NP R - do Brasil e Pesquisa > de Ensino töver S Nacional [email protected]
Integrating Latin American and European Research and Education Networks through the ALICE project October 2003 Michael Stanton Member, CLARA Technical Committee Rede
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C C A Brief Story of Networking in Latin America
• Political, linguistic and cultural considerations have traditionally led to considerable interaction between countries within the region
However, networking has not followed this model: • First connections (BITNET) starting 1986 using satellite links between the US and each country separately • Same topology inherited with transition to Internet • Even multilateral initiatives (RedHUCyT in mid 90s and AMPATH from 2001) have used traffic hubs in the US.
CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 2 First global conections from LA countries
Two “classical” phases of MX CL BR NI UY PY VE AR CR connectivity: e-mail 86 86 88 88 88 89 90 90 90 • e-mail networks (BITNET, UUCP) IP 89 92 91 94 94 95 92 93 93 • full Internet (IP) connectivity CO EC PE BO CU PA GT SV HN • Table shows the first e-mail 90 91 91 91 91 92 92 94 94 connections for each LA NREN (National Research IP 94 92 94 95 96 94 95 96 95 and Education Network)
CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 3 CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 4 Influence of telecommunications infrastructure
• Until very recently, the only available telecom infrastructure for data communication was by satellite – cost independent of distance – no incentive for establishing links within the region, as all countries were mainly interested in access to global Internet
• Recent important changes (since late 1990s): – end of state telecom monopoly in many countries • competition and lower prices • most LA NRENs replaced by commodity IP providers (for economic or political reasons) – building out of new infrastructure based on submarine CClalarraa fibre optical cables Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 5 Optical cable infra-structure
• Advances in optical transmission technologies have recently made it possible to build very long distance undersea communications systems based on DWDM • In the late 1990s, many new DWDM cable systems were built, vastly increasing the installed capacity • Principal new undersea cable operators in Latin America: – Global Crossing – Telefonica International Wholesale Services (e-mergia) – New World Networks (ARCOS cable)
CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 6 Worldwide Submarine Optical Cables - 2002
CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 7 New Optical Cables in Latin America
Panamerican Global Crossing & Emergia ImpSat Transandino UniSur Global Crossing CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 8 New cables in the Caribbean (Maya & Arcos)
North Miami 309km 474km 271km Cat Island 319km
521km Crooked Island Maya
Cancun 258km Providenciales 165km (Turks & Caicos Islands) Tulum 376km Puerto Plata Arcos 325km 291km 363km San Juan (festoon) Ladyville Punta Cana
294km 241km Trujillo Puerto Puerto Puerto 339km 1006km Barrios114kmCortes Lempira 258km
Puerto Cabezas 372km 279km 242km Curacao Bluefields 351km Willemstad Punto Fijo 270km Riohacha 371km 301km 314km Puerto Limon Maria Ustupo Chiquita CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 9 Internet2
• Until 1995, the USA maintained a national R&E network called NSFNET, created in 1986. – When NSFNET was created, there was no equivalent commodity service • In 1995 all US R&E users were obliged to seek IP service from commodity providers • In 1996, the Internet2 project was created, to provide “advanced networking” service to the R&E community, through the Abilene network • Similar initiatives have been taken in other countries, especially Canada, Europe and Japan. • Today, Internet2 connectivity is an important characteristic of R&E networking worldwide. CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 10 Present Internet2 Connectivity in Latin America
AmPath • uses Global Crossing • connects AR, BR (2), CL, VE • 45 Mbps AmPath • all connections are point to point from Miami, and thence to Abilene
Mexico • cross-border connections to USA (TX and CA) CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 11 Present State of Latin American NRENs
Established education and research networks: • With dedicated Internet2 connections: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Venezuela • Some with dedicated int’l connectivity: Cuba, Uruguay
Education and research networks being re-established (present nat’l/int’l connectivity through commercial ISPs) • Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, El Salvador
No education/research network (most connected to Internet via commercial ISPs): Nicaragua, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Haiti, rest of Caribbean
CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 12 Argentina - RETINA (www.retina.ar)
- 45 Mbps to AmPath Abundant
Medium
Narrow
•4 with advanced connectivity •8 in the near future •57 with low connectivity CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 13 Brazil - RNP (www.rnp.br/index_en.html)
- ATM backbone - 14 nodes - 300 Mbps total b/w - FR to other PoPs - 15 state networks - Aggregate int’l b/w over 400 Mbps (incl. 90 Mbps to AmPath) - new backbone in 4Q2003
CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 14 Chile - REUNA (www.reuna.cl)
Arica Iquique unap uta -ATM Iquique ucn Antofagasta uantof backbone Antofagasta Copiapó -10 uda uda Copiapó La Serena nodes La Serena userena Valparaíso utfsm Valparaíso Santiago reuna -10/60 Santiago uchile Talca utem utalca Mbps Talca Concepción umce udec Te muco udp Con cepción - 45 Mbps to ubiobio ufro Temu Valdivia Valdivia co uach AmPath unap Universidad Arturo Prat ulagos Osorno uta Universidad de Tarapacá ucn Universidad Católica del Norte uantof Universidad de Antofagasta uda Universidad de Atacama userena Universidad de la Serena utfsm Universidad Técnico Federico Santa María uchile Universidad de Chile utem Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana umce Universidad Metropolitana de Cs. de la Educac udp Universidad Diego Portales utalca Universidad de Talca udec Universidad de Concepción ubiobio Universidad del BíoBío ufro Universidad de la Frontera uach Universidad Austral de Chile ulagos Universidad de los Lagos
Switch de Backbone
Switch de Acceso CClalarraa Router de Acceso Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 Trama SDH 15 Mexico - CUDI (www.cudi.edu.mx)
• Internal links at 155 Mbps • 400 Mbps of int’l connectivity
CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 16 Where do we go from here?
• AMPATH´s achievements – Initial boost for Advanced Networking in LA – Stimulus for advanced connectivity inside each country – Motivation for collaborative projects – Connectivity needs, delayed till now due to high costs, being solved
BUT
• Why does LA communicate internally through Miami?
• Why does LA communicate with other parts of the world through the US? CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 17 DANTE and Pan-European R&E networking
• In Europe, global networking also began with direct BITNET and IP links to the US from separate countries • Since the early 1990s great efforts have been invested in pan-European networking, through the creation of a series of regional backbone networks: • These networks have been built and managed by DANTE (Delivering Advanced Networking Technology to Europe), with financing by European NRENs and the EU • Four versions of the pan-European backbone network – EuropaNET (1992-1997) – TEN-34 (1997-1998) – TEN-155 (1998-2001) – GÉANT (2002- ) CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 18 TEN-34
• Trans-European Network at 34 Mbps • 20 countries • operational in 1997 • backbone speed inferior to internal NREN links (cost of int’l links)
CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 19 TEN-155
• Set up after liberalisation and harmonisation of European telecom industry • Much cheaper int’l connectivity within Europe • In some countries liberalisation delayed
CClalarraa Michael Stanton - CLEI 2003 20