USAID SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS ADVANCED (USAID SEA) PROJECT ANNUAL REPORT October 2017 – September 2018
OCTOBER 2018 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Prepared by Tetra Tech.
Contract Number : AID-497-C-16-00008
Project Title : USAID Sustainable Ecosystems Advanced (USAID SEA) Project
Contract Period : March 21, 2016 to March 22, 2021
Prepared for : USAID Indonesia
Submitted to : Celly Catharina, Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) [email protected]
Submitted by : Tetra Tech 159 Bank Street, Suite 300, Burlington, VT 05401, USA Tel: 802-495-0282, Fax: 802 658-4247 www.tetratech.com/intdev
Submitted on : October 15, 2018
November 16, 2018 (Revised)
Tetra Tech Contacts:
Alan White, Chief of Party [email protected]
Tiene Gunawan, Deputy Chief of Party [email protected]
Gina Green, Project Manager [email protected]
Cover Photo: Fisheries Catch Monitoring (WWF)
USAID SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS ADVANCED (USAID SEA) PROJECT ANNUAL REPORT October 2017 – September 2018
DISCLAIMER: The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... vi SECTION 1. USAID SEA PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 1 SECTION 2. TECHNICAL APPROACHES FOR IMPROVED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ...... 6 TECHNICAL APPROACH 1: AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT...... 6 TECHNICAL APPROACH 2: MARINE PROTECTED AREAS ...... 20 TECHNICAL APPROACH 3: MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING ...... 38 TECHNICAL APPROACH 4: LAW ENFORCEMENT ...... 43 SECTION 3. APPROACHES FOR ADDRESSING ENABLING CONDITIONS ...... 52 STRATEGIC APPROACH 1: CREATE DEMAND THROUGH AWARENESS RAISING AND ADVOCACY ..... 52 STRATEGIC APPROACH 3: INCREASE INCENTIVES FOR MARINE STEWARDSHIP ...... 58 STRATEGIC APPROACH 4: ADVANCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES POLICIES AND REGULATIONS ...... 69 STRATEGIC APPROACH 5: INSTITUTIONALIZE TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING ...... 74 SECTION 4. MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS AND CROSS-CUTTING ACTIVITIES ...... 78 SECTION 5. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING ...... 88 SECTION 6. KEY CHALLENGES, LESSONS LEARNED, AND OPPORTUNITIES MOVING FORWARD ...... 94 ANNEX ONE: Full list of Verified Trainings Delivered in FY18 ...... 96 ANNEX TWO: New Staff to the USAID SEA Project, FY18 ...... 97 ANNEX THREE: Full USAID SEA Project Staffing ...... 98 ANNEX FOUR: Staffing and Management Organizational Structure ...... 105 ANNEX FIVE: Regional Staffing and Management Organizational Structure ...... 106 ANNEX SIX: Overview of Performance Management Indicators FY18 ...... 107
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | i TABLES
Table 1: Overall achievements in FY18, and progress towards the LOP targets of the USAID SEA Project...... vii Tabel 2: Capaian keseluruhan di T F 18, dan kemajuan terhadap target di akhir proyek (LOP) ...... xv Table 3: Full list of USAID SEA Project sites (September 2018)...... 3 Table 4: The 8 data sets (from a total of 22 assessed) that were found to be sufficiently statistically robust for continued analysis...... 9 Table 5: Initial stock status results of the eight data sets reviewed...... 9
Table 6: Probabilities (%) of violating BMSY and FMSY in three years (2018) and ten years (2025) under scenarios of (a) maintained 2015 catch rates, and (b) increased catch rates at the levels currently set for MSY in Indonesia...... 10 Table 7: CPUE for snapper and grouper fisheries in North Maluku. * Based on kg of catch per day; gear = hand line; vessels = 6-7m in length...... 14 Table 8: EAFM assessment results from Sawai, Maluku...... 15 Table 9: Harvest Control Rules for three TURF clusters in the Dampier Strait...... 17 Table 10: Status and summary information for the MPAs in the USAID SEA portfolio...... 24 Table 11: Key steps & timeline to achieving RZWP-3-K in Maluku province...... 40 Table 12: Key steps & timeline to achieving RZWP-3-K in Maluku province...... 41 Table 13: Key steps & timeline to achieving RZWP-3-K in West Papua province...... 42 Table 14: Status of POKMASWAS in the SEA Project’s working areas of North Maluku, Maluku and West Papua...... 48 Table 15: Long-term investment and wealth creation opportunities identified by the Fair Trade fisher associations...... 59 Table 16: Tourism operators committed to joining the Signing Blue initiative ...... 66 Table 17: Communities in Maluku committed to establishing sasi (managed access) systems in their fishing grounds...... 68 Table 18: USAID SEA gender mainstreaming checklist adapted from two previous environmental USAID programs in Asia ...... 86 Table 19: Adjustments to overall LOP targets in the fifth and final ME&L plan...... 89 Table 20: Schedule of the partner training sessions to socialize use of the Indicator Reporting Manual ...... 90 Table 21: Leveraged investment in FY18...... 92
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | ii FIGURES
Figure 1: The core strategic and technical approaches implemented under the USAID SEA Project...... 2 Figure 2: Map of all USAID SEA Project sites in North Maluku, Maluku, and West Papua...... 4 Figure 3: Overview of the organizational structure of an FMA Fisheries Management Council...... 7 Figure 4: The six sample site locations for the Genetics Study*...... 11 Figure 5: A map of grouper and snapper fisher activity resulting from SPOT Trace technology trials in North Maluku...... 13 Figure 6 (left): Catch rates (in kg) of snapper and grouper in the North Maluku stock unit (August 2017 to July 2018)...... 14 Figure 7: Map of the TURFs in Mayalibit Bay ...... 16 Figure 8: Vessel registration accelerated considerably in 2018, with inventorying and registration events taking place throughout eastern FMA 715...... 19 Figure 9: Locations of USAID SEA Project supported MPAs in North Maluku...... 27 Figure 10: Locations of USAID SEA Project supported MPAs in Maluku...... 31 Figure 11: Locations of USAID SEA Project supported MPAs in West Papua...... 35 Figure 12: The online MSP Geoportal — SEANode...... 39 Figure 13: The POKMASWAS Institutional Development Plan...... 45 Figure 14: ‘Champion’ Kris Thebu, Head of the Maya Tribe Council, promoting buy-in and support for TURF establishment in Raja Ampat through declaration ceremonies...... 55 Figure 15: The Prochaska, DiClemente model (1983) and Hartin (2016) behavior change continuum model...... 56 Figure 16: Overview of Fair Trade committees and membership numbers...... 58 Figure 17: Seafood Savers membership process...... 61 Figure 18: The ERR model examines local income and cost potentials under different scenarios ...... 63 Figure 19: The membership phases of Signing Blue ...... 66 Figure 20: An overview of USAID SEA Project supported training in FY18...... 74 Figure 21: Media engagement across different platforms in FY18...... 81 Figure 22: Media coverage generated by the SEA Project, disaggregated by location...... 81 Figure 23: Overview of activity on the USAID SEA Project Facebook fan page, FY18...... 82 Figure 24: Overview of USAID SEA Project Instagram activity, FY18...... 83 Figure 25: The ‘Talking Sea’ newsletter was launched in FY18...... 83 Figure 26: The State of the Sea, a three volume publication, was completed in FY18...... 84 Figure 27: Coverage and reach of USAID SEA Project activities by gender and geographical distribution...... 87 Figure 28: (Previous page) Achievements of SA 1 to date (creating demand through awareness raising and advocacy); (Above) Remaining FY18 targets and achievements (actuals) for the USAID SEA Project...... 91
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | iii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AP2HI Asosiasi Perikanan Pole & Line dan Handline Indonesia (Associationof Pole & Line and Hand line Fisheries Indonesia) BAPPEDA Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah (Regional body for planning and development) Bappenas Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (National Development Planning Agency) BKSDA Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam (Nature Conservation Agency) BDM Biomass Dynamics Model BKKPN Balai Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Nasional (Aquatic Conservation Area Agency) CI Conservation International CPUE catch per unit effort CTC Coral Triangle Center CTI Coral Triangle Initiative DG Directorate General DGCF Directorate General of Capture Fisheries DKP Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan (Department of Marine Fisheries) DPRD Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (Local Parliament) DOI-ITAP U.S. Department of Interior, International Technical Assistance Program DQA Data quality assessments (DQAs) EAFM Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management E-KKP3K Pedoman teknis evaluasi efektivitas pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan, pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil (Technical guidelines for evaluating the management effectiveness of aquatic coasts and small island conservation areas) EER Economic Rate of Return ETP Endangered, threatened, and protected FAD Fish Aggregating Device FIP Fishery Improvement Projects FMC Fisheries Management Council FMA Fisheries Management Area GIS Global Information System GOI Government of Indonesia GPS Global Positioning System GT Gross tons ILMMA Indonesia Locally Managed Marine Area Foundation IPNLF International Pole and Line Foundation KPA Kawasan Perikanan Adat (Traditional Fishing Area) KKPN Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Nasional (National marine conservation area) KKHL Konservasi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati Laut (Directorate of Marine Conservation and Biodiversity) KSOP Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan (Harbormaster Office and Port Authority) LIPI Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) MDPI Masyarakat Dan Perikanan Indonesia (Foundation for Communities and Fisheries in Indonesia) ME&L Monitoring, evaluation and learning MMAF Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries MoU Memorandum of Understanding MPA Marine protected areas MSC Marine Stewardship Council MSP Marine Spatial Planning NGO Non-Government Organization NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | iv NTZ No-take Zone OLE Office of Law Enforcement OOC Our Ocean Conference OSPC Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation OSS Online Single Submission P3D Personil, Peralatan, Pembiayaan dan Dokumen (Personnel, Financing, Infrastructure, and Documentation) PerDa Peraturan Daerah (local regulation) PerMen Peraturan Menteri (ministerial regulation) PIRS Performance Indicator Results Sheets PMI Performance management indicators POLAIR Polisi Air (Marine Police) POKMASWAS Kelompok masyarokat pengawas (community surveillance groups) PPNS Pejabat Penyidik Negeri Sipil (Association of civil service investigators) PSDKP Pengawasan Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan (Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance) PSM(A) Port State Measures (Agreement) PSPL Loka Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan laut (Implementing Unit for Coastal and Marine Management) PT Perikanan tangkap (capture fisheries) PTSP Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (One stop integrated service) PURISKAN Pusat Riset Perikanaan (Fishery Research Center) RAD Rencana Aksi Daerah (provincial action plans) RAN Rencana Aksi Nasional (national action plan) REA Rapid Ecological Assessment RCI Reef Check Indonesia RBFM Rights-based fisheries management RPJMD Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (Regional Medium Term Development Plan) RUM Resource use monitoring RZWP-3-K Rencana zonasi wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil (Marine spatial planning for coastal and small islands) SEA Project Sustainable Ecosystems Advanced Project SK Surat Keputusan (Decision statement) SK3 Standar Kompetensi Kerja Khusus (Specific Work Competency) SKKNI Standar Kompetensi Kerja Nasional Indonesia (National work competency standards) SIMKADA Sistem Informasi Izin Kapal Daerah (Licensing information system) SISWASMAS Sistem Pengawasan Berbasis Masyarakat (Community-based Surveillance Systems) SPAG Spawning Aggregation TNC The Nature Conservancy TURF Territorial user rights for fisheries TWG Technical Working Group USG US Government UKIP Universitas Kristen Papua UNIPA Universitas Negeri Papua UNKHAIR University of Khairun UPTD-BLUD Raja Ampat management authority USAID United States Agency for International Development USG US Government (USG) UU Undang-Undang (Act) VIIRS Visible Infrared Imagining Radiometer Suite WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WWF World Wide Fund for Nature
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The five-year United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Sustainable Ecosystems Advanced (SEA) Project supports the Government of Indonesia (GOI) to improve the governance of fisheries and marine resources, and to conserve biological diversity at local, district, provincial, and national levels. Using an ecosystem-based approach to management and engaging key stakeholders, the USAID SEA Project aims to: (a) enhance the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources by reforming fisheries management and promoting marine protected areas (MPAs) to enhance fisheries productivity, food security, and sustainable livelihoods within the target areas; and (b) to strengthen the leadership role and capacity of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) and local governments to promote marine conservation and sustainable fishing. The USAID SEA Project is implemented by Tetra Tech and a consortium of 13 implementing partners. The project runs from March 2016 through to March 2021. In accordance with the Year 2 work plan of the USAID SEA Project (FY18), efforts in the last year focused on:
consolidating data gathering and analysis to inform and guide the design of interventions related to implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) and establishing effectively managed MPAs, strengthening and advancing existing policy and regulatory frameworks to underpin EAFM and MPA interventions, and promote marine and coastal management across ranging levels of governance, advancing marine spatial planning processes in the provinces through to completion (two provinces), and transitioning from design and development to implementation, advancing law enforcement frameworks at the national, regional and local level to enable systematic improvements to regulatory compliance, identifying and engaging champions as change agents throughout USAID SEA Project sites, and promoting awareness raising and involvement of communities in project activities, establishing incentives for engagement and compliance through a range of site-based mechanisms, providing extensive training and capacity building to key stakeholders, and institutionalizing skills- building programs at a range of levels. Of the various performance management indicators (PMI) targets set for FY18, three-quarters were achieved; and of those achieved, most of the results (80 percent) exceeded the targets set. Overall progress in FY18, and progress towards the life of project (LOP) targets is shown in table 1.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | vi
Table 1: Overall achievements in FY18, and progress towards the LOP targets of the USAID SEA Project.
Note: Progress against the following indicator targets is awaiting verification, and/or are not expected to show results until FY19 or beyond. SA2.1b: No. of hectares of biological significance and/or natural resources under improved natural resource management as a result of USG assistance, applying MPA management; SA2.2: No. of hectares of biological significance and/or natural resources showing improved biophysical conditions as a result of USG assistance; SA2.4: Percent change in catch per unit effort for selected gear and landing sites. SA2.5: Percent change in reef fish biomass in selected MPAs. SA3.1: No. of people with increased economic benefits derived from sustainable natural resource management and conservation as a result of USG assistance.
In summary, year 2 of the USAID SEA Project (FY18) saw the following key accomplishments.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | vii HIGHLIGHTS IN FY18 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) At the national level, the USAID Sea Project accelerated support for institutional capacity building in MMAF through the introduction of advanced analytical models to undertake stock assessment analysis. This resulted in the completion of preliminary stock status assessments for eight sites nationally, including two within Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 715. To support future FMA-wide stock assessment, USAID SEA Project partners increased the scale of fish landing site data gathering, involving 57 enumerators across all six provinces of FMA 715. A data review process led by the marine fisheries research agency under MMAF (Balai Riset Perikanan Laut - BPRL) supported by SEA also resulted in improved data protocols and data quality advances, in readiness for future analysis. FMA governance was also advanced in this period, with the formal establishment of the FMA Fisheries Management Council (FMC). This was supported by the SEA Project, which provided extensive capacity support to agencies involved in the Scientific Panel of the FMC, as well as the establishment of two Provincial Fishery Technical Working Groups (one for snapper and grouper, and one for tuna) with responsibilities to provide fishery-specific technical input to the FMC. FMA-level studies being supported by the USAID SEA Project continued to be advanced, in particular the snapper and grouper genetics study, and the FMA 715 Frame Survey (related to capturing vessel and fisher port data to inform and guide management). Meanwhile, longer term, systematic data collection systems were also advanced, with national-level reviews of the logbook for small-scale fishers resulting in the identification of key common data points and formats to be used nationally. Across the three provinces of focus (North Maluku, Maluku, and West Papua), vessel registration activities were effectively launched by MMAF through support from USAID SEA Project, resulting in 650 vessels being processed for registration. At the site level, data gathering by SEA Project partners for the North Maluku snapper and grouper ‘stock unit’ was finalized (four sites) and was analyzed to capture catch per unit effort (CPUE) results to provide a baseline against which to measure the effectiveness of future fishery interventions. Preliminary harvest-control strategy recommendations were also developed by SEA project leads and partners for reef fisheries in Raja Ampat, anchovy fisheries in Raja Ampat, and flying fish egg harvesting areas in Fakfak. In addition to this, the SEA Project supported the establishment of 42 TURF (territorial user rights for fisheries) areas to secure marine tenure and promote sustainable small-scale fisheries in Maluku and West Papua. Of these, 85 percent have already received formal endorsement from the relevant district government agencies. Marine Protected Areas At the national level, the USAID SEA Project supported the draft revision and strengthening of several national policies related to MPAs. In particular, a new approach was developed to define the goals, objectives, criteria, and indicators for the biophysical, social, economic, and governance aspects of MPA networks (under PerMen 13/2014); and the key regulations related to the establishment and development of MPAs (PerMen no. 17/2008, no. 2/2009 and no. 30/2010) were reviewed with recommendations provided to effectively merge these frameworks into a simpler single structure, with improved criteria and indicators (in line with MPA networks). The SEA Project also trialed these
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | viii proposed adjustments through an MPA design assessment process conducted at key SEA project sites in September 2018. At the provincial level, work accelerated considerably in year 2. Through USAID SEA Project engagement and advocacy, all new and existing MPA sites in the SEA portfolio were recognized and incorporated into each province’s marine spatial plans; and all but one of the MPAs have was successfully transferred (or re/established) under provincial jurisdiction (as required under law 23/2014). Work also began in FY18 on the development of provincial MPA networks, with areas of interest (beyond existing MPAs) identified through SEA Project support in all three provinces. A draft provincial MPA network design was completed for West Papua, and all remaining provincial network designs will be finalized following the completion of a larger spatial analysis for all of FMA 715 (in FY19). A range of MPA related capacity building work was implemented through the SEA Project in FY18, including training in: (a) MPA design and Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation (OSPC), (b) MPA 101 training, (c) sustainable tourism in MPAs, and (d) community-based data collection. In addition to this the USAID SEA Project hosted three MPA Senior Advisors (one for each province) supported by the U.S. Department of Interior, International Technical Assistance Program (DOI-ITAP). In North Maluku a provincial MPA Management Unit (UPTD) was established by MMAF as well as an MPA Technical Working Group (TWG); both through support from SEA Project. In Maluku the project supported the development of a roadmap towards establishing a management unit which will be developed further in FY19. In West Papua a terms of reference (TOR) for an MPA Technical Working Group (TWG) was drafted; and at the site level, data collection to inform MPA design and development was completed for 13 (out of the 14) MPAs in the SEA portfolio. Utilizing this data, SEA Project has supported MMAF and associated site-based partners to draft and provide technical review services for zoning designs and management frameworks for 50 percent of sites in the portfolio. Marine Spatial Planning Within this work stream, FY18 saw significant accomplishments. The Project successfully supported North Maluku province to finalize, legalize and enact their marine spatial plan (Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil - RZWP-3-K), through regulation PerDa no. 2/2018. The plan has effectively secured 31.9 million hectares (ha) of the marine environment, with an allocation of 1,081,727 ha for MPA establishment. Likewise, in Maluku province, the SEA Project supported the finalization, legalization and enactment of the RZWP-3-K through PerDa no. 1/2018, securing 14.2 million ha of the marine environment, with an allocation of 2,904,812 ha for MPAs. In both provinces, the plans have also allocated two nautical miles (nm) from the coastline to be an area prioritized for small-scale fisheries, particularly subsistence fishers. The West Papua RZWP-3-K is anticipated to be completed in FY19. USAID SEA support to the planning process was multifaceted, and in FY18 work was undertaken to further enhance the capacity of MMAF staff at the national level to support the Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) processes in the provinces. This included training on MSP Decision Support Systems (MARXAN with zone and Sea-Sketch). In addition to this, to secure all MSP-generated data emerging from the provinces across Indonesia, and to monitor and evaluate the progress of MSP at the national level, the SEA Project supported the design and development of an MSP Geoportal Database within MMAF (SEANode). This system (version 3.0) is now ready to launch in early FY19, and will also support the streamlining of resource use permitting systems, facilitated through interlinking the portal with the ‘Online Single Submission’ (OSS) system (developed by the Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs at the national level).
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | ix Law Enforcement At the national level, law enforcement activities were advanced through SEA Project training for inspectors and cross-agency managerial staff on effectively implementing the Port State Measures Agreement, and the production of a white paper outlining recommendations for institutional implementation. National efforts to support community surveillance groups (POKMASWAS) were also accelerated considerably in this period, with the SEA Project supporting the design of a standardized national model for POKMASWAS Institutional Development Steps, and initiation of a nationwide modular training-of- trainers program for POKMASWAS support. Preliminary training under the model was delivered through support from the SEA Project in North Maluku, Maluku and West Papua, through which all existing and prospective POKMASWAS groups related to SEA Project sites were also identified, and their current status assessed. This revealed 31 formally established groups existing at SEA sites (26 at stage I, and five at stage II of development), and seven further confirmed prospective POKMASWAS groups (pre-stage I). To support POKMASWAS operationalization, the SEA Project supported MMAF to develop a policy paper providing significant recommendations for adjustments to MMAF Ministerial Regulation no. 58/2001, the Implementation Guidelines for Community-based Surveillance Systems (SISWASMAS). These recommendations were borne out of consultations across all three provinces. Another key achievement for law enforcement was the production of a draft policy paper to guide and inform the development of a National Action Plan to Combat Destructive Fishing. Complementing this, a range of stakeholder fora were convened through support from USAID SEA Project across all three provinces to promote networks for combating illegal fishing. These fora successfully resulted in Provincial Governments in Maluku and West Papua drafting Actions Plans (Rencana Aksi Daerah - RAD) for Combatting Destructive Fishing. In North Maluku an assessment of blast fishing raw material supply chains successfully commenced by USAID SEA Project, as a follow up to the illegal endangered, threatened, and protected (ETP) species capture and trafficking mapping already completed. Providing Enabling Conditions for Sustainable Marine and Coastal Management Enabling conditions are situations which must occur prior or simultaneously to an initiative in order to enable the initiative to be successful. Under the USAID SEA Project, four key strategic approaches are considered necessary to achieve sustainable marine and coastal management. Creating Demand Through Awareness Raising and Advocacy This strategic approach aims to provide foundational support to changing individual and societal behaviors so that the various goals of the USAID SEA Project can be achieved. In FY18 the SEA Project worked to refine and better articulate behavior change-related targets, resulting in four key aims (benchmarks) being identified within the project. The first aim (benchmark) identified is to ensure that target audiences (in this case coastal communities and related local stakeholders at the site level) are effectively exposed to outreach messages related to target activities in the project. In FY18 key outreach messages generated through the USAID SEA Project focused on three technical areas. In support of EAFM, outreach focused on: (a) engaging fishers to adopt logbooks, (b) establishing TURFs in West Papua and Maluku, and (c) promoting fishers to register their vessels. In support of MPAs, messages focused on: (a) gaining community support for the establishment of eight new MPAs, (b) advancing MPA design and planning across nine sites, (c) promoting sustainable tourism in select MPAs, and (d) promoting citizen science through community-
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | x based data collection. In support of law enforcement, messages focused on engaging POKMASWAS groups to take pride in their membership, and work to institutionally strengthen and operationalize the groups at the site level. The second aim is to identify and engage ‘champions’ as key influencers and agents of change in target societies. In FY18, 103 champions were identified by the SEA Project, including individuals from a range of sectors: fishers, spiritual leaders, coastal community leaders, youth and women representatives, local government, business people, and local academics. The third aim is to measure actionable change in the target audience based on the work conducted by the SEA Project. In FY18 three pre-surveys and rapid assessments were conducted to gather baseline data on existing behaviors in select target communities. These surveys revealed the majority of community stakeholders at SEA sites are in the ‘preparation’ phase of behavior change. The final (fourth) aim is to establish fora as important coalitions to promote and advance behavior change amongst constituents. In FY18 eight different stakeholder fora were established through support from USAID SEA and verified within the project. Increasing Incentives for Marine Stewardship To achieve the targets set by the USAID SEA Project it is essential to provide incentives to stakeholders to actively engage in marine and coastal management, and comply with interventions being implemented in the field. In FY18 the project focused efforts on developing markets for sustainable fisheries, promoting and developing sustainable marine tourism, and promoting preferential, managed, and secure access to marine resources. In the workstream for developing markets, the project achieved considerable advancements in the work of Fair Trade certification schemes for tuna fishers. Three new Fair Trade fisher associations were established in North Maluku (taking the total number to seven), with two of these successfully establishing product traceability systems in line with Fair Trade standards. Fair Trade Premium Fund investment planning and management support resulted in existing associations transitioning towards long-term community investment programs, and by March 2018, all seven fishers associations became Fair Trade certified. Based on this success, potential areas for Fair Trade expansion will be explored in FY19, and further market-based incentive assessments will be undertaken by the project. The establishment of large-scale Fishery Improvement Projects (FIP) through USAID SEA Project engagement of private sector members of the Asosiasi Perikanan Pole & Line dan Handline Indonesia (AP2HI) related to tuna fisheries in North Maluku and Maluku. Three further FIPs also commenced in FY18 in Maluku (Sawai Bay) and West Papua (South Sorong and Bintuni Bay), with the future aim of meeting Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) standards. In the workstream promoting sustainable marine tourism, five assessments were completed under the USAID SEA Project in FY18 to identify mechanisms to promote marine ecotourism in select project sites. In four sites where tourism enterprises are already active, work was undertaken to implement user fee systems for generating community revenue; and across Maluku and West Papua twelve tourism operators committed to join the Signing Blue initiative in this period. Of these commitments, eight operators are currently in the application phase, and four are undergoing due diligence (phase 2). Finally, exceptional progress was made in securing marine tenure and customary marine management practices to incentivize marine and coastal stewardship. Through USAID SEA Project support, all three provincial marine spatial plans (RZWP-3-K) have prioritized up to 2 nm from the coastline to be utilized
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xi for small-scale fishing (≤ 10 gross tons - GT). Eleven communities in Maluku have committed to setting up managed access (sasi) systems through locally-managed marine areas. Thirty-three locally declared TURFs have been established within two MPA sites in West Papua (covering a combined area of 44,849 ha), and planning processes are now underway at four new MPAs in West Papua to incorporate customary secure tenure into zoning plans and MPA designs. Advancing the Development of Marine and Fisheries Policies and Regulations In FY18 a range of support was provided by USAID SEA Project to advance the development of policies and regulations that provide the foundational frameworks to achieve many of the Project targets. In support of EAFM, a key achievement was the finalization of a white paper with recommendations for amendments to fisheries laws in order to incorporate a functional definition of small-scale fisheries and associated support mechanisms for this demographic of fishers. To support MPAs, a white paper was produced to recommend amendments to MMAF Ministerial Regulation no. 30/2010 on MPA Zoning and Management Plans, to address several weaknesses observed, and to prepare this regulation for inclusion in a single, simplified MMAF Ministerial Regulation for MPA Management. Other regulations that would be merged into this single structure are Regulation no. 17/2008 on Conservation Areas in Coastal and Small Islands, and Regulation no. 2/2009 on Procedures for Establishing MPAs. To promote MPA networks a white paper was produced on Securing Ecological and Institutional Connections in Establishing MPA Networks, with a follow-up white paper now in production (at the request of MMAF) to support the effective securing of Ecological and Institutional Parameters in the Performance Indicators of MPA Networks. To support MSP, work began on the development of an RZWP-3-K Monitoring and Evaluation Policy (which will be continued in FY19). To support law enforcement a white paper was produced on Banning or Reducing the Supply of Blast Fishing Raw Materials, and was used as input to the development of a draft National Action Plan to Combat Destructive Fishing. Support was also provided for the development of a draft Ministerial Decree on Community-based Marine and Fisheries Surveillance Systems, which galvanized considerable interest and has set the foundation for further extensive work to be conducted with POKMASWAS groups in FY19. At the provincial level, the USAID SEA Project successfully facilitated communications between the Provincial Governments of North Maluku and Maluku, and the local Parliaments (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah – DPRD) to process the provincial regulations for the completed marine spatial plans (RZWP-3-K). In addition to this, the SEA Project facilitated the transfer of MPA authority in North Maluku, Maluku and West Papua, from district to provincial jurisdiction (through the Personnel, Financing, Infrastructure, and Documentation or P3D process). Finally, the project successfully supported the inclusion of marine and coastal management considerations in the West Papua Medium-Term Development Plans (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah - RPJMD), with similar support anticipated for North Maluku and Maluku in FY19. Institutionalizing Training and Capacity Building In FY18 the USAID SEA Project successfully delivered on its overall targets for training and capacity building, with a total of 535 people receiving training across project activities. Trainings were primarily related to the themes of MPAs, EAFM and law enforcement.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xii The SEA Project also provided support for curriculum design, training program design, and technical content for two national competency standards (Standar Kompetensi Kerja Nasional Indonesia - SKKNI) within MMAF; one for MPA outreach (formally endorsed through Ministry of Manpower decree no. 96/2018), and one for marine tourism management in MPAs (Ministry of Manpower decree no. 55/2018). Work also commenced on a Specific Work Competency (Standar Kompetensi Kerja Khusus – SK3) for Port State Measures Agreement Training for Inspectors and Managers, which will be completed by SEA Project in FY19. Likewise, a modular training-of-trainers course for institutional strengthening of POKMASWAS was initiated through support from the USAID SEA Project in this year. Institutionalization of training and capacity building also advanced through the EAFM Learning Centers, with four centers now formally established (one each in North Maluku and Maluku, and two in West Papua). Skills were also enhanced through SEA Project support by the developing and trialing of a range of innovations. Innovative processes advanced under USAID SEA support in FY18 include: (a) the participatory planning process utilized for RZWP-3-K development, (b) the procedures developed for the participatory design and establishment of TURFS; and, (c) the mechanisms achieved for incorporating robust institutional management frameworks into policy. Innovative tools and technologies further advanced and trialed through the USAID SEA Project include: (a) fisheries data collection devices and system (e.g. I-FISH), (b) vessel tracking systems (e.g. SPOT Trace), (c) the design and development of an MPA Alert System based on Visible Infrared Imagining Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data, (d) the design and establishment of an MSP Geoportal Database (SEANode), (e) the design of an offline SIMKADA (Sistem Informasi Izin Kapal Daerah) information system, and (f) the introduction of non-equilibrium biomass dynamics (BDM) models for fisheries analysis. Project Management In FY18 the project management and cross-cutting components of the USAID SEA Project were successfully consolidated, providing a clear framework for the remainder of the project life. Eleven new staff were recruited to the core team (now totaling 42), bringing the overall number of staff supporting the SEA Project (core and partners) to 256. All work under a single work plan and project structure. Media surrounding the project advanced considerably, with a total of 93 media pieces generated through multiple portals (newspapers, television, radio, and web-based platforms) in FY18. Web presence was also enhanced through the launch of the project website (www.sea-indonesia.org) and through a Facebook fan page (now with 4,500 fans) and an Instagram account (now with 2,000 followers). Print publications were also boosted, through the completion of a three-volume ‘State of the Sea’ publication, and through the launch of a bi-annual project newsletter, ‘Talking SEA’. Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Two data quality assessments conducted in FY18 informed the final completion of the project’s monitoring, evaluation and learning plan, which has since been socialized, and will be used for the remainder of the USAID SEA Project. Final adjustments included increasing five of the Life of Project (LOP) targets to be more ambitious, based on the achievements of the project to date. In complement to the plan, a USAID SEA Project Indicator Reporting Manual was developed to provide easy-to-use guidance for reporting on the performance management indicators (PMI) targets, and to support consistent data collection, analysis and reporting across project sites and activities.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xiii RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF
Proyek 5 tahun USAID Sustainable Ecosystems Advanced (USAID SEA) mendukung Pemerintah Indonesia dalam menguatkan tata kelola sumber daya perikanan dan kelautan, serta upaya konservasi keanekaragaman hayati di tingkat lokal, kabupaten, provinsi, dan nasional. Dengan menggunakan pedekatan pengelolaan berbasis ekosistem dan melibatkan pemangku kepentingan yang penting, Proyek USAID SEA berupaya untuk: (1) menguatkan upaya konservasi dan pemanfaatan berkelanjutan sumber daya kelautan dengan mereformasi pengelolaan perikanan serta meningkatkan upaya pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas perikanan, ketahanan pangan dan sosial, dan mata pencaharian di wilayah kerja Proyek USAID SEA; serta (2) menguatkan fungsi kepemimpinan dan kapasitas Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan dan pemerintah daerah untuk menudukung upaya konservasi laut dan perikanan yang berkelanjutan. Proyek USAID SEA dilaksanakan oleh Tetra Tech dan konsorsium 13 mitra dan telah beroperasi sejak Maret 2016 hingga Maret 2021.
Di tahun ke 2 (Tahun Fiskal 18), dijabarkan dalam Rencana Kerjanya, kegiatan Proyek USAID SEA berfokus kepada upaya berikut ini:
mengkonsolidasikan mengumpulan data dan analysisnya untuk digunakan sebagai dasar dan acuan perancangan intervensi terkait dengan implementasi EAFM serta membangun pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan (KKP) yang efektif, menguatkan proses kerangka kerja kebijakan dan peraturan yang ada untuk melandasi intervensi EAFM dan KKP, serta mendorong pengelolaan sumber daya kelautan dan pesisir di berbagai tingkat tata kelola dan pemerintahan, mendorong proses kegiatan perencanaan ruang laut di provinsi melalui penyelesaian RZWP3K di dua provinsi dan memfasilitasi transisi dan perancangan dan pengembangan kepada implementasi rencana tata ruang tersebut, menguatkan proses dan kerangka kerja penegakan hukum di tingkat nasional, regional (provinsi), dan tingkat local, untuk mendorong perbaikan pentaatan peraturan secara sistematik, mengidentifikasi dan menggandeng para tokoh perubahan di seluruh lokasi kegiatan Proyek, serta meningkatkan kesadartahuan dan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam kegiatan Proyek. mengembangkan insentif untuk pelibatan dan pentaatan melalui serangkaian mekanisme berbasis lokasi, menyelenggarakan pelatihan dan kegiatan pengembangan kapasitas secara extensif bagi pemangku kepentingan, serta melembagakan program pengembangan keterampilan di beberapa tingkat. Dari berbagai indikator kinerja pengelolaan proyek (PMI) yang ditargetkan untuk TF 18, tiga-per-empatnya tercapai dan dari target indikator kinerja yang tercapai, sebagian besar (80 persen) melampaui target yang ditetapkan. Kemajuan secara keseluruhan di TF 19 dan kemajuan dalam usia proyek (Life of Project – LOP) dalam mencapai target disampaikan di Table 1.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xiv
Tabel 2: Capaian keseluruhan di T F 18, dan kemajuan terhadap target di akhir proyek (LOP)
Catatan: Kemajuan dari pencapaian target berikut masih memerlukan verifikasi dan/atau akan dicapai diakhir proyek: SA2.1b Menerapkan pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan (MPA).SA2.2 Jumlah hektar wilayah yang penting secara biologis menujukan perbaikan kondisi biofisik sebagai hasil dari bantuan Pemerintah Amerika Serikat. SA2.4 Hasil tangkapan per upaya (Catch per unit effort) untuk alat penangkap ikan dan lokasi yang dipilih. SA2.5 Perubahan persentasi dalam biomas ikan karang di wilayah kawasan konservasi perairan yang dipilih. SA3.1 Jumlah orang yang mendapat manfaat ekonomi dari pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan/atau upaya konservasi keanekaragaman hayati sebagai hasil dari bantuan Pemerintah Amerika Serikat.
Secara umum, capaian utama Proyek USAID SEA (TF18) di tahun ke 2 disampaikan dalam bagian berikut.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xv CAPAIAN UTAMA TAHUN ANGGARAN 2018 Pengelolaan Perikanan dengan Pendekatan Ekosistem
Di tingkat nasional, Proyek USAID SEA meningkatkan dukungan bagi pelembagaan pengembangan kapasitas di KemenKP melalui pengenalan model analitik terkini untuk melaksanakan analisis bagi kajian stok ikan. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah penyelesaian kegiatan kajian status stok awal bagi delapan lokasi di tingkat nasional, dua di antaranya berada di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (WPP) 715. Dalam mendukung pengkajian stok di tingkat WPP, mitra Proyek USAID SEA meluaskan skala kegiatan pengambilan data di lokasi pendaratan ikan, dengan melibatkan 57 enumerator di enam provinsi di WPP 715. Untuk kesiapan analisis yang akan dilakukan ke depan, USAID SEA Proyek mendukung Balai Riset Perikanan Laut (BPRL) yang memimpin proses pengkajian data dan analisis. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan protokol data dan kualitas yang lebih baik.
Tata kelola WPP juga mengalami kemajuan dengan ditetapkannya Dewan Pengelolaan Perikanan (DPP). Dukungan proyek USAID SEA cukup ekstensif dengan terlibatnya di Panel Ilmiah, serta berhasil memfasilitasi terbentuknya dua Kelompok Kerja Teknis Perikanan Provinsi (untuk kakap dan kerapu, dan untuk tuna) yang bertugas memberikan masukan teknis ke DPP. USAID SEA terus mendukung kegiatan studi di tingkat WPP, khususnya kajian genetika kakap merah dan kerapu, serta Survei Kerangka Kegiatan Perikanan (Frame Survey) di WPP 715, yang terkait dengan data kapal dan nelayan dari pelabuhan sebagai acuan bagi pengelolaan. Sementara itu, untuk keperluan jangka panjang, pengembangan sistematika pengumpulan data dan kegiatan kajian penggunaan logbook bagi nelayan skala kecil yang dilakukan di tingkat nasional. Di provinci Maluku Utara, Maluku, dan Papua Berat, dalam kegiatan pencatatan kapal diluncurkan oleh KKP dengan dukungan Proyek USAID SEA tercatat sebanyak 650 kapal dalam proses pendaftaran.
Di tingkat lokasi, mitra Proyek USAID SEA di Maluku Utara berhasil memfinalisasi pengumpulan data unit stok untuk jenis kakap merah dan kerapu di empat lokasi. Data ini dianalisis untuk mendapatkan nilai tangkapan per unit usaha (catch per unit effort –CPUE) yang digunakan sebagai data awal (baseline) yang digunakan sebagai acuan pengukuran efektivitas intervensi perikanan ke depan. Rekomendasi bagi strategi pemanfaatan perikanan awal juga dikembangkan oleh Proyek USAID SEA untuk perikanan karang dan perikanan teri di Raja Ampat, dan pengambilan telur ikan terbang di Fakfak, Papua Barat. Selain itu, USAID SEA mendukung terbentuknya 42 kawasan perikanan yang ditetapkan oleh adat untuk menetapkan pengelolaan perikanan yang dapat mendorong perikanan skala kecil yang berkelanjutan di Maluku dan Papua Barat. Dari jumlah ini 85 persennya telah mendapatkan dukungan formal dari pemerintah kabupaten berupa lembar dukungan pemerintah. Kawasan Konservasi Perairan
Di tingkat nasional, proyek USAID SEA telah berhasil menyampaikan usulan bagi perbaikan kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan konservasi perairan. Usulan perbaikan tersebut meliputi perlunya perumusan tujuan jangka panjang maupun pendek, kriteria dan indikator biofisik, sosial, ekonomi, tata kelola pemerintahan Jejaring KKP (MPA Network) yang berlaku di bawah PerMen KP 13/2014; kebijakan-kebijakan kunci yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan KKP (PerMen no. 17/2008, no. 2/2009, dan no. 30/2010) untuk penyerdehanaan menjadi satu struktur saja serta menggunakan kriteria dan indikator-indikator yang sesuai dengan pembentukan Jejaring KKP tersebut di atas. Penyesuaian-penyesuaian usulan tersebut sedang diujicobakan di sejumlah lokasi proyek SEA yang sedang melakukuan disain KKP selama bulan September 2018.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xvi Di tingkat provinsi, Tahun ke 2 ini juga mencatat percepatan pencapaian hasil yang signifikan. Seluruh lokasi KKP yang baru dan yang ada dalam portofolio Proyek USAID SEA diakui dan dimasukkan kedalam tata ruang laut. Selain itu, hanya satu KKP yang belum dialihkan atau dicadangkan ulang di bawah wewenang pemerintah provinsi, yang dimandatkan oleh UU 23/2014. Di TF18, kegiatan pengembangan jejaring KKP di tingkat juga dimulai, dan daerah yang penting bagi konservasi dan sumber daya perikanan (di luar KKP yang ada) telah diidentifikasi di tiga provinsi USAID SEA. Draft jejaring KKP Provinsi Papua Barat telah diselesaikan, dan jejaring KKP di kedua provinsi yang lain akan diselesaikan segera setelah kegiatan analisis spasial di WPP 715 diselesaikan, di TF19. Di sisi pengembangan kapasitas, kegiatan tahun fiskal 2018 mencatat kegiatan pelatihan perancangan KKP dan Standar-standar Terbuka bagi Praktek Konservasi (Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation – OSPC), pelatihan dasar KKP 101, Pariwisata Berkelanjutan, serta pengumpulan data berbasis masyarakat. Di tahun ini, USAID SEA menerima penempatan tiga Penasehat Senior KKP (masing-masing satu di setiap provinsi) berdasar kerjasama USAID DOI-ITAP (kegiatan kerjasama dengan Kementerian Dalam Negeri AS). Di Maluku Utara Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah (UPTD) bagi Pengelolaan KKP dan Kelompok Kerja Teknis KKP ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Provinsi Maluku Utara dan didukung oleh Proyek USAID SEA. Di Maluku, Proyek SEA mendukung pengembangan rencana kerja untuk pengembangan unit pengelola yang akan berlanjut di TF19. Di Papua Barat, Kerangka Acuan Kerja untuk PokJa Teknis KKP disusun. Pada tingkat lokasi di lapangan, pengambilan data untuk menjadi acuan perencanaan dan pengembangan KKP di 13 dari 14 lokasi telah selesai dilaksanakan. Data ini digunakan untuk mendukung kegiatan KemenKP di tingkat nasional dan kegiatan para mitra di lapangan dalam menyusun dan mengkaji teknis perancangan zonasi dan kerangka kerja pengelolaan bagi sekitar 50 persen lokasi KKP dalam portofolio Proyek. Rencana Tata Ruang
Dalam komponen ini, TF18 menghasilkan berbagai capaian penting. Proyek USAID SEA mendukung seluruh proses RZWP-3-K hingga dikeluarkannya Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Maluku No. 2/2018. Rencana ini telah mengagihkan wilayah lingkungan laut sebesar 31,9 juta hektar, dengan alokasi 1.081.727 untuk Kawasan Konservasi Perairan. Sejalan dengan itu, di Provinsi Maluku, USAID SEA Project mendukung seluruh proses penyusunan hingga dikeluarkannya Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Maluku No, 1/2018, yang lingkup 14,2 juta hektar yang didalamnya dialokasikan seluas 2.904.812 hektar untuk kawasan konservasi perarian. Di kedua provinsi, rencana tata ruang tersbut juga mengalokasikan dua mil laut dari gais pantai yang dialokasikan untuk perikanan skala kecil, terutama untuk nelayan subsisten. Di Papua Barat, proses RZWP3K diharapkan selesai di tahun fiscal 2019 nanti. Wujud dukungan USAID SEA adalah multi-tahap. Tahun 2018 digunakan untuk meningkatan kapasitas personel Kementerian KP di tingkat nasional yang diharapkan dapat mendukung proses perencanaan ruang laut selanjutnya di tingkat provinsi. Pelatihan peningkatan kapasitas berupa Sistem Pengambilan Keputusan Rencana Tata Ruang Laut (Marxan with Zone dan Sea-sketch). Untuk keperluan menangkap data pencitraan rencana tata ruang laut yang muncul dari semua provinsi di Indonesia, USAID SEA bersama kementerian KP juga mengembangkan sistem database/geoportal yang dikenal dengan SEANode. Sistem dengan versi 3.0 ini akan siap diluncurkan di awal TA 2019, turut memperbaiki sistem perijinan yang langsung terhubung ke portal Online Single Submission (OSS) yang dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Koordinator urusan Ekonomi. Penegakan Hukum
Di tingkat nasional, kegiatan penegakan hukum berlangsung melalui kegiatan pelatihan bagi inspektur dan staff management di KemenKP terkait dengan implementasi efektif dari Port State Measure Agreement. Selain itu, komponen ini menghasilkan kertas kerja yang merekomendasikan implementasi pelembagaan PSMA. Upaya di tingkat nasional untuk mendukung kegiatan Kelompok Masyarakat Pengawas (POKMASWAS) ditingkatkan secara pesat dalam periode ini. Proyek USAID SEA mendukung perancangan model yang standar
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xvii di tingkat nasional bagi Tahap Pengembangan Kelembagaan POKMASWAS, dan dukungan untuk inisiasi modul pelatihan untuk pelatih (TOT) secara nasional untuk pelatihan POKMASWAS. Pelatihan awal menggunakan model ini dilaksanakan dengan dukungan Proyek USAID SEA di Maluku Utara, Maluku, dan Papua Barat. Melalui pelatihan ini, POKMASWAS yang ada dan berpotensi untuk dibentuk diidentifikasi, dan statusnya dikaji. Dari kajian ini, diidentifikasi ada 31 POKMASWAS yang sudah ada dan telah dibentuk secara formal di lokasi USAID SEA (26 kelompok ada di Tahap I, dan lima di Tahap II dalam Tahapan Pengembangan Kelembagaan POKMASWAS). Selain itu ada tujuh kelompok prospektus (pra-Tahap I). Untuk mendukung operasionalisasi POKMASWAS, USAID SEA mendukung KemenKP menyusun kertas kebijakan yang memberikan rekomendasi kuat untuk penyesuaian terhadap Keputusan Menteri KemenKP No. 58/2001, Petunjuk Pelaksanaan bagi Sistem Pengawasan oleh Masyarakat (SISMASWAS). Rekomendasi ini dikembangkan dengan mengacu kepada kegiatan konsultasi di tiga provinsi. Selain itu, capaian dari komponen Penegakan Hukum adalah draft kertas kebijakan yang digunakan untuk mengarahkan dan masukan bagi penyusunan Rencana Aksi Nasional bagi Pemberantasan Penangkapan Ikan dengan Cara yang Merusak. Dalam penyelesaiannya, serangkaian pertemuan bersama para pemangku kepentingan di tiga provinsi dilaksanakan dengan dukungan Proyek USAID SEA untuk mendorong dibentuknya jejaring bagi upaya pemberantasan penangkapan ikan ilegal. Forum ini berhasil menyusun draft Rencana Aksi Daerah (RAD) untuk bagi Pemberantasan Penangkapan Ikan dengan Cara yang Merusak. Di Maluku Utara, kajian rantai pasokan bahan mentah untuk alat tangkap ikan dengan peledak telah dimulai, sebagai tidak lanjut dari upaya pemetaan perdagangan serta penangkapan spesies yang langka, terancam punah, dan dilindungi (ETP) yang telah selesai. Kondisi Pemungkin bagi Terciptanya Pengelolaan Laut dan Perikanan yang Berkelanjutan
Kondisi pendorong merupakan situasi kondusif yang diperlukan ada sebelum maupun seiring dengan pelaksanaan suatu inisiatif atau suatu upaya sehingga upaya tersebut mencapai tujuan dengan lancar. Berikut merupakan kondisi pendorong tercapainya pengelolaan laut dan pesisir yang berkelanjutan. Menciptakan Publik yang Berdaya melalui Penyadartahuan dan Advokasi
Pendekatan strategis ini bertujuan untuk mendukung perubahan perilaku individu dan masyarakat, sehingga berbagai tujuan Proyek USAID SEA dapat tercapai. Pada TF18, Proyek USAID SEA menajamkan dan mengembangkan penyampaian yang lebih baik terkait dengan target perubahan perilaku. Hal ini membuahkan empat tolok ukur bagi pengukuran tahapan perubahan perilaku tersebut. Tolok ukur pertama yang diidentifikasi dikembangkan untuk memastikan bahwa target pemirsa dari masyarakat pesisir dan pemangku kepentingan secara efektif terpapar akan kegiatan proyek. Di TF18, pesan utama yang dikembangkan dalam upaya penjangkauan difokuskan pada tiga kegiatan tematik. Dalam kegiatan tematik perikanan berkelanjutan, upaya penjangkauan terkonsentrasi pada (a) nelayan melakukan logbook, (b) penetapan TURF (Hak pemanfaatan wilayah adat bagi pemanfaat perikanan) di Papua Barat dan Maluku, (c) mendorong nelayan untuk mendaftarkan perahu mereka. Dalam tema pembentukan KKP, pesan-pesan penjangkauan diarahkan pada (a) dukugan masyarakat terhadap pembentukan 8 wilayah KKP, (b) mendorong kemajuan disain KKP di Sembilan lokasi kerja, (c) kegiatan pariwisata berkelanjutan di beberapa lokasi terpilih, dan (d) mendorong pengumpulan data berbasis masyarakat. Dalam tema mendorong penegakan hukum, pesan-pesan kunci diarahkan untuk membangun kebanggaan dalam menggandeng grup POKMASWAS untuk selanjutnya menguatkannya secara institusional dan operasional di wilayah kerja. Tujuan kedua adalah menggandeng sebanyak-banyaknya tokoh yang pengaruh atau tokoh perubahan untuk mendorong perubahan perilaku dalam masyarakat. In FY18 Di FT18, 103 agen perubahan diidentifikasi oleh Proyek USAID SEA dan mencakup individu yang berasal dari berbagai sektor: nelayan, pemimpin agama, kepala kampung, pemuda dan perempuan, unsur pemda, pelaku usaha maupun para akademisi dari wilayah kerja setempat. Tujuan ketiga adalah mengukur perubahan di level target sasaran berdasarkan semua
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xviii intervensi kegiatan proyek SEA. Di tahun 2018 pra-survei dan kaji cepat telah dilakukan di beberapa lokasi terpilih sebagai perwakilan. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas target sasaran menunjukkan prospek yang menjanjikan di level penyiapan atau sikap positif siap berubah perilaku. Tolok ukur ke empat ditujukan untuk membangun fora sebagai kendaraan koalisi yang dapat mendorong dan meneruskan upaya perubahan perilaku di antara konstituen para agen perubahan. Di TF18, delapan fora pemangku kepentingan terbentuk melalui dukungan Proyek dan diverifikasi. Meningkatkan Insenftif bagi Pemanfaatkan Laut
Insentif nyata bagi semua pihak untuk merasakan manfaat upaya pengelolaan laut dan pesisir amat penting untuk mendorong tercapainya tujuan intervensi USAID SEA di semua wilayah kerja. Di tahun anggaran 2018 ini upaya meningkatkan insentif terfokus pada kegiatan terciptanya pasar bagi perikanan berkelanjuta, pariwisata bahari berkelanjutan, mendorong akses pada sumber daya laut yang dipersiapkan berdasar asas kepentingan dan swa kelola.
Pada unsur terciptanya pasar, upaya Fair Trade bagi nelayan tuna menghasilkan capaian yang luar biasa. Tiga asosiasi nelayan Fair Trade baru telah terbentuk di Maluku Utara (secara keseluruhan menjadi berjumlah tujuh), dimana dua di antara kelompok ini telah berhasil menerapkan sistem ketertelusuran sesuai stadar yang ditetapkan Fair Trade. Selanjutnya premi hasil penjualan Fair Trade telah berhasil nelayan investasikan dalam program jangka panjang, dan pada Maret 2018 bahkan ke-tujuh asosiasi nelayan ini telah mendapatkan sertifikasi dari Fair Trade. Berdasarkan capaian-capaian penting ini maka ekspansi Fair Trade sekarang ini sedang dijajaki, bersamaan kajian dan penjajakan insentif berbasis pasar yang telah dilakukan di tahun ke 2 ini. Pembentukan Fishery Improvement Projects (FIP) dilakukan melalui penggandengan anggota Asosiasi Perikanan Pole & Line dan Handline Indonesia (AP2HI) terkait dengan perikanan tuna di Maluku Utara dan Maluku. Tiga FIP berikutnya juga dimulai di FT18 di Teluk Sawai, Maluku dan Sorong Selatan dan Teluk Bintuni di Papua Barat, dengan tujuan akhir memenuhi standar Marine Stewardship Council (MSC).
Dalam kegiatan eko-wisata yang berkelanjutan, lima kajian dilakukan olah Proyek USAID SEA di FT18 yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mekanisme upaya promosi kegiatan ekowisata bahari di lokasi yang terpilih. Di empat lokasi dimana usaha bisnis pariwisata telah berjalan aktif, diberlakukan user-fee system (atau sistem pungut biaya masuk wilayah) sebagai upaya untuk menghasilkan pemasukan bagi masyarakat. Sementara di Maluku dan Papua Barat, dua belas operator pariwisata telah berkomitmen untuk bergabung dengan skema Signing Blue Initiative. Delapan dari operator ini telah berada pada fase mengaplikasikan skemanya, sementara yang empat masih dalam proses penilaian kepatutan/kelayakan due diligence (fase 2). Yang terakhir, kemajuan pesat tak terduga telah tecapai dalam upaya mengamanan wilayah pemanfaatan serta pengelolaan wilayah adat, yang penting bagi penatagunaan wilayah laut dan pesisir. Melalui dukungan Proyek USAID SEA, RZWP-3-K di ketiga provinsi mengalokasikan hingga 2 mil laut yang dapat digunakan untuk perikanan skala kecil (≤ 10 gross tons - GT). Sebelas komunitas di Maluku telah berkomitmen untuk membangun sistem akses yang dikelola (sasi) dalam KKP yang dikelola secara lokal. Tiga puluh tiga TURF lokal dinyatakan telah didirikan dalam dua lokasi kerja MPA di Papua Barat (dengan total 44.849 ha). Selain itu, proses perencanaan terkait dengan pengelolaan akses sedang berlangsung di empat KKP baru di Papua Barat untuk menggabungkan penguasaan lahan adat yang aman ke dalam rencana zonasi dan disain MPA. Memajukan Pengembangan Kebijakan dan Peraturan Kelautan dan Perikanan
Di FT18 serangkaian dukungan Proyek USAID SEA dilaksanakan untuk memajukan pengembangan kebijakan dan peraturan yang memberikan landasan serta kerangka kerja untuk mencapai beragam target Proyek. Untuk mendukung EAFM, capaian utama adalah finalisasi kertas kerja bagi usulan kebijakan (white paper) dengan
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xix rekomendasi untuk amandemen undang-undang perikanan dengan memasukkan definisi fungsional perikanan skala kecil dan mekanisme pendukung terkait untuk demografi nelayan ini. Untuk mendukung MPA, dibuat masukan kebijakan berupa kertas kerja (white paper) untuk merekomendasikan amandemen Peraturan Menteri KKP no. 30/2010 tentang Rencana Zonasi dan Manajemen MPA, Dukungan Kebijakan Terkait, untuk mengatasi beberapa kelemahan, dan untuk mempersiapkan peraturan ini untuk dimasukkan dalam Peraturan Menteri KKP tunggal dan sederhana untuk Pengelolaan MPA. Peraturan lain yang akan digabungkan ke dalam struktur tunggal ini adalah Peraturan no. 17/2008 tentang Kawasan Konservasi di Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, dan Peraturan no. 2/2009 tentang Prosedur untuk Mendirikan KKP. Untuk mendorong terbentuknya jejaring KKP, kertas kerja sebagai masukan kebijakan (white paper) dibuat untuk untuk menggambarkan keterhubungan antara unsur ekologi dan lembaga dalam membentuk Jaringan KKP, disusul dengan usulan berkas kebijakan (white paper) lain yang sementara ini juga masih disusun (atas permintaan KKP) untuk mendukung pengamanan Parameter Ekologis dan Kelembagaan secara efektif dalam Kinerja Indikator Jaringan KKP. Untuk mendukung Rencana Tata Ruang Laut, pekerjaan dimulai pada pengembangan Kebijakan Monitoring dan Evaluasi RZWP-3-k (yang akan dilanjutkan pada TA 2019).
Untuk mendukung penegakan hukum, usulan berkas kebijakan (white paper) telah disusun untuk melarang atau mengurangi pasokan bahan baku peledak penangkapan ikan, dan digunakan sebagai masukan bagi pengembangan rancangan Rencana Aksi Nasional untuk Memerangi Perikanan yang Merusak. Dukungan juga diberikan untuk pengembangan rancangan Keputusan Menteri tentang Sistem Pengawasan Kelautan dan Perikanan berbasis Masyarakat (SISMASWAS), yang mampu menggalang minat yang besar dan penting bagi kerja ekstensif lebih lanjut yang akan dilakukan dengan kelompok POKMASWAS di FY19.
Di tingkat provinsi, Proyek SEA USAID berhasil memfasilitasi komunikasi antara Pemerintah Provinsi Maluku Utara dan Maluku dengan masing-masing DPRD untuk memproses aturan provinsi yang berlaku untuk rencana tata ruang laut (RZWP-3-K). Selain itu, proyek USAID SEA memfasilitasi proses pengalihan wewenang KKP di Maluku Utara, Maluku dan Papua Barat, dari kabupaten ke yurisdiksi provinsi (melalui proses P3D).
Dan akhirnya, proyek ini berhasil mendorong dimasukkannya pertimbangan-pertimbangan terkait pengelolaan pesisir dan laut dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Papua Barat (RPJMD), dengan hal serupa yang sedang diupayakan di Maluku Utara dan Maluku pada FY19.
Melembagakan Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Kapasitas
Di tahun fiskal 18, Proyek USAID SEA berhasil mencapai target pelatihan dan pengembangan kapasitas secara menyeluruh. Sejumlah 535 orang yang menerima pelatihan di seluruh kegiatan proyek. Pelatihan yang disampaikan terutama terkait dengan topik KKP, EAFM, dan Penegakan Hukum. Bentuk dukungan Proyek SEA berupa disain kurikulum, disain program pelatihan dan konten teknis untuk dua standar kompetensi nasional (SKKNI) dalam KKP; satu untuk outreach MPA (Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja no. 96/2018), dan satu untuk pengelolaan pariwisata bahari di dalam MPA (Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja no. 55/2018). Pekerjaan juga dimulai pada Kompetensi Kerja Khusus - SK3 untuk Pelatihan Kesepakatan Port State Measures untuk Inspektur dan Manajer, yang akan diselesaikan pada FY19. Sejalan dengan itu, Proyek USAID SEA telah mengembangkan modul pelatihan untuk pelatih untuk penguatan kelembagaan POKMASWAS dilakukan. Pelembagaan intervensi juga dilakukan melalui pembentukan Pusat Pembelajaran EAFM sebanyak empat pusat, masing-masing satu di Maluku Utara dan Maluku, dan dua Pusat di Papua Barat. Keterampilan juga dikuatkan melalui dukungan Proyek USAID SEA dengan mengembangkan dan mengujicoba serangkaian inovasi. Inovasi proses yang berkembang mencakup: proses perencanaan partisipatif yang digunakan untuk pengembangan RZWP-3-K, prosedur yang dikembangkan untuk disain partisipatif dan
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xx pendirian TURFS, dan mekanisme yang dicapai untuk memasukkan kerangka kerja manajemen kelembagaan yang kuat ke dalam kebijakan. Alat dan teknologi inovatif yang dikembangkan lebih lanjut dan diujicoba melalui Proyek USAID SEA meliputi: perangkat dan sistem pengumpulan data perikanan (I-FISH); sistem pelacakan kapal (spot trace); disain dan pengembangan sistem Peringatan KKP berdasarkan data VIIRS; disain dan pembuatan Database Geoportal MSP (SEANode); disain proses dan sistem aplikasi untuk SIMKADA offline; dan pengenalan model non-equilibrium biomass dinamik (BDM) untuk analisis perikanan. Manajemen Proyek
Pada FY18, manajemen proyek dan komponen-komponen crosscutting dari Proyek USAID SEA berhasil dikonsolidasi, memberikan kerangka kerja yang jelas hingga sisa waktu akhir proyek. Sebelas staf baru direkrut ke tim inti (sekarang berjumlah 42) dan di seluruh mitra pelaksana jumlah staf sekarang mendukung Proyek USAID SEA total 256. Semua bekerja di bawah satu rencana kerja dan struktur proyek. Prestasi rekam jejak publikasi proyek ini sangat maju, dengan total 93 potongan media yang dihasilkan melalui banyak portal (surat kabar, televisi, radio, dan platform berbasis web) di FY18. Kehadiran web juga ditingkatkan melalui peluncuran situs web proyek (www.sea-indonesia.org) dan melalui laman penggemar Facebook (4.500 pengikut) dan akun Instagram (2.000 pengikut). Publikasi cetak juga mengalami capaian yang signifikan, melalui penyelesaian publikasi tiga jilid ‘Kondisi Laut Indonesia', serta peluncuran buletin 6-bulanan, 'Talking SEA,' selain laporan teknis dan kegiatan yang mencapai 50 lebih dokumen. Pemantauan, Evaluasi dan Pembelajaran (MEL)
Dua pengecekan ulang terhadap kualitas data dilakukan di TA18 menyatakan bahwa dokumen pemantauan, evaluasi dan rencana pembelajaran (MEL), yang sudah disosialisasikan beserta penyesuaiannya, akan digunakan hingga sisa Proyek SEA USAID. Berdasarkan pencapaian proyek hingga saat ini dilakukan enyesuaian akhir termasuk meningkatkan lima target LOP menjadi lebih ambisius. Untuk upaya memudahkan pemahaman, Manual Pelaporan Indikator Proyek USAID SEA dikembangkan untuk memberikan panduan yang mudah digunakan untuk melaporkan target Performance Management Indicator (PMI), dan untuk mendukung pengumpulan data, analisis dan pelaporan yang konsisten di seluruh lokasi dan kegiatan proyek. Dari target PMI tahun fiskal 18 yang ditargetkan, tiga perempat dicapai, dan dari yang dicapai, sebagian besar hasilnya (80 persen) telah melebihi target yang ditetapkan. Secara keseluruhan, kemajuan yang dicapai terhadap target sepanjang masa proyek disampaikan di tabel 2.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | xxi
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | i
SECTION 1. USAID SEA PROJECT OVERVIEW
Indonesia is the world’s epicenter of marine biodiversity. These waters are integral to the country’s economy, with the fishing industry providing direct employment to six million people. Thousands of communities also rely on these ecosystems for food security and local livelihoods. Despite this, the country’s marine resources face widespread overexploitation and depletion of fish stocks. Significant threats include illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing, the use of destructive fishing practices, land- based pollution and unsustainable coastal development. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Sustainable Ecosystems Advanced (SEA) Project aims to improve fisheries productivity, food security and sustainable livelihoods through supporting the implementation of an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) within Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 715 and several adjacent strategic sites. The primary focus of the project is site-based interventions, but efforts also focus on strengthening the leadership role of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), and the Government of Indonesia’s (GOI) commitment to, sustainable fisheries and effective MPA management. The project runs from March 2016 to March 2021.
OBJECTIVES AND KEY RESULTS
USAID SEA Project aims to:
Support enhanced conservation and sustainable use of marine resources by reforming fisheries management and promoting MPAs to improve fisheries productivity, food security, and sustainable livelihoods within the target areas; and Support the strengthening of the leadership role and capacity of the MMAF and local governments to promote conservation and sustainable fishing. At the end of five years, USAID’s assistance will have improved the conservation and management of Indonesia’s marine biodiversity through increased capacity and the application of marine conservation and sustainable fisheries management. Specifically, the project supports USAID’s Biodiversity Conservation earmark, Feed the Future initiative, and Executive Order and National Strategy on Combating Wildlife Trafficking. High-level results that must be achieved by the completion of the project include:
At least six million hectares in the target FMA or sub-FMA under improved fisheries management as a result of US Government (USG) assistance, measured through the MMAF EAFM and MPA Effectiveness Index scores (or other approved national or international standards), disaggregated by national, provincial and district jurisdiction, and by whether the managed area is within or outside MPAs; At least six policies, laws, regulations, and/or operational protocols in support of marine conservation and sustainable fisheries management created, strengthened, promulgated, and/or enforced at all levels; and Key drivers and highest-rated pressures to marine biodiversity on a declining trend in the target areas.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 1 The project is being implemented through five core strategic approaches (SA), four key technical approaches (TA) with management and cross-cutting support.
Figure 1: The core strategic and technical approaches implemented under the USAID SEA Project.
The project is operating at a range of scales. At the national level, support is provided to MMAF and associated national agencies to provide the framework and mechanisms necessary to achieve program objectives. Regionally, support is being provided to the target FMA 715 to implement FMA-wide EAFM strategic planning and management as well as the establishment of an FMA-wide MPA network. Provincially, efforts are focused on the three most easterly provinces of FMA 715 — North Maluku, Maluku and West Papua. In each of these provinces, support is provided for both provincial-level planning and management, and site-based implementation. At the ground level, the project is supporting site-specific sustainable fisheries initiatives in 15 target areas, and promoting the establishment and effective management of 14 target marine protected areas (see Table 3 and Figure 1).
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PROJECT SITE- IMPLEMENTING DISTRICT SITE NAME ACTIVITY ID PARTNER NORTH MALUKU Morotai 112 Galo Galo / Kolorai / Daruba WCS / AP2HI Ternate 131 Dufa-Dufa / Bastiong WWF / WCS / AP2HI Guraping / Goto / Soasio / Galala /Tuguiha / Tidore Islands 123 WCS / WWF Kayasa Fisheries Central 152 Weda / Fidi WWF / WCS Halmahera 143 Kayoa / Madapolo / Lelei / Laluin / Talimau WCS / MDPI South Halmahera 171 North Obi / Bisa Island / Madapolo / Waringin MDPI Sula Islands 162 Sanana MDPI WCS / Marine Change Morotai 111 Morotai / Reef Check WCS / Marine Change Tidore Islands 121 Mare Island MPA / Reef Check 142 Guraici WCS South Halmahera 141 Widi Island WCS Sula Islands 161 Sula / Lifmatola / Sanana CTC MALUKU Huamual Belakang / Buano (North Buano & 222 WWF / ILMMA West Seram Kasuari) 223 Kawa WWF North Seram / Parigi / Gale-Gale / Labuhan / Sawai MDPI / WWF / Fisheries 212 Central Maluku / Aketernate / Kobisadar ILMMA 241 Ambon / Tulehu / Tawiri AP2HI 232 Bula MDPI East Seram 232 Grogos & Gorom Islands WWF West Seram 221 Buano (North Buano & South Buano) CTC 211 Sawai WWF MPA Central Maluku 243 Lease CTC 212 Ay & Rhun CTC East Seram 231 Koon-Neiden WWF WEST PAPUA Sorong 321 Klademak Pantai WWF 332 Konda / Wamargege WWF South Sorong 333 Inanwatan / Mugibi & Mate WWF 334 Teminabuan / Ampera & Sayolo WWF Babo / Manimeri / Aroba / Tahiti / Banjar Ausoy / Fisheries Bintuni 342 WWF Kampung Nelayan / Sayolo Fakfak 352 Fakfak UNIPA 313 South Misool UKIP Raja Ampat 311 Mayalibit Bay RARE 312 Dampier Strait / Kabui RARE / UKIP South Sorong 331 South Sorong WWF Bintuni Bay 341 Bintuni Bay WWF MPA Fakfak/TBD 351 Berau Bay CI Fakfak/TBD 351 Nusalasi Van den Bosch CI
Table 3: Full list of USAID SEA Project sites (September 2018).
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 3
Figure 2: Map of all USAID SEA Project sites in North Maluku, Maluku, and West Papua.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 4
The project is implemented by Tetra Tech and a consortium of partners. The following is a list of subcontractors as of September 2018.
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF- Rights-Based Fisheries Management (RBFM) and Indonesia): Implements activities under SA1 – behavior change in communities along the Teluk SA5 with geographical focus in West Papua and Mayalibit and Dampier Strait of West Papua Maluku provinces and a small role in fisheries province. activities in North Maluku. WWF-Indonesia also Indonesia Locally Managed Marine Area coordinates activities in West Papua. Foundation (ILMMA): Focuses on: (a) Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS): establishing a network of locally managed marine Implements activities under SA1 – SA5 with areas to promote sustainable fisheries geographical focus in North Maluku. WCS is the management by local communities; (b) lead coordinator with government parties in improving capacity in partner communities North Maluku. through the sharing of experiences of Coral Triangle Center (CTC): Implements sustainable fisheries; and (c) developing activities under SA2b, SA1, SA3, and SA5, and livelihood initiatives to sustain fisheries works primarily in Maluku and North Maluku management. ILMMA works on Seram Island in provinces. Maluku province. Masyarakat Dan Perikanan Indonesia (MDPI): Universitas Kristen Papua (UKIP): Implements Implements activities primarily under SA2a and activities to conserve marine biodiversity and SA3. MDPI’s scope of work is to enhance the enhance the management of anchovy fisheries in conservation and sustainable use of marine Raja Ampat, West Papua province. resources by reforming fisheries management Reef Check Indonesia (RCI): Provides direct through fisher participation in data collection for social and economic benefits to the local tuna fisheries, bringing Fair Trade as an incentive community through the development or for improved management and compliance. enhancement of community businesses, including Their geographic focus is Maluku and North nature-based tourism in North Maluku and Maluku provinces. West Papua districts. Marine Change (PT Konsultasi Investasi Kelautan): Universitas Negeri Papua (UNIPA): Applies Focuses on developing a tailored economic rate sustainable management principles to flying fish of return (ERR) methodology to optimize harvests in West Papua, promoting good investment decisions, as a tool to integrate governance to efficiently and effectively manage utilization, economic and investment models for the resource, and improve the income and target areas under the USAID SEA Project. welfare of local fishermen. Asosiasi Perikanan Pole & Line dan Handline The Nature Conservancy (TNC): Assists with Indonesia (AP2HI): Supports the creation of MPA planning and in the development of MPA incentives for fishers to be more aware of the networks for each province and across FMA tuna fishery and to better ensure its 715. TNC is working together with the USAID sustainability through their actions and use of SEA Project core advisors to build capacity at sustainable fishing methods. AP2HI engages with the national and provincial levels in the technical fishers in key fishing ports in Maluku, North aspects of MPA design to integrate MPAs as Maluku and West Papua. fishery management tools. RARE – Indonesia: Implements work to enhance Conservation International (CI): Assists with the the conservation and sustainable use of marine development of new MPAs in Fakfak district of resources by reforming fisheries management West Papua province, and facilitates the process and promoting MPAs to enhance fisheries for planning and adoption of the Fakfak MPA productivity, food and nutrition security and plan. sustainable livelihoods. Rare works to improve
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 5 SECTION 2. TECHNICAL APPROACHES FOR IMPROVED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
The USAID SEA Project uses ecosystem-based management (EBM) principles and strategies to promote the improvement of fisheries management in Indonesia. EBM promotes good governance and an integrated approach to conservation, sustainable utilization, co-management, and stakeholder engagement, while simultaneously focusing on multiple objectives at the appropriate scale. This approach is founded on precautionary principles, acknowledging that the uniqueness of interactions between ecological systems and resource users within each system are not yet fully understood, and thus require an emphasis on learning and adaptive management. Within this strategic approach, four technical approaches (TAs) have been identified for application at the national, regional, provincial, and local levels to achieve the USAID SEA Project objectives. Each of these four TAs has distinct national and local/provincial target counterparts, geographies, support teams and activities, which simplifies project implementation and monitoring. The four TAs that support this strategic approach are:
TA1: Fisheries Management (EAFM) TA2: MPAs Management TA3: MSP TA4: Law Enforcement
TECHNICAL APPROACH 1: AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
During the second year of project implementation, TA1 focused on developing and establishing the foundational mechanisms required to improve fisheries management at a range of scales. This has included support at the national level to improve systems and skills for fisheries data analysis and stock assessments. Support at the FMA and provincial levels has aimed to enhance capacity, improve and implement data collection activities (biophysical and socioeconomic), promote participatory planning in fisheries management, develop draft fisheries management plans, ensure the legal foundation for fisheries interventions are secure, and support long-term monitoring and tracking systems to assess future success. All activities under this TA have actively engaged the relevant government agencies in Indonesia, at both the national and provincial levels, to ensure mechanisms are appropriately and vertically integrated across agencies, and to promote ownership and leadership of fisheries management. Key activities are described below.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 6 DEVELOPING & STRENGTHENING FISHERIES GOVERNANCE
While many USAID SEA Project activities support fisheries governance and the building of governance capacity at the national level (see next page), structural and developmental governance support is also being targeted to FMA 715 and its associated provincial and fishery Technical Working Groups. FMA 715 Fisheries Management Council (FMC). The FMC has now been formally established under MMAF’s leadership. In order to support the functioning of this council, the SEA Project has focused on the development of provincially-based fishery-specific working groups, and the research agencies that will participate in the Scientific Panel of the FMC.
Figure 3: Overview of the organizational structure of an FMA Fisheries Management Council.
Provincial Fishery-Specific Technical Working Groups (TWG). In FY18 the SEA Project successfully supported the establishment of a snapper and grouper TWG in North Maluku (SK 523/256/DKP, 2017). The functioning of this group was launched through two regional meetings (February and May 2018), where plans between stakeholders were synchronized, and priority actions identified. Additionally, a large pelagic (tuna) TWG has been successfully established in Maluku (SK 523.3/2048/14k/DKP, 2018). However, active participation in this groups has been limited, and further work will be required to appropriately activate group functions. Scientific Panel. A range of governance and capacity support was provided to institutions that will be involved in the Scientific Panel of FMA 715. This includes representatives from the four EAFM Learning Centers that have now been formally established through support from the USAID SEA Project. These centers are located in Khairun University (North Maluku), Pattimura University (Maluku), Muhammadiyah Sorong University (West Papua), and Papua University (West Papua). In addition to this, considerable engagement and support has been provided to the marine fisheries research agency under MMAF (Balai Riset Perikanan Laut - BRPL) and the national Fishery Research Center (Pusat Riset Perikanaan - PURISKAN) (see further details in the next section).
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 7 STOCK ASSESSMENTS
Stock assessments are essential for understanding the status of a fishery in order to effectively inform and guide management strategies. Assessments require the gathering of considerable data, including: the extent of the fishery (distribution of the target fish), capture information on current levels of extraction in the region (including catch data, fleet, and vessel data), as well as information on the area’s oceanography, bathymetry, environment, and habitat. Findings help to determine effective management approaches depending on whether the fishery is underexploited, currently sustainable or overexploited and in need of intervention. Data Collection from Fish Landing Sites. In the USAID SEA Project focus region of FMA 715, landing site data collection has been underway throughout FY18, and has expanded in scope to cover 48 sampling sites distributed across all six provinces in the FMA. The work involves 57 enumerators from SEA partner organizations (WCS, WWF, MDPI, UKIP, AP2HI) and from BRPL. Efforts are focused on collecting data for demersal and reef fish, small pelagic fish, mud crabs, and tuna. All data collected is being submitted to BPRL, where a researcher has been tasked to coordinate all FMA 715 data. In this year, two data reviews were conducted. The first (in January 2018) was led by BPRL, and focused on reviewing data collection techniques, record keeping, data architecture, quality, and consistency across partners. The review revealed several challenges to address, including (but not limited to): (a) discrepancies in partner data, with some key fields incomplete (particularly data on fishing effort and catch composition), while other non-priority data streams were extensive; and (b) inconsistencies in data nomenclature (e.g. names of species and gears), making meta-analysis challenging. To address this, BPRL shared a protocol for data collection, and partners were encouraged to focus efforts on enhancing the capacity of enumerators and making corrections to terminological inconsistencies. In follow-up, the second review (August 2018) found improvements in the quality and consistency of data, and noted that partners were now covering all key variables. However, continued periodic data reviews are recommended to ensure data vigilance remains high, and outputs are viable for analysis. A full stock assessment analysis requires at least three years of good quality serial data. As the USAID SEA Project is only two years old, and data collection activities have only started in that period, there is not yet sufficient data for the targeted analysis of project sites. However, BPRL does have access to 10 years of fishery data collected by government staff across Indonesia (2005-15). Therefore, in order to make progress and build capacity for analyzing stock data, a series of workshops were held in FY18 utilizing this data. Workshop on Statistical Data Analysis for Fish Stock Assessments: In February 2018 a workshop was conducted to introduce staff from BPRL to a new methodology for undertaking statistical analysis of stock assessment data. This approach utilizes a ‘non-equilibrium biomass dynamics’ (BDM) model as an alternative to the ‘equilibrium’ model traditionally used in MMAF. The workshop not only introduced the theories of the model, but also engaged BPRL data analysis teams to use the model on real-world data from the field (as described in the previous section), as both a learning exercise, and to identify regions within Indonesia where existing data is sufficiently targeted and robust to execute a full analysis. To that end, data from 22 fisheries assessments from across Indonesia were reviewed, with eight found to be sufficient to provide statistically acceptable analysis. This included two stock assessment data sets from FMA 715 (small pelagic fish and reef fish).
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 8 The outputs of the workshop included agreement on the data needs necessary for executing BDM analysis for stock assessment, and on the use of BDM parameters in the formulation of fisheries’ management policy and strategy. In addition, follow-up activities to promote more robust stock assessment data were identified, as well as further capacity building support for team members to adopt the BDM model for future use.
SITE FMA TARGET FISHERY SITE FMA TARGET FISHERY 1 573 Demersal 5 714 Small Pelagic 2 711 Small pelagic 6 714 Demersal 3 712 Demersal 7 715 Small Pelagic 4 713 Small pelagic 8 715 Reef fish Table 4: The 8 data sets (from a total of 22 assessed) that were found to be sufficiently statistically robust for continued analysis.
Workshop on the Assessment of Fish Stocks and Fisheries Status in Indonesia’s FMAs using a Non-equilibrium Biomass Dynamic Model: In follow-up to the preliminary workshop conducted with BPRL (described above), in March 2018 a workshop was conducted to utilize the eight stock assessment data records considered sufficiently robust for analysis, and complete a stock status assessment using the BDM model. For this work, BPRL researchers were grouped into teams of eight, with each assigned a data set to work with. The workshop resulted in completed initial stock status assessments for all the sites identified, including those in FMA 715. In addition to this, the workshop participants identified preliminary management strategies for implementation in each of the review areas based on the stock status results.
Condition of Fish Stock and Trend of Fishery Biomass: Group Preliminary Management FMA 2016 Species Strategies Identified STOCK FISHERY Compared to 2015 573 Demersal Overexploited Overfishing Decrease Rebuilding strategy: 711 Small Overexploited Overfishing Decrease 1) No new licenses Pelagic 2) Adjustment to fishing efforts (moratorium, reduced effort, 712 Demersal Overexploited Overfishing Decrease modification of fishing gears) 3) Changes in population structure 713 Small Healthy Underfishing Increase Optimizing strategy: Pelagic There are potential opportunities to 714 Small Healthy Underfishing Increase improve efforts, however, the limit is Pelagic at MSY (effort when it can reach 717 Small Healthy Underfishing Increase optimal benefit) and where CPUE is Pelagic* negatively impacted. 715 Small Overexploited Underfishing Increase Status quo: Pelagic No new licenses; wait for stock recovery before gradually increasing efforts to optimum level. 715 Reef Fish Healthy Overfishing Decrease Effort adjustment strategy needed to reduce fishing efforts to an optimum level. Table 5: Initial stock status results of the eight data sets reviewed.
* Dataset for FMA 714. Demersal data was switched with 717 data for the workshop, as there were discrepancies in statistical robustness.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 9 In addition to the tangible outputs above, the workshop also initiated a review mechanism between the senior and junior researchers within MMAF who participated in the assessment groups. The workshop was supported by invited fisheries experts from the Research Center for Fisheries; Prof. Wudi, Dr. Duto Nugroho, and Prof. Badrudin, along with the USAID SEA Project’s Senior Fisheries Advisor, Dr. Purwanto, who provided technical assistance and mentoring guidance on the analysis, interpretation of findings, and policy implications for each group. Workshop on the Formulation of Reference Points for Fisheries Management. Building on the results of the previous workshop, two additional research support sessions were conducted in April and May 2018 to work towards the next level of analytical assessment. This involved estimating the risks of violating BMSY and FMSY * over scenarios of three and ten years, based on different catch rate starting points. The first assessment analyzed risk rates based on existing 2015 catch rates. The second analyzed risk rates based on the existing maximum sustainable yields (MSY) levels set for each fishery. The results show that risks are considerably higher under the MSY increased catch rate starting points, and even with catch scenarios maintained at the 2015 level, only two of the eight sites had a low-level risk (0-20 percent probability) of violating BMSY and FMSY in the future (2018 and 2025).
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FMA 571 573 712 713 714 715 715 717
Small Small Small Reef Small SPECIES GROUP Demersal Demersal Demersal Pelagic Pelagic Pelagic Fish Pelagic Current (2015) catch level 127, 892 56,634 270,899 241,200 187,503 123,100 54,654 42,103 (tons) B 3 2018 3 56 58 59 5 69 63 44 < B Probabilities years MSY F > (%) of (2018) 2018 0 25 55 48 2 72 67 23 F violating MSY B2025 < BMSY and 10 3 27 51 59 5 78 68 40 BMSY FMSY years F > (2025) 2025 0 22 50 47 2 78 71 22 FMSY MSY catch level (tons) 381, 500 103,600 277,600 452,100 262,504 119,000 47,180 61,030 MSY levels relative to current 298% 183% 102% 187% 135% 97% 86% 145% catch (%) B 3 2018 7 75 59 64 10 67 62 48 < B Probabilities years MSY F > (%) of (2018) 2018 9 71 58 65 12 68 61 49 F violating MSY B2025 < BMSY and 10 29 70 55 69 28 71 61 51 BMSY FMSY years F > (2025) 2025 29 70 55 68 28 70 61 51 FMSY Table 6: Probabilities (%) of violating BMSY and FMSY in three years (2018) and ten years (2025) under scenarios of (a) maintained 2015 catch rates, and (b) increased catch rates at the levels currently set for MSY in Indonesia.
* BMSY = levels of biomass that enable a fish stock to deliver the maximum sustainable yield; FMSY = levels of fishing pressure that give the maximum sustainable yield in the long term.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 10 In FY19 the USAID SEA Project will continue to build the capacities of key agencies to undertake stock assessments, and to use the findings to identify preliminary management steps required at the national level. Work will also utilize the findings of these FY18 assessments to further integrate planning processes across related government agencies, and enhance buy-in for the fishery management strategies developed. This is expected to trigger a need for investments to strengthen relevant agencies in order to ensure the systems being implemented can continue beyond the life of the USAID SEA Project. Genetic Study. Understanding stock unity is an important element of management. To that end, a Genetics Study is planned to explore stock unity for red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) and leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) in and around FMA 715. The findings are intended to identify to what extent fish stocks are distributed beyond provincial waters (12nm from shore) and FMA boundaries. Work commenced in early FY18 to establish the working mechanisms between the Indonesia Fishery Research Center (PURISKAN) and the USAID SEA Project, and to agree on study methodology, as well as the number of sample sites and budget (with PUSIKAN / BPRL supporting co-funding of the project). Planning was furthered in January 2018, where sample site locations were confirmed (see figure 4), and the protocol for data collection was refined. Following this, data collection has commenced (led by consultant Mr. Achmad Zamroni), laboratory procurement has been completed, and the samples being collected are being stored in the BPRL Genetics Laboratory in Bogor. This work will continue in FY19.
SAMPLE SITE LOCATIONS FOR THE GENETICS STUDY
716
717 715
713 714
Figure 4: The six sample site locations for the Genetics Study*.
* From left to right: Tarakan (North Kalimantan-FMA 716), Pagimana (Central Sulawesi-FMA 715), Wakatobi (Southeast Sulawesi-FMA 714), Ternate (North Maluku-FMA 715), Raja Ampat (West Papua-FMA 715), and Biak (West Papua-FMA 717).
FISHING EFFORT AND OTHER DATA FOR MANAGEMENT
To design fisheries management interventions, data is also required regarding fisher and vessel activity, locations of fishing grounds and levels of fisher effort. To capture this wider data a range of activities continued in FY18. Small-Scale Fisher Logbooks. Logbooks are a useful and important tool for fishers to self-document a range of fishery data including locations of fishing grounds, catch yields, levels of fisher effort, and vessel usage. Collection of such information is important to help gather data to inform fishery management strategies, as well as to monitor the status of a fishery and inform adaptive management processes.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 11 Progress towards developing a small-scale fisher logbook for standard national use has been slowed down by leadership changes in key partners including the Sub-Directorate of Monitoring and Analysis, the Directorate of Fish Resource Management (PSDI), the Directorate General of Capture Fisheries (DGCF), and MMAF. Nonetheless, several activities were achieved in this period. In December 2017 a logbook workshop presented the findings of a logbook assessment conducted by MDPI, and resulted in an agreed roadmap for further refinement, as well as recognition of the need for wider monitoring systems to capture information from small-scale fishers who are being exempted from the logbook requirement under policy. In February 2018 a larger follow-up workshop explored the MDPI recommendations further, reviewing simpler data point formats, data entry and verification systems, mechanisms to incentivize logbook compliance, database management, capacity gaps, as well as roles and responsibilities of stakeholders. It was agreed that the format for logbooks needs to factor in minimal data points for use by PURISKAN and other agencies. In May 2018, a study visit was undertaken to the Philippines (General Santos area), where the USAID OCEANS Project is supporting the launch of fisher friendly e-logbooks, the lessons from which can help to guide and inform Indonesia’s logbook format adjustments. In parallel to this, PURISKAN collated recommendations for the minimum data points required, and in September 2018 these data points were approved, enabling the revised logbook format to begin to be disseminated. Meanwhile, at the site level MDPI and Rare have been piloting logbook usage at sites, as required for Fair Trade certification (MDPI) and to support community monitoring of TURFs (Rare). Moving forward these logbooks are expected to be adjusted to encompass the approved MMAF data points and official format. Global Positioning System (GPS) Tracking for Small-Scale Fishers. As part of the efforts underway to identify key fishing grounds, and understand fishing patterns in key SEA Project regions, WCS and MDPI have deployed GPS tracking technologies (Spot Trace) on pilot vessels in North Maluku and Maluku. Ten devices are being utilized to track snapper and grouper fishers, successfully tracking and identifying common extents of fishing areas off the northwest coast of Halmahera (see figure 5). The remaining devices are being utilized to track tuna fisher activity, both for research purposes (to guide and inform fisheries management decisions), and as part of a traceability initiative, to trial mechanisms to meet Fair Trade standards. Through this work, Spot Trace results are being integrated with time-lapse camera images and records from suppliers and processors, as part of the ‘Trace Tales’ traceability trails.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 12 FISHING GROUNDS OF GROUPER AND SNAPPER FISHING VESSELS FROM TIDORE
Figure 5: A map of grouper and snapper fisher activity resulting from SPOT Trace technology trials in North Maluku.
Frame Survey. To complement the above-described mechanisms being trialed to record and document fisher and vessel activity, in FY18 plans for conducting a Fisheries Frame Survey were finalized. A Frame Survey is a census-based approach to collecting data on the structure of the fishery sector in a fixed area of potential. Data collected includes a port and landing site inventory, description of fishing and landing activity patterns, number and types of fishing units (vessels and gears), fish distribution routes, processing and marketing patterns, and supply centers for goods and services. Launched through a coordination meeting in January 2018, the Frame Survey is being conducted by a consultant (M. Badrudin MSc) focused on tuna, small pelagics and reef fisheries, with data anticipated to be collected from ports in North Sulawesi (Bitung PPS), West Seram (Ambon PPN), South Halmahera (Bacan PPP), and ports in Morotai, Ternate and Tobelo (North Maluku). In addition, data will be gathered from approximately 18 smaller fishing ports, distributed from Tomini Bay, across to West Papua. In July 2018 survey methodology was agreed, and site work commenced. This work will continue into FY19. Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) Assessments. Combining catch data, vessel, gear and fisher activity data (fishing effort) can provide CPUE metrics that are enormously valuable as an indicator of stock health, and as a measure to assess the effectiveness of management interventions over time. CPUE estimates require at least one complete year of data, in order to acquire overall averages that are not affected by seasonal fluctuations in fishing effort and other influencing factors. Across USAID SEA Project sites, 12 have been identified for snapper and grouper CPUE assessments. These are divided into three distinct ‘stock unit’ regions within FMA 715, based on bathymetric data and the Wallace line. Out of these 12 sites, four (in the stock unit of North Maluku) have completed a one-year data set in FY18, namely Galala, Guraping, Kaiyasa, and Tidore.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 13 The snapper and grouper fishery in this region is dominated by Epinephelidae and Lutjanidae, contributing 47 percent and 24 percent respectively of the total year’s landings. Using this data, CPUE analysis was undertaken, targeting vessels 6-7 meters in length; while data was available for a range of gear types, for regional synthesis and comparable analysis, catches from hand lines were selected for analysis (as a key common gear used across sites). The analysis revealed that catch rates overall (in kgs) experienced peaks in December (for Galala and Kaiyasa), and in August (for Tidore) (see figure 6). The results of average CPUE for the four sites, and overall for the North Maluku snapper and grouper ‘stock unit’ area, are as shown in table 7. Moving forward, data from the eight remaining snapper and grouper sites, as well as data from two sites for small pelagic species, is expected to be ready for analysis in FY19.
6.0 SITE CPUE (kg) * 5.0 Galala 0.7 4.0 Guraping 1.5 Kaiyasa 0.9 3.0 Tidore 2.9 2.0 1.0 Average Weighted CPUE for the 1.1 Catch/vessel/day Catch/vessel/day (kgs) overall North Maluku ‘stock unit’ 0.0 Figure 6 (left): Catch rates (in kg) of snapper and grouper in the 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 North Maluku stock unit (August 2017 to July 2018). 2017 2018 Month & Year Table 7 (above): CPUE for snapper and grouper fisheries in Galala Guraping North Maluku. * Based on kg of catch per day; gear = hand line; Kaiyasa Mean vessels = 6-7m in length. Tidore
EAFM Indicator Assessment. In FY18 further EAFM indicator assessments were initiated, as required under MMAF decree no. 18/2014. The sites of focus were Sawai (Maluku) and South Sorong (West Papua). Results of the Sawai assessment reveal an overall ‘moderate’ level of fisheries management performance, and these findings (and their wider background data capture) will be utilized when designing improved management mechanisms for the area. For example, from the findings it is clear that the economic objectives of local communities and stakeholders need to be more incorporated into management decisions. The results of the South Sorong assessment will be available in FY19.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 14 Domain Description Fish Resources Moderate Habitat and Ecosystem Moderate Fishing Technique Moderate Social Moderate Economies Less Institutional Moderate Aggregate MODERATE Table 8: EAFM assessment results from Sawai, Maluku.
PARTICIPATORY PLANNING AND INCORPORATION OF CUSTOMARY TENURE
Beyond undertaking assessments, and gathering data to inform and guide management, achieving sustainable fisheries requires extensive participatory engagement in planning and design (utilizing the data acquired) with a wide of range of stakeholders. While the USAID SEA Project is working extensively on large-scale fisheries planning for the whole of FMA 715; this is complemented by local-level planning, for the design and enactment of community-led management (and as a contribution to wider fisheries management goals). This is particularly important in regions where customary marine tenure exists, as in Maluku and West Papua. To that end, exemplar initiatives to promote customary custodianship for fisheries management have been implemented in these areas. Establishing TURFS in Raja Ampat. In FY18, highly participatory planning resulted in the successful consolidation and establishment of 33 areas to be designated for Territorial User Rights for Fisheries (TURFs). Extensive community-based planning activities, workshops, and wider stakeholder engagement initiatives led to this result. Stakeholders included fishers, community members, traditional leaders, district fisheries officers from the Department of Marine Fisheries (Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan - DKP), representatives from the Raja Ampat management authority (UPTD-BLUD) and non-Government Organizations (NGOs). Customary declarations of each area were facilitated by the Tiga Tungku (the three key village leaders: Village Head, Adat leader, and local religious representative), and endorsed by the Head of the Maya Tribe Council. In February 2018 the formal fisheries management units were established with representatives from all the above stakeholders, and with clearly-defined management roles and responsibilities. These TURFs were achieved in two sites in the SEA portfolio. In Mayalibit Bay, 12 TURF areas (locally known as Kawasan Perikanan Adat or KPAs) have been designated, linked to 12 villages in the Bay. These cover a combined area of 34,722 ha, with a further 15,680 ha set aside as no-take zones (reserves) (see figure 7). In Dampier Strait, 21 KPAs have been established, linked to 19 villages in the region, and covering a combined area of 10,127 ha. At both sites, harvest control rules have been established (see next page). Furthermore, the project is aiming to acquire a Bupati Decree on the Establishment of Committee on Recognition and Protection of Customary Law Community in Raja Ampat. This is drawing upon the Minister of Home Affairs’ Regulation no. 51/2014 on the Recognition and Protection of Customary Law Community. A draft has been prepared in FY18 for follow up in FY19.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 15
Figure 7: Map of the TURFs in Mayalibit Bay .
Customary Laws for Community Fisheries Management in Maluku. In FY18 work also advanced in acquiring customary laws for community management (Peraturan Negeri Tentang Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam) of fishing areas in Central Maluku and West Seram. Overall ten communities have been engaged (see full list in section 3, table 17). By the end of FY18, three of these communities had already formalized their customary management agreements for fishing grounds in Kobi Sadar, Kobi Sonta & Samal (joint agreement, November 2017), Aketernate (February 2018), and Hulung (May 2018). These agreements relate to the management of areas defined by fishing activity (rather than defined by traditional tenure). The customary laws have all been enacted by the Village Heads, with endorsement from the Head of the Sub-District.
HARVEST STRATEGIES
While work continues at the FMA and provincial levels to establish overarching harvest control strategies for the region, in FY18 work to develop localized harvest strategies for key fisheries areas and communities advanced considerably. The most notable examples are provided below. Harvest Strategies in TURFS, Raja Ampat. Following the successful establishment of TURFs (and reserves) in Raja Ampat, communities worked alongside the Fisheries Management Units to agree on fisheries interventions as harvest strategies for the TURFs. In Dampier Strait the TURFs were clustered into three groups with associated regulations developed for each cluster (see table 9). In Mayalibit, similar regulations have been developed as pertinent for each of the 12 TURFs.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 16 HARVEST CLUSTER CONTROL REGULATION CATEGORY Size Not permitted to catch fish under 300 grams Spatial or Fishing in sasi areas such as Warsrai, Yenpintereu; Sapoeyewen and Ayef is not allowed season closure Fishing on Sundays or during any other religious events is prohibited North Gears Bombs, poisons, pesticides, nets with mesh size < 2 inch, compressors, trawl, bagan and Batanta restriction gill nets are banned Fishers from outside Raja Ampat district are not allowed to fish Effort control Fishers from neighboring villages or other villages in Raja Ampat district may fish after getting permit from village leaders Not permitted to catch egg-bearing fish Size limits on fish imposed: Size Lalosi > 10 cm Mackarel > 1 m Groupers > 20 cm Lobsters > 10 cm Spatial or Fishing in sasi areas in Sagawin channel is not allowed Sagawin season closure Fishing on Sundays or during any other religious events is prohibited Strait Gears Bombs, poisons, pesticides, nets with mesh size < 2 inch, compressors, trawl, bagan and restriction fish traps are banned Fishers from outside Raja Ampat district are not allowed to fish Effort control Fishers from neighboring villages, or other villages in Raja Ampat district, may fish after getting permit from village leaders Not permitted to catch egg-bearing fish Size Size limits on fish imposed: Groupers > 20 cm Lobsters > 10 cm Fishing in sasi areas in East Salawati is not allowed Spatial or Fishing on Fridays (Moslem) and Sundays (Christian) or during any other religious events East season closure is prohibited Salawati Bagan can operate only outside conservation areas Gears Bombs, poisons, pesticides, nets with mesh size < 2 inch, compressors and trawl are restriction banned Fishers from outside Raja Ampat district are not allowed to fish Effort control Fishers from neighboring villages, or other villages in Raja Ampat district, may fish after getting permit from village leaders Table 9: Harvest Control Rules for three TURF clusters in the Dampier Strait.
Anchovy Fisheries in Raja Ampat. In FY18 harvest strategies for the anchovy fisheries in South Misool and Kabui (Raja Ampat) were developed following the results of extensive surveys and data analysis conducted for the dominant species, E. punctifer. Spawning per recruit (SPR) analysis, revealed that local anchovy harvests in the region were predominantly capturing mature-phase fish, and length- based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) found exploitation rates to be under 50 percent. This suggests that the current rates of local catch are sustainable. However, the studies did not factor in the visiting fleets of lift net vessels, predominantly operated by outsiders, which harvest considerably greater yields than local users. In consideration of this, preliminary management recommendations that will be further explored in FY19 include: (a) limiting the maximum number of catch, (b) limiting fishing areas, and (c) establishing limits to certain gear types (such as lift nets). Flying Fish in Fakfak. In Fakfak the results of surveys conducted in FY17 and FY18 revealed the fishery to be at considerable risk, with harvests of flying fish eggs plummeting in 2016 compared to previous years (up to a 300 percent decrease in yield), while fishing efforts increased. To address this, a range of preliminary recommendations have been made for consideration by stakeholders: (a) establishing a time limit for fishing seasons, (b) limiting the number of vessels, (c) limiting quotas of production, (d) restricting the fishing of adult fish, (e) establishing mechanisms for portions of eggs captured to remain at sea, (f) providing non-catch floating platforms for fish laying through to hatch,
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 17 and (g) standardizing the size of catch rafts. Recommendation has also been made for interventions to engage communities, particularly women who operate throughout the supply chain. These will be followed up in FY19. Snapper and Grouper in North Maluku. In FY18 several workshops were held to engage the snapper and grouper Technical Working Group, as initial steps towards the development of harvest strategies for these species. In May 2018 the TWG met to agree on: (a) priority fisheries issues, challenges, and proposed solutions for snapper/grouper fisheries management in North Maluku; and (b) options for the structure of the fisheries management body in North Maluku. In September 2018, the TWG reviewed the results of data collected through the province, and identified follow-up steps required to establish harvest strategies. These will be pursued in FY19.
VESSEL, FAD AND FISHER REGISTRATION
Finally, through support from the USAID SEA Project, considerable progress has been made across workstreams related to promoting registration as a means to track, monitor and regulate fisheries activities. Vessel Registration. Significant progress has been made in this area in FY18. At the national level, the USAID SEA Project has developed an offline SIMKADA system to integrate vessel data from remote areas with limited internet access. This enables data to be uploaded to a central database where operationalizing the online SIMKADA system has proven challenging due to connectivity issues. At the provincial level, efforts to promote vessel inventorying for registration began to accelerate in West Papua in March 2018, when joint action plans were developed by DKP, the Harbormaster Office and Port Authority (KSOP), the One Stop Integrated Service (PTSP), and USAID SEA partners, to initiate vessel registration in the province. This led to the first vessel registration taking place in Raja Ampat in April 2018 (supported by USAID SEA partner, UKIP), followed by further registrations in Bintuni Bay in July and August 2018. Work in Maluku province got underway in April 2018, and drew upon the West Papua model for implementation. The first registrations took place in Lease (May 2018), followed by Parigi. In North Maluku work began with a training program in March 2018 to socialize the process for SIMKADA. This was followed by several coordination and technical meetings in May and June, with registration activities finally launching in Ternate in August 2018. These efforts have resulted in the inventorying of 650 vessels to date (now being processed for registration). The work also built awareness and consolidated stronger coordination across the agencies involved, particularly DKP and KSOP. These achievements have also inspired other organizations operating in the province to follow a similar approach as a snow-balling effect to promoting vessel registration outside of the SEA Project target areas.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 18
Figure 8: Vessel registration accelerated considerably in 2018, with inventorying and registration events taking place throughout eastern FMA 715.
Fish Aggregation Devices (FAD) registration. Work has not progressed so effectively for FAD registration. However, some achievements have been made, most notably through AP2HI, which has developed an application for FAD registration for its members. In FY18 AP2HI added a requirement to its membership to register FADs, and although this is an internal registration system, with the database existing within AP2HI, nonetheless it is expected to provide lessons learned and experiences to inform wider FAD registration initiatives amongst partners and government. Fisher Identification (ID) Registration. Similarly, progress has been slow with regards to promoting the adoption of fisher cards (formerly kartu nelayan - now being revised to kartu kusuku). However, under the Fair Trade certification schemes being advanced in Bacan, Mandioli, Bisa, Sanana, and Parigi (see details in section 3, Strategic Approach 3), some progress has been made through MDPI successfully registering fisher association members. In summary, progress under TA 1 has advanced quickly in some key areas, while others require further focus in the coming year. Common constraints to work have appeared in the form of reductions in budget availability within MMAF (restricting government counterparts ability to engage in key work areas); changes in MMAF leadership resulting in re-prioritization of some key workstreams; and the time availability of critical government counterparts. In FY19 efforts will be made to promote investment into core priority areas within MMAF, and to continue to advance the core workstreams in the provinces, including continuing to build essential capacities at all levels to ensure programmatic achievements can be continued beyond the life of the project.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 19 TECHNICAL APPROACH 2: MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
Overall the MPA components of the project are advancing well and in accordance with the work plan, particularly at the provincial levels. The SEA Project continues to work on establishing eight new MPAs, re-designating and expanding three existing MPAs, and advancing improved management in a further three MPAs. The overall strategy for this technical approach includes three general workstreams:
a) collecting data and scientifically designing MPAs and MPA networks for fisheries, conservation and socioeconomic objectives to address specific threats and opportunities; b) engaging stakeholders (primarily local government, communities and resource users) in the full MPA development process, from raising awareness, to training and engaging in the design and establishment of the MPAs to reduce threats using culturally appropriate mechanisms; and c) developing mechanisms and approaches for building management capacity, including financing and otherwise supporting the implementation of MPAs. In FY18, significant progress was made in the first two workstreams. For the first workstream (scientific design) data collection was completed for 13 of the MPAs in 2017, and for the remaining MPA (Lease) in 2018. Results were reported and shared with stakeholders at the site and provincial levels in 2018. Utilizing this data, the design of the MPAs and MPA networks advanced through community inputs, provincial workshops, and technical review by experts. These evaluations led to draft designs for most MPAs, with expert technical reviewers providing guidance on MPA designs and management plans for 50 percent of the MPAs (7 out of 14), and included all local government and implementing partners so that they could learn the tools and process steps required. For the second workstream (stakeholder engagement), at least 10 of the 14 MPAs have documented community commitment based on intensive visits, trainings and discussions with the communities and local governments. The provinces support the development of all 14 sites, and are establishing collaborative teams (MPA TWGs or other fora) to review and advise the provincial Marine and Fisheries Agencies on the progress of the sites (as the new provincial management units under National Law 23/2014 remain in development). In FY19, work will continue to consolidate workstreams a and b, and begin to focus on workstream c.
NATIONAL
At the national level, the SEA MPA team focused on supporting the strengthening of national MPA policies, and coordinating the piloting of these polices at the province level, particularly for MPA development designs and plans. MPA Networks (PerMen KP 13/2014). Through a joint technical working group, a series of consultative workshops and small meetings were held with a wide range of technical experts and MMAF/KKHL (Directorate of Marine Conservation and Biodiversity), resulting in a new draft approach developed to define the goals, objectives, criteria, and indicators for the biophysical, social, economic, and governance aspects of MPA networks (with supporting technical justifications and references). The Policy Team now has this content and is working with the Ministry to draft the legal documents for formalization. This technical guidance was applied to the draft designs of the three provincial MPA networks being developed, as well for the design of the 14 individual MPAs being developed with SEA support, especially the large ones that actually serve as small networks.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 20 Establishment and Development of MPAs (PerMen No. 17/2008, No. 2/2009 and No. 30/2010). Due to the implementation of National Law 23/2014 that transfers authority from the districts to the provinces, the MMAF legal bureaus have identified the need to merge and revise these ministerial regulations into a simpler single structure for implementation. Several meetings with MMAF and NGO partners (WWF, CTC, WCS, CI, TNC) were facilitated by the SEA Project to share experiences and recommendations to simplify this MPA development process. An early version of this single structure approach has been drafted, and will be linked to a revision of PerMen 13/2014 (the Technical Guidelines for Evaluating the Management Effectiveness of Aquatic Coasts and Small Island Conservation Areas or E-KKP3K technical guidelines). The significant addition to the regulations is technical guidance, similar to and linked to that developed for MPA networks, with biophysical, social, and governance criteria, and indictors provided. These criteria and indicators were piloted in the form of an MPA Design Assessment Tool in September 2018 during a technical review of the draft designs of seven of the SEA-supported MPAs, to guide their design and development. All parties have agreed to define a common process for developing MPA management and zoning plans during the PerMen transition, and have agreed on a process for strengthening PerMen revision. A new regulation supporting this refined approach will likely be drafted by the end of the first quarter (Q1) of FY19 and is anticipated to be in effect by early Q2. Capacity Building. At the national level, capacity building support was provided to host the USAID- supported DOI-ITAP MPA Senior Advisors/Mentors in each of the three provinces. These advisors arrived in March 2018 and worked on sites for a month with the SEA regional coordinators and NGO partners (see the provincial section below for more details). Presently, a counterpart MPA manager exchange is in preparation, and after an extensive recruitment process, six Indonesian travelers will depart in late October 2018 for a six to seven week working and learning visit to one of two USA National Marine Park systems (Southern Florida and San Diego, California). Within this reporting period there were also some challenges in achieving all of the activities outlined in the FY18 work plan, particularly with regards to the following:
FMA 715 MPA Network Design. Although good progress was made at the provincial level of MPA network design, the network design at the FMA-scale has been delayed due to: (a) competing priorities within government agencies, with efforts focused on finalizing marine spatial plans in this period; (b) a need to create new contractual/partnership relationships with the experts necessary to conduct an FMA-wide analysis (while capacity continues to be built in- country); and (c) delays to the formation of the FMA 715 management unit (which is not yet in place to receive capacity building support or coordinate this activity). This work is anticipated to be underway by the second quarter of FY19. Defining National MPA Prioritization for 30 million Hectares. Originally anticipated as an expert workshop supported by the SEA Project, this work was completed by MMAF/KKHL directly, with some limited technical support provided by the SEA MSP specialist. Coordinating Sustainable Marine Tourism Practices with the Ministry of Tourism. This activity has been re-directed at the request of MMAF/KKHL in order to provide practice guidelines more tailored to MMAFs needs. To that end, work will begin in FY19 with Jasa Kelautan (Marine Services) and with MMAF/KKHL directly. It also may be linked with the soon- to-be activated national component of the Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) MPA Sustainable Marine Tourism Task Force with one or more of the SEA-supported MPAs serving as a pilot for the Task Force. Supporting the CTI MPA Regional Exchange on Tourism. This activity was re-scheduled by the host (MMAF/KKHL) and will be conducted October 2019 in Sorong and Raja Ampat. The
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 21 SEA team will provide three technical resource people for the week and will lead the coordination and implementation of the tourism technical content (approx. 30-40% of the agenda). Strengthening Programs for Six Priority Species (whales, sharks, whale sharks, dolphins, dugong and marine turtles). This work will be conducted at site levels and coordinated at the national level. Specific sites of focus are now being identified and species management will be included in the relevant MPA Zoning and Management Plans, based on guidance from the national MMAF/KKHL species office.
PROVINCIAL
Incorporating MPAs into Marine Spatial Plans. In FY18, all existing and new MPAs in the SEA portfolio were formally recognized in each provinces’ marine spatial plans. These plans (RZWP-3-K) effectively designate these areas for conservation activities for the next 25 years. The status of these plans in each province is as follows:
North Maluku — plan finalized and approved Maluku — plan finalized and approved West Papua — plan will be submitted for review in the first quarter of FY19 MPA Provincial Network Design Workshops. A workshop in March 2018 in West Papua launched the pilot of the MPA as well as the MPA network design guidance developed at the national level. The participants developed the draft goals, objectives, and design criteria for their provincial MPA network by adopting, adapting or refining the draft national guidelines. The participants identified, collected, and mapped known spatial information to identify potential linkages and gaps in the provincial MPA network by applying biophysical and socioeconomic-cultural design criteria. This provincial MPA network will be part of the first formalized national MPA network that will include a partnership with the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, MMAF, and the provinces of Papua and West Papua in the declaration of the Bird’s Head Seascape MPA Network and a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for collaborative management in early FY19. Similarly, on May 22-24, 2018, a follow-on joint workshop was conducted for North Maluku and Maluku provinces in Ambon. The process and outputs are similar to those described above from the West Papua MPA Network Design Workshop. Status of the network designs in each province is as follows:
North Maluku — Two areas of interest for protection were identified outside of existing or already proposed MPAs, and plans are being made to evaluate these locations for potential conservation designation moving forward. Maluku — Similar to North Maluku, two areas of interest for protection were identified outside of existing or already proposed MPAs, to be considered for further assessment. West Papua — This provincial MPA network design recommends expansion and inclusion of ‘existing’ MPA networks in the region (e.g. the Raja Ampat network, and a potential new Manta site network). Several areas of interest identified are already included in new or expanding MPAs, and have already been evaluated by site visits or experts’ meetings. Only a couple of areas of interest remain un-validated. Therefore, a Final Draft MPA Network is ready for provincial approval and will become the basis for the Bird’s Head Seascape MPA Network MoU with association management actions identified.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 22 Network design for each province will be finalized following the completion of a larger spatial analysis for all of FMA 715 in FY19. The workshop participants at both of these events came from various national and provincial government departments, research institutions and non-governmental organizations, including: the Directorate of KKHL-MMAF, the Provincial Departments of Marine and Fisheries of North Maluku, Maluku and West Papua respectively, the Universities of Khairun, Pattimura, Darusalam, UKIP and UNIPA, the Aquatic Conservation Area Agency (BKKPN) Kupang, the Implementing Unit for Coastal and Marine Management (PSPL) Sorong, the Nature Conservation Agency (BKSDA) of West Papua, Raja Ampat Management Authority (UPTD-BLUD), various Kabupaten representatives (particularly from West Papua), the MSP Working Group for West Papua, the Provincial Department of Tourism of Maluku, the Regional Body for Planning and Development (BAPPEDA) Maluku, the National Marine Conservation Area (KKPN) Raja Ampat, the USAID SEA Project, DOI-ITAP, and associated NGOs (CI, TNC, WWF, CTC, and WCS). Transfer of MPAs to Province under P3D: In this reporting period, the USAID SEA Project supported the transfer of MPA documentation from the district to provincial levels (P3D) as required under the enactment of UU23/2014. It is likely that additional (as yet undetermined) documentation or review will be required by the provincial DKP offices to re-authorize any decrees (such as reservation or establishment). The P3D status of the SEA MPAs in each province is as follows:
North Maluku — In November 20, 2017, WCS conducted a P3D data verification workshop in Ternate, where the district governments submitted final data which was then verified by the provincial government. As per September 2018, all districts in North Maluku (with the exception of Moratai) have completed the P3D process. Maluku — In March 2018, the P3D transfer from district to province was completed for Koon- Neiden MPA. Ay-Rhun and Lease were originally established as provincial MPAs, and Buano and Sawai are both new MPAs being established under the new authority of the province. Therefore in Maluku all MPAs have now been transferred to, or will be developed under, the provincial authority. West Papua — In 2018, Raja Ampat MPA was transferred to the provincial government’s authority. Since the two Fakfak MPAs were established originally under provincial governor’s decree in 2017, and as South Sorong and Bituni are new MPAs, all MPAs in West Papua now reside under (or will be established under) provincial authority. MPA Management Effectiveness Assessments (E-KKP3K). Although most of the sites have completed key steps in the process to advance them from red (level 1) to yellow (level 2) on the management effectiveness ranking, none of the sites have advanced ‘formally’ in this reporting period. This is due to the E-KKP3K criteria and PerMen 30/2010 currently being under revision. However, it is anticipated that most of the 14 MPAs will officially advance from red to yellow once the MPAs have been re-evaluated by the province in 2019. Table 10 shows the current status of each MPA. As this shows, progress has been made across all of the sites, with many of them having completed draft zoning plans, and management plan documentation currently being finalized or under review.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 23
Technical Assessment Tourism Reservation Site Visit Review AREA & Management Potential MPA STATUS / P3D Zoning Plan by MPA by (HA) Community Plan / SEA transfer Advisors NOAA, Introductions target TNC
NORTH MALUKU New MPA Decree In process, DOI, includes Initialized Morotai 58,011 Yes drafted; in reviewed TNC, Yes Yes/Yes existing (FY19-Q2) process Sept. 2018 SEA Rao Existing Yes, draft, but MPA (to Yes, before does not yet DOI, Guraici 95,086 Yes Initial draft No Yes/No* be expansion include TNC expanded) expansion DOI, Existing Provincial Mare 7,611 Yes Yes Initial draft TNC, No Yes/Yes MPA consultant SEA Initialized; Existing possible MPA (to Yes, before Draft in Widi 7,690 Yes private eco- None No Yes/No* be expansion development resort in expanded) development Decree Draft, Draft, Sula New MPA 123,436 Yes drafted; in reviewed reviewed None Yes Yes/No* Process Sept. 2018 Sept. 2018 MALUKU Decree Draft, Draft, Buano New MPA 33,989 Yes drafted; in reviewed reviewed None Yes Yes/No* Process Sept. 2018 Sept. 2018 DOI, Existing Lease 81,573 Yes Yes. In process In process TNC, No Yes/Yes MPA SEA Decree Draft, Draft, DOI, Sawai New MPA 114,294 Yes drafted; in reviewed reviewed Yes Yes/Yes SEA Process Sept. 2018 Sept. 2018 Ay- Existing 47,969 Yes Yes In progress Initialized None No Yes/No* Rhun MPA Koon- Existing Draft Draft 9,901 Yes Yes None Yes No Neiden MPA submitted submitted WEST PAPUA Submitted Draft, Draft, DOI, South New MPA 338,324 Yes for prov. reviewed reviewed TNC, Yes No Sorong review Sept. 2018. Sept. 2018 SEA Bintuni New MPA 66,921 Yes Yes Not yet Not yet None No No Bay Draft Berau Draft New MPA 99,018 Yes Yes, 2017 submitted to None Yes No Bay submitted province Nusalasi New MPA 248,272 Yes Yes, 2017 Draft Draft None Yes No submitted to submitted province Table 10: Status and summary information for the MPAs in the USAID SEA portfolio.
* These sites may have tourism potential, but are either a lower priority for conservation, or not yet ready for development. Therefore, they will not be a focus of tourism for the SEA Project.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 24 MPA Visions, Missions and Objectives. The 14 MPAs are in varying stages of progress, some having been established for several years, some not yet established. None of them have formalized and approved objectives as yet, however some have developed ‘draft’ vision(s) / mission(s) of the MPA that are still in development and review, and are objective-oriented. All sites will have conservation, fisheries and social objectives eventually. In the first half of FY19 most of the MPAs in the SEA portfolio will progress through formal documentation processes, and further objectives updates will be available in the coming year. MPA Design, Zoning and Management Planning. In September 2018, the SEA Project brought key decision makers from most of the 14 MPA sites (including district and provincial representatives of DKP and of national MMAF) to conduct a technical review of the draft design, zoning and management plans for half of the SEA-supported MPAs. This was intended to build capacity of the MPA development teams, to test the developed MPA design tool, and to vet some of the policy changes proposed at the national level. Approximately 50 participants attended the workshop, including almost 20 government officials, and representatives from eight of the ten districts that host SEA-supported MPAs. Members from the four MPA-linked SEA Project NGO partners represented approximately 15 participants, with technical experts in attendance from TNC (contracted to guide the design of the MPAs), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, guiding MPA management planning), as well Global Information System (GIS) specialists from various NGOs, and members of the SEA Project core team (to provide facilitation and technical support). Outputs included technical assessments and design strengthening for seven MPAs, and the advancement of management planning for five MPAs. Capacity of the provincial teams was also enhanced, to enable them to repeat this process for the other MPAs in the SEA portfolio as well as other MPAs in the future. Capacity Building and MPA Training. The project conducted several provincial level training activities in FY18, including:
MPA design and OSPC training — conducted in May 2018 with government officials, NGOs and university staff from Maluku and North Maluku. MPA 101 training — conducted by CTC in June 2018 for Fisheries Extension Officers from Maluku province and Kepulauan Sula (North Maluku). There were also two participants from local NGOs (Baileo and LPPM). Sustainable tourism in MPAs training — conducted by Reef Check, these trainings were conducted over an extended period and involved mentoring and supporting alternative and supplemental livelihoods in MPAs. Community-based data collection — supported by ILLMA. This training set the scene for baseline surveying and the launch of CPUE data collection at identified LMMA sites in Sawai, Maluku. MPA Resident Senior Advisors from USAID/DOI-ITAP Project. USAID SEA Project hosted three MPA Senior Advisors supported by the USAID DOI-ITAP Project. One advisor was sent to each of the three provinces, to assist the USAID SEA team, partners and the provincial government, as they began discussions and work to develop the provincial MPA management body and various individual MPAs. These advisors were deployed to the provinces on 01 March 2018 after an orientation in Jakarta, and they returned to Jakarta on 03 April. Their subsequent report provided insights on the design of the seven sites visited, identified training needs, and recommended including marine birds in MPA Management Plans, as well as other inputs.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 25 Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) for Marine Mammals. A second REA for marine mammals was conducted in FY18 with partners CTC and APEX Environment, focused on exploring oceanic cetacean migratory corridors in the Seram Sea. (An earlier survey in 2017 focused on the Banda Sea; this survey focused on the area west and north of Seram.) The survey was conducted over 10 days, and covered 1,017 kilometers of track line, with a total of 98.5 hours of daytime observations. A total of 48 separate cetacean group sightings were recorded, resulting in a minimal animal count of 1,248 individuals from 11 species of whales and dolphins. The survey confirmed Seram Sea as an important region, providing critical habitat for oceanic cetaceans, and combined with the earlier survey results provided a meaningful addition to understanding the abundance, diversity and locations of a total of 17 species, including the great blue and sperm whales. Recommendations emerging from this work will be followed up in FY19, and include the following:
Developing an awareness program (under SA1) for government and citizens in the areas of marine mammal abundance and biodiversity, to socialize the new information regarding the diversity and importance of these areas for cetaceans, and to encourage conservation of and respect for these amazing animals. Developing marine mammal viewing tourism programs with strict management, particularly for whales (to avoid whale harassment) as contribution to implementing Indonesia’s National Species Action Plans for whales and dolphins in selected SEA tourism sites. This will provide a safe, conservation-friendly livelihood opportunity for local community members that concurrently incentivizes sustainable marine management and MPA compliance. Initially identified SEA sites for this work include Morotai, Mare, Buano, Sawai, Lease and Fak Fak MPAs. In addition to this, the results of the surveys will be used to encourage and facilitate leveraged support for further cetacean studies in SEA areas and beyond. This includes working with licensed dive boats and their associations to simplify systems and build the skills needed to promote voluntary reporting of cetacean sightings to government data and management centers. Managing Endangered, Threatened and Protected (ETP) species: In addition to the cetacean- specific work described above, in FY18 the SEA Project identified the key sites where management of ETP species will need to be incorporated into MPA zoning and management plan development. These are (provisionally): Morotai (sharks, dugong, turtles and dolphins), Mare (dolphins), Sula (dugong and turtles), Sawai (whales, turtles and dugong), Lease (whales), and Berau / Nusalasi (whale sharks). These species represent six out of the ten priority ETP species for management identified in Indonesia’s National Species Action Plans. Further work will be undertaken in FY19 to consolidate these provisional findings, and incorporate best-practice management systems into MPA planning. Furthermore, at tourism related MPA sites, SEA project will explore the development of codes of conduct and related standard operating procedures for tourism engagement with ETP species. This will support site-based ETP management, as well as contribute to KKP/ Jasa Kelautan’s plans to issue a new PerMen placing best practice requirements onto dive boat operational permits.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 26 North Maluku
North Maluku MPA Management Unit. On December 27, 2017, the North Maluku province formally established an MPA management unit through Governor’s Decree no. 45/2017. This was the result of a WCS-hosted learning exchange between North Maluku and West Nusa Tenggara to learn about MPA development processes and the steps required to establish an MPA management unit (UPTD). Following the unit’s formal establishment, WCS facilitated a workshop in March 2018 to discuss challenges and opportunities regarding the development of capacity for the unit. Two major results of the workshop were: (a) an agreed roadmap to strengthen the newly established UPTD, including the provision of a short-term advisory board while progress for UPTD development is being delayed through uncertainties surrounding law 23/2014; and (b) agreement on technical assistance required, including capacity building for the preparation of at least one MPA management plan, and reservations of the MPAs in Morotai and Sula. North Maluku MPA Technical Working Group. As a result of the March meeting, WCS facilitated the drafting and TOR for an MPA technical working group that was established in June 2018 through a decree from the Head of DKP, North Maluku, no. 523/192.b/DKP. The MPA-TWG consists of provincial, district and municipality representatives of the DKP. The tasks of the group are: (a) to assist in the identification and establishment of new MPAs in North Maluku, and (b) to support the development of MPA management and zoning plans. To support these aims an annual work plan was produced in August 2018 identifying persons in charge, and stipulating the agreed permanent members of the TWG who will represent their institution(s) in all relevant TWG activities. The group has already reviewed the reservation documents for Morotai and Sula and will make recommendations for their formalization in early FY19.
Figure 9: Locations of USAID SEA Project supported MPAs in North Maluku.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 27 Below are the key draft visions (objective-oriented) of each MPA in North Maluku, and summary of key activities conducted in FY18. Morotai (Dehegila-Rao MPA) New MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect and conserve coral, seagrass and mangrove in the conservation area as habitat for dugong, turtles, shark, manta, Napoleon Wrasse and other reef and demersal fish populations that support local fisheries. Sustainably utilize marine resources that support diverse community livelihoods, and engage local and traditional communities to support the management of the MPA.
An initiation workshop for the establishment of a new MPA in Morotai (encompassing the existing 333 ha Rao reserve) was conducted in May 2018, involving local government agencies, communities, NGOs and the provincial university. This resulted in a letter of approval and support to the Governor of North Maluku for the proposed MPA from the Vice Bupati of Morotai, heads of government agencies, and other key stakeholders. In order to promote wider engagement, community consultations were also held in FY18 with representatives from 17 villages in the region (127 participants) through a series of meetings. These consultations focused on: (a) increasing understanding of the benefits of MPAs; (b) gaining support for the plan of expanding established MPAs; and (c) collecting comprehensive information on existing marine management issues, resources use patterns, potential conflicts of interest, local wisdom, and aesthetics of natural beauty that exist in the target area to inform and guide considerations of MPA design, zoning, and management. These meetings resulted in the communities supporting the idea of MPA establishment, and the site is expected to be formally designated by the Provincial Government of North Maluku in early FY19. Morotai received a technical review of its design, draft zoning, and initial management plans in September 2018.
Guraici MPA Established MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect near-shore marine biodiversity and habitats to enhance local sustainable fisheries, and small-scale marine sustainable tourism.
Originally developed for small-scale recreational beach tourism in the 1990s, this site has declined without continued government support, although the coral and fish conditions are still quite good. The North Maluku MSP defines a significant area that has been allocated for the expansion of the Guraici MPA. (Note, the spatial area of Guraici provided in table 10 reflects the area originally defined in the Kabupaten decree; the full area of the expanded Guraici can only be reported once the new boundaries are defined by decree, which will happen in early FY19). In FY18 efforts focused on ground-truthing provisional plans for the existing MPA (Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah Kepulauan Guraici dan Laut Sekitarnya) through a site-visit from expert advisors (from TNC and the US Department of the Interior). This led to draft zoning considerations and the production of planning documents supporting improved design of the region. These will be used to re-establish this MPA at the provincial level in FY19.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 28 Mare MPA Initiated MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect and conserve productive fishery sites, charismatic species (dolphins) and the natural areas of the island that support both fisher and non-extractive livelihoods including sustainable/eco-marine tourism.
This site has recently become the focus of work for the provincial fisheries agency, who have assigned Dr. Nurhalis Wahid of Khairun University’s Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences as a consultant (with budget) to support this site through the development of its MPA zoning and management plans. The SEA Project has offered to partner with this consultant through this work. There has been provisional agreement to re-designate the original MPA established in 2012 (Kawasan Konservasi Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Pulau Mare dan Laut Sekitarnya) to encompass a larger area, already allocated in the province’s spatial plan. In FY18 work has progressed towards re-designation, with WCS supporting the collection and analysis of ecological and socioeconomic data to inform zoning and management planning. The MPA is expected to be re-designated by the Provincial Government of North Maluku in early FY19. The SEA Project is targeting Mare as a potential integrated island site for tourism, fisheries and MPA management. To that end, additional work was undertaken in FY18, through partners Reef Check, to promote livelihoods and advance opportunities for sustainable marine tourism development (see section 3, Strategic Approach 3). In addition to this, Mare was selected as a site to further trial the Economic Rate of Return model (ERR) through partners Marine Change (see section 3, Strategic Approach 3).
Widi MPA Initiated MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect and effectively manage the rich marine resources of the islands as a base for long- term, sustainable economic expansion of fisheries and community livelihoods.
These uninhabited small islands have excellent corals and fish resources, and high tourism potential. Recently a private sector group has attained some preliminary permits to develop a high-end eco-resort at this site. This opportunity will be further explored by the province and district, with some potential assistance from the SEA Project and Marine Change (the latter being provided through other leveraged resources). No field activity occurred in FY18 in this regard, but early discussions have begun to consider what role, if any, the SEA Project may take in developing this MPA, its zoning and management plan with the provincial government.
Sula (Sumali MPA) New MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect and conserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions to enhance sustainable coastal fisheries. Improve local community livelihoods through sustainable fisheries and small-scale marine tourism.
With an incredible abundance of marine turtles, extensive mangrove habitats for fish nurseries, and as a site of manta, dugong and cetacean migratory paths, the MPA priorities in Sula are the conservation of threated species and sustainable fisheries. In FY18 Resource-Use Monitoring (RUM) and Spawning Aggregation (SPAG) surveys were conducted by DKP of Kepulauan Sula district with support from CTC and a local NGO (eLSiL Kie Raha). The results of these surveys, as well as the biophysical and socioeconomic assessments previously conducted in FY17, were then socialized at provincial, district
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 29 and sub-district levels. Due to the large number of villages within the proposed MPA (> 30), community representatives were invited to joint district and sub-district meetings. This resulted in the representation of almost all stakeholders anticipated to be involved in the development of Sula MPA, including: the Sula District Planning Bureau, Tourism Office, Fisheries Office, Environmental Office, village and sub-district heads, marine police, and local NGOs. These meetings resulted in high levels of interest, but low levels of clarity with regards to the benefits of the MPA. To address this, CTC conducted MPA 101 training with 50 community leaders in May 2018, after which a number of community follow-up actions were proposed, and the training participants signed a statement in support of the MPA. Training was also provided to technical staff in the region in the use of OSPC and Miradi. Preliminary MARXAN analysis was also initiated, leading to the production of preliminary boundaries, zoning and management plan documentation. These were reviewed and ground-truthed in August 2018, when it was found the boundary marker points were too many and impracticable, and agreements were made that these should be revised further. Two public consultation events were also held to socialize the planned MPA in Sanana and Ternate (May 2018). These resulted in an endorsement letter being signed by community representatives to support the advancement of the MPA declaration. In August 2018 the reservation documents were discussed and reviewed by the North Maluku MPA-TWG, and are now pending further revision based on the feedback received. The MPA received a technical review of its draft design, zoning and management plans in September 2018, and the reservation documents are now being finalized for presentation to the North Maluku government for action.
Maluku
MPA Roadmap and Management Mechanism. In FY18, with support from WWF-Indonesia, the Maluku Provincial Marine and Fisheries Agency agreed on a management body and a timeline to establish the provincial MPAs under the new authority mechanism. This included the appointment of an Acting Head of Maluku Provincial Marine and Fisheries Branch for each island cluster (cabang dinas), to enable site-specific advancements (with the positions valid to December 2018). Milestones initially set under this roadmap have so far not been achieved due to various issues. However, the level of engagement and willingness from all parties engaged in this process shows positive advancement in the region, and sets a precedent for furtherance of goals moving forward. The Establishment of Locally Managed Marine Areas. In addition to the five formal MPAs being established under this technical approach, partners from the ILMMA network are promoting wider secure tenure and spatial conservation management through the establishment of community-based MPAs. In FY18, ILLMA continued socializing activities related to acquiring community agreements for the sites. To date, 11 communities (four in Central Maluku, and seven in West Seram) have been engaged, and have designated managed access areas (sasi sites) covering a combined total of more than 1,300 ha. The sites are distributed across the community-designated fishing areas of more than 75,000 ha (see section 3, Strategic Approach 3 for more information).
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 30
Figure 10: Locations of USAID SEA Project supported MPAs in Maluku.
Below are the key draft visions (objective-oriented) of each MPA in Maluku, and summary of key activities conducted in FY18.
Buano MPA New MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect and conserve important biodiversity and ecosystem functions to improve fishery productivity and local livelihoods. Consider and develop compatible small-scale sustainable marine tourism.
FY18 focused on socializing the results of the various surveys conducted in FY17, and gathering participatory input on MPA establishment. Consultations were conducted at the district level (with key government stakeholders, including the West Seram Planning Bureau, Tourism Office, Fisheries Office, Environmental Office, Negeri, Village and Sub-District Heads, and marine police), and at the sub-district and village levels (with meetings held in 6 sub-villages, and involving 337 community participants). These socialization efforts resulted in support, in principle, to the establishment of this new MPA. Key considerations voiced through the process include a desire to recognize the critical role of indigenous people in the area, and to ensure the model or nomenclature of the MPA considers local social dynamics. Coordination between security forces and local supervision teams needs to be strengthened to address the destructive fishing practices taking place in Buano waters (including bomb fishing), and boundary considerations need to incorporate adat community considerations of traditional tenure (with a draft customary tenure map developed through these consultations). To further incorporate the above feedback in the design of the MPA, training for OSPC Miradi was provided to local government stakeholders in May 2018, resulting in a preliminary MPA map, zonation plan, and management documents. These were then disseminated through a second round of
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 31 consultations, along with the provision of MPA 101 training to community members from the target villages. Design efforts continued with RUM surveys and SPAG site assessments in August 2018, and participatory mapping processes were conducted for consideration in the next-phase zone planning. Community members in the area have produced an endorsement letter to support MPA reservation, and in the next phase of the work further capacity building efforts will be undertaken to finalize MPA declaration, design, and management planning with all key stakeholders. Buano was one of the MPAs that received a technical review for the design, zoning, and management plan in September 2018 by NOAA and TNC.
Sawai MPA New MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Improve biodiversity, and fisheries by decreasing destructive and overfishing using POKWASMAS and village regulations, and for adaptive management; Improve community well-being from increased income from fisheries and small-scale marine tourism.
In FY18 Sawai MPA progressed considerably. Utilizing the results of wide-ranging surveys and studies conducted in FY17, extensive public consultations were held in this reporting period, involving 11 of the 15 target villages, and implemented by DKP of Maluku, the Fisheries Agency of Central Maluku District, the EAFM learning center at the University of Pattimura, and WWF-Indonesia. Consultations were conducted in accordance with PerMen no. 2/2009 on procedures required for the establishment of an MPA. These consultations resulted in approval of the baseline surveys that informed the preliminary MPA design and management, and support from the communities to establish the MPA. Building on this momentum, routine resource-use monitoring activities were undertaken over a five- month period to gather further data on resource utilization patterns for both extractive use (fisheries) and non-extractive use (tourism). This study revealed that 99 percent of fishers active in the region were from communities within the bay, who operated relatively close to shore in small boats or canoes, with fishing trips generally undertaken from dawn to noon. Based on the results of the RUM, combined with previous biophysical and socioeconomic surveys conducted in FY17, an area of 106,249 ha was recommended for inclusion within the new MPA, covering 2 sub-districts and 15 villages (note: the Decision Statement [Surat Keputusan - SK] is currently for an area of 114,294 ha). This area encompasses target critical habitat, key protected marine species areas, and important community fishing grounds. Within this area, MARXAN spatial analysis was then conducted to help recommend the best areas for various zones, with fish home-range modeling used to inform zonation size. This has resulted in a preliminary zonation map identifying four key areas for consideration as no-take zones (NTZs). These cover a combined area of 5,357 ha, which is 2.3 percent of the total MPA area, and is therefore in accordance with the MMAF mandate that NTZs cover at least 2 percent of a site. Utilizing these findings, a second phase of government and public consultations were conducted, resulting in government agreement to the proposed boundaries and categorizations of the MPA, and signature-support from approximately 50 percent of the communities who attended consultative meetings for the proposed MPA design. The remaining communities requested some further adaptations to the zoning (including a request to incorporate indigenous territories under core zone status in Horale). Therefore, follow up consultations and continued participatory planning will be required to achieve consensus. Nonetheless agreement has been reached for the establishment of the site (to be called Taman Pulau Kecil Seram Utara dan Seram Utara Barat dan Perairan di Sekitarnya) and the production
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 32 of formal documentation is underway for the site to achieve reservation status in FY19. Sawai received site visits by DOI and SEA Project advisors, and a technical review of its design, zoning and management plan in September 2018 by NOAA and TNC; it is a target site for Marine Change’s economic modeling (see section 3, Strategic Approach 3) and also for the SEA Project’s ecotourism interventions.
Lease MPA Initiated MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect and effectively manage high quality coral reefs habitats for local fisheries, small-scale marine eco-tourism and develop as a learning platform for MPA network practitioners.
In FY18 key survey work was undertaken to fill existing gaps in data at the Lease site (despite it already receiving reservation status). This included the gathering of key biophysical data on fish, reef ecosystems, seagrass and mangrove ecosystems; and socioeconomic data covering 741 households and 1,014 individuals. In addition, RUM and SPAG surveying was undertaken to inform and guide MPA design. Key capacity gaps were addressed in this period, with CTC providing MPA 101 training to 52 community leaders, resulting in a number of proposed community actions to support the MPA. Training was provided to local government stakeholders in OSPC Miradi, resulting in the production of preliminary MPA zonation and management documentation. Public consultations were then undertaken at the sub-district level, the results of which will lead to further refinement of the management documentation in early FY19, with a provisional MPA management team identified for further advancement at this time. Lease received sites visits by DOI, TNC and SEA Project advisors; it is a target site for Marine Change’s economic modeling (see section 3, Strategic Approach 3) and also for SEA’s ecotourism interventions.
Ay-Rhun MPA Initiated MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect unique and diverse marine habitats, and develop compatible local marine fisheries and small-scale sustainable marine tourism.
Ay-Rhun. Ay and Rhun are a pair of islands adjacent to the Banda MPA; they have a separate MPA designation and decree signed by the Governor so did not require P3D transfer. CTC is developing this site in partnership with other funding in addition to the SEA project, in part because it lies in FMA 714. For this year, the focus has been on developing their community-patrolling program, and - for the SEA team - beginning the development of an MPA business plan. To that end, an early review and study was conducted with CTC and Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) on the options and funding needs of the MPA. In addition, a Master’s student did a comparative review of the community-patrolling programs in Koon/Neiden and Ay-Rhun. The SEA Project will be supporting the development of the MPA’s zoning and management plan in FY19.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 33 Koon-Neiden MPA Initiated MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Enhance demersal and small pelagic fisheries by protecting spawning aggregation sites and developing harvest control systems locally. Utilize island natural and historic features to develop small-scale sustainable marine and research tourism.
Koon-Neiden. Historically, the Koon-Neiden MPA reservation status fell under the Bupati Seram Timur Decree (2014), but in FY18, after extensive discussions and negotiations, it officially obtained a revised reservation status under Maluku Governor Decree no. 75a/ 2018. This decree assigns the Maluku Provincial Marine and Fisheries Agency to conduct all preparations needed to establish effective management for the site, with the key next steps identified as: (a) developing and finalizing the Koon- Neiden MPA management plan, (b) acquiring approval of the proposed MPA establishment with MMAF, (c) managing the MPA in accordance with the management plan, and (d) socializing the MPA to all related and respective stakeholders. To support the first of these steps (management planning), WWF-Indonesia worked in partnership with local communities (through the adat institutions of Koon, Gorom, and Grogos islands) as well as government stakeholders, to undertake a range of surveys. This included reef health monitoring, fish surveying and SPAG assessments (resulting in the identification of key areas of critical habitat and spawning behavior in six commercially-important species), as well as RUM to help identify key areas of extractive and non-extractive utilization. The results of these assessments will support the Maluku Provincial Marine and Fisheries Agency to further the steps required for effective management of the area under the new governor’s decree. As noted above, Koon was also included in a Master student’s comparative review of community patrolling with Ay-Rhun. In September, Koon MPA received a technical review of its design and zoning plan by TNC, and is one of the seven MPAs that SEA will target for small-scale ecotourism activities.
West Papua
Development of MPA Network Management Plan and Technical Working Group. When the MPA network design for West Papua was nearing completion, there was a strategic decision to merge the work of the public consultation and drafting of the MPA network regulations with the RZWP-3-K process, thereby leveraging the work and adding institutional strength to the MPA network design (since the marine spatial plan was being prioritized by the government). However, since a provincial marine management body has not yet been established, to advance this process, the SEA team and its partners are working to modify the draft terms of reference for the TWG’s approval in early FY19. This would help facilitate completion of the provincial MPA network design, and advance progress towards developing the requested MoUs between the Ministry of Marine Affairs and the Bird’s Head Seascape MPA Network (together with the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the Ministry of Marine Affairs, and the province of Papua).
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 34
Figure 11: Locations of USAID SEA Project supported MPAs in West Papua.
Below are the key draft visions (objective-oriented) of each MPA in West Papua, and summary of key activities conducted in FY18.
South Sorong MPA New MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect and manage biodiversity and sustainable community-based fisheries in predominately mangrove and estuarine habitat for community well-being and climate change resiliency.
In FY18 the South Sorong MPA advanced through the initiation phase. Three sets of major public consultations took place in this period. Consultation phase 1 was implemented in seven target coastal villages to engage and involve communities and adat institutions through the socializing of baseline survey results from FY17. This resulted in agreement from traditional leaders, community and religious leaders, youth leaders, women’s groups and fisher’s groups for the formation of the MPA. It was also decided at these consultations that in parallel with formal government systems, the major tribes and indigenous peoples / adat institutions of the region would develop a joint decree of adat declaration to support the MPA, and would work with the South Sorong Regency government to initiate formal MPA proposal. These findings were supported in consultation phase II with local government representatives, where it was stipulated that the stages of MPA development would be fully participatory, and that future MPA management (including monitoring and surveillance of fisheries and marine resources) would be carried out in collaboration with indigenous peoples. It was also recommended that the MPA should effectively consider and regulate the use of mangrove forests, harvesting of fish, shrimp and crab species, and support the conservation of wider marine biota, as well as recognize indigenous fishing areas and protected species areas, in order to maximize benefits for all the people in South Sorong districts and its surrounds.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 35 Taking onboard these outputs, primary and secondary data was collected and collated in FY18 (including biophysical and socioeconomic data, as well as remote sensing analysis and oceanographic data) to inform and guide preliminary MPA design. MARXAN analysis was conducted, alongside further participatory engagement with key government representatives and associated stakeholders, resulting in a proposed MPA area of 338,323.99 ha, and a recognition that existing terrestrially-based conservation would need to be complemented with wider traditional forms of management in order to effectively manage the estuarine systems of the region. These findings were supported by an adat declaration in August 2018 in Konda-Wamargege Village, attended by representatives from nearly all of the coastal communities in South Sorong district, as well as local and provincial government representations. The declaration states the indigenous peoples support for the MPA. Moving forward, work is underway to finalize the preparation of formal supporting documents in order to attain the governor’s decree for the MPA reservation. South Sorong has hosted site visits for DOI, TNC, and SEA advisors, and was one of the MPAs that received a technical review of its design, zoning and management plans by TNC and NOAA in September 2018.
Bintuni Bay MPA New MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect and manage mangrove habitats to enhance sustainable marine fisheries. (Note: this MPA has not yet defined its boundaries or vision)
In FY18 MPA progress at Bintuni Bay suffered some critical challenges. In this year, MARXAN analysis was undertaken, revealing an area of 203,510 ha that had high conservation value in Bintuni Bay, and was worthy of consideration for protection. However, within this area there is an existing allocation under national and provincial authority for oil and gas exploration, covering 136,589 ha. Due to this existing competing interest, the marine spatial plan for West Papua ended up allocating only 66,921 ha for conservation (just 33 percent of the original area recommended). Therefore, while formal MPA development and designation processes continue, it has been recognized that in order to effectively manage the critical marine and coastal resources of this area, adaptive management approaches need to be considered. To this end, discussions have been underway to establish customary management areas (using rights-based fisheries management) in complement to formal MPA establishment. To this end, public consultations are planned with key coastal communities, and through the Adat Council’s seven major tribes annual meeting (anticipated in FY19). In addition to this, an integrated approach to fisheries management is being promoted to engage all key stakeholders in the area, including: the provincial Marine and Fisheries Agency, the provincial Forestry Agency (including the Teluk Bintuni Protected Forest Management Unit, and Production Forest Management Unit), the Center for Natural Resource Conservation (Area II Manager of Teluk Bintuni Nature Reserve), the Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities, local government representatives of South Sorong district, companies and industries engaged in fishing activities in the bay, and wider stakeholders related to coastal and marine management in the area. Through these efforts an MoU is expected to be formalized in FY19, with each party sharing their relevant management responsibilities and plans for optimizing sustainable fisheries under a Joint Action Agreement.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 36 Fakfak: Berau Bay & Nusalasi MPA’s New MPA DRAFT MPA VISION Protect and conserve coastal and small island natural resources and their critical ecosystems to ensure the sustainability of ecosystem functions. Conserve local wisdom for managing coastal and small island natural resources in and around the conservation area. Improve the marine-based livelihoods of communities in and around marine conservation areas in Fakfak.
Progress at this site accelerated rapidly in FY18 due in part to the focused efforts of CI, which is contracted to the SEA Project, and without obligations to other provincial activities. Biophysical surveys were undertaken to determine baseline conditions at the two MPA sites in development (Berau Bay MPA and Nusalasi MPA), and revealed 640 reef species, including three potential new species (after expert review), and 32 species previously unrecorded in the Bird’s Head Seascape. Socioeconomic surveys were also completed in 26 villages (19 in Berau Bay and 7 in Nusalasi) with a total of 155 households. This work defined details of existing marine tenure systems and traditional use areas. Based on these surveys, preliminary plans for the MPAs were developed and socialized through public consultations, agreement was reached for the establishment of the two sites, and new names were proposed for the MPAs (Berau Bay becoming Kokas Coastal Park, and Nusalasi becoming Karas Coastal Park). By August 2018, formal boundaries and designation coordinates were successfully determined, and preliminary zonation areas identified. These include core (no-take) zone areas covering 60,000 ha, protecting 23 percent of the total coral reef area and 17 percent of mangrove areas between the two sites. The supporting map, produced by the Geospatial Information Bureau and Environment Decree on Protected Forest in Ugar, Arguni, Karas, Faurkia and Taraktuberwasa Island no. SK.630/Menhut-II/2014, resulted in only minor adjustments to these preliminary designs, with the total areas for the MPAs becoming 99,018 ha for Berau and 248,722 ha for Nusalasi, and no-take zone coverage increasing from the proposed 60,000 ha to 60,966.8 ha. For the next stages of MPA establishment, DKP West Papua has issued a decree (no. 06/2018) to form a working group that will oversee the development of the official management and zoning plans. In addition to this a workshop is planned in early FY19 to initiate the establishment of a Fakfak MPA management unit; the DKP of Fakfak have already allocated one staff member as an intended MPA manager. Discussions regarding the required MPA infrastructure are also already underway, and one patrol post has already been established at each MPA site. The provincial government has also already incorporated funding to support the establishment of the Fakfak UPTD in their 2019 budget. Fakfak’s MPA received a technical review by NOAA and TNC of its design, zoning and management plans in November. The documents to establish the MPAs have been submitted to the province for initial review and decision. Therefore, in summary, plans have been progressing well under the workstreams of TA 2. Key challenges continue to be encountered due to the impact of law no. 23/2014, and the limited capacity within provincial governments to take on extensive new responsibilities, as well as site-based capacity to fully engage in co-management. Nonetheless, acceleration towards achieving objectives is anticipated in FY19, with at least 12 of the MPAs achieving yellow (level 2) management effectiveness status; sustainable tourism initiatives advancing through private sector partnerships being fostered in early year 3; the design of the FMA-wide MPA network getting underway; provincial MPA management units becoming established; and work continuing at the site level to advance MPA designs, and build coalitions and partnerships for management.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 37 TECHNICAL APPROACH 3: MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING
During the second year of the project implementation, considerable achievements have been made under TA3. The provincial marine spatial plans (RZWP-3-K) have been completed for North Maluku and Maluku; an achievement that puts these two provinces within the top 10 provinces in the country to have completed their plans. This is particularly noteworthy considering that only two years ago — pre- USAID SEA Project support — both of these provinces were amongst the lowest 10 in the country for MSP progress. Achievements have also been made at the national level, both in terms of mainstreaming MSP technical support through MMAF, and furthering the development of a national database to monitor MSP implementation moving forward.
NATIONAL
In FY18, work at the national level focused on enhancing the capacities required within MMAF to effectively facilitate and support the MSP planning and production processes, and support the establishment of systems required to monitor and support MSP implementation in the future. Building Capacity. In this reporting period MMAF staff at the national level were supported to ensure considerations of EAFM, MPAs and customary secure tenure arrangements were incorporated throughout the provincial support systems for MSP development. Additionally, three key national-level constraints to human resource capacity were identified by the USAID SEA Project, based on the experiences of work implemented at the provincial level. These were: (a) limited knowledge and/or skills to provide clear guidance to provinces, (b) limited experience utilizing the various decision support technology systems available, and (c) limited skills to strategically facilitate the MSP processes in an optimal and efficient manner. To address these concerns, the USAID SEA Project, in collaboration with NOAA provided MSP Decision Support System Training for 27 MMAF staff and associated NGO and university experts. During the training, two different support systems were shared with participants, namely MARXAN with zone and Sea-Sketch. Trainees were taught the prerequisite condition of the applications, and best- fit approaches for their utilization. The skills built through this training are anticipated to strengthen future provincial support mechanisms, both in MSP production and revision processes. Development of ‘SEANode’ — MSP Geoportal Database. In FY18 work has continued on the design and development of the MSP Geoportal Database within MMAF, known as SEANode. The aim of this system is to: (a) monitor and evaluate the progress of MSP in Indonesia, (b) ensure all relevant data and information is securely stored, managed, and is accessible for use, and (c) support permit and licensing systems for marine spatial utilization that prevent resource uses that are incompatible with sustainable development. Developed under the Marine Spatial Planning Directorate, with support from the SEA team, the portal will house all provincial spatial data, provincial MSP thematic data, and all the marine spatial utilization guidance documents that have been formally endorsed by legislation. It provides an easy-to-use resource to understand the marine spatial allocation and utilization requirements for any marine area in Indonesia. The portal will also streamline permitting systems facilitated through the ‘Online Single Submission’
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 38 (OSS) system, which has been developed by the Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs at the national level. This interlink of SEANode to the OSS system has been quite challenging due to varying perspectives towards the OSS within MMAF (as OSS is under a different Ministry). Nonetheless, SEANode version 3.0 is now ready to be launched at the upcoming ‘Our Ocean Conference’ in early FY19.
Figure 12: The online MSP Geoportal — SEANode.
PROVINCIAL North Maluku
In FY18, USAID SEA Project successfully supported North Maluku province to legalize and enact their marine spatial plan into regulation: PerDa no. 2/2018 on RZWP-3-K for North Maluku province, 2018 – 2038. Through this regulation, North Maluku province has secured 31.9 million hectares of the marine environment, with specific use areas allocated for various activities, based on the application of a precautionary approach for natural resource management. This includes the securing of 1,081,727 hectares for MPA establishment, and the allocation of 2 nautical miles from the coastline to be an area prioritized for small-scale fisheries, particularly subsistence fishers. The support provided, through WCS, focused on technical spatial analysis, while the lead partner institutions (the Provincial MSP Working Group, the DKP team and its in-house consultants) focused on the non-spatial elements of the work. This dividing of efforts limited the opportunity to transfer skills, but enabled focused efforts to drive the process forward. Capacity support was provided instead to support the effective documenting and archiving of data, necessary for the MSP legalization process.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 39 KEY STEPS & TIMELINE TO ACHIEVING RZWP-3-K ACHIEVED IN NORTH MALUKU PROVINCE INITIATION Team established Jan 2016 Governor’s Decree of North Maluku No. 165.1/ KTPS/ MU/2016 Funding support established Aug 2017 1.5 billion IDR (Budget allocation letter of WP3K management activities) DATA COLLECTION Data collection completed Apr 2017 Thematic data sets Data processing and analysis for 18 thematic maps completed Apr 2017 Thematic maps with potential use and conflicting uses identified May 2017 Public Consultation for verifying the data and thematic maps completed May 2017 Berita Acara, May 2017 DRAFT PRODUCTION OF RZWP-3-K Zoning plan drafted Sep 2017 Berita Acara, Aug 12, 2017 Initial draft RZWP-3-K regulation developed Sep 2017 Request Letter of Head of DKP North Maluku for Technical Consultation II No. 523/321; Letter of Head of DKP North Maluku No. 523/337 PUBLIC HEARINGS Public consultation completed Berita Acara, Sep 27, 2017 Sep 2017 Feedback integrated into the draft RZWP-3-K local regulation Nov 2017 Berita Acara, Nov 22, 2017 FINALIZATION & ADOPTION Final draft RZWP-3-K local regulation completed Apr 2018 Approval letter of MMAF, No. B.363/DJPRL/PRL.210/1V/2018 Draft RZWP-3-K PerDa approved by Parliament Decree of North Maluku Province May 2018 Joint Acceptance Official Report, No. 188.34/227/DPRD Final Draft RZWP-3-K PerDa approved by Ministry of Home Affairs May 2018 Registered by Minister of Home Affairs, May 1, 2018 Draft RZWP-3-K enacted and issued as PerDa Sep 2018 PerDa of North Maluku Province No. 2/2018 on RZWP-3-K North Maluku Province 2018 – 2038 Table 11: Key steps & timeline to achieving RZWP-3-K in Maluku province. Maluku
In 2018, the USAID SEA Project successfully supported Maluku province to legalize and enact their marine spatial plan into regulation: PerDa no. 1/2018 on RZWP-3-K for Maluku province, 2018 – 2038. Through this regulation, Maluku province has secured 14.2 million hectares of the marine environment, with specific use-areas allocated for various activities, based on the application of a precautionary approach for natural resource management. This includes the securing of 2,904,812 hectares for MPAs (new and existing) across Maluku’s jurisdiction, which covers regions of FMA 714, 715 and 718. In addition to this the plan allocates two nautical miles from the coastline to be an area prioritized for small-scale fisheries, particularly subsistence fishers. In support of this work, the USAID SEA team worked daily with the lead institutions, the Provincial MSP Working Group and DKP Maluku. Efforts were not divided (as experienced in North Maluku) enabling a strong degree of skills transference to take place. Capacity building was on-going throughout the support process, particularly with regards to utilizing GIS at a basic level, documenting and archiving data appropriately for the MSP legalization process, and employing appropriate mediation and negotiation
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 40 skills to manage trade-offs between competing interest groups. The on-the-job training and mentoring achieved through this process serves as a best-practice approach that can be used in wider provinces as they work through their MSP production. In this province the USAID SEA team were the only technical support providers for MSP.
KEY STEPS & TIMELINE TO ACHIEVING RZWP-3-K ACHIEVED IN MALUKU PROVINCE INITIATION Team established Feb 2017 Governor Decree 71a/2017; Head of DKP decree 061/268/17k Funding support established Aug 2017 1.5 billion IDR (budget document DKP Maluku No. 3.01.01.01.25.06.5.2) DATA COLLECTION Data collection completed May 2017 Thematic data sets Data processing and analysis for 18 thematic maps completed Jun 2017 Head of DKP Maluku, letter no. 523.4/957.17k Thematic maps with potential use and conflicting uses identified Jun 2017 Public consultation for verifying the data and thematic maps completed Aug 2017
DRAFT PRODUCTION OF RZWP-3-K Zoning plan drafted Nov 2017 Initial draft RZWP-3-K regulation developed Nov 2017 Berita Acara, Nov. 10, 2017, DKP Maluku request letter No. 523.4/2262/17k PUBLIC HEARINGS Public consultation completed Berita Acara, Dec 12, 2017 Dec 2017 Feedback integrated into the draft RZWP-3-K local regulation Mar 2018 Approval letter of MMAF No. B.265/DJPRL/PRL.210/111/2018 FINALIZATION & ADOPTION Final draft RZWP-3-K local regulation completed Mar 2018 Draft RZWP-3-K PerDa approved by Parliament Decree of Maluku Province May 2018 Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah or DPRD No. 4/2018 Final Draft RZWP-3-K PerDa approved by Ministry of Home Affairs Aug 2018 Registered by Minister of Home Affairs Aug 9, 2018 Draft RZWP-3-K enacted and issued as PerDa Aug 2018 PerDa of Maluku Province No. 1/2018 on RZWP-3-K Maluku Province 2018 – 2038 into Local Gazette Year 2018 No. 140 Table 12: Key steps & timeline to achieving RZWP-3-K in Maluku province. West Papua
Compared to the other two provinces, West Papua has proven to be a more complex undertaking for MSP development. At the beginning there were delays to the establishment of the Provincial MSP Working Group and the allocation of budget was further delayed by approximately seven months due to a change in Governor and administration in the province. In addition to this, given the powerful customary law and tenure arrangements across the province, considerable technical support is required from the USAID SEA team to ensure appropriate representation and consideration of these factors are incorporated into the planning process. Such facilitation also requires careful mediation in some circumstances where sensitivities over marine tenurial claims exist.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 41 Other key areas of support provided by the USAID SEA Project includes the validation and ground- truthing of MSP data, facilitating the various public consultation processes, supporting the spatial analysis for determining zoning, and supporting technical consultation with MMAF and all related agencies at the national level. Despite the challenges encountered in this region, work is now progressing well, and West Papua is now entering the final phase of MSP production.
KEY STEPS & TIMELINE TO ACHIEVING RZWP-3-K ACHIEVED IN WEST PAPUA PROVINCE INITIATION Team established Jun 2017 West Papua Governor Decree on RZWP-3-K Task Force (No. 050/107/6/2017) Funding support established Jun 2018 5 billion IDR (budget document DKP Maluku No. 3.01.01.01.25.06.5.2) DATA COLLECTION Data collection completed Jun 2018 Thematic data sets Data processing and analysis for 18 thematic maps completed Feb 2018 Letter No: 523/25/DKP-PB/1/2018 Thematic maps with potential use and conflicting uses identified Feb 2018 Letter No: 523/26/DKP-PB/1/2018 Public consultation for verifying the data and thematic maps completed Apr 2018
DRAFT PRODUCTION OF RZWP-3-K Zoning plan drafted Sep 2018 Initial draft RZWP-3-K regulation developed In progress
PUBLIC HEARINGS Public consultation completed TBD Feedback integrated into the draft RZWP-3-K local regulation TBD
FINALIZATION & ADOPTION Final draft RZWP-3-K local regulation completed TBD Draft RZWP-3-K PerDa approved by Parliament Decree of Maluku Province TBD Final Draft RZWP-3-K PerDa approved by Ministry of Home Affairs TBD Draft RZWP-3-K enacted and issued as PerDa TBD Table 13: Key steps & timeline to achieving RZWP-3-K in West Papua province.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 42 TECHNICAL APPROACH 4: LAW ENFORCEMENT
Law enforcement activities continue to be rolled out as planned, with the aim of providing targeted enforcement support to reduce overfishing, combat rampant destructive fishing practices, and address illegal ETP species collection in target areas. In FY18 progress was made across all program areas, with efforts focused on strengthening the legal and policy frameworks required to support law enforcement systems, improving capacity for surveillance and illegal activity detection systems, and promoting voluntary engagement in law enforcement practices at the community level through co-management systems.
NATIONAL
At the national level, the USAID SEA Project successfully supported the drafting of two key policy papers, and the development of a new three-stage model for strengthening the institutional development of community-based surveillance groups for nationwide roll out. A range of training activities were conducted at the national level in FY18, resulting in advanced capacity for law enforcement in nearly 100 individuals. In addition to this, technological trials were undertaken for the new MPA Alert System, utilizing VIIRS technology. Note: in FY18 the USAID SEA Project’s performance management indicators (PMI) set targets anticipating 30 individuals would be applying improved conservation law enforcement practices as a result of the project by the end of this reporting period. While this has not be achieved, the shift in focus to effectively strengthening the institutional foundations for law enforcement practices, and the strategic planning achieved under many of the activities in FY18 suggests measurable application of improved practices will begin to accelerate sharply in FY19. Key national activities conducted in this period are as described below. Advanced Training for Port State Measures (PSM) Inspectors to implement PSM Agreement. Efforts to build the skills of MMAF fisheries surveillance officers (inspectors) to conduct robust PSM inspections advanced considerably in FY18. In collaboration with the NOAA Office of Law Enforcement (OLE), the USAID SEA Project conducted an Advanced Training of PSM Inspectors to Implement the PSM Agreement training in January 2018. This focused more on practical PSM inspection skills than theory, with 80 percent of the training time allocated to practical sessions, both in the classroom and at sea (including implementing mock boarding events). It was delivered successfully to 35 MMAF Fisheries Surveillance Officers. These officers came from five of the designated PSM ports in Indonesia, as well as non-PSM fishing ports, which are often visited by foreign fishing vessels. Based on the success of this training, it has been agreed that it should become standardized into a work competency requirement (SK3) for all PSM inspectors, with eight core competencies identified for inclusion in the training. To support this SK3 development, the USAID SEA Project, MMAF Training Center and Extension Services, and Directorate General (DG) for Surveillance of Marine and Fisheries Resources had several meetings and workshops, through which the training curriculum for three of these eight modules was developed. In FY19 work will continue to finalize the remaining five modules and achieve SK3 status for this training.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 43 Training Workshop on PSM Implementation for Multi-Agency Managerial Level Staff. In order to effectively implement the Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA) in Indonesia, MMAF requested training for managerial level staff within key agencies. The aim of the training was for managerial level staff to learn more about the agreement, to understand the various obligations Indonesia has made under the agreement, and to engage and support the necessary strategic and operational actions required in order to achieve the commitments of the PSMA. To this end, in May 2018 the USAID SEA Project and NOAA-OLE delivered a training to 34 managerial level staff from the Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs, MMAF, Ministry of Transportation, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Office of the Attorney General. The training resulted in these managers from multiple agencies agreeing on a strategic action plan to support the implementation of the key regulations of PSMA, namely: (a) the Ministerial Regulation of MMAF on the Implementation Guidance for PSMA Implementation; and (b) the Presidential Decree on the Role of Ministries/Agencies in the Implementation of PSMA in Indonesia. White Paper on the Institutional Framework to Implement PSMA at the National Level. In the FY18 work plan it was anticipated that this would be the year when the Ministerial Regulation of MMAF on the Guidance for PSMA Implementation would be finalized. This, however, has not been achieved, as it was decided that MMAF would draft the regulation internally before then engaging the USAID SEA Project and NOAA-OLE to provide intensive technical support and guidance for finalization. To support this preliminary internal process, the USAID SEA Project provided facilitation and coordination support between the various related working units of MMAF (e.g. Port representatives, fisheries surveillance officers, fisheries quarantine officers etc.). This has resulted in a draft regulation (white paper) being finalized in September 2018. Therefore, the review and technical support services of the USAID SEA Project and NOAA-OLE have been carried forward into FY19, when it is anticipated this regulation will be finalized. Draft Ministerial Decree on Community-based Surveillance System for Marine and Fisheries. In FY18 the USAID SEA Project successfully facilitated the production of a policy paper providing significant recommendations for adjustments to be made to MMAF Ministerial Regulation no. 58/2001, the Implementation Guidelines for Community-based Surveillance Systems (Sistem Pengawasan Berbasis Masyarakat - SISWASMAS) in Managing and Utilizing Marine and Fisheries Resources. The process of reviewing this regulation involved four rounds of participatory focus group discussions involving MMAF, the three provincial governments, and representatives from community surveillance groups (POKMASWAS) are at the front line of implementing the SISWASMAS guidelines. These discussions were critical in enabling direct discussion channels to be opened between on-the-ground POKMASWAS members, the provincial DKP, the MMAF Directorate of Monitoring and Fishing Fleet Operations, and the Legal Division of DG Surveillance for Marine and Fisheries Resources. Key recommendations included the re-contextualization of SISWASMAS under law no. 23/2014 (transfer of authority from district to provincial level), as well as emphasizing the importance of: (a) promoting mechanisms for strengthening customary law systems and practices that support SISWASMAS, (b) clarifying the role and function of POKMASWAS, (c) promoting institutional development and capacity building programs for POKMASWAS, (d) developing working operational mechanisms for POKMASWAS, (e) securing protection for POKMASWAS personnel, and (f) securing sustainable financing to long-term strengthening of SISWASMAS. This policy paper will support the formal amendment process of regulation no. 58/2001 under the legislative review program in FY19.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 44 Standardizing Institutional Development Steps for POKMASWAS, and Designing Associated Training. Under the recommendations for the amendments to MMAF Ministerial Regulation no. 58/2001 (described above), a decision was made by the Directorate of Monitoring and Fishing Fleet Operations, and the Training and Extension Service Center, to strengthen and standardize the design of institutional development steps to optimize efficient and effective POKMASWAS groups. This agreement came about in large part due to law no. 23/2014, which has withdrawn the authority for marine and fisheries surveillance from district governments and placed it under provincial government. Due to this re-positioning of authority, MMAF considers it essential for all MMAF surveillance stations and provincial DKPs throughout Indonesia to empower POKMASWAS more intensively and systematically to facilitate and support on-the-ground law enforcement. To achieve this, in FY18 the USAID SEA Project supported MMAF to develop a POKMASWAS Institutional Development Plan. This ascribes the three stages required to achieving institutional maturity (see figure 13). Based on this plan it has been agreed that modules will be developed for the training of trainers (ToT) to support capacity development in the field for each of these three stages, with the aim that support can then be rolled out for POKMASWAS throughout Indonesia. To date three modules have been successfully drafted for Stage 1 (Tahap Mula) of the institutional development plan, on the topics of: (a) fisheries and MPA ecosystems, (b) POKMASWAS institutional structure, and (c) standard operational and working procedures for POKMASWAS. These stage 1 modules were trialed in September 2018 with 28 prospective training cadres, with very positive feedback. Moving forward, the development of these ToT modules will continue in FY19 for stages 2 and 3 of the institutional development plan.
Figure 13: The POKMASWAS Institutional Development Plan.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 45 MPA Alert System Trialed Utilizing VIIRS Technology. In FY18, the USAID SEA Project and NOAA collaboratively supported the MMAF/ KKHL, the Directorate of Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance (PSDKP), and the Directorate of Monitoring and Fishing Fleet Operations of PSDKP to develop and trial an MPA Alert System based on the utilization of VIIRS Data. This alert system, created through support from NOAA, has been designed to detect and record boat activity within the core zone area of an MPA. It can record data and provide a daily activity alert to the relevant MPA manager, appointed MMAF and DKP officials, or other identified law enforcement officers. The alert is intended to be used to: (a) enable immediate reactive enforcement where required, and (b) enable data to be acquired on the number and types of vessels infringing on a core zone area, so as to reveal patterns and trends to inform and guide adaptive management measures. With USAID SEA Project support, the MPA Alert System was successfully trialed in the Raja Ampat national MPA over a three-day period in April 2018. The trial revealed vessels with lights of over 1,000 watts were generally detected by the system. This included a 20-meter lift net boat with pole and line (huhate) gears fishing in the core zone, a passenger cruise ship transiting the waters, and purse seine boats of less than 30GT (using lights of approximately 6,000 watts) entering the core zone. For the trials, the VIIRS findings were contrasted with data from Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS), Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) and associated GPS tracking systems, showing a high correlation between positional data provide in the MPA alerts, and data from the vessels themselves. These results suggest the algorithm for VIIRS boat detection is effective at capturing vessel activity where ship lights are sufficiently bright. However, it is not capable of detecting smaller vessels with limited lighting, and should therefore be considered as part of a suite of enforcement support tools. A second trial was anticipated in FY18, to take place in Kapoposang MPA (beyond FMA 715), but due to the limited availability of technical staff from MMAF this trial will now be implemented in FY19. Draft Policy Paper on Combatting Destructive Fishing. In FY18 MMAF developed a draft National Action Plan (Rencana Aksi Nasional - RAN) to Combat Destructive Fishing. This RAN incorporates considerations of banning or reducing the supply of raw materials for blast fishing. However, as FMA 715 is not considered to be amongst the worst-affected places for destructive fishing practices compared to other regions in Indonesia, engagement with the region was limited during preliminary RAN development. Therefore, in support of the Directorate of Surveillance for Marine Resources, the USAID SEA Project produced a draft policy paper identifying proposed improvements to the draft RAN. These improvements include: (a) encouraging a collaborative strategic approach to combatting destructive fishing, (b) establishing effective monitoring and evaluation systems to regularly track progress and measure the effectiveness of actions, and (c) incorporating incentives and disincentives into strategic actions. These recommendations came from the result of destructive fishing assessments completed in Maluku and West Papua, and ongoing in North Maluku. Marine and Fisheries Compliance Strategy. This activity was originally designed to harmonize the National Plan of Action (NPoA) to Combat IUU Fishing and the RAN to Combat Destructive Fishing into a single, more practicable compliance strategy to be implemented by MMAF, the DKP, enforcement agencies and POKMASWAS in the field. However, in FY18 it proved difficult to bring together all the necessary officials to work on this harmonization process. Therefore, to date only a preliminary meeting has been undertaken towards this goal (in September 2018). However, this work is anticipated to progress in FY19, with a focus on harmonizing objectives and targets across the plans, and dividing roles and responsibilities between central government agencies, provincial and district DKP offices, and POKMASWAS groups under the compliance strategy framework.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 46 PROVINCIAL
At the provincial level, law enforcement activities were advanced at a range of scales across all three provinces. For some activities, approaches were replicated within each province as described here: Strengthening existing POKMASWAS Institutions. In FY18 POKMASWAS institutional assessments were conducted in all three provinces, led by the relevant provincial DKP office, with support provided from WCS (in North Maluku), WWF and CTC (in Maluku), WWF and CI (in West Papua). Through assessment processes, intensive communications were facilitated within and between existing and prospective POKMASWAS groups related to SEA Project working sites in each province. In addition to this, communications were facilitated between these community groups, the relevant DKP provincial offices, and MMAF representatives, including MMAF station staff located within the provinces (in Ternate, Ambon, and Tual respectively). Further to this, meetings were convened within each province involving all of the aforementioned groups to discuss the amendment of MMAF Ministerial Regulation no. 58/2001 (as mentioned on page 41). The meetings were held in Sorong, West Papua (July 2018), Ternate, North Maluku (August 2018), and Ambon, Maluku (September, 2018). Through these meetings, commitments were attained within each province to improve communication mechanisms between provincial and district DKP offices, and POKMASWAS groups, and to work collaboratively to institutionally strengthen POKMASWAS following the revised institutional development framework (as outlined on page 42). Within each province, these meetings galvanized further interest in establishing effective POKMASWAS in the SEA Project’s working areas, including:
prospective POKMASWAS committing to further efforts to become established in North Maluku, particularly in Tidore district (Maregam Village) where the Village Head also went on to promote POKMASWAS establishment and the implementation of SISWASMAS in neighboring communities; statements of voluntary intention being provided by three communities in Maluku (from Sawai, Buano and Lease) to develop POKMASWAS; and expressions of interest being received from four adat villages in West Papua (Arguni, Pigpig- Sekar, Wertuar, and Atiati) to establish POKMASWAS. In this reporting period the SEA Project also supported each DKP provincial office to validate the status of the existing POKMASWAS in SEA Project focus areas, the results of which are shown in table 14. Through this process, all of the POKMASWAS decrees have been transferred to the relevant DKP provincial office (as required under law no. 23/2014). Moving forward, for FY19 each province has agreed to focus on: (a) facilitating prospective POKMASWAS groups, and (b) advancing Stage 1 groups. The aim is to have at least twelve POKMASWAS (four in each province) consolidate achievements under their relevant stage by the end of FY19.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 47 PROVINCE AREA PROSPECTIVE ESTABLISHED POKMASWAS POKMASWAS STAGE I STAGE II STAGE III NORTH MALUKU Ternate 1 group Tidore 1 group 1 group Morotai 1 group Sula 4 groups Halmahera Selatan 1 group MALUKU Sawai Prospective MPA 1 group 1 group Koon MPA 7 groups 1 group Buano Prospective MPA 1 group Lease MPA 3 groups 1 group Banda MPA 3 groups WEST PAPUA Sorong Selatan 6 groups Teluk Bintuni 4 groups Fakfak 1 group to cover 4 adat villages Table 14: Status of POKMASWAS in the SEA Project’s working areas of North Maluku, Maluku and West Papua.
POKMASWAS Training. Since MMAF and the DKP provincial offices have prioritized the implementation of standardized POKMASWAS training in line with the three-stage institutional development model (see page 42), POKMASWAS capacity building in FY18 focused on the three modular topics agreed for Stage 1 development. To this end, representatives from both existing and prospective POKMASWAS groups were involved in MPA 101 trainings conducted by the SEA Project team in North Maluku and Maluku province, while in West Papua representatives from both existing and prospective POKMASWAS were exposed to practical experiences of a functioning POKMASWAS in Raja Ampat, where groups had the opportunity to share experiences and lessons learned. In addition to this, issues around POKMASWAS institutional structure were discussed during the provincial meetings (in Sorong, Ternate, and Ambon respectively), where representatives were also introduced to the standard operational and working procedures of POKMASWAS based on existing regulations. For FY19 a POKMASWAS training plan for each province has been developed that will make training provision more systematic moving forward. Other province-specific activities are described below.
North Maluku
Completion of ETP Species Mapping. In FY18 ETP species mapping for North Maluku was completed, led by partners WCS, and revealed the following findings:
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 48 a) The most trafficked ETP species in North Maluku are terrestrial animals, particularly birds. No significant numbers were found for illegal marine species trafficking. b) However, there is evidence of illegal marine ETP species harvesting of sea turtles, giant clams (kima), and Napoleon wrasse occurring in several locations, namely Ternate, Tidore, Morotai, North Halmahera, and the Sula Islands. In general, the number of species caught is relatively small, with some portions of these catches used for local consumption. There are also incidences occurring of turtles being accidently caught during fishing activities (as bycatch). c) Shark fishing was found to occur in several areas in North Maluku, particularly Morotai (Rao Island), South Halmahera (Kayoa Island, Bacan, Gane, Obi, and Jorongan Islands), and Sula Islands (Bajo Village and Falabisahaya Village). In several cases it is clear that sharks are the intended target species. d) Illegal fishing and destructive fishing activities are still the main challenges facing North Maluku. Foreign fishing vessels are conducting illegal fishing activities in North Maluku’s waters. In addition to this, destructive fishing practices (using dynamite and cyanide) are still occurring in Ternate, Tidore, East Halmahera, the Sula Islands, and Morotai. The results of this mapping activity were delivered to DKP North Maluku and the Directorate General of Surveillance for Marine and Fisheries Resources, and were discussed during a stakeholder forum to strengthen the network for combating illegal fishing in North Maluku (see below). Assessment of Blast Fishing Raw Material Supply Chain in North Maluku. This activity has been delayed due to challenges sourcing a capable individual to conduct the semi-investigative work required for this assessment. Nonetheless, work commenced in August 2018, led by the WCS Wildlife Crime Unit, with efforts focused on validating initial assessment progress on identifying the source of raw materials for fish bombs, and the materials’ storage, transportation, distribution networks and end markets (local fishers). The assessment involves POLAIR, MMAF, Association of Civil Service Investigators (Pejabat Penyidik Negeri Sipil - PPNS) and local fisherman as informants. The SEA Project will carry forward this activity to FY19. Strengthening the Network for Combating Illegal Fishing in North Maluku. This activity commenced in North Maluku in 2018 through the convening of a discussion forum for all relevant stakeholders to review existing systems and practices for marine and fisheries’ law enforcement in the province. Participants included representatives from DKP North Maluku, the Marine Police (POLAIR) from North Maluku, the Navy, the Fisheries Faculty of Khairun University, representatives of POKMASWAS as well as community groups from the districts of Morotai, Tidore, Central Halmahera, South Halmahera, Sula, and Ternate. The meeting reviewed the results of ETP species mapping (undertaken by partners WCS), prompting agreement between parties on the importance of establishing clear communication and information sharing systems cross-sectorally. Work to date on the destructive fishing assessment in the province was also discussed (see above), and efforts were made to further engage law enforcement inspectors (PPNS) in the process. However, it is clear that more intensive assistance will be needed in order to promote the more active engagement of critical stakeholders in this assessment, the results of which are intended to ultimately support the developing of an effective network within the province for combatting illegal and destructive fishing. Due to the delays to the destructive fishing assessment and network development, the activities planned for supporting awareness campaigns and advocacy against destructive fishing practice have been postponed to FY19.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 49 Maluku
Strengthening the Network for Combating Illegal Fishing in Maluku. Recognizing that combatting illegal fishing (including destructive fishing) requires multi-sectoral collaboration, two discussion fora were held in FY18 to engage a range of agencies in preliminary network development. Participants included: DKP Maluku province; DKPs from Central Maluku and East Seram districts; the EAFM Learning Centre at UNPATTI; the Maritime Patrol and Rescue Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BAKAMLA); PSDKP, the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and the National Port Authority from Ambon; BKSDA and POLAIR from Maluku province; local NGOs; and coastal community representatives from Sawai and Koon. The first discussion shared with participants the results of a destructive fishing perception study conducted in three locations in Central Maluku in FY17 (Labuan Village, Sawai Village, and Amahai Sub district). Findings included identifying: (a) the key common destructive gears used in the region (bombs, cyanide and dive compressors), (b) the key hotspot areas where destructive fishing practices occur, and (c) the key challenges faced by communities in terms of knowing how (and to whom) incidences should be reported (including mechanisms for capturing data and evidence), and (d) the weaknesses in the current system for processing and handling reports. In addition, participants were taught how to identify the morphology of fish that have been caught using destructive fishing methods. In the second discussion, participants explored the findings from the study to develop priority actions for a draft Provincial Plan of Action (RAD) to Combat Destructive Fishing in Maluku. Through this, the following priority actions were agreed:
to develop a database on destructive fishing activities, to strengthen capacity of surveillance groups (locally known as Kewang) and Village Governments (Negeri) in marine resource surveillance, to develop the sustainable fisheries working group at province and district levels, to strengthen the synergy between the Marine Resources Surveillance Office, the law enforcement officers and wider associated stakeholders, and to develop standard surveillance procedures for marine and fisheries resources. The drafting of these action plan priorities is an excellent achievement for the project, and will continue to be supported in FY19. Note: while work to establish a destructive fishing network was originally slated for FY18 and has not yet been achieved, the advance of the RAD is considered to be a strong step in the right direction, and efforts to establish the network more formally through RAD implementation will be followed up in FY19. Similarly, support for awareness campaigns and advocacy against destructive fishing has been postponed to FY19, to be implemented as an element of actioning the RAD for Maluku province.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 50 West Papua
Strengthening the Network for Combating Illegal Fishing in West Papua. In order to strengthen the network for combatting illegal fishing in this province, the USAID SEA Project through WWF-Indonesia made efforts in FY18 to reactivate the pre-existing Coordination Forum to Combat Fisheries Crime (Forum Koordinasi Tindak Pidana Perikanan) for West Papua. This forum has previously served as a communication and coordination platform for key stakeholders in the province to address IUU fishing challenges in particular. The forum is considered to be an appropriate embryo for development into a wider collaborative network to combat illegal (and destructive) fishing, and work will continue into FY19 to regalvanize and develop this platform accordingly. In order to bring stakeholders together to identify commonly agreed objectives and targets for the network, and for wider province-wide actions to tackle illegal and destructive fishing practices, the USAID SEA Project also supported a discussion forum, to review the results of a destructive fishing assessment (previously conducted) and identify priority action areas as a framework for a Provincial Plan of Action (RAD) to Combat Destructive Fishing in West Papua. Participants at this forum included representatives from West Papua DPK, as well as the DKPs of Teluk Bintuni, Sorong Selatan and Raja Ampat districts; MMAF representatives from the Fish Quarantine Office, the Fisheries Port in Sorong, the Surveillance Station in Sorong and Manokwari, and from PSPL Sorong; representatives from UNIPA, UKIP, the Muhammadiyah University of Sorong, and the Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Sorong; the POLAIR of West Papua, Lantamal XIV of Sorong, and representatives from fisheries associations, fishermen’s groups and indigenous people institutions (the latter two from Bintuni Bay and South Sorong). The discussion resulted in the identification of 25 priority actions and the drafting of the RAD. Development of this action plan will continue in FY19, and plans to support awareness campaigns and advocacy against destructive fishing (initially planned for FY18) have been postponed to be implemented in FY19, to be undertaken in alignment with the priority actions identified in the plan. Note: in FY18 the SEA Project’s performance management indicators anticipated 30 individuals would be applying improved conservation law enforcement practices within West Papua as a result of the project by the end of this reporting period. While this has not be achieved, the shift in focus to effectively strengthen the institutional foundations for law enforcement practices, and the rapid advance of the action plan during this period, suggests measurable application of improved practices will begin to accelerate sharply in FY19.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 51 SECTION 3. APPROACHES FOR ADDRESSING ENABLING CONDITIONS
The USAID SEA Project seeks to create enabling conditions that allow relevant stakeholders and local communities to support sustainable marine resource use and management. More to the point, the project raises awareness and supports positive behavior change through local champions by increasing stakeholder capacity. It also advances approaches, policies, and regulations that incentivize improved marine stewardship.
STRATEGIC APPROACH 1: CREATE DEMAND THROUGH AWARENESS RAISING AND ADVOCACY
This strategic approach aims to provide foundational support to change individual and societal behaviors so as to achieve the various goals of the USAID SEA Project. This workstream recognizes that through all project activities, individuals at many levels are being encouraged, incentivized, and promoted to change key behavior patterns to align with the goals of sustainable marine and coastal utilization. Whether it is fishers adopting new gears, or complying with MPA zoning regulations or fishery-related interventions; or community enforcement teams ensuring surveillance activities become routine and are reported correctly; or traders ensuring supplies conform to traceability standards; or community tourism businesses implementing sustainability practices — all these practices (and many more being promoted under the SEA Project) require individuals and societies to change their behaviors. In order to create such change, the project recognizes the importance of building coalitions and champions (change agents) on the ground, who are early adopters of a new behavior, and who have standing and influence within communities to inspire and motivate others to adopt change. In FY18 a range of activities were undertaken in order to further these aims in SEA Project sites and programs.
REFINING AND DISAGGREGATING BEHAVIOR CHANGE TARGETS
Measuring changes to behavior is challenging, and as part of the work to refine the Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Plan (ME&L, version 5), work was undertaken to better articulate the targets and mechanisms for measuring change in the USAID SEA Project. This resulted in the development of four key ‘benchmarks’ for change:
Benchmark 1: The number of people exposed to USAID SEA Project messages through outreach. This refers to the priority audience of local communities in the field, and provides an exposure metric (awareness raising) against which actionable impact (behavior change) can be assessed (LOP target, 5,000). Benchmark 2: The number of champions that have the capacity to deliver USAID SEA Project messages. Recognizing the importance of these change agents, this benchmark enables the documenting of key influencers identified across the SEA Project portfolio of sites, who are able to advance behavior change (LOP target, 400).
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 52 Benchmark 3: The number of people influenced by champions. This refers to actionable changes to behaviors observed in the target communities, measured through pre- and post- surveys (LOP target, 1,200). Benchmark 4: The number of fora. This reflects the number of actioning groups established due to the work of the SEA Project (e.g. fisher associations, working groups, task forces) where people are brought together to implement collective change (LOP target, 15). These refinements to the mechanisms for measuring the impact of achievements under this strategic approach have helped to re-frame and consolidate work planning and provide clarity on aims and expectations for SEA partner organizations.
EXPOSURE TO MESSAGES THROUGH OUTREACH
Across all workstreams under the USAID SEA Project, outreach, socialization, and awareness raising activities have been conducted at a range of scales and to a range of audiences. Summaries here refer to site-based messaging (targeting the primary audience of local communities) as per benchmark 1. Through EAFM-related work (TA1) awareness raising, outreach, and key messages have focused on the following key themes to in FY18:
Engaging fishers to adopt logbooks. This engagement enables real-time data to be recorded by the fishers themselves to track their fishing effort and catch data. Outreach for this activity has mostly been conducted with fisher associations related to Fair Trade agreements, where logbooks are an integral element of acquiring certification. Project partners MDPI have largely led these efforts. Establishing TURFs in West Papua and Maluku. Outreach activities to promote the adoption of TURFs have been particularly advanced in West Papua (through partners Rare), where a range of community engagement activities have enabled message dissemination via a range of platforms, from fun community events, to village meetings led by spiritual and tribal community leaders, to radio talk shows and community ceremonies. Promoting fishers to register their vessels. This was successfully initiated across all three provinces in FY18. Outreach was promoted through the provincial and district government agencies to reach a total of 650 vessel owners, whose registrations are now in process. In the MPA related work (TA2) awareness raising outreach and key messages have focused on the following key themes to in FY18:
Gaining community support for the establishment of eight new MPAs, and the expansion of three existing MPAs. Outreach in this area was mostly implemented through: (a) the dissemination of information materials amongst target communities, (b) community meetings, and (c) sub-group meetings (women’s groups, fisher associations etc.) where relevant. These outreach efforts resulted in documented support and endorsement for the new MPAs, and the expansion of three existing MPAs. These endorsement documents will serve as a platform for further community engagement in co-management planning.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 53 Advancing MPA design and planning across nine sites. Public consultations were undertaken in nine out of the 14 MPA sites in the SEA portfolio in FY18. Consultations predominantly focused on preliminary planning for MPAs (i.e. socializing what an MPA is, and how having an MPA provides benefits) and broad design principles of MPAs (i.e. concepts of zoning and the preliminary identification of important areas). Promoting sustainable tourism in select MPAs. In FY18 extensive outreach and engagement to promote messaging around the benefits and opportunities of sustainable marine tourism took place in Mare MPA; plans have been put in place to expand sustainable marine tourism outreach to three further sites in FY19 (Sawai, Lease and Koon-Neiden). Promoting community-based data collection. In FY19 communities engaged in ILLMA development were proactively involved in data collection. Outreach messaging focused on the development of future citizen science to empower communities to monitor and manage their marine resources. In the law enforcement area (TA4) awareness raising, outreach and key messages have been focused on POKMASWAS groups and members, with 31 formally established POKMASWAS being engaged in FY18 to explore institutional strengthening mechanisms. Messages were targeted to promote pride in membership, and a desire to strengthen operationalization of the groups at the site level in the future.
IDENTIFICATION AND ENGAGEMENT OF CHAMPIONS
A champion, sometimes referred to as a ‘social change agent’ or ‘opinion leader’, may be any stakeholder who exhibits a clear understanding of the issues, is passionate, embraces change, and has leadership qualities such that s/he holds influence over wider societal groups. They are individuals who are well-positioned to help tailor messaging to a local context, mediate communications, and introduce innovations in a manner best suited to galvanize positive responses. Surveys to identify common trusted sources across the three provinces (conducted in FY17 and analyzed in FY18) revealed that the top most commonly trusted sources of information include district extension officers (working under DKP), district government, provincial government, village government and community leaders. However, champions for any collective of people, whether community or fisher group, can vary widely at the site level. Building on this understanding, efforts to identify and engage individual champions advanced through FY18. The work was primarily led by SEA partners CTC and Rare, and champions were successfully identified through a range of consultations, in-situ observations, and by SEA team members spending extensive periods at SEA Project sites. To date (i.e. at the end of FY18), 103 champions have been identified. These include individuals from a range of sectors: fishers, spiritual leaders, coastal community leaders, youth and women representatives, local government, business people, and local academics. Among these are the honorable Sultan of Tidore and the King of Buano and Nusa Laut Island. These champions are playing an active role in campaign messaging in their respective areas.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 54
Figure 14: ‘Champion’ Kris Thebu, Head of the Maya Tribe Council, promoting buy-in and support for TURF establishment in Raja Ampat through declaration ceremonies.
BEHAVIOR CHANGE PRE-SURVEYS AND RAPID ASSESSMENTS
In FY18, three behavior change pre-surveys and rapid assessments were conducted to acquire baseline information for this strategic approach. Results of these surveys were categorized to identify the current behavior stages of respondents. The stages are based on a simplified behavior change continuum model, divided into three key categories:
Preparation. The individual recognizes that there is a problem and change is needed. However, he / she may not have made the connection that their own behavior is contributing to the issue. This might include such actions as attending community forums or participating in training. This stage incorporates individuals who are at a stage of ‘pre-contemplation’, ‘contemplation’ and/or ‘preparation’ according to the Prochaska, DiClemente and Hartin behavior change continuum model (figure 15). Action. The individual makes a commitment and noticeable adjustment to their behavior associated with the issue. Maintenance. The individual continues for an extended period with the new sustainable behaviors and actively influences his / her peers.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 55 No recognition of need for, 1. Pre-contemplation or interest in, change.
Aware of problem. 2. Contemplation Considering change.
Planning for change. 3. Preparation potential relapse potential 4. Action Adopts new behaviors.
On-going practice of 5. Maintenance behavior long-term.
Figure 15: The Prochaska, DiClemente model (1983) and Hartin (2016) behavior change continuum model.
The first assessment was undertaken in Buano Islands, and focused on assessing behavior related to the establishment of the Buano MPA. Results showed that 30 percent of respondents were at the contemplation stage (i.e. having knowledge) and 70 percent were at the pre-contemplation stage (i.e. having least knowledge). However, 60 percent expressed willingness and interest to be engaged in MPA development (the preparation stage). The second assessment was conducted in Dampier and Mayalibit to gauge existing behaviors towards sustainable fishing practices. Results showed that in the four sampled communities, 60 percent of respondents knew that human fishing activity could affect fish stock availability in the future, and expressed willingness to sustainably manage the resource for future generations (preparation stage). The assessment also wanted to assess the achievements of work to date to recognize and understand TURFs. The survey showed that outreach to date has been successful, with 92 percent of respondents recognizing, understanding, and expressing their compliance with TURFs (action stage). The third assessment was conducted in Maregam (Mare) to assess existing behaviors towards sustainable marine tourism. Survey results showed 100 percent of respondents understood the tourism potential of their site and are committed to preserving it for future generations (preparation stage). However, the link between desire and actionable preservation is not yet achieved, with little understanding with regards to issues such as waste management, and the impact litter and pollutants can have on attracting tourism to a region.
ESTABLISHMENT OF FORA
In FY18 eight different stakeholder fora were established and verified under this workstream. These fora are important coalitions to promote and advance behavior change amongst their constituents. The fora are outlined below (note: further groups have been established beyond those listed here, but are awaiting verification).
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 56
NORTH MALUKU MPA TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP MEMBERS: PURPOSE: Government (Marine and Fisheries Provincial Office, To build shared understanding, capacity, and planning District Fisheries offices), Academia (University of efforts of various stakeholders to achieve effectively Khairun), NGOs (WCS, CTC) and SEA Core. managed MPAs. This group is dedicated to all proposed MPAs in North Maluku.
WEST PAPUA TASK FORCE MEMBERS: PURPOSE: Government (Marine and Fisheries Provincial Office, To accelerate the process of MPA Network development District Fisheries offices, Legal Bureau, Provincial in West Papua by involving all adjacent MPAs. MSP division, Kupang National Conservation Area, Manokwari Surveillance Office, Heads of local UPTs, Locus Marine and Coastal Resources), NGOs (WWF CI, Rare) and SEA Core.
DATA MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE FOR SKIPJACK AND TUNA MEMBERS: PURPOSE: Government (Head of Marine and Fisheries North To enable authorized stakeholders to manage the Maluku Provincial Office, various divisions of the skipjack and tuna commodities, providing analysis from North Maluku Provincial Office, including: Capture North Maluku to inform and guide fishery management Fisheries, Infrastructure, Fisheries affairs; District and policy recommendations within FMA 715. Capture Fisheries Offices), NGOs (MDPI, WCS, AP2HI) Industry (Tuna industry suppliers, Fish processor companies), Communities (Fisher associations) and SEA Core.
TANJUNG TUNA FISHERS ASSOCIATION MEMBERS: PURPOSE: Fishers in Bisa, South Halmahera, North Maluku (13) To participate in Fair Trade activities
BERINGIN JAYA FISHERS ASSOCIATION MEMBERS: PURPOSE: Fishers in Bisa, South Halmahera, North Maluku (19) To participate in Fair Trade activities
TUNA JAYA FISHERS ASSOCIATION MEMBERS: PURPOSE: Fishers in Bisa, South Halmahera, North Maluku (22) To participate in Fair Trade activities
USAHA BERSAMA FISHERS ASSOCIATION MEMBERS: PURPOSE: Fishers in Bisa, South Halmahera, North Maluku (6) To participate in Fair Trade activities
SAMUDRA MANDIOLI FISHERS ASSOCIATION MEMBERS: PURPOSE: Fishers in Bacan, South Halmahera, North Maluku To participate in Fair Trade activities (25)
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 57 STRATEGIC APPROACH 3: INCREASE INCENTIVES FOR MARINE STEWARDSHIP
To achieve the targets set under the key technical approaches of the USAID SEA Project it is essential to incentivize engagement, compliance with regulations, and overall marine stewardship, particularly amongst local communities and private sector entities. The key incentivization pathways identified under the project’s Theory of Change are as follows:
Developing markets for sustainable fisheries Promoting and developing sustainable marine tourism Promoting preferential, managed, and secure access to marine resources In Year 2, efforts have focused on these pathways, with emphasize on building stakeholders’ understanding of the link between better management of the resource and the direct economic benefits it can provide, as well as building the capacity necessary to adopt the incentive opportunities promoted.
DEVELOPING MARKETS FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
Under this workstream, efforts in FY18 focused on promoting sustainable fisheries’ certification schemes, and undertaking further market-based assessments in order to identify appropriate market expansion / adjustment / differentiation opportunities to add value to fisheries in key SEA sites. Sustainable Fisheries Certification Schemes
Under the USAID SEA Project, two key certification programs are being explored and implemented:
Fair Trade, and MSC certification through the establishment of FIPs.
Fair Trade. In FY18, promotion of Fair Trade certification has been ongoing in Maluku and North Maluku, led by partners MDPI. Three more fisher associations were established in North Maluku, taking the total to seven associations actively engaged in Fair Trade certification in this province. Support continues to be provided to all of these associations to ensure the concept of Fair Trade and the certification requirements and expectations are fully understood and adhered to. Key capacity building areas supported in FY18 included:
Community development and empowerment training — aimed to improve the skills of fisher association Figure 16: Overview of Fair Trade committees and organizations and management. Two trainings were membership numbers. delivered, to a combined total of 26 participants, representing five of the associations.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 58 Safety at Sea (SAS) training — delivered by BASARNAS (Search and Rescue) personnel at two sites (Kayoa and Parigi). This was attended by a combined total of 52 people, with fishers from three associations and representatives from the wider fisher community attending. In this reporting period, two of the associations established a traceability system. Traceability is an essential component of Fair Trade supply chains, both to ensure the product is kept separate from non- Fair Trade products, and to ensure that the calculation of the Premium Fund reflects the true value of fish caught by Fair Trade registered fishers. Both associations adopted the relatively simple scheme of providing codes on the plastic casing of each tuna loin (code 109FTSM for Samudera Laut Association, and code 110FTUL for Usaha Laut Association), as well as ensuring a green tag is added to each loin. This system is now in operation and is currently running well. Under Fair Trade standards, the fisher associations must also conduct a needs assessment to identify appropriate uses of the Premium Fund. Existing associations already completed this in FY17. In FY18 two (of the three) new associations achieved this (the remaining new association will undertake this assessment in FY19). Key priority areas identified for Premium Fund support included mosque renovations, a children’s scholarship program, a beach cleaning program, as well as health and pension contributions. For the existing Fair Trade Associations (FTAs) that have been established for some time, efforts were focused on assessing mechanisms to ensure financial sustainability and to identify longer-term investment scenarios. To this end interviews with a wide range of stakeholders (local government staff, FTA members, NGO staff, traders, and collectors) were conducted. In addition, financial planning meetings were convened with Fair Trade and potential funders (including USAID, the Walton Family Foundation and the Packard Foundation) to begin the process of developing an action plan for fund investment and management. This plan is in development and will focus on longer-term community investments or wealth creation projects from the Premium Fund that could provide sustainable earnings in the future. Potential investments, identified during the meetings to date, are as outlined in table 15.
INVESTMENT AREA PROPOSED INVESTMENTS Quality improvements Mini-plants joint investment Investments to improve the value Ice plant investment chain Fisher support services investments Individual savings account Children savings account Long-term safety nets Fisher health and accident/death insurance Fisher retirement pension Non-fishing emergency Student fees - revolving loan fund contingencies Family medical emergencies - revolving loan fund Fishing emergency contingencies Vessel investments - revolving loan fund Household income diversification Start-up micro-businesses - revolving loan fund Table 15: Long-term investment and wealth creation opportunities identified by the Fair Trade fisher associations.
These investment opportunities will be further explored for implementation in FY19.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 59 As of March 2018 all seven FTAs have been certified Fair Trade. However, FTA Tanjung Jaya needs to resolve supply issues (and is currently not selling into the Fair Trade supply chain), and FTAs in Bacan and Ternate / Jailolo still require auditing (anticipated to take place in Q1 of FY19). Given the successful adoption of this initiative to date, explorations are underway to further expand this work to Morotai and Sanana. To that end, socioeconomic surveys were conducted in this reporting period to gauge baseline household assets of these regions, and assess levels of interest for engagement. These assessments are ongoing at this time.
MSC Certification through FIP Establishment. Marine Stewardship Council standards are rigorous in promoting sustainable fisheries management. Not only do these standards consider labor conditions, fisher livelihoods, and the traceability of products (similar to Fair Trade), they also require specific standards be attained with regards to the sustainability of fishery stocks, ecosystem impacts, biodiversity conservation, and species management. Attaining MSC standards is generally achieved through the establishment of Fishery Improvement Projects, with private sector fishery industry partners undertaking a key role in implementation. In North Maluku and Maluku, efforts continued through FY18 to support the establishment of a large- scale tuna FIP (a collaboration supported by MDPI and the International Pole and Line Foundation (IPNLF), with private sector members of AP2HI). The pre-assessment required under the standards was updated in June 2018 and will be used as a basis for action plan development for this fishery. Progress against FIP indicators has been reported via the international FIP progress website (https://fisheryprogress.org). Also in year 2, three further FIP initiatives have commenced with support from WWF-Indonesia’s Seafood Savers program. Socialization of these FIPs - with private sector partners, relevant provincial and district government offices, academic partners, NGOs and fishermen group representatives - has led to commitment from all parties to establish the following FIPs:
Sawai Bay (Maluku), reef fish FIP. Private sector company U.D. Pulau Mas is a live reef fish export company located in the bay (and at numerous other sites in Indonesia). Through FIP establishment the company is aiming to regulate its supply chains to accept only hand line caught reef fish, as well as set a minimum size limit to promote sustainable harvests. South Sorong (West Papua), shrimp FIP. Company UD Piala is one of the leading frozen shrimp exporters in Sorong, processing, packaging, and shipping as much as 40 tons of frozen shrimp per month from this region to Japan. The key target commodity is the endeavor shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis), sourced from eight key collectors in South Sorong and Bintuni Bay. Bintuni Bay (West Papua), shrimp FIP. PT. Irian Marine Product Development (IMPD) is a company under Indokom Seafood group that operates five shrimp catching ships in West Papua, and operates collections from Bintuni Bay - and the wider area’s - traditional fishers. Products are exported to partner company Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd. in Japan. To date the FIPs in Sawai Bay and South Sorong are in the application phase (as per the Seafood Savers membership process – see figure 17), and the Bintuni Bay FIP is at phase 2 (due diligence). A FIP work plan for this latter site is in development at the time of writing.
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Figure 17: Seafood Savers membership process.
Market Assessments Undertaken
In FY18 a range of market assessments were undertaken in order to identify appropriate market expansion / adjustment / differentiation opportunities in the wider USAID SEA sites, and to explore the potential expansion (where feasible) of the certification program. Assessments took place in North Maluku and Maluku.
North Maluku
Morotai. A rapid assessment conducted by Marine Change explored the fisheries sector (including key species, fish catch data, catch locations, existing infrastructure, and fisher profiles). It was revealed that opportunity exists for fishers currently active inside the proposed MPA area to divert their catch efforts elsewhere. In anticipation of the MPA zoning, the team have prepared a grid analysis to simulate the economic gains from biomass increase resulting from the establishment of no-take areas near areas of high biodiversity value (combining values of both fisheries and tourism – see more information in box one). This grid analysis will be refined as the MPA zoning plans are completed. Building upon previous infrastructure analysis conducted by WCS, this assessment also identified a new private sector processor (from Ambon) recently granted processing rights in the region, with preparations underway to start shipments of tuna loins in late 2018, providing further opportunity for market access.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 61 Mare. At this site, assessments by Marine Change explored current incentives for sustainability, revealing a need for further investment and incentivization in the region. Current fisher practices include destructive gears (hookah and bomb fishing), including almost daily bombing taking place in the key dolphin and coral region (anticipated to be protected under the MPA in development at the site). Therefore investments in this region will need to be implemented to incentivize fishers to change gears as well as promote MPA compliance and encourage involvement in, and strengthening of, the community POKMASWAS. Such investment opportunities will be further explored during MPA zoning.
Maluku
Sawai Bay. Assessments at this site revealed fishing pressure is moderate and artisanal in nature throughout the bay. There is a high dependence on fishery resources, particularly for communities in Pulau Tujuh, Saleman, Labuan, and Galo Galo. Therefore provision of incentives to avoid any detrimental impacts from fishery interventions will be critical in these locations. There are clear signs of overfishing in areas that are easily accessed by villages, particularly around Pulau Tujuh, where megafauna such as sharks and rays are also often caught. Studies suggest that sustainability and prosperity may be optimized by shifting the fisheries focus away from coastal demersal species to off-shore pelagic species. To that end, further assessments are currently underway by WWF to identify and quantify fishing locations and catch rates. Marine Change will then utilize this information, in conjunction with future MPA zoning data, to examine and identify any appropriate incentives or investments that may be required. Lease Islands. Initial assessments in this area revealed that fishing effort is currently concentrated on off-shore pelagic species, suggesting near-shore fisheries and their habitats within the anticipated MPA boundaries is not immediately at threat. However, data is extremely limited in this area, and further work is required to more appropriately assess nearshore catch efforts, particularly in the high-value areas identified through MPA establishment. Once this information is clear, further work will be undertaken to assess potential investment strategies to ensure sustainable use.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 62 BOX ONE: EXPLORING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE ERR MODEL EXPLORES FISHERIES AND TOURISM POTENTIAL
In FY18 work continued on the development of a tailored Economic Rate of Return (ERR) model that can be used as a tool to capture the economic impact of future marine and fishery interventions at a site,The andEconomic to express Rate of Return the tradeoffs(ERR) analysis between looks at local the income tourism and costsand overfisheries the different sectors scenarios: within an area.
Income Costs
$ $ $ $ $ ERR profit from salaries paid taxes to private public sector tourism and to Morotai Morotai investment investment fisheries residents District required required
Figure 18: The ERR model examines local income and cost potentials under different scenarios
Using Morotai as a case site, partners Marine Change prepared an economic model using data from SEA partners, local government (fisheries and tourism offices), and local business owners. The model included three different scenarios: (a) business as usual, (b) mass tourism, and (c) pristine tourism. The model is currently undergoing consultation with stakeholders, and has already been utilized in government meetings discussing sustainable development options and opportunities in the area. Additionally, a grid analysis for key economic/environmental sites within the proposed MPA in Morotai was developed. This juxtaposes the potential value of coral reefs from tourism and the potential value from fishing. The grid analysis included 4 different scenarios: (I) assuming no change in current catch effort, and a baseline growth in tourism/diving with no change in biomass; (2) assuming an increase in catch effort over time, resulting in increased fishing revenues, decreased fish stocks, and decreased tourism revenues; (3) assuming a decrease in catch effort over time, resulting in decreased fishing revenues, increased fish stocks, and increased tourism revenues; (4) assuming a no- take area was established on the sample reef, resulting in zero fishing revenues and a spike in biomass and tourism revenues. The results of this work will be utilized during socialization of the MPA zoning process, and in discussions with stakeholders for wider MPA and fisheries management issues.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 63 PROMOTING AND DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE MARINE TOURISM
In year 2, work accelerated considerably with regards to promoting and developing sustainable marine tourism as an alternative or supplemental livelihood. Sustainable marine tourism offers considerable potential to incentivize marine and coastal management, as it provides a clear link between effectively managing the resources that draw visitors to these generally remote locations, and improvements gained in livelihoods and earning potential.
North Maluku
Morotai. Having undergone a change in leadership (Bupati) in 2017, this year was opportune to socialize concepts and practices of sustainable marine tourism with the new leader and three key government agencies (Dinas Pariwisata, Bapedda and DKP) as they draft new strategic plans. Utilizing the ERR model (described in box one) efforts are underway to integrate the SEA Project’s objectives and sustainable development principles into these strategic plans. As a result of showcasing the ERR model, the ‘Pristine Marine Tourism’ scenario has been promoted for strategic development, and the government of Morotai is keen to share the emerging Morotai Tourism Strategy (including projections from the ERR model) with President Jokowi during an upcoming planned trip to the region. Moving forward, scoping work will be undertaken to refine the identification of key pristine tourism locations to factor into MPA zoning and tourism strategy development. In addition to this, SEA partners will work closely with private sector entities investing in the region (such as PT. Jababeka) to ensure investment plans align with the strategic goals of pristine tourism. At the local level, activities have been underway in FY18 to advance sustainable marine tourism capacity in local communities, with a focus on Galo Galo. Here, nine homestay providers have been supported with training and capacity building, learning about marketing tools, the identification of appropriate tourist activities, and engagement with national tourism operators. A trial voluntary donation system is also being established at this site, with tags being sold to visitors, and funds used to support a village welfare program. Initiated in April 2018, 11 tags have been sold to date, and donations have been received from operators Rip Curl. Mare. A rapid assessment undertaken in FY18 revealed the range of potential sustainable tourism enterprises and opportunities existing in Maregam and Marefoko villages. This included social attractions of pottery making and soap production, as well as natural attractions such ridge-to-reef trekking and dolphin viewing. Like Morotai, plans are underway to establish a voluntary user fee system at this site, and to date 27 homestay operators have been provided with training and capacity building to promote sustainable business management, and supported with accessing and managing social media marketing.
Maluku
Lease Islands. In FY18 a rapid assessment conducted on Lease Islands revealed key regions for tourism potential (in 11 communities). Partners CTC and Marine Change further explored these sites, interviewing key stakeholders (village heads, church leaders, fishers and existing tourism enterprises) to assess the potential for promoting sustainable marine tourism in the area. Results suggest dive tourism has the potential for expansion (and is currently underexploited) and a gap in the market exists for mid- range eco-lodge development to offer an alternative to limited existing options. Areas were also
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 64 identified for potential upgrade, in an effort to increase average stays on the islands from the current status of only three days, and invite further visitors from Ambon to enjoy the resources available on the islands. Koon-Neiden. This region is popular with liveaboards and dive tourists, and in 2015 a payment for ecosystem services (PES) user fee system was established that has continued to date. These payments are managed through a private sector partner (PT Samudera Ekowisata Indonesia) with 80 percent of funds generated going to the group Lembaga Adat Wanu Atalo’a (LEAWANA), where it is spent as follows: 10% tax, 20% conservation, 10% tradition/education, 10% neighboring villages, 50% Petuanan Kataloka. However, since its establishment, there have been obstacles to formalizing this PES system within local regulations. In addition to this, with the advancement of MPA management in the area, one of the most popular diving sites is anticipated to become a core zone, reducing potential revenue generation from the area. To address these concerns, in FY18 studies were initiated to identify and assess alternate diving locations to encourage continued tourism operations in the region, and mechanisms were further assessed to legalize PES revenue generation. Options identified will be further explored and advanced in FY19. Sawai Bay. This site is already an emerging tourism destination, particularly since a social media boom about the region that took place in 2015. To that end, a range of local community tourism enterprises are already in place and growing in Saleman and Sawai communities in particular. However, the results of an assessment conducted in FY18 suggest the region would benefit from technical support in sustainable marine tourism management, particularly with regards to waste management and water usage. In addition to this, work will be required to ensure the benefits of sustainable tourism are linked closely with the concepts of marine ecosystem management, and are shared equitably across communities in the bay. This is particularly important in communities such as Gale-Gale and Labuan, which are currently under-developed for tourism. Notably, in this reporting period, four tourism enterprises committed to joining the ‘Signing Blue’ initiative.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 65 BOX TWO: SIGNING BLUE PROGRESS: MALUKU AND WEST PAPUA The ‘Signing Blue’ initiative, implemented through WWF-Indonesia, provides Best Environment Equitable Practices (BEEP) guidelines to a range of tourism enterprises (including operators, hoteliers, transport providers, restauranteurs, guides, and handicraft producers). By becoming Signing Blue members, these tourism operators receive technical assistance from WWF-Indonesia to implement a Marine Tourism Improvement Program (MTIP), and are able to share their experiences and lessons learned through the Signing Blue forum. By FY18, 41 operators had been introduced to the Signing Blue concept, resulting in 12 operators committing to join the initiative:
Table 16: Tourism operators committed to joining the Signing Blue initiative
Membership involves three phases (see figure 19). At the time of writing eight operators are in phase I of the membership process, and four are in phase 2. Through the application and MITP planning support process, qualified Signing Blue assessors work with the operators directly. In order to expand available qualified assessors in the region, a training was conducted in FY18 with 11 trainee assessors, combining both theory and practice in order for assessors to develop their skills. 3
2 III. IMROVEMENT 1 PHASE II. MEMBERSHIP GRADE: PHASE ¬ Star Fish 1 I. ENTRY PHASE 4. Planning & Grading ¬ Star Fish 2 1. Application ¬ Star Fish 3 5. Membership ¬ Star Fish 4 2. Due Diligence Authorization ¬ Star Fish 5 3. Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) MONITORING & EVALUATION
Figure 19: The membership phases of Signing Blue
Moving forward, efforts will be focused on supporting the key technical needs identified in the various assessments undertaken, promoting Signing Blue members to advance through the membership steps, and developing tourism plans for key sites in the SEA portfolio. Also in FY19 a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) workshop will be convened by the SEA Project to engage NGOs, MPA managers, business operators, and government representatives in the development of PPP structures. The workshop will aim to build understanding about PPPs and their potential benefits
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 66 to MPAs, facilitate the creation of ideas of new PPP models within each of the SEA Project provinces, and support service improvements amongst small-scale tourism service providers in the three provinces.
PROMOTING PREFERENTIAL, MANAGED, AND SECURE ACCESS TO MARINE RESOURCES
In the marine tenure pathway, a range of activities have been implemented in FY18. Under the work of provincial marine spatial planning, each province is in the process of finalizing plans that prioritize areas up to 2 nm from the coastline to be utilized for small-scale fishing (≤ 10 GT). At the site level, many of the MPA planning processes are already incorporating customary secure tenure aspects into zoning plan discussions, particular in Berau Bay, Nusalasi, Bintuni Bay and South Sorong MPAs in West Papua. In addition to this, efforts to establish TURFS have advanced considerably in FY18 in both Maluku and West Papua.
Maluku
Supported by the Indonesia Locally Managed Marine Area, the concept of TURFs was socialized with 41 communities during this reporting period. TURF concepts were framed and adapted to traditionally understood ‘sasi’ systems locally, and through these efforts the communities, as shown in table 17, have gone on to make some level of commitment to establish sasi sites.
West Papua
The most advanced efforts in relation to TURF development can be found in Mayalibit Bay and Dampier Strait in Raja Ampat. Under the work of Rare, Mayalibit Bay now has 12 formally established TURF areas (locally known as kawasan perikanan adat – KPA) covering a combined area of 34,722 ha, with a further 15,680 ha set aside as no-take zones (reserves). In Dampier Strait, 21 KPAs have been established. To date, seven of these KPAs have identified no-take zones within their fishing grounds, four have identified sasi areas, and four have identified a combination of sasi and NTZs (TURFs + Reserves). These managed areas cover a combined total of 10,127 ha (see more information in section 2, Technical Approach 1).
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Est. Fishing TURF (sasi) Village Population Ground Establishment STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT Name M F Area (ha) (ha) CENTRAL MALUKU The regulation and zoning map has been legalized by the Aketernate 308 479 10,409 173 village government and customary institutions (Feburary 2018). Kobi Sadar, 654 The regulation and zoning map has been legalized by the Kobi Sonta 853 701 local governments and customary institutions from the 22,838 807 & Samal 1,000 882 three villages (20 November 2017). The zoning plan (joint) contains no-take zones that protect mangrove forests. WEST SERAM The draft regulation and zoning map has been developed by the village government and customary institutions in preparation for legalization. The zoning Hatunuru 210 203 469 12 plan contains no-take zones for: (a) fish banks, (b) sea turtles and maleo nesting grounds, and (c) the Lake Matapa ecosystem. The draft regulation and zoning map has been developed by the village government and customary Kasieh 837 531 6,014 TBD institutions and is currently undergoing review before finalization. The regulation and zoning map has been legalized by the Hulung 203 262 8,221 52 village government and customary institutions (26 May 2018). The draft regulation has been prepared and the mapping Taniwel 779 369 4,844 45 of fishing grounds has been completed. Murnaten 875 892 21,431 184 Under exploration Wakolo TBD 1,023 TBD Under exploration The draft regulation has been prepared and the mapping Niwelehu 461 425 TBD TBD of fishing grounds is underway. Table 17: Communities in Maluku committed to establishing sasi (managed access) systems in their fishing grounds.
Therefore, in summary there have been a number of achievements under the workstream of increasing incentives. Key challenges experienced in FY18 were in relation to the timing of activities, and the limited understanding amongst some government and stakeholder offices regarding the interlinks between incentivization and adoption of marine stewardship. In parallel, the project faced changes in Feed the Future funding (supporting much of this workstream), such that activities had to be re- contextualized to have pure biodiversity objectives. Nonetheless, building on the achievements of year 2, work moving forward into year 3 will focus, at the national level, on the development of fact-based policies for investment in sectors related to marine and fishery resources, as well as continuing the ERR model trialing for potential replication elsewhere in Indonesia. At the provincial level, there will be a focus on promoting access to incentives for fishers and women’s groups in targeted fishing communities and communities around MPAs.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 68 STRATEGIC APPROACH 4: ADVANCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
This strategic approach aims to support the development of policies and regulations necessary to achieve the targets of the USAID SEA Project. These policies and regulations provide the foundations and frameworks for governmental oversight of marine and coastal management, as well as driving the political will necessary to implement the multi-faceted tasks of the various agencies involved. In FY18, the SEA project supported the development and advancement of policies related to a range of different governmental frameworks at the national and provincial level.
NATIONAL EAFM-Related Policy Support
Support to the Amendment of Fisheries Laws to Incorporate a Functional Definition of Small-Scale Fisheries. In FY18 work continued from year 1 of the project to develop a white paper aimed at promoting the recognition and inclusion of small-scale fisheries into fisheries law. This white paper, titled ‘Functional Definition of Small-Scale Fisheries in Support of Marine Capture Fisheries Management in Indonesia’ has been completed in collaboration with MMAF units, particularly the MMAF Center for Social and Economy Research and PURISKAN. Based on several discussions and a review process, it was agreed that fisheries management would be enhanced by introducing two different, but related terms, in different laws: small-scale fishers will be introduced into the law on empowerment of fishers, while small-scale fisheries will be inserted into the law concerning fisheries. Therefore, in the final version of the white paper, the USAID SEA Project and MMAF define small-scale fisheries as “any fisheries, managed at the household level, fishing without or with a fishing boat of, at the largest, < 5 GT, and using fishing gears that are not operated by engines.” The white paper is ready for submission to the Legal Bureau of MMAF. In addition, the USAID SEA Project has decided to publish part of the paper in an international academic/scientific journal with the permission and involvement of the MMAF Center for Social and Economy Research and PURISKAN. The publication is aimed to facilitate bigger policy discourse (including pros and cons of the proposed policy idea) in order to support MMAF in the amendment of the Fisheries Law in Indonesia. There were also plans in FY18 to further develop a white paper on ‘Incentives to Small-Scale Fisheries as an Empowerment and Protection Mechanism’ (with recommendations for implementing law no. 7/2016 on the empowerment and protection of fishers). However, work for this white paper encountered challenges aligning the subsidy concepts originally being advocated with the subsidy requirements under Indonesia’s World Trade Organization agreement. Therefore, for now, work on this white paper is temporarily suspended pending further review.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 69 MPA Related Policy Support
Development of a White Paper on Management and Zoning Plans of MPAs. The MMAF Ministerial Regulation no. 30/2010 on MPA Zoning and Management Plans is intended to be the foundational policy to guide the design and creation of effective MPAs (to secure marine biodiversity and food security) and MPA networks (to ensure refuges are connected and resilient). However, based on review by the USAID SEA Project, several weaknesses exist in this regulation, and through consultation with MMAF the project team has been invited to prepare draft amendments to the regulation in the form of a white paper. In FY18 this white paper was completed, and includes recommendations for MPA design criteria, key management actions to consider in planning, logical frameworks for planning, and clarification around management principles. It also encourages alignment with global standards for MPA categories as defined under IUCN frameworks. In FY19 work will continue to promote the adoption of these recommendations into amended policy. Support to the Development of a White Paper on Types of Conservation Areas and the Establishing of Marine Protected Areas. As outlined in section 2, page 21, USAID SEA Project has been supporting the simplification and clarification of MPA regulations. To that end, in February 2018 the MMAF Legal Bureau and Directorate of Biodiversity and Marine Conservation have agreed to combine three key policy documents into one. The three key policies are: (a) the amendment of MMAF Ministerial Regulation no. 17/2008 on Conservation Areas in Coastal and Small Islands, (b) MMAF Ministerial Regulation no. 2/2009 on Procedure for Establishing MPA, and (c) MMAF Ministerial Regulation no. 30/2009 on MPA Management and Zoning Plans. The latter is still going through review for amendment (see above), but once updated, the three policies can be merged. The new single policy will simply be named the MMAF Ministerial Regulation on MPA Management. Development of a White Paper on Securing Ecological and Institutional Connections in Establishing MPA Networks. Production of this white paper drew upon the experiences of the USAID SEA Project to establish provincial MPA networks. Inputs to the white paper came particularly from the results of workshops and consultations in West Papua during their MPA network planning process. It provides recommendations for best practice approaches to designing, establishing and managing MPA networks to ensure ecological and institutional connectivity. It emphasizes the importance of identifying clear goals and SMART objectives (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bounded) in MPA network planning, which include biophysical, socioeconomic, governance, and cultural considerations. It outlines how to define performance indicators and how to monitor these indicators over time, as well as best practice approaches for incorporating adaptive management into operations. The white paper was submitted to MMAF in August 2018 as support material for the MMAF’s development of the National Guidelines for the Development of MPA Networks. Development of a White Paper on Securing Ecological and Institutional Parameters in the Performance Indicators of MPA Networks. Building on the above-described work, the MMAF Directorate of Biodiversity and Marine Conservation has requested further guidance with regards to best practice approaches for securing ecological and institutional parameters into the performance indicators of MPA networks. This work is in progress, and the SEA Project is leveraging this opportunity to ensure that the criteria used will be able to show empirical evidence that the collaborative partnerships of MPA networks effectively enhances the management and conditions of individual MPAs.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 70 In FY18 there were also plans to support the development of guidelines for area utilization and permits within different types and zones of MPAs. However, this work has been cancelled at the request of the MMAF Directorate of Biodiversity and Marine Conservation, following the issuance of a specific regulation to guide provincial institutions that has since been released by the Ministry of Home Affairs. Therefore, it has been decided to first observe implementation progress of this new regulation before making the guidelines.
MSP Related Policy Support
Support the development of RZWP-3-K Monitoring and Evaluation Policy. In 2018, the SEA team has started to assist MMAF to prepare the policy design for monitoring the implementation of RZWP-3-K. The USAID SEA Project has developed an initial policy paper that includes recommendations for institutional arrangements, systems, procedures, parameters, and criteria of the RZWP-3-K monitoring and evaluation system; it also outlines the human resources needed for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of RZWP-3-K. The policy paper has been developed based on regulatory analysis, lessons learned during the RZWP-3-K development process, and the observed strengths and weaknesses of spatial plans that have so far been implemented in Indonesia. In 2018, there was little opportunity however to bring the relevant stakeholders together to discuss the draft policy considerations. Therefore, this activity will be carried forward to the FY19 work plan.
Law Enforcement Related Policy Support
Support for the Development of a White Paper on Banning or Reducing the Supply of Blast Fishing Raw Materials. This white paper was developed based on the result of assessments conducted in FMA 715. Upon completion it was one of several inputs utilized by the Directorate of Surveillance for Marine Resources in the development of the draft National Action Plan (RAN) to Combat Destructive Fishing. Support for the Development of a Draft Ministerial Decree on Community-based Marine and Fisheries Surveillance System. As outlined in the section on law enforcement, this activity has been successfully completed. For this work the USAID SEA Project facilitated stakeholder consultations and discussions across all three provinces, resulting in a draft decree incorporating significant recommendations, particularly on: (a) the contextualization of SISWASMAS following law 23/2014, (b) the role and function of POKMASWAS, (c) systems for strengthening SISWASMAS practices, and (d) a standardized approach to POKMASWAS institutional developments (and working operational mechanisms). This is considered a significant achievement of FY18.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 71 Other law enforcement support in FY18 was to have included support for the development of a white paper on the Institutional Framework to Implement PSMA at the National Level. This, however, has not been achieved (as discussed in the section on law enforcement), as it was decided that MMAF would draft the regulation internally before engaging USAID SEA Project and NOAA-OLE to provide intensive technical support and guidance for finalization. This support will commence in FY19. In addition to this, MMAF decided to convene a forum to disseminate customary law practices for effective and sustainable MPA and fisheries management without the help of the USAID SEA Project (as was originally planned); the SEA Project provided support by facilitating representatives from provincial and district DKPs to attend the forum and present customary law practices from their regions. Support for the development of an Indonesian Marine and Fisheries Compliance Strategy has also been put forward into FY19 (more details are available in the section on Law Enforcement), and plans to conduct meetings and/or workshops to coordinate and facilitate policy lessons related to Customary Law Practices for Effective and Sustainable MPA and Fisheries Management have also been carried forward, due to other fora competing for time.
PROVINCIAL
Facilitate Communications between Provincial Government and DPRD to Process Provincial Regulations (PerDa) for RZWP-3-K. In 2018, the USAID SEA Project intensively supported the provincial governments to finalize their marine spatial plans. Following the successful completion of RZWP-3-K for North Maluku and Maluku, the project provided facilitation support to attain the PerDa to enact the plans. This technical assistance was well received, and led to the enactment of PerDa no. 2/2018 on RZWP-3-K for North Maluku 2018 – 2038, and PerDa no. 1/2018 on RZWP-3-K for Maluku 2018 – 2038. Facilitate Communications between the Provincial Government, District Government, MMAF and MoHA to Finalize the Marine and Fisheries Personnel, Financing, Infrastructure, and Documents (known as P3D) to be Transferred from District Government to Provincial Government. The transfer of MPAs from district to provincial jurisdiction was completed in all but one site in 2018. However, for other elements requiring P3D transfer, particularly related to fisheries and surveillance, there have been lengthy and complex political issues, as well as complications between provincial and districts governments. Therefore, the project team has placed this assistance on hold, focusing only on transfers related to MPAs, so this workstream is now operating under the MPA (TA2) component. Streamlining Sustainable MPA and Fisheries Management into the Provincial Medium- Term Development Plans (RPJMD). Achievements towards this have been varied across provinces.
North Maluku and Maluku — In both provinces, support to ensure that sustainable MPA and fisheries management issues are reflected in the provincial RPJMDs has been postponed to January 2019, in line with planned timelines within those provinces for RPJMD development. Preliminary support for North Maluku will begin in October 2018, and for Maluku in November 2018.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 72 West Papua — Here the deadline for the RPJMD was October 2018, therefore support has been provided in FY18 to try and incorporate sustainable MPA and fisheries management in the plan. However, support was only possible over a two-week window provided by the province, and given this limited timeframe efforts were focused on supporting the province’s DKP to effectively develop their annual work plan and budget to incorporate activities to promote sustainable fisheries, MPA management, marine spatial management and law enforcement. In addition to this, there are plans to involve representatives from West Papua in on-the-job training to accompany USAID SEA Project when the RPJMD support is being provided to North Maluku and Maluku provinces. This is in order to allow West Papua staff to have greater exposure to planning processes for replication in future. Supporting the Development of Customary Laws. This work has predominantly been undertaken in Maluku and West Papua.
Maluku — Here support was provided to acquire customary laws for community management (Peraturan Negeri Tentang Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam) in Central Maluku and West Seram. To achieve this, training was provided on the processes required to develop village regulations in a participatory way. By the end of FY18 three of the communities have successfully produced and formalized these village regulations, enacted by the Village Head, with endorsement from the Head of the Sub-District. West Papua — Through SEA partners Rare, more than 70 villagers from Dampier Strait and Mayalibit Bay were trained in the production of Village Regulations in FY18. This activity was aimed at supporting the production of customary fishing regulations. The work resulted in Village Regulations being drafted for a total of 33 traditionally-managed fishing areas (KPAs). Furthermore, the project is aiming to acquire a Bupati Decree on the Establishment of Committee on Recognition and Protection of Customary Law Community in Raja Ampat. This is drawing upon the Minister of Home Affairs’ Regulation no. 51/2014 on the Recognition and Protection of Customary Law Community. A draft has been prepared in FY18 for follow up in FY19.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 73 STRATEGIC APPROACH 5: INSTITUTIONALIZE TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING
In FY18 the USAID SEA Project successfully delivered on its overall targets for training and capacity building with a total of 535 people receiving training across project activities (see figure 20 and Annex One for a full list of trainings). Trainings delivered in FY18 were primarily related to the themes of MPAs, EAFM and law enforcement, with the largest proportion taking place in Maluku province, though distribution between national level training and training in the three provinces was otherwise relatively equitable. Overall 77 percent of training recipients were male, and 23 percent female. Whilst a bias towards male trainees is unavoidable in situations where departmentally-related training encounters predominantly male staff in a given department, nonetheless further effort is required to make gender representation in training more equitable. It is important to note that the trainings captured here only represent the verified trainings under the USAID SEA Project guidelines. Further trainings were conducted in FY18 that are not yet represented in this data as they are still going through the verification process.
Figure 20: An overview of USAID SEA Project supported training in FY18.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 74 In addition to training delivery, the SEA Project also provided support for curriculum design, training program design, and technical content for two national competency standards (SKKNI) within MMAF; one for MPA outreach, and one for marine tourism management in MPAs. SKKNI production requires a number of steps, broadly: (a) mapping existing competencies and those required to achieve work goals; (b) undertaking a series of writing workshops to design, draft, and develop the preliminary SKKNI document; (c) socializing and acquiring feedback on the draft from wide ranging stakeholders; (d) gaining external verification SKKNI documents through the Ministry of Manpower; (e) socializing the convention of the SKKNI; (f) drafting a ministerial decree for approval; and (g) launching SKKNI. In FY18 the MPA outreach SKKNI (Penjangkauan di Kawasan Konservasi Perairan, Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil) was formally endorsed through Ministry of Manpower decree no. 96/2018, and the marine tourism management in MPAs SKKNI (Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi untuk Pariwisata di Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau- pulau Kecil) through Ministry of Manpower decree no. 55/2018. In this period, work also commenced on developing a Specific Work Competency (SK3) for Port State Measures Agreement Training for Inspectors and Managers. Work towards this SK3 will continue in FY19. Likewise, a modular training-of-trainers course for institutional strengthening of POKMASWAS has been initiated in this year, and work will continue to finalize the modules for this training in FY19. Through the above work, there has been considerable advancement in the institutionalization of training and capacity building. Institutionalization has also been supported through the advancement of the EAFM Learning Centers. To date four official university-level centers have been established, in Khairun University (North Maluku), Pattimura University (Maluku), Muhammadiyah Sorong University (West Papua), and Papua University (West Papua). A planned study tour to the US to learn about MPA networks, operations, and species conservation has been postponed to early FY19 to ensure the availability of government personnel to join the tour. In addition to this, since the enactment of law 23/2014, there have been uncertainties amongst government officials regarding the roles and responsibilities for mainstreaming capacity building support, a situation that has created challenges for several on-boarding initiatives. The planned Risk Analysis Training (HACCP) has also been postponed to FY19, though the assessment to inform the training has been completed.
INNOVATIONS
Skills are also being enhanced at both the national and regional level through the development and trialing of a range of innovations. Innovations may be products, processes, tools, approaches, service delivery models, and/or other interventions that have the potential to achieve significant (not incremental) improvements in development outcomes versus existing alternatives. In simplified terms, innovations can be broken down into two broad categories: processes and tools. Innovative Processes
In FY18 a range of innovative processes were advanced to support the strategic and technical approaches of the USAID SEA Project. Of particular note are the following.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 75 The Participatory Planning Process Utilized for RZWP-3-K Development. The experience of facilitating, coordinating and engaging multiple stakeholders in the marine spatial planning processes at the provincial levels has provided a model that many wider provinces in Indonesia have expressed interest in replicating. Factors that helped push North Maluku and Maluku from the bottom 10 ranked provinces in the country for MSP, to the top 10, were the provinces’ efforts to: (a) ensure the concerns and interests of fisher and customary adat communities were reflected in their plans; (b) enable multiple stakeholders to score and weight prospective utilization patterns based on ranging values and norms; and (c) portion roles and responsibilities amongst support agencies to provide complementary and timely technical support as a parallel process. While MMAF has provided overview guidance to the provinces to ensure stakeholder engagement, specificity in the guidance documents is lacking; the extensive mechanisms promoted for stakeholder engagement through this work were all due to facilitation provided by the USAID SEA Project. Procedures for the Participatory Design and Establishment of TURFS. Through the work of Rare in Raja Ampat, procedures and process steps for facilitating the participatory design and establishment of TURFs is a first-of-its-kind in Indonesia. From mediating community tenure claims, to mapping boundaries, and implementing TURF-specific harvest control strategies, the steps achieved provide a framework for potential replication elsewhere in the advance of rights-based fisheries management. Incorporating Robust Institutional Management Frameworks into Policy. Across several of the strategic and technical approaches being implemented under the USAID SEA Project there have been unparalleled advances in incorporating robust institutional management frameworks into policy. From the first ever design of institutional steps for POKMASWAS development and the draft revisions of community surveillance systems (SISWASMAS) (KepMen no. 58/2001), to the consolidation of three different legal frameworks (PerMen no.17/2008, no. 2/2009 and no. 30/2010) into a simplified single structure to guide the establishment and effective management of MPAs, these all represent innovative processes that are promoting new opportunities for effective leadership, reflected in the nations policy environment. Innovative Tools
In the USAID SEA Project a wide range of tools and technologies are utilized in both the office and the field. In the office environment, a new USAID SEA Data Portal has been designed and developed in FY18 for launch in early FY19 (to be reported fully in FY19 once operational). In the field, the SEA core team and its partners have been trialing, testing, refining, and utilizing a range of innovative tools, at a range of geographic scales. The key technological innovations are described below.
TRIAL INNOVATION Vessel tracking systems to identify fishing grounds REGION GPS trackers, such as SPOT Trace (small battery-powered devices) can be attached to any North Maluku vessel and use satellite technology to track the vessels movements. Data is relayed to a central & Maluku database, and can also interface with I-FISH technology (mentioned in previous innovation). Enables real-time tracking and trend analysis on fishers’ movements, helps identify fishing locations and travel patterns. Supports management planning and monitoring.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 76 TRIAL INNOVATION Handheld devices for fisheries data collection REGION These devices utilize technology to record and upload field fisheries data in real-time, and North Maluku, includes: I-FISH, OURFISH, WWF-ID resource monitoring, MDPI – supplier App, iDAPAR and Maluku, & FISH-AP2HI. The systems contain robust protocols for data collection. Compatible West Papua technologies interface with the central I-FISH database hosted under MMAF, to ensure data is secure and accessible for analysis. System usage is not limited to scientific researchers, and may be used by the private sector and communities. Supports assessments and long-term fisheries monitoring.
TRIAL INNOVATION MPA Alert System based on VIIRS data REGION A system for detecting boat activity in a defined area (such as an MPA core zone) at night. West Papua Preliminary trials suggest the system is effective at detecting vessels using lights >1,000 watts. The data collated correlates with available VMS and AIS data, and offers the means (beyond existing technology capabilities) to capture the movement of non-tracked vessels. Can potentially augment MPA managers’ suite of tools for enforcement, make data available for reactive enforcement, and reveal patterns and trends to guide and inform zonal management.
TRIAL INNOVATION MSP Geoportal Database - SEANode REGION An online geoportal database using a LINUX operating system, equipped to house all National provincial spatial data, MSP thematic data, and all the marine spatial utilization guidance documents that have been formally endorsed by legislation. Aims at: monitoring and evaluating the progress of MSP in Indonesia; ensuring all relevant data and information is securely stored, managed, and accessible for use; and supporting permits and licensing systems for marine spatial utilization that prevent resource uses that are incompatible with sustainable development (interlinked through the OSS system).
TRIAL INNOVATION Offline SIMKADA – Process and App REGION A system and storage application to integrate vessel registration data from remote areas into National a central database. Aims to support regions with limited internet access, where operationalizing the online SIMKADA one-stop-center process is not possible.
TRIAL INNOVATION Non-equilibrium biomass dynamics (BDM) model REGION A stock assessment statistical analysis tool to support: (a) the effective testing of available data National (pre-analysis, to assess levels of robustness), and (b) the utilization of approved data (analysis) to determine stock status assessments. May also be utilized to support trend analysis in a given fishery, and allows for the formation of optional scenario future projections. It is an alternate tool to the ‘equilibrium’ model previously used by MMAF. Outputs inform and guide management planning.
In FY18 ten innovations were verified, which is equal to 83 percent of the LOP targets for innovations.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 77 SECTION 4. MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS AND CROSS- CUTTING ACTIVITIES
In FY18 the project management and cross-cutting components of the USAID SEA Project were successfully consolidated, providing a clear framework for the remainder of the project life. Elements reviewed in this section include project operations, internal and external coordination activities, media engagement, and gender inclusion. Management activities related to monitoring, evaluating and learning are presented in section 5.
OPERATIONS Staffing
In FY18 the USAID SEA Project recruited 11 new staff to its core team (see Annex Two), taking the total number of core staff to 42. In addition to this, two interns were engaged in this period, to support policy and gender analysis respectively. Within the core team, only the positions of Policy Specialist and Communications Specialist currently remain to be filled. In parallel, the USAID SEA Project implementing partners continued to fulfil their Year 2 staffing plans. A list of all staff supporting the project - at both the national and local levels - is presented in Annex Three. At the end of FY18 this list comes to 256 individuals. Organizational charts for core operations and regional staffing are shown in Annexes Four and Five.
USAID SEA Project Contract Modifications
In FY18 the SEA Project team met with USAID to discuss a number of contract modifications intended to streamline project management and to adjust several contract requirements that were proving difficult to follow. The agreed USAID SEA contract modification addressed the need to extend the period within which the project was required to submit its activity, technical and other reports to USAID to ensure sufficient time to review, edit and amend technical and other reports as needed prior to final submission. The new language in the contract is as follows: "Due date: Reports on a training, workshop, conference up to and including five-day duration must be delivered no later than 45 calendar days after the completion of the respective activity. Reports for an assessment, study survey, or training more than five days in duration must be delivered no later than 60 calendar days after the completion of the respective activity.”
Internal Collaboration and Coordination
Core Team and Field Offices. The USAID SEA Project is headquartered in Jakarta, with one regional office in Ambon and two field offices in Ternate and Sorong. The head and regional office are both run by the USAID SEA core team, while two field offices in Ternate and Sorong are run by WCS and WWF- Indonesia respectively. WWF also maintains an office in Ambon under its own support, with a portion provided by the USAID SEA Project to cover office space for SEA-supported WWF staff, so that some
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 78 leverage will be generated through co-sharing with another donor. Internal collaboration and coordination adheres to the Integrated Communication and Coordination Plan. Core Team and Subcontractors. The USAID SEA Project expanded its team in 2018 and has engaged partners with specific scopes of work to achieve its program objectives. Implementing partners are engaged through a subcontracting mechanism. For new partners, a fixed-price contract (a deliverable-based subcontract mechanism) has been used. Subcontractor tasks are integrated under a single work plan and project structure. Inter-organizational communication is supported through thematic working groups for each strategic approach and associated key technical approaches; an assigned core team leads with corresponding subcontractor representatives in each group. The USAID SEA core team provide technical and administrative leadership, integrating and tracking activities against work plans, and ensuring collaboration among staff and across geographies. The Chief of Party (COP) and Deputy Chief of Party (DCOP) ensure that activities and inputs are coordinated across the project tasks. For routine coordination amongst partners, the project uses a monthly calendar that is updated weekly to accommodate changes in activities. Starting Year 3, the USAID SEA Project’s online calendar will have a real-time updating function. A full list of sub-contractors as of September 2018 is provided on page 5.
EXTERNAL COORDINATION Coordination with the Government of Indonesia
The USAID SEA Project is the largest of four projects under the USAID Marine Biodiversity and Sustainable Fisheries Program in Indonesia. The other projects within this program, work parallel to the USAID SEA Project, and are as follows:
Advisory Support and Capacity Building on Marine and Fisheries Management Issues and Satellite Data Support for Fishing Boat Detection Project (implemented by NOAA). Public Private Partnership for Supporting Nature and People Partnerships for Enduring Resources (SNAPPER) (implemented by TNC). Strengthening Fisheries Governance and Maritime Law Enforcement Response Project (implemented by INTERPOL). In July 2016, USAID Indonesia signed a Technical Arrangement with MMAF to cover the four projects of the USAID Indonesia Marine Portfolio. This Technical Arrangement has shaped and become the basis of the USAID SEA Project’s relationship and coordination with the GOI through MMAF. The Technical Arrangement set up a Governance Board that consists of representatives from the Marine and Fisheries National Development Planning Board (Bappenas), MMAF, LIPI, and the Coordinating Ministry of Maritime Issues to oversee the coordination of the four projects. The Technical Arrangement also established a Technical Team to provide technical and management oversight for overall planning and implementation of the USAID Marine Biodiversity and Sustainable Fisheries Program. The Technical Team is co-chaired by the Head of Planning Bureau of MMAF and the Director of Bappenas). The Technical Team further assigned the USAID SEA Project to counterpart with specific MMAF technical directorates and offices, thus ensuring the alignment of project activities
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 79 with GOI priorities and plans. USAID Indonesia leads coordination meetings under this Technical Arrangement with support from the USAID SEA Project. In FY18, there were changes in MMAF’s organizational structure that led to difficulties implementing the planned bi-annual meetings for the Technical Steering Committee. However, regional activities continued unaffected based on the above Technical Agreement, and a Governance Board meeting held on 13 September 2018 to discuss the USAID SEA Project’s FY19 work plan. This meeting was opened and directed by MMAF Secretary, General Bapak Nilanto Perbowo, and Chaired by MMAF Head of Planning Bureau, Ibu Ishartini. At the regional level, the USAID SEA Project works with three provincial governments as well as multiple district agencies within each province. A Provincial Thematic Technical Working Group has been established to oversee the implementation of the USAID SEA Project at the provincial level, and this group meets regularly with project team members when needed in relation to the implementation of activities. Coordination with Wider Stakeholders
Wider stakeholders are outlined in the Integrated Communication and Coordination Plan. These include other USAID project, regional inter-governmental initiatives, regional and international donors and associated support initiatives (such as ASEAN, SEAFDEC and NOAA), private foundations supporting marine initiatives (such as the Packard, Walton, MacArthur and Cargill foundations), wider NGOs and academic institutions engaged in marine and coastal management. Coordination and communication with these entities has largely been achieved through sharing of reports, attending of events together, and inviting key stakeholders where relevant to SEA Project events in Ambon and Jakarta.
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS: MEDIA & MARKETING Media Engagement
In FY18 the USAID SEA Project experienced a considerable increase in media engagement and production. A total of 93 media pieces were generated through multiple portals, including newspapers, television, radio, and web-based platforms. This is a 60 percent increase in media coverage compared to year 1. Key activities that generated media interest included:
The Advanced Training on Port State Measures Agreement held in January 2018 — was broadcast on a primetime news program on Metro TV (one of the top national news stations). The activity was also picked up by Kompas newspaper (as a photo story), and the Jakarta Post (as a feature article). Small-scale vessel registration processes — were filmed in Saparua, Maluku, and in West Papua, with stories aired twice (on Kompas TV Ambon and Kompas TV’s news program ‘Sapa Siang’), and was picked up by local newspapers in the region as well as online news platforms. The news packages highlighted the benefits of vessel registration for small-scale fisheries, and TV broadcasts included a short interview with one of the fishers participating in the activity. MPA establishment steps in Fakfak — generated considerable media coverage, with radio broadcasts involving dialogue with local government and CI representative, as well as lively discussions with phone-in callers.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 80
Figure 21: Media engagement across different platforms in FY18.
In FY18 the USAID SEA Project also supported its first media trip, to Morotai, North Maluku. The trip intended to generate more in-depth reporting to inform a wide audience about MPA development processes and the importance of sustainable marine and coastal management. The trip resulted in a photo story publication, two feature publications and a 3-minute video published on the Kompas platforms, as well as a 20-minute broadcast produced by Metro 360 (scheduled to air in October 2018).
Coverage Distribution (by location) Oct 1, 2017 – September 30, 2018 North Maluku 1% National Maluku 64% 9%
West Papua 26%
Figure 22: Media coverage generated by the SEA Project, disaggregated by location.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 81 The media interest received in FY18 clearly shows that marine and fisheries issues are of interest to a wide audience. However, an assessment of geographical coverage of media publications shows a clear preference for national platforms (more than 60 percent), suggesting more effort is required in FY19 to promote media publications at the provincial and local scale.
Web and Social Media Presence
In year 2 the USAID SEA Project considerably advanced its digital media platforms and exposure. After completing a set of privacy and governance documents, and passing the site security testing, the USAID SEA Project received the final approval to launch its website from the USAID Website Governance Board (now accessible at: www.sea-indonesia.org). This website serves as a public information platform, and is accessible to a broad audience. It includes information about the project’s background, goals, objectives, operations, upcoming activities, results, achievements, success stories, and other relevant information.
In addition to the website, two social media outlets were launched in February 2018 — a Facebook fan page and an Instagram account. Prior to their launch, a Social Media Strategy (including an Editorial Plan) was developed and received approval from USAID. These platforms enable the USAID SEA Project to engage with stakeholders in a more interactive environment. With more than 4,500 fans on the Facebook page, and nearly 2,000 followers on Instagram, both channels have been able to create more dynamic online conversations, reaching more than 20,000 unique social media users engaging with messages posted by the SEA team. These platforms have also enabled online events to take place, most notably a photo contest (conducted in commemoration of World Ocean Day), which generated 50 entries.
Figure 23: Overview of activity on the USAID SEA Project Facebook fan page, FY18.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 82
Figure 24: Overview of USAID SEA Project Instagram activity, FY18.
Print and Online Publications
In FY18 the USAID SEA Project also launched its bi-annual newsletter ‘Talking SEA’. This aims to showcase the project’s results and progress through reader-friendly articles, stories from the field, and news features. The first edition was published in December 2017 and the second in August 2018. The printed newsletter has been distributed to a wide audience through project and public events, and the electronic version is available online at the USAID SEA Project website.
Figure 25: The ‘Talking Sea’ newsletter was launched in FY18.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 83 This year also saw the finalization of The State of the Sea publication. This three-volume reader-friendly publication provides an overview of Indonesia’s marine and coastal status, from the national to the local level. From nation-wide action frameworks to real-world examples on the ground, the publication leads the reader on a journey through the USAID SEA Project sites, and provides insight into the active work underway in the U.S. / Indonesian partnership for advancing sustainable management of marine and coastal areas in the country.
Figure 26: The State of the Sea, a three-volume publication, was completed in FY18.
These books will be launched as a box set by the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia and the U.S. Ambassador at the OOC conference in FY19. They will also be available as e-books and downloadable pdf’s following the launch.
Public Engagement
Public outreach was further promoted in FY18 through a range of events. Most notably, the USAID SEA Project capitalized on the momentum leading up to the Our Ocean Conference (OOC) (scheduled in early FY19) to conduct a series of ‘Road to Our Ocean Conference’ events. These included public discussions and a talk show conducted at the U.S Embassy’s American Cultural Center (@america). Activities focused on three core areas of exploration at the upcoming OOC (maritime security, sustainable fisheries, and marine protected areas), and were attended by around 300 participants. Audience members included students, academics, journalists, bloggers, NGOs, and marine enthusiasts. Spin-off online discussions through social media platforms of the Sea team include live video streaming through Instagram and live tweets screened during the talk show in @america.
Another key engagement event was the Third International Conference Tuna Business Forum (ICTBF), where the USAID SEA Project organized a mini-exhibition aimed at increasing the project’s profile, particularly its work on sustainable fisheries. This event also promoted networking amongst tuna industry stakeholders, with government counterparts (Bappenas and MMAF), local fisheries offices, students, universities, academics and researchers exchanging information.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 84 GENDER AND SOCIAL INCLUSION
The USAID SEA Project FY18 Project Work Plan addresses USAID’s policy of integrating gender and social inclusion throughout the agency’s program cycle. The Project encourages stakeholders to provide equal opportunities for both genders to be involved in activities, discussions and decision-making. The involvement of women is specifically identified in each target area and intervention, and strengthened through capacity building on various aspects of fisheries and marine resource management. This year, the project continued to support several areas for gender-aware programming. This included focused support to women’s groups to promote alternative and supplemental livelihoods (e.g. soap production and community-based homestay development in Mare, North Maluku); active engagement of women in community meetings (e.g. tuna catch and processing sites in North Maluku); promotion of female involvement in capacity-building opportunities (e.g. MPA training across three provinces). Also, in FY18 an intern was recruited to explore gender-mainstreaming opportunities through the project, and identify mechanisms for strengthening this work moving forward. While it was recognized that women have a critical role in the fisheries sectors at USAID SEA project locations, the picture is very complex. As with other places in Asia, the fisheries value chains at the USAID SEA Project sites are shaped by the interplay between the varying activities of male and female stakeholders’ which, while complementary, influence each other’s efficiency and the final value added. In general, access to resources in the value chain has been a key factor in shaping the different of roles and responsibilities between men and women. Men often have greater access and connections to national value chains and greater bargaining power over intermediaries; while women sell fish at the retail level, mainly in local markets, where intermediaries tend to control the demand. To improve their positions in the value chain, female traders must be provided with the know-how and access to education and information on fish preservation and marketing so they can receive better quality fish and keep it fresh. In addition, it was observed that to achieve a sustainable impact on the social and economic outcomes of communities, it is important that men and women equally benefit from any fishing project and from technical and financial inputs, such as boats, fridges, educational materials, technical instruments and credit. Recommendations from this work also included identifying a gender point of contact and supporting further capacity building internally for understanding ‘mainstreaming’ as opposed to ‘engagement’ and setting a framework for gender analysis to ensure the gender mainstreaming work is moving forward. To this end, the project developed a gender mainstreaming checklist, adapted from two previous environmental USAID programs in Asia (see table 18). The purpose of this checklist is to provide guidance to project staff and implementing partners as they seek to integrate gender considerations into interventions. The checklist covers three stages of intervention implementation: planning and design, stakeholder consultation and engagement, and benefit-sharing. USAID SEA Project is entering the implementation phase, and though many interventions have already made it through the planning and design phase this checklist can be used retroactively. It is important to note and remember that gender mainstreaming is, and should be, an adaptive process in which changes to the strategy should be made as more information is gained, in order to best benefit under-represented groups in the target communities.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 85 Intervention Stage Questions Indicators Intervention What are the gender gaps demonstrated in past Incidence of consultation with a Planning and Design surveys and reports that relate to the gender specialist intervention? Number of USAID SEA Are relevant research papers, studies or interventions that integrate references, consultations included as annexes gender into the design providing justification for attention to gender? Amount of assigned resources to Can the goal of the intervention correct gender address issues (i.e. number of gaps by addressing the practical needs of women people and financial resources) and men or by transforming institutions that perpetuate gender inequality? Have USAID SEA proposed interventions been discussed with a gender specialist? Have the suggestions of the gender specialist been incorporated into the design? Stakeholder Are both men and women from concerned Number of USAID SEA Consultation and institutions consulted when undertaking USAID interventions that seek out Engagement SEA interventions? consultation with women and Is women’s representation secured in other underrepresented stakeholder consultations (e.g. policy dialogue, stakeholders workshops etc.)? Invitations to USAID SEA events Are any adjustments made to accommodate sent to a pre-determined special needs for consultation and USAID SEA percentage of women meetings (e.g., special spaces to capture women’s stakeholders appropriate for the consultation; adapting USAID SEA meetings to activity women’s and men’s time, education and capacity Number of reports that discuss levels; garnering men’s support to counter the capacity building needed to opposition to women’s consultative processes engage women and other and leadership)? underrepresented groups in interventions SEA Project Benefit Is there gender balance within the target Pre-determined percentage of Sharing beneficiary group? women benefited through SEA Do planned activities target and involve benefits Project interventions provided to both women and men? Number of interventions that Have potential negative risks (both intended and have gender considerations in unintended) to attain project benefits (e.g., their planning to increase increased work-burden to women due to inclusion participation in activities) been considered? Number of pathways created to Have pathways been put in place to reduce the reduce negative risks to gender likelihood of these potential negative risks? equality and women’s empowerment Table 18: USAID SEA gender mainstreaming checklist adapted from two previous environmental USAID programs in Asia
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 86 From the total LOP target, to date 20% of USAID SEA Project beneficiaries have been equipped with new knowledge and skills within priority sectors. The breakdown based on type of training, gender, and region is illustrated in Figure 27. As shown in the left graph, project beneficiaries that have been equipped with new knowledge and skills within priority sectors are mostly male (75%). The large majority of the beneficiaries (67%) are from three SEA Project provinces (North Maluku, Maluku and West Papua). Maluku has benefited most from USAID SEA Project activities, accounting for more than half (53%) of all beneficiaries.
Figure 27: Coverage and reach of USAID SEA Project activities by gender and geographical distribution.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 87 SECTION 5. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING
In FY18 the monitoring, evaluation and learning components of the USAID SEA Project were effectively strengthened, resulting in the production of clear resources, tools and frameworks for efficiently tracking project progress, and capturing knowledge and lessons learned to inform adaptive management.
DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENTS
Two data quality assessments (DQAs) were conducted in FY18. The first of these (conducted at the start of FY18) convened the USAID SEA Project team to review the strengths and weaknesses of the project indicator, and identify potential revisions to the Performance Indicator Results Sheets (PIRS). The assessment incorporated the criteria as provided by the USAID DQA team and in accordance with the Data Quality Standards (of validity, integrity, precision, reliability, and timeliness). Outputs of this first DQA led to the refinement of the ME&L plan and the production of a USAID SEA Project Indicator Reporting Manual (see further information below). The second DQA was conducted in the final quarter of FY18, as one of two prerequisit internal DQAs conducted by Tetra Tech over the life of the project. This DQA tested the efficacy of the modifications so far implemented, and found two key remaining issues to address:
a) The LOP biophysical targets for SA 2.4 (change in CPUE) and SA 2.5 (change in fish biomass) were set at a 10 percent increase from the baseline. However, given both the delays to the collection of baseline data (which is dependent upon government partners, with whom capacity strengthening for the collection and analysis of data is ongoing), as well as the realistic prospects for alterations to occur in the physical environment, this was adjusted to a target of “stable or increasing”. b) The use of household assets as a factor to assess improved economic benefits (under SA 3.1) is considered too limited to reflect possible impact in target areas. Due to the remoteness of many communities, and a lack of access to household commodities, increased incomes may not be reflected in asset accumulation. In addition to this, the extensive work efforts to collect the data necessary for assessment is a limiting factor for many partners. Therefore further complementary analyses are anticipated to support the rigour of this assessment beyond the indicator presented. These results informed the final adjustments to the ME&L plan, completed in September 2018.
FINALIZATION AND OPERATIONALIZATION OF THE MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING (ME&L) PLAN
The fifth and final version of the ME&L Plan incorporated the modifications identified through the DQAs, including refinements to several of the PIRS, refined data disaggregations, improved indicator definitions, and clearer learning questions. Notably some LOP targets were adjusted through this process, as shown in table 19. The plan has now been finalized, socialized, and is appropriate for implementation for the remainder of the USAID SEA Project.
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Former New USAID SEA PROJECT INDICATORS LOP LOP Targets Targets SA 1.1 Benchmark 1. Number of people exposed to USAID SEA 1 million 5,000 (people) Project messages through communication and media outreach (people) Targets for this SA were broken into benchmarks, with this refined target set based on media and communications focused at the community / village level. SA2.1c. Number of hectares of biological significance and/or 8.5 million 17.199.246 natural resources under improved natural resource management as (ha) (ha) a result of USG assistance, applying MSP (EG.10.2-2) This target was more than double based on the number of hectares targets for MSP support as verified by the SEA Project GIS team. SA2.2. Number of hectares of biological significance and/or Steady or natural resources showing improved biophysical conditions as a 1,000 (ha) improved result of USG assistance (EG.10.2-1) While the general target of 1,000 hectares remains, the aim for improved biophysical condition has been adjusted to recognize steady or improved biophysical status (i.e. no decline). This has been modified as the time duration of the project is generally not sufficient to make significant improvements in these parameters SA2.3. Number of small and medium-scale vessels registered or 900 (vessels) 1,200 (vessels) licensed (Custom) This LOP target has been increased due to a larger partner footprint in fisheries than originally anticipated. SA2.4. Percent change in catch per unit effort for selected gear Steady or 10% and landing sites (Custom) increase This target has been modified to simply measure change over the duration of the project since the time of the project is generally not sufficient to make significant improvements in these parameters. SA2.5. Percent change in reef fish biomass in selected MPAs Steady or 10% (Custom) Increase
This target has been modified to simply measure change over the duration of the project since the time of the project is generally not sufficient to make significant improvements in these parameters. SA3.1. Number of people with increased economic benefits derived from sustainable natural resource management and 600 (people) 450 (people) conservation as a result of USG assistance (EG.10.2-3) This has been adjusted based on the actual target figures in implementing partner contracts. SA3.3. Number of people with more secure tenure or managed 2,000 6,000 (people) access (Outcome/Custom) (people)
This has been increased due to implementing partners contracts and the anticipated number of beneficiaries of TURFs and LMMA's. SA4.1. Number of laws, policies, strategies, plans, or regulations addressing biodiversity conservation officially proposed, or 6 (legal 15 (legal adopted as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by documents) documents) type/stage) (Output/EG.10.2-5) This target has been increased due to the number of laws, policies, strategies, plans, and regulatory products anticipated to be developed through the work related to MPAs, MSP and Fisheries. SA5.1. Number of people trained in sustainable natural resources 1,600 management and/or biodiversity conservation as a result of USG 2,000 (people) (people) assistance (Output/EG.10.2-4) This has been increased due to large number of people to be trained under the various USAID SEA programs. Table 19: Adjustments to overall LOP targets in the fifth and final ME&L plan.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 89 To complement the ME&L plan, a USAID SEA Project Indicator Reporting Manual was also developed in the 2nd and 3rd quarters and finalized in the 4th quarter of FY18. The purpose of this manual is to provide easy-to-use guidance for reporting on the PMI targets. Importantly, the manual is expected to support consistent data collection, analysis, and reporting across project sites and activities. The manual also contains revised monthly, quarterly, and annual progress report templates.
During April and May, a series of one-on-one DATE IMPLEMENTING LOCATION training sessions were held with USAID SEA PARTNER Project for implementing partners in order to 10 April MDPI Sanur, Bali socialize this reporting manual and encourage 16-17 April AP2HI Jakarta improved reporting on project activities. These 23 April Reef Check Renon, Bali training sessions covered the following topics: (a) 26-27 April ILMMA Masohi, Maluku Tengah clarifying contractual obligations for reporting on 8-9 May WCS, RARE, TNC Bogor the project’s indicators; (b) training on the 11-12 May UNIPA and UKIP Sorong reporting requirements for each of these indicators; (c) assessing the contribution of 14-15 May CI Sorong current work activities to the PMI targets; (d) 4-6 June WWF-ID and CTC Jakarta gaining input and feedback on the draft USAID SEA Project Indicator Reporting Manual. Table 20: Schedule of the partner training sessions to socialize use of the Indicator Reporting Manual
OVERVIEW OF INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENTS
For FY18, seven strategic approach elements had fixed targets set for achievement. For one of these elements (SA1) results are shown in the breakdown of benchmarks. Figure 28 provides an overview of these achievements.
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Figure 28: (Previous page) Achievements of SA 1 to date (creating demand through awareness raising and advocacy); (Above) Remaining FY18 targets and achievements (actuals) for the USAID SEA Project.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 91 As figure 28 shows, of the 20 different targets set for FY18, 75 percent were achieved, and of those that were achieved, most of the results (80 percent) exceeded the targets set. Two of the targets achieved in FY18 were LOP targets (the completion of the marine spatial plans for North Maluku and Maluku province, SA2.1c). The overall number of people engaged to create demand through awareness and advocacy (SA1) is more than triple the target in one of the provinces. The number of vessels registered to date in North Maluku and Maluku also exceeded the expectation of 100 vessels in each province (SA2.3). Targets for training were exceeded in all but one of the geographies, while targets for innovations were exceeded across all of the provinces (SA5.2). And finally, the target for the amount of investment leveraged through the project (set at $500,000 USD) was exceeded by nearly $180,000 USD (SA3.2) (see table 21).
Level of Governance Public/Private Value (USD) Provincial Government DKP Public 277,884 District Government (DKP Fak Fak) Public 1,423 Sub-district Government Public 9,000 Village Level Public 1,884 Community Community 9,261 National Private Sector and NGO 380,185 679,637
Table 21: Leveraged investment in FY18
However, delays to the work in West Papua has resulted in targets not yet being achieved for both MSP and vessel registration in this province, though these delays are now being addressed and these targets are anticipated to be achieved in FY19. Finally, for law enforcement, the achievements were considerably lower than the targets anticipated for FY18. This is due to strategic focus being applied to strengthen the institutional foundations for law enforcement practices (with considerable success), such that measurable application of improved practices is anticipated to accelerate sharply in FY19. For the remaining indicators without fixed targets for FY18, Annex Six provides an overview of progress to date.
ME&L TECHNICAL SUPPORT FROM ‘MEASURING IMPACT’ AND ‘CLOUDBURST’
In FY18, ‘Measuring Impact’ (an entity under the USAID Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and the Environment’s Office of Forestry and Biodiversity, which aims to provide technical assistance to USAID missions, and is implemented by Environmental Incentives, Foundations of Success, and ICF International) provided training to the USAID SEA Project team on the use of theories of change (TOCs), SA results chains, and mechanisms to utilize indicators as roadmaps for self-evaluating progress and implementing adaptive management.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 92 Also in this reporting period, ‘Cloudburst’ provided training on socioeconomic analysis that can be used to measure and track the improvement of livelihoods, beyond the metrics captured under PMIs. This training included mechanisms to finalize data cleaning, and systems for running simple analysis using the data available. Using these revised datasets, partners were able to undertake clearer analysis and extract commonalities across regions and sites.
DATA PORTAL DEVELOPMENT
In FY18 the USAID SEA Project developed a new web-based monitoring and reporting system (data portal) in order to streamline and consolidate future data storage, tracking, and management. The portal was tested in September and will be fully functional in October 2018. It will be linked to the project’s intranet system and will have the following features: a master database to track progress against PMI; an online function to submit progress reports; a dashboard to track progress of PMI’s across project activities; and a calendar of events. Portal development was led by a web programmer engaged to oversee design and development, with input and involvement of the ME&L team and wider project staff.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 93 SECTION 6. KEY CHALLENGES, LESSONS LEARNED, AND OPPORTUNITIES MOVING FORWARD
Challenges, lessons, and opportunities continue to evolve within the USAID SEA Project. The major challenges experienced during project implementation in this year were as follows.
COMMON CHALLENGES AND LIMITING FACTORS ACROSS WORKSTREAMS Government partner capacity continues to be a challenge across many of the strategic and technical approaches of the USAID SEA Project. Over the reporting period, limitations to government staff capacity presented challenges to advancing EAFM-related work, slowed progress in some of the MPA sites, and created issues in the vessel registration process. In addition to capacity, the availability of government partners has often caused challenges, as many staff have wide and conflicting obligations, and waiting for available time periods can cause delays to work schedules. The USAID SEA Project continues to work closely with the relevant agencies, providing facilitation, technical support, and training as needed to overcome these capacity and availability gaps wherever possible.
Changes in government staff and leadership in some agencies can result in changes to departmental priorities, and this too has been a challenge that has presented itself, affecting activities related to Logbook initiation, and affecting the launch of the FMA 715 Fisheries Management Council. With changing priorities can come changes in budget and resource commitments, as seen in the case where site data verification was delayed due to the inability of BPRL to secure co-funding from the state budget (APBN). Where possible the USAID SEA Project works to align new priorities under existing frameworks, and draw upon the commitments made to re-galvanize support for priorities already agreed.
OTHER SPECIFIC CHALLENGES
The project had a challenging relationship with DKP Maluku in FY18, where the agency’s support and commitment wavered at times. This impacted the implementation of the work plan, especially activities associated with National Law no. 23/2014. However, through careful communication, the project was able to build confidence and gain a commitment for ongoing support. Looking forward, the relationship is expected to strengthen with expanded collaboration.
Under the strategic approach for policies and regulations the project is assisting at the national level on many issues: refining policies on MPAs, presenting amendments to fisheries laws, advancing frameworks for law enforcement (PSM, VIIRS and POKMASWAS) etc., all working with the appropriate MMAF Directorates. The challenge is that policy requires much discussion, and while the project assists with facilitation it does not dictate policy outcomes. The opportunity to improve policies is an important element of the SEA Project; but an important lesson is that the project has to be very strategic about what policy issues to get involved with due to the potential time and investment involved, and the likelihood that some policy debates will not be resolved within the duration of the USAID SEA Project. Thus working on issues of crucial importance to the SEA Project objectives must be a deciding criteria.
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The process of developing MPAs and TURFs at SEA field sites depends on the preparedness of the local communities as well as having the provincial planning process in order. Thus a challenge and lesson is the importance of working closely with local communities. The USAID SEA Project implementing partners need to be able to identify opportunities and solutions in each community and MPA. For example, WWF-ID attends customary council meetings in Bintuni Bay to provide information on MPAs and the benefits that they can bring to local communities to help assure buy-in. Similarly, ILMMA is working with multiple villages to reach agreements on sustainable resource management. A challenge to meet is the need for more presence at the community level by partner NGOs. During the second year of implementation, the SEA team has also learned that the implementation of Law no. 23/2014 has jeopardized surveillance and enforcement activities in the marine and coastal environment. The new decentralization system has eroded the willingness - and reduced the flexibility - of district DKPs to actively support provincial DKPs in law enforcement. In response to this, the USAID SEA Project always tries to involve MMAF, as well as the provincial and districts DKPs, in issues related to law enforcement so as to facilitate stronger communications and collaborative partnerships.
Finally, encouraging implementing partners to comprehensively report on project activities and provide sources of verification is an ongoing challenge for the project. To address this, the ME&L team prepared this year’s Project Indicator Reporting Manual and conducted a series of training sessions with implementing partners (see table 20). As a result, there has been a noticeable improvement in the reports and submission of data. The ME&L team will continue to work with implementing partners to ensure that reporting fully captures the project’s achievements.
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 95 ANNEX ONE: Full list of Verified Trainings Delivered in FY18
Total # SEA Training Program Theme Location Date parti- M F Geography cipants 1. Fisheries Enumerator Training EAFM Ambon MALUKU Oct 2017 14 8 6 2. Sustainable Use of Fisheries Resources by Applying Blue EAFM Ternate N. MALUKU Nov 2017 19 11 8 Economy to Support the Community-Based MPA Compliance 3. Signing Blue Assessor MPA Ambon MALUKU 11 8 3 4. Training of PSM Inspector to Implement PSM Agreement LE Jakarta NATIONAL Jan 2018 33 31 2 5. Communication and Outreach Training Workshop Other Waisai W. PAPUA Feb 2018 29 25 4 6. Sustainable Fisheries EAFM Fakfak W. PAPUA 36 30 6 7. Open Standards for Practice of Conservation and MPA MPA Ternate NORTH 10 6 4 Management Plan Document Preparation MALUKU 8. First Responder Initiation Workshop MPA Sorong W. PAPUA 26 24 2 9. Training of Trainers (TOT) for Marine Protected Area (MPA) MPA Ambon MALUKU 25 16 9 Design Using MARXAN 10. Village Regulation Preparation EAFM Waisai W. PAPUA Mar 2018 23 23 - 11. MPA101 for Community in Lease Islands Batch 1 MPA Saparua MALUKU Apr 2018 26 20 6 12. MPA101 for Community in Lease Islands Batch 2 MPA MALUKU 25 21 4 13. Formulation of Reference Points for Fisheries Management EAFM Bogor NATIONAL 16 11 5 14. First Responder Training on Stranded Marine Mammals Other Ambon MALUKU May 2018 23 21 2 15. MPA101 for Community in Sula Batch 1 MPA Sanana N. MALUKU 27 26 1 16. MPA101 for Community in Sula Batch 2 MPA Sanana N. MALUKU 21 20 1 17. MPA Design and OSPC for Sula, Buano and Lease MPA Ambon MALUKU 19 13 6 Stakeholders 18. Fundamental Marine Protected Area Training For Fisheries MPA Ambon MALUKU 25 12 13 Extension Officers In FMA 715 for Maluku Province 19. MPA101 for Community in Buano MPA Osi MALUKU Jul 2018 22 17 5 20. Stock Assessment and Fisheries Management Framework EAFM Denpasar NATIONAL Aug 2018 57 35 22 21. MPA Design and Open Standard for The Practice of MPA Semarang NATIONAL 22 17 5 Conservation Training for Central Java Government Staff 22. MPA101 for POKMAWAS and Fisheries Extension Officers MPA Demak NATIONAL Sep 2018 26 19 7 TOTAL BENEFICIARIES 535 414 121
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 96
ANNEX TWO: New Staff to the USAID SEA Project, FY18
Type of Name Position Date of Hiring Employment Regional Fishery Irene Sahertian 1 November 2017 Staff Specialist Data Management Santi Maulintania 2 January 2018 Staff Specialist Capacity Building Muhamad Nour 11 December 2017 Staff Specialist Mochammad Topandi Graphic Designer 8 January 2018 Staff Senior Communication Ely Chrisma Andrianita 15 January 2018 Staff and Outreach Lead Yuswandi IT Officer 15 January 2018 Staff Sustainable Fisheries Rifki Furqan 28 January 2018 Staff Coordinator Procurement and Benny Artico Jaya 5 March 2018 Staff Contract Assistant Marine Biodiversity/MPA Rudyanto 6 August 2018 Staff Advisor Project Coordinator for Rosita Tariola Mona 1 October 2018 Staff North Maluku Regional Program Rolan Shihombing 1 October 2018 Staff Coordinator
Additional Consultant Hires English Editor and Asuncion Evangelista Sia 16 October 2017 Consultant Writer Project Implementation Paul Van Nimwegen Monitoring and Technical 8 January 2018 Consultant Consultant Fishery Frame Survey Muhammad Badrudin 19 March 2018 Consultant Consultant Ahmad Suryahaminata Web Programmer 23 May 2018 Consultant Taufik Marine Protected Area Abdul Halim 1 August 2018 Consultant Policy Specialist Project Reporting and Eleanor Carter Communications 15 Sept 2018 Consultant Consultant Reza Syaiful Hamdani SIMKADA IT Consultant 21 February 2018 Consultant
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 97 ANNEX THREE: Full USAID SEA Project Staffing
No. Name Position Organization Status Jakarta 1 Alan White Chief of Party Tetra Tech LTTA 2 Tiene Gunawan Deputy Chief of Party Tetra Tech LTTA 3 Irna Sari Sustainable Fisheries Advisor Tetra Tech LTTA 4 Purwanto Senior Fisheries Advisor Tetra Tech LTTA 5 Marine Change Public Private Partnership Tetra Tech LTTA 6 Ses Rini Mardiani Sustainable Fishery Specialist Tetra Tech LTTA 7 Rifki Furqan Sustainable Fisheries Coordinator Tetra Tech LTTA 8 Stacey Tighe Marine Biodiversity and Tetra Tech LTTA Conservation Advisor Marine Conservation Project 9 Asri Puji Lestari Tetra Tech LTTA Specialist 10 Rudyanto Marine Biodiversity and Tetra Tech LTTA Conservation Advisor Governance/Institutional 11 Christiana Yuni Kusmiaty Tetra Tech LTTA Development Advisor 12 Recruitment in process Policy Specialist Tetra Tech LTTA 13 TOR is being developed Policy Specialist Tetra Tech LTTA 14 Muhamad Nour Capacity Building Specialist Tetra Tech LTTA 15 Edward Hutabarat Senior ME&L Specialist Tetra Tech LTTA Marine Spatial Planning Technical 16 Wen Wen Tetra Tech LTTA Lead 17 Ndaru Prasetiyo GIS Officer Tetra Tech STTA Senior Communications and 18 Ely Andrianita Tetra Tech STTA Outreach Specialist 19 Masayu Yulien Vinanda Communications/Outreach Specialist Tetra Tech LTTA 20 Mochammad Topandi Graphic Designer Tetra Tech LTTA 21 Santi Maulintania Data Management Specialist Tetra Tech LTTA 22 Christina Tampubolon Finance Manager Tetra Tech LTTA 23 Andi Wardana Finance Officer Tetra Tech LTTA 24 Khusnul Khotimah Finance Assistant Tetra Tech LTTA Contract & Financial Management 25 Afandy Djauhari Tetra Tech LTTA Specialist 26 Emillia Damayanti Procurement & Admin Officer Tetra Tech LTTA 27 Benny Artico Jaya Contract & Procurement Assistant Tetra Tech LTTA 28 Puspa Wardani HR & Admin Manager Tetra Tech LTTA 29 Irma Refliana Administrative Assistant Tetra Tech LTTA 30 Nursalim Driver Tetra Tech LTTA 31 Wahyudi Office Assistant Tetra Tech LTTA 32 Yuswandi IT Officer Tetra Tech LTTA 33 Erline Tasmania Program Coordinator Tetra Tech LTTA WWF-ID Sea Project Steering Committee Unit Senior Advisor for Marine & 34 Wawan Ridwan WWF 15% Fisheries Directorate 35 Imam Musthofa Marine & Fisheries Director WWF 20% 36 Juswono Budisetiawan BSSE Manager WWF 20% Deputy Director Finance, Accounting 37 Herry Akbar WWF 10% & Grant, FMS WWF-ID Sea Project Cross Cutting / Technical Support Unit Small Island Partnership & 38 Muhammad Ridha Hakim WWF 10% Governance Leader Coral Triangle Support Program 39 I Wayan Veda Santiadji WWF 10% Leader 40 Anton Wijonarno MPA for Fisheries Manager WWF 30%
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 98 No. Name Position Organization Status Fisheries & Aquaculture 41 Abdullah Habibi WWF 30% Improvement Manager 42 Achmad Mustofa National Coordinator for WWF 30% Capture Fisheries Marine Conservation Science 43 Estradivari WWF 20% Coordinator 44 Muhammad Yusuf Fisheries Science Coordinator WWF 30% Marine Species Conservation 45 Dwi Suprapti WWF 10% Coordinator 46 Indarwati Aminuddin Marine Tourism Coordinator WWF 20% Marine Spatial Planning & Monitoring 47 Christian Handayani WWF 20% Senior Officer Marine & Fisheries Campaign 48 Dwi Aryo Tjiptohandono WWF 20% Coordinator Oktavianto Darmono 49 (expected effective date Fisheries Science Officer/ WWF 30% Sept 1, 2018) HCR Specialist Coral Triangle Program Monitoring & 50 Nara Wisesa WWF 20% Evaluation Officer 51 Ayi Ardisastra Fisheries Governance Senior Officer WWF 20% 52 Mark Paul Grant Officer WWF 10% Sunda Banda Seascape Finance 53 Yusuf Mooy WWF 10% Coordinator EAFM Partnership and Advocacy 54 Barnabas Wurlianti WWF 50% Senior Officer 55 Denny Sagai Papua Regional Finance Coordinator WWF 10% 56 Noviandy Indra Fauzi Finance & Administration Officer WWF 100% 57 Miko Budi Raharjo Koon-Neiden MPA Site Coordinator WWF 100% Veronica Stella Angelique 58 Responsible Marine Tourism Officer WWF 20% Louhenapessy WWF-ID USAID SEA Project Core Unit (Operates from WWF-ID Jakarta Office) 59 Candhika Yusuf Project Leader WWF 100% Monitoring Evaluation Learning 60 TBD WWF 100% Officer WWF-ID USAID SEA Project Core Unit (Operates from WWF-ID USAID SEA Project Ambon Office) Finance & Administration 61 Delia WWF 100% Coordinator Helena Dorce 62 General Support Officer WWF 100% Latupeirissa 63 TBD Office helper/security WWF 100% 64 Dirga Daniel GIS & Database Officer WWF 100% Site Coordinator for Seram Seas 65 Tutus Wijanarko WWF 100% (Maluku Province) Abdul Maskur 66 MPA & Biodiversity Officer WWF 100% Marasabessy 67 Siti Yasmina Enita Communication Officer WWF 100% 68 Sasi Fisheries Officer WWF 100% 69 Umi Kalsum Madaul Marine Tourism Officer WWF 100% Mohammad Maskur Site Coordinator for Halmahera Seas 70 WWF 100% Tamanyira & Fisheries TBD (new recruitment 71 Fisheries FIP/Outreach Officer WWF 100% process) WWF-ID USAID SEA Project Core Unit (Operates from WWF-ID USAID SEA Project Sorong Office) 72 Irwanto Site Coordinator for West Papua WWF 100% 73 Ehdra Beta Masran MPA & Biodiversity Officer WWF 100% 74 Inayah Fisheries Officer WWF 100% 75 Vinsensius Sabon Aman Finance & Administration Officer WWF 100%
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 99 No. Name Position Organization Status 76 Lambertus Apelabi General Support Officer WWF 100% TBD (new recruitment 77 Office helper/security WWF 100% process) TBD (new recruitment Social Science/Community Outreach 78 WWF 100% process) Officer WCS Wildlife Coordinator Unit, Bogor 79 TBD Marine Program Director/Advisor WCS 15% 80 Yudi Herdiana Marine Program Manager 60% (transferred temporarily to A. Soemodinoto up WCS until end of December 2018) 81 Irfan Yulianto Fisheries Program Manager 30% WCS 82 Arisetiarso Soemodinoto Lead Technical Specialist WCS 75% 83 Giyanto WCU Manager WCS 20% 84 Dwi Adhiasto WCU Program Manager WCS 10% 85 Irma Hermawati WCU Coordinator/Legal Specialist WCS 15% WCS Supporting/cross cutting Unit, Bogor (Science and Technical Support) 86 Shinta Pardede Science Coordinator WCS 40% 87 Azhar Muttaqin Coral Reef Ecologist 1 WCS 30% 88 Sukmaharja A. Tarigan Coral Reef Ecologist 2 WCS 30% 89 Fakhrizal Setiawan Reef Fish Ecologist 1 WCS 25% 90 Peni Lestari Socioeconomic Coordinator WCS 25% 91 Jessica Pinkan GIS Officer WCS 40% Program Officer (Government 92 Prayekti Ningtias WCS 40% Liaison) 93 Heidi Retnoningtyas Fisheries Coordinator WCS 40% 94 Recruitment in process Communication Officer WCS 50% 95 Muhammad Ichsan Species Conservation Officer (ETP) WCS 25% Marine Finance and Admin 96 Susy Djuwita WCS 15% Coordinator 97 Rizky Fitriani Marine Admin Officer WCS 10% 98 Siska Agustina Fisheries Database Officer WCS 50% 99 Intan D. Hartati Fisheries Database Assistant WCS 100% 100 Haryo Pradityo Marine WCU Officer WCS 38% 101 Iskandar H Abdullah Marine WCU Team Leader WCS 100% 102 Husain Asis WCU Field Assistant WCS 100% 103 Sofyan R. Saleh WCU Field Assistant WCS 100% Will be recruited early 104 Socioeconomic Research Assistant WCS 50% 2019 Expert consultants Will be recruited early Policy and Government Planning 105 WCS 6 months 2019 Expert Sumitro Muhammad, Qhusnul, Farid, Arifin Samiun, Askar Laitupa, Hidayat D. Muhamad, Rudi Siwasiwan, Rusman 106 Field Fisheries Enumerators (14) WCS Full time Sangadji, Muhammad Z. Ulhaq, Dimas P., Sahlan Buamona, Hasbullah Omaternate, and 2 will be recruited early 2019 USAID SEA Project Ambon Regional Office 107 Asril Djunaidi Regional Technical Director Tetra Tech LTTA 108 Ii Rosna Tarmidji M&E Specialist Tetra Tech LTTA 109 Irene Sahertian Regional Fisheries Specialist Tetra Tech LTTA
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 100 No. Name Position Organization Status 110 Rolan Sihombing Regional Project Coordinator Tetra Tech LTTA 111 Rosita Tariola Ternate Project Coordinator Tetra Tech LTTA 112 Julie Lawalatta Regional Operations Manager Tetra Tech LTTA 113 Sintje Manuhutu Admin & Logistics Officer Tetra Tech LTTA 114 Cherrie Mailoa Regional Finance Officer Tetra Tech LTTA 115 Poly Benyamin/Ahmad Driver/Office Assistant Tetra Tech LTTA Coral Triangle Center (CTC) Long-term Technical 116 Hesti Widodo Senior Program Manager 50% CCN Staff Long-term Technical 117 Silvianita Timotius Training Specialist (1) 40% CCN Staff Long-term Technical 118 Boy Mochran Training Specialist (2) 40% CCN Staff Long-term Technical 119 Nyoman Suardana GIS Specialist 50% CCN Staff Training & Learning Network Long-term Technical 120 Agustin Capriati 100% Specialist CCN Staff Senior Advisor, Government and Long-term Technical 121 Recruitment in early 2018 External Relations on Coastal and 30% CCN Staff Fisheries Management Long-term Technical 122 Marthen Welly MPA Learning Sites Manager 50% CCN Staff Long-term Technical 123 Vacant Science Coordinator 80% CCN Staff Long-term Technical 124 Wira Sanjaya MPA Project Leader 80% CCN Staff Long-term Technical TCN 125 Leilani Gallardo Senior Communication Coordinator 20% Staff Long-term Technical 126 Rili Djohani Executive Director 10% CCN Staff Long-term Administration 127 Siti Syahwali Operations & Regional Hub Manager 20% CCN Staff Long-term Administration 128 I Nengah Winiarta Finance, Admin & HR Manager 20% CCN Staff Long-term Administration 129 Eko Octavianus Project Administrator 100% CCN Staff Long-term Technical 130 Mad Korebima MPA Learning Sites Coordinator 50% CCN Staff Long-term Technical 131 La Ode Junaidin Learning Sites Officer 50% CCN Staff Paat, Gosal Reinhart Long-term Technical 132 Senior Curriculum Specialist 100% Nethanel CCN Staff Long-term Technical 133 Agustin Capriati Learning Network Specialist 100% CCN Staff Long-term Technical 134 Evi Nurul Iksan Conservation Coordinator 100% CCN Staff Long-term Technical 135 Yoga Putra Field Communications Officer 100% CCN Staff Long-term Technical 136 Purwanto Senior MPA Specialist 100% CCN Staff Long-term Admin. CCN 137 Ursula Virginia Tuhuteru Finance and Admin Coordinator 100% Staff Vacant – recruitment in Short-term CCN 138 Buano Facilitator 100% process Consultant Vacant – recruitment in Short-term CCN 139 Suro Facilitator 100% process Consultant Vacant – recruitment in Short-term CCN 140 Sula Facilitator 100% process Consultant North Maluku Province Office
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 101 No. Name Position Organization Status 141 Thamrin A. Ibrahim North Maluku Team Leader WCS Full time 142 Kusnadi North Maluku Deputy Team Leader WCS Full time Marine Biodiversity and MPA 143 Dewi Anggraini WCS Full time Coordinator 144 Hamka Karepesina Fisheries Coordinator WCS Full time Community engagement officers for 145 Recruitment in process WCS Full time MPA and Fisheries (4 people) 146 Imelda Jostein Senior Finance Officer WCS Full time Zakiah Susanti 147 Admin Assistant WCS Full time Kamaruddin 148 Sama Ishak MPA Officer WCS Full time 149 Syafruddin Sabtu, Office helpers/Driver (2) WCS Full time Suharmin USAID SEA Project West Papua Satellite Office 150 Chris Rotinsulu USAID SEA Papua Team Leader Tetra Tech LTTA Asosiasi Perikanan Pole & Line and Handling Indonesia (AP2HI) 151 Janti Djuari Chairwoman AP2HI LTTA 152 Abdul Muis Sulaiman General Manager AP2HI LTTA 153 Andrew Harvey Techincal-Expert Consultant AP2HI LTTA 154 Ilham Alhaq Office/Program Manager AP2HI LTTA Nuriasih Martha Corry 155 FIT Coordinator AP2HI LTTA Mawarni 156 Candra N.W Training Coordinator AP2HI LTTA 157 Iis Widiani Government Liaison Officer AP2HI LTTA 158 Alfian Mustopa Data Management Coordinator AP2HI LTTA 159 Jorica Mei Shien Secretary and Administration Officer AP2HI LTTA 160 Risman Lamadrasi Site Supervisor - Ternate AP2HI LTTA 161 Riyanto Umabaihi Site Supervisor - Ambon AP2HI LTTA 162 Meify Diana Louhenapessy Site Supervisor - Bitung AP2HI LTTA Rare Indonesia 163 Taufiq Alimi Vice President Rare LTTA 164 Stuart Campbell Senior Program Director Rare LTTA 165 Arwandrija Rukma Policy Director Rare LTTA 167 Galuh Sekar Policy Partnership/ Rare LTTA Operations Manager 168 Hari Kushardanto Field Team Leader/ Rare LTTA Program Director 169 Raymond Jakub Technical Fisheries Senior Manager Rare LTTA 170 Katherina Tjandra Program Implementation Manager Rare LTTA Policy and Development Senior 171 Handoko Adi Susanto Rare LTTA Manager 172 Putri Mirayanti Djelantik Finance Manager Rare LTTA 173 Ratna Kania Administrative Manager Rare LTTA Marine Change 174 Andrew Bassford CEO Marine Change LTTA 175 Sari Tolvanen Director Marine Change LTTA 176 Deborah Aragao Investment Advisor Marine Change LTTA 177 Roderic Hodges Senior Finance Analyst Marine Change LTTA 178 Nuraini Junior Analyst Marine Change LTTA 179 Nur Suri Hapsari Associate Marine Change LTTA ILMMA (Indonesia Locally Managed Marine Areas) 180 Cliff Marlessy Director ILMMA LTTA 181 Sandra Tjan Ambon Program Manager ILMMA LTTA Ambon Conservation Program 182 Bertha Ronsumbre ILMMA LTTA Manager/Focal Area Coordinator 183 Sitti Aminah Tuarita Ambon Finance Staff ILMMA LTTA 184 Anna Kuhuwael Ambon Field Assistant ILMMA LTTA
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 102 No. Name Position Organization Status 185 Paa Wariunsora Ambon Field Assistant ILMMA LTTA 186 Rezal Makatita Ambon Field Assistant ILMMA LTTA 187 Sam Office Assistant ILMMA LTTA 188 Scott Atkinson Senior Technical advisor ILMMA LTTA 189 Paulina Membri ILMMA Finance Manager ILMMA LTTA (acting Finance Manager) 190 Nurul Ariska ILMMA Finance Accounting ILMMA LTTA ILMMA Biak Staff, 2 persons for 2 191 Elizabeth Holle & ILMMA LTTA months mentoring at Seram Abner Korwa 192 Eklisa Kafiar Mapping Expert ILMMA LTTA 193 Elizabeth Holle CPUE Trainer ILMMA LTTA Masyarakat dan Perikanan Indonesia (MDPI) 194 Saut Tampubolon Acting Executive Director MDPI LTTA 195 Deirdre Duggan Program Director MDPI LTTA 196 Olivia Tanujaya Grant Manager MDPI LTTA 197 Wildan Fisheries Manager MDPI LTTA 198 TBD Communications MDPI LTTA 199 Putra Satria Timur USAID SEA Field Coordinator MDPI LTTA 200 Karel Yerusa North Maluku Regional Coordinator MDPI LTTA 201 Prayoga Miftahul Huda Maluku Regional Coordinator MDPI LTTA Universitas Kristen Papua (UKIP) 202 Stephanus V Mandagi Project Coordinator UKIP Full time 203 Roger R Tabalessy Program Support UKIP 25% 204 Melisa Ch Masengi Finance UKIP Full time 205 Intan Karangan Communication Assistant UKIP Full time Universitas Papua (UNIPA) 206 Paul Boli Research Coordinator UNIPA LTTA 207 Fanny FC Simatauw Research Member UNIPA LTTA 208 Indra Luhulima Research Member UNIPA LTTA 209 Dedi Parenden Research Member UNIPA LTTA 210 Simon Leatemia Research Member UNIPA LTTA 211 Selvi Tebay Research Member UNIPA LTTA 212 Yora Arunglabi Finance UNIPA LTTA 213 Arnoldus S. Ananta Administration UNIPA LTTA Reef Check Indonesia 214 Derta Prabuning Director Reef Check LTTA Program and Communication 215 Naneng Setiasih Reef Check LTTA Manager 216 Ayub Communication and Campaign Staff Reef Check LTTA 217 I Gusti Ayu Laksmi Finance & Administration Reef Check LTTA 218 Jaya Ratha Operations Manager Reef Check LTTA 219 Veronice Niken Finance and Marketing Expert Reef Check LTTA 220 Angelia Siagian Field Personnel Reef Check LTTA 221 Syamsuliarto Field Personnel Reef Check LTTA Conservation International (CI) 222 Mark Erdmann Vice President, Asia Pacific CI New Zealand 5% 223 Ketut S Putra Country Director CI Jakarta 4% 224 Victor Nikijuluw Marine Director CI Jakarta 11% 225 Alberth Nebore BHS MPA and Policy Senior Manager CI Sorong 23% 226 Ismu Hidayat Fakfak Program Manager CI Fakfak 100% 227 Revalen Langi Fakfak Operation Coordinator CI Fakfak 100% 228 Irwan Pasambo/ Fakfak MPA Coordinator/Officer CI Fakfak 100% Sefrianto Saleda Fakfak Capacity Building 229 Rodiah Rumata CI Fakfak 100% Coordinator/Officer 230 Anastasia Ramalo Fakfak Comunication Coordinator CI Fakfak 100% 231 Angela Aimee Fakfak MPA Officer CI Jakarta 100%
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 103 No. Name Position Organization Status 232 M Yusuf Fakfak Boat Skipper CI Fakfak 100% 233 TBD Fakfak Science & Monitoring Officer CI Fakfak 100% Local Technical Assistance of 234 Arsyad Tator/ - STTA Community Conservation Organizer Umar Hakim Local Technical Assistance of Fakfak 235 John Toisuta - STTA MPA Management Unit Development 236 Mahani Operations Director CI Jakarta 10% 237 Debbie Jacobs Marine Finance Manager CI Bali 29% 238 Henny Widayanti BHS Secretariat Coordinator CI Manokwari 23% 239 Kristian Thebu Raja Ampat Manager CI Sorong 11% 240 Ni Nyoman Ramiati Grants/Contract Coordinator CI Bali 11% 241 Rosdiana Sinaga Marine Finance Coordinator CI Bali 9% Technical Assistance on MPA 242 Gerald Allen/ - STTA Biodiversity and Social Aspect Fitry Pakiding Marine Conservation & Science 243 Defy Pada CI Sorong 7% Coordinator 244 Abdi Hasan BHS Monitoring & Science Officer CI Sorong 7% 245 Ronald Mambrasar Senior Monitoring Officer CI Sorong 7% 246 Yance de Fretes Papua Senior Manager CI Manokwari Supporting 247 Meity Mondong BHS Senior Marine Manager CI Bali Supporting 248 Nika Gunadarma West Papua Comm Coordinator CI Sorong Supporting The Nature Conservancy (TNC) 249 Yusuf Fajariyanto USAID SEA Project Manager Oceans Program Long Term 250 Alison L. Green Senior Advisor/Lead Scientist Oceans Program Long Term 251 Glaudy Perdanahardja Conservation Manager Oceans Program Long Term 252 Muhammad Imran Amin Governance and Policy Manager Oceans Program Long Term 253 Hilda Lionata Social Economic Specialist Oceans Program Long Term 254 Lukas Rumetna Government Liaison Manager Oceans Program Long Term 255 Dheny Setiawan Sustainable Financing Specialist Oceans Program Long Term 256 Fachry Ramadyan Program Support Oceans Program Long Term
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 104 ANNEX FOUR: Staffing and Management Organizational Structure .
USAID SEA Project Staffing and Management Organizational Structure
MMAF
Tetra Tech Home Office Project Manager: Gina Green Chief of Party USAID/COR Deputy Project Manager: Thomas McCann Alan White Contract Manager: Jessica Bennett Deputy Chief of Party Tiene Gunawan
Program Coordinator Erline Tasmania
Contract & HR and Regional Field Implementing Feed the Finance Unit Procurement Administrative Technical Advisory Unit Operations Partners Future Unit Unit
Governance & Senior Marine Sustainable Marine Spatial Senior ME&L Coral Triangle ILMMA MALUKU Finance Manager HR & Administrative Institutional Communications Biodiversity & Contract & FMS Fisheries Planning Specialist Dev’t Advisor & Outreach Conservation Center Christina Manager Advisor Technical Lead Edward (HUB) Afandy Djauhari Christiana Yuni Specialist Advisor Tampubolon Puspa Wardani Irna Sari Wen Wen Hutabarat K. Ely Andrianita Stacey Tighe Rare Wildlife Data Marine Administrative Capacity Communications Senior Fisheries GIS Officer Management Biodiversity Finance Officer & Procurement IT Officer Building & Outreach Conservation NORTH Advisor Ndaru Specialist Conservation/ Yuswandi Specialist Specialist AP2HI Andi Wardana Officer Purwanto Prasetiyo Santi MPA Advisor Society MALUKU Muhamad Nour Masayu Emillia Vinanda Maulintania Rudyanto Damayanti Finance Marine World Wildlife Administrative Public-Private Graphic Assistant Policy Specialist Conservation Reef Check Contract & Assistant Partnership Designer TBD Project Fund for Nature - WEST Khusnul Procurement Specialist Mochammad Irma Refliana Specialist Khotimah Marine Change Topandi Indonesia PAPUA Assistant Asri Puji Lestari Benny Jaya UNIPA Office Sustainable Assistant Fishery Policy Specialist Wahyu Specialist TBD Marine Change Ses Rini UKIP Mardiani
Driver Sustainable Nur Salim Fishery MDPI Coordinator Rifki Furqan
TNC
• Ahmad Taufik – Web Programmer SHORT-TERM TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE • Eleanor Carter – Team Leader for State of the Seas CI • Kitty Courtney – Coastal Resource • Paul Van Nimwegen – Project Implementation Management and Project Planning include: Monitoring and Technical Consultant • Reza Syaiful Hamdani – SIMKADA IT Consultant at • Abdul Halim – MPA Policy Specialist MMAF • Muhamad Badrudin – Fishery Frame Survey Consultant
Key Personnel Project Personnel Reporting Communicating
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 105
ANNEX FIVE: Regional Staffing and Management Organizational Structure
Regional SEA Staffing and Management Organizational Structure
Tetra Tech Home Office Project Manager: Gina Green Chief of Party MMAF/Province USAID/COR Deputy Project Manager: Thomas McCann Alan White Contract Manager: Jessica Bennett
Deputy Chief of Party Tiene Gunawan
Regional Field Operations
Maluku North Maluku West Papua
USAID SEA West Papua Coordinator Project Leader WWF for Project Leader CTC for USAID SEA Ternate Project Coordinator Regional Technical Director Christ Rotinsulu USAID SEA Project USAID SEA Project Rosita Tariola Asril Djunaidi Candhika Yusuf Hesti Widodo Site Coordinator for West Papua MPA Learning Site Project Leader WCS for SEA Project Irwanto Regional M&E Specialist Monitoring Evaluation Coordinator Yudi Herdiana Ii Rosna Tardmidji Learning Officer MPA & Fisheries Officers TBD Mad Korebima Ehdra Beta Masran Regional Fisheries Specialist Site Coordinator for Seram & North Maluku Team Leader Inayah Irene Sahertian Halmahera Seas Senior Curriculum Specialist Thamrin Ali Ibrahim Reinhart Pat Finance and Admin Officer Tutus Wijanarko Vinsensius Aman Regional Project Coordinator Maskur Tamanyira Deputy Team Leader Rolan Sihombing Training & Learning Network Kusnadi General Support Officer MPA, Fisheries & Marine Specialist Part Timer Regional Operations Manager Tourism Officers Adityo Setiawan Julie Lawalata Abdul Maskur, Sasi Fisheries Coordinator Umi Kalsum Conservation Coordinator Hamka Karapesina Conservation International (CI) Regional Finance Elisnawaty Officer GIS & Database Officer Cherie Mailoa Dirga Daniel MPA Community Engagement The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Field Communications TBD Regional Admin & Officer Logistic Officer Communication Officer Yoga Putra Marine Biodiversity Conservation Coordinator Sientje Manuhutu Siti Yasmina Enita Finance and Admin South Halmahera Driver Coordinator TBD Finance & Admin Coordinator Tetra Tech Project Personnel Poly Benyamin Ursula Virginia Tuhuteru Delia Marine Biodiversity Conservation Officer WWF Indonesia Office Assistant Samar Ishak Coral Triangle Center Ahmad GS & Office Helper Helena Dorce Latupeirissa Wildlife Conservation Society Admin and Finance Officer TBD Ternate Office Conservation International Marwinda Said The Nature Conservancy Admin Assistant Ternate Office Zakiah Susanti Kamaruddin
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 106 ANNEX SIX: Overview of Performance Management Indicators FY18
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 107
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 108
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 109 Total FY 17/18 Achievement (ACTUALS) Total % LOP FY18 Achievement Key Indicators LOP Target Achievement Achieved Notes Target from Previous Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 (Oct-Dec) (Jan-Mar) (Apr-Jun) (Jul-Sep) FY18 in FY18 Fiscal Year SA5.2: Number of 12 4 3 0 0 0 10 10 83% In FY18, two innovations remain innovations supported (innovations) going through verification: with USG assistance the RARE OURFISH buyer (Output/STIR-10) side program and AP2HI FAD Registry process. SA5.3: Number of 240 60 0 0 0 0 9 9 4% In this FY18 reporting period people that apply (people) there are 6 individuals from the improved conservation National Level and 3 individuals law enforcement from Province Level applying practices as a result improve law enforcement at the of USG assistance Pre-Emptive Enforcement Action. (Outcome/EG.10.2-6)
USAID SEA Project | ANNUAL REPORT: October 2017 – September 2018 Page | 110