J410/13 Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 with Castles: Form and Function C.1000–1750 Sample Question Paper Version 2.2
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Edward Jones
Edward Jones Events in John Milton’s life Events in Milton’s time JM is born in Bread Street (Dec 9) 1608 Shakespeare’s Pericles debuts to and baptized in the church of All great acclaim. Hallows, London (Dec 20). Champlain founds a colony at Quebec. 1609 Shakespeare’s Cymbeline is performed late in the year or in the first months of 1610, most likely indoors at the Blackfriars Theatre. The British establish a colony in Bermuda. Moriscos (Christianized Muslims) are expelled from Spain. Galileo constructs his first telescope. The Dutch East India Company ships the first tea to Europe. A tax assessment (E179/146/470) 1610 Galileo discovers the four largest confirms the Miltons residing in moons of Jupiter (Jan 7). the parish of All Hallows, London Ellen Jeffrey, JM’s maternal 1611 Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale is grandmother, is buried in All performed at the Globe Theatre Hallows, London (Feb 26). (May). The Authorized Version (King James Bible) is published. Shakespeare’s The Tempest is performed at court (Nov 1). The Dutch begin trading with Japan. The First Presbyterian Congregation is established at Jamestown. JM’s sister Sara is baptized (Jul 15) 1612 Henry, Prince of Wales, dies. and buried in All Hallows, London Charles I becomes heir to the (Aug 6). throne. 1613 A fire breaks out during a performance of Shakespeare’s Henry VIII and destroys the Globe Theatre (Jun 29). 218 Select Chronology Events in John Milton’s life Events in Milton’s time JM’s sister Tabitha is baptized in 1614 Shakespeare’s Two Noble Kinsmen All Hallows, London (Jan 30). -
A-Level History, HIS1D: Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy 1603-1702 Absolutism Challenged: Britain 1603-49 Section 2: Revolution 1629-1649
A-Level History, HIS1D: Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy 1603-1702 Absolutism Challenged: Britain 1603-49 Section 2: Revolution 1629-1649. Part 1: 1629-1642 KEY TOPIC AREAS 1629-42: KEY TOPIC AREAS 1629-42: Divisions over Religion: Arminianism and Laudianism; Puritanism, and Millenarianism Political divisions in Personal rule: Short Parliament • Arminianism and Laudianism • The Short Parliament • Puritanism • Continued Opposition in 1640 • The emergence of Millenarianism Political divisions • The Long Parliament. Political divisions in Personal rule: Finance • The leadership and importance of John Pym. • Fiscal policy used in Personal rule Causes of the English Civil War • The opposition that it caused • Events culminating in the outbreak of the Civil War. Political divisions in Personal rule: Scotland • Policies in Scotland • The Crisis of 1637-42 • The extent of Opposition Political divisions in Personal rule: Ireland • Policies in Ireland • The Crisis of 1637-42 • The extent of Opposition A-Level History, HIS1D: Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy 1603-1702 Absolutism Challenged: Britain 1603-49 Section 2: Revolution 1629-1649. Part 1: 1629-1642 KEY WORDS KEY INDIVIDUALS Articles of Perth: had been forced through the Scottish Kirk in 1618. They were a set of Charles Stuart: ruled as Charles I 1625-1649 commands outlining religious practices. To Presbyterians, the commands seemed like William Laud: a key Arminian cleric who became the Archbishop of Canterbury in Catholicism 1633 and made changes to the Anglican Church Bill of Attainder: medieval method which allowed anyone who was seen as a threat to the Henrietta Maria: Catholic wife of Charles I, she aroused suspicion of a Catholic state t be removed by Parliament without formal trial conversion of the King and the court Book of Sports: originally produced by James in 1618. -
The English Civil Wars a Beginner’S Guide
The English Civil Wars A Beginner’s Guide Patrick Little A Oneworld Paperback Original Published in North America, Great Britain and Australia by Oneworld Publications, 2014 Copyright © Patrick Little 2014 The moral right of Patrick Little to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted by him/her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 9781780743318 eISBN 9781780743325 Typeset by Siliconchips Services Ltd, UK Printed and bound in Denmark by Nørhaven A/S Oneworld Publications 10 Bloomsbury Street London WC1B 3SR England Stay up to date with the latest books, special offers, and exclusive content from Oneworld with our monthly newsletter Sign up on our website www.oneworld-publications.com Contents Preface vii Map of the English Civil Wars, 1642–51 ix 1 The outbreak of war 1 2 ‘This war without an enemy’: the first civil war, 1642–6 17 3 The search for settlement, 1646–9 34 4 The commonwealth, 1649–51 48 5 The armies 66 6 The generals 82 7 Politics 98 8 Religion 113 9 War and society 126 10 Legacy 141 Timeline 150 Further reading 153 Index 157 Preface In writing this book, I had two primary aims. The first was to produce a concise, accessible account of the conflicts collectively known as the English Civil Wars. The second was to try to give the reader some idea of what it was like to live through that trau- matic episode. -
Revealing Dissent Under Charles I's 'Personal Rule'
‘An Engine Which the World Sees Nothing Of ’: Revealing Dissent Under Charles I’s ‘Personal Rule’ Jared van Duinen In 2000, Jonathan Scott characterized the years of Charles’s personal rule by the term the ‘peace of silence’. By this he meant that the seeming peace and quiescence of the 1630s was chiefly due to the silencing of dissent. For much of the twentieth century, this ‘peace of silence’ could be found reflected in the historiography of early Stuart England. Even when the personal rule received its first full-length study – Kevin Sharpe’s 1992 The Personal Rule of Charles I – the story of dissent in the 1630s remained largely underexplored. In order to uncover the covert and diffused nature of dissident thought under Charles’s personal rule, it is necessary for research to adopt a commensurately localized or decentred frame of reference. Work which has done this has often revealed previously obscured veins of dissent. A future direction for studies of dissident thought and action in the 1630s could lie in network analysis and, in particular, the examination of puritan networks of association. ‘Not only all mouths are stopped, but the parliament doors sealed for many years.’ ‘When we ... have any great things to be accomplished, the best policy is to work by an engine which the world sees nothing of.’1 Both these contemporary quotes, from quite different perspectives, refer to the Caroline 1630s, the years of Charles I’s ‘personal rule’. The first is from, if not an ‘insider’ figure then at least a servant of the establishment, the diplomat Sir Thomas Roe. -
The Return of the King (1658±1660)
1 The Return of the King (1658±1660) 1 The Fall of the Protectorate (September 1658±April 1659)1 `All Men wondred to see all so quiet, in so dangerous a time' wrote the Puritan minister Richard Baxter of the autumn of 1658.The death of Oliver Cromwell on 3 September signalled no discernible quickening of either royalist or repub- lican pulses.There was no sudden or general upsurge of public opinion either against the Protectorate or for a return to monarchy: `Contrary to all expec- tation both at home and abroad, this earthquake was attended with no signal alteration', recalled Charles II's Chancellor, Edward Hyde, afterwards Earl of Clarendon.2 Nor, though `all the commonwealth party' may have `cried out upon [Richard's] assuming the protectorship, as a high usurpation', was there any concerted attempt by republicans to undo what they saw as the perversion of the Good Old Cause into the tyranny of rule by a single person: `There is not a dogge that waggs his tongue, soe great a calm are wee in', observed John Thurloe, Oliver's, and now Richard's, Secretary of State.3 The Humble Petition and Advice, the Protectorate's constitution since 1657, empowered Cromwell to name his successor, but this was managed `so sleightly, as some doubt whether he did it at all' reported John Barwick, future Dean of St Paul's, in a letter to Charles II.Nevertheless, despite the want of any formal or written nomination, Richard Cromwell's succession was generally accepted not only without opposition but with signs of positive relief.The proclamation of his -
Oliver Cromwell
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Political Storytelling and Propaganda: William Prynne and the English Afterlife of Tommaso Campanella
Political Storytelling and Propaganda: William Prynne and the English Afterlife of Tommaso Campanella Andrew Manns Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD The Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, University of London March 2019 1 I declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Signed: Andrew Manns 2 Acknowledgements I would like to extend my gratitude to Tony Grafton, Catherine Charlton and the rest of the staff at The Warburg Institute and Senate House for their continued support and advice. I am also deeply grateful to my advisers, Jill Kraye and Guido Giglioni for guiding me on this journey and for their thoroughgoing and keen-eyed insights and input into the present work. Lastly, I am greatly indebted to my long-suffering wife, Marjolaine, who has given me unbounded encouragement and inspiration every step of the way. 3 Abstract Political Storytelling and Propaganda: William Prynne and the English Afterlife of Tommaso Campanella Although there has been extensive scholarship on the pamphleteering practices and political activities of the dissident moralist and lawyer William Prynne, scant material exists on the narrative mechanism underlying Prynne’s persuasive storytelling. This dissertation argues that Prynne was the source of the literary archetype concerning the ‘Jesuit’ Tommaso Campanella diffused during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The ideas of the Italian Dominican Campanella (1568-1639) had a certain impact on the philosophical, theological and political panorama of early modern England. The study of this impact is an area that is still largely unexplored. Using Prynne’s apocryphal Campanella as an interpretative lens, my dissertation compares and analyses the anti-Catholic myths elaborated by Prynne and proposes that he devised a fictional Campanella in tandem with his exposition of the fictitious plots of Adam Contzen, Cardinal Armand Richelieu, and Robert Parsons. -
Friends Acquisitions 1964-2018
Acquired with the Aid of the Friends Manuscripts 1964: Letter from John Dury (1596-1660) to the Evangelical Assembly at Frankfurt-am- Main, 6 August 1633. The letter proposes a general assembly of the evangelical churches. 1966: Two letters from Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, to Nicholas of Lucca, 1413. Letter from Robert Hallum, Bishop of Salisbury concerning Nicholas of Lucca, n.d. 1966: Narrative by Leonardo Frescobaldi of a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1384. 1966: Survey of church goods in 33 parishes in the hundreds of Blofield and Walsham, Norfolk, 1549. 1966: Report of a debate in the House of Commons, 27 February 1593. From the Fairhurst Papers. 1967: Petition to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners by Miles Coverdale and others, 1565. From the Fairhurst Papers. 1967: Correspondence and papers of Christopher Wordsworth (1807-1885), Bishop of Lincoln. 1968: Letter from John Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury, to John Boys, 1599. 1968: Correspondence and papers of William Howley (1766-1848), Archbishop of Canterbury. 1969: Papers concerning the divorce of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. 1970: Papers of Richard Bertie, Marian exile in Wesel, 1555-56. 1970: Notebook of the Nonjuror John Leake, 1700-35. Including testimony concerning the birth of the Old Pretender. 1971: Papers of Laurence Chaderton (1536?-1640), puritan divine. 1971: Heinrich Bullinger, History of the Reformation. Sixteenth century copy. 1971: Letter from John Davenant, Bishop of Salisbury, to a minister of his diocese [1640]. 1971: Letter from John Dury to Mr. Ball, Preacher of the Gospel, 1639. 1972: ‘The examination of Valentine Symmes and Arthur Tamlin, stationers, … the Xth of December 1589’. -
The War Won with Words, and the Country Rebuilt by Them
University of Hawai‘i at Hilo · Hawai‘i Community College HOHONU 2013 Vol. 11 swiftly became an indispensable component of ensuring The War Won with Words, and a Royalist position of authority: “During the frst half of the Country Rebuilt by Them the sixteenth century, the English gentry came to realize Corey Patton, [email protected] that its continued access to the controls of power would English 304, UH Hilo depend less on birth and military prowess and more on literacy and learning” (Levy 11). Cavalier poets, such as The downfall of many leaders throughout the Richard Lovelace and Robert Herrick, contributed their annals of history is best attributed to their failure to artful talents to garnering support for King Charles I, understand the paramount importance of confronting flling volume upon volume with verses dedicated to the foes with the use of a pen, rather than a sword. European royal family in the hopes that their words would inspire politics underwent a monumental transformation in loyalty to the sovereignty of the crown. the period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century However, by the same token, the Royalists came due to the sudden, widespread development of literary to fear the revolutionary potential of literature as texts comprehension amongst the middle and lower classes began to surface that called for a purging of government in European society. As a result, the English Civil War corruption under the reign of King Charles I. A plethora became one of the frst major conficts in British history of Puritan authors, all frm supporters of Parliamentarian to rely heavily upon the infuence of written media to ideals, used their writing as a means of releasing determine the outcome of the war. -
Why Did People Want the King Back in 1646
Civil War > Why did people go to war in 1642? > Key people & events Why did people go to war in 1642? Key people & events Charles I’s Personal Rule Most monarchs disliked having to listen to Parliament. However, they always had to call Parliaments because they needed money and they needed Parliament to agree to taxes to raise that money. In return, MPs could express their concerns in Parliament about particular issues. From 1629-40 Charles I ruled without calling Parliament. During this Personal Rule, Charles began to work closely with his officials to raise money without asking Parliament. He did this very successfully. Charles increased his income from £600,000 to £900,000 per year. However, he created a lot of bad feeling as a result. • In 1626-7 he introduced a forced loan. Wealthy nobles and gentry were forced to Charles money whether or not they wanted to. Five knights who refused to pay the loan were thrown into prison without a fair trial and left there. • Charles brought in a range of new customs duties and collected them very effectively. (New customs duties usually had to be approved by Parliament.) • Charles also sold monopolies and patents. These gave control of a particular trade to one individual or company. This meant that other traders either had to pay to take part in the trade or they might be forced out of it altogether. • Charles collected ship money. This was a tax traditionally paid in counties that had coastlines. It paid for the navy to protect the coast. Charles forced people in all counties to pay ship money. -
The Arrest and Trial of Archbishop William Laud
THE ARREST AND TRIAL OF ARCHBISHOP WILLIAM LAUD By NICHOLAS ROBERT CHARLES FORWARD A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Modern History School of Historical Studies College of Arts and law University of Birmingham March 2012 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Archbishop William Laud was arrested on 18 December 1640, and specific treason charges were brought forward early in 1641. However he did not stand trial until 1644. This study aims to assess the charges; consider the reasons for the significant delay between the arrest and trial; review the law of treason pertaining at the time and how this was applied to Laud; analyse the condemnatory and often vindictive views of Laud within the public sphere as reflected in the pamphlets and newsbooks of the period; and assess in detail the trial itself. Along with Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford, Laud was a principle counsellor to the king and a major hate figure for parliament who considered the two men responsible for leading the king astray during the period of the personal rule. -
The Seventeenth-Century Revolution in the English Land Law
Cleveland State Law Review Volume 43 Issue 2 Article 4 1995 The Seventeenth-Century Revolution in the English Land Law Charles J. Reid Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevstlrev Part of the Land Use Law Commons, and the Legal History Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Recommended Citation Charles J. Reid Jr., The Seventeenth-Century Revolution in the English Land Law, 43 Clev. St. L. Rev. 221 (1995) available at https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevstlrev/vol43/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cleveland State Law Review by an authorized editor of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY REVOLUTION IN THE ENGLISH LAND LAW CHARLES J. REID, JR.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................... 223 I. THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION ........................... 225 A. A Schematic Chronology of the Revolution .......... 225 B. The Gentry and Revolution ...................... 230 II. THE ABOLITION OF THE FEUDAL INCIDENTS AND THE TRIUMPH OF SOCAGE TENURE ......................... 232 A. Origins of Knight Service and Wardship ........... 234 B. The Sixteenth-Century Revival of the Feudal Incidents .................................... 237 C. PopularResistance to the Feudal Incidents and the Eradicationof the Practice .................... 240 Ill. THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT, THE DOMESTICATION OF COPYHOLD, AND THE DESTRUCTION OF RIGHTS IN COMMON .... 243 A. Background to the EnclosureMovement of the Seventeenth Century .......................... 243 B. The Attack on Copyhold ........................ 246 1. Fifteenth-Century Conditions ............... 246 2. The Creation and Judicial Protection of Copyhold ................................. 247 3.