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ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING City of Corpus Christi, Texas January 4, 2018 Morningside Research AND ConsultinG,Inc www.morningsideresearch.com ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING City of Corpus Christi, Texas January 4, 2018 Submitted by Morningside Research and Consulting, Inc. P.O. Box 4173 Austin, Texas 78765 Phone 512 302 4413 • Fax 512 302 4416 www.morningsideresearch.com TABLE OF CONTENTS I Cover Sheet ............................................................................................................................. 2 II Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 4 III Community Participation ........................................................................................................ 9 IV. Assessment of Past Goals and Actions ................................................................................. 30 V.A. Demographic Summary ......................................................................................................... 35 V.B.i. Segregation/Integration ...................................................................................................... 41 V.B.ii. Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAPS) ....................................... 52 V.B.iii. Disparities in Access to Opportunity ................................................................................. 60 V.B.iv. Disproportionate Housing Needs ...................................................................................... 92 V.C. Publicly Supported Housing Analysis ................................................................................... 103 V.D. Disability and Access Analysis ............................................................................................. 117 V.E. Fair Housing Enforcement, Outreach Capacity, and Resources .......................................... 133 VI Fair Housing Goals and Priorities ........................................................................................ 141 Appendix: Public Comments Received ....................................................................................... 148 Morningside Research and Consulting, Inc. i City of Corpus Christi 2017 Assessment of Fair Housing I. Cover Sheet Morningside Research and Consulting, Inc. 1 City of Corpus Christi 2017 Assessment of Fair Housing II. Executive Summary Morningside Research and Consulting, Inc. 3 City of Corpus Christi 2017 Assessment of Fair Housing II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY a) Summarize the fair housing issues, significant contributing factors, and goals. Also include an overview of the process and analysis used to reach the goals. OVERVIEW This Assessment of Fair Housing (AFH) is a process that U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) grant recipients must undertake in keeping with their obligation to “affirmatively further fair housing” (AFFH) in accordance with the Fair Housing Act. This report follows HUD guidance for completing the AFH and includes data and maps provided by HUD, as well as data and analysis gathered from the local community and secondary data sources such as the U.S. Census. This AFH includes a detailed fair housing analysis of the City of Corpus Christi, Texas, that includes the following components: DEMOGRAPHIC SUMMARY. This section provides a summary of the race and ethnicity, national origin, language, disability status, sex, age, and family status of residents of the City of Corpus Christi. The section also compares data over time to highlight demographic trends in Corpus Christi since 1990. According to HUD data, Corpus Christi has a predominately Hispanic population (59.7 percent); approximately one-third of residents are Non-Hispanic White, 3.9 percent are Black, and 3.1 percent are of some other race. SEGREGATION/INTEGRATION. This section analyzes the location of Corpus Christi residents by race and ethnicity and determines levels of segregation based on the dissimilarity of different groups. The highest segregation in Corpus Christi is between Black and Non-Hispanic White residents. RACIALLY OR ETHNICALLY CONCENTRATED AREAS OF POVERTY (R/ECAPS). A R/ECAP is an area of a city that has a majority Non-White population and poverty rate that is either above 40 percent or three times the regional average. The January 2017 AFFH maps from HUD indicate that seven areas of Corpus Christi are defined as R/ECAPs. R/ECAPs in Corpus Christi have a much higher proportion of Hispanic residents (80 percent) than in the City of Corpus Christi and the Corpus Christi region (Nueces and San Patricio counties). The R/ECAPs also have a higher percentage of Black residents than in the jurisdiction and region. DISPARITIES IN ACCESS TO OPPORTUNITY. This section analyzes a variety of indicators to determine whether Corpus Christi residents have access to proficient schools, nearby jobs, inexpensive transportation, robust labor markets, and environmentally healthy neighborhoods, regardless of their location or protected class. The groups with the least access to these opportunities are Morningside Research and Consulting, Inc. 4 City of Corpus Christi 2017 Assessment of Fair Housing Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black, who mostly live in City Council Districts 1, 2, and 3 near the city center. DISPROPORTIONATE HOUSING NEEDS. This section analyzes rates of housing cost burden, overcrowding, and substandard housing across different racial and ethnic groups and in different areas of the city. Non-Hispanic Black residents are the most likely to experience housing burden in Corpus Christi. Hurricane Harvey made landfall north of Corpus Christi in late August 2017 at the close of the AFH data collection process. No geographic patterns have been identified to date which would suggest disparate impact from the hurricane on protected class groups. PUBLICLY SUPPORTED HOUSING ANALYSIS. This section discusses the location and occupancy of publicly supported housing units in Corpus Christi, including public housing units, project-based Section 8 units, and units in the Housing Choice Voucher program. According to the data, Hispanic residents make up the majority of households in all categories of publicly supported housing in Corpus Christi. DISABILITY AND ACCESS ANALYSIS. This section reviews the location of Corpus Christi residents with disabilities and the resources available to these residents. The City of Corpus Christi provides some accommodation for services, programs, activities, and facilities and awards community development funds to organizations such as Coastal Bend Center for Independent Living (CBCIL) and Corpus Christi Council for The Deaf and Hard of Hearing Center to provide assistance to residents with disabilities. The Corpus Christi Regional Transportation Authority (CCRTA) provides accessible public transportation for residents with disabilities. FAIR HOUSING ENFORCEMENT, OUTREACH CAPACITY, AND RESOURCES ANALYSIS. This section discusses the organizations responsible for enforcing fair housing in Corpus Christi. This includes the City of Corpus Christi Human Relations Division (CCHRD), which is a HUD-certified Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) responsible for investigating fair housing complaints and enforcing violations. The section also discusses various state and local laws that may increase fair housing concerns, including state law which enables source of income discrimination. FAIR HOUSING ISSUES Based on the input received from stakeholders and residents during the community participation process, the assessment of past fair housing goals and action, and each component of the fair housing analysis, the following factors contribute to each fair housing issue identified in the City of Corpus Christi. The highest priority is given to those factors that limit or deny fair housing choice or access to opportunity, or negatively impact fair housing or civil rights compliance. Morningside Research and Consulting, Inc. 5 City of Corpus Christi 2017 Assessment of Fair Housing Fair Housing Issues and Contributing Factors in the City of Corpus Christi Contributing Factors Fair Housing Issues (by priority level) Segregation/Integration 1. Location and type of affordable housing 2. Lack of public investments in specific neighborhoods, including services or amenities 3. Lack of community revitalization strategies 4. Displacement of residents due to economic pressures 5. Private discrimination 6. Source of income discrimination 7. Community opposition Racially or Ethnically-Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAPs) 1. Lack of public investments in specific neighborhoods, including services of amenities 2. Lack of private investments in specific neighborhoods 3. Source of income discrimination 4. Private discrimination 5. Deteriorated or abandoned properties Disparities in Access to Opportunity 1. Location and type of affordable housing 2. Location of employers 3. Location of environmental health hazards 4. Location of proficient schools and school assignment policies 5. Lack of regional cooperation 6. Private discrimination 7. Source of income discrimination 8. Loss of affordable housing 9. Availability, type, frequency, and reliability of public transportation Disproportionate Housing Needs 1. Lack of public investments in specific neighborhoods, including services or amenities 2. Lack of private investments in specific neighborhoods 3. Displacement of residents due to economic pressures 4. Source of income discrimination 5. Loss of affordable housing Publicly Supported