ASTRONOMY LEARNING GUIDE UNIT 03, THE STARS Essential Questions:  Why is the bright (dark) spectral lines of light emitted from (absorbed by) the atoms of an element are unique to that element?  How a star’s spectrum is formed?  What is a main-sequence star?  What is the most basic property of a star that determines its location on the main sequence?  What is the importance of the H-R Diagram? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIoA1P30HrM

Learning Targets: Key Vocabulary: SCI.ASTR.11.3.1 Describe the method and range of the parallax technique for determining the distances to stars.

Spectra SCI.ASTR.11.3.2 Describe three types of spectra: emission, Emission absorption, and continuous spectra. Absorption Luminosity SCI.ASTR.11.3.3 Explain why emission and absorption spectra Wien’s Law are unique for each element. Temperature H-R Diagram SCI.ASTR.11.3.4 Give a general description of stellar spectra, Binary and explain how they are divided into spectral classes.

Parallax SCI.ASTR.11.3.5 Explain how a star’s chemical composition, Main-Sequence surface temperature, and radial velocity are determined from its Dwarf spectrum. Red Giant Blue Giant SCI.ASTR.11.3.6 Explain what the other kinds of information that Super Giant can be obtained from stellar spectra.

5 1 SCI.ASTR.11.3.7 Explain how a star’s proper motion and space velocity are determined.

SCI.ASTR.11.3.8 Explain the difference between apparent brightness and luminosity.

SCI.ASTR.11.3.9 Explain the relationship between apparent magnitude, absolute magnitude, and distance.

SCI.ASTR.11.3.10 Describe the H–R diagram and explain the 4 2 relationship of a star’s mass to its luminosity and temperature.

SCI.ASTR.11.3.11 Compare red giants and white dwarfs with our Sun in terms of mass, diameter, and density.

SCI.ASTR.11.3.12 Define and explain the four types of binary sta 3 systems