Designing for all Seasons Bemidji, MN

Megann Long Voelkner Advisor: Dominic Fischer LA572: Design Thesis AutoCad, Photoshop, InDesign, SketchUp, Markers, Pastels, Pencil Image 1: Seasonal image of Paul and Babe Physical Conditions International Falls, MN North Dakota Inventory Map

HWY Lake Superior Lake Bemidji 29 Bemidji, MN Mississippi Headwaters Fargo, ND Duluth, MN

HWY Dr. HWY 35 Paul and Babe 94 Site Location Wisconsin Image 5: Paul Bunyan Dr. Image 6: 5th St. Image 7: Paul Bunyan Bike Trail “Can a landscape design enhance a small-scale South Dakota One main road runs through the site parallel to the shore of Lake Bemidji Missing bike trail connection through Minneapolis/St. HWY the site after the Paul, MN 94 HWY 39 Midwestern city’s outdoor activity and tourism HWY 35W Lake Bemidji HWY Mississippi River potential during the winter season?” 90 There is on-street parking on every street and four public parking lots Good existing lighting through the site 0mi 102mi 204mi Image 8: On-street parking Image 9: Public Parking Lot Image 10: Existing Lighting Image based off Iowa information from Google Earth (Image 2) Roads from Larger Cities to State/International Borders Bemidji Major Highways Lake Superior Border

Primary Traffic Roads Sanford Center Secondary Traffic Roads Existing Light posts Little to no Traffic Roads Angled On-Street Parking Image based off Alleyways Parallel On-Street Parking information from Google Earth Bike Trail Public Parking Lots (Image 3) Image 4: Physical Conditions Inventory Map 0ft 3561.5 ft 7123 ft Shadows present at 8:00am Shadows present at Noon Shadows present at 5:00pm December Shadows Average Mean June Shadows Cultural Conditions Hours of Sunlight Inventory Map Inventory Map Annual Inventory Map Lake Bemidji Temperature: 37.2 F Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul and Babe Average Image 12: Paul Bunyan Dr Crossing Image 13: Downtown Street Crossing Image 14: Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox Intersections are marked only by painted stripes on the ground Paul and Babe are the main gathering Annual point along the waterfront Humidity: Mississippi River Sculpture walk goes through downtown There are various special events locations within the site through out the year 47% Image 15: Sculpture walk Image 16: Dragonboat Festival Image 17: Art in the Park Image 19: Hours of Sunlight Graph Winds are Lake Bemidji Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul Bunyan Dr. from the Average Average Lake Bemidji

Special Events Locations Sanford Center N-NW in Annual Annual Gathering Areas Paul and Babe the Winter Rainfall: Snowfall: Paul and Babe Pedestrian Crossing

Sculpture Walk months 23.8” 41.1” Image 11: Cultural Connections Inventory Map Shadows present at 8:00am Shadows present at noon Shadows present at 5:00pm Image 20: June Shadows Map Winter Activities Analysis Map Key Intersections Shoreline Stabilization Inventory Map Paul Bunyan Dr. and 1st St. Rock Shoreline Entry to the waterfront and Paul and Babe Scale for Seating. Protects against Ice Heave Lake Bemidji Lake Bemidji Paul Bunyan Dr. and 2nd St. Ground Cover Shoreline Exit for the waterfront and Paul and Babe Keep Geese out of the park. Protects against Ice heave Paul Bunyan Dr. and 5th St. Woody Plant Shoreline Entry to the North waterfront Already in place in areas of the site Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul and Babe Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul and Babe Continuation of Paul Bunyan Bike Trail Image 22: Polar Daze, Polar Plunge Image 23: Night We Light Parade Image 24: Shoreline Ice Heave Use in Every Season There are six winter events including Brrrrmidji Polar Daze and Night We Light Shoreline has been overturned by Connect from Mississippi River to North of Sledding Ice Heaves Library Park. Use materials of existing bike Expand for winter use. Lake/Special event Viewing in path to create a continuous path spring and summer Snowball Park Mississippi River Winter activities on site include: sledding, ice fishing, ice skating, hockey, broomball, and cross-country skiing Mississippi River Connection to the Lake and River Use berms, trees, paths and seating as barriers Image 25: Sledding Hill Image 26: Driving on the Ice Image 27: Ice Fishing Communities Missing close/direct pedestrian access Create connection to Mississippi River by Science Center for education and special Winter Event Lake Use events. Add/Improve the docks near Paul and Boot Hockey, Broomball Babe. Create areas for temporary rinks near special events Winter Special Events Ice Houses Winter Special Events Ice Heaves Special Events Special Interest Buildings Ice Houses Sledding Area Sanford Center Sanford Center Elements Needed: Carnegie Library and Pamida Ice Heaves Special Events Locations Primary Traffic Roads Move to incorporate into the final design. Snow Removal Locations Food Booths, Open Space, Lake Access, Sledding Area Gathering Areas Secondary Traffic Roads Turn Pamida into the Science Center. Open Water/Cleared Ice Stage/Pavilion, Vegetation Open Water/Cleared Ice Little to no Traffic Roads Trucks/Cars Roads Pedestrian Crossing Trucks/Cars Roads Alleyways Snowmobile Roads Snowmobile Roads Sculpture Walk Bike Trail Program Image 21: Winter Activities Inventory Map Image 28: Analysis Map Concept Plan Concept Plan Special Interest Buildings Special Interest Buildings Lake Bemidji Example One Lake Bemidji Example Two Special Events Lake Bemidji Shoreline Stabilization Lake Bemidji Winter Event Lake Use Key Intersections Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul and Babe Paul and Babe Continuation of Paul Bunyan Bike Trail Use in Every Season Shoreline Stabilization Continuation of Paul Bunyan Bike Trail Lake Bemidji Mississippi River Lake Bemidji Mississippi River

Image 31: Concept 1 Pamida Connection to the Lake and River Connection to the Lake and River Image 35: Concept 2 Pamida Winter Event Lake Use Lake Bemidji

Lake Bemidji Sanford Center Sanford Center Use in Every Season Special Events

Image 29: Concept Plan 1 Image 33: Concept Plan 2 Key Intersections Image 32: Concept 1 South Shore Image 36: Concept 2 South Shore Image 34: Concept 2 Library Park Image 30: Concept 1 Library Park Lake Bemidji Concept Plan Special Interest Buildings Preliminary Special Interest Buildings Lake Bemidji Example Three Master Plan Paul Bunyan Dr. Lake Bemidji Lake Bemidji Lake Bemidji Lake Bemidji

1 Continuation of Paul Bunyan Bike Trail Use in Every Season Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul and Babe Paul Mississippi River Shoreline Stabilization and Babe Continuation of Paul Bunyan Bike Trail

Special Events Image 43: Master Plan Pamida Mississippi River Mississippi River Connection to the Lake and River

Image 39: Concept 3 Pamida Lake Bemidji Connection to the Lake and River Shoreline Stabilization Paul Bunyan Dr. Lake Bemidji 1 Winter Event Lake Use Paul and Babe Sanford Center Sanford Center Paul Bunyan Dr. Winter/Summer Park Winter Event Lake Use Special Events Image 37: Concept Plan 3 Image 41: Master Plan Key Intersections Image 40: Concept 3 South Shore 1 1 Key Intersections Image 38: Concept 3 Library Park Image 42: Master Plan Library Park Image 44: Master Plan South Shore Key Intersections “Lumberjack Plaid” at Intersections Mississippi River Boardwalk To provide a connection to the Mississippi Lake Bemidji Pavers Crosswalks 1 Final Master Plan Lake Bemidji River a boardwalk has been added along Use in Every Season the west shoreline in front of the new Shaded Picnic area/ Event Overflow Science Center. Shoreline Stabilization Shrubs, Grasses, and Large Boulders Bridge Underpass Connecting the boardwalk to the lakeside Use in Every Season Concrete of the site is an underpass below the New “Lumberjack Plaid” Courtyard New Science Center Winter Event Lake Use Sculpture Mississippi River Bridge. Special Events Hockey Rink, Curling Rink, Hockey Rink, Broomball Rink, Ice Fishing Communities New Pavilion/Stage Lake Bemidji Boardwalk On the west side of the new science Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox center a multi-seasonal use park has been Paul Bunyan Dr. Special Events/Use in Every Season proposed. The winter use is a snowball Paul and Babe Paul and Babe Waterfront Park park where trees, paths and berms create Special Events obstacles that snowball fights can happen “Ice House” Food Booths Mississippi River Not to Scale around. Continuation of Bike Trail Image 48: Underpass Sketch Raised bike trail at intersections Bridge Underpass Paul Bunyan Dr. Special Interest Buildings Carnegie Library Paul Bunyan Dr. Mississippi River Connection to Lake and River New Dock Shoreline Stabilization Large Boulders New Science Center

Special Interest Buildings Science Center (Pamida) 2 Connection to Lake and River Mississippi River Fishing Pier Use in Every Season “Snowball Park” Foot Path Mississippi River Use in Every Season 1 Mississippi River Bridge Underpass Not to Scale Image 47: River Boardwalk Perspective Concrete Pathway Connection to Lake and River Mississippi River Boardwalk Mix of shrubs, grasses, large Image 45: Final Master Plan Full Site River Boardwalk Mississippi River Image 47: Bird’s- Eye Perspective boulders for shoreline stabilization Image 46: Final Master Plan 0 100ft 200ft 300ft 400ft 500ft Image 46: Final Master Plan 0 100ft 200ft 300ft 400ft 500ft Snowball Park 2 Image 49: Snowball Park Perspective Not to Scale 3 Lake Bemidji Lake Bemidji New Planted Intersection Median Detail Plan View on 2nd St. A2 View on Paul Bunyan Dr. 3 4 4 A1 Box Elder Boulevard Linden (Acer negundo) (Tilia americana ‘Boulevard’) 8 ft 6 in

2nd St. Mississippi River New 2-level Street Compass Symbol Lights. 3 ft 6 in Metal “Trees and Waves” Sign

Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul Bunyan Dr.

A1 A2 Image 50: Detail Plan Paul Bunyan Dr. 10 ft Concrete Continued Bike 0 20ft 40ft 60ft 80ft 100ft Downtown Bemidji Planting area between Planted Crossing Waterfront Not to Scale Paver stone crosswalk Paver stone crosswalk Trail using existing buildings and sidewalk Sidewalk Median trail materials Not to Scale Image 54: Paul Bunayn Dr. Image 55: Paul Bunyan Dr. Perspective Image 56: 2nd St Perspective 0 6ft 12ft 18ft 24ft 32ft Way finding Sign Pole Mix of Deciduous and “Lumberjack Planted Paul Bunyan Dr. Section Crosswalk New Street lights with space Downtown Bemidji Raised Bike Paul Bunyan Additional Metal Pole Evergreen Trees for Plaid” Intersection Crossing Mississippi River Pavers for city/event banners Information Sign Trail and Babe the Street Trees To improve the safety while crossing Paul Bunyan Dr. at the main summer and Detail Median Mississippi River pedestrian entry to the waterfront area, a planted median was added to Blue Ox Stamped Concrete Stone Pavers Image 53: Way-finding Detail winter interest for Intersections for Crosswalks the middle of the road. In addition the crosswalks will be created with 2 ft 6 in Concrete Footing pavers to give more definition to the pedestrian walkway. Image 51: Stamped Concrete Image 52: Stone Pavers To create a continuous bike trail through the site, where Design Detail: the bike trail crosses an intersection the trail will remain

Image 46: Final Master Plan raised instead of creating a curb cut. 0 100ft 200ft 300ft 400ft 500ft 0 2ft 4ft 6ft Way-finding Signs 0 100ft 200ft 300ft 400ft 500ft Image 46: Final Master Plan 1 ft 9in Mississippi River Compass Symbol Metal “Trees and Design Detail: Lake Bemidji Waves” Waterfront Section Paul and Babe Waterfront Park: Special Events 5 Lake Bemidji Information Signs

Fake Rocks Water Fountain C1 B1 B2 8 ft 6 in Water Spout Mississippi River 4 ft 6 in Compass Symbol Water Spout Fake Rocks 5 4 ft 3 ft 3 ft Metal Base

Water Line 2 ft 6 in 2 ft 6 in Concrete Footing Concrete C2 8 ft Footing Visitors Center 10 ft 1 ft 6 in Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul Bunyan Dr. 0 2ft 4ft 6ft Image 57: Sign and Water Fountain Detail B1 Not to Scale B2 New Pavilion/Stage New Stamped Visitors Center Patio Image 58: Visitors Center Section Concrete Courtyard

Paul Bunyan To provide all of Bemidji’s Special Events with a more Not to Scale Building Section Image 63: Waterfront Park; Summer permanent area than what exists currently, 12 “Ice House” Not to Scale New Pavilion/Stage and Babe the Image 61: Waterfront Park; Winter Not to Scale “Ice House” Food Booths have been added to the waterfront park. Festivals: Not to Scale Festivals: Mississippi River Blue Ox Food Booths Image 59: Food Booth Festivals: Ice Out! Image 62: Waterfront Park; Spring Art in the Park Image 64: Waterfront Park; Fall Visitors Center Sketch Night We Light Winter 1st Day of May 4th of July Carnival Brrrrrmidji’s Polar Daze In addition to the Paul and Babe Waterfront Park Boat Show Spring Downtown Days Summer Festivals: Season-long Broomball Tournament being used for winter activities the lake directly Plant Bemidji Beautiful By keeping a portion of the Paul and Babe Dragon Boat Races In the summer months one or two of the food Lumberjack Days Fall Mini-Finlandia out from the park can have temporary Beltrami Humane Society Dog walk Waterfront Park open, people have the Rubber Ducks Race booths could be run by groups such as the boy Wild Game Feed The fall season provides an opportunity for Take a Kid Ice Fishing hockey, boot hockey, broomball, and curling Fishing Opener Countdown opportunity to create their own activities such as Take a Kid Fishing scouts and sell food even when there isn’t a “Deer Camp” festivals and informal gatherings of people to Snow Sculpture Garden rinks through the winter season. Earth Day having a picnic or a frisbee or soccer game. Auto Club Car Show special event happening Back-to-School Bar-b-que celebrate the north woods culture. Image 46: C1Final Master Plan 0 100ft 200ft 300ft 400ft 500ft Not to Scale C2 0 100ft 200ft 300ft 400ft 500ft Image 46: Final Master Plan Image 60: Building Section Metal “Trees and 2ft Waves” Lake Bemidji Design Detail: Lake Bemidji Dock Materials

6 ft

Event/City Banner 6 Dock Section 4 ft 3 in Mississippi River Individual Color LED Lights Hybrid Compass Symbol 1ft 9 in Image 67: Decking Base 5 ft 6 in 3 in Dock Bumpers 12 ft 1 ft 6 in 1 ft Steel Wire Ropes

22 ft Steel Truss Frame 12 ft 1 ft Dock Floats Paul Bunyan Dr. Design Detail: D1 D2 Paul Bunyan Dr. Metal Pole Multi-Color LED Lights Not to Scale Image 73: Dock Detail Image 68: “Bench Walk” Image 71: “Bite Me” Bench Hybrid Decking 8 ft 9 in 14 ft Railings The benches for resting and “Bench Walk” 2 ft 10 in viewing the water also tie into the 9 ft Image 66: Lighting Detail other benches on site that will have local artists create the backrest in a “north woods theme”. These Concrete Footing benches will become the “Bench 7 ft Icicle LED Lights Mississippi River Mississippi River Image 69: Walk”, a practical continuation of the D1 Design Detail: downtown sculpture walk. D2 Within the site there have been two 0 2ft 4ft 6ft Seasonal Lighting 0 6ft 12ft 18ft new dock sections that serve to Lighting Not to Scale 6 Image 70: Seasonal Lighting Perspective Large boulders for shoreline stabilization connect people to the lake. Image 65: Seasonal Lighting Plan 0 100ft 200ft 300ft 400ft 500ft 0 100ft 200ft 300ft 400ft 500ft Image 46: Final Master Plan Image 72: Dock Section Shoreline Stabilization Potential Plants Lake Bemidji Options Box Elder Regent Service Berry Sketch Acer negundo Amelanchier alnifolia ‘Regent’ www. en.wikipedia.org www. connon.ca

Shoreline Stabilization Section Northern Red Oak Common Hackberry Quercus rubra Celtis occidentalis www. zoologirl.wordpress.com www. hulsnursery.com Information Common Chokecherry Sign (Prunus virginiana) Sugar Maple Common Chokecherry Acer saccharum Prunus virginiana www. deskpicture.com www. wildflowerchild.info Tussock Sedge Image 74: Shoreline Stabilization E1 (Carex stricta) Green Ash Glossy Black Chokeberry Fraxinus pennsylvanica Aronia melonocarpa www. biology.missouristate.edu www. nmgrassmasters.com

Paul Bunyan Dr. Boulevard Linden Dwarf Mugo Pine Hybrid Tilia americana ‘Boulevard’ Pinus mugo pumilio Decking www. melissacmorris.blogspot.com www. hasselman.com Boardwalk Mix of shrubs and Mix of shrubs and Paper Birch White Clover E2 large boulders for large boulders for Betula papyrifera Trifolium repens E1 shoreline stabilization shoreline stabilization www. johnsonmatel.com www. hear.org E2 0 6ft 12ft 18ft Black Spruce Tussock Sedge Image 75: Shoreline Section Picea mariana Carex stricta Mississippi River Where space allows a mix of native www. cas.vanderbilt.edu www. michigannature.wordpress.com shrubs and grasses will be added to the large boulders being used throughout Red Pine Common Milkweed Pinus resinosa Asclepias syriaca the site for shoreline stabilization. www. botit.botany.wisc.edu www. deercreekdam.com Image 46: Final Master Plan Not to Scale 0 100ft 200ft 300ft 400ft 500ft Image 76: Plant Images Image 1: Seasonal image of Paul and Babe Building Zoning Utilities References Inventory Map Image 1, 4, 11, 18, 20, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, Inventory Map 2 Inventory Map 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75: Megann Long Voelkner Lake Bemidji Lake Bemidji 1 Image 2, 3: Based off information from Google Earth

Image 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27: Photographs by Megann Long Voelkner 1 Paul Bunyan Dr.

Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul and Babe Image 16: www.brianandkellyschultz.com Paul and Babe

Image 17: www.bcac.wordpress.com

Image 19: Information from http://www.climate-charts.com/USA-Stations/MN/MR210643.php

Image 22: www. gsetasmania2012.blogspot.com Mississippi River Mississippi River Image 51: www.stampedconcretebuffalony.com

Image 52: www.paragonpavers.tripod.com

Image 67: www.royoled.en.made-in-china.com

Image 68: www.tootoo.com Public/County Zoning- Shoreline Empty Building Zoning- Shoreline Buffer Sanford Center Image 69: www.santatheclaus.com Sanford Center Zoning- Suburban Residential (sewered) Goods and Services Zoning- Low Density Commercial Mixed Use Zoning- Urban Renaissance Image 76: All the Plant images have the website referenced directly beneath the plant’s name 2 Residential Zoning- Moderate Density Residential Educational Zoning- Lake Oriented Commercial Zoning- Lake Oriented Development Religious Image A2: Zoning Map Image A1: Building Inventory Map Image A3: Utilities Map Image 47: Bird’s- Eye Perspective (Image 19) Building Inventory Graph Different Ages in Bemidji Red Lake Median Resident Age: 27.6 yrs Areas of Interest Pamida Carnegie Library 34.6mi NW 42min. Proximity Biological Built on an Indian Built in 1909 Connection to College Inventory Map and Settlers Burial Inventory Map Inventory Map 2 Lake Bemidji Community Supports the College Ground Has no Setback from 1 Lake Bemidji Sidewalk, city has Bemidji State University 1.2 mi N 5min. BSU Winter Parking Exact Location of recently decided this Additional Parking on the Lake Paul Bunyan Dr. Paul Bunyan Dr. 1 Paul and Babe original trading post is dangerous Paul and Babe

Study in process to Controversy over Image A8: Bemidji Ages Graph determine Image A10: Supporting the College with Signs building over the possibilities of Mississippi River Different Races in Bemidji Mississippi River grounds being moving or Connection to Native disrespectful Image A7: Proximity Map 2 demolishing Culture Potential plans Science Center wants 16.1mi E 25min. Dual language signs in Ojibwe to celebrate to use and create an include moving to the culture and support a dying language Sanford Center Topography Lines Sanford Center Landmarks in Bemidji path under the end of library park or changing Paul Steep Sloped Area Soils- Urban Land/Greycalm Complex: 6-12% slope Sculpture Walk bridge to connect to Leech Lake Standing Water Soils- Urban Land/Greycalm Complex: 1-6% slope Natural Shoreline Plants Soils- Urban Land/Comant Complex Buildings of Interest Bunyan Dr. 53.6mi SE 1hr. 10min. Image A4: Areas of Interest map the lake Existing Vegetation Soils- Murkey Muck Image A5: Pamida and Parking Lot Image A6: Carnegie Library Image A12: Biological Map Image A11: Open sign written in English Image A9: Bemidji Races Graph and Ojibwe Lake Uses Sanford Center Appendix References Inventory Map 287.63 Acres Image A 1, 2, 4, 12, 13, 14: Created by Megann Long Voelkner. Based off of maps and experiences Image A3: Based off Information from the City Of Bemidji Lake Bemidji Image A 5, 6, 10, 11: Photographs by Megann Long Voelkner

Impervious Spaces (236.93 Acres) Image A7: Based off of Google Maps Empty/Industrial Space (4.23 Acres) Image A8: Information from http://www.city-data.com/city/Bemidji-Minnesota.html Park Space (8.80Acres) Paul Bunyan Dr. Image A9: Information from http://www.city-data.com/city/Bemidji-Minnesota.html Shoreline (37.67 Acres)

Paul and Babe

Mississippi River Image A14: Site Uses Graph 4.84 Miles of Road

Speed Boats Pontoon Boats 2.34 Miles of Trails Canoes/Kayaks Sailboats Trucks/Cars Snowmobiles 1.90 Miles of Lakeshore Image A13: Lake Uses Map