1
TCNGC10 TCNGC13
TCNGC3
A A CcCNGC10.1
TCNGC1
CcCNGC10-2 A TCNGC1
A A TCNGC12 CcCNGC1-2 A
TCNGC7 CcCNGC1-1 A TCNGC8 CcCNGC20-1 A CcCNGC8-2 CcCNGC20-2 CcCNGC8-1 ATCNGC6 CcCNGC19 ATCNGC9 ATCNGC20 ATCNGC5 CcCNGC5-2 ATCNGC19 CcCNGC5-1 CcCNGC2 CcCNGC15-1 CcCNGC15-2 TCNGC2 A A TCNGC15 CcCNGC15-3 ATCNGC4
CcCNGC4-1
CcCNGC4-2 TCNGC14 A
TCNGC18 CcCNGC14
CcCNGC16-2A TCNGC17
TCNGC16
A A CcCNGC17
CcCNGC16-1
ICAR-NBPGR
ISSN 0971-2577
okf"kZd izfrosnu Annual Report 2017-2018
HkkÑvuqi&jk"Vªh; ikni vkuqoaf'kd lalk/u C;wjks ICAR-NATIONAL BUREAU OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/ku ifj"kn~) (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) iwlk ifjlj] ubZ fnYyh&110 012 PUSA Campus, New Delhi-110 012 ICAR-NBPGR Annual Report 2017-18
Published by Dr Kuldeep Singh, Director
Supervised by Dr K Pradheep, Chairman, Publication Committee
Editorial Team Manjusha Verma Sherry R Jacob R Parimalan Bharat H Gawade Vartika Srivastava Kuldeep Tripathi
Website: www.nbpgr.ernet.in Printed at: Alpha Printographics (India), New Delhi-110 028 ISSN 0971-2577 © National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources 2018
This report includes unprocessed or semi-processed data that would form the basis of scientific papers and products in due course. The material contained herein may not be used without the permission of Director, ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources except for quoting it for scientific reference.
Citation: ICAR-NBPGR (2018) Annual Report 2017-2018, ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India, 181p
ii ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18
Mandate Management and promote sustainable use of plant genetic and genomic resources of agri- horticultural crops and carry out related research Coordination and capacity building in PGR management and policy issues governing access and benefit sharing of their use Molecular profiling of varieties of agri-horticultural crops and GM- detection technology research
iv ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 PREFACE
I am delighted to place before you the ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR) annual report (2017-18). It is a nodal organization established under ICAR in 1976, with a national responsibility to plan, execute and coordinate all plant genetic resources’ management and utilization activities viz., exploration and collection; exchange; quarantine; characterization and evaluation; DNA fingerprinting, genomic resources’ generation and GM detection; ex situ, in situ and in vitro conservation of germplasm. Outputs based on the objectives and research activities for 2017 under 21 institutionally funded programmes and 31 externally funded projects were planned in accordance with the suggestions by Research Advisory Committee (RAC), Germplasm Advisory Committee (GAC) and workshops of All India Coordinated Research Networks (AICRN).
During 2017, 28 explorations resulted in a collection of 2,104 germplasm of various agri-horticultural crops from 22 states across the country covering remote and difficult areas, including border areas of Kashmir and unexplored areas in NE region and Nicobar Islands. During collection, emphasis was placed to collect crop wild relatives (CWRs) as reflected in the collection of CWR amounting to 28%. A total of 504 herbarium specimens (including 54 unrepresented taxa) were processed and added to National Herbarium of Cultivated Plants (NHCP). Significantly, two new taxa viz., Abelmoschus angulosus var. mahendragiriensis R.C.Misra and Momordica cochinchinensis subsp. andamanica Kattuk., Roy et Krishnaraj were described.
ICAR-NBPGR acts as a fulcrum to exchange crop germplasm between countries for research purposes. During 2017, an import of 52,885 accessions (1,79,478 samples) was effected with prominence on trait-specific germplasm. Simultaneously, 1,062 accessions were exported to various countries apart from Svalbard global seed vault (200 acc.), FAO designated accessions (12,004) and CIMMYT nurseries / trials (33,001). In addition, we also catered to the germplasm requirement for various organizations at national level and supplied 68,186 samples of different crops through MTA for utilization in various crop improvement programmes and for regeneration / characterization.
Another major PGR management activity pertaining to germplasm movement is quarantine processing; wherein, the adventitious movement of pathogens / pests / potential weeds for 1,21,638 imported germplasm (seeds and vegetative propagules) were restricted during 2017. For export involving 34,677 samples, a total of 103 phytosanitary certificates was issued. Quarantine measures are also performed for long term conservation of germplasm through seed health testing and during the year, seeds of 34,510 samples were processed and 34,399 samples were sent for long term conservation in NGB.
Germplasm characterization, evaluation and regeneration is one of the core activities of PGR management and during 2017, 12,529 accessions of agri-horticultural crops were multiplied / regenerated / characterized / evaluated with respect to biotic / abiotic stresses / quality and phyto-chemical parameters or agronomical traits. Another 9,050 accessions of various agri-horticultural crops were characterized at different agro-ecological zones across the country in the regional stations and base centres of the Institute.
The pivotal activity of PGR management is germplasm conservation for sustained utilization and the conservation status at the National genebank as on 31st December 2017 is 4,34,946. During 2017, 24,607 accessions were augmented / replenished. Registration of 91 germplasm with unique traits belonging to 27 species of various agri-horticultural crops was done. Medium term storage facility and field gene banks play a primary role for national germplasm supply as well as in field conservation of perennial and recalcitrant species. In total, 1,69,939 and 7,174 accessions are being conserved in MTS and FGB, respectively across the regional stations and base centres of the Institute.
PREFACE v In vitro and cryo-conservation is the lifeline for recalcitrant and vegetatively propagated species’ conservation and during 2017, cryo (783) and in vitro cultures (1,821 acc.) were conserved under liquid nitrogen and ambient (25±2oC; 16/8h) / low temperature (4-10oC), respectively. Viability testing for cryostored (13-29 yrs) orthodox and non-orthodox seeds (30 acc.) revealed retention of original viability.
DNA fingerprinting for 261 samples (22 crops) and genetic diversity (346 acc. of seven crops) was performed during 2017; and trait-specific markers for various agri-horticultural crops were developed. Genomic resources (500) of 23 crops were augmented in the National Genomics Resources Repository during this period. An efficient LAMP screening method for transgene detection and GMO matrix with 24 genetic elements for GM cotton events as a decision support system were developed. Significantly, a rice diversity database for similarity identification has been developed in collaboration with ICAR-NRCPB and ICAR-IASRI.
ICAR-NBPGR is imperatively involved in PGR policy planning at national and international level; further, agricultural knowledge management unit maintains consolidated PGR information through various online databases and apps. Primary endeavour of human resources development in the form of teaching resulted in the award of post-graduate degrees to six students (4 M.Sc. and 2 Ph.D) in PGR discipline. Besides, the institute organized four trainings during 2017 and 12 scientific and six technical / administrative staff underwent various training programmes. National laurels were accorded upon 30 scientific staff of the institute with young/best scientist awards or ‘fellows’ of national societies. Salient research outputs (227) made during 2017 were disseminated in various forms (print / online / talks). With its country-wide presence, ICAR-NBPGR is effectively enganged in various outreach activities and during this year, the institute organized eight field days, and ten PGR awareness- cum-biodiversity fair programmes under Tribal Sub Plan or Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav for the benefit of farmers, researchers, students and tribal people.
ICAR-NBPGR takes this opportunity to endorse and acknowledge the guardianship of ICAR for all the support; and financial assistance provided by various national and international funding agencies. My utmost gratitude is due to Dr T Mohapatra, the Hon’ble Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR; Shri Chhabilendra Roul, Spl. Secretary, DARE and Secretary, ICAR; Dr JS Sandhu and Dr AK Singh, DDG (Crop Science) and Dr DK Yadava, ADG (Seed), ICAR for their persistent leadership and invigoration in fulfilling the mandate of ICAR-NBPGR.
I place here my appreciation to all the HoDs, OICs, scientists, technical, administrative and supporting staff for their co-operation, competence and allegiance. Contributions of the contractual staff are immense and are placed on record with appreciation. Special thanks to Drs Manjusha Verma, Sherry R Jacob, R Parimalan, Bharat Gawade, Vartika Srivastava and Kuldeep Tripathi for compiling the annual report for 2017-18.
May 28, 2018 Kuldeep Singh
New Delhi Director
vi ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 LIST OF ACRONYMS
ABD Augmented Block Design μM Micro Molar ACC. Accession AEBAS Aadhar Enabled Biometric Attendance System ArMV Arabis mosaic virus AVRDC Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre BGM Botrytis Grey Mould BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa BWC Biological Weapons Convention CBD Convention on Biodiversity CBDP CAAT box- derived polymorphism CEBPOL Centre for Biodiversity Policy & Law CFU Colony-Forming Unit CGIAR Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research CGRFA Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre CLRV Cherry leaf roll virus CNGC Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels CSIR Council of Scientific & Industrial Research CWRs Crop Wild Relatives DAC&FW Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare DAS-ELISA Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid EC Exotic Collection ECS Embryonic Cell Suspension ED Encapsulation-Dehydration EMC Equilibrium Moisture Content EST-SSR Expressed Sequence Tag- Simple Sequence Repeats FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FGB Field Genebank
ACRONYMS vii FV Farmer’s Varieties GEQIS Germplasm Exchange & Quarantine Information System GFLV Grapevine fanleaf virus GHU Germplasm Handling Unit GMO Genetically Modified Organism GPA Global Plan of Action GST Goods and Service Tax HPV High plains virus IC Indigenous Collection ICARDA International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture ISO International Organization for Standardization ISSR Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat ITPGRFA International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture ITS Internal Transcribed Spacer IVAG In Vitro Active Genebank IVGB In Vitro Base Genebank LAMP Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification LAN Local Area Network LMO Living Modified Organism LN Liquid Nitrogen LTS Long Term Storage M &AP Medicinal and Aromatic Plants MCMV Maize chlorotic mottle virus MEA Ministry of External Affairs MH Madras Herbarium MoEF&CC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change MoU Memorandum of Understanding MRE Mean Relative Error MTA Material Transfer Agreement MTS Medium Term Storage NBRI National Botanical Research Institute
viii ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 NGB National Genebank NGO Non-Governmental Organization NGTL Network of GMO Testing Laboratories NHCP National Herbarium of Cultivated Plants NIRS Near-Infrared Spectroscopy NPGS National Plant Germplasm System OYVMD Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease PBL Port Blair PCM Presidency College Madras PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction PEQ Post-Entry Quarantine PEQI Post-Entry Quarantine Inspection PEQIA Post-entry Quarantine Inspection Area PGR Plant Genetic Resources PGRC Plant Germplasm Registration Committee PGRFA Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture PIC Polymorphism Information Content PPA Plant Protection Advisor PPM Parts Per Million PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal PVS2 Plant Vitrification Solution 2 RBD Randomized Block Design RKN Root-Knot Nematode RT-PCR Reverse Transcription (or Real-Time) Polymerase Chain Reaction SCoT Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM Standard Error of Estimate/moisture SGSV Svalbard Global Seed Vault SM Shoot Meristem SMTA Standard Material Transfer Agreement SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SOP Standard Operating Procedure SPS Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix SSR Simple Sequence Repeats ST Shoot Tip TaGI Triticum aestivum Gene Indices TBT Technical Barriers to Trade TSP Tribal Sub-plan TSS Total Soluble Solids TSV Tobacco streak virus UIDAI-RD Unique Identification Authority of India- Registered Devices UPGMA Unweighted Pair Group Mean Average URP Universal Rice Primers WEUP Wild Economically Useful Plants WIEWS World Information and Early Warning System WRA Weed Risk Assessment YMD Yellow Mosaic Disease ZE Zygotic Embryo
x ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Significant achievements during 2017-18 by ICAR- (1 wild), red rice (2) and cowpea (1) were collected National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR- from an exploration in Gujarat by Jodhpur station. NBPGR) on various PGR aspects viz., plant exploration Ranchi-RS performed four explorations with one each and collection of germplasm; germplasm exchange; covering Chhattisgarh and Ranchi, two in Jharkhand plant germplasm quarantine; germplasm resulted in collection of 140 germplasm comprising characterization and evaluation; ex situ, in situ and in maize (43), chilli (17), brinjal (3), wild solanum sp (20), vitro conservation of germplasm; DNA fingerprinting, early-maturing rice (2), jamun (26), Monkey-jack (20) genomic resources’ generation and GM detection; and Saraca asoca (9). Shillong station conducted under 21 institutionally funded programmes and 31 three explorations (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and externally funded projects are summarized hereunder: Meghalaya) and a total of 238 germplasm were collected. One exploration in collaboration with Plant exploration and collection of CSKHPKV, Palampur was conducted by Shimla station germplasm and 77 germplasm from the Lahaul region of HP were A total of 2,104 germplasm of various agri-horticultural collected. One multi-crop germplasm exploration crops, crop wild relatives (CWRs) and other economic covering extreme border locations in Tulail and Machil plants were collected from 22 states across the area of Kashmir not covered earlier by the Bureau was country through 28 explorations. Of these, 12 undertaken by Srinagar station and unique germplasm explorations (one in each state) were undertaken by of cultivated crops (56) and CWR (75), belonging to HQ and 786 accessions were collected. A total of 36 taxa and 53 species were collected. Five 504 herbarium specimens (including 54 unrepresented exploration programmes covering Kerala, Karnataka, taxa) were processed and added to National TN (2) and Great Nicobar were undertaken by Thrissur Herbarium of Cultivated Plants (NHCP), New Delhi. station and 344 germplasm were collected. Also, a The Akola station undertook two explorations and a new subspecies; Momordica cochinchinensis subsp. total of 150 germplasm of different crops (Safflower, andamanica Kattuk., Roy et Krishnaraj was described. linseed, Corchorus spp., Hibiscus spp., Aloe vera and Germplasm exchange Crotalaria juncea) were collected from fifteen districts of Maharashtra. Cultivated rice and its CWR, cotton, An import of 52,885 accessions (1,79,478 samples) Abelmoschus with CWR and Cucumis species including 35,046 accessions (35,904 samples) and comprising 207 germplasm were collected from West 17,839 entries (1,43,574 samples) of CGIAR nurseries Bengal, Karnataka and Odisha through three for trials was effected during 2017. Simultaneously, explorations undertaken by the Cuttack centre. 1,062 accessions to various countries, 200 accessions Additionally, 1,350 herbarium specimens are being for Svalbard global seed vault, 12,004 FAO designated maintained in the herbarium of the centre. accessions and 33,001 samples for CIMMYT nurseries Significantly, rice landrace from high saline area; / trials were exported. Perennial type cotton germplasm from waterlogged and high salinity area; Hedychium coronarium, CWR National supply: 11,949 samples of different crops of Cucumis and Abelmoschus spp. including were supplied to national users for utilization in various Abelmoschus angulosus var. mahendragiriensis crop improvement programmes based on requests R.C.Misra – a new distributional record from India received from research workers under a Material were collected. The Hyderabad station undertook Transfer Agreement (MTA). In addition, 56,237 samples one collaborative exploration and 150 germplasm were supplied for regeneration/ multiplication/ comprising sorghum, millets, cucurbits and wild morphological characterization/ preliminary relatives were collected. Fifty-one accessions of evaluation/ taxonomic identification/ DNA sorghum (21), mungbean (11), urdbean (01), mothbean fingerprinting/ viability testing. (5), maize (3), ragi (3), little millet (3), Abelmoschus
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 Prominent germplasm introduced samples. Of 191 cryo-preserved samples (or for cryo- preservation) received for seed health testing, 9 Wheat: Increased amylose and starch content samples were found infected with different fungi and (EC915108 from USA); significant resistance to the all were salvaged. Additionally, in Hyderabad station, most dangerous fungal pathogens combined with high 57,061 samples (25,188 imports; 31,518 + 355 exports) grain quality and high protein content (cultivar Wirtas- were processed for quarantine and 87 phytosanitary EC93068 from Poland); core set (EC933715-933915 certificates were issued. Total of 7,106 infected/ from Australia). infested import samples were salvaged and 132 export Maize: Traditional cultivars and landraces samples were detained due to heavy infestation. In (EC926982-927047 from Mexico). total, 27,640 samples were released after quarantine. PEQI for 9,605 samples were conducted in NBPGR Frenchbean: Core collection (EC931101-2597 from green house and other on-site locations. CIAT, Columbia). Germplasm characterization and evaluation Gossypium ekmaniaum: A new introduction (EC906581-89 from USA). During 2017, a staggering number of accessions (12,529) of agri-horticultural crops were Grapes: Seedless and high yielding varieties characterized, evaluated, regenerated and multiplied. Romulus, Challenger, Einset and Vanessa (EC902172- Preliminary screening for mungbean (770), urdbean 902175 from USA). (771), brinjal wild species Solanum incanum (55), various crops (285) and okra wild species (269); Casabanana (Sicana odorifera): Varieties Melocoton advanced screening for Abelmoschus moschatus (86) and Pavi with brilliant red, bright orange fruits’ flesh were done for various biotic stresses. A total of 571 used in drinks, jellies and other desserts and huge accessions comprising of wheat minicore (228) rice vines used as ornamental (EC902359-902360 from (84), maize (109) and urdbean (150) were evaluated USA; EC904234 from Guatemala and EC904235 from for abiotic stresses. Agri-horticultural crops (2,504) Bolivia). and medicinal & aromatic plants (174) were evaluated Plant germplasm quarantine for quality and phyto-chemical parameters, respectively. Under CRP-AB-PGR Component-II, Quarantine processing for 96,450 imported 4,463 accessions of various agri-horticultural crops germplasm (seeds and vegetative propagules) were were evaluated for agronomic traits, biotic and abiotic performed at HQ and 1,346 samples of 1,653 infected stresses. In Akolaola, 203 and 389 acc. of various agri- samples were salvaged and the rest were rejected horticultural crops were characterized/ evaluated (307). The rejections were due to Tilletia barclayana during Rabi 2016-17 and Kharif 2017, respectively. in Oryza sativa (254), T. carries in Triticum aestivum Besides, 2,139 accessions of various crops were (15), Ascochyta lentis in Lens culinaris (16) and viruses multiplied and regenerated. A total of 1887 accessions in Glycine max (22). Post-entry quarantine (PEQ) for were characterized/evaluated for morpho-agronomic exotic legume germplasm (1,222) was performed in traits in BhowaliBhowali. Cuttack station characterized 316 greenhouses and seeds from virus-free plants were accessions comprising rice (162), wild Oryza species harvested and released to the indenters. Thirteen on- (95), Ocimum spp. (41) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (18). site PEQ inspections were performed during 2017. For Also, evaluation of rice (12) for identification of trait export involving 2,804 samples, a total of 16 specific donors, Ocimum spp. (41) for estimation of phytosanitary certificates was issued. Absence of essential oil content was done. Two rice germplasm terminator gene was ensured in 982 import transgenic IC-618918 and IC-618927 were identified as samples, one exotic virus was found in maize and all submergence tolerant and two Ocimum germplasm were salvaged prior to release. Seed health testing IC-589184 and IC-599344) were identified as of 34,510 samples [pathogens (infected/rejected): promising for highest essential oil content (3.2ml/plant). fungi (785/20), nematodes (366/0), and insect pests In Hyderabadabad, 1099 accessions including linseed (126/91)] resulted in long term conservation of 34,399 (100), amaranths (126) and pillipesara (60 accs.)
6 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 browntop millet (37), Italian millet (78), maize (65), Station FGB MTS sesame (308), brinjal (112), chillies (165), field bean Akola 54 20488 (48) and Dolichos bean (30) were characterized/ evaluated/multiplied. 107 accessions of various crops Bhowali 1,251 11266 collected during explorations from different parts of Cuttack 579 - Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and Karnataka Hyderabad 136 81,462 were multiplied for long-term storage in the NGB. In Jodhpur 752 36,005 Jodhpurodhpur, three accessions of methi (early-maturing, Ranchi 944 - huge foliage and small seed with high aroma); one Shillong 472 1,207 wheat (large spike); two moth bean (early maturing, Shimla 1,023 12,565 crinkle virus); three cowpea (YMV, insect resistance, Srinagar 65 - early-maturing); two ber (stoneless, fruitfly resistant) and two high-yielding guar (grains, vegetable) Thrissur 1,898 6,946 identified earlier for the respective traits were In vitro- and cryo-conservation of germplasm reconfirmed. During Kharif 2017, 550 accessions of different crops were evaluated. Rice (71), fingermillet During 2017, in vitro cultures (1,821 acc.) of fruits, bulb, (29), bael (134), jamun (39) and jackfruit (168) were tuber spices, plantation and industrial crops, medicinal, characterized for agro-morphological traits at Ranchi aromatic and rare/endangered plants, and others station. In ShimlaShimla, various crops were characterized were conserved under ambient (25±2oC; 16/8h) / low during Rabi 2016-17 (279) and Kharif 2017 (1,435). temperature (4-10oC) conditions. In cryogenebank, Common bean (60) against rust was evaluated at 783 accessions comprising fruits, industrial crops, multi-location under controlled conditions. VL44, legumes, millets, forages, vegetables and wild
PLP-1 and their F4 derivatives (228) in grain amaranth species were cryostored as seeds, embryonic axes, were evaluated. Horticultural crops germplasm (121) pollen and genomic resources in 2017, totaling to were characterized and evaluated for various fruit 12,935 accessions. In banana (Musa AAA cv Grand traits. Pear (30) was screened for viruses (ACLSV, Naine), cost-efficient technology was developed ASGV) using DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. In Srinagarrinagar, using floral meristems (from immature male flower 366 accessions were characterized for their agro- buds) for cryobanking. In Kaempferia rotundata, morphological traits during Rabi 2016-17 under rain- conservation period was extended to 20 months by fed conditions. Maize (11) was evaluated for fatty acid induction of in vitro rhizomes. Varying degree of pre- composition, protein and oil content. In ThrissurThrissur, 374 and post-freezing success was achieved in collections of agri-horticultural crops were cryopreservation of Allium spp., Musa spp., Rauvolfia characterized for various economic traits. serpentina and Vaccinium ovatum. In vitro cryobanking was done in 21 accessions of Allium spp. (6), Dioscorea Ex situ conservation of germplasm deltoidea (3), Musa (10) and V. ovatum (2) during 2017. Total germplasm holding in NGB as on 31st December Genetic stability assessment of cryopreserved 2017 was 4,34,946. During this year, 4,373 accessions regenerated Musa (EST-SSR) and Bacopa monnieri were augmented and 20,234 were added through (RAPD and biochemical markers) plantlets with respect regeneration; comprising varieties to be notified, to their controls revealed their stability. Periodic viability released cultivars and trait-specific registered testing of orthodox and non-orthodox seeds (30 acc.) germplasm of various crops. Other prioritized activities being cryostored for 13-29 years revealed retention were: assessing seed viability (8,455) and distribution of original viability. (40,383) for various research purposes. Significant DNA fingerprinting, genomic resources’ differences between predicted and observed viability generation and GM detection in rice seeds conserved for 20 years at LTS was recorded. Number of germplasm being conserved at DNA fingerprinting for 261 samples (22 crops) from MTS / FGB facilities across the RS / BC of NBPGR are public and private sector organization for varietal provided in the table below. confirmation, seed purity, hybrid testing and genetic
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 diversity analysis was done during 2017. A total of stakeholders during 2017. Apart from this, 12 scientific 500 genomic resources (23 crops) were augmented and six technical / administrative staff underwent in National Genomics Resources Repository during various training programmes imparted by various 2017 resulting in a total holding of 5474 accessions organizations. (44 crops). Genetic diversity was studied in 346 germplasm for various agri-horticultural crops. InDel Scientific and technical staff of the institute had based STS marker was developed to differentiate participated in 102 seminars / symposia / conferences traditional Basmati from non-Basmati. An efficient and / workshops during 2017 to share scientific updates rapid LAMP screening method was developed through a common platform to gain an edge on current targeting rice actin promoter (P-ract) and nos promoter development in allied research areas. Besides, 20 (P-nos). Validated event-specific real-time PCR assays scientific staff of the Institute underwent foreign were used to detect unapproved GM cotton events deputation during 2017. viz., MON1445 and MON88913 for herbicide The scientific staffs of the institute were conferred with tolerance. Globally approved GM cotton events (35) 21 young/best scientist awards and nine scientists was used to construct a GMO matrix with 24 genetic were chosen as ‘fellows’ of various national societies. elements for a decision support system. A rice diversity database with 729 cultivars using 35 SNPs and 36 The major scientific contribution of the Institute SSRs has been developed in collaboration with ICAR- highlighted salient findings in the form of nationally NRCPB and ICAR-IASRI for similarity identification of and internationally peer-reviewed research articles unknown rice variety / germplasm using SNP/SSR (130), books (7), book chapters (28), bulletins (4), profiles. popular articles (20), tv talks (8), reports (3), plant germplasm reporter (1) and e-publication (34). Other Activities Four students were awarded M.Sc. degree and two The PGR Policy Planning Unit provided inputs to the Ph.D. degree during 2016-17. Currently, the PGR policy makers at various national and international discipline has 28 students (20 Ph.D, 8 M.Sc.) on rolls . levels on PGR management issues. During 2017, 91 germplasm with unique traits were Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit (AKMU) of registered belonging to 27 species of various agri- NBPGR consolidated information of 4,148 accessions horticultural crops. in the PGR Portal during 2017. The PGR Portal was accessed from many countries with an average number As a part of outreach activities, the institute organized of >3500 views per month in 2017. eight field days and ten PGR awareness-cum- biodiversity fair programmes under TSP or MGMG for ICAR-NBPGR organized four trainings for various the benefit of farmers, researchers, students and tribal people.
8 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 INTRODUCTION
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Bureau functions through its five main divisions, namely established the National Bureau of Plant Genetic i) Plant exploration and germplasm collection, ii) Plant Resources, (NBPGR) in 1976 with its headquarters at quarantine, iii) Germplasm evaluation, iv) Germplasm New Delhi. The Bureau is the nodal organization in conservation and v) Genomic resources and units viz., India with the national mandate to plan, conduct, Germplasm exchange (GEx), Tissue culture and promote and coordinate all activities concerning plant cryopreservation (TCCU), PGR policy (PPU), Agricultural exploration and collection, characterization and also knowledge management (AKMU) and Institute for safe conservation and distribution of both technology management (ITMU). indigenous and introduced genetic variability in crop plants and their wild relatives. It is also vested with The Bureau has a network of 10 RS / BCs to fulfill the the authority to issue Import Permit and Phytosanitary mandate of PGR management across different agro- Certificate and conduct quarantine checks on all seed ecological conditions of the nation. Besides, 40 ha. materials and plant propagules introduced from experimental farm at Issapur village (about 45 km west abroad or exported for research purpose (including of Delhi) caters to the field research requirements at transgenic material). HQ. It has strong linkages with leading crop-based Institutes, National Research Centres, All India Organizational set-up Coordinated Crop Improvement Projects, State Agricultural Universities and other stakeholders. ICAR- The Director, ICAR-NBPGR is the competent authority NBPGR also works in close collaboration with several for administration, research management and international institutes/organizations through coordination. The Institute management committee, memoranda of understanding/and workplans Research advisory committee, Crop advisory developed under bilateral/multilateral agreements. The committees and the Institute research council play Bureau not only provides genetic resources to on-going important advisory roles in PGR management. The crop improvement programmes to enhance agricultural productivity and its quality, but also conserves them safely to meet the needs of future generations. Supportive services include units of administration, purchase, stores, maintenance, audit and accounts and library.
Regional Stations/ Base Centres of the institute are located at Akola, Bhowali, Cuttack, Hyderabad, Jodhpur, Ranchi, Shillong, Shimla, Srinagar and Thrissur (Fig. 1). It also houses an All India Coordinated Research Network Project on Potential Crops. The total staff strength on December 31, 2017 was 314 comprising 123 scientific, 69 technical, 47 administrative and 61 supporting staff. National genebank
The National genebank, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi was established to conserve national heritage of germplasm collections in the form of seeds, vegetative propagules, tissue/cell cultures, embryos, gametes, etc. The cold Fig. 1: NBPGR network of regional stations storage facility was initiated with the support of UK and base centres.
INTRODUCTION 9 Fig. 2: Organogram of ICAR-NBPGR
10 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 wayback in 1983 and later, was augmented with four as All India Coordinated Research Network on Potential long-term storage modules (two units of 100 m3 and Crops (AICRNPC). The objectives of the AICRNPC two of 176 m3 capacity) to conserve seeds of orthodox are: species. Vegetatively propagated clonal materials and recalcitrant seeds germplasm are being maintained i. To explore and domesticate new plant sources of through tissue culture and cryo repositories and backed food, fodder, fuel, fibre, energy and industrial uses up with its maintenance under field conditions. ii. To collect/ introduce and characterize available The National Genebank facility commissioned in 1997 germplasm and its wild relatives has 13 modules, each with a storage capacity of iii. To identify superior genotypes of these new plants 50,000 to 76,000 samples depending upon the size and to develop improved varieties for different of seeds. One of these modules is used for medium agro-climatic regions. term storage of active germplasm collections and the rest for long- term storage. Its cryopreservation facility Until XI Plan, the network was working at 14 SAU contains six liquid nitrogen tanks (cryo-tanks), each centres, six cooperating centers of ICAR-NBPGR containing 1,000 litres of liquid nitrogen. These six cryo- Regional Stations and three voluntary centers covering tanks have a capacity to store 0.25 million samples. research activities on 17 plant species. In the XII Plan, Thus, the National Genebank has a total capacity to a new centre UBKV, Cooch Behar (West Bengal) was store 0.85 to 1.25 million samples. added for providing necessary technical back stopping for important crops in North Bengal such as ricebean Indian National Plant Genetic Resources and buckwheat. Also, seven new voluntary centres System (INPGRS) were added such as ICAR Research Complex for NEH ICAR-NBPGR strengthens the national PGR system by Region, Shillong along with its six centres located in linking the National Base Collection (kept under long- six states (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, term storage at ICAR-NBPGR) with 59 National Active Manipur, Tripura and Mizoram). Germplasm Sites responsible for different crops where International collaboration germplasm collections are evaluated and multiplied under field conditions, backed by medium-term storage NBPGR implements work plans developed under MoU facilities. The Research Advisory Committee and between ICAR and Bioversity International. Regional Germplasm Advisory Committees for different crops training courses on conservation and utilization of advise the Bureau regarding improving the capability, genetic resources of local crops of agricultural efficiency and effectiveness of its services. importance in South Asia and adjoining regions sponsored by FAO and Bioversity International are All India Coordinated Research Network on organized by ICAR-NBPGR. Potential Crops Besides working closely with Bioversity International, In view of the importance of underutilized crops, the ICAR-NBPGR also collaborates actively with the work on their collection, introduction, evaluation and International Agricultural Research Centers like ICRISAT, utilization was initiated at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during IRRI, ICARDA and CIMMYT. It has exchanged plant late 70’s and the activity was later extended to other germplasm with more than 80 countries and research centres in the country. In order to strengthen implements work plans developed under bilateral, and harmonize the scientific efforts on improvement regional and international agreements. and utilization of these crops, an All India Coordinated Research Project on Underutilized and Underexploited Training programmes and information Plants was established in 1982 during VI Five Year Plan services with its Headquarters at the ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. The Bureau organizes training programmes focusing During the X Five Year Plan, this project was brought on scientific procedures for collection, exchange, into a network mode and was renamed as All India quarantine/ biosecurity, biosafety, bioinformatics, Coordinated Research Network on Underutilized Crops DNA fingerprinting, evaluation, documentation and (AICRNUC). Further, during the XII Plan it was re-named
INTRODUCTION 11 conservation of PGR. ICAR-NBPGR brings out Annual to over 298 different organizations in India and in Report and Newsletter (quarterly) periodically. Besides, return, library has received 575 publications as gratis Crop catalogues and Germplasm Reporters are also from various national and international organizations. published. With the technology advancement, various databases and apps related to PGR management and Post-graduate teaching programme access are developed by the Bureau for efficient Since academic session 1997, Bureau has been utilization of PGR. Bureau’s library at headquarters is undertaking post-graduate teaching in plant genetic specialized in information dealing with plant genetic resources leading to M.Sc. degree affiliated to Post resources and subscribes to various foreign and Graduate School, IARI, New Delhi. From the academic national journals particularly related to PGR. session 2004-2005, Ph.D degree programme was Library and documentation services started by the Post Graduate School, IARI, New Delhi. During the year 2016-17, four students were awarded NBPGR has a dedicated library on plant genetic M.Sc. degree and two Ph.D. degree. Currently, the resource management and is being used by all staff PGR discipline has on rolls 28 students (20 Ph.D, 8 and students regularly. The library maintained its M.Sc.). designated services and activities of acquisition of books and journals, exchange of literature, Extension services for PGR awareness development of library collection database, The Bureau organizes Kisan Diwas/field days for Rabi circulation, reference services and documentation. and Kharif crops and distributes seeds/planting NBPGR Library is one of the members of ICAR-CeRA material along with relevant literature on technical Consortium that facilitates on-line access to the know-how for raising crops and management of PGR. journals and databases from regional stations as well. Special emphasis is given to create PGR awareness Newspaper clipping services on PGR and its related among grassroot level workers, tribal people, and subjects were provided to readers regularly. During farmers (particularly women) by organizing biodiversity the year under report, 152 books related to various fairs in villages. Students on educational tours visit the aspects of PGR management and Hindi literature were National Genebank, DNA fingerprinting, tissue culture added to the library collections through purchase and and quarantine labs, plant quarantine glasshouses/ exchange basis. A monthly list of new arrivals were containment facilities etc. located in the main campus also circulated to readers at the headquarters and at New Delhi to gain insights on PGR. regional stations. Bureau’s publications were provided
12 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Funds allocated and expenditure incurred during the financial year 2017-18
Unified Budget 2017-18 (Rs. In Lakh) A - Non-Recurring (Capital) B.E. 2017-18 Rev. Estimate Expenditure Works - Office Building 150.00 112.60 112.56 Equipments 1,300.00 1,820.50 1,820.40 Information Technology 7.00 0.00 0.00 Library Books & Journals 25.00 4.80 4.56 Vehicles & Vessels 20.00 14.50 14.46 Furniture & Fixtures 5.00 4.60 4.50 Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) 2.00 0.00 0.00 Total (A) 1,509.00 1,957.00 1,956.48 B - Recurring (Revenue) Establishment Charges - Regular 3,894.00 3,784.96 3,784.80 Wages - Regular 79.50 54.04 54.03 Overtimes Allowance 0.50 0.00 0.00 Pension & Other Retirement Benefits - Regular 3,003.00 3,402.74 3,402.63 Domestic TA/Transfer TA 30.00 30.00 30.00 Research Expenses 250.00 130.35 130.31 Operational Expenses 370.00 439.20 439.06 Infrastructure 480.00 563.15 563.09 Communication 15.00 7.75 7.72 Equipments, vehicles & others 30.00 27.00 27.00 Office Building 210.00 189.90 189.80 Residential Building 25.00 32.20 32.10 Minor Works 10.00 5.00 5.00 Others (excluding TA) 80.00 84.30 84.26 HRD 8.00 7.00 6.95 Publicity & Exhibitions 3.00 3.00 2.99 Guest House - Maintenance 1.00 0.65 0.64 Others Miscellaneous 18.00 18.50 18.50 Total (B) 8,507.00 8,779.74 8,778.88 Total (A+B) 10,016.00 10,736.74 10,735.36 Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) 8.00 20.00 16.04 NEH Expenditure 30.00 30.00 23.60 G. Total (A+B+NEH+TSP) 10,054.00 10,786.74 10,775.00 AICRN - PC 2017-18 B.E. Rev. Estimate Expenditure Grant-in-Salaries 61.40 220.00 220.00 Grant-in-General 16.00 16.00 16.00 T S P 9. 0 0 9. 0 0 9. 0 0 NEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 86.40 245.00 245.00 CRP on AB 2017-18 B. E. Rev. Estimate Expenditure Grant-in-Capital 0.00 9.85 9.68 Grant-in-General 200.00 190.15 190.12 Total 200.00 200.00 199.80
INTRODUCTION 13 DIVISION OF PLANT EXPLORATION AND GERMPLASM COLLECTION 1 Summary: In 2017, a total of 28 explorations were undertaken across the country, wherein 2,104 accessions of various agri-horticultural crops, wild relatives of crops and other economic plants were collected from 22 states. Of these, 786 accessions were collected by NBPGR Headquarters, New Delhi through 12 explorations from parts of Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and West Bengal. A total of 504 herbarium specimens (including 54 unrepresented taxa), 25 seed samples and economic products were processed and added to the National Herbarium of Cultivated Plants (NHCP), New Delhi.
1.1 Plant exploration and germplasm vegetables, cereals, M&AP, spices and condiments, collection pulses, millets, fruits, fibres, oilseeds and pseudo- cereals (Fig. 1.1). Main emphasis was given on In the year 2017, a total of 28 explorations (involving collecting germplasm from various diversity-rich, 16 collaborators) were undertaken and 2,104 remote/ tribal inhabited and disturbed areas, namely accessions of different agri-horticultural crops Sukma (Chhattisgarh), Gadchiroli (Maharashtra), comprising 1,515 accessions of cultivated and 589 of Kalahandi (Odisha), Nicobar island (A&N), Gurez wild species (28%) were collected from 22 states (124 valley (J&K), 24-Pargana, Sundarban (West Bengal), districts). The states include Andhra Pradesh, A&N Anjaw and Anini (Arunachal Pradesh), Kiphire Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, (Nagaland), Saiha and Lunglei (Mizoram) and Cachar Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & (Assam). A total of 1,317 collected accessions were Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, sent to Germplasm Handling Unit (GHU) for Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, conservation, while the remaining accessions are in Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand field for establishment at NAGS and multiplication. and West Bengal. These collections captured diversity Status of germplasm collected in explorations in 315 species; cultivated (176) and crop wild relatives conducted by NBPGR and its Regional Stations/Base (CWRs, 139; 44.13%) in various crop groups, viz., Centres are given below (Table 1.1 & 1.2).
Table 1.1: Explorations undertaken and germplasm collected in the year 2017. Headquarter/ Explorations Germplasm collected Station/Centre undertaken Cultivated Wild Total Akola 2 96 54 150 Cuttack 3 110 97 207 Hyderabad 1 135 15 150 New Delhi 12 662 124 786 Ranchi 1 79 6 85 Shillong 2 84 16 100 Shimla 1 15 63 78 Srinagar 1 54 77 131 Thrissur 5 280 137 417 Total 28 1515 589 2104
Table 1.2: Details of germplasm collected in different crop groups during the year 2017.
Crop group (Accs.) Crop/wild species (Accs.)
Cereals (329) Avena sativa (1), Coix lacryma-jobi (8), Elymus borianus (4), E. dahuricus (5), E. longearistatus (2), E. nutans (18), E. semicostatus (9), E. stewartii (5), Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum (1), H. vulgare (9), Oryza sativa (164), Triticum aestivum (8), Zea mays (95)
14 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Pseudo-cereals (56) Amaranthus blitum (9), A. caudatus (1), A. cruentus (2), A. hypochondriacus (7), A. hybridus (1), Chenopodium album (14), C. opulifolium (1), Fagopyrum tataricum (8), F. esculentum (13) Millets and minor Echinochloa colona (1), E. crus-galli (1), E. frumentacea (4), E. oryzoides (3), Eleusine coracana (47), millets (196) Panicum miliaceum (6), P. sumatrense (29), Paspalum scrobiculatum (6), Pennisetum alopecuroides (1), P. glaucum (17), Setaria italica (30), S. pumila (2), S. viridis (5), Sorghum bicolor (42), S. halepense (2) Pulses/legumes Cajanus cajan (16), C. cajanifolius (1), C. scarabaeoides (2), Cicer arietinum (1), C. microphyllum (235) (3), Lens culinaris (9), Macrotyloma uniflorum (30), Phaseolus lunatus (9), P. vulgaris (46), Vigna aconitifolia (5), V. adenantha (1), V. angularis (5), V. angularis var. nipponensis (3), V. mungo (26), V. pilosa (1), V. radiata (21), V. radiata var. sublobata (1), V. stipulacea (1), V. trilobata (3), V. trinervia (1), V. umbellata (18), V. unguiculata (28), V. unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (4) Oilseeds (140) Arachis hypogaea (1), Brassica rapa (3), B. rapa var. yellow sarson (4), B. juncea (8), B. nigra (8), B. rapa subsp. oleifera (2), Carthamus lanatus (1), C. tinctorius (63), Glycine max (17), Guizotia abyssinica (2), Helianthus annuus (1), Linum perenne (3), L. usitatissimum (2), Perilla frutescens (7), Ricinus communis (3), Sesamum alatum (3), S. indicum (10), S. malabaricum (1), S. mulayanum (1) Fibres and allied Corchorus capsularis (2), C. depressus (2), C. olitorius (24), C. pseudo-olitorius (2), C. trilocularis species (144) (9), C. aestuans (9), C. fascicularis (6), C. tridens (1), Crotalaria juncea (3), C. pallida (1), Crotalaria sp. (1), Gossypium barbadense (1), G. barbadense var. brasiliensis (8), G. hirsutum (32), Hibiscus cannabinus (11), H. panduriformis (1), H. sabdariffa (26), Sesbania aculeata (1), S. cannabina (2), S. grandiflora (1), S. javanica (1) Fruits and nuts (167) Aegle marmelos (2), Artocarpus chaplasha (1), A. gomezianus (1), Bouea oppositifolia (1), Buchanania lanzan (26), Citrus limonia (1), C. medica (3), Crataegus pseudoheterophylla (3), Crataegus songarica (2), Diospyros melanoxylon (1), Euryale ferox (72), Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica (2), Ficus variegata (1), Holboellia latifolia (1), Limonia acidissima (1), Malus baccata (3), Mangifera andamanica (1), M. sylvatica (1), Manilkara hexandra (3), Mimusops elengi (1), Morinda citrifolia (1), Musa acuminata (1), M. puspanjaliae (1), Myrica esculenta (11), Pandanus leram (1), Prunus armeniaca (9), P. cornuta (1), Pyracantha crenulata (1), Rubus ellipticus (10), R. lineatus (1), R. paniculatus (1), R. reticulatus (1), R. ulmifolius (1) Vegetables (585) Abelmoschus esculentus (15), A. angulosus var. purpureus (1), A. caillei (1), A. crinitus (1), A. manihot var. pungens (4), A. manihot ssp. tetraphyllus var. tetraphyllus (4), A. moschatus (4), A. palianus (1), A. ficulneus (14), A. tuberculatus (6), Allium carolinianum (3), A. cepa (1), A. chinense (3), A. consanguineum (1), A. hookeri (2), A. stracheyi (2), A. tuberosum (1), Alocasia decipiens (1), Amaranthus dubius (3), A. graecizans subsp. silvestris (1), A. mangostanus (6), A. retroflexus (4), A. spinosus (1), A. tricolor (66), Amorphophallus campanulatus (1), A. hirsutus (1), Atriplex hortensis (2), Benincasa hispida (6), Brassica juncea var. rugosa (9), Canavalia ensiformis (3), Capsicum annuum (26), C. frutescens (14), Celosia argentea (1), Coccinia grandis (3), Colocasia esculenta (1), Cucumis callosus (8), C. sativus var. hardwickii (30), C. maderaspatanus (3), C. melo (4), C. melo var. agrestis (38), C. melo var. conomon (12), C. melo var. flexuosus (2), C. melo var. momordica (1), C. prophetarum (2), C. sativus (6), C. sativus var. sikkimensis (1), Cucurbita moschata (6), C. pepo (6), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (2), Cyclanthera pedata (3), Cyphomandra betacea (1), Dioscorea alata (2), D. bulbifera (2), D. glabra (1), D. wallichii (1), D. serpenticola (1), Diplazium esculentum (1), Flemingia vestita (27), Lablab purpureus (14), Lactuca serriola (1), Lagenaria siceraria (17), Luffa acutangula (14), L. cylindrica (3), Momordica balsamina (1), M. charantia (9), M. charantia var. muricata (5), Moringa oleifera (58), Mucuna pruriens var. utilis (1), Pisum arvense (5), P. sativum (3), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (1), Solanum aethiopicum (4), S. anguivi (1), S. incanum (9), S. indicum (1), S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (2), S. melongena (11), S. sisymbriifolium (1), S. spirale (1), Solanum sp. (1), S. tuberosum (1), S. viarum (12), S. violaceum (5), S. villosum (2), S. xanthocarpum (9), Spinacia oleracea (1), Trichosanthes anguina (6), T. bracteata (3), T. cucumerina (1), T. lepiniana (3), T. wallichiana (2), Trichosanthes sp. (2), Xanthosoma sagittifolium (2) Medicinal and Aconitum violaceum var. robustum (1), Acorus calamus (1), Aloe vera (17), Andrographis echioides aromatic plants, (1), A. paniculata (6), Anethum graveolens (3), Angelica glauca (1), Aristolochia tagala (1), Asparagus spices and racemosus (1), Bacopa monnieri (1), Bunium cylindricum (5), B. persicum (12), Cardiocrinum giganteum condiments (224) (1), Cassia alata (1), Cassia angustifolia (1), C. obtusifolia (1), C. occidentalis (1), C. tora (1), Chlorophytum borivilianum (1), Citrullus colocynthis (1), Clitoria ternatea (3), Coleus forskohlii (3), Coriandrum sativum (1), Costus speciosus (3), Curculigo orchioides (1), Curcuma amada (1), C. angustifolia (10), C. caesia (4), C. longa (33), C. mangga (4), C. pseudomontana (1), Cymbopogon
DIVISION OF PLANT EXPLORATION AND GERMPLASM COLLECTION 15 flexuosus (1), Cymbopogon martinii (2), Desmodium gangeticum (1), Enicostemma axillare (2), Eryngium foetidum (1), Foeniculum vulgare (1), Gloriosa superba (1), Gymnema sylvestre (3), Hedychium coronarium (1) , Hemidesmus indicus (2), Hyoscyamus niger (1), Indigofera tinctoria (1), Knema andamanica subsp. nicobarica (1), Lawsonia inermis (1), Lepidium sativum (1), Malva verticillata (2), Mucuna pruriens (4), Ocimum americanum (2), O. basilicum (6), O. gratissimum (3), O. kilimandscharicum (2), O. tenuiflorum (8), Oroxylum indicum (1), Piper miniatum (1), P. sarmentosum (1), Saussurea costus (1), Solanum nigrum (4), S. torvum (3), S. trilobatum (3), Sterculia parviflora (1), Tinospora sinensis (1), Withania somnifera (8), Zanthoxylum rhetsa (1), Zingiber ligulatum (2), Z. montanum (2), Z. nimmonii (2), Z. officinale (24) Forages (17) Chrysopogon aciculatus (1), Cichorium intybus (1), Lolium multiflorum (2), Lolium perenne (2), Medicago falcata (10), Medicago sativa (1) Other economic Calapogonium mucunoides (1), Colubrina asiatica (1), Elaeocarpus macrocerus (1), Macaranga species (11) nicobarica (1), Nicotiana tabacum (3), Ternstroemia wallichiana (1), Saccharum officinarum (2), S. spontaneum (1)
Fig. 1.1: Germplasm accessions collected across different crop-groups and its CWRs in 2017.
1.2 Explorations undertaken and germplasm (1), Mucuna pruriens var. pruriens (4) and M. pruriens collected by NBPGR, Headquarters var. utilis (1) were collected from Narayanpur, Bastar, Dantewada and Sukma districts of Chhattisgarh. Twelve explorations were undertaken in parts of Considerable variability in seed shape, size and colour Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, was observed mainly in lima bean (Fig. 1.2A). Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Significant variability in other crops such as cowpea, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and West Bengal. A sem bean and pigeonpea were also collected. These total of 786 accessions of different agri-horticultural districts are dominated by tribes and these legumes crops were collected (Table 1.3). namely horsegram, mungbean, urdbean, limabean, 1.2.1 Agricultural crops yard longbean, pigeonpea, ricebean are main source A. Trait-specific germplasm collected of their income through sale in the local markets (Haats). Among the wild relatives of pulses, Cajanus Pulses: A total of 72 accessions in cultivated cajanifolius, a close endemic relative of pigeonpea species comprising horsegram (11), urdbean (11), was occurring naturally with sparse population in dense pigeonpea (9), cowpea (9), limabean (9), ricebean and open forest areas of Bailladila Range, Dantewada (4), sem bean (4), yard long bean (3), mungbean (3), district (Fig. 1.2B). Cajanus scarabaeoides and Mucuna velvet bean (1) and wild legumes namely, Cajanus pruriens var. pruriens observed in natural / disturbed cajanifolius (1), C. scarabaeoides (1), Vigna stipulacea and partially disturbed forest area in all the districts;
16 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Table 1.3: Explorations undertaken by the NBPGR, Headquarters. Diversity collected (state and period) No. of accessions Collaborator(s) Cultivated Wild Total Explorations conducted Pulses (Chhattisgarh) 65 7 72 NBPGR; KVK, Dantewada & Narayanpur Tropical underutilized fruits (Maharashtra, 6 28 34 NBPGR; KVK, Gondia, Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh) Temperate minor fruits, Brassica spp. & Lentil 30 21 51 NBPGR; ICAR-CITH, Mukteswar (Uttarakhand) Pearlmillet, Vigna spp. (Rajasthan) 16 3 19 NBPGR Leafy amaranth (West Bengal) 75 19 94 ICAR-IIVR Varanasi; UBKV, RRS, Dinajpur Pulses, maize and CWR (Nagaland) 74 6 80 NBPGR; KVK, Phek, Nagaland Multi-crop and CWR (Arunachal Pradesh) 111 29 140 NBPGR Makhana (Euryale ferox), (Bihar) 72 72 NBPGR; BAU, Purnia Sorghum, urdbean, mungbean and 50 1 51 NBPGR; NAU, Navasari minor millets (Gujarat) Multi-crop and CWR (Mizoram) 36 7 43 ICAR-RC-NEH Centre, Kolasib Pulses, maize and buckwheat (Sikkim) 108 3 111 NBPGR; KVK, Gyalsing Explorations under NICRA project Rice from saline areas (Gujarat) 19 - 19 NBPGR; GAU, Anand while Vigna stipulacea was found in partially disturbed (white, dark brown and black); greengram (black, area mainly in moist locality around field border in green and dark green) and mothbean. Narayanpur district.
Fig. 1.2: Germplasm variability collected. A: Grain Fig. 1.3: A: Seed variability in sorghum from Gujarat; variability in limabean; B: Cajanus cajanifolius (top row) B: Rice cultivation in saline soil in Gujarat. and C. scarabaeoides (bottom row) from Bastar region. Sorghum: A total of 51 germplasm samples Rice: A total of 19 accessions of rice (Oryza sativa) comprising of Sorghum bicolor (21), Vigna radiata (11), were collected from salt tolerant areas of Anand, V. aconitifolia (5), Eleusine coracana (3), Zea mays Bharuch, Panchmahal, Mahisagar and Ahmedabad (3) and others including wild species (8) were collected districts in collaboration of Anand Agricultural from parts of Bharuch, Chhota Udaipur, Surat, Tapi University, Gujarat (Fig. 1.3B). These include landraces- and Vadodara districts of Gujarat (Fig. 1.3A). Important Kharvi, Khushbu Kharvi, Krishna Kmood, Kali Kmood, sorghum collections were Dadar goti, Nizar goti, Mani Nathpauha, Parvati, Pynul, Nani Vari, Desi dangar and jawar, Desi jawar and Lal jawar. Variability in grain Desi Dhan. Variability in seed size and kernel colour shape, size and colour was observed. Sorghum is was recorded. High yielding and improved varieties primarily grown for grain purpose. Variability was also have replaced most of the traditional landraces (salt observed in other crops viz. rice; maize; fingermillet tolerant) in areas other than coastal regions and tribal belts. DIVISION OF PLANT EXPLORATION AND GERMPLASM COLLECTION 17 Fig. 1.4: Collections from Rajasthan. A: Cyamopsis tetragonoloba; B: Pearlmillet ‘Jakhrana’ landrace in farmers’ field in Alwar. Multi-crop: A total of 19 accessions comprising (Fig. 1.5). Important landraces collected were Shiko, Oryza sativa (3), Zea mays (1), Cajanus cajan (1), Anao Khalati, Akimu-Khulat, Ashiphu, Cheshi Vigna radiata (1), Citrullus colocynthis (1), Cucumis Mathsema, Pera Mantsemuha, Ashapo, Tsong-tsa, melo var. agrestis (1), C. m. var. flexuosus (2), C. m. Ashapo Tsong-tsa, Asi Sungsa, Azu Sungsa, Majanta var. momordica (1), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (2), in maize (11); Melute, Nokrak, Anehmbo, Tshock no. Pennisetum glaucum (4), Sesamum indicum (1), S. one, Tshock no. two, Tshock no. four, Musu, Asha and mulayanum (1) were collected from Dungarpur, Sirohi Mutsuhsih in rice (9). Variability was observed in maize and Alwar districts of Rajasthan (Fig. 1.4A). A unique for cob size and shape, number of seed rows/cob, landrace named Jakhrana bajra of Pennisetum glaucum, seed shape and colour; a high yielding promising having >75 cm head was collected from Alwar district landrace (Akimiu-Khalaki) having 50 seeds in 16 rows (Fig. 1.4B). Variation in maturity of pearlmillet due to of cob was collected. In rice, variability was recorded climate change (delayed rains) in Rajasthan was for seed shape; size; husk and pericarp colour; observed. awnness; aroma and stickiness (on cooking). Foxtail millet landraces Akuka, Sii, Asuna and Tantsa, with B. Region specific/multi-species collection variability in panicle shape and size, spikelet length Nagaland: Eighty germplasm samples namely rice and compactness, presence/absence of bristles, (9), maize (11), Phaseolus vulgaris (8), Coix lacryma- stickiness (on cooking) and grain size were collected. jobi (4), Cucurbita moschata (3), Chenopodium album Some notable collections made were a popping type (3), Setaria italica (6) Glycine max (4), Trichosanthes sorghum landrace Aloto Nyngue; ricebean-Naga Dal, lepiniana (2) Capsicum annuum (2), Lagenaria siceraria consumed as pod vegetable, pulse, seed salad and (2), Saccharum officinarum (2) Perilla frutescens (2), roasted seed (also sold in market) and landraces - Vigna umbellata (2) and others including wild species Hotrong and Shia-Sho; landraces of Glycine max (20) were collected from Kiphire district of Nagaland namely Ayikhu, Pongthri, Pongchu, consumed as pod
Fig. 1.5: Collections from Nagaland. A: Foxtail millet; B: Pulses; C: Round cucumber.
18 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Arunachal Pradesh: Unexplored and highly remote areas of Anini district were explored and 140 germplasm samples comprising rice (16), maize (15), Fagopyrum spp. (13), Vigna spp. (11), Eleusine coracana (10), Chenopodium album (7), Solanum spp. (7), Glycine max (6), Amaranthus spp. (6), Setaria italica (4), Allium spp. (4), Coix lacryma-jobi (3), Rubus spp. (3), Trichosanthes spp. (3), Capsicum spp. (3), Brassica juncea var. rugosa (3), Zingiber officinale (3) Phaseolus vulgaris (3) and others including wild species (20) were collected (Fig. 1.6). Important landraces collected in rice were Bira dhan, Kbatolo, Aamdhange, Aamkele, Kemboman, Kebra, Kemita Kebra, Kebo-soo, Kirusi, Mishinge, Meruk Fig. 1.6: A: Musa pushpanjaliae-a wild relative of banana; & Tarali. In addition, 130 herbarium specimens B: Holboellia latifolia (wild edible fruit) from Arunachal were also prepared. Pradesh. vegetable, pulse and as a fermented product called at Aizwal, Lunglei and Saiha, good diversity in local Axone (Akhuni); perilla with Kuna and Zevin landraces, leafy vegetables/condiments/spices was observed. consumed as garnishing and chutney; Likhu landrace Notable collections included a paddy landrace brought of Ricinus communis,cultivated for rearing silkworm from Myanmar, reported to be tolerant to diseases (Samia cynthia); round-shaped cultivar of cucumber and pests, which was collected from Jhumland. (Cucumis sativus var. sikkimensis; Fig. 1.5C); local Sikkim: Germplasm (108 acc.) belonging to 39 taxa cultivars of groundnut; small sized potato; and were collected from West and South districts of Sikkim. sugarcane (sweet and soft, red and green). It was These include Phaseolus vulgaris (21), Vigna spp. (18), observed that job’s tear cultivation is declining in the Oryza sativa (12), Eleusine coracana (7), Brassica surveyed area. spp.(6), Zea mays (5), Fagopyrum spp. (4), Cucurbita Mizoram: A total of 43 germplasm samples belonging moschata (3; Fig. 1.8A), Cyclanthera pedata (3), to Oryza sativa (12), Capsicum annuum (7), Cucumis Glycine max (3), Macrotyloma uniflorum (3), Lablab sativus (4), Zea mays (3), Solanum aethiopicum (3), purpureus (3) and others including wild species (20). Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (3), Hibiscus French-bean local landraces (17) collected include subdariffa (2), Trichosanthes spp.(3) and others Dam Thang, Jwala Rajma, Pothey Bori, Pother Bori, including wild species (6) were collected from Lunglei Singtami Bori, Hare Bori, Hade Simmi, Kali Simmi, and Saiha districts of Mizoram (Fig. 1.7). Variability was Rajma, Badavere Semi, Ratto Simmi, Hulure Simmi, observed for size, shape and colour in fruits and grains; Kalo Simmi, Seto Simmi, Pangre Sebe, Ghui Simmi, sticky and non-sticky types in paddy; fruit arrangement and Ghuw Semi with variability in seed colour and (upright and downward) and pungency (high, medium size. In ricebean, red seeded type Rato masyam dal, and low) in chillies. Notable collections include a yellow black mottled Kalo masyam dal and brown coloured fleshed cucumber (carotene rich) from Niathlang Seto masyam dal were notable collections. In rice, (bordering to Myanmar); a rare sample of Solanum variability was observed for plant height, seed husk aethiopicum (fruit looks like brinjal) grown in kitchen colour, grain shape/size/colour, awnness and aroma garden near Lawngtalai. Rich diversity in crops were in local landraces (11) viz., Bage Tulsi, Kalo Nunia, found in a remote village- Zohnuai in Lunglei and Rambhog, Sikre Maasi, Attey, Phavde, Chota samples of popcorn ‘Puakzo’ (black and maroon Baasmati Dhan, Kanchi Dhan, Dorakhe, Khemti and coloured), paddy (black and golden yellow grained), Marshi Dhan. In maize, variability was observed for chillies (small and bold sized fruits) and cucumber were cob size and shape, seeds/row and rows/cob, seed collected. Occurrence of Vigna angularis var. colour and shape in local landraces viz., Paheli, Seti, nipponensis (a close relative of adzuki bean) on moist Rato and Murali, Makai. In fingermillet, variability with as well as dry terrain was observed. In local markets respect to finger/spikelet length and compactness,
DIVISION OF PLANT EXPLORATION AND GERMPLASM COLLECTION 19 Fig. 1.7: Collections from Mizoram. A: Solanum aethiopicum; B: Chilli variability; C: Vigna angularis var. nipponensis – a close relative of adzuki bean found in dry habitat. 1.2.2 Horticultural crops Tropical underutilized fruits: A total of 34 germplasm belonging to Buchanania lanzan ‘chironji’ (26), and others (8) were collected from difficult and remote localities of Balaghat (Madhya Pradesh), Gondia and Gadchiroli districts (Maharashtra). Variability was observed for fruit size in chironji, bael and drumstick; (heavy and sparse pod bearing in drumstick). Data for TSS, pH values of fruit pulp; edible fruit (Fig. 1.9A) and seed diameter of chironji were recorded. Almond-flavoured seeds of chironji are Fig. 1.8: Collections from Sikkim. A: Big sized pumpkin eaten raw or roasted or used in various confectionary fruit; B: Highly pungent chilli (small oval shaped fruits). items. It is also grown for commercial use at field boundaries in Gondia district. In addition, indigenous grain size and colour, presence/absence of bristles knowledge on local uses and seed extraction method was observed in landraces (7) including Kartik kodo, of chironji was also recorded from tribal communities Dilley kodo and Kodo. In urd bean landrace “Paheli”, (Gonds) of the region. variability was observed for seed colour and shape. Adzuki bean has become rare in the surveyed area. Among buckwheat, F. esculentum “Meethe Phapar” was occasionally seen under cultivation while, F. tataricum “Teethe phapar” has become rare because of low preference. Notable collections include sorghum with tall and popping type and ‘Kalo bhatmas’ (black seeded with high yield) and Pahelo bhatmas (brown seeded) in soybean. In Capsicum frutescens “Dalle khorsani” (small oval shaped, highly pungent fruits; Fig. Fig. 1.9: Under-utilized minor fruits. A: Chironji from 1.8B) a high priced chilli, variability for fruit colour, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra; B: May-berry from position, shape and size were collected. In Brassica Uttarakhand. juncea var. rugosa “Rai sag/layo patha” a very Temperate minor fruits: Fifty-one accessions common leafy vegetable in kitchen gardens in Sikkim comprising Myrica esculenta (11), and Rubus ellipticus was collected with four distinct morphological forms (10); and other crops Lens culinaris (9), Brassica spp. (green leaf; purple leaf, purple striped on purple leaf (21), were collected from parts of Chamoli, and dissected leaf type). In pumpkin, variability was Rudraprayag, Bageshwar, Almora, and Nainital observed for fruit size, shape and colour. districts of Uttarakhand. Myrica esculenta (May-berry; Fig. 1.9B) and Rubus ellipticus (yellow Himalayan
20 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 1.10: A and B: Local cultivars of Amaranthus tricolor in Malda & Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal; C: Collecting Makhana germplasm from ponds in Bihar. raspberry) are the potential minor fruits of Uttarakhand. thurni or notiya, is occasionally found along roadsides Germplasm of Myrica esculenta, was collected from and as field weed. 1,500-2,000 m above msl. Its a tree of medium height Makhana: It is an important nut crop of aquatic (6 to 8 m) with its bark powder being traditionally used habitat (grown in pond water), but its potential is not for cardiac debility, cough, toothache and diarrhoea. fully tapped. A total of 72 germplasm of makhana Himalayan raspberry is a large shrub with stout stems (Euryale ferox) were collected (Fig. 1.10C) in that grow up to 4.5 m. Its fruits are used for treatment collaboration with BPS Agricultural College, BAU, of fever, cough and sore throat. Besides these, Purnea, from parts of Katihar, Madhepura, Kishanganj germplasm of Brassica spp. (21) was also collected and Araria districts of Bihar, which falls in sub- with good variability in siliqua size and seed montane alluvial tract of the Gangetic Plain. Good characters. variability was observed and collected, for seed size Leafy amaranth: A total of 94 accessions comprising (small and large) and colour. The farmers/ villagers Amaranthus tricolor (60), A. mangostanus (6), A. blitum store the makhana seed in gunny bags and submerge (5) and others (23) were collected from parts of Malda, in water bodies like ponds, canal, low lying areas etc. Dakshin and Uttar Dinajpur districts of West Bengal. 1.3 On-farm crop diversity survey and Good variability in A. tricolor (Fig. 1.10A and B) for plant conservation height, stem girth and succulence, branching pattern (nil/ from base or middle of stem), pigmentation in Information was gathered from 140 farmers (~20% from stem/leaves/leaf-veins, leaf size, shape and apex each village) residing across 18 villages comprising (acute, emarginate, retuse) were observed and Dehradun, Uttarkashi and Tehri regions using a collected. Some types are exclusively grown for stem, questionnaire to obtain baseline information (village to use as vegetable. A. mangostanus, a wild short demography, farmers' status, cropping systems, crop statured type close to A. tricolor but branching rotations, status of landraces, erosion of crops/ profusely at base, was commonly found in Malda and landraces, uses of fertilizers/chemicals, seed & seed Dakshin Dinajpur districts; its tender shoots are clipped storage systems, use of local crop landraces and wild for vegetable use. A. blitum, locally known as khuriya, & medicinal plants in their day to day life; Fig. 1.11).
Fig. 1.11: On-farm diversity assessment and conservation. A: Questionnaire for assessment; B: Field survey for conservation; C: Collecting Cornus capitata (a potential wild fruit).
DIVISION OF PLANT EXPLORATION AND GERMPLASM COLLECTION 21 Seeds of identified and promising crop landraces Prosopis collected during explorations in Arunachal (Chwari dhan, Chakrata rajama, Panchgoan Valley Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu rajama, Local Phafar, Kala bhatt, Cheena, Foxtail- and Uttar Pradesh were added. Herbarium specimens millet) were procured and distributed to selected of Abelmoschus angulosus var. mahendragiriensis, farmers for on-farm conservation where these Cajanus, Momordica, Andrographis, Scoparia, landraces have eroded. Solanum, Tribulus (Thrissur and Cuttack); experimental 1.4 National Herbarium of Cultivated Plants vouchers (59) mainly of Ocimum, Luffa, Hibiscus, Picrorrhiza, Urena, Crotalaria and Corchorus were A total of 504 herbarium specimens, 25 seed samples added. Seeds of Luffa hermaphrodita, Musa and economic products were added to the National acuminata, Calopogonium mucunoides and Herbarium of Cultivated Plants (NHCP) during 2017; Echinochloa frumentacea from Andaman & Nicobar making the total collection to 22,975 herbarium Islands, Darbhanga (Bihar), Uttar Pradesh and specimens (representative of 4,187 species belonging Uttarakhand were added. Fruits of Elaeocarpus, to 1,508 genera and 266 families), 3,088 seed Ceiba, Ternstroemia, Gnetum, Bouea and Aesculus samples and 694 economic products. During 2017, from Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Kerala and 54 taxa not represented earlier, were added as Meghalaya were added. Wood sample of specimens and digital images to the NHCP (Table 1.4). Pterocarpus santalinus, dried pods of Helicteres isora, A total of 1,034 specimens/ taxa belonging to crop bark of Cassia auriculata (Kerala), received from genepools were authenticated and digitized, including Regional Stations (122) were also added. Identification 54 taxa unrepresented in NHCP, resulting in a total of services (21) and authentication certificates (17) were 7,523 digitised images. Herbarium specimens (311) were provided to students/researchers’ material for of Amaranthus, Crotalaria, Hibiscus, Ipomoea, their experimental study. Moringa, Salvadora, Stylosanthes, Solanum, Piper and Table 1.4: New taxa added in NHCP during 2017. Family Taxon Locality W/C* Acanthaceae Justicia brandegeeana Waash. & L.B.M. Sm., J. New Delhi C ghiesbreghtiana Lem. (=Jacobinia ghiesbreghtiana (Lem.) Hemsl. Araceae Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott. Arunachal Pradesh C Asteraceae Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen Jharkhand C Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray Tripura W Convolvulaceae Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. Tamil Nadu W Cucurbitaceae Neoalsomitra clavigera (Wall.) Hutch., Schizopepon bicirr Arunachal Pradesh W hosus (C. B. Clarke)C. Jeffrey, Thladiantha hookeri C. B. Clarke, Trichosanthes truncata C. B. Clarke, T. wallichiana (Ser.) Wight T. dunniana H. Lev., T. pilosa Lour. (=T. dicoelosperma C. B. Clarke), T. smilacifolia C.Y.Wu ex C. H. Yueh & C. Y. Cheng Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea belophylla Voigt ex Haines, D. pubera Bl. Odisha W Dioscorea hamiltonii Hook .f. Arunachal Pradesh C Euphorbiaceae Suregada multiflora (S. Juss.) Baill. Odisha W Fabaceae Desmanthus virgatus Willd., Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub., Tamil Nadu C S. scabra Vogel Rhynchosia nummularia DC. Tamil Nadu W Hamamelidaceae Exbucklandia populnea (R. Br. ex Griff.) R. W. Brown Arunachal Pradesh W Lamiaceae Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br. ex Sims, Basilicum Tamil Nadu W polystachyon (L.) Moench Lythraceae Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth. Uttarakhand C Malvaceae Abelmoschus mizonagensis sp nova. Nagaland W Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern. Jharkhand C
22 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Pachira glabra Pasq. New Delhi C Urena sinuata L. Kerala W Mimosaceae Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boivin Tamil Nadu C Moraceae Maclura cochichinensis (Lour.) Covner Arunachal Pradesh W Olacaceae Olax scandens Roxb. Odisha W Poaceae Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng Arunachal Pradesh W Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.) Stapf. Rajasthan W Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. Arunachal Pradesh W Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton Tamil Nadu W Setaria helvola (L. f.) Roem. & Schult., Setaria plicata (Lam.) Jharkhand W Polygonaceae Fagopyrum gracilipes (Hemsl.) Dammer ex Diels, Rosa Arunachal Pradesh W longicuspis Bertol. Rosaceae Chaenomeles cathayensis (Hemsl.) C. K. Schneid Arunachal Pradesh C Rubiaceae Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Merr., Gardenia gummifera L.f. Odisha W Rutaceae Zanthoxylum ovalifolium Wight Arunachal Pradesh C Solanaceae Physalis philadelphica Lam. Jharkhand C Solanum exarmatum Anil, Maya, Soumya & Murugan Kerala W Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) D. M. Spooner, Odisha W G. J. Anderson & R. K. Jansen Solanum macrocarpum Koidz Tripura W Sterculiaceae Sterculia parviflora Roxb. A & N Islands C Tiliaceae Corchorus pseudo-olitorius Islam & Zaid, C. urticifolius Tamil Nadu W Wight & Arn. Violaceae Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. V. Muell. Odisha W
*Wild (W)/Cultivated (C)
1.5 Biosystematic studies Saubhik Das; and A. mangostanus with A. bengalensis Saubhik Das & Iamonico. Biosystematic studies were undertaken in natural conditions during explorations in Andaman & Nicobar Luffa: Experimental study undertaken using 48 Islands, Jammu & Kashmir, West Bengal and Arunachal accessions (all 5 taxa) revealed that 18 out of 44 Pradesh; herbarium studies were made at Botanical characters were of taxonomic value viz. leaf Survey of India (PBL, Port Blair; MH, Coimbatore) and pubescence, stem angularity, probract shape, sex PCM, Chennai for Amaranthus (100 specimens); form, flower bud shape, flower colour, time of flower experimental studies (46 accessions in pots) including opening, calyx and petal colour, stamen shape (anther micro-morphological observations were standardized thecae), stigma length (vs stamen), fruit surface, fruit in leafy amaranth; and molecular systematics works distal tip, flesh colour and texture, seed shape, colour in Allium. and surface. Some linked characters identified are: fruit ridges and seed surface (in L. acutangula); fibre Amaranthus: Amaranthus tricolor var. tristis (branching netting pattern in wild vs cultivated taxa; and fruit shape above middle) differs from var. tricolor (branching from and seed orientation. At infra-specific level, leaf shape, base of stem) in branching habit. Besides, var. tristis is flower opening time, flower colour, stamen shape and different from the typical variety by stem colour fruit/seed surface were found to be important for (yellowish-green), petiole as long as lamina, leaves classification. ovate with subcordate to obtuse base. A. mangostanus, presently subsumed under A. tricolor, Allium: Field identification key was developed for deserves a distinct identity at infra-specific level due Indian alliums for sect. Cepa and Bromatorrhiza. to semi-perennial, decumbent-ascending habit, Distinctness between Allium tuberosum (indigenous) rooting at nodes, and small rhombic-ovate leaves. and A. ramosum (exotic) was oberserved on the basis Type specimen analyses revealed no distinction for of ITS sequence. collected A. tricolor var. tricolor with A. parganensis
DIVISION OF PLANT EXPLORATION AND GERMPLASM COLLECTION 23 1.6 Diversity mapping in different agri- (Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Jalpaiguri and Alipurdwar). horticultural crops Finger millet: Geo-referencing and mapping of 12,451 Foxtail millet: Geo-referencing and mapping of 5,891 accessions of finger millet collected from various parts accessions of foxtail millet collected from various parts of the country was done (Fig. 1.12B). Mapping of of the country was done (Fig. 1.12A). Mapping of assembled diversity has shown that Uttarakhand assembled diversity has shown that Tamil Nadu (681) (1,073), followed by Andhra Pradesh (842) and followed by Andhra Pradesh (673) and Karnataka (352) Himachal Pradesh (465) were extensively explored were extensively explored states. Gaps identified for states. Gaps identified for future collection includes, future collection include Arunachal Pradesh (Lower Arunachal Pradesh (Anjaw and Changlang); Nagaland Dibang valley and Upper Dibang valley); Nagaland (Phek and Kiphire); Manipur (Tamenglong, Senapati (Phek); Manipur (Tamenglong and Senapati); Sikkim and Ukhrul); Sikkim (South); Chhattisgarh (Balrampur, (South, West and North); Chhattisgarh (Balrampur, Jashpur and Surajpur); Jharkhand (Latehar and Jashpur, Surajpur and Surguja); Jharkhand (Palamu, Simdega) and West Bengal (Kalimpong, Jalpaiguri and Latehar, Gumla and Simdega); Gujarat (Dang, Chhota Alipurdwar). In addition, passport data of tomato Udaipur, Narmada and Tapi); Uttarakhand (Pauri, germplasm (1,415) was screened and geo-referenced Rudraprayag, Tehri and Uttarkashi) and West Bengal for mapping.
Fig. 1.12: Germplasm collection sites. A: Foxtail millet; B: Finger millet.
Research Programme (Programme Code: Title, Leader) PGR/PGC-BUR-01.00: Exploration for collection of germplasm of agri-horticultural crops, maintenance of herbarium and biosystematic and ethno-botanical studies (SP AhlawatAhlawat) Research Projects (Project Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates) PGR/PGC-BUR-DEL-01.01: Exploration for collection of genetic resources of agricultural crops and their wild relatives (SP Ahlawatat, KC Bhatt, DP Semwal, Soyimchiten, PK Malav and NS Panwar) PGR/PGC-BUR-DEL-01.02: Exploration for collection of genetic resources of horticultural crop species and their wild relatives (KC BhattBhatt, SK Malik (till 31st July 2017), K Pradheep, DP Semwal, S Nivedhitha and Soyimchiten) PGR/PGC-BUR-DEL-01.03: National Herbarium of Cultivated Plants (NHCP), establishment, maintenance, build-up and taxonomic studies on crop plants (Anjula Pandey, K Pradheep, S Nivedhitha and Rita Gupta) PGR/PGC-BUR-DEL-01.04: Systematic studies of native crop taxa (K Pradheepadheep, Anjula Pandey, KC Bhatt, S Nivedhitha and Rita Gupta). PGR/PGC-BUR-DEL-01.05: Geo-informatics for assessment of diversity distribution in agri-horticultural crops (DP Semwalal, KC Bhatt, Anjula Pandey, N Sivaraj, Soyimchiten, PK Malav and NS Panwar) PGR/PGC-BUR-DEL-01.06: Survey, collection and assessment of in-situ on-farm crop diversity in the Indian Himalayan Region (RS Rathiathi, KC Bhatt, SK Malik (till 31st July 2017), DP Semwal, PK Malav, NS Panwar, PS Mehta)
24 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 GERMPLASM EXCHANGE UNIT 2 Summary: During the period under report 52,885 accessions (1,79,478 samples) were imported which included 35,046 accessions (35,904 samples) of germplasm and 17,839 entries (1,43,574 samples) of CGIAR nurseries for trials. 11,949 samples of different crops were supplied to national users for utilization in various crop improvement programmes based on requests received from research workers under Material Transfer Agreement (MTA). In addition, 56,237 samples were supplied for regeneration/ multiplication/ morphological characterization/ preliminary evaluation/ taxonomic identification/ DNA fingerprinting/ viability testing.
427-Israel, 31-Japan, 3,623-Philippines, 168-USA, 2.1 Import of plant genetic resources 62-Vietnam); Tripsacum dactyloides (2-USA); Triticum Germplasm exchange unit facilitate the introduction aestivum (500-Australia, 1-Canada, 1-France, 196- of germplasm from various countries as per the Germany, 806-Mexico, 25-South Africa, 434-UK, 54- requirements of researchers working in ICAR research USA); T. spelta (1-Poland); Zea luxurians (16-Thailand); institutes, State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), other Z. mays (35-Argentina, 346-Brazil, 45-Chile, 40- public and private sector organizations with R&D, and Egypt, 185-France, 2-Germany, 56-Indonesia, 17-Italy, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) including 27-Kenya, 98-Mali, 315-Mexico, 2-Pakistan, 5242- farmers. Plant genetic resources import/ introduction Philippines, 578-South Africa, 4,316-Thailand, 8- comprises two parts viz., request for material through Ukraine, 1,802-USA and 162-Zimbabwe). the scientists / researchers / farmers from India; as Millets: Eleusine coracana (51-Kenya); Panicum well as collaborators involved in international trials antidotale (25), P. coloratum (9), P. virgatum (8) all from being conducted in India. Introductions of seed/ USA; Pennisetum glaucum (864-Niger); P. pedicellatum planting material made during the year are provided (1), P. purpureum (1), P. squamulata (2) all from USA; in table 2.1. Sorghum bicolor (250-Argentina, 20-Australia, 3- Egypt, 31-Japan, 539-Mali, 906-Niger and 254- Table 2.1: Details of introduction made during the year USA). 2017. Grain legumes: Cajanus cajan (5-Niger); Cicer Germplasm accessions 35,046 accessions arietinum (201-Australia, 50-Ethiopia); Lens culinaris procured and processed (35,904 samples) (294-USA); Phaseolus coccineus (52), P. dumosus (45), CGIAR nurseries for trials 17,839 entries P. vulgaris (1400) all from Colombia; Pisum sativum (1,43,574 samples) (34-USA); Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (8-USA); Vigna mungo (8-Bangladesh); V. radiata (10- No. of countries involved 45 Bangladesh, 54-USA); Vigna sp. (51-Nigeria); V. trilobata (2-USA) and V. umbellata (208-Japan and No. of Import permits issued 695 22-USA). 2.1.1 Germplasm introduction: Germplasm Oilseeds: Achillea alpina (1), A. millefolium (6) both introduced from various countries across different crop from USA; Arachis hypogaea (277-Niger); Brassica groups (cereals, millets, grain legumes, oilseeds, juncea (31-Canada); B. napus (20-Belgium, 6-France); vegetables, fruits and ornamentals, fibres, forages, Glycine max (149-Taiwan); Helianthus annuus (10- tubers, spices, narcotics and bevereges, plantation Argentina, 378-France) and Ricinus communis (3- crops, potential crops, and others) are detailed here. China). List of trait-specific and transgenic materials introduced are provided in table 2.2 and 2.3, Vegetables: Abelmoschus caillei (3-Taiwan); A. respectively. crinitus (1-USA); A. esculentus (222-USA, 55-Taiwan); A. manihot (1-USA); Abelmoschus sp. (65-Taiwan); Cereals: Hordeum vulgare (62-Argentina, 28- Allium cepa (10-Kazakhstan); Basella alba (8-Taiwan); Australia, 135-Netherlands); Oryza glaberrima (17- Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (192-Kenya, 56-USA); USA); O. sativa (1-Belgium, 428-China, 106-France, B. oleracea var. capitata (98-Netherlands); B. rapa
GERMPLASM EXCHANGE UNIT 25 (7-Taiwan); Capsicum annuum (33-Guatemala, 4-Italy, spp. (12-Belgium, 21-Nigeria); Opuntia ficus-indica (1), 10-Korea, 478-Netherlands, 53-Taiwan, 3-Thailand, O. stricta (11) both from Italy and Sicana odorifera (4- 68-USA); C. annuum var. glabriusculum (1), C. USA). baccatum (1), C. chinense (3) all from USA; Citrullus Fibres and forages: Gossypium barbadense (2), lanatus (114-USA); Cucumis sativus (33-Taiwan, 81- G. hirsutum (151) and Gossypium sp. (10) all from USA. Thailand); C. sativus var. sativus (27) and C. maxima Forage crops: Cenchrus ciliaris (8), C. echinatus (1), (2) both from USA; Cucurbita moschata (10-Italy, 10- C. setigerus (2), Cenchrus sp. (4) all from USA; Thailand, 3-USA, 19-Vietnam); C. pepo (6-Egypt); Eucalyptus camaldulensis (59-Israel); Lolium Lagenaria siceraria (7-Italy, 186-USA); Luffa multiflorum (12-Czech Republic) and Medicago sativa acutangula (13-USA); Momordica charantia (32- (4-USA, 9-Uruguay). Japan, 333-Thailand); Moringa arborea (1), M. borziana (1), M. longituba (1), M. rivae (1), M. Tubers: Ipomoea batatas (8-Mozambique); Solanum ruspoliana (1) and M. stenopetala (1) all from Kenya; tuberosum (4-Canada, 12-USA) and Manihot M. drouhardii (1, USA); Solanum arcanum (3), S. esculenta (2-Switzerland). cheesmaniae (5), S. chilense (11), S. corneliomulleri (2), S. galapagense (4), S. habrochaites (7), S. Spices and plantation crops: Crocus sativus (1- huaylasense (1) all from USA; S. incanum (1-Tanzania); Netherlands); Planation crops: Hevea brasiliensis (4- S. lycopersicum (2-Brazil, 6-Guatemala, 31-Israel, 77- Ivory Coast, 1-Philippines, 2-Sri Lanka). Jordan, 467-Netherlands, 10-Spain, 61-Taiwan, 144- Narcotics & beverages: Coffea arabica (6-USA) UK, 260-USA, 25-Vietnam); S. melongena (49- and Theobroma cacao (17-UK). France, 8-Taiwan, 48-USA); S. neorickii (1), S. pennellii (4), S. pimpinellifolium (13) all from USA; S. Potential crops: Amaranthus dubius (4), Amaranthus peruvianum (1-Spain, 1-USA) and Spinacea oleracea sp. (7), A. tricolor (2) all from Taiwan and Camelina (4-Taiwan). sativa (10-USA). Fruits and ornamentals: Bidens sp. (2-USA); Citrus Others: Arabidopsis thaliana (6-Germany, 6-USA). sinensis (6), Citrus x paradisi (2) both from USA; Musa
Table 2.2: Trait specific seed/planting material imported in 2017. Crop/EC No./Country Specific Traits Distribution Paddy (The Philippines) EC916259-916242 High yielding lines ICAR-IIRR EC925737-926434 Wheat EC915108/USA Important source of increased amylose and starch content ICAR-NBPGR EC919308-309/USA Excellent grain quality resistance to Lr,Yr,Snb, genes for ICAR-NBPGR elevated protein, imported for heat stress tolerance studies EC930686/Poland Significant resistance to the most dangerous fungal ICAR-NBPGR pathogens combined with high grain quality (high protein content) EC920986/ Canada Accession with Lr60 novel resistance for development of ICAR-IARI leaf rust resistant cultivars EC933715-933915/ Australia Core set IIWBR, Karnal EC933916-933934/ Australia Yellow rust NIL lines IIWBR, Karnal Maize EC932500-932631/USA Inbreds with high/low oil and protein content ICAR-IARI EC926982-927047/ Mexico Traditional cultivars and landraces ICAR-IARI
26 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fingermillet (Kenya) EC915296-5299 High Fe content ICRISAT EC915337-5339 High Zn Content ICRISAT EC915340-5344 High Calcium content ICRISAT Frenchbean EC931101-2597/ Columbia Core collection ICAR-NBPGR, IIPR Pea EC927763-927779/USA Improved varieties –Little marvel, New era, New season, ICAR- IARI Sounder, Rondo, Alaska, Kulur, green Arrow,aspen, Lacy lady, Mars and others Cucumber EC904103-4077/Taiwan Short white and light green fruits SKUAST (J) Tomato EC926961-926974 / USA Monogenic tomato lines. Male sterile, resistant to Tierra Seeds powdery mildew, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato mosaic virus and drought tolerant EC904110- EC904117 / Semi-determinate line with resistance to tomato gray ICAR-NBPGR Taiwan leaf spot, Fusarium wilt (race 2), TMV and TYLCD and root-knot nematode resistance. Medium to large fruit size with oblong shape. Heat tolerant EC904109/ Peru Wild species (S. peruvianum) ICAR-IARI Cotton EC906581-89/USA New species Gossypium ekmaniaum PAU False Flax (Camelina sp.) EC906590-906599/ USA Elite wild lines DRDO-DIBER Grapes EC902172-902175/USA Seedless high yielding varieties Romulus, Challenger, NRC Grapes Einset and Vanessa Grapefruit EC930784/USA Very deep red fleshed, with red blush on fruit surface NRC Citrus Sweet Orange, Mandarin EC930778-930783 / USA Semi dwarf, early, unique pleasing flavour, very juicy NRC Citrus and high yielding, seedless, blood red flesh Cactus EC909025-26/Italy Spineless BAIF Yarrow (Achilea alpina) EC901801-908107/USA Improved ornamental variety ICAR-NBPGR Casabanana (Sicana odorifera) EC902359-902360/ Varieties Melocoton and Pavi- fruits brilliant flaming VPKAS, Almora USEC904234/ Guatemala red,bright orange flesh used in drinks, jellies and other EC904235/ Bolivia desserts; Huge vines are ornamental Amaranth EC900656-657/Taiwan Green and red leaf vegetable types ICAR-NBPGR, IIVR Rubber EC929513-929533/ Ivory Coast Promising clones of rubber RRII, Kottayam
GERMPLASM EXCHANGE UNIT 27 Table 2.3: Details of transgenic seed material imported during 2017.
Accession No./ Gene/event/trait Indenter Country
Arabidopsis EC925448-925451/ Germany ED Bs4CmGFP5 Estradiol- promoter carrying Bench Bio Private Limited, Bs4C-mGFP 5 transgene Valsad EC933215-933216/ Germany ED:Bs3m GFP5 Estradiol inducible promoter carrying -do- Bs3-mGFP5 gene
Cassava EC911691-911692/ Switzerland RNAi constructs (727, 786, 798) targeting Replicase ICAR- CTCRI, gene of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus Thiruvananthapuram
Cotton EC920278/USA Bt protein Unit of Monsanto Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore
Eucalyptus EC901447-901505/ Israel Ge lines construct#13, #69, #119 ITC, Bangalore
Rapeseed EC901386-901621/ Belgium Cp4Epsps,barstar, barnase, bar and pat genes M/s Bayer Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon
2.2 Export of plant genetic resources Germplasm was sent to Bangladesh, Bolivia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Philippines, Taiwan, Tanzania and UK. The seed and plant material of agri-horticultural crops were exported on the basis of requests received from Samples exported: 1062 scientists working in ICAR institutes including HQ / Cereals: Wheat (145) Kenya, (145) Ethiopia, (100) SAUs / other universities in India as per approved Bangladesh, (100) Bolivia, (63) UK; Paddy (2) international collaborative research projects. The plant Philippines. material intended for export were forwarded to foreign collaborators along with phytosanitary certificates Grain legumess: Mungbean (10) Taiwan. issued by ICAR-NBPGR and import permit (if any), with the approval from ICAR/DARE and signing of MTA/ Potential crops: Ricebean (100), Mothbean (99), SMTA as applicable. The details of export of seed/ Horsegram (100), Lablab bean (100) and cowpea (98) planting material under collaborative research projects all to Tanzania. during 2017 are listed herewith.
Fig. 2.1: Sorghum and paddy samples (100 each) were sent to SGSV for safety duplication.
28 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Additionally, sorghum (100) and rice (100) were coordinated projects, agricultural universities and other submitted as safety duplicates (Fig. 2.1) to Svalbard users in India. Based on specific requests received; Global Seed Vault (SGSV). Also, facilitated supply of 11,949 samples (Table 2.4) were supplied through the FAO designated accessions (12,004) of ICRISAT Material Transfer Agreement (MTA). The crop wise mandate crops to different countries and 33,001 samples and the recipient institutes are listed in table samples of CIMMYT Maize trials/nurseries through RS, 2.4. In addition, a total of 56,237 samples were Hyderabad. supplied for regeneration/ multiplication/ morphological characterization/ preliminary 2.3 National supply of plant genetic resources evaluation/ taxonomic identification/ DNA The seed and planting material of diverse agri- fingerprinting/ viability testing. horticultural crops were supplied to ICAR institutes/
Table 2.4: National supply of seed/planting material to recipients during 2017.
Crop group/crop No. of samples Recipient Institute Cereals Barley 39 IIWBR, Karnal; CSAUAT, Kanpur; ICAR-CAZRI, Ladakh; RSKV, Morena; AAU, Anand Maize 982 IIMR, Delhi; IIMR, Ludhiana; CCSHAU, Haryana; TSAU, Telangana; ACRI, Madurai; NIABSM, Raipur; ICAR-IARI; TNAU, Coimbatore; UAS, Dharwad; MPKV, Pune Rice 348 CAU Barapani; IARI, New Delhi; NRRI, Cuttack; AAU, Assam; CCSHAU, Kaul; SVBPUAT, Meerut; DU, Delhi; Amity University, Noida Wheat 2184 IIWBR, Karnal; UAS, Dharwad; SKUAST (J); AAU, Anand; CSKHPKV, Malan; NIABSM, Raipur; CAU, Jhansi; Central Univ., Haryana; UBKV, Cooch Behar; LPU, Phagwara; Eagle Seeds & Biotech, Indore; Ambrocia Seed Produce Company, Bhopal; BHU, Varanasi, RBPG College, Agra; ICAR-IARI Millets Fingermillet 15 GKVK, Bengaluru Italianmillet 2 Bhartisadan Univ., TN Grain legumes Adzuki bean 25 ICAR-NRCPB; ADACRI, Trichy; ICAR-CAZRI, Jodhpur Cowpea 126 IIT, Guwahati; UAS Dharwad Chickpea 528 SKUAST(J); NIPGR, Delhi; IIPR, Kanpur Frenchbean 192 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi; IIFSR, Meerut; Garhwal University, Uttarakhand; PAU, Ludhiana; TNAU, Coimbatore. Horsegram 446 DAV University, Jalandhar; UAS, Dharwad Lathyrus 100 BAU, Sabour Lentil 190 IIAB, Ranchi Mothbean 10 ADACRI, Trichy Mungbean 313 PAU, Ludhiana, TSU, Telangana; MCA, Pune; Bose Inst., Kolkata; UAS, Dharwad; TNAU, Thirupathisaram Pea 451 UAS, Dharwad; IIPR, Kanpur; SKUAST(K); NARP, Ganeshkhind Pigeonpea 11 ICAR- NRCPB Urdbean 220 TSHU, Telangana; Bose Inst., Kolkata; SVBPUAT, Meerut; UAS, Dharwad Oilseeds Camelina sativa 1 ICAR-NRCPB, New Delhi
GERMPLASM EXCHANGE UNIT 29 Crambe sp. 1 ICAR-NRCPB, New Delhi Eruca vesicaria 1 ICAR-NRCPB, New Delhi Erucastrum gallicum 1 ICAR-NRCPB, New Delhi Groundnut 5 ICAR-NRCPB, New Delhi Lepidium sp. 1 ICAR-NRCPB, New Delhi Mustard 136 IIT Gauhati; Presidency Univ; Kolkata; Hamdard University; BARC, Bombay; NRCPB, New Delhi; CCSHAU, Hisar Perilla sp. 1 ICAR-NRCPB, New Delhi Safflower 100 Amity University, Noida Sinapsis alba 1 ICAR-NRCPB, New Delhi Sisymbrium 1 ICAR-NRCPB, New Delhi Soybean 40 ICAR-IIVR Sesame 50 IIOR; Hyderabad Vegetables Allium sp. 17 JAU, Gujarat Benincasa hispida 6 University of Allahabad, UP Bottle gourd 77 SKUAST; TSU, Telangana; Somani Kanak Seeds Pvt. Ltd.Delhi Brinjal 577 ICAR-CIAH, Bikaner; NIABSM, Raipur; SKUAST; ICAR-CAZRI, Jodhpur; SKLTS, Hyderabad, BCKV, Kalyani; Ananya Seeds, Ambala; Somani Kanak Seeds Pvt. Ltd., Delhi; Ch Prembati Devi Manipur Centre; Gautam Budha Univ. Greater Noida; TNAU, Coimbatore Carrot 53 SKUAST (S); UAS; Kittu Rani College of Hort. Sci. Bagalkot Cabbage 27 YSPUHF, Solan Chilli 641 Dr YSRHU, AP; TNAU, Coimbatore; SKUAST (K); ICAR-IARI, RS, Pune; University of Jaipur; SKLTS Hort. Univ., Hyderabad; Ananya Seeds; VCSG Univ. of Hort. & Forestry, Dehradun; YSPUHF, Solan Cucumis sp. 38 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi; Pahuja Seeds, Delhi; Dr YSRHU, AP Momordica spp. 92 TNAU, Coimbatore; ICAR- CAZRI, Jodhpur; Dr YSRHU, AP; SKUAST(K); UHS, Mudigeri, University of Allahabad, UP; Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow; KAU Okra 2433 TNAU Madurai; TNAU Coimbatore; TSU, Telangana; IIVR, Varanasi; PAU, Ludhiana, BCKV, Nadia; MPK, Rahuri, ASPEE College of Horti. & Forestry, Navsari; Dr YSR University, AP; MPKV, Rahuri Pumpkin 5 University of Allahabad, UP Radish 40 IIHR; Bangalore; UHS, Bagalkot ; Kittu Rani College, Bagalkot Ridge gourd 15 Somani Kanak Seeds Pvt. Ltd Sponge gourd 15 Somani Kanak Seeds Pvt. Ltd Tomato 558 TSU, Telangana; ICAR- IARI, New Delhi; KAU, Thrissur; GKSM College, Hosiarpur; RAU, Pusa; NBAIR, Bangalore; Sameena Sheik Arizona Seed, Patiala; Ananya Seeds, Ambala; SKUAST (J); CSKHPKV; CAU, Pusa; SKLTS, Hyderbad; PJNCARI, Karaikal Medicinal and aromatic plants Aloe 60 Guru Jambeshwar University Asparagus 47 SKUAST (K); Guru Jambeshwar Univ.of Science & Technology, Hisar Ashwaganda 24 Ramkrishna Mission Centenary College, WB; University of Delhi Cassia angustifolia 40 TSHU, Hyderbad Centella 8 DTU, Bawana Chia 2 College of Agriculre Science, Vijaypur Flacourtia montana 2 KAU, Thrissur
30 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Kalmegh 3 ICAR- DMAPR, Anand Matricaria 1 Sadashiv Nadlekeri College of Hor., Chickmagalur Moringa 25 UHS, Bagalkot; Babsaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ., Lucknow Mucuna 3 Lady Doak College, Madurai Ocimum 26 MPUAT, Udaipur Periwinkle 3 Delhi University, Delhi Plumbago zeylanica 13 DTU, Bawana Spices Coriander 29 ICAR-NBAIR, Bangalore Potential crops Buckwheat 120 ICAR-CAZRI, Ladakh; NEHU, Shillong, ICAR-NBAIR, Bangalore Chenopodium 61 UAS Vijaypur; ICAR-CAZRI, Leh; ICAR- CSSRI, Karnal; College of Hort., Bidar Fababean 50 NBAIR, Bangalore Ricebean 179 Jiwaji University; Sikkim Univ., Sikkim; DU, Delhi; ICGEB, Delhi; ICAR- CAZRI Fruits Musa 14 SVBPUAT, Meerut Mango 23 TNAU, Madurai Malta Orange 12 PAU, Abhor Pomegranate 66 PAU, Abhor Fibres Cotton 15 Rasi Seeds Tubers Dioscorea 8 Punjab University, Chandigarh
Research Programme (Code: Title, Programme Leader)
PGR/GEX-BUR-DEL-01.00: Exchange of plant genetic resources with foreign countries (import/ export) their national supplies to the scientists/users in the country along with related information and documentation of these activities in the form of plant genetic reporter on line publication (Pratibha BrahmiBrahmi)
Research Projects (Project Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates) PGR/GEX-BUR-DEL-01.01: Import, export, inland supply and survey of literature for procurement of elite/ trait specific PGR in cereals, oilseeds, grain legumes, millets and sugar yielding crops and documentation (Vandana Tyagiagi, Pratibha Brahmi, SP Singh, Surender Singh, PC Binda).
PGR/GEX-BUR-DEL-01.02: Import, export, inland supply and survey of literature for procurement of elite/ trait specific PGR in vegetable crops, potential crops, plantation crops, forages and fibre crops and documentation (SK Yadavadav, Pragya (wef 17th July 2017), SP Singh, Surender Singh, PC Binda).
PGR/GEX-BUR-DEL-01.03: Import, export, inland supply and survey of literature for procurement of elite/ trait specific PGR in fruits, ornamentals, medicinal & aromatic plants, spices & condiments, tubers, narcotics and beverages and documentation (Pragya (wef 17th July 2017), Anita Pedapati (till 30th June 2017); SK Yadav, SP Singh, Surender Singh, PC Binda).
GERMPLASM EXCHANGE UNIT 31 DIVISION OF PLANT QUARANTINE 3 Summaryy: Imported crop germplasm (96,450 - seeds and vegetative propagules) including trial entries was processed for quarantine clearance. Of the infested/ infected samples (1,653) - infested with insects (315), nematodes (256), fungi (974), bacteria (4), viruses (22) and weeds (75) including several exotic pests; 1,346 were salvaged and 307 rejected. These rejected samples included Oryza sativa (254) from China (240), USA (6) and Vietnam (8) due to Tilletia barclayana, Triticum aestivum (15) from Lebanon (2) and UK (13) due to T. carries and Lens culinaris (16) from Lebanon due to Ascochyta lentis. Glycine max (22) from Taiwan (15) and Canada (7) were rejected due to various viruses. Exotic legume germplasm (1,222) were grown in post-entry quarantine (PEQ) greenhouses and seeds from virus-free plants were harvested and released to the indenters. Thirteen PEQ inspections were carried out at various indenters’ sites during the period. Crop samples (2,804) for export were processed, of which one infected sample was salvaged and 16 phytosanitary certificates were issued. Quarantine processing of imported transgenic planting material (982) revealed exotic virus in maize; absence of terminator gene was ensured; all samples were salvaged prior to release and PEQ inspection was undertaken. Seed health testing of 34,510 samples received from germplasm conservation division revealed pathogens as listed (infected/rejected): fungi (785/20), nematodes (366/0), and insect pests (126/91). In addition, 191 samples (cryo-preserved or for cryo-preservation) were received from TCCU for seed health testing of which 9 samples were found infected with different fungi and all were salvaged.
3.1 Import quarantine 3.1.1 Quarantine examination: A total of 96,450 samples comprising germplasm accessions, nurseries/ trial breeding material of various crops including both true seed and vegetative propagules (rooted plants, cuttings, rhizomes, suckers, bulbs, nuts and tissue culture plantlets) were processed for the detection of associated exotic insect pests, nematodes, pathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses) and weed seeds by various detection techniques. Of the import samples, 4,070 samples were exposed to X-ray radiography for detection of hidden infestation (bruchids and chalcids). Amongst these, infestations/ infections by insects/ mites (315) (hidden infestation (249)), nematodes (256), fungi (974), bacteria (4), viruses (22) and weeds (75) were found (Fig. 3.1). A total of 75 samples comprising germplasm accessions, nurseries/ trial breeding material of various crops were found Fig. 3.1: Infected / infested / contaminated samples contaminated with 15 types of weed seeds out of detected through quarantine which, three were quarantine weed and five were examination. not reported from India (Fig. 3.2).
Fig 3.2: Weeds of quarantine significance intercepted during quarantine processing.
32 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 3.1.2 Salvaging of infested/ infected/ contaminated introduced germplasm samples of chilli (463) and germplasm: Of the total 1653 infested/ infected/ tomato (376) were subjected to prophylactic seed contaminated samples, 1346 were salvaged by treatment with 10% tri-sodium orthophosphate (Fig. various disinfestation/ disinfection techniques/ 3.3). treatments. The various treatments used were: mechanical cleaning to remove damaged/ abnormal 3.1.4 Post-entry quarantine (PEQ) in nursery/ Exotic germplasm (1,222) comprising seeds, soil clods, plant debris, etc., fumigation with greenhouses: Glycine max (246), Phaseolus vulgaris (633), Pisum ethylene dichloride-carbon tetrachloride (EDCT) sativum (17), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (8), Vigna mixture at 320 mg L-1 for 48 h or aluminium phosphide radiata (15), V. radiata var. radiata (268), V. mungo fumigation (Phosphine @ 2 g cu m-1 for 72 h) at 30°C (8), V. trilobata (2) and V. umbellata (25) was grown against insect infestation and hot water treatment at in PEQ greenhouses at ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. The 52°C for 30 minutes for various seed-borne bacterial plants showing virus-like symptoms were tested pathogens and nematodes, pesticidal dip/ spray for through electron microscopy, reverse-transcription PCR vegetative propagules. Hidden infestation was and using specific anti-serum against various seed- detected using X-ray screening. Salvaging of 315 transmitted viruses using ELISA. A total of 22 Glycine insect infested samples were done by X-ray max samples comprising 15 from AVRDC, Taiwan due radiography (243), fumigation (53), cold treatment (12) to Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Cherry leaf roll virus and mechanical cleaning (7). The rice samples infected (CLRV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Tobacco with nematode (256) were salvaged by hot water streak virus (TSV) and seven samples from Canada treatment. Of the 974 fungi infected samples, 689 due to ArMV, CLRV and GFLV were rejected. The were salvaged by various disinfection techniques/ harvest from only healthy plants of different accessions treatments. A total of 285 fungi infected samples of was released to the indenters. Several viruses were Oryza sativa from China (240), USA (6) and Vietnam intercepted (Table 3.1). (8) due to Tilletia barclayana; and Triticum aestivum from UK (13) and Lebanon (2) due to T. carries; and A total of 12 accessions imported from CIMMYT, Lens culinaris from Lebanon (16) due to Ascochyta lentis Mexico and grown at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi were were rejected. A total of 75 samples contaminated inspected. The leaf samples showing virus-like with weed seeds were salvaged by mechanical symptoms and without symptoms were indexed for cleaning. five viruses. None of the samples showed the presence of viruses. 3.1.3 Prophylactic treatments: A total 7,577 seed samples were subjected to fumigation and 451 In addition, International nurseries’ trial material of vegetative propagules were given pesticidal dip/spray wheat (193 entries) from CIMMYT (Mexico) and Barley treatment against various pests and 3,313 samples of (501) from ICARDA (Syria) were grown in PEQ nursery paddy were given mandatory prophylactic hot water at ICAR-NBPGR and inspected regularly for disease treatment. In order to prevent the introduction of new symptoms. strains of tobamoviruses through seeds, all the
Fig. 3.3: Prophylactic treatments of introduced germplasm samples.
DIVISION OF PLANT QUARANTINE 33 Table 3.1: Pests intercepted in the exotic germplasm during 2017.
Pests Host Country
Insects Acanthosceledis obtectus# Phaseolus spp. Columbia Bruchus ervi* Lens culinaris Lebanon B. lentis Lens culinaris Lebanon Callosobruchus chinensis Vigna mungo and V. radiata Bangladesh Lasioderma serricorne Ricinus communis China Plodia interpunctella Zea mays Thailand Rhizopertha dominica Oryza sativa The Philippines Zea mays The Philippines Hordeum vulgare Morocco Triticum durum Lebanon Sitophilus oryzae Oryza sativa Vietnam Hordeum vulgare Morocco Zea mays The Philippines Sitotroga cereallela Oryza sativa USA Immature stages of bruchid V. radiata USA Pathogens Alternaria brassicae Brassica juncea Canada B. oleracea Kenya Capsicum annuum The Netherlands Alternaria brassicicola B. oleracea Kenya Oryza sativa The Philippines Alternaria padwickii Oryza sativa USA Ascochyta lentis Lens culinaris Lebanon Bipolaris cynodontis Hordeum vulgare Australia B. oryzae Capsicum annuum The Netherlands Oryza sativa The Philippines, USA B. rostrata C. annuum USA Momordica charantia Thailand Solanum lycopersicum UK Zea mays The Philippines B. sorokiniana Lens culinaris Lebanon Tripsacum dactyloides USA Triticum aestivum Mexico B. tetramera Capsicum annuum The Netherlands Cucumis sativus Thailand Zea mays Thailand Cephalosporium maydis O. sativa The Philippines H. vulgare Australia Cephalosporium sp. O. sativa USA Colletotrichum capsici S. lycopersicum Spain, Taiwan Fusarium dimerum O. sativa The Philippines S. lycopersicum USA
34 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fusarium verticillioides A. esculentus Taiwan Abelmoschus esculentus USA Allium cepa Kazakhstan B. oleracea Kenya Brachypodium sylvaticum USA C. annuum Guatemala, Korea, The Netherlands C. sativus Taiwan, Thailand Cenchrus ciliaris USA Cucurbita maxima USA H. vulgare Australia, Morocco Lagenaria siceraria USA M. charantia Thailand Moringa drouhardii USA O. sativa China, Israel, The Philippines, USA, Vietnam S. habrochaites USA S. lycopersicum Guatemala, Israel, Jordan, Spain, Taiwan, The Netherlands, UK, USA S. melongena USA Sicana odorifera USA S. lycopersicum The Netherlands T. aestivum Australia, Mexico, UK, USA Z. mays Chile, France, The Philippines, USA Z. mays Brazil, France, Mexico, The Philippines, Thailand, Ukraine, USA F. oxysporum B. oleracea var. capitata Kenya C. annuum The Netherlands C. sativus Thailand M. charantia Thailand S. lycopersicum Jordan, Taiwan, USA T. aestivum UK Vigna umbellata Japan Z. mays The Philippines, Thailand F. semitectum B. oleracea var. capitata The Netherlands C. sativa USA O. sativa China, USA S. lycopersicum Taiwan, USA V. umbellata Japan F. solani T. dactyloides USA M. charantia Thailand Pestalotia sp. M. charantia Thailand Phoma exigua M. charantia Thailand P. sorghina L. siceraria USA M. charantia Thailand Ralstonia solanacearum Musa sp. Nigeria T. barclayana O. sativa China, Vietnam T. caries T. durum Lebanon T. aestivum UK Ustilaginoidea virens O. sativa China, The Philippines
DIVISION OF PLANT QUARANTINE 35 Verticillium albo-atrum A. esculentus USA B. juncea Canada B. oleracea Kenya B. o. var.capitata The Netherlands C. annuum The Netherlands O. sativa Israel S. lycopersicum USA Viruses Arabis mosaic virus Glycine maxc& Taiwan, Canada Bean common mosaic virus G. max Taiwan, Canada *Broad bean stain virus Phaseolus vulgaris South Africa Pisum sativum Germany, Spain Vicia faba Lebanon *Cherry leaf roll virus G. max Taiwan, Canada Grapevine fan leaf virus G. maxc& Taiwan, Canada Southern bean mosaic virus G. maxc& Taiwan, Canada Soybean mosaic virus G. max Taiwan Tobacco streak virus G. max Taiwan Nematodes Aphelenchoides besseyi O. sativa China, Japan, The Philippines, USA Vietnam Weeds Avena barbata* Hordeum vulgare Morocco Bromus diandrus H. vulgare Morocco Bromus secalinus** H. vulgare Morocco, USA Echinochloa crusgalli O. sativa China, The Philippines, USA E. crus-pavonis** O. sativa China, The Philippines, Vietnam Fallopia convolvulus* T. aestivum Poland Galium aparine, G. tricornutum* H. vulgare, T. aestivum Lebanon, Morocco Ipomoea hederacea O. sativa China Phalaris paradoxa* H. vulgare, T. aestivum Australia, Mexico Polygonum aviculare H. vulgare Morocco Polygonum cuspidatum** H. vulgare, T. aestivum Morocco, Poland P. lapathifolium O. sativa China Sinapsis arvensis* T. aestivum Lebanon Vicia villosa H. vulgare Morocco
**Quarantine weed * Pest not yet reported from India c& Pest present in India but not recorded on the host on which intercepted # Pest regulated under PQ order 2003
3.1.5 PEQ inspection at indenters' site: A total of 13 post-entry quarantine inspections were carried out at various indenters’ sites during this period (Table 3.2). None of the samples showed presence of quarantine pests during crop inspection as well as laboratory testing.
36 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Table 3.2: Details of post entry quarantine inspections (PEQI) undertaken at indenters’ site.
IQ No. Crop No. of Indenters' site of PEQI Samples 371/2016 Vicia faba 96 Issapur Experimental Farm, ICAR-NBPGR 347, 387, 409/ 2016 Triticum aestivum 2169 R&D Farm, Ankur Seeds, Nagpur, MS 256/2016 Solanum lycopersicum 158 R&D Farm, Syngenta India Ltd., Aurangabad, MS 266, 288/2016 Capsicum annuum 5 R&D Farm, Syngenta India Ltd., Aurangabad, MS 5, 164, 351, 386, T. aestivum 1929 R&D Farm, MAHYCO, Jalna, Maharashtra 402/ 2016 343, 372, 443/ 2016 T. aestivum 2213 Syngenta India Ltd, Karnal 344, 385, 405/ 2016 T. aestivum 2751 Nuziveedu Seeds, Gurugram, Haryana 346, 352, 380, 388, T. aestivum 2343 Ajeet Seeds, Aurangabad 406, 410/ 2016 380, 406/ 2016 T. aestivum 295 Nirmal Seeds, Jalgaon 425/2015 Zea mays 192 Pioneer, Hyderabad 184/2016 Z. mays 12 Research Farm, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 275, 303/2016, 104, Z. mays 915 Research Farm, Syngenta India Ltd., Hyderabad 112, 129/2017 63, 64, 105, 131/2017 C. annuum 870 Research Farm, Syngenta India Ltd., Aurangabad
3.2 Export quarantine (Uttarakhand-92 and MP-5) and mottled seeds (MP- 16, Uttarakhand-20 and Delhi-2); Sorghum smut Crops samples (2,804) comprising tomato, wheat, (Tolyposporium penicillariae) in sorghum (Telangana- finger millet, desiccated cotton leaves, paddy, maize, 1) and kodo millet (Karnataka-3); kernel smut (Tilletia pigeonpea, greengram, rice bean, mothbean, lablab barclayana) in O. sativa (Maharashtra-1, Punjab-1, bean, horsegram, cowpea and Setaria viridis were Chhattisgarh-5 and Odisha-5); false smut exported to UK, Taiwan, Mexico, The Philippines, (Ustilagenoidea virens - Odisha-18, Chhattisgarh-3 USA, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Tanzania, Ethiopia and and Telangana-1) and hill bunt (Tilletia foetida) in Mozambique. Prophylactic treatment (fumigation) was Triticum aestivum (Karnal-3 and Shimla-1). Blotter test given to ricebean (100), mothbean (100), lablab bean detected and identified seed-borne fungi in 548 (100), horsegram (100), cowpea (100), pigeonpea (13) germplasm samples. The important fungi detected and greengram (12). Ten greengram samples were include Bipolaris sorokiniana, B. maydis, B. oryzae, exposed to X-ray radiography. Vigna radiata samples Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, infected with fungal pathogen, Fusarium verticilloides Macrophomina phaseolina, Phomopsis phaseoli, were salvaged by fungicidal seed treatment. Phoma exigua andVerticilium albo-atrum. Out of 725 Mechanical cleaning was opted for wheat (1 to Kenya) infected samples, only 20 samples infected with and horsegram (4 to Tanzania) contaminated with Tolyposporium penicillariae (4), Tilletia barclayana (12), Phalaris minor and Echinochloa colona, E. crus-galli & Tilletia foetida (4) were rejected. Contamination of Ipomoea purpurea respectively. A total of 16 19 types of weed seeds was found in 113 samples of phytosanitary certificates were issued. these germplasm and were salvaged by mechanical 3.3 Seed health testing for pest free cleaning. Insect infestation was found in 1534 samples conservation of indigenously collected through visual (1524) and X-ray radiography (8) for planting material bruchids and chalcids. Out of total 1534 infested samples, 1463 were salvaged by X-ray radiography Indigenous crop seeds (34,510) collected through (2), cold treatment (1077) and mechanical means exploration and seeds multiplied at various centres (384) while 71 samples could not be salvaged and were processed for pest-free conservation (Table 3.3) were hence rejected. A total of 366 samples was and various fungal infection were identified in 725 infested with nematodes. In addition, testing of cryo- germplasm. Visual/ stereoscopic examination resulted preserved / for cryo-preservation samples (191) in detection of fungal pathogens in 177 samples – received from TCCU revealed fungal infection in nine soybean purple stain (Cercospora kikuchii) and all were salvaged.
DIVISION OF PLANT QUARANTINE 37 Table 3.3: Pests detected in material meant for pest free conservation.
Pests Host Source/Collection site Insects Acanthosceledis obtectus Lens culinaris Delhi Bruchus lentis Lens culinaris Delhi, Uttrakhand Bruchus pisorum Pisum sativum Himachal Pradesh Callosobruchus analis Glycine max Himachal Pradesh Macrotyloma uniflorum Kerala Callosobruchus cajanus Cajanus cajan Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi Callosobruchus chinensis Glycine max Meghalaya, Delhi Vigna radiata Delhi, Telangana Vigna umbellata Delhi Zea mays Meghalaya Callosobruchus maculatus Glycine max Maharashtra Hibiscus cannabinus West Bengal Vigna radiata Karnataka Callosobruchus theobromae Vigna mungo Delhi Chalcids Coriandrum sativum Rajasthan Cryptolestes ferrugenius Oryza sativa Odisha, Chattisgarh, Telangana, Karnataka Immature stages of bruchid Cajanus cajan Telangana Cicer arietinum Bihar Hibiscus sabdariffa West Bengal Lathyrus sativus Bihar Lens culinaris Delhi Macrotyloma uniflorum Telangana Vigna mungo Rajasthan Lasioderma serricorne Anethum graveolens Rajasthan Capsicum annuum Gujarat Daucus carota Uttar Pradesh Plantago ovata Gujarat Solanum lycopersicum Gujarat Pectinophora gossypiella Gossypium hirsutum Gujarat, Haryana Rhizopertha dominica Avena sativa Punjab Hordeum vulgare Uttarakhand Oryza sativa Odisha, Rajasthan, Telangana, Haryana, Maharashtra, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, Delhi Sorghum bicolor Uttarakhand Triticum aestivum Delhi, Himachal Pradesh Zea mays Rajasthan Sitophilus oryzae Oryza sativa Delhi, Himachal Pradesh Penniseum glaucum Kerala Sorghum bicolor Jharkhand, Assam, Delhi Triticum aestivum Himachal Pradesh Zea mays Rajasthan Sitophilus zeamais Trichosanthes spp. Meghalaya Zea mays Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Delhi Sitotroga cerealella Oryza sativa West Bengal, Delhi, Odisha, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Kerala, Uttarakhand, Nagaland, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Telangana, Maharashtra Zea mays Delhi, Jharkhand
38 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Spermophagus albofasciatus Abelmoschus esculentus Telangana A. tetraphyllus Delhi Hibiscus sabdariffa West Bengal Tribolium castaneum Capsicum annuum Gujarat Echinochloa esculenta Karnataka Gossypium hirsutum West Bengal, Gujarat, Haryana Oryza sativa Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Telangana Pennisetum glaucum Maharashtra Sesamum indicum Telangana Setaria italica Karnataka Solanum melongena Uttar Pradesh S. bicolor Telangana, Maharashtra, Assam Triticum aestivum Delhi Zea mays Assam, Delhi Pathogens Alternaria alternata S. bicolor Telangana A. brassicicola Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Uttar Pradesh A. padwickii Oryza sativa Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Punjab S. bicolor Assam, Telangana Bipolaris bicolor Pennisetum glaucum Rajasthan S. bicolor Telangana B. oryzae O. sativa Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand S. bicolor Maharashtra, Telangana B. rostrata Amaranthus hypochondriacus Delhi Linum usitatissimum Rajasthan P. glaucum Rajasthan S. bicolor Telangana Triticum aestivum Haryana B. setaria Setaria italica Karnataka B. sorghicola O. sativa Delhi P. glaucum Rajasthan S. bicolor Telangana B. sorokiniana T. aestivum Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir S. bicolor Telangana B. tetramera Dichanthium annulatum Maharashtra S. bicolor Telangana T. aestivum Delhi Cercospora kikuchii G. max Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh Colletotrichum capsici Amaranthus hypochondriacus Delhi Capsicum annuum Karnataka Carthamus tinctorius Uttarakhand Glycine max Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand Triticum aestivum Jammu & Kashmir Curvularia inaequalis P. sumatrense Jharkhand Fusarium graminearum O. sativa Punjab F. oxysporum Capsicum annuum Gujarat, Karnataka Carthamus tinctorius Telangana Clitoria ternatea Kerala Glycine max Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand Oryza sativa Odisha Panicum sumatrense Jharkhand Solanum melongena Uttar Pradesh
DIVISION OF PLANT QUARANTINE 39 Solanum triobatum Kerala S. bicolor Telangana F. poae T. aestivum Delhi S. bicolor Telangana F. semitectum Abelmoschus esculentus Kerala Capsicum annuum Karnataka Sorghum bicolor Telangana Trichosanthes wallichiana Delhi Vigna mungo Maharashtra F. solani A. hypochondriacus Delhi C. annuum Delhi, Karnataka G. max Uttarakhand S. lycopersicum Telangana S. bicolor Telangana V. radiata Gujarat F. verticillioides Abelmoschus esculentus Karnataka Amaranthus hypochondriacus Delhi Lagenaria siceraria Kerala, Punjab Brassica juncea Delhi, Rajasthan Brassica rapa Delhi Cajanus cajan Andhra Pradesh C. annuum Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka C. tinctorius Telangana, Uttarakhand E. coracana Jharkhand Glycine max Madhya Pradesh Gossypium sp. Gujarat Hibiscus sp. Telangana H. vulgare Haryana Linum usitatissimum Madhya Pradesh Ocimum Gujarat Oryza sativa Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Jharkhand, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh Paspalum scrobiculatum Karnataka, Maharashtra Pennisetum glaucum Haryana, Rajasthan S. italica Karnataka, Uttarakhand S. lycopersicum Telangana S. melongena Uttar Pradesh S. bicolor Maharashtra, Telangana, Uttarakhand Crotalaria juncea West Bengal Toria Madhya Pradesh Triticum aestivum Delhi Vigna umbellata Delhi V. mungo Kerala Zea mays Delhi, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Telangana Macrophomina phaseolina G. max Uttarakhand Melanospora zamei S. bicolor Telangana Myrothecium roridum L. siceraria Delhi, Gujarat, Kerala Myrothecium verricaria Pedalium murex Punjab Sorghum bicolor Telangana Phoma exigua Carthamus tinctorius Telangana S. italica Karnataka S. melongena Uttar Pradesh P. sorghina A. hypochondriacus Delhi Callistephus chinensis Karnataka G. max Uttarakhand
40 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Hordeum vulgare Haryana O. sativa Jharkhand P. scrobiculatum Jharkhand S. italica Karnataka Phompsis phaseoli G. max Uttarakhand P. vexans S. melongena Uttar Pradesh Pyrenochaeta oryzae O. sativa Gujarat Rhizoctonia solani O. sativa Chhattisgarh Tilletia barclayana O. sativa Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab T. foetida T. aestivum Haryana, Himachal Pradesh Tolyposporium penicillariae S. bicolor Telangana Paspalum scrobiculatum Karnataka Ustilaginoidea virens O. sativa Odisha, Telangana Verticiullium albo-atrum B. juncea Rajasthan C. annuum Karnataka L. siceraria Delhi O. sativa Odisha S. melongena Uttar Pradesh T. aestivum Karnataka Nematodes Aphelenchoides besseyi O. sativa Assam, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana Aphelenchus avenae* Marvel grass* Jammu & Kashmir Weeds Avena fatua Triticum aestivum Himachal Pradesh Avena ludoviciana Triticum aestivum Himachal Pradesh Chenopodium album Triticum aestivum, Delhi, Rajasthan Brassica juncea Convolvulus arvensis Sorghum bicolor, B. juncea Jharkhand, Rajasthan Corchorus acutangulus Oryza sativa Delhi Dactyloctenium egyptium O. sativa Telangana Echinichloa colona Cajanus cajan, Eleusine Kerala, Odisha, Telangana coracana, O sativa, Echinichloa crus-galli Cajanus cajan, O. sativa, Kerala, Delhi, Odisha, Shillong, Telangana Panicum miliaceum Emex australis H. vulgare Rajasthan Lolium perenne T. aestivum Himachal Pradesh Lathyrus sativus T. aestivum Himachal Pradesh Malva parviflora H. vulgare, T. aestivum Jammu & Kashmir Melilotus alba Raphanus sativus, T. aestivum Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh Melilotus indica B. juncea, R. sativus, Delhi, Rajasthan, UP T. aestivum Phalaris minor B. juncea, H. vulgare Delhi, Rajasthan Polygonium aviculare H. vulgare, T. aestivum Jammu & Kashmir, Delhi Polygonium lapathifolium O. sativa Delhi Rumex crispus H. vulgare Delhi Vicia sativa H. vulgare, T. aestivum Jammu & Kashmir (*From plant debris/soil clods)
DIVISION OF PLANT QUARANTINE 41 Fig. 3.4: A: Morphology of Phomopsis helianthi; B: Pathogenicity on safflower. 3.4 Detection of viruses in in vitro cultures Xcc isolates (Fig. 3.5), but failed to amplify in other of germplasm meant for conservation bacterial species. The primer set is highly specific and sensitive as it could detect 10 pg L-1 bacterial DNA In vitro accessions of Rubus (54) were virus-indexed and upto 3x103 CFU ml-1 corresponding to 12 cells of for ArMV, RBDV, RpRSV, SLRV, SMYEV and TSV with viable Xcc. available anti-sera kits. Virus-indexed mother plants were identified for further subculture. Leaves of yam (Dioscorea deltoidea; IC527295 to IC527305), received from RS-Srinagar, were found to be free from YMV and DLV when tested using DAS-ELISA. 3.5 Supportive research New host record of Phomopsis helianthi in safflower: In 2017, during seed health testing using blotter test, some fungal growth was observed on Fig. 3.5: PCR amplification for Xcc isolates using rpf gene specific primers. M: 1 Kb plus DNA ladder; 1 to 11: Xcc safflower seeds (IC338197 and IC337954) that was isolates, C: Negative control. identified as Phomopsis helianthi (Desm.) Grove (Fig. 3.4A) – a very destructive pathogen causing severe 3.5.2 Genetic diversity analysis of Curvularia yield loss – and validated through DNA sequence lunata: The efficacy of universal rice primer (URP) and analysis (MF033502.1). Sunflower is the only known inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers was host and the identified fungus is seed-borne. But, assessed to study genetic diversity analysis among its detection in safflower seed (Fig. 3.4B) constitutes indigenous (4) and exotic isolates (6) of Curvularia a new host record. lunata. The percentage polymorphism, PIC, expected heterozygosity, resolution power and Shannon’s 3.5.1 PCR based detection of Xanthomonas information index value were nearly identical for both campestris pv. campestris: Eleven isolates of marker systems while, marker index, cophenetic matrix Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causing and effective multiplex ratio were found to be higher black rot of crucifers were collected from different for ISSR than URP marker system. Maximum cophenetic parts of India. The pathogens were confirmed to be correlation coefficient was also found in ISSR (r = Xcc based on symptomatic diagnosis and biochemical 0.934) followed by URP (r = 0.904). Based on these tests. Species-specific primers (rpfH_F and rpfH_R) parameters, ISSR markers were more efficient than were designed based on rpf (regulation of URP in diversity analysis of C. lunata. However, pathogenicity factors) gene to detect Xcc. The DNA combined analysis using both marker system showed was extracted from pure culture of Xcc and expected high cophenetic correlation coefficient (r = 0.942) than PCR product size of 304 bp was observed in all the individual markers.
42 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 3.5.3 Genetic diversity analysis of Colletotrichum all isolates of Curvularia spp., and the other with spp.: The thirteen isolates of Colletotrichum capsici isolates of B. oryzae and B. sorokiniana. and one of C. gloeosporium infecting chilli, Sesbania sp. and soybean were isolated from the infected seeds collected from different geographical locations of India and abroad. Out of 20 URP markers screened to study the genetic diversity of Colletotrichum spp., only ten of them were reproducible. C. capsici isolates formed two major clusters, whereas, one isolate of C. gloeosporium formed an outgroup from C. capsici isolates (Fig. 3.6). The first major group had all the isolates from Bengaluru, whereas, second major group comprised isolates from other parts of India and abroad including Bengaluru. The maximum similarity (92.39%) was observed between C. capsici isolates (CC7 and CC8) from Bengaluru whereas minimum similarity Fig. 3.7: UPGMA tree of Bipolaris and Curvularia spp. (49.46%) was observed between C. gloeosporium based on ITS sequences. and C. capsici (CG1 & CC4 and CG1 & CC6). 3.5.5 Virus-indexing of bulk material imported by DPPQS, MoA&FW: Four samples of corn seeds imported by DPPQS were grown on germination paper and leaf samples from 100 germinated seedlings were tested against Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) by group ELISA (10 samples/ group) and the samples were found to be free from MCMV, not reported from India. The samples were also tested for fungal and bacterial pathogens. Two samples showed the presence of Diplodia maydis which causes seedling blight, stalk rot and ear rot of maize and reported from India with limited distribution. 3.5.6 Potential quarantine pests for India in Fig. 3.6. Dendrogram based on UPGMA tropical and sub-tropical fruits: Information on clustering of URP markers among 14 isolates of viruses, viroids and phytoplasma of tropical and sub- Colletotrichum spp. tropical fruits was compiled on the parameters viz., 3.5.4 Phylogenetic analysis of Bipolaris and scientific name of the pest/ synonym(s), order/ family, Curvularia spp.: Seventeen isolates of different pathway of introduction, host range, geographical Bipolaris spp. including B. oryzae (Bo), B. rostrata (Br) distribution, economic losses/ physiological variation and B. sorokiniana (Bs), and Curvularia spp. including and phytosanitary risk. A total of 92 viruses/ viroids/ C. hawaiiensis (Ch), C. lunata (Cl) and C. specifera phytoplasma/spiroplasma comprising 73 viruses, nine (Cs) infecting seeds of various crop were subjected viroids, nine phytoplasma and a spiroplasma are of for phylogenetic analysis using partial ITS region. The quarantine significance in tropical and sub-tropical fruit DNA was isolated from all the isolates and PCR crops for India. amplified using ITS 5 and ITS 4 universal primers and 3.5.7 Weed risk analysis: The system of weed risk sequenced. The phylogram was generated using assessment was validated to assess the weed UPGMA of MEGA7 software. The phylogram potential of new plants. A total of 15 different species differentiated all species into different clusters. The of Bromus imported from United Kingdom and 20 phylogram formed two clades viz., clade 1 (all the species from USA were assessed through weed risk isolates of B. rostrata) while, clade 2 having rest of analysis system for their weediness and invasiveness. the isolates of Bipolaris and Curvularia spp. (Fig. 3.7). The WRA score was recorded between 11 to 24 that The clade 2 consisted two sub-clades with one having reveals that all 35 species could become serious
DIVISION OF PLANT QUARANTINE 43 Fig 3.8: Nematode problem in pomegranate orchards. A: Pomegranate orchard; B: Collection of soil and root samples; C: Root galls induced by root-knot nematode (indicated by arrows). weeds in India. On the basis of weed risk analysis all from Roon-Dall village indicated the presence of 35 species of Bromus were rejected and thus, downy mildew in and around Almora district. prevented the introduction of invasive exotic weeds in the country. 3.5.10 National containment/ quarantine facility for transgenic planting material (DBT): With the 3.5.8 Survey of nematode infected pomegranate approval of RCGM, 982 samples of imported orchards: A survey was conducted in and around transgenic planting material comprising Arabidopsis Jodhpur for nematode related problems in thaliana (6) from Germany for Bench Bio-private Ltd., pomegranate orchards. Soil and root samples were Gujarat; Brassica napus (77) from Belgium for Bayer collected (Fig. 3.8) from wilting plants and examined. Bioscience Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon; Eucalyptus (410, in-vitro During laboratory investigations, pomegranate roots culture) form Israel for ITC, Banglore; Gossypium were found infected with root-knot nematode, hirsutum (27, lypholized tissue samples) from USA for Meloidogyne incognita. Therefore, the farmers were Monsanto Ltd, New Delhi; Mannihot esculenta (462) advised to use nematode free seedlings, to select from Switzerland for ICAR-CTCRI, Thiruvananthapuram nematode free area for pomegranate orchards while were processed for quarantine clearance. The establishing the new orchards and to consult the transgenes present in these crops included 35S-SMR5, nematologists available in nearby agriculture Bs3mGFP5 and Estradiol inducible hairpin targeting institutions/universities. CHL1 gene in A. thaliana; blind samples, (different levels of RF3 or T45) for lab analysis and proficiency 3.5.9 Survey report for detection of downy mildew testing of B. napus; Npt II, cel1 & CBD as selectable in soybean: Indore and Almora were surveyed for marker in Eucalyptus; lyophilized tissue sample in G. detection of downy mildew in soybean. During first hirsutum; TMS60444 x H165 and CVH165, CV 6044 survey, areas included IISR Research Farm, Indore and in M. esculenta. Seeds of transgenic material were farmer’s fields located in Panda, Navda and Bori Kheri subjected to various tests in containment for detection villages of Block Mhow Tahseel, Indore and suspected of insects, mites, nematodes, bacteria, fungi, viruses samples of soybean leaves and previous years’ seeds and weeds. Seeds from 25 imported samples of were examined in the laboratory and found negative transgenic Z. mays from the Philippines for Monsanto for downy mildew infection. In the second survey, India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad were grown in the seeds and leaf samples were collected from NBPGR- containment facility for ~45 days for detection of seed- RS, Bhowali, ICAR-VPKAS, Almora and farmer’s fields transmitted pests that are not detectable in the located in Vimola, Khoont, Roon-Dall of Block laboratory tests. On the basis of observations at Hawalbagh, Almora and in villages near Kausani, regular intervals; suspected leaf/ soil samples were Garun, Kakri Ghat, Garam Pani and Khairna. tested in the laboratory for the presence of various Stereoscopic examination of seed showed oospore pests. Thereafter, the plants were uprooted and encrustation on seed surface and detection of disposed of as per biosafety guidelines in the presence sporangiophore in the infected leaf sample collected
44 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 3.9: Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis by NJ method. A: ITS sequences. B: TEF- 1á sequences. Scale bar-number of substitutions per nucleotide, CI-consistency index, RI-retention index, RC-rescaled consistency index. of Institute Biosafety Committee (IBSC) members. and soil samples from PEQI revealed them to be free of exotic fungi, bacteria, nematodes and insect pests. All the imported transgenic lines were tested to ensure Maize leaves showing virus-like symptoms grown at the absence of embryogenesis deactivator gene using containment facility and PEQ inspection were tested PCR with primers specific to the cre-lox system. Plasmid for five viruses using ELISA. The results were negative cloned with cre sequence was used as positive control. for High Plains Virus (HPV) (a quarantine pest in India) In PCR amplification of cre sequence, the amplicon in samples from The Philippines. of 1031 bp size was amplified only in positive sample while, no amplicon was observed in any of these 3.5.11 Race profiling of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. transgenic samples ensuring the absence of lentis: The sequences of rDNA ITS and TEF-1a genes embryogenesis deactivator gene. The samples were of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lentils causing wilt in also tested for transgenic elements using PCR/ RT- lentil was analyzed using 32 area and race PCR based GM diagnostics. representative isolates. Phylogenetic analysis with ITS grouped the isolates into two major clades (Fig. 3.9A). Two PEQI were undertaken for Zea mays from USA TEF-1a analysis grouped the isolates into two major (32 at Pioneer Overseas Corp., Hyderabad) and from clades with 28 into one clade (Fig. 3.9B). The molecular The Philippines (25 at Monsanto Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad) groups partially correspond to the lentil growing and visual inspection at NBPGR of suspected leaf regions of the isolates and races of the pathogen.
DIVISION OF PLANT QUARANTINE 45 Research Programme (Code: Title, Leader)
PGR/PQR-BUR-DEL-01: Quarantine processing of plant germplasm under exchange and supportive research (SC Dubey)
Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates)
PGR/PQR-BUR-DEL-01.01 Detection and identification of fungi and bacteria in quarantine and supportive research (Baleshwar Singhingh, SC Dubey, J Akhtar, A Kandan (till 22nd June, 2017), Pardeep Kumar, Raj Kiran and AK Maurya)
PGR/PQR-BUR-DEL-01.02 Detection and identification of viruses in quarantine and supportive research. (V Celia ChalamChalam, DB Parakh, Pooja Kumari (wef 15th Feb., 2017) and AK Maurya)
PGR/PQR-BUR-DEL-01.03 Detection and identification of insect and mite pests in quarantine and supportive research (Kavita Guptaa, Shashi Bhalla, SP Singh and DS Meena)
PGR/PQR- BUR-DEL-01.04 Detection and identification of nematode pests in quarantine and supportive research (Z Khan and BH Gawade)
PGR/PQR-BUR-DEL-01.05 Detection and identification of weeds intercepted in quarantine and supportive research (MC Singh, Madhubala Priyadarshi and DS Meena) PGR/PQR-BUR-DEL-01.06 Quarantine treatments for disinfestation/ disinfection of germplasm under exchange against different pests and supportive research (SP Singhingh, Baleshwar Singh, Shashi Bhalla, Kavita Gupta, J Akhtar, A Kandan (till 22nd June, 2017), BH Gawade, AK Maurya and DS Meena)
PGR/PQR-BUR-DEL-01.07 Quarantine processing of imported transgenic germplasm and supportive research (Shashi BhallaBhalla, Baleshwar Singh, V Celia Chalam, Z Khan, AK Maurya and DS Meena)
PGR/PQR-BUR-DEL-01.08 Seed-health testing for conservation of indigenous germplasm free from pests (J Akhtarar, SC Dubey, Baleshwar Singh, Shashi Bhalla, DB Parakh, V Celia Chalam, Kavita Gupta, MC Singh, SP Singh, Z Khan, A Kandan (till 22nd June, 2017), Bharat H Gawade, Pardeep Kumar, Raj Kiran, Pooja Kumari (wef 15th Feb., 2017), Veena Gupta, Sushil Pandey, AK Maurya, DS Meena and Smita Lenka Jain).
PGR/PQR-BUR-DEL-01.09 Detection of viruses in in vitro cultures of germplasm meant for conservation (DB Parakh V Celia Chalam, Sandhya Gupta, Pooja Kumari (wef 15th Feb., 2017) and AK Maurya)
PGR/PQR-BUR-DEL-01.10 Molecular based detection, identification and characterization of fungi and bacteria infecting plant genetic resources in quarantine (Pardeep Kumar (wef 23rd June, 2017), A Kandan (till 22nd June, 2017), SC Dubey, J Akhtar, BH Gawade and Raj Kiran).
Externally Funded Projects
• National containment/ quarantine facility for transgenic planting material (DBT) Component A (Shashi Bhalla, Baleshwar Singh, V Celia Chalam, Kavita Gupta, Z Khan and A Kandan (till 22nd June, 2017) )
• Race profiling and diversity analysis of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis causing lentil wilt in India (DST) (SC Dubey and Jameel Akhtar)
• Strengthening Capacities of Enforcement Agencies (Plant Quarantine and Customs Officials) under UNEP-GEF supported Phase-II Capacity Building Project on Biosafety (Shashi Bhalla and V Celia Chalam)
46 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 DIVISION OF GERMPLASM EVALUATION 4 Summary: During 2017, a total of 12,529 accessions of various agri-horticultural crops were characterized / evaluated/ regenerated / multiplied. Mungbean (770 acc.), urdbean (771 acc.), brinjal wild species Solanum incanum (55 acc.), okra wild species (269 acc.) were raised for preliminary screening against biotic stresses and for advanced screening a total of 86 accessions of okra wild species Abelmoschus moschatus against okra yellow vein mosaic (OYVMD) and okra enation leaf curl (OELCD) diseases was performed. In addition, 285 accessions of various crops were evaluated for their host status to root-knot nematode. A total of 571 accessions comprising wheat minicore (228 acc.), rice (84 acc.) and maize (109 acc.) were evaluated against drought stress, and 150 urdbean accessions for water logging tolerance. Quality parameters for 2,504 accessions comprising different crops viz., wheat (174), rapeseed-mustard (600), linseed (200), and potential crops (830) were studied. A total of 174 samples (medicinal and aromatic plants) were evaluated for various phyto-chemical bioactive compounds. Under CRP on Agro-biodiversity-PGR Component- II, 4,463 accessions comprising of rice (1,000), wheat (541), rapeseed-mustard (1,112), chickpea (262) and okra (560), were evaluated at AICRP centres/hotspots for various agronomic, biotic and abiotic traits. Four germplasm Field days on Rabi Oilseeds and Potential Crops, Wheat and Barley, Maize and Pulse Crops were organized to facilitate germplasm utilization. A total of 9,256 accessions of various crops were supplied to 69 indenters for their use in crop improvement.
4.1 Germplasm evaluation 4.1.1 Characterization and preliminary evaluation for agro-morphological traits: A total of 12,529 accessions comprising wheat (1,858), barley (5,000), maize (800), lentil (1020), pea (525), mungbean (1231), urdbean (851), cowpea (320), oilseeds (1,217), tomato (550), bottle gourd (55), amaranth (20), fababean (51), Chenopodium (13), Ocimum (84) and Andrographis (42) were characterized for agro- morphological traits (Fig. 4.1) and superior accessions have been identified (Table 4.1). More than 90% of the barley accessions were 6-row type. Wide variability in phenotypic expression was recorded in Fig.4.1: Accessions characterized / evaluated in various spike characters ranging from awnless to short awned/ crop groups during 2017.
Fig. 4.2: Variability in spike shape, density and awn types in Fig. 4.3: Variability in grain color in barley barley germplasm. germplasm.
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM EVALUATION 47 awnleted elliptical spike and awned oblong/fusiform (Fig. 4.2). A wide range of variation was recorded with respect to grain pericarp color ranging from white, blue, black, red and purple in some accessions (Fig. 4.3), however white color was dominant (96%). Barley accessions IC533221 and IC036903 recorded highest number of spikelet (in triplets group) per spike (>40); IC113045, EC578521 were identified for dwarf plant height (<50 cm). In maize germplasm accessions such as IC97875, IC97877, IC97878 for earliness, short plant height and low ear placement (IC97875) were identified (Fig.4.4). Superior accessions identified in some crops are shown in fig. 4.5 and 4.6. Fig. 4.4: Maize accessions. A: With early maturity (IC97878); B: With short plant height and low ear placement (IC97875).
Fig. 4.5: A: Erect, tall and lodging tolerant accession Fig. 4.6: A: Early maturing & dwarf type (IC343199) in IC553601 with around 120 cm height; B: Mungbean Brassica rapa var. toria; B: Broom type silique germplasm variability for pod length, width and grains/ (IC355399A) in B. rapa var. brown sarson. pod. Table 4.1: Superior accessions in different crops for various important traits.
Crop Characters Superior accessions Triticum aestivum Days to heading ( < 69) EC0597826, EC0597840, EC0637483, EC0637484, EC0637488, IC0590878, EC0520987, IC0078935-A Grains per spike (> 80) IC0594934 , EC0635770, EC0597886, EC0597855, EC0595292, EC0635827, EC0635781, IC0346064, EC0610966 1000 grain weight (>57.16g) EC0772671, IC0599622, IC0591118, IC0546268, IC0277737, IC0538741, EC0635757, IC0591052, IC0145953 , IC0598198, IC0538805
T. durum Days to heading (< 77) IC0277754, IC0277729, IC0277743, IC0591105, IC0277755, IC0277758 Grains per spike ( > 64) IC0591090, IC0594620, IC0588746, IC0593846, EC0612484, IC0599613, IC0587034, EC0243405, IC0594617 1000 grain weight (>34.2g) EC0598087, EC0598316, EC0598306, EC0612321, EC0598086, EC0598088, EC0598090, IC0277746, EC0612484
T. dicoccum Days to heading (< 94) IC0599917, IC0277712,IC0593663, IC0593664 (<94.00) Grains per spike ( > 39.66) IC0277712, IC0590876, IC0599916, IC0593664, IC0591073, IC0590877
48 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 1000 grain weight (>55g) IC0411578, IC0599917, IC0599916, IC0590877, IC0591073(>55.00)
Hordeum vulgare Days to spike emergence (<55 ) EC578711, EC578717
ssp.hexastichum Spike length (>13 cm) IC283590, IC118656 Plant height (>140 cm ) EC578693, EC578707
Hordeum vulgare Days to spike emergence (<70) IC542151 ssp. distichum Spike length >13 cm IC113052 100 grain weight >5 g EC520242, EC492335
Hordeum vulgare Days to spike emergence (<55) EC362267, EC578792 var. nudum Spike length >12 cm IC73636, IC113052 100 grain weight >5 g IC393962
Maize Days to tassel (< 40) IC97875, IC97877, IC97878, IC97885, IC97881, IC98281, IC98290, IC381421 100 seed weight ( > 30 g) EC 894807, IC556397, IC556425, IC568298, IC83153, IC77195, IC77087, IC77165, IC77185 No. of cobs/plant (>2) IC77395, IC77144, IC130786, IC98161, IC109660, IC130687, IC130733, IC130734, IC130764, TR-15, TR-121, TR-29, TR-48
Brassica juncea Early maturing (<98days) IC589691, EC766320, IC426386, IC426394, IC422169, IC426403 No. of siliqua on main branch (>81) EC367885, IC491077, IC491111 Seeds/siliqua (>30) IC426322, IC313380
B. napus Dwarf habit (<97 cm) IC399684 Length of main branch (>65 cm) EC657049, EC338994, EC338987, EC620103, EC520745 Siliqua length (>5.0 cm) IC491586, EC338997 Seed/siliqua (>19) EC338987, EC338997, IC491586
Linseed 1000 SW>8g IC0096490, IC0096488, IC0096489 and IC96543 Days to maturity ( < 105) IC0096539, IC0096496, IC0096549 and IC0096511
Lentil Days to flowering ( < 58) IC560111, IC560123 Pods/plant ( > 257) IC208329, IC560167, IC321535 Days to maturity ( < 100) EC223233(100), EC267694(100) Clusters/plant ( > 100) EC223224, EC225488B, EC559648
Pea 50% flowering (=59) EC538005, IC342730
Pods/plant (>134) IC417878, IC396802, IC356190, IC356166
Cowpea Fodder type EC723771, EC725106, EC723662, EC723995, EC723908 Large seeded & stay green IC202793
Green gram Seeds/pod ( > 14) IC76367, IC283547, IC12127, PLM86, PLM133, IC332154, EC396105 Pod length ( > 14 cm) EC398937, EC398886 Plant height ( > 100 cm) IC553601, PLM660, PLM779, IC52044 100 Seed weight(>7.5 g) EC398923, EC398884, EC398919 Early maturity (<55) IC76422, PLM776, IC76417, PLM305
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM EVALUATION 49 Black gram 100 seed weight (>5 g) PLU494, PLU548, IC472035, PLU639, IC472018, PLU53A, IC530468 Early maturity (<52 days) IC274045, ICNC-61059, IC250225, IC393554
Bottle gourd Fruits/ plant (>10) IC204890, IC256043 Segmented leaf IC539701 and IC539702 Fruit length(cm) (>36) IC319840, IC522866, IC339199 Vine length (m) (>9) IC256043, IC052256
Cucumber Flowers per node (2) IC257296
Amaranth Days to 50% flowering (<61) SKGPA-146, SKGPA-144, SKGPA-145 Inflorescence length ( >48cm ) SKGPA-153, SKGPA-155, SKGPA-149
Faba bean Days to 50% flowering (<69) EC25085, ICNDF-8, ICHB-63, ICHB-28 No. of pods per plant ( >33) NDF-8, HB-71 & EC117744 No. of seeds per pod (>4) NDF-8, EC117744, HB-37 & HB-5
Chenopodium Days to 50% flowering (<59) IC411825, EC507739, EC507740 Inflorescence length (>24 cm) EC507738, EC507749, EC507740
4.1.2 Screening of germplasm for biotic stress Abelmoschus caillei (24), A. manihot (17), resistance: Preliminary screening for yellow mosaic A. tetraphyllus (76), A. moschatus (87) and A. disease (YMD) in mungbean (770) and urdbean (771); tuberculatus (65) was evaluated for okra yellow vein and fruit and shoot borer (FSB) in brinjal wild species mosaic and okra enation leaf curl diseases (OYVMD Solanum incanum (55) were done under natural field & OELCD) under natural conditions along with conditions. Cowpea (100) were evaluated against susceptible check Pusa Sawani during Kharif 2016-17. Callosobruchus maculatus (bruchid) under artificial All the accessions of Abelmoschus caillei, A. manihot, seed infestation. A total of 285 accessions of various A. tetraphyllus and A. tuberculatus were found crops viz., lentil (105), cowpea (130) and pea (50) susceptible. In advanced screening, a total of 86 was evaluated for their host status to root-knot accessions of okra wild species Abelmoschus nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita under pot moschatus were evaluated during Kharif 2017 for culture. Based on number of root galls, three OYVMD and OELCD diseases under natural conditions accessions of cowpea and one accession of lentil were alongwith susceptible check Pusa Sawani. The list of found superior against M. incognita. A total of 269 superior accessions is given in table 4.2 and few accessions of okra wild species comprising accessions are shown in fig. 4.7 and 4.8.
Fig. 4.7: Mungbean germplasm showing high resistance against Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD). A: IC118998; B: IC472115.
50 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Table 4.2: Evaluation of different crop germplasm for biotic stresses.
Crop (acc.) Diseases/pests* Promising accessions Check
Preliminary screening Urdbean (771) YMD IC565025, IC530500, IC530500, Barabanki Local IC471995, IC530503, IC565253, IC616486, (Severity grade = 4) IC530510, IC616491, IC530610 (Severity grade < 1)
Green gram (770) YMD IC118998, IC119006, K-1, IC296169, Pusa Vishal (Severity PLM76, IC113890, IC548274, IC548275, grade = 4) IC472115, IC364130, IC305284, IC305286, IC519661, IC76601, EC396103EC396143 (Severity grade < 1)
Cowpea (100) Callosobruchus EC528330, EC528410 and EC528425 Pusa Sukomal (Adult maculatus (<10 adults) emergence = 15)
Wild okra OYVMD and EC360735, EC360855, EC360911, Pusa Sawani OELCD EC360900-A, EC360830, EC360665, EC361003, EC361022, EC361018, EC359787 Leaf hopper EC360586, EC360794, EC360830, Pusa Sawani EC360900, EC359730, EC359836, EC359870, EC 360351, EC361171
Brinjal wild FSB IC253963-A, IC620612, IC421594, species (55) IC253952, IC203595, IC421593, IC539855 -
**YMD= Yellow mosaic disease, FSB = Fruit and shoot borer
Fig. 4.8: Accessions of A. moschatus showing resistance for okra yellow vein mosaic (OYVMD) and okra enation leaf curl (OELCD) disease. 4.1.3 Evaluation for abiotic stresses: During the one pre-sowing irrigation was given. The data were period under report, evaluation for wheat (minicore), recorded for 24 morpho-physiological traits. Drought rice, maize and urdbean was undertaken for various tolerant accessions with DSI (<0.5) for grain yield were abiotic stresses viz., drought and water logging. The identified as IC111787, IC542764A, EC578153, details are provided below. IC542051 and IC542063. Also, donors for component traits were identified: IC539313, IC47022B, EC578142, Evaluation of wheat germplasm against IC539316 for large seed size (>62.5g); IC542051, EC moisture stress: Wheat minicore (228 acc.) was 445157, IC542645, EC578153, IC531862 for grains evaluated against moisture stress at NBPGR farm in per spike (>70). augmented block design (ABD) with checks Raj3765, HD2967, C306 and WR544. These accessions were Evaluation of rice germplasm against moisture grown under irrigated (normal) and rainfed (moisture stress: Under NICRA project, 84 rice accessions stress) conditions. In case of rainfed condition, only selected from previous year experiment were
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM EVALUATION 51 Fig. 4.9: Rice germplasm against abiotic stress. A: Rice accession NR-16 with high tillering; B: Rice accession IC390958 with early maturity; C: Comparative performance of GP 267(IC-538351) and Nagina 22 for root traits. evaluated against moisture stress at farm of ICAR- NRCPB, New Delhi in RBD under optimum condition, rainfed condition and rainout shelter with four checks namely IR64, N22, Swarna and Vandana. Stress was initiated after 40 days of transplanting. Life saving irrigation was done when more than 80 % plants showed leaf rolling at high score after one month of stress. Observations were recorded for 24 agro- morphological and physiological traits. Trait specific germplasm were identified for component traits of drought tolerance in rice: long panicle (>24 cm)-NR- Fig. 4.10: Urdbean: IC422061 (susceptible) and IC530491 6, NR-11, NR-12 and RSR/SKY-47; short plant height (tolerant) for waterlogging. (< 70 cm) -RSR-2/JLM-2, SKSS-16; high relative water Maize: A total of 109 maize accessions were content (>0.80)- NR3, NR-11 and NR-17; stay green evaluated under rainfed condition for second year ability (>0.60 NDVI)-RSR/SKY-46, NR-1 and NR-8; screening agaisnt drought tolerence. Under rainfed high effective tillers > 12 (RSR-2/JLM-3, NR16, KP/VT/ condition, following accessions were identified to be AM-2057); proline content (≥ 38.6 μMg-1 fresh superior: IC449437, IC337023, IC556418, EC632067, weight)-NR-17, NR-18, NR-11, PTP/DC-61, RSR2/JLM- EC639238, EC639310, EC639314, EC639316, 39, NR-3, RSR2/JLM-12, NR-22, JCR-1609, RSR2/ IC280444, IC369826, IC344692 and IC552819 JLM-6 (Fig. 4.9A and B). In another experiment, 50 (anthesis silk interval <2); IC344692, IC447803, rice genotypes were studied for root traits at seedling IC447806, IC447809, (day to tasseling<40 days); stage (30 days after sowing). Total root length varied IC326090, EC639310, EC656169, IC280170, from 54.6 to 57.84 cm and surface area ranged from IC280457 (stay green habit). 2 2.9 to 56.6 cm among the genotypes. Rooting depth Evaluation of urdbean germplasm against was in the range of 6.7 to 21.6 cm. Surface area (22.2 waterlogging: An experiment was conducted in 2 cm ) and total root length (217.6 cm) was higher in urdbean (150 acc.) for waterlogging tolerance. Stress GP267(IC-538351) as compared to Nagina 22 (surface was imposed by lining the pots with the polythene 2 area 9.2 cm and total root length 135 cm). GP267 bags to avoid drainage. Water content was (IC-538351)yielded better under rainfed conditions as maintained 2 cm above the soil surface by regularly compared to Nagina 22 (Fig. 4.9 C). watering the plants. Stress was imposed at seedling
52 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 stage (30d after sowing) for a period of 10 days. IC257764 (40.98%) were superior in comparison to Yellowing of leaves and wilting were the visible check Neelam (38.9%). symptoms in response to stress (Fig. 4.10). Although Anti-nutritional content: Glucosinolate content was flowering was observed in 28 genotypes, pod analyzed in rapeseed-mustard (350 acc.). EC386781, formation was evident only in 17 genotypes (IC530491, EC634291, EC634396, EC699026, EC699031 and IC530489, IC472047, IC519930, IC421950, IC355399A (B. juncea); IC23026 (B. rapa var. toria); IC361475, IC519924, DG 369, PLU514, PLU772, EC766333 and IC313380 (B. chinensis); IC399844 (B. PLU782, PLU1294, PLU 776, PLU645, PLU937, PLU rapa var. yellow sarson); IC405232 (B. napus); 578 and CO4). IC262107 (B. rapa var. toria) were found containing 4.1.4 Biochemical evaluation: Biochemical <30 μmoles glucosinolate g-1 of defatted seed meal. evaluation for quality traits in oilseeds and wheat; anti- Quality evaluation of wheat mini core subset: nutritional factors in oilseeds; organic acid profiling in Wheat mini core subset (174 acc.) were analysed for Citrus; phytochemical traits and fatty acid composition sedimentation value and gluten content. Sedimentation in medicinal and aromatic plants; non-destructive value ranged from 12 (IC335683 and EC577738) to (NIRS based) prediction model in amaranth and 75 mL (IC539316, IC375938). Gluten content ranged buckwheat for quality traits; were performed. from 24.4 to 49.6%. Accessions IC252772 (24.4%) Quality evaluation of oilseeds: Linseed and IC566636 (24.8%) had minimum gluten content. germplasm (200) were analyzed for oil content for Development and validation of NIRS based second year in a row. The oil content ranged from non-destructive evaluation method: Amaranth 30.33 to 42.99 per cent. The superior accessions (600 acc.) and buckwheat (190 acc.) were previously include IC96490 (42.9%) and IC268345 (42.7%) in scanned on Foss NIRS 6500 from 400-2500nm. comparison to checks Rashmi (37.25%) and RLC76 Evaluation data for oil, protein, fatty acids and amino (38.16%). In rapeseed-mustard (250 acc.), oil content acid for 150 accessions was used to develop a ranged from 28.79-46.47% and accessions IC262137 prediction model for these crops. Crop specific (43.88%), IC491430 (42.70%), IC394357 (42.70%), calibration equation for oil, protein and fatty acids was IC342991 (42.66%), IC281700 (42.51%), IC312545 developed using 100 accessions, which was validated (42.28%), IC341108 (42.08%), IC262161 (44.38%; B. on 50 accessions for generating prediction model. For juncea var. rugosa) out performed the check Rajat essential amino acids combined prediction model of (40.2%). IC332762 (46.47%), EC766118 (46.39%) amaranth and buckwheat was developed. Coefficient and IC491577 (45.87%) of B. rapa var. yellow sarson of correlation (r2) in external validation for most of the performed better than the check YST-151 (43.57 %). traits was > 0.8 and ratio of standard deviation to IC399846 (43.47%) and IC363055 (43.17%) of B. standard error of prediction was > 2.0, which qualifies rapa var. brown sarson were superior in comparison the model as a good tool for non-destructive screening to check BSH-1 (39%). IC342986 (43.04%) of B. rapa purpose. Using this model, predicted results are var. toria outperformed the check Bhawani (39%). In presented in tables 4.3 and 4.4. B. napus, IC405232 (41.36%), IC279074 (41.33%) and
Table 4.3: Oil and protein as per cent grain weight and fatty acids as per cent proportion in oil for amaranth and buckwheat. Quality Amaranth Buckwheat traits Range Mean Range Mean (%) (%) Superior acc. (%) (%) Superior acc. Oil 6.90-11.8 9.64 IC038185, IC038141 1.56-2.92 2.307 IC109313, IC107961 Protein 8.20-14.1 10.51 EC328895, IC042344 - - - Palmitic acid 15.5-21.8 19.8 IC035408, EC146502 13.2-18.5 15.7 IC386667, IC108517 Stearic acid - - 2.34-3.54 2.92 IC024300, IC016579 Oleic acid 19.9-44.5 26.8 IC038193, IC035432 39.5-47.7 43.4 IC024301, IC017370 Linoleic acid 39.9-58.0 48.0 IC038204, IC038176 30.4-38.6 34.5 IC202268, IC042418 Linolenic acid 0.31-1.63 1.08 IC038113 1.74-4.84 3.33 IC037289, IC107925
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM EVALUATION 53 Table 4.4: Essential amino acid composition (g/16g N) in amaranth and buckwheat.
Essential Amaranth Buckwheat Amino Range Mean Range Mean Acid (%) (%) Superior acc. (%) (%) Superior acc. Arg+Thr 8.54-15.26 11.90 IC146513, IC146513 10.96-13.75 12.23 IC037277
Phenylalanine 1.74-3.90 2.42 EC018874, IC551466 3.28-4.71 4.09 IC049669
Valine 3.61-4.87 4.03 IC016579, EC151544 3.63-4.72 4.28 IC049669
Histidine 3.05-6.08 4.58 IC329179, IC387249 2.63-4.21 3.22 IC107616
Methionine 0.93-2.75 1.89 IC038181, IC035700 0.69-1.59 1.19
Cystine 1.17-2.04 1.75 IC423468 1.83-2.29 2.05 IC108506 Leucine 4.34-5.82 4.81 IC551466 4.89-5.42 5.17 IC049669
Isoleucine 2.24-3.43 2.58 IC151544 2.21-3.00 2.62 IC049669
Lysine 5.50-7.83 7.16 IC038264, IC146513 5.68-6.43 6.06 IC107293
Table 4.5: Quality trait analysis for medicinal and aromatic plants.
Plant Name No. of Plant part Active Range (%) Superior (Common name) acc. used compound Accessions Ocimum species (Basil) 80 Fresh herb Essential oil content 0.04 - 0.27(FWB) IC469904, IC436153 Trigonella foenum 35 Dry seeds Diosgenin content 0.02 - 0.27(DWB) - -graecum (Methi) Dry seeds Fixed oil content 2.18-5.91(DWB)
Dioscorea species 14 Dry tubers Diosgenin content 0.001- 0.003 (DWB) - (7) (Yam) Mucuna pruriens 6 Dry seeds L-3,4-dihydroxy 6.12 – 7.26 (DWB) IC599290 (7.26%) var. pruriens phenylalanine (Kewanch) (L-dopa)
Moringa oleifera 19 Dry seeds Fixed oil content 26.51- 36.14(DWB) IC613367I (Drumstick) C613365
Organic acids profiling using HPLC: Organic acid Essential oil profiling in Ocimum (80 acc.) using GC/ profiling in Citrus (46 acc.) using HPLC (Atlantis T3 MS showed presence of four major chemotypes - linalool rich (EC174527, EC388895); methyl chavicol column) with 0.002N H2SO4 as mobile phase was performed. This method can effectively resolve ten rich (EC338781, IC381552, IC469904); eugenol rich organic acids viz., oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, (IC075730) and mixed type (linalool and methyl malonic acid, ascorbic acid, α-keto glutarate, acetic chavicol). acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid. Mainly Fatty acid composition of medicinal plants: Fatty five organic acids were found and the range in μg μL-1 acid profiles of oil from Moringa oleifera (19 acc.), were as follows: oxalic acid (0.163-17.1), tartaric acid Trigonella (35 acc.) and Ocimum (20 acc. comprising (0.068-2.78), malic acid (0.019-27.4), ascorbic acid five different species) seeds are presented in table 4.6. (0.006-0.318) and citric acid (0.261-35.3) indicating Moringa oil had high oleic acid content (65.9-79.7 %) a good range of variability among 46 accessions. with highest in IC585839. Trigonella seed oil was rich Phytochemical evaluation of medicinal and in unsaturated fatty acids, viz., linoleic acid (33.9 – aromatic plants: Medicinal and aromatic plants 50.5 %) and linolenic acid (28.8 – 48.8 %). Ocimum (154 acc.) were evaluated for various quality traits germplasm showed identical fatty acid profile with and the range values along with superior accessions linolenic acid (55.8 – 72.9 %) as the most abundant are provided in table 4.5. fatty acid present in all the species studied.
54 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 4.2 Evaluation under CRP on agro- millet (1,000), rapeseed-mustard (1,112), chickpea biodiversity (250) and okra (560) were evaluated at AICRP centres/ hotspots for agronomic traits, biotic and abiotic Under CRP on Agro-biodiversity, a total of 4,463 stresses. Superior accessions identified for various traits accessions comprising rice (1,000), wheat (541), finger are given in the table 4.7 and fig. 4.11.
Table 4.6: Fatty acid composition in seeds of some medicinal plants.
Fatty acid Moringa oleifera Trigonella foenum-graecum Ocimum species Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean Palmitoleic acid 1.1 - 4.0 2.1 - - - - Palmitic acid 10.2 - 18.0 13.5 11.5 - 17.0 13.1 6.4 - 15.7 10.1 Oleic acid 65.9 - 79.7 72.5 - - - - Linoleic acid - - 33.9 - 50.5 40.6 17.4 - 26.9 21.9 Linolenic acid - - 28.8 - 48.8 41.7 55.8 - 72.9 63.9 Stearic acid 2.7 - 5.5 3.8 2.5 - 4.5 3.4 2.3 - 7.1 3.7 Elaidic acid 0.6 - 5.4 2.5 - - - - Cis-11-Eicosenoic acid 1.4 - 2.8 1.8 - - - - Arachidic acid 1.0 - 2.8 1.7 0.6 - 1.9 1.0 - -
Table 4.7: Superior accessions in different crops for various important traits.
Crops Locations Promising accessions
Wheat GBPUAT, Pantnagar; Yellow, brown and black rust: IC445528, IC543364, EC277170, DWR, Karnal; IARI RS, EC276682, EC276887, IC543115, EC299324, EC578142, IC335583, Wellington; PAU, EC276983, EC277323, EC276920, IC276717 Ludhiana; BHU, Powdery mildew and loose smut: IC539481, IC469432, Varanasi; VPKAS, IC529896, IC536123, IC531059, IC 420932, IC566635, IC118721, Almora; ARI Pune; EC576272, IC536075, EC575676, EC257848, IC531501, IC531381, UBKV, Coochbehar IC531219, IC531257 Spot blotch: IC564121, IC549372, IC529684, IC443669, IC443652, IC469447, IC73386, IC529962, IC530108, IC548325, IC540909, IC530151, EC178071-331 Salinity tolerance: IC543390, IC144921, IC529374, IC59610, IC445343, EC635637, IC 329444, EC663921, IC415939, IC443750, EC635570, IC539574, IC78822 Drought tolerance: IC31614, IC31525, IC28620, IC443738, IC28669, IC401979, IC401941, IC252376, IC539531, IC542494 Protein content (>15%) (3 loc.): EC 576463, IC 17514, EC576576, IC547637, EC405359
Rapeseed- PAU, Ludhiana; DRMR, White rust: IC265495, IC313380, EC766091, EC766133, EC766134, Mustard Bharatpur; GBPUAT, EC766192, EC766230, EC766272 Pantnagar, PAU, Oil content (43.2-44.2%): EC766064, EC766067, EC766070, RARS Bhatinda EC766071, EC766097, EC766203, EC766286, EC766440. Siliqua on main shoot (>80): EC766325 Seeds/ siliqua (>17): EC766198, IC426383
Chick pea JNKV, Jabalpur; Ascochyta blight: IC275447, IC117744, IC272461, IC248147, RARI, Durgapura; ICC3625, ICC4381, EC223490, EC267186, IC209317, EC267301,
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM EVALUATION 55 HPKV, Dhaulakuan; IC209317, IC209641, IC244384, IC268873, IC269305, IC275853, PAU, Ludhiana ICC3687, ICC3733, ICC3997, ICC4330, ICC7080, ICC4213, ICC4407 Dry root rot: IC413984, IC397375, IC487359 , IC95082, IC83703, IC83854, IC83819, IC116347 Collar rot: IC267112, IC271922, IC327563, IC486170, IC487359, IC512061, IC413984, IC397375, ICC4295, IC327563 Fusarium wilt: IC267112, IC271922, IC327563, IC486759, IC487359, IC512061 Grain yield (g): ICC4321, IC305457 BGM: IC327930, IC546321, ICC6881, IC251727 Drought: IC84023, EC442228, IC116341, IC116453, IC84019, IC116336, IC83536, EC442300, IC83870
Okra IIHR Bengaluru; Yellow vein mosaic disease: IC 042484-B, IC116970, IC 010256-A ICAR-NEH, Shillong; Cercospora leaf spot: IC523720 PAU, Ludhiana; BCKV, Leaf hopper and whitefly: EC016974 GBPUAT, Pantnagar; Whitefly and fruit borer: IC116993 and IC117328 Kalyani; IIVR, Varanasi; MPKV, Rahuri; RAU, Durgapura; NBPGR, New Delhi
Fig. 4.11: A: Screening of wheat germplasm for drought tolerance (CCSHAU, Hissar); B & C: Superior accessions showing Ascochyta blight resistance (PAU, Ludhiana).
4.3 Pre-breeding and genetic enhancement Transfer of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Disease resistance from wild Vigna species to the cultivated Generation advancement for a total of 228 lentil inter- mungbean varieties along with mungbean genetic base specific derivatives developed using Lens ervoides and broadening were initiated. Around 500 intra- and L. orientalis (wild lentils) with L. culinaris (cultivated) inter-specific crosses were made utilizing mungbean were done through single seed descent method. Short promising germplasm lines and V. umbellata and V. -1 internode and high seeds plant from L. ervoides mungo. species (ILL10829 × ILWL30) and high number of pods plant-1 from L. orientalis species (ILL8006 × ILWL62) 4.4 Documentation are the traits transferred to the cultivated lentil varieties. A total of 11,807 accessions of various crops were These derivatives (F ) are being evaluated for agro- 9 characterized and evaluated during Rabi 2016-17 at morphological traits. Many recombinant inbred lines ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi (10,077) and its Regional in each cross type were identified, which were Stations namely Akola (120), Bhowali (981), Cuttack promising for various traits. (50), Hyderabad (45), Shimla (168), Srinagar (366).
56 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 The same was compiled and documented as “Annual (530) were supplied to various cooperating centres Report on Characterization and Evaluation of Rabi for detailed evaluation. Crops (2016-17)”. 4.6 Active germplasm holding 4.5 Germplasm supply A total of 34,482 accessions of various crops During the period, a total of 9,256 accessions of comprising wheat (8,273), barley (4,941), maize various crops, viz., wheat (3,366), barley (291), maize (2,000), pulses and legumes (7,591), okra (1,703), (190), rice (4189), pulses (327), oilseeds (38), brinjal (2,932), tomato (548), bottle gourd (400), ridge vegetable crops (712) and medicinal and aromatic gourd (261), sponge gourd (310), ash gourd (236), plants (143) were supplied to 69 indenters belonging Brassica (3,130), linseed (400), potential crops (1,487) to ICAR Institutes, SAUs and other research and medicinal and aromatic plants (270) were organizations engaged in crop improvement maintained in medium term storage. In addition, programmes. In addition, under CRP on Agro- Vetiver (131), Palmarosa (55), Asparagus (22), giloe biodiversity, a total of 2,816 accessions comprising (25), Aloe (50) and other medicinal and aromatic plants wheat (1,036), rice (1,000), chickpea (250) and okra (40) were maintained in field gene bank.
Research programme (Code: Title, Programme leader): PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL-01.00 Characterization, evaluation and documentation of genetic resources of agri-horticultural crops (JC Rana (till 31st Aug 2017), Ashok Kumar (w.e.f. 01st Sep. 2017) Research programme (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates): PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.01 Characterization, evaluation and documentation of wheat, barley and triticale germplasm (Jyoti Kumari, Sandeep Kumar, Sundeep Kumar, Vikender Kaur, Ruchi Bansal, SK Kaushik and YS Rathi) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.02 Characterization, evaluation and documentation of maize germplasm (Ashok Kumar, Jyoti Kumari, Ishwar Singh and RK Sharma) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.03 Characterization, evaluation and documentation of pulses germplasm (NK Gautamam, Rakesh Bhardwaj, TV Prasad (upto 06th July 2017), Ruchi Bansal, Soma Marla, Jameel Akhtar, Gayacharan, Kuldeep Tripathi, Kumari Shubha, Mamta Singh (wef 10th Oct. 2017) and Babu Ram) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.04 Characterization, evaluation and documentation of oilseeds germplasm (Rashmi Yadavadav, Sandeep Kumar, Vikender Kaur, Kuldeep Tripathi, Vijay Singh Meena (wef 21st Mar. 2017), Mamta Singh (wef 10th Oct. 2017) and BL Meena) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.05 Characterization, evaluation and documentation of vegetable and ornamental crop germplasm (KK Gangopadhyay, Rakesh Srivastava, SK Yadav, TV Prasad (upto 06th July 2017), Vinod Kumar Sharma (wef 22nd July 2017), Pragya (wef 17th July 2017), Ruchi Bansal, BH Gawade (wef 12th July 2017), Pooja Kumari (wef 12th July 2017), P Anitha (till 30th June 2017), Gayacharan, Kumari Shubha, VS Meena (wef 21st Mar. 2017) and Bharat Bhushan (wef 20th June 2017)) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.06 Biochemical evaluation of field and vegetable crops germplasm (Rakesh Bhardwajaj, Sandeep Kumar, Manjusha Verma, Reetu (upto 05th July 2017), Bharat Bhushan (wef 20th June 2017) , VS Meena (wef 21st Mar. 2017) and Poonam Suneja) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.07 Characterization and evaluation of medicinal and aromatic plants germplasm (Archana P Rainaaina, Ashok Kumar, Ishwar Singh, Rakesh Singh, Reetu (upto 05th July 2017) and BS Panwar) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.08 Evaluation for biotic stress tolerance in field and vegetable crops (TV Prasad (upto 06th July 2017), Z Khan, Rakesh Bhardwaj, KK Gangopadhyay Rakesh Srivastava, Reetu (upto 05th July 2017) and Kumari Shubha) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.09 Evaluation for abiotic strers tolerance in field crops germplasm stress (Ruchi Bansal, Vikender Kaur, Rashmi Yadav, Jyoti Kumari and MC Yadav) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.10 Characterization of wild species and pre-breeding in selected crops (JC Rana (upto 20th July 2017), VK Sharma (wef 22nd July 2017), Gayacharan, KK Gangopadhyay, NK Gautam, Mohar Singh, MK Rana, Kuldeep Tripathi, and M Latha) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.11 Characterization, evaluation and documentation of underutilized crops germplasm (SK Kaushikaushik, BS Phogat, SK Yadav, Hanuman Lal, Archana P Raina and Rakesh Srivastava) PGR/GEV-BUR-DEL.01.12 Application of statistical techniques in management of information on plant genetic resources (Hanuman LalLal)
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM EVALUATION 57 DIVISION OF GENOMIC RESOURCES 5 Summary: Total 261 samples consisting of 22 crops received from public and private sector organizations were DNA fingerprinted. Genetic diversity were studied for rice (37), littlemillet (46), Mucuna (25), fingermillet (66), bottlegourd (29), barley (88), and Luffa (55). Developed novel InDel based STS marker to differentiate traditional Basmati from non-Basmati. Sequence diversity for HKT2(1-7A), PGI, and Fla, in wheat; CNGC gene family in pigeonpea were investigated. Transcript abundance for eight FAD3 and six DGAT genes involving fatty acid biosynthesis were analysed in seeds (developmental stages) of Brassica juncea var. Varuna. Putative orthologs of regulators of Kranz anatomy in maize (cytoskeleton related
protein, kinases and TFs) were compared to distinguish between C4 and C3 (Poaceae) at amino acid level. Wheat (954 acc.) were evaluated for various yield and phenology related traits under timely, late and extremely late sown conditions. In a study comprising 221 linseed accessions characterized for agro-morphological traits, two accessions viz., IC0096648 and IC0096637 were identified for early flowering trait. A total of 500 genomic resources representing 23 crops were added to NGRR during 2017. An efficient and rapid screening method was developed using LAMP targeting rice actin promoter (P- ract) and nos promoter (P-nos). Validated event-specific real-time PCR assays were used to detect unapproved GM cotton events viz., MON1445 and MON88913 for herbicide tolerance. As an initiative to develop screening diagnostics for stacked GM events, GMO matrix with 24 genetic elements comprising 35 GM events (cotton) approved globally was developed for a decision support system.
5.1 DNA fingerprinting Table: 5.1: Sample details subjected for DNA Two hundred and sixty one samples comprising of fingerprinting during 2017. various crops (Table 5.1) from public and private sector organizations were fingerprinted as a part of DNA Crop Scientific Name No. of samples fingerprinting services resulting in generation of samples resources worth Rupees two lakh and eighty-four Almond Prunus dulcis 04 thousand. Arecanut Areca catechu 21 Chickpea Cicer arietinum 04 5.1.1 DNA fingerprinting of rice landraces: SSR markers (41) from across the genome used to study Clusterbean Cyamopsis 01 tetragonoloba genetic diversity and population structure for 37 rice Cotton Gossypium sp. 30 landraces from West Bengal had grouped them into three major clusters. A total of 126 alleles were Frenchbean Phaseolus vulgaris 14 Lentil Lens culinaris 01 Linseed Linum usitatissimum 02 Maize Zea mays 40 Mungbean Vigna radiata 05 Mustard Brassica sp. 03 Paddy Oryza sativa 40 Pea Pisum sativum 01 Pearl millet Pennisetum glaucum 15 Pigeonpea Cajanus cajan 13 Ragi Eleusine coracana 46 Raya Brassica juncea 02 Sesame Sesamum indicum 08 Sorghum Sorghum bicolor 04 Sunflower Helianthus annuus 01 Urdbean Vigna mungo 03 Wheat Triticum aestivum 01 Fig. 5.1: Principal Coordinate analysis for 37 rice landraces from West Bengal. Total 261
58 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 5.2: Genetic relationship in millets. A: Little millet; B: Finger millet. amplified ranging between 2-5, with an average of Jharkhand and Kerala were profiled using 31 EST-SSR 3.07 alleles per locus. Gene diversity ranged from 0.29 primers and it yielded 78 alleles. UPGMA cluster to 0.68 (x = 0.41) and hetergyzosity ranged from 0.02 analysis revealed two major groups loosely coinciding to 0.70 (x = 0.13). The major allele frequency varied with geographical origin; one with all the 43 landraces from 0.34 to 0.98 (x = 0.68) and the PIC value ranged and other with three cultivars (Fig. 5.2A). from 0.03 to 0.61. Principal coordinate analysis Finger millet landraces (46) along with three varieties revealed the landraces subjected for analysis are GPU 28, PR 202 and Dapoli safed 1 were genotyped diverse (Fig.5.1). using 30 SSRs. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed that 5.1.2 DNA profiling in millets: Little millet (43 all the landraces except Kandi Kan and Konga ragi landraces and 3 cultivars) from Andhra Pradesh, could be distinguished using 83 alleles (Fig. 5.2B). Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan,
Fig. 5.3: Diversity analyses in Mucuna pruriens. A: SCoT markers; B: CBDP markers.
DIVISION OF GENOMIC RESOURCES 59 5.1.3 Molecular characterization of Mucuna using 34 SSR markers. Representative gel pictures are given SCoT and CBDP markers: Mucuna pruriens (25) in fig. 5.4. collected from different agro-ecological regions were 5.1.5 Development of rice varieties / germplasm studied using 21 SCoT and 14 CBDP markers. SCoT identification database: A database to identify rice markers yielded 134 alleles (x = 6.38 alleles per varieties/germplasm has been developed using 729 primer) with PIC values ranging from 0.064 to 0.48. diverse rice varieties with 35 SNP and 36 SSR markers UPGMA based clustering showed one major group in collaboration with ICAR-NRCPB and ICAR-IASRI, with one accession (IC589197) as an outlier (Fig. 5.3A). New Delhi (Fig. 5.5). It will be useful in identifying an CBDP markers yielded 80 alleles (x = 5.71 alleles per unknown sample by comparing its profile (SNP and primer) with PIC value ranging from 0.026 to 0.39. SSR) with this database. UPGMA clustering revealed three distinct groups (Fig. 5.3B). 5.1.4 Cucurbit DNA fingerprinting: Bottle gourd (29 cultivars) were subjected for DNA fingerprinting using
Fig. 5.5: Screenshot of the rice database developed.
5.2 Genetic diversity analysis 5.2.1. Genetic diversity analysis in Luffa acutangula and L. hermaphrodita: To assess the Fig. 5.4: Representative SSR profiles for bottle gourd genetic diversity in L. acutangula and L. cultivars. A: BGSSR-2302; B: BGSSR-32218; C: BGSSR- hermaphrodita, EST–SSR (Fig. 5.6A; developed using 44241 and D: BGSSR-37566.
Fig. 5.6: Diversity studies in 55 Luffa genotypes. A: EST-SSR; B: ISSR; C: Dendrogram.
60 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 L. cylindrica leaf transcriptome) and ISSR (Fig. 5.6B) 5.3 Generation and validation of molecular were used. Of the 191 EST- based SSR markers, 132 markers markers showed cross-species transferability. Diversity studies revealed grouping of the 55 Luffa genotypes 5.3.1 Development of a novel marker to into three major clusters (Fig. 5.6C). distinguish Basmati rice: A novel InDel based STS marker, which can be of potential use to differentiate 5.2.2 Genetic diversity assessment in Barley most of the traditional Basmati rice varieties from (Hordeum vulgare) germplasm: Rreleased cultivars evolved Basmati rice varieties and non-Basmati rice of barley (88) were profiled with 25 highly polymorphic varieties was developed (Fig. 5.8). This STS marker SSRs to assess genetic diversity. The study revealed was developed based on the presence of a 10 bp that varieties originating from a common centre deletion in the promoter region of lax1 gene in most of clustered together indicating reduced genetic diversity the traditional Basmati rice varieties. (Fig. 5.7). RD31 from Rajasthan and HBL391 from Himachal Pradesh were most diverse among the 5.3.2 Validation of SSR markers in bottle gourd: genotypes studied. Transcriptome based SSR markers (659) were
Fig. 5.8: InDel marker differentiating traditional Basmati from non-Basmati genotypes A: Representative gel picture showing 206 and 216 bp alleles; B: Alignment Fig. 5.7 Circular dendrogram depicting the genetic highlighting 10 bp InDel in the promoter region of lax1 diversity in 88 barley germplasm. gene.
Fig. 5.9: Representative gel profiles for 24 bottle gourd genotypes using transcriptome based SSRs.
DIVISION OF GENOMIC RESOURCES 61 validated using 24 bottle gourd genotypes. generated using PacBio, Illumina and IRYS platforms Representative polymorphic profiles are given in fig. at different read lengths. A total of 12,725 genes has 5.9. been identified and 89,272 SSRs mined from WGS assembly; dinucleotide repeats were the most 5.3.3 Validation of transcriptomic SSRs in finger prevalent type followed by the tri- and tetra- millet: Transcriptome based SSRs (231) were nucleotide repeats (Fig. 5.11). Forty SSR primers were developed and validated (Fig. 5.10) using a set of 20 validated using two accessions. Further finishing of the diverse finger millet genotypes. The 31 polymorphic genome is under progress. markers identified can be used for large scale genotyping and genetic diversity studies.
Fig. 5.10: Representative gel profiles using transcriptomic Fig. 5.11: Pie chart depicting the number of di-, SSRs with 20 finger millet genotypes. tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa- nucleotide SSRs in the black pepper genome. 5.3.4 Cross-species transferability of SSR markers 5.3.6 Polymorphism in wheat HKT2 (1-7A) gene: in wild Hordeum (barley) species: Cross-species In wheat, HKT2 (1-7A) is one of the candidate genes transferability of markers from cultivated Hordeum for salinity tolerance. Remarkably, higher level of (Barley) into wild Hordeum species was studied using sequence variation was observed in HKT2 (1-7A) gene 47 SSRs. H. spontaneum exhibited complete in the analyzed set of wheat genotypes contrasting transferability; while H. bulbosum, H. lechleri and H. for salinity tolerance trait. SNPs were present both in marinum respectively, showed 57.4, 37.6 and 35% coding (6) as well as non-coding (4) including UTR transferability of SSRs tested. regions (2); and in total, 12 SNPs and one InDel were 5.3.5 De novo sequencing of Piper nigrum genome: identified. Sequence alignment revealed five A draft genome of the black pepper landrace haplotypes (Table 5.2). Interestingly, prominent salt ‘Thottumuriyan’ of Kerala-Karnataka region (2n=26, tolerant genotypes possessed H2 haplotype. estimated genome size of 520Mb) has been
Table 5.2: SNP haplotypes for HKT 2 (1-7A) gene in wheat genotypes studied.
Haplotypes HKT 2 (1-7A) Positions (5' → 3’)
5 79 391 741 793 1230 1244 1481 1560 1608 1783 2133 2137
Chinese spring A G C C T G A G C C G A T (reference)
H1 ......
H2 (tolerant) . . . . C . G . . . . C .
H3 G A T A . C . T - T A . C
H4 G A T A . C . . - T A . C
H5 G A T A . C . T - T A C C
62 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 5.12: Phylogentic tree (PGI gene) in selected members of grass family.
Moreover, Kharchia and Krichauff (highly salt tolerant (E-MTAB-3103). Using the raw reads, RNA-Seq genotype from Australia) possessed the identical analysis was performed with wheat transcriptome haplotype suggesting presence of a common data (TAGI) as the reference dataset. Tissue-specific mechanism for salt tolerance in both the genotypes. expression of fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein Four SNPs (pos: 5, 27, 79 and 1481) were non- gene (Fla) transcripts was measured in RPKM values synonymous types, causing changes in amino acids. (Fig. 5.13) based on reads mapped against the The first three SNPs affected change in cytoplasmic transcript ids TC379245 and GH726097 pertaining region and fourth in the P-loop of the transporter protein to FLA gene. This gene (Fla) was found to be that might contribute to functional variation between negatively associated with yield of flour trait in wheat tolerant and susceptible genotype. and hence expressed at low levels in high-milling genotypes. 5.4 Genomic resources generation, conservation and validation 5.4.3 FAD3 and DGAT transcripts in Indian mustard: The Linolenic acid, a constituent fatty acid 5.4.1 In-silico characterization of Phosphoglucose in oil, is being synthesized by FAD3, an omega 3 isomerase (PGI) gene in wheat: The characterization desaturase; and DGAT (Diacylglycerol acyltransferase) of the PGI gene is important to know in detail about its catalyzes the final committed step of TAG biosynthesis role in starch biosynthesis. The protein sequence of that determines the oil content and composition. PGI in wheat (Triticum aestivum) from NCBI was Developing seeds (10,20,30 and 38 DAF) of Brassica analyzed and homeologous gene copies were identified on 1A, 1B and 1D chromosome. Orthologs of PGI gene in the grass family were also identified and their gene / protein structure was studied to understand its mechanism. Identified sequences of PGI (nucleotide and protein) from wheat and other species in grass family were subjected to multiple sequence alignment. Aligned sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree that revealed wheat PGI gene is very distant from that of rice; while, the barley PGI is closer (Fig. 5.12). 5.4.2 Quantification of Fla-gene expression in developing wheat grain tissues: Wheat transcriptome data for outer pericarp, inner pericarp, and endosperm tissues of developing wheat grains at 12 days-post-anthesis (in three biological replicates) Fig. 5.13: RPKM values for Fla gene transcript (TC379245 were downloaded from publicly available database and GH726097) expression in various tissues of developing wheat.
DIVISION OF GENOMIC RESOURCES 63 Fig. 5.14: Temporal variation in gene expression across seed’s developmental stages at 10, 20, 30, and 38 days after fertilization (DAF) in (A) FAD3; (B) DGAT. juncea var. Varuna, were subjected to transcripts’ Using bioinformatics approaches, distinction and abundance analyses that revealed eight FAD3 (Fig. similarity between selected C3 and C4 groups of 5.14A) and six DGAT (Fig. 5.14B) allelic forms being orthologs have been studied at amino acid levels. In differentially expressed across developmental stages. case of amino acid specifically conserved in putative Importantly, the peak expression of most FAD3 and orthologs of Kranz anatomy among C4 plant group one DGAT corresponds to the duration when there is against C3 plant group of Poaceae, largest number of a rapid TAG accumulation. such conservations were observed in proteins with completely unknown function followed by cytoskeleton 5.4.4 Comparison of putative regulators in Poaceae related protein, proteins with unknown domains, (C and C ) for Kranz anatomy: Putative positive/ 3 4 transcription factors and kinases category (Fig. 5.15). negative regulators (~300 genes) of Kranz anatomy in maize were retrieved and their orthologs were 5.4.5 Identification and characterization of CNGC identified in C4 (sorghum and fox-tail millet) as well as gene family in Cajanus cajan: Cyclic nucleotide-
C3 (rice, wheat and barley) crop plants from Poaceae. gated ion channel (CNGC) is one among the potential pathways of Ca uptake in signal transduction. CNGCs have been shown to play crucial role in defense signaling and responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study using whole genome data, CNGC gene family in pigeonpea that comprises 21 members was identified and characterized. On the basis of sequence similarity and phylogeny, they were grouped into four clusters (Fig. 5.16). The identified CNGCs have been named following orthologous nomenclature with reference to Arabidopsis CNGCs. The in-silico characterization of pigeonpea CNGCs was performed including sub-cellular localization, chromosomal locations, molecular weight, pI, and post translational modifications. Further, the conserved domains, motifs of CNGC were identified and defined at sequence level as well as at 3D structural levels. The mRNA Fig. 5.15: Putative regulators of Kranz anatomy: Conserved amino acids specific to C plants and expression of CNGCs in pigeonpea was studied using 4 SRA data and ESTs from public domain. respective changes in C3 plants were studied and highlighted.
64 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 identified for early flowering with respect to the check RLC76 (79d) at Delhi location. 5.4.8 Bioinformatic analyses and partial gene isolation: Brassica Juncea transcriptome data was analyzed and validated using Galaxy platform and an in-house designed RNA-Seq pipeline. Gene sequence of NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), against root knot nematode (RKN) resistance in Pisum sativum were mined from publicly available genome data. Primer sets were designed using NADP-ME orthologs from Soybean and L. esculentum. Two partial gene fragments (517 and 484) using the designed primers were sequenced and deposited in NCBI (KX347451 & KX231805). Identified NADP-malic enzyme genes could be a new source of donor for RKN resistance in Pisum sativum. Thirty cultivars were screened for RKN resistance and based on root gall index scoring, they were grouped into resistant (11), Fig. 5.16: Relationship of CNGC gene family members in pigeonpea using Arabidopsis CNGCs. partially resistant (3) and susceptible (16) cultivars. On the basis of root gall index scoring, the most resistant 5.4.6 Development of heat tolerant wheat for genotype was HFP8909; and the most susceptible South Asia: A total of 954 wheat accessions was genotype was Pant P-195. evaluated for various phenotypic traits viz., yield, chlorophyll fluorescence and cell membrane stability Table 5.3: National genomic resource repository under timely, late and extremely late sown condition (NGRR) submissions during 2017. during 2014-17 Rabi season at three different locations: Species No. of accessions Karnal, Hisar and New Delhi. Based on this study, Barley 20 promising accessions for different traits associated with Black gram 24 heat tolerance were identified. Chlorophyll Brassica rapa var. brown sarson 5 fluorescence (Fv/Fm): IC252840, IC252898, B. rapa var. yellow sarson 8 IC290335, IC 401988, IC416188, EC464033, B. juncea 55 EC445177 and EC445481; Cell membrane stability B. napus 4 B. nigra 1 (CMS): (CMS): IC252840, EC445382, EC445177, IC536013, B. oleracea (Cabbage) 14 EC 276823, IC 535726 and IC 252637; Stay green B. rapa var. Toria 10 habit: IC531176, IC564121, IC145815; 1000 grain B. tournefortii 2 weight (>40g), high Fv/Fm values (at all post Cotton 101 anthesis stages) and cell membrane stability Crambe filiformis 11 (> 45%): EC445320, EC445382, EC445481, C. hispanica subsp. abyssinica 11 IC252529, IC252832, IC290335 and IC539221; C. kralikii 6 C. glabrata 5 Stable genotypes with higher grain yield across C. hispanica subsp. hispanica 3 the location: IC111905, IC2965030, IC416272, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (clusterbean) 8 IC252832, IC335541, IC290332, IC539308, Eruca sativa 3 IC543428, IC536468, IC536517, IC531343, Green gram 25 IC527929. Lentil 16 Linum usitatissimum (Linseed) 1 5.4.7 Identification of early flowering germplasm Pea 3 accessions in linseed: During Rabi 2017, a set of 221 Pigeonpea 35 linseed (Linum usitatissimum) accessions were Sorghum 4 evaluated for flowering, maturity and yield related traits Wheat 125 at NBPGR farm. Two linseed germplasm accessions, Total 500 IC0096648 (52d) and IC0096637 (57d) were DIVISION OF GENOMIC RESOURCES 65 Fig. 5.17: Genomic resources for 5474 accessions comprising 44 crops conserved at NGRR.
5.4.9 Documentation and maintenance of NGRR mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeting rice database: A total of 5474 (Fig. 5.17) genomic actin promoter (P-ract) and nos promoter (P-nos). LAMP accessions comprising 44 crops are being maintained reactions were optimized at constant temperature of in the national genomic resource repository (NGRR) 63 °C for 30 min for P-ract and 65 °C for 45 min for P- database. This year (2017), 500 accessions nos. The developed LAMP assays showed acceptable comprising 23 crops were added (Table 5.3). specificity (Fig. 5.18) with limit of detection (LoD) up to Submissions are regularly updated in NGRR and the 0.05% for P-ract and 0.01% for P-nos. The practical same is available for users providing relevant applicability of assays was confirmed using proficiency available genomic resource information on ICAR- test samples of maize and spiked samples of cotton. NBPGR web page at http:// www.nbpgr.ernet.in:8080/NGRR/Home.aspx). 5.5.2 RT-PCR based detection for GM cotton 5.5 Marker development for GM detection events: Event-specific real-time PCR assays employing SYBR Green Chemistry were optimized and validated 5.5.1 LAMP based GMO screening: An efficient and to detect GM cotton events for herbicide tolerance rapid screening method was developed using loop- (Fig. 5.19A). This was performed using two events
Fig. 5.18: LAMP assay targeting P-ract. Green color: positive for P-ract. Orange: negative.
66 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 5.19: Detecting GM cotton using SYBR green based RT-PCR. A: Profile showing presence of MON1445 event; B: Melting curve profile simultaneously detecting nptII, pat and T-nos. unapproved in India viz., MON1445 (Roundup Ready) promoter and nos terminator and species identification and MON88913 (Roundup Ready Flex). Also, as an for cotton, maize, soybean and rice in three test initiative to develop screening matrix as a decision samples. Twelve GM detection laboratories, including support system for stacked GM events; a GMO matrix five from public sector had participated. comprising 35 stacked GM cotton events approved For quality globally with 24 genetic elements was developed. 5.5.5. International proficiency testings: assurance and global harmonization (as per ISO/IEC SYBR Green based real-time PCR assays 17043:2010) for checking unknown GM content / simultaneously targeting three common genetic status in powdered test samples using real-time PCR elements present across 35 events viz., nptII, pat and assays; two international proficiency testings were T-nos were developed and validated for screening undertaken. (Fig. 5.19B). This matrix approach could cut down the cost of GMO testing by eliminating the need of specific First proficiency testing was organized by the Grain testing methodologies for each GM cotton event. Inspection, Packers Stockyards Administration (GIPSA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in April 5.5.3 Molecular testing of imported transgenic 2017 for GM maize and soybean events. It involved planting material: Transgenic lines of eight imported checking qualitatively for the presence of GM maize consignments of different crops, including Arabidopsis events, viz., MON810, NK603, TC1507 (Herculex), thaliana, Brassica napus, Gossypium hirsutum and MON863, 59122 (Herculex®RW), MIR604, Event Manihot esculenta (cassava) were tested for the 3272, MON88017, MON89034 and MIR162 in four absence of embryogenesis deactivator gene maize test samples and their quantification. Two employing primers specific for cre gene. None of these samples of soybean were tested and quantified for lines showed the presence of terminator gene the four GM soy events, viz., Roundup ReadyTM, Liberty technology. All these imported accessions were also LinkTM, Roundup ReadyTMII and DP305423. The tested for the presence of specific transgene/ quantitative results were within the Z-score (from -2 promoter/terminator/marker gene using qualitative to +2). Qualitative screening for P-35S, T-nos and P- PCR/Real-time PCR assays. FMV was also satisfactorily conducted. 5.5.4 Inter-laboratory comparison program The second proficiency testing was organized by conducted: An inter-laboratory comparison program European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for GM (ILCP) was conducted for harmonization of GM Food and Feed, Joint Research Centre, European detection activities at national level. The objective of Commission, Ispra, Italy in October 2017. The ILCP was to test for the presence/absence of CaMV35 quantitative analyses for two GM soybean events,
DIVISION OF GENOMIC RESOURCES 67 viz., 40-3-2 (Roundup Ready) and MON89788 were by MoEF&CC, Govt. of India. Four referral laboratories conducted in two test samples and the results were were identified by the Department of Agriculture, within the satisfactory Z-scores for each test. Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India. 5.5.6 ‘Network of GMO Testing Laboratories The webpage provides dynamic information on (NGTL) of India’ webpage developed: The web ‘National Referral Laboratories to detect the presence page on ‘Network of GMO Testing Laboratories or absence of Living Modified Organisms and (NGTL) of India’ (http://gmolabs.nbpgr.ernet.in:9090) Genetically Modified Organisms’. In addition, the has been hosted at ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi for information in respect of fourteen GMO testing harmonization of GM detection activities across the laboratories both from public and private sector too country. This was developed under the project on has been displayed. The NGTL Webpage is an networking of LMO detection laboratories of India and important initiative for constant and dynamic regional network sponsored by the UNEP-GEF Phase upgradation and harmonization of GM detection II capacity building project on biosafety and supported capabilities and activities at the national level.
Research Programme (Code: Title and Programme Leader) PGR/DGR-BUR-DEL-01.00 Development of genomic tools for identification, protection and enhanced utilization of PGRs (KV Bhat (upto 31st May 2017); Kuldeep Singh (1st Jun. 2017- 31st Aug. 2017) Gurinder Jit Randhawa (wef 01st Sep. 2017)) Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, CoPIs and Associates) PGR/DGR-BUR-DEL-01.01 Development of genomic tools for discovery and validation of genes of economic importance for enhancing the use of plant genetic resources of pulses, oilseeds and fibre crops (Rajesh Kumarumar, KV Bhat (upto 30th Nov. 2017), S Marla, J Radhamani, JK Yasin, DP Wankhede, Rashmi Yadav, S Rajkumar (wef 20th July 2017), R Parimalan (wef 20th July 2017), Chet Ram (till 30th June 2017) and PG Gore) PGR/DGR-BUR-DEL-01.02 Development of genomic tools for enhanced utilization of cereals (Rakesh Singhingh, MC Yadav, Sundeep Kumar, AK Singh, R Parimalan and Sheel Yadav) PGR/DGR-BUR-DEL-01.03 Development of genomic tools for enhanced utilization of millets (Lalit Arya and Monika Singh (wef 20th July 2017), Chet Ram (till 30th June 2017)) PGR/DGR-BUR-DEL-01.04 Development of genomic tools for enhanced utilization of horticultural crops (AB Gaikwadad, M Verma, S Archak, K Joseph John and Diksha Gautam) PGR/DGR-BUR-DEL-01.05 Development of genomic tools for species delineation and genetic erosion studies in selected crops (MC Yadavadav, S Rajkumar, S Marla, J Radhamani, DR Pani, N Dixit and M Latha) PGR/DGR-BUR-DEL-01.06 Establishment and maintenance of national genomic resources repository and bioinformatics facility (S Marlaarla, KV Bhat (till 30th Nov. 2017), MC Yadav, MK Rana, Lalit Arya, M Verma, Sundeep Kumar, S Rajkumar, Rajesh Kumar, Rakesh Singh, AK Singh, JK Yasin, R Parimalan (till 20th July 2017), Sheel Yadav, DP Wankhede, Monika Singh, PG Gore, SK Malik (till 30th Aug. 2017), Rekha Chaudhury and SK Singh (wef 20th July 2017) PGR/DGR-BUR-DEL-01.07 Development of DNA based diagnostics for transgene detection and impact analyses of GM crops on plant biodiversity (GJ Randhawaa, Monika Singh and Sushmita (till 30th Mar. 2017)) PGR/GRD-BUR-DEL-01.08 Development of unique identity system for cultivars and genetic stocks for IPR protection (MK Ranaana, KV Bhat (till 30th Nov. 2017), AB Gaikwad, Rakesh Singh, Lalit Arya, M Verma, Sundeep Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, S Rajkumar, R Parimalan, AK Singh, Sheel Yadav, DP Wankhede, JK Yasin, PG Gore and SK Singh
68 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Externally Funded Projects • Development of short duration, early maturing, high yielding, biotic and abiotic stress tolerant redgram varieties – Indo- Swiss Collaboration in Biotechnology (Yasin JKJK) • National containment/quarantine facility for transgenic planting material; component: molecular testing (Gurinder Jit Randhawa and Monika Singh) • Strengthening of existing capacities for LMO detection activities under the UNEP-GEF Supported Phase-II Capacity Building Project on Biosafety (Gurinder Jit Randhawaa, Monika Singh and Sushmita (till 30th Mar. 2017) • Rationalisation of rice collections originating from major areas of diversity and allele mining in selected unique set of accessions for biotic, abiotic and quality traits using molecular markers. (Rakesh Singhingh) • ICAR Consortium Research Platform on Genomics (KV Bhat (till 30th Nov. 2017), AB Gaikwad (wef 01st Dec. 2017), R Parimalan and DP Wankhede) • Mining of functional information from sequence data of select crop species for identification of functional and regulatory genes for traits of economic importance (KV Bhat till 30th Nov. 2017) • Indo-UK centre for nitrogen use efficiency in wheat (S MarlaMarla) • Identification of defense genes/QTLs associated with rust resistance in wheat under CABIN scheme (Sundeep Kumar and Amit Kumar Singh) • Towards understanding the C3-C4 intermediate pathway in Poaceae and functionality of C4 genes in rice (SK Malik (till 31st July 2017), DP Wankhede and R Parimalan)
• Development of heat tolerant wheat for South Asia (Sundeep Kumarumar, Jyoti Kumari and TPS Yadav)
DIVISION OF GENOMIC RESOURCES 69 DIVISION OF GERMPLASM CONSERVATION 6 Summary: A total of 33,504 accessions (including varieties to be notified, released cultivars and registered germplasm) of various crops was processed for long-term conservation as per genebank standards; of which, 24,607 accessions were added to the base collection leading to the total germplasm holding of 4,34, 946 in the National Genebank. Of the conserved accessions, 4,373 were new and 20,234 accessions were regenerated. Germination and seed quantity were assessed in 8,455 stored accessions and 40,383 accessions were distributed for characterization / evaluation / regeneration / research. Breaking seed dormancy in Cleome seeds was optimized using acid (100% germination) or mechanical (80%) scarification. Predicted and observed seed viability in rice conserved for 20 years under LTS showed significant differences when compared using paired t-test. The registration of potentially valuable trait-specific germplasm and conservation of released varieties and genetic stocks identified under the National Agricultural Research System were facilitated, for their use in various crop improvement programme.
6.1 Germplasm augmentation 20,234 accessions were regenerated. Of the rejected accessions, 28 were due to seed infestation; 2,926 The total germplasm holdings in the National Genebank did not meet the desired seed quantity; and the rest (NGB) has increased to 4,34,946 (Table 6.1); are being processed for conservation. Accessions with representing 1,900 species (including 10,771 trial lesser seed quantity were stored in MTS and will be material and 10,235 accessions of lentil and pigeonpea multiplied subsequently for long-term conservation. as safety duplicates). In total, 33,504 germplasm Among the new accessions added to the NGB, fibres accessions comprising agri-horticultural crops were (1,195) and cereals (1,041) comprised a major portion received for long-term conservation in the NGB; of germplasm, followed by oilseeds (598) and 24,607 accessions qualifying the genebank standards vegetables (493). Released varieties (481) and were conserved at –18±2oC as base collections. Of genetic stocks (477) were also added for the conserved accessions, 4,373 were new and Table 6.1: Germplasm holding status in the National Genebank (as on December 31, 2017).
Crop group No. of acc. conserved Total accessions conserved during 2017 Regenerated New
Cereals 3,194 1,041 1,61,816 Millets 6804 231 58,443 Forages 1 114 6,925 Pseudocereals 2 69 7,295 Legumes 2,448 448 65,675 Oilseeds 4,808 598 58,871 Fibre crops 526 1,195 15,573 Vegetables 1,525 493 26,071 Fruits and Nuts 0 1 273 Medicinal, Aromatic and Narcotics plants 338 107 7,929 Ornamentals 0 7 653 Spices and Condiments 588 69 3,074 Agroforestry 0 0 1,642 Duplicate Safety Samples (Lentil, Pigeonpea) 0 0 10,235 Trial Material (Wheat, Barley) 0 0 10,771
Total 20,234 4,373* 4,34,946
* Includes germplasm of varieties received to be released and notified and genetic stocks
70 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 survey, it was identified as Coix lacryma jobi var.stenocarpa and was added to NGB as a new species (Fig. 6.2). 6.1.2 Efforts for addition of new species in national genebank: Indents have been placed for import of wild species of maize (5 spp, 45 acc.), barley (3 spp, 6 acc.) and Elymus (12 spp, 32 acc.), from NPGS, USA and various CGIAR genebanks. 6.1.3 Multiplication of genebank accessions having less seed quantity: Seventy-five accessions comprising wheat (24) and barley (51) with very less seed quantity in the NGB, were grown in the net house facility of Division of Seed Technology ICAR-IARI, for seed multiplication. Imported barley (9) and maize core collection (30; Switzerland) accessions were Fig. 6.1: Crop group-wise germplasm conserved in grown at NBPGR-RS, Bhowali and NBPGR, New area, 2017 at the NGB under LTS. respectively for seed multiplication. conservation. The other details on crop-group status 6.2 Documentation and database are available in table 6.1 and fig. 6.1. A total of 10,248 management voucher accessions of exotic germplasm comprising Passport details for regenerated 20,234 accessions different agri-horticultural crops viz., cereals (8,025), of different agri-horticultural crops conserved in the grain legumes (51), oil seeds (30), vegetables (1,783), base collection were updated. Important traits of 2163 fiber and forages (158), millets (20) and others (182) accessions were entered in passport database for five were also conserved. crops viz. kodo millet (141), foxtail millet (136 ), cotton (1479), safflower (303) and pigeonpea (104). A total 6.1.1 Coix lacryma-jobi var. stenocarpa, a new of 1,39,014 acc. comprising soybean (3997), wheat taxon added to NGB: At NGB, seeds of job’s tear (137), fibre and forages (19,694), pigeonpea (13,429), collected from natural wild habitat of Nagaland rice (1,00,486) and sorghum (2171) were matched (collector no. ADS-17/33) were received as Coix with genebank data for duplicate identification, lacryma jobi. Based on seed morphology and literature retrieval of passport data, identification of regenerated accessions, gap analysis and updation of biological status, etc. 6.3 Monitoring of germplasm Germplasm conserved in the LTS for >10 yrs (8,455 acc.) were monitored for seed viability to comply with the genebank standards (Table 6.2). The accessions showing less than 85% germination are regenerated to replace the seeds with reduced viability. 6.4 Distribution of germplasm for characterization, regeneration and utilization A total of 40,383 accessions was distributed for utilization by different stakeholders. Most of the accessions were distributed for regeneration, Fig. 6.2: Seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi var. stenocarpa characterization and evaluation. The details are given in table 6.3.
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM CONSERVATION 71 Table 6.2: Details of seed viability assessed for germplasm conserved (>10 yrs) in LTS.
Crop No. of acc. Initial viability Present viability No. of acc. identified tested for regeneration Rice 1,568 60-100 0-100 381 Maize 291 60-100 20-100 27 Barley 844 40-100 15-100 74 Groundnut 220 85-100 80-100 22 Soybean 180 90-100 78-100 12 Linseed 200 88-100 85-100 - Sesame 440 90-100 80-100 8 Brassica 210 95-100 90-100 - Mothbean 666 85-100 60-100 24 Pea 279 50-100 10-100 2 Carrot 12 70-80 40-80 5 Onion 17 86-90 80-90 - Cabbage 14 86-90 80-90 - Okra 130 86-92 80-92 - Pseudocereals 1,024 88-100 85-100 - Medicinal plants 442 48-100 60-100 - Spices 35 70-100 80-100 - Ornamentals 13 70-80 70-90 - Cotton 758 65-100 12-100 291 Jute 446 85-100 64-100 9 Wild Jute 24 85-100 96-100 - Kenaf 83 85-100 80-100 2 Roselle 73 85-100 12-100 8 Wild Hibiscus 14 85-100 28-100 6 Sunhemp 16 85-100 8-100 8 Wild Crotalaria 47 85-100 20-100 14 Sorghum 51 85-100 68-100 12 Clover 1 100 100 - Pearlmillet 92 85-100 10-100 7 Ricebean 27 85-100 10-100 3 Rose mallow 24 85-100 20-100 6 Oats 99 85-100 60-100 15 Deenanath grass 76 85-100 20-100 3 Torpedo grass 1 100 92 - Cowpea 4 85-100 100 - Guinea grass 2 20-100 100 - Lathyrus 4 85-100 96-100 - Stylo grass 1 85-100 100 - Paper weed 1 85-100 100 - Forage crops 26 20-100 10-100 10
Total 8,455 1,054
72 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Table 6.3: Distribution of different crop germplasm for various purposes.
Crops (no. of accessions) Purpose No. of acc. Paddy (14,339), Vigna spp. (107), Chickpea (943), Lentil (2,255), Characterization 27,734 Pigeonpea (1,200), Maize (1,200), Barley (2,440), Sesame (700), and multiplication / Soybean (1,070), Brassica (480), Finger millet (2,000), Foxtail millet (1,000) evaluation Paddy (2,847), Lentil (4,145), Cucumber (6), Okra (667), Bitter gourd (32) Multiplication 7,697
Wheat (76), Maize (646), Barley (40), Paddy (1,227), Sorghum (92), Research 4,952 Cowpea (226), Horsegram (354), Moth bean (99), Sembean (100), Pigeonpea (157), Chickpea (233), Frenchbean (66), Mungbean (20), Pea (262) Cotton (14), Brassica (164), Linseed (229) , Sunflower (30), Teosinte (21), Fenugreek (166), Teff grass (220), Onion (17), Cabbage (41), Radish (25), Chilli (273), Okra (130), Carrot (12), Tomato (12)
Total 40,383
6.5 Supportive research their mean viability fell to 86.32% (Fig. 6.3A). Observed viability for 19.5% accessions were less than 6.5.1 Dormancy breaking protocols: Seed 80%, while seed viability equation predicted it to be germination in Cleome viscosa (18) and C. icosandra 11.3% (Fig. 6.3B). Paired t-tests revealed significant (9) was poor; therefore, an experiment was carried differences between predicted and final observed out to investigate the effects of temperature, light and viability overall. pre-germination treatments viz., sand paper scarification, acid scarification using varied 6.5.3 Mathematical modelling of sorption data: concentration of H2SO4, hot water treatment, and co- Empirical mathematical models were used to align application of GA3,on its germination. The highest seed moisture sorption data of pea, okra and chilli germination at 100% and 80% were observed in seed with distinct biophysical and biochemical parameters, treated with 100% H2SO4 for 30 min. and mechanical so as to identify a comprehensive empirical model scarification, respectively. that can predict the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) across species. Sorption data determined over a 6.5.2 Rice seed conserved under LTS (>20 yrs) – a temperature range of 5-40oC and relative humidity of comparison on predicted and observed viability: 1-100% was graphically plotted to derive the isotherms The seed germination (%) for rice accessions conserved and these isotherms were projected on to seven during 1991–1995 was assessed under routine empirical models recommended for agricultural monitoring during 2011–2015 and was compared with products. The best fit was determined based on the predicted values according to the seed viability mean relative error (MRE,%), standard error of equation. The initial viability before storage ranged estimate/moisture (SEM) and randomness of residuals. from 80–100 % with a mean of 93.92%. After 20 years The modified Henderson model was found to be the of storage, the viability ranged from 0–100 % and suitable empirical equation for effective prediction of EMC, irrespective of species. 6.5.4 Seed distribution and monitoring: Seeds of fingermillet (2,000) germplasm were distributed for characterization and multiplication to ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad. Millets germplasm field day was organized at ICAR-IIMR (Fig. 6.4) to exhibit the variability in the germplasm. Paddy, pigeonpea and finger millet being characterized/ evaluated at different centres were monitored during the crop Fig. 6.3: Viability assessment for rice accessions conserved in LTS (>20yrs). A: Initial and final viability; season. B: Initial, predicted and final viability.
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM CONSERVATION 73 Delhi on February 6, 2017 and October 23, 2017, respectively. In these meetings, a total 155 proposals (106 new and 49 revised) were considered for registration. Finally, 91 (56 new and 35 revised) proposals belonging to 27 species were approved for registration bringing the total registered germplasm to 1,377 (Table 6.4). Some notable registered germplasm were: Wheat with blue grain (aleurone) color; Wheat with high yellow pigment content (high beta-carotene); Barley highly resistant to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Fig. 6.4: Field day visit and monitoring of millet hordei); Castor with pistillate line; early maturing and germplasm at ICAR-IIMR. early flowering Toriaoria; Jute with super fiber wedge 6.6 Plant germplasm registration: length and diameter; Rice with tolerance to salinity stresses up to ECe 10.0dS/m; Wheat with resistance Germplasm identified with unique traits are registered to stem leaf and stripe rusts, karnal bunt and flag smut; to safeguard the national germplasm resources with extra early heading hooded BarleyBarley; Jute with respect to intellectual property rights and to facilitate extremely dwarf mutant with around 1/10th plant flow of germplasm among the scientists working in height of wild type; Oil palm with long bunch stalk the crop improvement programmes. The XXXVI and (53 cm); Rose-scented Geranium with higher fresh XXXVII Plant Germplasm Registration Committee foliage, high oil content (0.14-0.18%) high rhodinal (PGRC) meetings were held at ICAR-NBPGR, New content (66-75%) (Fig. 6.5 and Table 6.5).
Table 6.4: Details of the germplasm registered and conserved in LTS.
S .No Crop group No. of registered Total no. of Current status of germplasm (2017) spp. till date registered germplasm 1 Cereals and Pesudocereals 44 10 481
2 Millets 1 5 81
3 Fibre and Forages 8 14 110
4 Grain Legumes 3 16 136
5 Vegetables 0 21 78 6 Commercial Crops 0 16 99
7 Medicinal & Aromatic plants 9 44 70 and Spices
8 Ornamentals 6 28 58
9 Oilseeds 14 22 178 10 Fruits and Nuts 1 20 42
11 Tubers 5 13 37
12 Agroforestry 0 6 7
Grand Total 91 215 1,377
74 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 6.5: Notable registered germplasm. A: Early maturing Toria; B: Super fibre wedge length and diameter Jute; C: Saline tolerant and zinc rich rice; D: Sterile pisifera Oilpalm with virescens and long bunch stalk.
Table 6.5: Trait-specific germplasm registered during 2017.
IC number Novel trait for which registered
Aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga) IC0624537 High rhizome yield (10 tones/ha). High essential oil.
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) IC0623444 Revolute rolled leaves. IC0623445 Yellow young leaves.
Banana (Musa spp.) IC0395101 Interspecific hybrid with intermediate characters, flowers (Inflorescence) bright & semi erect. Intermediate height with broad leaves (can be used for leaf production).
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) IC0620682 Highly resistant to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei) at seedling and adult plant stages coupled with short plant height. IC0624123 Extra early heading hooded barley. IC0624124 Extra dwarf. IC0624125 Long spikes with more number of grains. Resistant to stripe rust. IC0624126 Resistant to spot blotch.
Blackgram (Vigna mungo) IC01572 Resistant to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus.
Castor (Ricinus communis) IC0621469 Pistillate line and good combiner. IC0374272 Resistance to leafhopper (Empoasca flavescens (Fabr).
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) IC0623452 Fusarium wilt resistance.
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) IC0623437 Flower colour: 77.B, Purple group, Fan 2. Stellate ray florets (Cylindrical). IC0623438 Flower colour: 162.D, Gray yellow group, Fan 4. Stellate ray florets (Cylindrical).
Gerbera (Gerbera jamesoni) IC0621471 Flower head colour: 68D, Red purple group (as per RHS colour chart). Double type flower head. IC0621472 Flower head colour: 50A, Red group (as per RHS colour chart). Double type flower head.
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM CONSERVATION 75 Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) IC0621473 Floret colour: (based on RHS color chart). Purple (78.A) middle. Red-purple (72.A) margin with Green Yellow (1.D) blotch. Floret type is open faced and floret placement is in double rows. IC0621474 Floret colour: (based on RHS color chart). Purple violet (82.A) having purple (77.A) margin. Green- White (157.C) line on lower lip. Early flowering (61.54 days).
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) IC0622804 Moricandia system based CMS line. Resistant to white rust disease. IC0624502 High tolerance to salinity (ECe 12 dS/m) and alkalinity (pH9.4). IC0598622 White rust resistant. IC0598623 White rust resistant.
Isabgol (Plantago ovata) IC0623443 Extended bract mutant.
Jute (Corchorus olitorius) IC0503186 Super fibre wedge length and diameter. IC0503703 Superior bark cross section length. IC0503297 High number of fiber cells/fibre bundle. IC0621946 Extremely dwarf mutant with around 1/10th plant height of wild type. IC0621948 Low lignin content of fiber (6.7%) at 120 days after sowing. Unique morphology having undulated stem, petiole and main leaf vein. IC0621949 Absolute absence of pre-mature flowering when sown in Feb 1st week. IC0621650 High Iron content in leaves (173.75 mg/kg fresh weight).
Lentil (Lens culinaris) IC0621470 Drought tolerance
Maize (Zea mays) IC0621103 Moderately resistant to Maydis Leaf Blight (MLB) (disease mean score 2.13 on the scale of 1-5). Moderately resistant to Turcicum Leaf Blight (TLB) (disease mean score 2.58 on the scale of 1-5). Tryptophan content 0.69% in protein IC0621104 Moderately resistant to Maydis Leaf Blight (MLB) (disease mean score 2.65 on the scale of 1-5). Moderately resistant to Turcicum Leaf Blight (TLB) (disease mean score 2.33 on the scale of 1-5). Tryptophan content 0.71% in protein. IC0612721 Source of resistance to charcoal rot (disease mean score 2.8 on the scale of 1-9). Mean anthesis silking interval of 2.0 days. IC0612704 Source of resistance to charcoal rot (disease score 2.3 on the scale of 1-9) in QPM background. tryptophan (0.90%) and lysine (3.73%.). IC0593934 Resistant to multiple disease post flowering stalk rots, turcicum leaf blight and maydis leaf blight. Stiff and stay green character of stalk. High oil content > 5.0 (5.53%).
Oilpalm (Elaeis oleifera) IC0597686 Slow vertical stem growth (low annual height increment of 15 cm per year). Early fruit maturity (4.5 months) with long and slender bunch stalk. High fruit set of 53.4% than other oleiferas (28.0% to 46.0%). IC0597687 Virescens fruit colour. Dura fruit forms. IC0597688 Long bunch stalk (53 cm). IC0597689 Sterile Pisifera palm. Virescens fruit. IC0597690 Dwarf palm (12 cm annual height increment). High fruit set (69.09%). IC0597691 Slow vertical stem growth (low annual height increment of 25 cm yr-1). Compact palm with tenera (thin shell thickness of 1.56 mm) fruit form.
76 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Potato (Solanum tuberosum) IC0623450 Meiotic tetraploid (MT) with 2x genome from semi-cultivated species, S. verrucosum and other 2x from cultivated potato cv. K. Lalima. Highly resistant to late blight. Performs well under short & long day conditions. IC0623449 Interspecific potato somatic hybrids produced by protoplast fusion between the dihaploid Solanum tuberosum‘C-13’ and the wild potato species S. cardiophyllum. Tetraploid and male fertile. Resistance to potato late blight disease introgressed from the wild S. cardiophyllum. IC0623447 Drought tolerant advanced potato hybrid. Good keeping quality. High tuber yield. IC0623448 Purple skin colored specialty advanced potato hybrid. Very good keeping quality. High tuber yield. IC0623446 Processing advanced hybrid. Excellent keeping quality. High yield.
Rice (Oryza sativa) IC0513420 Rice breeding line tolerant to both vegetative as well as reproductive stage drought stress. IC0612955, CMS line/maintainer line with higher rate of medium slender grain type. Good cooking quality. IC0612956
IC0612957, CMS line/maintainer line with higher rate of stigma exsertion. Long slender grain type. High out IC0612958 crossing rate. IC0622805 TGMS Line IC0619320 Tolerant to salinity stresses up to ECe 10.0dS/m. IC0619226 Novel dual donor for resistance to both Brown Plant Hoppers (BPH) and White Backed Plant Hoppers (WBPH) in rice. Possesses resistance at vegetative and reproductive stages. IC0619227 Rich in Zinc micronutrient. Tolerant to coastal salinity. IC0639318 Tolerant to alkalinity stresses up to pH 9.9. IC0256801 Resistant to BPH.
Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) IC0624503 Higher fresh foliage. High oil content (0.14-0.18%). High rhodinal content (66-75%).
Senna (Cassia angustifolia) IC0610825 Small size pod. IC0610826 Broad leaves. Broad pod shape.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) IC0621690 Six stamens and two gynoecia producing twin seeds against the normal sorghum genotype bearing three stamens and one gynoecium. IC0621475 Improved shoot fly and grain mould resistance over the elite parent, 296B. Derivative of biparental cross with two shoot fly resistant lines.
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) IC0624505 Reb-A/Stevioside ratio =1.25; Rebaudioside-A content (%) =7.34; Stevioside content (%) = 5.87 IC0624506 Delayed flowering by 120 days. Prolonged vegetative phase. More number of harvests per year.
Toria (Brassica rapa var.toria) IC0621691 Earliness of flowering and maturity.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) IC0620914 Blue grain (aleurone) color. IC0620915 Purple grain (pericarp) color. IC0620916 Black grain colour. (Purple pericarp + Blue aleurone). IC0621693 High tolerant to heat stress. IC0621833 Resistance to yellow rust carrying Yr10+ in WH542 background.
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM CONSERVATION 77 IC0621834 Resistance to yellow rust carrying Yr5+ in UP2338 background. IC0621836 Resistance to yellow and brown rusts carrying Yr15+Lr24 in background of UP2338. IC0621837 Resistance to brown (Lr28) and yellow rusts (YrChina84) in the background of WH542. IC0621838 Resistance to brown carrying Lr19+Lr24 in the background of PBW343. IC0621839 LWH, local bread wheat is susceptible to all the pathotypes of Puccinia triticina (brown rust of wheat) in India. Earlier know susceptible cultivar Agra Local was found resistant to 3 pathotypes. It would be useful to carry out genetic studies in leaf rust of wheat. IC0623528 High tolerance to head scab. IC0624127 Low hardness index (soft endosperm). IC0624491 Carrying Lr13 as locally adapted differential for Indian pathotypes of wheat leaf rust (Puccina triticina). IC0624492 Carrying Lr18 as locally adapted differential for Indian pathotypes of wheat leaf rust (Puccina triticina). IC0624493 Carrying Lr19 as locally adapted differential for Indian pathotypes of wheat leaf rust (Puccina triticina). IC0624494 Carrying Lr26 as locally adapted differential for Indian pathotypes of wheat leaf rust (Puccina triticina). IC0624496 Early maturing and bold seeded germplasm for warmer areas of India. IC0624500 Resistant to black and brown and rusts. Resistant to Ug99 pathotypes. Carries Sr24/Lr24 and unutilized Sr43. Good agronomic background. IC0624501 Resistant to black rust including ug99 pathotypes. It carries unexploited Sr26 in the background of Raj3765. IC0624649 Resistant to black and brown rusts of wheat. Resistant to ug99 pathotypes. It carries Sr32, Sr24/Lr24. Derived from C77.19 (Sr32) accession and Indian variety HI1500. Good agronomic background. IC0621835 Resistance to brown rust carrying Yr39+ in the background of PBW343.
Wheat (Triticum durum) IC0621692 High yellow pigment content (high beta-carotene). IC0623529 Durum wheat genotype highly tolerant to head scab.
Wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum.) IC0623451 Resistant to stem leaf and stripe rusts, karnal bunt and flag smut. IC0624495 Resistant to stem, leaf and stripe rusts, karnal bunt & flag smut. High yield potential.
Yellow sarson (Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson)
IC0623820 Potential parent for resynthesis of B. juncea.
6.7 Conservation of populations and mutants Director, ICAR-NBPGR and Dr. Savita, Director, FRI and at NGB Vice Chancellor (FRI Deemed University). Guidelines were developed and approved for deposition and conservation of seeds of RILs, BILs, DHs, NAM, MAGIC, CSSL, association panel, NILs and mutants at ICAR-NBPGR in a meeting held under the Chairmanship of Dr. Kuldeep Singh, Director, ICAR- NBPGR on 24 November, 2017. 6.7.1 Conservation of forest genetic resources: To facilitate conserving the seeds of important forest genetic resources under LTS of NGB, an MoU was signed between ICAR-NBPGR and FRI, Dehradun on 22nd August, 2017, respectively, by Dr. Kuldeep Singh, Fig. 6.6: Signing of MoU between ICAR-NBPGR and FRI, Dehradun.
78 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Programme (Programme Code: Title, Leader)
PGR/GCN-BUR-DEL-01.00: Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources of agricultural and horticultural crops using conventional methods (RK Tyagi (till 11th Aug. 2017); Kalyani Srinivasan (till 27th Oct. 2017); Veena Gupta (wef 28th Oct. 2017). Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates) PGR/GCN-BUR-DEL-01.01: Management of information and national germplasm conservation network and associated research (RK Tyagi (till 11th Aug. 2017), Anjali Kak Koul (wef 12th Aug. 2017), Sunil Archak, J Aravind, BP Dahiya, Rajvir Singh, Smita Jain, Rajiv Gambhir, SP Sharma and Nirmala Dabral)
PGR/GCN-BUR-DEL-01-02: Conservation of grain legume germplasm using conventional seed storage methods and associated research (Neeta Singhingh, Chithra Devi Pandey and Padmavati G Gore (wef 16th Nov. 2017)
PGR/GCN-BUR-DEL-01-03: Conservation of paddy germplasm using conventional seed storage methods and associated research (Kalyani Srinivasanasan, RK Tyagi (till 11th Aug. 2017), J Aravind, Sherry Rachel Jacob, S Vimala Devi and AD Sharma)
PGR/GCN-BUR-DEL-01-04: Conservation of oilseed germplasm using conventional seed storage methods and associated research. (J RadhamaniRadhamani, Neeta Singh, Sherry Rachel Jacob and J Aravind)
PGR/GCN-BUR-DEL-01-05: Conservation of cereal germplasm excluding paddy, using conventional seed storage methods and associated research. (Sherry Rachel Jacobacob, K Srinivasan, J Radhamani and Padmavati G Gore (wef 16th Nov. 2017))
PGR/GCN-BUR-DEL-01-06: Conservation of pseudo-cereals, medicinal and aromatic plant, narcotic and spices germplasm using conventional seed storage methods and associated research (Veena Guptaa, Anjali Kak and Padmavati G Gore (wef 16th Nov. 2017)
PGR/GCN-BUR-DEL-01-07: Conservation of millets germplasm using conventional seed storage methods and associated research (Sushil Pandeyy, Chithra Devi Pandey and S Vimala Devi)
PGR/GCN-BUR-DEL-01-08: Conservation of forage and fibre germplasm using conventional seed storage methods and associated research (Anjali Kak and Veena Gupta)
PGR/GCN-BUR-DEL-01-09: Conservation of vegetable germplasm using conventional seed storage methods and associated research (Chithra Devi Pandeyy, Neeta Singh and Sushil Pandey)
Externally funded projects
• Implementation of PVP legislation: National Plant Variety Repository (Kalyani Srinivasanasan)
• Establishment of national rice resources database (Kalyani SrinivasanSrinivasan, Rakesh Singh and Sunil Archak)
DIVISION OF GERMPLASM CONSERVATION 79 TISSUE CULTURE AND CRYOPRESERVATION UNIT 7 Summary: A total of 1,821 accessions of vegetatively propagated species were conserved, as in vitro cultures at ambient and/or at low temperature with subculture duration ranging from 2-24 months. In banana (Musa AAA cv. Grand Naine), a cost- efficient technology was developed for germplasm cryobanking using floral meristems derived from immature male flower buds. In Kaempferia rotundata, conservation period was extended to 20 months by induction of in vitro rhizomes. Varying degree of pre- and post-freezing success was achieved in cryopresevation experiments using vitrification, encapsulation- dehydration or droplet-vitrification technique in Allium spp., Musa spp., Rauvolfia serpentina and Vaccinium ovatum. In vitro cryobanking was done in Allium spp. (6), Dioscorea deltoidea (3), Musa (10) and V. ovatum (2). Genetic stability assessment carried out in regenerated plantlets of Musa (using EST-SSR markers) and Bacopa monnieri (using RAPD and biochemical markers) revealed no signifcant difference in profiles of cryopreserved and regenerated plantlets and their respective controls. Dioscorea alata (5), D. bulbifera (3), Musa spp. (4) and Rubus (4) were supplied to indenters for research purposes. A total of 783 accessions comprising fruits, industrial crops, leumes, millets, forages, vegetables and wild species were cryostored as seeds, embryonic axes, pollen and genomic resources during the year, totaling 12,935 accessions in the Cryogenebank. Periodic testing for viability of 30 accessions of orthodox and non-orthodox seeds revealed retention of original viability in most of the accessions after 13-29 years of cryostorage.
7.1 Conservation of vegetatively propagated These accessions comprised horticultural crops like crops fruit, tuber, bulb, spices, plantation, industrial crops, and medicinal, aromatic and rare/endangered plants. 7.1.1 Germplasm maintenance: A total of 1,821 The cultures were conserved under culture room accessions of the mandated crop groups were conditions (25°C, 16/8 h photoperiod) or at low maintained in vitro, by periodic subculture in the form temperature (4-10°C, in dark). The average subculture of 40,000 cultures and/or in vitro cryopreserved period under these conditions varied from 2-24 months, meristems/shoot tips in the In Vitro Active Genebank depending on the species/genotype and the (IVAG) or In Vitro Base Genebank (IVBG), respectively. conservation strategy employed (Table 7.1). Table 7.1. Status of in vitro conserved germplasm (as on December 31, 2017). Crop group Genera Species Cultures Accessions Major collections (no.) (no.) (no.) (no.) (no. of accessions)
Tropical fruits 1 14 10,000 420 Musa spp. (420) (banana) Temperate and minor 10 42 8,000 330 Actinidia spp. (6), Aegle marmelos (2), fruits Artocarpous lakoocha (1), Fragaria x (apple, apricot, ananasa (81), Malus domestica (23), Morus blackberry, blueberry, spp. (61), Prunus spp. (5), Pyrus communis pear, strawberry) (68), Rubus spp. (62), Vaccinium spp. (21) Tuber crops 5 14 6,000 518 Alocasia indica (4), Colocasia esculenta (sweet potato, (90), Dioscorea spp. (154), Ipomoea batatas taro, yam) (260), Xanthosoma sagittifolium (10) Bulbous and other 4 14 3,500 171 Allium spp. (157), Dahlia sp. (6), Gladiolus crops sp. (7) (garlic, gladiolus) Medicinal and 23 30 4,000 155 Coleus forskohlii (14), Plumbago zeylanica aromatic plants (19), Rauvolfia serpentina (13), Tylophora indica (10), Valeriana wallichii (16) Spices and 8 20 6,500 227 Curcuma spp. (110), Elettaria cardamomum industrial crops (5), Humulus lupulus (8) Piper spp. (7), (ginger, turmeric, pepper, Simmondsia chinensis (12), Vanila planifolia cardamom, vanilla, (4), Zingiber spp. (80) hops, jojoba) TOTAL 52 134 39,000 1,821
80 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 7.1.2 Germplasm augmentation and addition: Culture establishment was initiated in Hedychium Germplasm (52 accessions) comprising Allium (15) in canescens. Multiple shoots were induced in exotic form of bulbs or plants, Musa (9) in form of seeds / accessions of Dioscorea batatas and D. nipponica. In fruits, Dioscorea (7) and Malus (21) were procured A. ampeloprasum (obtained from NBPGR-RS, from various sources for augmenting to the IVAG/IVBG. Srinagar), only one or two shoots per explant were Allium ampeloprasum (2), A. cepa var. aggregatum obtained on test media. Aseptic culturing of bulbous (3), A. chinense (1) and A. sativum (9) were procured explants of A. cepa var. aggregatum (procured from from West Bengal, Srinagar and Nagaland. NBPGR-RS, Srinagar) produced one shoot per explant Accessions in form of fruits/seeds of wild Musa on both B5 (Gamborg) / MS (Murashige and Skoog) balbisiana from Mizoram (2), Musa puspanjaliae (1) media; although growth was better with MS. from Arunachal Pradesh, and other Musa spp. from Great Nicobar (1), Assam (2), Arunachal Pradesh (3) 7.1.3 In vitro cryobanking: For long-term were also received for their subsequent conservation. conservation, in vitro cryobanking was initiated in Seven accessions of Dioscorea deltoidea (an accessions of A. sativum (4) A. tuberosum (1), A. endangered medicinal plant) were procured from hookeri (1), Dioscorea bulbifera (2) and Vaccinium NBPGR Regional Station, Srinagar, and processed for ovatum (2) using liquid nitrogen (LN). Based on in vitro establishment. Malus accessions (21) were protocols developed earlier, cryobanking of in vitro procured from CITH, Srinagar. germplasm was continued for accessions of A. tuberosum (1), A. chinense (2), A. ramosum (1), D. Twelve accessions were added to the IVAG. These deltoidea (3) and Musa spp. (10). The updated status comprised a new genera Stevia rebaudiana of germplasm cryobanked in the IVBG is given in table (sweetleaf, natural sweetener, family Asteraceae), 7.2, along with the explants used and techniques and a new species, Hedychium flavescens (cream employed. garland lily, wild ginger, family Zingiberaceae), besides new accessions of Allium macarathum (1), A. fasciculatum (1) and Malus domestica (8).
Table 7.2: Status of germplasm cryobanked in the IVBG (as on December 31, 2017).
Crop/Species No. of accessions Technique(s)* Explant(s)#
Allium sativum 68 V, DV ST A.chinense 3V, DVST A.hookeri 1V, DVST A.tuberosum 3V, DVST A.ramosum 1V, DVST Dioscorea bulbifera 2V ST D. deltoidea 5V ST Musa spp. 65 DV, V SM, ECS M. acuminata 5DVSM M. balbisiana 5 DV SM, ZE M. textilis 1DVSM Rubus hybrid 6 ED ST Vaccinium ovatum 5EDST
TOTAL 170
*DV: Droplet Vitrification; V: Vitrification; ED: Encapsulation-dehydration; EV: Encapsulation-vitrifcation # ST: Shoot Tip; SM: Shoot Meristem; ZE: Zygotic Embryo; ECS: Embryogenic Cell Suspension
TISSUE CULTURE AND CRYOPRESERVATION UNIT 81 Cryopreservation protocol developed previously were tested on a new accession of Rauvolfia serpentina using vitrification; and in Vaccinium ovatum using ED with 40% post-thaw regrowth. In Dioscorea alata, ST explants from 6 wk-old in vitro mother cultures, and treated with loading solution (LS) and PVS2 dehydration for 90 min., exhibited 50% regrowth. In Malus domestica, dormant winter buds (21) were given low temperature exposure at -20°C before subjecting to LN treatment. 7.1.4 In vitro germplasm supply: A total of eight accessions comprising Dioscorea alata (5) and D. bulbifera (3) were supplied to Dept. of Botany, Punjab Fig. 7.1: In vitro multiplication in Humulus lupulus University, Chandigarh for research purpose. Four (EC452691). A: Shoot multiplication; B: Rooting. accessions of Banana (cvs Grand Naine, Red Banana, with 4-5 nodes, were cultured on 10 different media Udhayam, Elakkie Bale) were provided for research combinations. Two axillary buds per node were to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture induced on MS medium with 2.27 μM thiadiazuron &Technology, Meerut. Four accessions of Rubus sp. (TDZ) within 4 weeks of culture (Fig. 7.1A). Similar were supplied to NBPGR-RS, Bhowali for field response was observed when the above medium was establishment and its evaluation. tested in three other accessions (EC452690, 7.2 Development of protocols EC452692 and EC452695). In vitro rooting was micropropagation and cryopreservation standardized using four different media combinations. On an average 5 roots/explant were obtained on half 7.2.1 In vitro multiplication and synseed strength MS basal medium, in eight accessions of H. development in Humulus lupulus: Experiments lupulus (Fig. 7.1B). Shoot tips (1-2 mm) from one were initiated for rapid shoot multiplication and accession of H. lupulus (EC452691) encapsulated in synseed development protocol in hops, with the 3% calcium alginate gave 100% shoot regrowth on objective of its subsequent cryopreservation. Protocol MS medium supplemented with 2.27 μM BAP and for rapid in vitro multiplication by induction of axillary μ 0.28 M GA3. Experiments for optimizing osmotic and branching was standardized in one accession air dehydration regimes are underway. EC452691. Explants comprising a single apical shoot,
Fig. 7.2: In vitro multiplication of Musa AAA cv. Grand Naine using floral buds (male). A. Flower buds (2 months old) B. Size of flower bud from which immature male flowers were excised for culture C. Immature male flower clusters used for culture D. Swelling of male flower buds 15 days after culture E. Proliferation of meristems 30 days after culture on TDZ and NAA supplemented medium F. In vitro shoot multiplication G. Rooting of shoots on medium supplemented with activated charcoal H. Primary hardening of plantlets in vermiculite medium
82 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 7.2.2 In vitro rhizome induction for Kaempferia taro (IC341446, IC343041, IC334297, IC317585, rotundata conservation: The in vitro conservation IC87066 and IC259024) were re-established in vitro, period of K. rotundata (IC087834) cultures could be and tested negative for any contamination up to the significanlty extended up to 20 months, following eight subculture cycle. induction of in vitro rhizomes on MS medium supplemented with BAP, NAA and 6% sucrose. 7.2.3 Use of floral meristems in banana for micropropagation and cryopreservation: Micropropagation and cryopreservation protocol using floral meristems (immature male flower buds) was developed in Musa AAA cv. Grand Naine (Cavendish subgroup). Aseptically dissected immature male flower buds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 42 different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGR). MS medium supplemented with 5 μM TDZ + 5 μM NAA was optimal for production of cauliflower like structures (CLS)/ proliferating meristem. These structures were subsequently subcultured to produce sufficient quantity of proliferating meristems, for use in cryopreservation. Cryopreservation of proliferating meristems derived Fig. 7.3: Retrieval of Colocasia esculenta cultures. A: Ex from aforementioned medium gave highest survival vitro hardened plantlets (2m old); B: Re-establishment of (86.8%) and shoot regeneration (13.5%) after LN aseptic cultures. treatment. Highest number of shoots were regenerated from MS medium supplemented with 50 μM 7.2.5 Cryopreservation of Bacopa monnieri shoot metatopolin (mT) + 10 μM NAA-derived explants. tips and its genetic stability: Shoot tips of 4 Shoots regenerated from mT and NAA-supplemented accessions (IC249250, IC426442, IC375976 and medium were rooted (100%) on MS medium IC468878) of B. monnieri (a commercially valuable supplemented with 0.5 % activated charcoal. These memory revitalizing medicinal plant) exhibited 0 to plantlets were hardened successfully with 100% 20% post-thaw recovery, using vitrification technique. survival rate in vermiculite medium (Fig. 7.2). The total The regenerated plants from non-frozen controls and time duration required to cryopreserve Grand Naine cryopreserved shoot tips exhibited morphological using male flower buds was 4.5 months, which is similarity to respective parental material when significantly less than the 16-20 months required when transferred to soil. On the basis of 10 random amplified shoot tips are used as explants. Thus, a useful, time- polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and bacoside A content and cost-efficient technology for cryobanking of triploid using HPLC analysis, no significant variation was Cavendish bananas could be established, which may observed between the controls and in vitro- be applied to other subgroups of bananas, after cryopreserved plantlets. suitable testing. 7.2.6 Cryopreservation in Allium spp. : In A. 7.2.4 Protocol for re-establishment of taro cultures: scorodoprasum, improved post-thaw regrowth (50%) Protocol was refined to re-establish bacteria-free of cryopreserved shoot tips (DV technique) was Colocasia esculenta (taro) cultures. Corms excised observed when mother cultures were preconditioned from 2-months-old field acclimatized plantlets (initially and pre-growth of explants at 5°C. Cryopreservation detected with bacteria during in vitro conservation experiments were initiated in another species, A. phase) were treated with cetrimide (1%) + bavistin albidum, using vitrification technique. Shoot tip (0.2%) for 40 min. Shoot tips isolated from treated explants excised from mother cultures, maintained on shoot multiplication medium (SM) and pre-grown on corms were sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 for 8 min., followed by rinsing with sterile water 3-4 times and either SM or SM10 (SM supplemented with 10% implanted on the shoot multiplication medium (Fig. 7.3). sucrose), under culture room conditions, exhibited 20% Using the aforementioned protocol, six accessions of post-thaw regrowth when optimally treated with plant
TISSUE CULTURE AND CRYOPRESERVATION UNIT 83 New Projects on Musa
A DBT funded multi-institutional project, entitled ‘Collection, taxonomy, molecular characterization and conservation of Musa germplasm from NER of India’ was initiated involving extensive exploration and collection of Musa species and cultivars, its detailed taxonomy, molecular characterization, and conservation of gene pool in genebanks (field, in vitro, cryo, seed). Germplasm of seeded wild Musa balbisiana were received at TCCU. Studies were undertaken on desiccation and freezing sensitivity of both seeds and embryos. It was observed that banana embryos could be cryopreserved after suitable desiccation and about 50-100% recovery was obtained, depending on the species and maturity of the seeds (Fig 7.4).
Bioversity International funded project entitled ‘Improvement of Banana for Small Holder Farmers in the Great Lake Regions of Africa. Indian component – Breeding for improved banana with Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum fsp.cubense) resistanceance’ was initiated with an aim to develop diploid and tetraploid hybrids for developing wilt resistant parthenocarpic triploids in Musa. NBPGR is facilitating the in vitro germplasm exchange and 21 hybrids were imported from IITA, Nigeria during the year. Further, NBPGR is collaborating with NRCB in cryopreservation of embryogenic cell suspensions (ECS), which are used in the breeding programs. Cryopreservation in six lines of four cultivars namely, Grand Naine (NGFB0189, NGFBT4, NRCBBARC24), Rasthali (NRFB0600), Ney Poovan (NNFBT5) and Nendran (NNEFB lines) was accomplished using slow cooling method. Embryogenic cell suspensions (ECS) were cultured for 24 h in liquid proliferation medium supplemented with 18% sucrose. During the exponential growth phase of the suspensions, cells in proliferation medium were cryoprotected by supplementing 18% sucrose and 7.5% DMSO. The cells were subjected to slow cooling using NalgeneTM Cryo 1°C Freezing Container held in a deep freezer. Ice nucleation effected at -7.5°C and after -40°C, the cryotubes were frozen in LN. Post-thaw regeneration of somatic embryos was 92-100% (Fig 7.5).
Fig. 7.4: A: LS of fruit of wild Musa sp. showing seeds; Fig. 7.5: ECS of six Musa lines; Inset shows somatic B: LS of seed; C: Cryopreserved embryo showing embryo formation after cryopreservation germination vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) for up to 50 min. regrowth following seven month cryostorage exhibited Cryopreservation experiments of A. sativum (9) using 30% regrowth of A. sativum (IC613896) shoot tips. DV technique was carried out, of which, two Also, 7 accessions with 10-40% post-thaw regrowth accessions exhibited 30 and 70% post-thaw survival earlier retained the same regrowth after 5 years of and 10 and 40% regrowth, respectively. Testing for cryostorage (Table 7.3).
84 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Table 7.3: Post-thaw response of Allium sativum, after thaliana, Cardiocrinum giganteum, Cocos nucifera, prolonged storage in LN. Cornus capitata, Myrica esculenta, Phoenix dactylifera, P. sylvestris, Rubus lineatus, R. paniculatus, R. reticulata Accession % Survival * % Regrowth* and different orchid spp. Thus, a total of 12,935 5 years of cryoconservation accessions of non-orthodox (intermediate and recalcitrant) and orthodox seed species have been IC375085 70 (75) 40 (25) conserved in the Cryogenebank (Table 7.4). IC037097 80 (80) 10 (10)
IC375116 70 (100) 20 (20) Table 7.4: Status of germplasm in cryogenebank (as on IC375010 100 (70) 10 (10) December 31, 2017). Categories Accessions Total IC372995 100 (100) 10 (10) (no.)* IC032122 100 (80) 10 (20) Recalcitrant & 6,650 Intermediate IC374981 60 (50) 20 (40) Fruits & Nuts 3,465 7 months of cryoconservation Spices & Condiments 152 IC613896 80 (72) 30 (18) Plantation Crops 39 Agro-forestry & Forestry 1,644 *Parenthesis have data recorded at the time of Industrial Crops 1,338 experiment Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 12 Orthodox# 3,854 7.2.7 Genetic stability of cryopreserved banana Cereals 288 germplasm: Genetic stability analysis of Millets and Forages 293 cryopreserved and regenerated Musa AAB cv. Pisang Pseudo-cereals 76 Rajdah (EC653551) plantlets was tested using in silico Grain Legumes 813 developed EST-SSR markers. A total of 46,665 EST sequences of Musa spp. downloaded from public Oilseeds 668 databases were used to identify 11,741 SSRs in 9,894 Fibers 68 EST sequences. Mononucleotide repeat motifs were Vegetables 537 the most abundant (66.8%), followed by di- (17.4%), Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 999 tri- (15%), tetra- (0.4%), hexa- (0.1%) and Narcotics & Dyes 35 pentanucleotide repeats (0.09%). SSR primer pairs Miscellaneous 77 were designed for all the sequences with trinucleotide Dormant Buds 387 and above repeat motifs and 81 primers were Pollen Grains 547 synthesized for validation. So far, 40 primers have Genomic Resources 1,497 been validated and applied for genetic stability Total 12,935 analysis of in vitro raised and cryopreserved plantlets *No. of species : 804; new species: 57 and no differences were observed. # Rare & endangered plants: 99; varieties: 776; elite: 4; 7.3 Cryopreservation of seed, pollen, dormant registered germplasm: 23, core collection: 323 bud and genomic resources 7.3.2 Studies on desiccation and freezing 7.3.1 Germplasm augmentation and cryostorage: sensitivity of germplasm: Studies on seed viability, Of 831 diverse germplasm (fruits, industrial crops, moisture content, desiccation and freezing sensitivity legumes, millets, forages, vegetables and wild were conducted on Aegle marmelos, Citrus limonia, species) received; 783 accessions were cryostored Manilkara hexandra and Moringa oleifera. Embryonic (-160°C to -180°C) as seeds, embryonic axes, pollen axes of Citrus maderaspatana on subjecting to air and genomic resources in the Cryogenebank. New desiccation freezing, encapsulation and vitrification species received for cryostorage were Arabidopsis showed 85%, 85% and 25%, survival, respectively.
TISSUE CULTURE AND CRYOPRESERVATION UNIT 85 Protocols to cryopreserve germplasm of Prunus plantlets of citrus species (Citrus macroptera, C. amygdalus (almond) and Juglans regia (walnut) were madraspatana, C. megaloxycarpa, C. sinensis and C. further developed. Process to collect and store the latipes) as 33 in vitro cultures raised from cryo-retreived winter buds in dormant state (without losing its viability) germplasm were transported to NBPGR Regional was standardized. Nodal sections containing single Station, Umiam, for field establishment. bud and 15 cm long twigs containing at least 8 buds were given desiccation (-20°C for 7 days) followed New Initiative on Orchid Germplasm by LN exposure. After thawing buds, TTC staining Conservation showed good viability but failed to regenerate. Protocol for rapid in vitro multiplication using sprouted As a new initiative, under the project “Life cycle vegetative bud explant was standardized in almond cryopreservation of orchids for bioresources var. Makhdoom, collected from CITH, Srinagar. conservation and sustainable development” Among the three media tested (MS, DKW and WPM), studies were initiated on the low temperature with different concentrations of BAP and IBA, DKW tolerance in seeds of Coloegyne nitida and Phaius medium with 4.44 μM BAP and 0.49 μM IBA was tankervillae to apply suitable cryopreservation optimum for growth of three shoots/explant. protocols. Asymbiotic seed germination has been initiated. To increase the uniformity of in vitro growth 7.3.3 Testing health status and regeneration of of selected orchids grown from seed, seeds are cryostored germplasm: Health status of 187 also being germinated to the early protocorm stage accessions of diverse crops, both fresh and cryostored, (protocorm-like-bodies) and then processed for were checked and found to be pest-free. Periodic cryopreservation. Attempts to cryopreserve pollinia viability testing was done for 30 accessions of of three Cymbidium spp. and one Arundina sp. orthodox seeds and it revealed retention of original received from NRC Orchids were initiated. For the viability even after 13-29 years of cryostorage. A total first time, a cost-effective, long-term orchid of 102 exotic accessions of Brassica carinata (10), B. conservation strategy is expected to be devised napus (4), B. campestris (1), Lycopersicon esculentum for all the components of its life cycle, with maximum (44) and Ocimum (43) retrieved from Cryogenebank species genetic stability and improved availability were supplied for field multiplication to Division of of germplasm for effective utilization in the future. Germplasm Evaluation, NBPGR, New Delhi. In vitro
Research Programme (Code: Title, Programme Leader)
Programme I- PGR/TCCU-BUR-01: Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources of vegetatively propagated crops using in vitro and cryopreservation techniques (RK Tyagi (till 22nd Aug. 2017), Anuradha Agrawal (wef 23rd Aug. 2017).
Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates)
PGR/TCCU-BUR-01.01: In vitro conservation of tuber crops with special reference to sweet potato, yams and taro (Sangita Bansal (Co-PI wef 20th June 2017; PI wef 23rd July 2017), Neelam Sharma (PI till 22nd July 2017), Vartika Srivastava and DK Nerwal)
PGR/TCCU-BUR-01.02: In vitro conservation of spices, plantation and new industrial crops (Anuradha Agrawalal, Era Vaidya Malhotra (wef 03rd Apr. 2017), RP Yadav (till 31st Jan. 2017))
PGR/TCCU-BUR-01.03: In vitro conservation of bulbous and ornamental crops. (Ruchira Pandeyy, Neelam Sharma, Gowthami R (wef 03rd July 2017))
PGR/TCCU-BUR-01.04: In vitro conservation of medicinal aromatic plants with special reference to rare and endangered species. (Neelam Sharma,Sharma Ruchira Pandey, Gowthami R (wef 03rd July 2017))
PGR/TCCU-BUR-01.05: In vitro conservation of tropical fruit species [Anuradha Agrawalal, RK Tyagi (till 11th Aug. 2017), Era Vaidya Malhotra (wef 03rd Apr. 2017) and DPS Meena)
PGR/TCCU-BUR-01.06: In vitro conservation of temperate and minor tropical fruit crops. (Sandhya Gupta, JC Rana (till 22nd July 2017) and Narender Negi (wef 23rd July 2017))
86 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 PGR/TCCU-BUR-01.07: Studies on genetic integrity of conserved germplasm. [Era Vaidya Malhotra (wef 03rd April 2017), RK Tyagi (till 11th Aug. 2017), Sangita Bansal (wef 20th June 2017), Gowthami R (wef 03rd July 2017), Vimala Devi and J Aravind)
Programme II- PGR/TCCU-BUR-02: Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources of agricultural and horticultural crops using cryopreservation of seeds, dormant buds and pollen (Rekha ChaudhuryChaudhury)
Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates)
PGR/TCCU-BUR-02.01: Cryopreservation of non-orthodox and orthodox seed species in various forms using standard protocols. (Rekha Chaudhuryy, SK Malik (till 31st Aug. 2017) and AP Singh) PGR/TCCU-BUR-02.02: Investigating desiccation and freezing tolerance in non-orthodox seed species, dormant buds and pollen for cryopreservation. (SK Malik (till 31st Aug. 2017), Rekha Chaudhury and Vartika Srivastava)
Externally funded projects • Collection, taxonomy, molecular characterization and conservation of Musa germplasm from North-eastern Region (NER) of India (Anuradha AgrawalAgrawal) • Improvement of Banana for Small Holder Farmers in the Great Lake Regions of Africa Indian component – Breeding for improved bananas with Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum fsp. cubense) resistance (Anuradha AgrawalAgrawal) • Life cycle cryopreservation of orchids for bioresources conservation and sustainable development (Rekha ChaudhuryChaudhury)
TISSUE CULTURE AND CRYOPRESERVATION UNIT 87 PGR POLICY PLANNING UNIT 8 Summary: During 2017, the PGR Policy Planning unit documented concurrent international and national developments concerning plant genetic resources and related fields such as bio-safety, germplasm utilization, exchange, and quarantine. Analytical inputs and policy decisions for negotiations and formulations of policies at various national and international levels on issues related to PGR management were taken up.
8.1 PGR management and related policy Information for 2015 to 2017 on the second GPA was issues sent to FAO for inclusion in the WIEWS Reporting System. The information was provided for species of 8.1.1 International Treaty on Plant Genetic crops, crop wild relatives and wild food plants Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA): surveyed/inventoried, targeted collecting mission, the Inputs as per the requirement for the agenda items accessions conserved in long-term conditions, towards the seventh meeting of the ad hoc open- accession number, taxon, the number of accessions ended working group to enhance the functioning of regenerated and/or multiplied, the number of the multilateral system for exchange of plant genetic accessions and the number of samples distributed resources were provided. Agenda included elements during the reporting period by the national genebank, of a draft resolution and measures to enhance the varieties released during the reporting period, functioning of the multilateral system. specifying crop and year of release. Agenda items pertaining to: 2030 roadmap for 8.1.3 Policy inputs for biological diversity: sustainable development and role of PGRFA Comments/ inputs/ views were provided to NBA for enhancement of the functioning of the multilateral 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 44th, 45th and 46th expert committee system of access and benefit sharing; proposal for an meetings on ABS held during 2017. Inputs on various amendment of the international treaty; enhancement agenda items related to access to biodiversity and of the funding strategy of the international treaty; IPRs; ABS agreements; capacity building activities for global information system; co-operation with sensitizing different stakeholders about the provisions international instruments and organizations were of the Biological Diversity Act were provided. discussed during the 7th general body meeting held at Rome during 30th Oct.-3rd Nov. 2017. List of Dr Pratibha Brahmi, as an expert, reviewed the policy accessions notified under the multilateral system of dialogue on mainstreaming biodiversity into the ITPGRFA was uploaded on ICAR-NBPGR website for agriculture sector and guided the finalization of the use by breeders/researchers. technical document/ report on implementation of the 8.1.2 Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA): Perspectives from India towards the agenda items viz., the state of the world’s biodiversity for food and agriculture; access and benefit-sharing for genetic resources for food and agriculture; review of the programme of work on climate change and genetic resources for food and agriculture; and preparation of the third report on the state of the world’s plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; for 16th regular session held during January 30-February 3, 2017 were provided. DDG (Ani. Sci.), ICAR; Director, ICAR-NBPGR; JS (Seeds), and Commissioner (Seeds), DACFW attended the Session of the CGRFA held at FAO Rome. Progress report on the sustainable development goal-15 /2030 Fig. 8.1: Participation in the workshop on reporting on agenda for sustainable development was provided the state of PGR at FAO, Rome. for the visit of Agriculture Minister to Rome. 88 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 ITPGRFA in India (Fig. 8.1), prepared by the Centre for the spread in case of its occurrence in any part of Biodiversity Policy and Law (CEBPOL) and ‘Possible the country. question for India concerning genetic resources for Inputs were also provided for: PRA for nine new food and agriculture: Is there a need for new legal species of grasses, monk fruit and tuberose for their instruments under CGRFA.’ first time import by NBPGR; risk involved in import of 8.1.4 Inputs provided to ICAR/DARE/DAC: Inputs several agricultural commodities, certain insect were provided to ICAR/DARE/DAC with regard to: cultures and other biocontrol agents; an MoU signed fund council meeting on intellectual assets and other between India and UAE pertaining to the scope of agenda items; germplasm exchange for the 7th meeting co-operation in agriculture and allied sciences and of the BRICS held during June 15-17, 2017; organizing identified areas for cooperation on various workshop on exchange/ transfer and sharing of phytosanitary issues; SPS and TBT issues in the MoU knowledge/ biological/genetic resources with foreign signed between India and Mauritius for the identified agencies held on June 8, 2017; and revised MTA/ areas towards co-operation on various phytosanitary SMTA notified by the competent authority for issues; and Article (5 & 6) dealing with phytosanitary germplasm exchange within the country and at co-operation through an MoU signed between India international level under the provisions of collaborative and Italy. research project. The MTAs were uploaded on ICAR- Inputs were provided, NBPGR website. 8.2.2 Inputs provided to MEA: vis-à-vis: co-operation and assistance with particular 8.2 Policy issues related to biosecurity focus on strengthening co-operation and assistance on Article X of BWC (biological weapons convention); 8.2.1 Inputs provided to ICAR/ DARE/ MoA&FW: Inputs were provided to ICAR/DARE/ MoA&FW on: Possibility for India making a contribution to the BWC Draft Biosecurity Bill, 2016 regarding establishment of Article X database. This could include opportunities a biosecurity board instead of an autonomous authority; for participation in training, seminars/ workshops, sections identified for revision of The Plant Quarantine collaborative research, access to literature etc. (Regulation of Import into India) Order 2003; and Updates on international cooperation and assistance Fusarium wilt disease (Panama lethal disease) caused activities especially on bio-safety and bio-security by Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 aspects being provided by India; difficulties faced in (FocTR4) to be taken up with Plant Protection Advisor obtaining equipment and material or other obstacles (PPA) to the Government of India for its immediate (training, visas, licenses etc.) in fields related to BWC; containment and eradication, vis-à-vis: review of developments in the field of Science and Technology related to BWC; and Strengthening • Necessary changes may be made in the Schedule National Implementation of BWC were given. V and VI of the Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into India) Order 2003 to contain the 8.2.3 Inputs provided to MoEF&CC: Fusarium infection during the import of Musa spp. Information was submitted in response to the invitation from various countries of the world. of CBD after its XIII CoP meeting in Cancun, Mexico • Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 during Dec. 2016 vide its decision XIII for comments (Foc TR4) causing bacterial wilt in banana may be by parties on invasive alien species on: included in the list of Regulated Non-quarantine a) Addressing the risk associated with the trade in Pests (those under domestic quarantine) as listed wildlife, invasive alien species sold via e- under Schedule XIII of the PQ Order so that commerce and invasive alien species moving with movement of Musa plants or plantlet as well as sea containers other alternate hosts and soil from wilt infected b) Risk analysis on biological control agents areas within India could be restricted/ prohibited. c) Decision support tools for management of invasive • Regular survey & surveillance to earmark its alien species distribution in the country should be undertaken for mapping its occurrence or spread on priority. d) The progress on the achievement of Aichi Biodiversity Target 9 • A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to be developed for pest detection to prevent or contain
PGR POLICY PLANNING UNIT 89 Regarding Aichi Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien (http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in/Germplasm_ Exchange/ species and pathways were to be identified and Procedure_for_Import.aspx) and provisions for prioritized, priority species are controlled or exporting the seed material under different categories eradicated, and measures are in place to manage were uploaded on the website (http:// pathways. www.nbpgr.ernet.in/Germplasm_Exchange/ Procedure_for_Export.aspx). National Report on the implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was presented in the Technical workshop in hindi language was organized Meeting of Parties of the CBD. along with Hindi Unit, for the staff, for generating awareness on Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and 8.2.4 Others: To facilitate, the procedural flow charts activities of Germplasm Exchange, on June 17, 2017. (Fig. 8.2) for import of germplasm into the country
Fig. 8.2: Flowchart for germplasm exchange. A: Export; B: Import.
Research Programme (Code: Title, Programme Leader) PGR/PPU – BUR-DEL-01-1.00: PGR management policy and back up research (Pratibha Bramhiamhi) Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates) PGR/PPU – BUR-DEL-01-01: Analysis of emerging policy issues on agro-biodiversity management and preparation of technical inputs for use by policy makers/Indian delegations at national and international meetings/ negotiations (Pratibha Brahmiahmi, SC Dubey, JC Rana (till 31st Aug. 2017), Gurinder Jit Randhawa, Veena Gupta, Kavita Gupta, Vandana Tyagi, SK Yadav, Sunil Archak, K Pradheep, Anita Pedapati (till 30th June 2017), Pragya (wef 17th July 2017) and Rajeev Gambhir) PGR/PPU – BUR-DEL-01-02: Policy issues related to biosecurity (SC Dubeyy, Kavita Gupta, Pratibha Brahmi and Gurinder Jit Randhawa)
90 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT UNIT 9 Summary: Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit (AKMU) at NBPGR is the center of PGR Informatics activities in ICAR. AKMU has evolved from a mere service providing cell (as ARIS) to a unit of software and database development, facilitating easy access to information and thereby efficient management and utilization of PGR. In 2017, AKMU consolidated the PGR Portal by increasing information on as many as 4,148 accessions. The PGR Portal was accessed from more than 50 countries with >3500 views per month during 2017. PGR Portal and GEQIS (Exchange and Quarantine) applications were modified and enriched with more features.
9.1 PGR Informatics report generation. Reports for crop-group wise collections and State-wise crop collections (Fig. 9.2) 9.1.1 Germplasm Exchange and Quarantine have also been included. Information System (GEQIS): Updated version of GEQIS (http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in:8080/geq/ login_user.aspx) was developed incorporating generation of new reports, enhanced data integrity by introducing automatic detection of data duplication, fee calculations and invoice/receipt printing incorporating new GST rules, allowing indigenous (IC) entry along with exotic (EC) entries. A screenshot of the same is provided here (Fig. 9.1).
Fig. 9.2: Updated version of genebank dashboard. 9.1.3 Germplasm Registration Information System: The Germplasm Registration Information System (www.nbpgr.ernet.in/registration) was developed to make the entire process of germplasm registration—
Fig. 9.1: Updated version of germplasm exchange information system. 9.1.2 Genebank Dashboard: Genebank dashboard (http://genebank.nbpgr.ernet.in/), developed and launched in year 2014-15, was improved with addition of new features including (i) information about curators Fig. 9.3: Newly developed Germplasm Registration handling respective crops; (ii) biological status based Information System.
AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT UNIT 91 Fig. 9.4: Website of network of GMO testing laboratories (NGTL) of India. submission of application, evaluation by experts and 9.2 Updates on PGR documentation and decision by Plant Germplasm Registration Committee— maintenance online, easy and fast (Fig. 9.3). With the advent of this st Status of various system, it is expected that the entire process of 9.2.1 Status as on 31 Dec. 2017: PGR activities updated in their corresponding germplasm registration is made simple, efficient and databases are provided in table 9.1. transparent. 9.2.2 Other information management activities: 9.1.4 Network of GMO testing laboratories (NGTL) of India: A website was designed, developed and i. Legacy data of more than 35,000 accessions hosted (http://gmolabs.nbpgr.ernet.in:9090/) on related to germplasm passport, genebank storage ‘GMO/LMO testing laboratories network of India’. and characterization were updated (correction/ Emphasis was given to develop the website using only completion) and ported to the PGR database. open-source tools and technologies. The web page ii. Provisions of new reports were made in PGR (Fig. 9.4) with dynamic information about GMO portal, passport information management system, detection laboratories, including contact details would genebank information management system, and facilitate in harmonizing the GMO/LMO detection germplasm characterization information activities in the country. management system, etc.
Table 9.1: Activities updated in various PGR databases. Information Activity Entries in 2017 Total entries Indigenous collections IC number allotment 3,529 5,19,741 Genebank information Data addition 4,148 3,64,421 Evaluation data (under CRP-AB) Data porting 35,641 1,52,771 Exotic collections EC number allotment 35,234 9,34,735 Plant germplasm registration Data addition 91 1,377
92 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 iii. In-house scripts were developed and Table 9.2: Important URLs maintained on AKMU implemented for regular maintenance as well as servers. back-up of databases and backing up of NBPGR NBPGR Homepage www.nbpgr.ernet.in website and applications were carried out as per PGR Portal pgrportal.nbpgr.ernet.in standard practices. Import Permit and EC exchange.nbpgr.ernet.in iv. NBPGR website and its twitter account were Data Search regularly updated. Genebank Dashboard genebank.nbpgr.ernet.in 9.2.3 Hardware, network and email maintenance National Herbarium of pgrinformatics.nbpgr.ernet.in/ a) The unit managed and maintained its own Crop Plants nhcp webserver, database server, security firewall, and Biosystematics Portal pgrinformatics.nbpgr.ernet.in/ LAN in three series with ~400 nodes connecting cwr computers, printers and servers at NBPGR PGR Climate www.nbpgr.ernet.in:8080/ headquarters. climate/ b) As an additional responsibility, Aadhaar Enabled Registered Crop www.nbpgr.ernet.in/ Biometric Attendance System (AEBAS) configured Germplasm registration/ with UIDAI-RD Service at NBPGR headquarters Multi-location Evaluation www.nbpgr.ernet.in/tsgi/ was maintained. Database index.htm c) Anti-virus software licenses (console-based with Digital Library of Bruchids 202.141.12.150/bruchid- library/ 150 users) were maintained to ensure data security and safety. Network of GMO Testing gmolabs.nbpgr.ernet.in Laboratories (NGTL) of 9.2.4 Important URLs maintained on AKMU India servers: list of important URLs pertaining to PGR National Genomic www.nbpgr.ernet.in:8080/ management activities are provided in table 9.2. Resource Repository NGRR
Research Programme (Code: Title, Programme Leader) PGR/AKMU-BUR-DEL-01.01: PGR Informatics (Shashi Bhalla) Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates) PGR/AKMU-BUR-DEL-01.01: PGR Informatics (S ArchakArchak, Shashi Bhalla, Madhu Bala Priyadarshi, Rajeev Gambhir, A Pedapati (till 30th June 2017), DP Semwal, MC Singh, J. Radhamani and Rita Rani) Externally funded project 098-ICAR-AKMU-SA-014 (ICAR National Fellowship funded): Development and implementation of novel algorithms and software modules for PGR informatics (S ArchakArchak)
AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT UNIT 93 REGIONAL STATION, AKOLA 10 Summary: Two explorations were undertaken and a total of 150 accessions of different crops (Safflower, linseed, Corchorus spp., Hibiscus spp., Aloe vera and Crotalaria juncea) was collected from 15 districts of Maharashtra during 2017. A total of 592 accessions comprising safflower, linseed and chickpea (203) during Rabi 2016-17 and green gram, black gram, barnyard millet, finger millet, okra and winged bean (389) during Kharif 2017 were characterized and evaluated. Multiplied and regenerated 2,139 accessions of various crops species. Supplied a total of 1007 accessions of various crop species for research purposes to 24 users within India. A total of 20,488 accessions of various crops/species germplasm comprising oilseeds (10,002), pulses (4,884), vegetables (1,876), potential crops (1,399), millets (1,433), wild relatives of crop plants (890) and others (4) are being maintained at medium-term-storage.
10.1 Exploration and collection of germplasm C. olitorius (23), C. tridens (01), C. trilocularis (09), C. fascicularis (06), C. pseudo-olitorius (02), C. Under the national exploration program, safflower (63) depressus (02), Hibiscus sabdariffa (22; Fig. 10.2A & and linseed (02) germplasm were collected from 53 b B), H. cannabinus (07), Aloe vera (04; Fig. 10.2C) sites from Beed, Osmanabad, Hingoli, Latur, Parbhani, and Crotalaria juncea (02) were collected. Three Nanded, Satara, Sangli and Solapur districts of species viz., C. depressus, C. pseudo-olitorius and Maharashtra during 4-13 March 2017 (Fig. 10.1). C. tridens were of very rare occurrence. High variability Safflower leaves are used for curry (bhaji) and seeds in H. sabdariffa for fruit colour and plant morphology for extracting edible oil (known as Gode oil). Few of and a unique C. juncea germplasm (SG/AA/26) with the collected accessions are noted by farmers to have high pod number (Fig. 10.2D) was collected. high oil percentage and aphid resistant. The safflower seeds at milky stage (soaked overnight and ground) can be used as stuffing by mixing with chickpea flour, salt and methi leaves for Paratha/Dosa (locally known as Dhirda) preparations.
Fig. 10.1: Safflower collection from Maharastra.
Another exploration for collection of Corchorus spp., Hibiscus spp. and Aloe vera was carried out from Buldana, Jalgaon, Dhule, Nandurbar and adjoining Fig. 10.2: Exploration and collection in Maharastra in districts of Maharashtra during 23rd Nov. – 03rd Dec. collaboration with CRIJAF, Barrackpore. A and B: 2017 in collaboration with CRIJAF, Barrackpore. In total, Hibiscus sabdariffa green and pink calyx, respectively; 85 accessions that include, Corchorus aestuans (07), C: Aloe vera; D: Crotalaria juncea bearing high pod number.
94 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 10.3: Rabi 2016-17 crop evaluation. A: Linseed; B: Chickpea; C: Safflower.
10.2 Characterization and evaluation of accessions identified for various traits are: number of germplasm primary branches per plant IC428081 (10.0); plant height IC396790 (46.1cm); number of pods per plant A total of 592 accessions comprising 203 accessions EC219981 (79.4); seed yield per plant IC396725 during Rabi 2016-17 and 389 accessions during Kharif (14.35g) and 100 seed weight JAKI (18.54g). 2017 were characterized and evaluated. Crop-wise accessions characterized were safflower (64), linseed A total of 64 safflower germplasm (60+4 checks) were (79) and chickpea (60) during Rabi 2016-17 and in evaluated in an augmented design. High variability kharif 2017, green gram (23), black gram (35), barnyard was observed for most of the traits viz., plant height millet (60), fingermillet (150), okra (63) and winged EC478354 (80.50cm); number of capitula per plant bean (58). The experiments were conducted in ABD/ EC181271 (25.20); diameter of capitula EC478354 RBD and the morpho-agronomical characters were (2.52cm); number of seeds per capitula EC478354 recorded as per the minimal descriptors. (29); seed yield per plant EC181263 (14.07g); 100 seed weight EC181656 (5.7g). 10.2.1 Rabi crop characterization and evaluation: Totally, three crops (Fig. 10.3) during Rabi 2016-17 were 10.2.2 Kharif crop characterization and evaluation: characterized and evaluated viz., linseed, chickpea Totally, six crops were characterized and evaluated and safflower. (Fig. 10.4) during Kharif 2017 viz., greengram, black gram, barnyard millet, fingermillet, okra and winged Linseed multi-location replicated trial was conducted bean. using 22 germplasm and four checks. Data revealed best performing accessions for various traits viz., days A total of 23 mungbean accessions collected from to 50% flowering: IC96490 and IC96549 (64 days); South Gujarat were characterized in RBD with four plant height (cm) EC718842 (69.32); seed yield per checks (Green Gold, PKV M-4, AKM 8802, BM 2003- plant IC96490 (2.69g) and 100 seed weight IC96489 2). Best performing genotypes for various traits of study (0.79g). In another Linseed characterization and were: Days to 50% flowering PTP/DC/AMP44 (36 evaluation trial, 57 accessions were evaluated using days); plant height IC0617816 (118.0 cm); Pod clusters four checks in RBD with two replicates. Best performing per plant PKV AKM-4 (7.2); whereas highest number accessions were: days to 50% flowering IC054951 of pods per cluster was recorded in BM 2003-2 (5.5). and IC 208460 (80 days); plant height IC118883 Thirty five accessions from South Gujarat collections (53.55cm); number of capsules per plant IC096518 and three checks (Black Gold, AKU-15 and TAU-1) of (87); seed yield per plant IC096707 (2.44g); 100 seed blackgram were evaluated in RBD with two weight IC096657 (0.76g). replications. Promising accessions for various traits A total of 60 chickpea genotypes along with five were: Days to 50% flowering IC0617772 (39 days); checks (Vijay, SAKI, JAKI, PG12 and Warangal) were Higher number of branches per plant PTP/DC/AMP47 evaluated in an augmented trial. High variability was (7.40). observed for days to 50% flowering (64-76 days). A total of 60 barnyard millet accessions including five The genotypes IC396751, IC396759 and IC396751 checks (KL-1, TNAU 101, VL 29, VL 129 and VL 172) (64 days) recorded early flowering. The promising
REGIONAL STATION, AKOLA 95 were evaluated in RBD with two replications. Promising evaluated in an augmented design. Promising accessions for various traits studied were: IEC 566 accessions identified were: pod length IC 95239 (16.6 (162.38 cm) for plant height; IEC 566 for inflorescence cm); pod wing width EC 38825 (3.16 cm); number of length, inflorescence width, raceme length and 100 green pods per plot EC 121919-2 (400); 100 seed seed weight; IC 97034 (30.6) for number of racemes; weight EC 38821-2 (35.63g); number of seeds per and IC 338960 (33.52g) for seed yield per plant. pod EC121919-2 (11.0). A genotype (EC 27886-A3) with purple colour pods (Fig. 10.4B) was identified to A total of 150 finger millet accessions and six checks be unique. (BR 708, GPU 28, HR 374, JK 439, MR 6 and VL 149) were grown in an augmented design for morpho- 10.2.3 All India Coordinated Research Network on agronomical characterization. Promising genotypes Potential Crops: Five entries of winged bean in IVT identified for various traits were: Plant height IC 71418- and AVT level of testing along with two checks (Indira A (121.36cm); productive tillers per plant IC 49998- winged bean-1and AKWB-1) were evaluated during A, IC 87483 (5.8); ear head length IC 87487 (13.0 cm); kharif 2017. Best entries identified for high number of number of fingers per ear head IC 49983 (8.6); finger pods per plant in AKWB-1 (9.0); for pod length PWB- length IC 87487 (10.62cm); seed yield per plant IC 11-2 (15.50 cm) and 100 seed weight RWB-13-5 49942 (8.70g) and 1000 seed weight IC 43276-A (34.76g). (2.92g). Sixty-six okra accessions including three checks (AKO 10.3 Regeneration and multiplication of 107, Akola Bahar and Selection-2) were evaluated in germplasm. RBD with two replications. Superior accessions noted were: very short intermodal length in EC 359939 During the period under report, a total of 2139 (2.3cm); fruit length in IC 009856-C (17.62 cm); fruit accessions were grown for regeneration and width EC 306696 (1.55 cm); number of fruits per plant multiplication. This includes chickpea mini-core (404), in EC 305731 (53.5); 100 seed weight in IC 013664- safflower (1,829), greengram (200) and horsegram B (6.93g); and seeds per fruit were lowest in EC (110). 305745-1 (25.8). 10.4 Germplasm supply Supplied 1,007 germplasm of various crops/species to 24 users within India for their research purposes under MTA. The crops/species (accessions) supplied were horse gram (131), sesame (122), niger (30), cultivated okra (280), winged bean (160), foxtail millet (71), rice (32) and finger millet (165). A total of 16 chickpea accessions were sent to LTS for conservation. Foundation and certified seeds were produced for Maharashtra State Seed Corporation Limited (MSSCL) “MAHABEEJ” on about 10 acres of farm area for mung bean and jute crops. 10.5 Germplasm in the MTS at Akola Fig. 10.4: Kharif 2017 crop evaluation. A: Green and black A total of 20,488 accessions of various crops/species gram; B: Wingedbean (purple pod); C: Okra (short internode length). germplasm comprising oilseeds (10,002), pulses (4,884), vegetables (1,876), potential crops (1,399), A total of 50 winged bean genotypes and three checks millets (1,433), wild relatives of crop plants (890) and (AKW-1, AKWB-1 and Indira winged bean-1) were others (4) are being maintained under MTS of the station.
96 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Research Programme (Code, Title, Programme Leader) PGR/GEV-BUR-AKO-01.00: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources in the Central Indian Plains (N DikshitDikshit). Research Projects (Code: PI, Co-PIs and Associates) PGR/GEV-BUR-AKO-01.01: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of cereals, pulses (pigeon pea and chickpea), vegetables (okra) and underutilized crops (winged bean and amaranth) (Dinesh Chand, N Dikshit and Sunil S Gomashe). PGR/GEV-BUR-AKO-01.02: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of oil seeds (sesame, niger, castor, groundnut, safflower, soybean and linseed), millets and small millets (N Dikshitshit, Dinesh Chand and Sunil S Gomashe).
REGIONAL STATION, AKOLA 97 REGIONAL STATION, BHOWALI 11 Summary: A total of 1887 accessions were characterized/evaluated for morpho-agronomic traits, and 12517 acc. were conserved (11266 in MTS facility and 1251 in the Field Gene Bank). A total of 1666 accessions were supplied to scientists/other indenters across the country for research use. Elite rooted planting materials (11653 nos.) of horticultural crops, M&AP and WEUP were supplied to different farmers/indenters. Besides, various community level activities were undertaken on aspects related to native food culture, indigenous food sovereignty, food-based approaches to community nutrition and health.
11.1 Germplasm collection and exploration (1) were collected from Nainital, Pauri Garhwal and Almora districts of Uttarakhand. During reporting period, three explorations were undertaken and a total of 212 accessions comprising 11.2 Germplasm characterization agri-horticultural crops and medicinal plants were regeneration and evaluation collected. First exploration was undertaken in A total of 1332 accessions including lentil (982 accs.), collaboration with NBPGR headquarters, New Delhi Triticum spp. (101), Avena spp. (27 accs.), Aegilops and 50 accessions comprising of Myrica esculenta spp. (87 accs.), mustard (27 accs.) and others (108 (10), Rubus ellipticus (10; Fig. 11.1A), Lens culinaris (9), accs.) during Rabi 2016-17; and a total of 804 Brassica nigra (7), B. juncea var. juncea (7), B. juncea accessions including amaranths (520), rice (61), minor var. rugosa (2) and B. juncea var. campestris (5) were millets (10), soybean and other legumes (145), Ocimum collected from Rudraprayag, Chamoli, Bageshwar, spp. (58) during Kharif 2017 were grown for Almora and Nainital districts of Uttarakhand. In the characterization/evaluation and seed regeneration. second exploration, a total of 133 germplasm were collected from farm households of three tribal belts of Lentil characterization (Table 11.1) was performed with parts of Uttarakhand, Jaunsar (Dehradun), Jaunpur five checks, VL 1, VL 105, VL 830, PL 406 and PL 639. (Tehri) and Purola valley (Uttarkashi). The crops No pod shedding was observed on 84 acc. collected comprise, paddy (21), maize (9), amaranths (8), from Uttarakhand hills; and 33 acc. exhibited black barnyard millet (6), finger millet (10), foxtail millet (3), seed coat colour which are considered to be rich in Phaseolus coccineus (1), P. vulgaris (12), cowpea (3), antioxidants and better nutritionally. soybean (2), horsegram (5), blackgram (3), sesame (2), perilla (4), cleome (1), wheat (5), barley (5), lentil Amaranths (520) comprising Amaranthus (8), fieldpea (3), Brassica juncea (7), B. campestris hypochondriacus, A. cruentus and A. caudatus were (1), B. rugosa (1) coriander (4), fenugreek (5) and characterized (Table 11.1; Fig. 11.2). Majority of the spinach (4). In the third exploration, 29 accessions of accessions belonged to species A. hypochondriacus. horticultural and medicinal crops including Costus Maximum diversity was recorded for seed colour, speciosus (11; Fig. 11.1B), Malus baccata (15; Fig. 11.1C), ranging from creamish white, pale yellow, golden, Rubus paniculatus (1), R. macilantus (1) and R. biflorus brown, pink to black that diversifies its utility from dietary to religious uses.
Fig. 11.1: Prominent collections during exploration. A: R. ellipticus; B: C. speciosus; C: M. baccata.
98 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Table 11.1: Variability in lentil and amaranth germplasm.
Lentil Amaranth
Traits (min-max) Promising accessions Traits (min-max) Promising accessions identified identified
Days to 50% flowering EC223210, EC223219, Days to 50% flowering IC340894, IC340903, (101-144 days) EC223220, EC223221 (53-83 days) IC340971, IC279807
Plant height IC78418, IC201530 Plant height IC037157, IC340943, (17.73-139.8 cm ) (47.5-255.0 cm) NC509934, IC340918
Pods per plant (9.67-51) EC78388, EC78391, Inflorescence length IC042008, IC266778, EC267686, EC267530 (9.0-123.6 cm) IC279807, IC341371
Seeds per pod (1-2) EC267686, EC267530, No. of branches per IC356019, IC360854, EC267583, IC139821 plant (0-32.0) IC279462, IC360825
Days to 80% maturity EC223150, EC225503, Days to 80% maturity IC444105, IC340894, (147-192) EC225495 (74.0-137.0 days) IC340971, IC340839
100 seed weight EC329164, EC255504, 1000 seed weight IC506563, IC506544, (1.00-6.45 g) EC267557, EC223214 (0.3-1.15 g) IC362257, IC042281-16
Fig. 11.2: Amaranth characterization. A: Field view; B: Inflorescence diversity.
11.3. Germplasm conservation in MTS and Allium spp. (156), arborescent plant species (178), FGB M&AP (445), bamboosetum (38), temperate forage grasses (10) and Hordeum bulbosum (1) are being A total of 11,266 accessions including cereals (3,345), maintained in field gene bank (FGB) of the station. pseudocereals (568), millets (552), legumes (3,782), oilseeds (540), vegetables (1,563), spices and 11.4 Germplasm supply condiments (716), medicinal and aromatic plants (180) A total of 1,666 germplasm accessions including and ornamentals (20) were maintained in MTS module horsegram (251), lentil (988), chilies (50), soybean of the station. A total of 1,251 accessions of different (80), chamomile (1), cucumber (15), pea (10), wheat crops viz. fruit crops (314), flowering perennials (109), (84) and barley (187) were supplied to different
REGIONAL STATION, BHOWALI 99 indenters. A total of 10,635 live rooted planting 11.5.3 Exploration for Hemidesmus indicus and materials of M&AP including rosemary (10,565), Costus speciosus: For chemotyping and molecular lavender (60), geranium (5) and brahmi (5), and a profiling of H. indicus and C. speciosus adapted to total of 1,018 live rooted plants of horticultural crops different phytogeographical zones; an exploration for including kiwi (297), passion fruit (8), apricot (2), kagzi collection of C. speciosus was done from different lime (298), hill lemon (41), malta (231), strawberry (115), agro-ecologies of Kumaun and Garhwal region of gladiolus (25) and bamboos (1) were supplied to Uttarakhand and 11 populations of C. speciosus were farmers/other indenters. collected. The collected material were planted at RS, Bhowali and part of the samples were dried and 11.5 Supportive research preserved for phyto-chemical analysis at CSIR-NBRI, 11.5.1 Phytochemicals from threatened medicinal Lucknow. plants: For the production of phytochemicals from 11.5.4 Indigenous land and food systems in threatened medicinal plants viz., Coleus spp., (15 acc.) Uttarakhand: A case study on traditional knowledge and Gloriosa superba (12 acc.) are being maintained on use of wild foods in agricultural system in Indian and conserved in field gene bank and in pots under Himalayan region was conducted. Local farming green house / nethouse conditions. communities gather and consume many edible wild 11.5.2 Anti-oxidant activity from Ocimum spp.: plant resources, forming an important component of Anti-oxidant activity in leaves of O. basilicum var. their dietary diversity. This study documents a total of pilosum, O.b. var. basilicum, O.b. var. glabratum, O.b. about 335 plant species, harvested from wild var. difforme, O.b. var. purpurascens, O.b. var. (Fig. 11.3), as leaves, fruits, flowers, tubers, seeds, thyrsiflora, O. viride, O. gratissimum, O. tenuiflorum twigs, etc. under different farming agro-ecologies that (green type), O. tenuiflorum (purple type), O. form minor but important food components of the rural kilimandascharium and O. citriodorum were measured communities. The study clearly demonstrated that we using FRAP, DPPH and ABTS assay. Antioxidant activity need a policy support to combine and enhance the by ABTS assay ranged between 0.95-14.63 mg AAE/ efforts to conserving biodiversity and preserving ml with maximum activity in O. kilimandascharium traditional food systems and farming practices. (14.63 mg/ml) and minimum in O. citriodorum (0.95 11.5.5 Mainstreaming farmers’ varieties in mg AAE/ml). The total antioxidant activity observed Himachal and Uttarakhand: A total of 133 farmers’ through DPPH assay varied from 12.84 to 160.65 mg varieties (FV) were collected from farm households of AAE/ml DW. O. tenuiflorum showed maximum activity three tribal belts of parts of Uttarakhand, Jaunsar (160.65 mg AAE/ml) and O.b. var pilosum minimum (Dehradun), Jaunpur (Tehri) and Purola valley (12.84 mg AAE/ml). Antioxidant activity measured by (Uttarkashi). The unique features of FV are being FRAP assay showed maximum activity in O. tenuiflorum validated through on-station trials. type green (100.14 mg AAE/ml) and minimum in O.b. var purpurascens (0.82 mg AAE/ml).
Fig. 11.3: Wild harvested food species. A: Berberis asiatica; B: Ficus sp.
100 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Programme (Code, Title and Programme leader)
PGR/PGC-BHO-01.00 Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of the Northern Himalayas and adjoining plains (SK Verma (till 28th June 2017), IS Bisht (wef 29th June 2017)).
Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates)
PGR/PGC-BHO-01.01: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of field crops with emphasis on ethno-botanical aspects (SK Verma (till 28th June 2017), M AryaArya, (wef 7th July 2017); IS Bisht; PS Mehta and R Joshi).
PGR/PGC-BHO-01.02: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of temperate horticultural crops (SK Verma (till 28th June 2017), KM Rai (wef 29th June 2017)).
PGR/PGC-BHO-01.03: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of medicinal and aromatic, wild economically useful, rare and endangered species (SK Verma (till 28th June 2017), KM Rai (wef 29th June 2017), M Arya (wef 7th July 2017) and A Raina).
PGR/PGC-BHO-01.04: Strengthening benefit enhancing options of native crop diversity for sustainable food, nutrition and livelihood security of farmer households: a case study from Uttarakhand Himalayas (IS BishtBisht, SK Verma (till 28th June 2017), KM Rai (wef 1st April 2017), M Arya (wef 7th July 2017), PS Mehta).
Externally funded projects • Production of phytochemicals from best chemotypes of some threatened medicinal plants through modified cultivation and in vitro production technologies (SK Verma (till 28th June 2017), KM Rai (wef 29th June 2017)). • Collecting of Ocimum spp germplasm and identification of elite species to develop agro-techniques for cultivation (SK Verma (till 28th June 2017), KM Rai (wef 29th June 2017)). • Chemotyping and molecular profiling of bioactive metabolites in Hemidesmus indicus and Costus speciosus, adopted to different phytogeographical zones (SK Verma (till 28th June 2017), KM Rai (wef 29th June 2017)). • Mainstreaming Farmer’s Varieties in Himachal and Uttarakhand (IS BishtBisht).
REGIONAL STATION, BHOWALI 101 BASE CENTRE, CUTTACK 12 Summary: Three explorations were undertaken and 207 accessions comprising cultivated rice, wild rice, cotton, wild relatives of Abelmoschus and Cucumis species were collected from West Bengal, Karnataka and Odisha. A set of 316 accessions comprising cultivated rice (162), wild Oryza species (95), Ocimum spp. (41), Hibiscus sabdariffa (18) was characterized and 53 accessions comprising rice (12) and Ocimum spp. (41) were evaluated for identification of trait-specific donors. A total of 3366 accessions of agri-horticultural crops were multiplied and 1541 accessions were deposited in NGB. In all, 2609 accessions were supplied for research purposes. The field gene bank conserves 579 accessions comprising agri-horticultural crops of economic value and 1350 herbarium specimens are being maintained at the centre. An awareness programme on PGR management and an orientation training for germplasm collection, characterization, maintainance and conservation was organized under TSP.
12.1 Exploration and germplasm collection The second exploration was for rice landraces including trait-specific germplasm for salinity tolerance and During 2017, three explorations were undertaken for Vigna marina from Uttar Kannada, Dakshin Kannada, collection of cotton (salt and waterlogging tolerant, Udupi and Shivamogga districts of Karnataka in perennial types), rice landraces (salinity tolerance), collaboration with ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack and UAS, Vigna mariana and wild relatives of Abelmoschus and Dharwad. A total of 69 accessions comprising Oryza Cucumis spp. from West Bengal, Karnataka and sativa (66), Calopogonium mucunoides (1), Solanum Odisha. A total of 207 germplasm accessions were viarum (1) and Solanum violaceum (1) were collected collected. from 41 collection sites. The landraces like Bili Kagga, The first exploration for collection of cotton (salt and Red Ajaga and Rajamudi are reported to be salt tolerant waterlogging tolerant, perennial types) from genotypes. Sundarban swamp areas (South and North 24- In the third exploration, wild relatives of Abelmoschus Pargana districts) of West Bengal was undertaken in and Cucumis spp. from Kalahandi, Nuapada and collaboration with ICAR-CICR, Nagpur. A total of 44 Nabarangpur districts of Odisha were collected in accessions comprising Gossypium hirsutum (32; Fig. collaboration with ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi. A total of 94 12.1A), G. barbadense var. brasiliensis (8), G. germplasm accessions comprising of Cucumis sativus barbadense var. barbadense (1), Abelmoschus var. hardwickii (28), C. melo ssp. agrestis (29), C. moschatus (2) and saline tolerant Ocimum sanctum callosus (8; Fig. 12.1B), Abelmoschus ficulneus (9), A. (1) were collected from 40 collection sites.
Fig. 12.1: Collections during explorations. A: Salinity tolerant G. hirsutum; B: C. callosus.
102 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 tuberculatus (6), A. tetraphyllus var. tetraphyllus (3), coronarium (1) were collected from Karlapat and A. esculentus (1), A. crinitus (1), Ocimum gratissimium Sunabeda wildlife sanctuaries along with major tribal (2), O. kilimandscharicum (2), Mucuna pruriens var.utilis dominated regions of Eastern Ghats. Around 30 (1), Solanum esculentum var. cerasiforme (1), S. viarum herbarium plant specimens were preserved for future (1), Hibiscus panduriformis (1) and Hedychium reference.
New taxon record of Abelmoschus angulosus var. mahendragiriensis R.C.Misra A natural population of wild okra (Abelmoschus sp.) was identified in a gorge on Mahendragiri mountain range, Eastern Ghats, Odisha that resembled A. angulosus var. purpureus. Further study revealed striking differences viz., larger leaves, small sized petals, narrowly conical to oblong beaked capsules and reniform seeds with brown trichomes. On critical examination of morphological features, study of literature/ herbarium specimens and SEM analyses of seeds, the plant was identified to be a new taxonomic variety: Abelmoschus angulosus var. mahendragiriensis R.C.Misra, (Fig. 12.2) and reported as new distributional record from India. The local inhabitants of Saura tribes of Mahendragiri hills consume the tender fruits and leaves of this plant as vegetable curry along with day meal.
Fig. 12.2: Abelmoschus angulosus var. mahendragiriensis R.C.Misra, A: Fruit; B: Plant; C: SEM image of test cells of the seed.
12.2 Germplasm characterization characterized in RBD with two replicates, for 28 agro- morphological traits of qualitative (shape, size and Germplasm (4,072) comprising cultivated rice (3,890), color) and quantitative nature. wild rice (95), Hibiscus sabdariffa (18), H. cannabinus (1), H. aculeatus (1), H. panduriformis (1), Ocimum spp. Ocimum germplasm (41) comprising O. americanum (43), Mucuna pruriens (8) and Abelmoschus spp. (15) (8), O. tenuiflorum (8), O. basilicum (8), O. citriodorum were characterized preliminarily, out of which, a set (7), O. gratissimum (8) and O. kilimandscharicum (2) of 316 accessions comprising cultivated rice (162), wild were evaluated for 32 agro-morphological and Oryza spp. (95), Ocimum spp. (41), Hibiscus sabdariffa economic traits in RBD with two replications. The (18) was characterized for morpho-agronomic traits. promising genotypes identified for highest herbage yield and essential oil yield/ plant in respect of each Cultivated rice germplasm (162) along with six checks species are mentioned in table 12.2. (Panidhan, Ketakijoha, Tulsi, Kalajira, Jyoti, Geetanjali) and wild rice germplasm (95; Table 12.1) were
AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT UNIT 103 Table 12.1: Range of variation among wild rice germplasm. Traits Oryza nivara Oryza rufipogon Min. Max. Min. Max. Plant height (cm) 68.98 (W-240) 191.83 (W-354) 130.54 (W-574) 155.00 (W-839)
Effective booting tillers 5.50 (W-225) 23.33 (W-109) 10.50 (W-726) 19.20 (W-574)
Leaf length (cm) 25.32 (W-271) 61.82 (W-239) 41.35 (W-726) 53.78 (W-839)
Leaf width (cm) 0.45 (W-225) 1.20 (W-239) 1.00 (W-574) 1.05 (W-726)
Ligule length (cm) 0.82 (W-329) 3.46 (W-239) 2.15 (W-726) 2.96 (W-839) Panicle length (cm) 15.28 (W-290) 32.74 (W-239) 27.25 (W-726) 31.02 (W-574)
Table 12.2: Herbage yield and essential oil content of promising genotypes in Ocimum sp. S.No. Species Herbage yield/plant Essential oil yield/ (g) max. value plant(ml) max. value 1. Ocimum tenuiflorum 429.00 (IC599368) 1.8 (IC599368, 599347, 599286)
2. O. gratissimum 785.88 (IC589184) 3.2 (IC589184,599344)
3. O. basilicum 567.38 (IC599337) 1.6 (IC599318, 599326)
4. O. americanum 458.30 (IC599362) 1.2 (IC599362,599329)
5. O. kilimandscharicum 482.10 (IC599299) 1.8 (IC599299)
6. O. citriodorum 495.20 (IC599354) 2.3 (IC599354, 599357)
Hibiscus sabdariffa (18 acc.), a potential leafy 49.6%). The result revealed highest survival % of vegetable, was characterized for 34 agro- 81.57% in case of IC618918 with internode elongation morphological and economic traits in RBD with two (44.3%) and lowest internode elongation was replications. The superior genotypes, viz., IC610799, observed in case of IC618927. 610800 and 619334 were identified for leaves, calyx and seeds, respectively. 12.3.2 Biochemical evaluation of Hibiscus sabdariffa: Leaf and calyx samples of H. sabdariffa, 12.3 Germplasm evaluation commonly used as leafy vegetable by the rural/ tribes of Odisha, were harvested from the plants grown at 12.3.1 Evaluation of rice germplasm for the centre. The powder samples (10 acc) were submergence tolerance: A set of cultivated rice (12 evaluated separately for nutritional components. acc.) collected from coastal region of Odisha and West Among them, the genotypes IC610799 and IC614084 Bengal in collaboration with ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack was were found promising in respect of higher protein, fat, evaluated for submergence tolerance during Kharif sugar, starch, phenol, iron and copper in the leaves 2017 in controlled condition (cemented tanks of 1.5m and calyx. depth) with four checks viz., Swarna sub-1, Jalamagna (tolerant) and IR-42, IR-64 (susceptible). Observations 12.3.3 Scanning electron microscopy of seeds: were recorded on 40 days old seedlings submerged Scanning electron micrographs representing surface for 13 days, for survival percentage, length of pattern of seeds of Abelmoschus angulosus var. internode before and after submergence and % of mahendragiriensis, were examined for comparison internode elongation. The accessions viz., IC618918 with other known taxa. The micrographs revealed: in and IC618927 were identified as promising for non- the newly described taxa, the hairs are in concentric elongating submergence tolerance as compared with rings, unicellular, bulbous based, elongated, tapering best check Swarna sub-1 (survival percentage- towards apex, length ranges from 90 to 150 μm. The 76.31%) and Jalamagna (internode elongation- epidermal cells are conspicuous, forming a distinct
104 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 regular reticulum, mostly hexagonal, thick walled and aroid crops (45), leafy vegetables (18), Ocimum spp. more or less with uniform thickening. (44), Mucuna spp. (8), economic plants and oil seeds (29), wild Oryza spp. (169), wild relatives of crops 12.3.4 Estimation of L-Dopa in Mucuna spp.: Seed (72) including Abelmoschus angulosus (3), A. ficulneus samples of Mucuna pruriens (5) and M. monosperma (5), A. moschatus (2), A. tetraphyllus (5), H. (1) collected from wild habitats of different agro- cannabinus (1), H. aculeatus (1), H. panduriformis (1), ecological zones of Odisha were analyzed for Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (7), C. callosus (4), C. estimation of L-Dopa. M. pruriens var. pruriens melo var. agrestis (3), Solanum sisymbrifolium (1), S. (IC599290) having black coloured seeds showed esculentum var. cerasiforme (1), Costus spp. (5), highest L-dopa content (>7%) after validation for four Hedychium coronarium (1), and Nicandra physalodes consequent years. Other promising accessions of M. (1) were maintained in the FGB of the centre. Medicinal pruriens identified for high L-dopa content (>6.0%) and aromatic plants (257) comprise mainly: were IC599342, IC599336, IC599361 and Abelmoschus moschatus, Hedychium coronarium, H. IC599350. coccineum, H. flavescens, Mucuna pruriens, M. 12.4 Germplasm multiplication monosperma, M. nigricans, Ocimum basilicum, O. citriodorum, Ocimum kilimandscharicum, O. Germplasm (3,366) comprising cultivated rice (2,995), americanum, O. tenuiflorum, O. gratissimum, Nicandra wild Oryza spp. (169), wild cucurbits (43), Ocimum physalodes, Argyreia nervosa, Asparagus racemosus, spp. (43), Mucuna pruriens (8), Hibiscus sabdariffa (18), Bacopa monnieri, Saraca asoca, Celastrus paniculata, H. cannabinus (1), H. aculeatus (1), H. panduriformis Centella asiatica, Corchorus capsularis, Gardenia (1), Dioscorea spp. (21), Abelmoschus angulosus (3), gummifera, Hibiscus panduriformis, Hemidesmus A. ficulneus (5), A. moschatus (2), A. tetraphyllus (5), indicus, Litsea glutinosa, Mallotus philippensis, Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (7), C. callosus (4), C. Nyctanthes arbortristis, Oroxylum indicum, Piper melo var. agrestis (3) Costus spp. (5), Carthamus longum, Plumbago rosea, Pterocarpus santalinus, tinctorius (13), Linum usitatissimum (16) Nicandra Rauvolfia serpentina, Scindapsus officinalis, Stevia physalodes (1), Solanum sisymbrifolium (1) and S. rebaudiana, Strychnos potatorum, Solanum esculentum var. cerasiforme (1) were regenerated for sisymbrifolium, Tinospora cordifolia, Watakaka conservation. volubilis etc. 12.5 Germplasm supply 12.7 Herbarium preservation: A total of 134 accessions comprising cultivated rice Voucher specimens (>1,350) comprising CWRs, rare/ (38), wild rice (37), G. hirsutum (32), G. barbadense endangered and high valued M&AP and other (9), Mucuna pruriens (5), M. monosperma (1) and economically useful plants collected from parts of Dioscorea spp. (12) were supplied to different Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal, Mizoram, Tripura and organizations for research purpose. Manipur were preserved in the herbarium of the 12.6 Germplasm conservation in NGB and centre. Notable specimens augmented were: FGB Abelmoschus angulosus var. mahendragiriensis, A. a. var. grandiflorus, A. moschatus, A. tetraphyllus var. A total of 1,541 accessions comprising cultivated rice pungens, Hedychium coronarium, Hibiscus sabdariffa, (1,499), wild rice (5), wild cucurbits (28), A. moschatus H. panduriformis, Carthamus tinctorius and Linum (2), Hibiscus sabdariffa (2), Ocimum citriodorum (2) usitatissimum. A set of 75 processed herbarium and one accession each of O. basilicum, O. specimens including two type specimens of tenuiflorum and Mallotus philippensis were deposited Abelmoschus angulosus var. mahendragiriensis were in NGB, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. supplied to NHCP, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. A total of 579 accessions comprising medicinal and aromatic plants (257), horticultural crops (6), tuber/
AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT UNIT 105 Research Programme (Code, Title, Leader)
PGR/EXP-BUR-CUT-01.00 Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation documentation and distribution of plant genetic resources of Odisha and adjoining regions (DR Pani)
Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates)
PGR/EXP-BUR-CUT- 01.01- Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of agricultural and horticultural crops in Odisha and adjoining regions. (DR Pani and RC Misra)
PGR/EXP-BUR-CUT- 01.02- Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of medicinal & aromatic plants, wild economically useful and rare and endangered plants of Odisha and adjoining regions. (RC Misra and DR Pani)
106 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 REGIONAL STATION, HYDERABAD 13 Summary: Quarantine processing for 57,061 samples (25,188 imports; 31,518 + 355 exports) was performed and 87 phytosanitary certificates were issued. Import samples (7,106) infested/infected with pests/pathogens were salvaged and 132 export samples were detained due to heavy infestation. In total, 27,640 samples were released after quarantine. Quarantine services were extended to 39 organizations in South India. Post-entry quarantine inspection was conducted on 9,605 samples of different crops grown at PEQIA of ICRISAT (6187), ICRISAT glasshouse (692), private industries (2,686) and NBPGR greenhouse (40). One collaborative exploration was undertaken and 150 accessions of various crop groups were collected; of which, 107 accessions were multiplied for conservation in LTS of NGB. A total of 1099 accessions including linseed (100), amaranths (126),pillipesara (60), browntop millet (37), Italian millet (78), maize (65), sesame (308), brinjal (112), chillies (165), fieldbean (48) and Dolichos bean (30) were characterised / evaluated / multiplied. National supply of 932 germplasm was made to 27 institutes for research purposes.
13.1 Germplasm quarantine: pearlmillet (864), fingermillet (433), sunflower (646), groundnut (277), mustard (6), pigeonpea (5), chickpea A total of 57,061 samples comprising 25,188 import (252), chilli (161), tomato (272), brinjal (97), okra (115), and 31,518 (+355 Svalbard) export samples were bitter gourd (35), ridge gourd (19), pumpkin (21), received for quarantine processing. Quarantine service cucumber (6), squash (12), cabbage (7), amaranth was provided to 39 organizations located in Southern (7), Malabar spinach (4), Arabidopsis sp. (7), India. Medicago sativa (5), watermelon (2) and tobacco (11) 13.1.1 Import quarantine: Quarantine processing for imported from various countries was done. Number 25,188 samples including paddy (11342), maize of infected / infested samples (Fig. 13.1) salvaged or (7349), wheat (928), barley (225), sorghum (2080), rejected are provided in table 13.1.
Fig. 13.1: Colletotrichum spp. infection. A-D: C. acutatum on pumkin seed (A: Acervuli on seed surface; B: Magnified image of acervulus with setae; C: Acervulus with setae and conidial mass; D: Micrograph of fusiform conidia); E-H: C. dematium on sorghum seed (E: Acervuli on seed surface; F: Magnified view; G: Micrograph of acervulus with setae; H: Micrograph of conidia).
REGIONAL STATION, HYDERABAD 107 Table 13.1: Imported germplasm -salvaging details. tomato (75) and chilli (19), imported from USA. After treatments, seed samples (27,640; including samples Total number of 7,132; Fungi (7,106106; pathogenic- samples 6,800, saprophytes-306); Bacteria received and processed at the end of previous year infected/infested (55); Viruses (1919); Nematodes (00); but released during 2017) comprising paddy (12,212), Insects (1010) maize (7,643), wheat (969), barley (225), sorghum (2,078), pearlmillet (830), fingermillet (433), soybean No. of samples 7,106 salvaged (180), sunflower (168; Fig. 13.2), groundnut (277), mustard (6), chickpea (1,283), pigeonpea (5), sweet No. of samples 26 (Soybean: 19 due to BBSV, potato (737), chilli (160), tomato (206), brinjal (97), rejected CPSMV, GFLV, PSV, SMV, RpRSV + 1 due to downy mildew), Maize (6 bitter gourd (7), okra (50), pumpkin (21), cucumber due to fungal molds) (6), cabbage (7), amaranth (7), malabar spinach (4), Medicago (9), Arabidopsis sp. (7), watermelon (2) and No. of samples 7,106 tobacco (11) was released to respective indenters. released Major interceptions made are provided in table 13.2. The mandatory trisodium orthophosphate treatment (10% sol.) was given to the imported germplasm of
Fig. 13.2: Greymold (B. cinerea). A: Infected sunflower seed; B: Conidiophores and conidia-stereo microscope (sunflower); C: Conidiophores and conidia-compound microscope (sunflower); D: Infected Aegilops seed; E: Conidiophores and conidia- compound microscope (Aegilops). Table 13.2: Major interceptions made during import quarantine.
Crop Pests Country Aegilops sp. Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria longipes USA Maize Drechslera maydis and Rhizoctonia bataticola France Stenocarpella sp. USA Lasiodiplodia theobromae Thailand Pestalotia macrotricha Mexico, Zimbabwe Sitophilus granarius Mexico, Thailand Sorghum Choanephora sp., Phaeotrichoconis sp. and Mali Colletotrichum graminicola C. dematium Argentina Sunflower B. cinerea France Chickpea Stemphylium vesicarium USA B. cinerea Australia, Ethiopia Medicago sativa (Fig. 13.3) S. vesicarium USA A. zinniae Uruguay Okra Ascochyta sp. and Choanephora sp. USA Chilli D. setariae, Phoma sp. and Curvularia lunata Taiwan Brinjal Phoma sp. Taiwan Bittergourd Diplocladiella scalaroides and P. macrotricha Thailand
108 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 13.3: A-C: Phaeotrichoconis sp. infection on sorghum (A: Seed infection; B: Conidiophores and conidia; C: Conidium); D-F: Alternaria zinniae infection on Medicago sativa (D: Conidia and conidiophores; E: Close-up view; F: Conidium); G-I: Lasiodiplodia sp. on maize (G: Picnidial bodies alongwith mycelium; H: Conidia emerging from ruptured picnidium; I: Bicelled conidia)
Post-entry quarantine observations ICRISAT glasshouse: Germplasm (692) comprising finger millet (27), groundnut (277) and sorghum (284), Post-entry quarantine inspection was conducted on meant for ICRISAT; limabean (29), amaranth (7), brinjal 9,605 samples of different crops grown at PEQIA of (3), tomato (15), chilli (26), cabbage (7), cucumber ICRISAT (6,187), ICRISAT glasshouse (692), private (6), bitter gourd (7) and spinach (4) from AVRDC were industries (2,686) and NBPGR greenhouse (40). inspected. Of 277 groundnut sown, 30 did not ICRISAT-PEQIA: Post-entry quarantine inspection germinate, and hence non-destructive seed ELISA was was conducted on 6,187 samples consisting of repeated for another set of 10 seeds for each of the sorghum (1,869; Egypt-21, Mali-637, Kenya-842 and 30 accns. Healthy seedlings were released for PEQ Zimbabwe-369); pearlmillet (885; Niger-418 and growing. Zimbabwe-467); fingermillet (572; Kenya-383 and Private industries: Germplasm (2,686) comprising Zimbabwe-189); chickpea (USA-2,702) and maize (1,863), sorghum (21), paddy (428), okra (50), pigeonpea (Niger-5); maize (154; Mexico-153 and chilli (27), tomato (142), bittergourd (4), cauliflower Ethiopia-1). Sorghum samples from Zimbabwe showed (139), Arabidopsis thaliana (4) and watermelon (8) leaf blight symptoms (Alternaria altenata, Curvularia meant for private industries were inspected. Downy ovoidea, Cercospora sp. Drechslera halodes, mildew (Sclerophthora sp.) was noticed in many Epicoccum sp. Fusarium equiseti, F. semitectum, accessions of early sown maize and infected plants Nigrospora sp., Periconia bessoides, Phoma sp.). were uprooted and incinerated. A fungicidal spray was Sorghum from Mali, showed leaf blight symptoms (F. advised to contain the spread. In addition, southern semitectum, D. setariae, Cercospora sp., Curvularia corn leaf blight (Drechslera maydis) incidence was also spp., Phoma sp.). Blast (Magnaporthe grisea) noticed. Infected leaf samples, on incubation, incidence was noticed in some pearlmillet accessions revealed: Ascochyta pinnodes, Alterneria alternata, from Niger and an accession was found to be distinctly Fusarium semitectum, Curvularia ovoidea, C. lunata, susceptible to blast.
REGIONAL STATION, HYDERABAD 109 Fig. 13.4: A-D: Ascochyta infection on okra seed (A: Seed infection; B: Micrograph of asci; C: Micrograph of ascus; D: Micrograph of ascospores); E-G: Okra PEQ inspection (E: YVMV; F: Cercospora leaf spot; G: Powdery mildew disease).
Phoma sp. Drechslera halodes, Periconia bessoides 277, respectively), and lima bean (29) from USA were and Nigrospora sp. also inspected and found healthy. Harvested produce of sorghum accessions, imported from Zimbabwe Cauliflower from Netherlands and France showed (369) and Kenya (40), grown at PEQIA of ICRISAT, black rot symptoms (Xanthomonas campestris pv. was examined and found healthy. Similarly, the campestris), and alternaria leaf spot and anthracnose harvested produce of sorghum accessions (254 (Colletotrichum sp.) in several accessions. Okra (2; mutants) from USA, grown in the containment facility Fig. 13.4) from USA were infected with leaf spot at ICRISAT, was inspected and released. (Cercospora abelmoschi), a quarantine pest. Besides, all accessions were susceptible to powdery mildew 13.1.2 Export quarantine and Okra yellow vein mosaic virus except PI482004, Quarantine processing for 31,518 samples meant for which was completely free from the viral disease. Late export to various countries were performed and 132 onset of the viral disease was observed in one plant were detained due to infection (Table 13.3). In of PI481992. Seed borne pathogens, viz., Alternaria addition, a total of 355 samples including 20 alternata; Macrophomina phaseolina; Fusarium spp. duplicates of ICRISAT mandate crops (sorghum, were also recorded on incubation of the diseased pearlmillet, prosomillet, fingermillet, pigeonpea, leaves. It was recommended to uproot and incinerate littlemillet, barnyard millet and groundnut were all accessions. Nigrospora sp. was identified in paddy inspected and cleared for export to Svalbard Global samples from Belgium on incubation; while Seed Vault. In all, 87 phytosanitary certificates were Acremonium sp., Alternaria alternata; Curvularia issued. lunata; Choanephora sp., Nigrospora sp., Phoma sp., Periconia byssoides, Fusarium semitectum and Seed health testing services: Seed health testing Myrothecium sp. were identified in samples from Israel. was conducted for 775 samples comprising paddy (674), chilli (11), pearlmillet (40), sorghum (12), tomato NBPGR greenhouse: Virus indexing for seedlings (1) and maize (37), meant for export to different of pumpkin (19-Vietnam and 2-USA) and ridge gourd countries. The target pests observed include, in (19-USA) revealed that they were healthy. paddy: Aphelenchoides besseyi (398), Ditylenchus Release of healthy harvest: Harvest of sorghum angustus (1), Cochliobolus carbonum (9), C. geniculatus and finger millet consignments from Kenya (842 and (07), Curvularia clavata (03), C. penniseti (2),
110 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Table 13.3: crop-wise quarantine processing for export.
Exports Number of samples Crop Received Rejected Released
Sorghum 4,317 12 4,305 Pearlmillet 2,793 83 2710 Fingermillet 83 0 83 Foxtailmillet 39 1 38 Smallmillets 447 0 447 Prosomillet 220 0 220 Chickpea 811 14 797 Pigeon pea 235 9 226 Groundnut 719 13 706 Maize 21,854 0 21,854
Grand Total 31,518 132 31,386 Pseudomonas syringae (31), Alternaria longissima (01), 13.2 Germplasm exploration and collection: Tilletia barclayana (01), Rhizoctonia bataticola (01), An exploration was undertaken in collaboration with and Ustilaginoidea virens (01); in maize: Acremonium ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad, covering Prakasam, Krishna strictum (10) and Cochliobolus geniculatus (01); C. and Guntur districts of Andhra Pradesh and 150 lunata (2) in sorghum; and in pearlmillet: P. syringae germplasm were collected. This include Millets: (2) and C. setariae (7). Leaf punches of maize plants sorghum (21), barnyardmillet (3), fingermillet (16), (104), meant for export to USA, submitted in Eppendorf foxtailmillet (11), kodomillet (2), littlemillet (1), pearlmillet tubes by Dow Agro Sciences Seeds R&D Station, (9), prosomillet (6); Cucurbits: ash gourd (3), bitter Hyderabad, were found healthy/ free from target gourd (7), bottle gourd (9), Melothria madraspatana pests. Inspection of maize lines (104), being grown in (1), Cucumis sativus (1), pumpkin (6), ridge gourd (8), the field was also done by the pathologists of the smooth gourd (1), snake gourd (5), snake gourd (wild- station. Plants suspected with Maize streak virus and 2), pickling melon (12); Legumes: Cassia alata (1), C. leaf blight infection were uprooted and incinerated. occidentalis (1), C. obutisfolia (1), C. tora (1), Pre-export crop inspection: Pre-export crop backgram (1), chickpea (1), Clitoria ternata (1), inspection was conducted for chickpea accessions Crotalaria sp. (1), jackbean (2), Pillipesara bean (2) grown in an area of 6.25 ha, for multiplication and pigeonpea (2), frenchbean (2), horsegram (2); export to different countries. Sclerotial wilt incidence Others: lady’s finger (1), sesame (4), brinjal (1), chilli was noticed more in the non-solarized field than the (1), Limonia acidissima (1). Important landraces solarized field. Plants with the incidence of Alfalfa collected include: sorghum – chitta jonna (Fig. 13.5A), mosaic virus were incinerated.
Fig. 13.5: Germplasm collection. A: Sorghum (Chitta jonna) from Prakasam Dt; B: Women farmers from Krishna Dt donating cucurbit germplasm.
REGIONAL STATION, HYDERABAD 111 Fig. 13.6: Germplasm characterization. A: B. racemosa (IC613559) high seed yield/plant; B: Pillipesara bean profuse podding; C: Dolichos bean with purple stems and pods and with high fresh pod weight; D: Linseed flower color variability; E: Chilli (IC264480) purple flowering phenotype; F: Chilli (IC297957) paprika landrace from Warangal. erra jonna, gaddi jonna, pacchha jonna, tella jonna; cluster (IC550531; 6.9); 100 seed wt (IC261321; 1.2 bittergourd – chittika karakaya, potti karakaya; bottle g). gourd – peta sorakaya (Fig. 13.5B); sesame – nalla Pigeonpea (Mini core): Plant height (ICP-14801; nuvvulu, tella nuvvulu. Among these, 107 accessions 216.7 cm); pod length (ICP-14444; 10.5 cm); 100 Seed comprising fingermillet (18), littlemillet (11), pearlmillet weight (ICP-14094; 19.5 g); Seed yield/ plant (ICP- (1), barnyardmillet (3), kodomillet (1), niger (7), 14801; 528.3 g); Days to 50% flowering (ICP-11543; blackgram (13), greengram (9), cowpea (28), 77.0) (Fig. 13.7). horsegram (7), pillipesara (3) and sorghum (6) were multiplied for their conservation at NGB. 13.3 Germplasm characterization and evaluation 13.3.1 Germplasm characterization: Germplasm ((256) including linseed (100), amaranth (126) and pillipesara (30) during Rabi 2016-17; germplasm (795) comprising browntop millet (37), Italian millet (78), maize (65), sesame (308), brinjal (112), pillipesara (30) and chillies (165) during Kharif 2017; germplasm (78) including field bean (48) and dolichos bean (30) during Rabi 2017-18 were characterized / evaluated / multiplied (Fig. 13.6). Promising accessions were identified for different crops for various traits as follows: Fig. 13.7: Pigeonpea and amaranth variability. A: Profuse Pillipesara (2016-2017): Clusters/plant (IC550541, pod and seed yield (pigeonpea); B: Long podded IC261321, IC550524; 18.0); pod length (IC261321, pigeonpea; C: Pigeonpea mini-core seed variability; IC553544; 5.2 cm); Pods/plant (IC550524; 75.8); Pods/ D: Inflorescence variability in amaranth.
112 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Linseed: Plant height (IC53261; 59.6 cm); capsules 13.4 Germplasm conservation per plant (IC64964; 116.4). Germplasm sent to NGB: A total of 407 accessions Maize: Leaf length (IC336412; 93.0 cm); plant height of pigeon pea mini-core ((139)), chillies (93), greengram (RJR-49; 239.0 cm); ear length (RJR-208; 22.2 cm); (25) and millets (150) were sent for LTS in the NGB. kernel rows (NSJ-426; 18.7); 100-seed weight (PSRJ- Germplasm of sorghum, cucurbits and wild species 13007; 33.2 g). (150 accs.) were sent to GHU for MTS conservation and allotment of IC numbers. Dolichos bean (rabi 2016-17): Pod length (IC427436; 20.1 cm); pod width (IC383197; 4.4 cm); Germplasm shared with NAGS: Millets 10 fresh pods weight (IC383197; 182.5 g); 100 seed germplasm (69) comprising sorghum (21), weight (IC384066; 63.0 g). barnyardmillet (3), fingermillet (16), foxtailmillet (11), kodomillet (2), littlemillet (1), pearlmillet (9) and Fieldbean (Rabi 2016-17): Pod length (IC249540; Prosomillet (6) were shared with ICAR-IIMR, 8.6 cm); 10 fresh pod weight (IC249526; 108.5 g); Hyderabad. pods/ plant (NSJ-258; 352.0); 100 seed weight (IC261257; 48.0 g). Medium term module: Germplasm (544) comprising voucher samples from exploration (150), and multiplied 13.3.2 Evaluation of okra germplasm against biotic germplasm of pillipesara (30), brown top millet (37), stresses: Okra (202), received from RS, Thrissur were okra (220) and pulses (107) were added to the MTM raised in ABD design during September 2017 for at the station. In addition, a total of 300 samples of evaluation against Okra yellow vein mosaic virus and millets, pulses and oilseeds received from WASSAN, Okra enation leaf curl virus. Three local cultivars, viz., an NGO under the RKVY Project was also stored in Arka Anamika, Pusa Sawani and Parbhani Kranthi and the MTM. Germination and seedling vigour was tested four accessions identified as resistant/tolerant to the in 1000 accessions comprising blackgram, greengram, viral diseases were used as checks. Observations and chillies stored in the MTM for over 10 years. revealed the occurrence of YVMV in two accessions and OELCV in six accessions. The accessions were 13.5 Germplasm supply selfed to obtain pure seed for further evaluation. Germplasm (932) including blackgram (30), Screening for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne greengram (30), pillipesara (60), horsegram (135), incognita) resistance in okra (173) comprising cultivated sesame (44), brown top millet (1), Italian millet (2), A. esculentus (148) and wild Abelmoschus spp. (25) chillies (170), tomato (336), cherry tomato (15), bitter was done under pot culture conditions. Disease reaction gourd (1), brinjal (90), jackbean (7) and wild relatives scoring revealed five promising accessions (C2741gr- comprising C. baccatum (1) and C. frutescens (10) were
5, -6, -19, C2741mizo-8, C2106mizo-20) of wild supplied to 27 organisations for research purpose. Abelmoschus spp. which were found reisistant on the basis of number of root galls formed.
Research Programme (Code: Title, Programme Leader)
Programme I: PGR/PQR-BUR-HYD-01.00: Quarantine processing of plant germplasm under exchange and supportive research (B Sarath BabuBabu)
Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates)
PGR/PQR-BUR-HYD-01.01: Detection, identification and control of pests associated with import and export of seed/ plant material (K Anitha , B Sarath Babu, SK Chakrabarty, N Sivaraj, Prasanna Holajjer (wef 15th April 2017) and Babu Abraham)
PGR/PQR-BUR-HYD-01.0202: Post-entry quarantine processing of imported germplasm (SK Chakrabartyy, K Anitha, B Sarath Babu, Prasanna Holajjer (wef 15th April 2017) and Babu Abraham)
Programme II: PGR/PQR-BUR-HYD-02.00: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of genetic resources of South East Coastal zone (B Sarath Babu)
REGIONAL STATION, HYDERABAD 113 PGR/PQR-BUR-HYD-02.01: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of genetic resources of agricultural crops (cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds etc.) and their wild relatives (V Kamalaamala, SR Pandravada, N Sivaraj, P Pranusha and Babu Abraham)
PGR/PQR-BUR-HYD-02.02: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of genetic resources of horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits, spices, medicinal and aromatic plants etc.) and their wild relatives (SR PandravadaPandravada, V Kamala, N Sivaraj, P Pranusha, Prasanna Holajjer (wef 15th April 2017) and Babu Abraham)
Externally funded projects: • Agri-biodiversity of Telangana: inventorization and documentation for posterity and sustainable management of crop genetic resources. (SR Pandravadaada, N Sivaraj, Kamala Venkateswaran, B Sarath Babu). • In-situ management of indigenous crop diversity through community managed seed systems for value addition and improved market access for climate resilience in rainfed high altitude tribal areas (B Sarath Babu (CPL), N Sivaraj (PI), SR Pandravada, Kamala Venkateswaran, K Anitha, SK Chakrabarty, P Pranusha)
114 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 REGIONAL STATION, JODHPUR 14 Summary: An exploration trip was conducted and germplasm (51) comprising sorghum (21), mungbean (11), urdbean (01), mothbean (5), maize (3), ragi (3), little millets (3), Abelmoschus (1 wild), red rice (2) and cowpea (1) were collected from Surat, Vadodara, Bharuch, Chhota Udaipur and Tapi districts of Gujarat. Three accessions of methi with desirable traits were reconfirmed. Wheat accession with large spike has been reconfirmed. The grain yield of guar accession IC 47564-P7 (29.15 q/ha) in 16 m2 plots with 20x10cm spacing was reconfirmed. In another guar (vegetable type, IC 432117-P7) the accession was verified to yield 24% higher green pods than the best check Pusa Navbahar. Resistance to crinkle virus disease in mothbean (IC39786 and IC 39822) has been reconfirmed under field conditions. During Kharif 2017, guar (156), mungbean (120), mothbean (170) and cowpea (120) were evaluated. Early maturing bold seeded mungbean (IC 39289-P4) grain yield (15.05 q/ha in 1st nd picking, 13.25 q/ha in 2 picking) was reverified. Mothbean accessions IC 120963-P2 and IC 16218 were reconfirmed for their traits viz., early maturity (53 days) and genetic resistance to Cercospora disease, respectively. Trait verification for an early maturing cowpea (45 days) developed following single plant selection, insect resistant cowpea (C-720) and YMV resistant cowpea (IC 36522) were performed. Two ber accessions viz., stone-less ber and fruit fly resistant one identified earlier were further reconfirmed. Horticultural germplasm (752) and agri-horticultural crops (36,005) are being conserved at FGB and MTS of the station, respectively.
14.1 Exploration and collection of germplasm per plant and number of pods per cluster. The grain yield of guar accession IC 47564-P7 (29.15 q/ha) in In an exploration trip covering Surat, Badoradar, 16 m2 plots with 20x10cm spacing was reconfirmed. Bharuch, Chhota Udaipur and Tapi districts of Gujarat, In another guar (vegetable type, IC 432117-P7) the a total of 51 germplasm comprising sorghum (21; Fig. accession was verified to yield 24% higher green pods 14.1), mungbean (11), urdbean (01), mothbean (5), than the best check Pusa Navbahar. maize (3), ragi (3), little millets (3), Abelmoschus (1 wild), red rice (2) and cowpea (1) was collected. 14.2.2 Evaluation of mothbean (Vigna acconitifolia): Mothbean (170) was evaluated during Kharif 2017 for traits of agronomical importance. Genotypes with large seed and high yield were
identified. Mothbean accessions IC 120963-P2 and IC 16218 were reconfirmed for their traits viz., early maturity (53 days) and genetic resistance to Cercospora disease, respectively. Two accessions viz., IC 36786 and IC 37822 were reconfirmed for crinkle virus disease resistance under field conditions. 14.2.3 Evaluation of mungbean (Vigna radiata) and Fig. 14.1: Collection of sorghum germplasm from cowpea: mungbean (120) and cowpea (120) were Surat Dt., Gujarat. evaluated in ABD for agronomical traits. Bold seeded 14.2 Germplasm characterization and accession with high yield potential in mungbean and evaluation cowpea were identified. Early maturing (50 days) bold seeded (6-6.5g 100-seed weight) mungbean (IC st The accessions of guar (156), mungbean (120), moth 39289-P4) grain yield (15.05 qtls/ha in 1 picking, 13.25 bean (170) and cowpea (863) were evaluated qtls/ha in 2nd picking 20 days later) were reverified. following ABD and RBD in some cases. Promising A cowpea accession that matures in 45 days had been accessions were identified for different traits. developed through single plant selection and it has further been verified. 14.2.1 Evaluation of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) germplasm: Guar (156) was 14.3. Germplasm conservation: evaluated for agronomical traits of importance and Agri-horticultural crop germplasm (36,757) are being simultaneously screened for various diseases. Superior conserved at the station in the form of FGB and MTS. accessions were identified for yield, number of clusters
REGIONAL STATION, JODHPUR 115 Fig. 14.2: Germplasm in FGB. A: Ber; B: Cherry; C: Aonla; D: Bael.
In MTS, a total of 36,005 accessions comprising Table 14.1: Germplasm of different crop species cereals & millets (14,809), legumes (14,023), plants being maintained in FGB. of economic importance (1,025), medicinal plants Crop group (number) No. of acc. (581), horticultural crops (2,876), fiber and forage plants (511), and other crop species (2,180) are being Fruits (26) 263 maintained. List of crop species being maintained in Ornamentals (10) 53 FGB (Fig. 14.2) are detailed in table 14.1. Oil yielding plants (6) 212 Medicinal & aromatic plants (39) 148 14.4 Germplasm supplied Multipurpose trees (17) 44 A total of 641 accessions viz., mothbean (135), Fiber yielding plants (1) 08 mungbean (30), pearlmillet (122), guar (218), cowpea Forage grasses (5) 14 (68), cucumber (22), fingermillet (36), and Withania Others (9) 10 (10) were supplied to indenters under MTA. Total 752
Research Programme (Code, Title, Programme leader)
PGR/GEV-BUR-JOD-01.0000- Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of genetic resources in arid and semi-arid regions (Om Vir SinghSingh)
Research Project: (Code, Title, PI, Co-PIs, Associates)
PGR/GEV-BUR-JOD-01.0101-Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of genetic resources of field crops in arid and semi-arid regions. (Om Vir Singhingh, Kartar Singh and Neelam Shekhawat).
PGR/GEV-BUR-JOD-01.0202-Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of genetic resources of horticultural crops in arid and semi-arid regions. (Om Vir SinghSingh, Neelam Shekhawat and Kartar Singh)
116 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 BASE CENTRE, RANCHI 15 Summary: Four explorations were undertaken during 2017; germplasm (85) comprising maize (43), chilli (17), brinjal (3), rice landraces (2; very early maturing) and wild Solanum sp. (20) were collected from Chattisgarh state during first exploration; while second and third exploration involved collection of three jamun species (26), and monkey-jack (20), respectively from Jharkhand. Fourth exploration from Ranchi and adjoining areas was targeted for collecting Saraca asoca (9), a vulnerable species in natural habitat is of great medicinal and cultural importance. During 2017, rice (71), finger millet (29), bael (134), jamun (39) and jackfruit (168) were characterized for agro-morphological traits. Germplasm (218) were submitted to NGB and a supply (148) was made to various researchers. Horticultural crops (644) comprising aonla (19), bael (170), banana (34), barhal (14), jackfruit (246), jamun (52), mango (19), Lawsonia (25), Moringa (14) and tamarind (51) are maintained in the FGB.
15.1 Germplasm exploration and collection jamun species viz., Syzygium cumini, S. operculatum and S. alternifolium were collected. Artocarpus An exploration trip was undertaken in Jaspur, Koriya lakoocha (20; Fig. 15.2B), an important underutilized and Korba districts of Chhattisgarh and a total of 85 fruit and commercially potential species was collected diverse accessions of maize (43; Table 15.1 and Fig. from Ranchi, Khunti and Gumla districts of Jharkhand 15.1), chilli (17; Fig. 15.2A), brinjal (3), very early maturing in another exploration trip. In the fourth exploration rice landrace (2, Chaina dhaan and Dani dhaan) and wild Solanum sp. (20) were collected. In another exploration trip covering Ranchi, Ramgarh, Hazaribagh and Khunti districts of Jharkhand, in collaboration with ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru, 26 accessions comprising three
Fig. 15.2: Germplasm collection from Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. A: Dhan mircha (popular landrace of chilli); Fig. 15.1: Maize diversity collected from Chhattisgarh. B: Fruit variability in barhal; C: Seed variability in A: Cob variability; B: Traditional storage practice. Saraca asoca.
BASE CENTRE, RANCHI 117 near Ranchi and adjoining areas, Saraca asoca (9; for important quantitative / qualitative characters. The Fig. 15.2C), a vulnerable species (under natural habitat) recorded data was analyzed and superior accessions of great medicinal and cultural importance was were identified. Rice (700) collected from North-East collected. India by ICAR-IIAB, Ranchi were characterized at the research farm of the station. 15.2 Gemplasm characterization and evaluation 15.2.1 Germplasm evaluation of bael: Bael (134) were evaluated and variability for fruit characteristics A total of 167 accessions comprising rice (71) and finger was studied (Table 15.2). millet (29) were characterized with standard checks
Table 15.1: Variability in maize germplasm collected from Chhattisgarh.
Maize Mean Range Accessions collected Cob length (cm) 15.05 7.33-26.67 SKB/PM-48 (26.67), SKB/PM-61 (20.67), SKB/PM-66 (20.67) Cob girth (cm) 11.64 8.00-16.33 SKB/PM-39 (16.33), SKB/PM-48 (16.00), SKB/PM-56 (15.33) Rows/cob 13.39 8.00-18.00 SKB/PM-54 (18), SKB/PM-39 (18), SKB/PM- 40 (16) Seeds/row 29.22 12.67-45.33 SKB/PM-66 (45), SKB/PM-42, (43), SKB/ PM-48 (43) Cob weight (g) 112.88 25.45-204.88 SKB/PM-50 (204.88), SKB/PM-48 (197.19), SKB/PM-42 (196.44) 100-seed weight (g) 20.45 9.74-38.66 SKB/PM-18 (38.66), SKB/PM-48 (30.82), SKB/PM-78 (31.44)
Table 15.2: Variability in bael accessions.
Trait Mean Range Diverse accessions Fruits/plant 34.58 1-103 IC348028 (103), IC594297 (92), IC594299 (92), Fruit weight (g) 581.27 178.58-1435.07 IC594261(1435.07), IC436490 (1240.84), IC594245 (1221.11) Fruit length (cm) 16.63 11.67-27.17 IC331738 (27.17), IC594261(25.00), IC595262 (24.33) Seeds per fruit 68.47 9.67-170.67 IC348039 (9.67), IC209919 (10.00), IC594255 (13.00) Pulp weight (g) 270.65 79.59-933.4 IC594261 (933.4), IC594260 (777.77), IC594291 (749.61) Pericarp thickness (mm) 3.51 2.00-4.00 IC209953 (2), IC436477 (2), IC348036 (2) Table 15.3: Variability in jackfruit accessions.
Trait Range Diverse accessions Days to maturity 67 - 197 IC 24348 (67 ), IC 24329 (70), IC 24352 (71) Pedicel length (cm) 1.2-48.0 IC 591185 (48), IC 201607 (35) ,IC 201592 (33.6) Fruit length (cm) 16.4- 65.3 IC 339925 (65.3), IC 24371 (64.5), IC 24327 (64.5) Fruit girth (cm) 49.5-90.1 IC 591170 (90.1), IC 591178 (90.0), IC 24323 (88.0) Fruit weight (cm) 1.76- 17.0 IC 24323 (17.0), IC 24370 (15.0), IC 24327 (14.0) Seeds per fruit 6-348 IC 24361 (348), IC 24393 (341), IC 591165 (285) Seed weight (g) 3.2-7.7 IC 21617 (7.7), IC 24323 (6.8), IC 376154 (6.4) Pulp weight (g) 0.3-8.1 IC 21619 (8.1), IC 591166 (5.1), IC 591170 (5.0)
118 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 15.2.2 Germplasm evaluation of jackfruit: A total of 168 accessions of jackfruit evaluated for 20 agro-morphological (14 quantitative and 6 qualitative) attributes. Based on fruit shape, accessions were grouped into three categories viz., Fig. 15.3: cylindrical, curved and irregular (Fig. 15.3 A- Variability in C). Overall, 62 accessions were with highly jackfruit. juicy pulp at optimum maturity. Further, based A-C: Fruit variability on organoleptic attributes, accessions were (A: Cylindrical; grouped in to three broad categories viz., B: Curved; white crispy flavored, white juicy non- C: Irregular); flavored and yellow juicy flavored (Fig. 15.3 D-F: Pulp D-F). Seed morphological traits revealed variability significant variability among the accessions. (D: White crispy; E: White juicy summary of jackfruit accessions for non-flavored; quantitative traits is provided in table 15.3. F: Yellow juicy flavored).
15.3 Germplasm conservation Maize (43), wild Solanum spp. (16) and 126 accessions comprising of millets, niger and horsegram were Approximately 300 plant species of medicinal and submitted for LTS in NGB; and bael (84), chiraunji (4), aromatic plants including perennials and some kanchan dana (2), van supali (6), chandan (1), barhal economic plants are being maintained in the FGB. In (26), Saraca asoca (8) were submitted for addition, aonla (19), bael (170), banana (34), barhal cryopreservation at headquarters. (14), jackfruit (246), jamun (52), mango (19), Lawsonia (25), Moringa (14) and tamarind (51) are also 15.4 Germplasm supply maintained in the FGB. A total of 19 herbarium Rice (72) were supplied to two indenters for research specimens for 15 species were preserved and purpose. submitted to NHCP.
Research Programme (Code: Title, Programme Leader)
PGR/PGC-BUR-RAN-01.00--Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of genetic resources in Bihar, Jharkhand and adjoining areas. (SK BishnoiBishnoi)
Research Projects (Project Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates)
PGR/PGC-BUR-RAN-01.01-01-Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of agriculture crops, their wild relatives and economic species including medicinal plants (SK Bishnoi and AK Gupta)
PGR/PGC-BUR-RAN-01.02-02-Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of horticultural crops and perennial medicinal plants (SK Bishnoi and AK Gupta)
BASE CENTRE, RANCHI 119 REGIONAL STATION, SHILLONG 16 Summary: Three exploration trips were conducted in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya and a total of 238 germplasm were collected. Agri-horticultural crops (1147) comprising maize (607), rice (420), Coix (60) and buckwheat (60) are maintained under MTS. In addition to these crops, banana (45), ginger (40), turmeric (150), Colocasia (72), Dioscorea (38), chilli (70) and fruit crops like Citrus (10), guava (7) and M&APs (40) are also being maintained in FGB. A total of 163 accessions of various crops including rice (93), maize (24), rice-bean (45) and Kaempferia galanga (1) were supplied to indenters.
16.1 Germplasm exploration and collection Another exploration to collect soh-phlang (Flemingia procumbens; Fig. 16.2) was undertaken in collaboration An exploration was undertaken in collaboration with with NBPGR Headquarter and ICAR-RC for NEHR, ICAR-IISR, Kozhikode covering Karbi-Anglong and Umiam, in the East khasi hills, West khasi hills, South Dima Hasao Districts of Assam and collected 71 West khasi hills, Jaintia hills and Ri-bhoi districts of accessions comprising eight species of Zingiber and Mehalaya and 27 accessions were collected. Curcuma. The Jowai region of Meghalaya lying Morphological variability in shape (round, conical, adjacent to Karbi-Anglong and Dima Hasao district of fusiform) and size of the tubers were observed. Soh- Assam is known for popular Lakadong landrace of phlang is a minor cash crop of Meghalaya grown in turmeric (Fig. 16.1) that can be channelized for its export small pockets usually mixed with other minor crops potential by increasing the acerage of cultivation. like Perilla, taro and sometimes potato. Forest cover connecting Jowai and West-Karbi- Anglong is rich in diversity for many wild pepper A total of 140 germplasm accessions comprising native species. Large scale cultivation of ginger is found in crops of Arunachal Pradesh from Dibang valley were Zirikindeng region of West Karbi-Anglong, while the collected through an exploration trip in collaboration region bordering Kaziranga national park and East- with NBPGR, Headquarter. Karbi-Anglong is rich in turmeric diversity. 16.2 Germplasm characterization A total of 20 accessions of maize collected from Anjaw district of Arunachal Pradesh were grown in ABD. Data was recorded for 16 morphological traits and variability for nine quantitative traits are summarized in table 16.1. A total of 40 ginger and 150 turmeric accessions Fig. 16.1: Curcuma collection. A: C. longa (Lakadong (Fig. 16.3) conserved in FGB was evaluated in ABD type); B: C. caesia (Chowkihola). fashion for agro-morphological traits and variability identified is given in table 16.2.
Fig. 16.2: Soh-phlang from Meghalaya. A: Fresh harvested tubers; B: Tubers stored in farmers field; C: Tubers (white) in market for consumption.
120 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Table 16.1: Morphological characteristics of maize landraces.
Traits Mean Range %CV Superior genotypes No. leaves/plant 12.25 6-20 17.72 TR114
Leaf length (cm) 76.82 7.5-110 21.9 TR84
Leaf width (cm) 8.59 3-13 16.23 TR216
Plant height (cm) 164.89 47.5-174 61.33 TR216
Ear height (cm) 99.72 45.0-163 67.21 TR114 Ear diameter (mm) 5.17 3.4-6.0 21.27 TR84
100 seed weight (g) 24.77 20-45 23.44 PHN-2292, PHN-2255
Table 16.2: Variability studies in ginger and turmeric germplasm.
Traits Ginger Turmeric Mean Range %CV Mean Range %CV Plant height (cm) 34.83 14-67 34.26 19.64 1.2-54 39.83
Leaf length (cm) 19.84 11.4-29.7 19.80 40.00 14-87.1 26.82
Leaf width (cm) 1.86 0.9-2.9 20.70 13 5.3-41.5 25.78 No. of leaves 13.1 7-21 21.62 8.5 1-16 20.25
No. of suckers 3 1-11 68.28 2.27 0-13 59.61
Fig. 16.3: Field view. A: Ginger germplasm; B: Turmeric germplasm.
A total of four elite germplasm one each of 16.3 Germplasm conservation Cymbopogon khasianus (lemon grass genotype MI- Maize (607), rice (420) including lowland (70) and Sel-1/Jor Lab-L-15, 0.65% oil content with 75% upland (350), Coix (60), mustard (60) and buckwheat geraniol), Kaempferia galanga (kencur or aromatic (60) totalling to 1,207 germplasm are maintained under ginger genotype Jor Lab K-1, 2.35% oil), Pongostemon MTS of the station. In addition, banana (45), ginger cablin (patchouli genotype Jor Lab P-1, 3.4% oil with (40), turmeric (150), Colocasia (72), Dioscorea (38), 35.8% patchouli alcohol) and Curcuma caesia (kali Chilli (70), Citrus (10), guava (7) and M&APs (40) haldi genotype KH 2, 0.8% oil) as identified by CSIR– totalling to 472 germplasm are maintained in FGB (Fig. NEIST, Jorhat were maintained and characterized in 16.4). the field of the station.
REGIONAL STATION, SHILLONG 121 16.4 Germplasm supply A total of 163 accessions of rice (93), maize (24), ricebean (45) and Kaempferia galanga (1) were supplied to indenters as per MTA. The indenters were PAU, Ludhiana (rice), NRRI, Hazaribag (rice), NBPGR, New Delhi (maize), Jiwaji University, Gwalior (rice bean) and CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat (Kaempferia galanga).
Fig. 16.4: Germplasm maintained at FGB and MTS. A: Dioscorea; B: Colocasia; C: Upland rice.
Research Programme (Programme code: Title, Leader)
PGR/PGC-BUR-SHL-01.00--Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of plant genetic resources in North-Eastern India (AK MisraMisra)
Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates)
PGR/PGC-BUR-SHL-01.01-01-Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of agricultural crops (paddy-low land/upland, maize and mustard) and their wild relatives. (AK Misraa, GD Harish and S Hajong)
PGR/PGC-BUR-SHL-01.02-02-Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of horticultural crops (chilli, ginger, turmeric, yams, taros, citrus, banana and passion fruit) and their wild relatives. (AK Misra, GD Harish and S Hajong)
PGR/PGC-BUR-SHL-01.03-03-Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation and documentation of genetic resources of underutilized (UU) crops and their wild relatives. (GD Harish, AK Misra and S Hajong)
122 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 REGIONAL STATION, SHIMLA 17 Summary: An exploration trip around Lahaul region of HP in collaboration with CSKHPKV, Palampur resulted in collection of various crop species (78). Germplasm (1,435) comprising frenchbean (201), adzukibean (77), grain amarnath (273), buckwheat (243), chenopod (175), cowpea (66), and ricebean (232) during Kharif 2017, and pea (168) in Rabi 2016-17, were characterized with standard checks. Screening against Uromyces appendiculatus var appendiculatus at 4 different locations in India viz, Banglore (Karnataka), Jhansi (UP), Shimla (HP) and Baru Sahib (HP) under controlled conditions for common bean (60) was
performed. In grain amaranth, 228 F4 derivatives (VL44 x PLP-1) was evaluated along with their parental cultivars for important traits. A study was also conducted on influence of various concentrations of paclobutrazol on yield attributes of two amaranth cultivar viz., Durga and Annapurna. Chenopod species (111) obtained from USDA was characterized and evaluated preliminarily for agro-morphological traits. Horticultural crops (121) comprising apple (37), pear (9), plum (11), peach (26) and walnut (38) were characterized and evaluated for various fruit traits. Screening of pear (31) against Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) were done using DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR techniques.
17.1 Germplasm exploration, collection and cultivated species of HP. Maximum variability was introduction observed in Elymus nutans collections from Udaipur region. In Elymus nutans, totally 16 collections were During 2017, germplasm (78) were collected from the made from different segments of Lahaul region. diverse sites of Lahaul region in Himachal Pradesh. All Chenopods (271) were introduced from genebank of the collection, representing 10 crop species, were USDA-ARS, North Central Regional Plant Introduction collected from natural wild, farmers’ field, orchards, Station, Ames, USA. farmer stores/threshing yards. The collected accessions comprise of Allium carolinianum (3), 17.2 Germplasm characterization and Amaranthus caudatus (1), Amaranthus evaluation hypochondriacus (3), Amaranthus retroflexus (4), 17.2.1 Agricultural crops Avena sativa (1), Bunium cylindricum (5), Bunium persicum (11), Chenopodium album (1), Cicer French bean (201), adzuki bean (77), grain amaranth microphyllum (3), Elymus nutans (16), Hordeum vulgare (273), buckwheat (243), chenopod (64 + 111), cowpea (7), Linum perenne (3), Medicago falcata (9), Pisum (66), and ricebean (232) were sown during Kharif sativum (1), Pisum sp. (1) and Prunus armeniaca (9). 2017; and pea (168) in Rabi 2016-17, along with checks The collection sites ranged from 3,050 to 3,500 m in ABD. Data as per the minimal descriptors for agro- elevation (above msl) covering entire region of Lahaul. morphological traits and variability, and promising The collections included wild types, weed types and germplasm were also identified.
Table 17.1: Variability in agricultural crops for agro-morphological traits. Character Range Mean±SE CV% Promising accessions Frenchbean Days to flowering 41-153 62.93±1.65 37.40 JCR/JV-2, EC296096, IC354463 Pod length (cm) 6.02-29.1 12.93±0.19 21.10 EC894826, J/SNO-70, IC268172 No. of pods/plant 4.50-44.50 17.20±0.43 35.96 EC755444, EC894829, EC894823 No. of seeds/pod 3.5-8.5 5.58±0.07 18.99 EC755444, EC755510, EC755542, EC755598, EC755622, SKY-99, IC341381, IC268172 100 -seed weight (g) 6.76-77.12 27.78±0.69 35.72 AS/SKY/KCB-NAIP-14, IC354454, IC354463 Days to maturity 74-223 115.15±2.22 27.35 JCR/JV-2, EC75298, EC296096, IC412971 Seed yield/plant (g) 2.95-72.00 25.77±0.82 45.45 EC894829, EC894826, J/SNO-39 Grain amaranth Days to flowering 43-129 83.54±0.8 15.91 IC583626, IC583625, IC583609, IC583610, IC583640 Stem thickness (mm) 1.12-33.53 18.91±0.32 27.82 NC59975, IC38074, IC26270, IC396963, IC25602
REGIONAL STATION, SHIMLA 123 Plant height (cm) 32.4-305.1 214.72±2.52 66.84 EC386966, IC38097, IC583625, IC583640, IC447684 Infl. length (cm) 15.5-79.4 61.08±0.55 14.97 IC396963, IC14259, IC15396, IC582975, IC14260 Days to maturity 102-166 147.718±0.6 6.74 IC583610, IC583640, IC583625, IC583626, IC583624 Seed yield/plant (g) 5.66-143.6 51.87±1.41 44.98 IC396963,IC38301, IC42264, IC38128, IC38114 1000-seed wt. (g) 0.3-1.2 0.67±0.01 17.56 IC447684, IC263114, IC583624, EC519541, IC38301 Buckwheat Days to flowering 29-92 50.00±0.87 27.01 IC-280349, IC-280340, IC-313129, IC-313151 No. of primary branches 0-6.6 3.41±.09 41.71 IC-329201, IC-341615, IC341633, IC-341607 No. of infl./plant 4-33 15.96±0.45 43.38 IC341633, IC-26755, IC-338640, IC-341632 Plant height (cm) 40.3-192.4 115.50±2.37 31.91 IC-243188, IC-42428, IC-42429, IC-109691 Days to maturity 80-149 120.21±1.09 14.17 IC-279154, IC341628, IC-280394, IC-313125 No. of seeds/infl. 1-10 3.22±0.09 44.16 IC-26583, IC-26584, IC-26756, IC-15393 Seed yield/plant (g) 0.11-4.61 1.14±0.05 69.51 IC-26584, IC-26755 1000-seed wt. (g) 10.9-30.6 19.72±0.23 18.28 IC-421601, IC-319581, IC-319588, IC-521297 Chenopod Days to flowering 48-123 75.17±1.89 19.88 EC-507738, IC-258254, EC-507748 Leaf length (cm) 3.4-18.5 12.20±0.39 24.88 KP/SC1553, IC-611818, IC-109732 Leaf width (cm) 1.5-15.8 9.36±0.42 35.14 IC-108816, IC-540837, IC-341700 Infl. length (cm) 26.8-70.1 42.35±1.33 24.75 IC-540836, KP/SC-1568, IC-611818 Plant height (cm) 51.3-296.7 203.67±6.13 23.72 IC-415494, IC-258253, EC-507743 Days to maturity 87-170 127.40±2.06 12.77 EC-507748 Seed yield/plant (g) 1.23-84 22.14±2.07 73.48 IC-258382, IC-583623, IC-582965 1000-seed wt. (g) 0.3-1.8 0.96±0.04 37.22 EC-507748, EC-507746 Adzuki bean No. of clusters/plant 7-34 16.65±0.67 34.91 EC340248, EC340251, EC340249 No. of pods/plant 15-76.5 39.44±1.78 39.27 EC059459, EC36973-A, EC290652, EC340248, No. of seeds/pod 4.5-6.5 5.28±0.10 16.67 EC000372, EC030253 Days to maturity 101-129 111.60±0.60 4.72 EC030253, EC340248, EC059459 100-seed weight (g) 5-19.32 11.40±0.24 18.65 EC087815, SMLAB-7 Ricebean Pod length (cm) 8.25-13.8 10.81±0.06 8.54 EC098453, IC341984, IC521062 No of seeds/pod 6.5-11 8.63±0.06 10.31 IC002567, IC016791, IC248804 Days to maturity 114-191 159.45±0.68 6.15 EC098453, EC615198, EC615199 Seed yield/plant (g) 1.55-32.54 15.92±0.46 41.79 IC185653, IC341964, IC521357 100-seed weight (g) 3.3-11.14 8.42±0.07 12.16 IC176563, IC395028, IC521123 Pea Days to flowering 52-119 85.52±1.71 25.85 6038/P-3033, P-1118, 5422/P-2094, 5426/P- 2098 No. of clusters/plant 2-12 6.11±0.18 38.07 5383/P-2054, 5389/P-2061, 6109/P-3100, 6459/P-3434 Pod length (cm) 4.1-9.2 5.48±0.07 17.33 P-2262, P-3287, P-3166 No. of pods/plant 4-24 11.62±0.34 37.84 5277/P-1942,6109/P-3100, 5436/P-2108, 6459/P-3434, 6640/P-3606, P-2237 No. of seeds/pod 3-6 4.39±0.04 13.21 5383/P-2054, 6337/P-3618, P-5345 Days to maturity 159-178 170.15±0.42 3.18 P-2142, P-2237, P-2262 100-seed weight (g) 6.84-23 12.65±0.20 21.26 6018/P-3014, 6372/P-3351, P-3298
124 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Frenchbean (201) were sown during Kharif 2017 along (60) against Uromyces appendiculatus var. with six checks (PLB-10-1, PLB-14-1, Triloki, Kailash, appendiculatus under controlled conditions. The 60 Baspa, Jawala) in ABD (Table 17.1; Fig. 17.1). Station accessions were grouped into various classes (Fig. 17.2) was a part of the multi-location (Bengaluru, Jhansi, and two accessions EC500308 and IC361884 were Shimla and Baru Sahib) evaluation of common bean found resistant against rust across the locations.
Fig. 17.1: Variability in Frenchbean accessions. A: JCR/JV-2 genotype (early maturing); B: EC894829 genotype (high number of pods per plant); C: EC894826 (higher pod length).
Fig. 17.2: Rust reaction categories in common bean and its frequency scale.
Grain amaranth (273) was characterized and paclobutrazol on yield attributes of two grain amaranth evaluated during Kharif 2017, including four checks viz., cultivars viz., Durga and Annapurna were evaluated. Durga, PRA-2, PRA-3 and Annapurna in an ABD. The The experiment was conducted in RBD with three genotypes exhibited substantial variability especially treatments viz., paclobutrazol (25, 50, and 75 ppm) for plant height and inflorescence shape (Fig. 17.3A). and a control in triplicate imposed at 38 DAS, during In an independent experiment, influence of Kharif 2017. Our analysis had revealed that
REGIONAL STATION, SHIMLA 125 Fig. 17.3: Grain amaranth. A: Inflorescence shape (variability); B: Paclobutrazol effect on inflorescence length (cv. Durga). paclobutrazol @ 75 ppm recorded a significant the derivatives with respect to useful traits such as, reduction in plant height in both cultivars of study— days to 50% flowering (53-71days), stem thickness Annapurna (54.30 cm) and Durga (38.02 cm). Also, (8.95-54.51mm) and plant height (111.2-269.3 cm). The reduction in inflorescence length (Fig. 17.3B) and grain overall performance indicated the possibility for yield was observed to be more prominent in Durga transgresive segregants among derivatives for some (9.35 cm and 9.34 q/ha) than Annapurna (6.58 cm of the important agro-morphological traits. and 8.16 q/ha). A total of 243 accessions of buckwheat were
In grain amaranth, 228 derivatives of F4 cross VL44 x characterized and evaluated for important agro- PLP-1 was characterized and preliminarily evaluated morphological traits during Kharif 2017 along with four along with their parental cultivars for important traits checks (PRB-1, Himpriya, VL-7 and Shimla B-1) in ABD. in unreplicated trial. Mean values for seed yield/plant Remarkable variability was observed for important varied among derivatives ranging from 10.2 to 115.07 traits and superior accessions were identified (Table g. A wide range of variation was observed among 17.1).
Chenopod (64) was characterized and evaluated in ABD with three checks, (EC-507741, NIC-22503, PRC-9801) during Kharif 2017. A wide range of variation was observed for traits and promising accessions were identified (Table 17.1). Another set chenopods (111) comprising of Chenopodium quinoa (62), C. album (12), C. berlandieri (10), C. fremontii (5), C. giganteum (4), C. neomexicanum (4), C. pallidicaule (3), C. standleyanum (1), C. hians (1), C. incanum (2), C. glaucum (2), C. botrys (1), C. murale (1), C. ambrosioides (1), C. strictum (1), C. californicum (1) was characterized and preliminarily evaluated for important agro-morphological traits. Substantial variability was observed for seed and Fig. 17.4: Morphological variability among the introduced inflorescence color in Chenopodium spp. (Fig. 17.4). Chenopodium spp. A: C. berlandieri; B: C. californicum; An average day to flowering was 75.21 days (37- C: C. fremontii; D: C. giganteum; E: C. glaucum; F: C. 137days) and days to maturity was 136.62 days (85- neomexicanum; G: C. quinoa; H: C. album. 187 days). The mean values for days to flowering in C. fremontii (EC-896190) and C. strictum (EC-896287) were 37 days. Early maturing type was identified in C. fremontii (EC-896302, 85 days), followed by C. berlandieri ( EC-896325, 87days, EC-896278, 89 days) and late maturing in C. quinoa (EC-896103, 187 days). Minimum plant height was recorded in C. strictum (EC-896287, 11.3 cm) and maximum in C. berlandieri (EC-896167, 232.7 cm).
126 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Evaluation of Adzuki bean (77) along with two checks During Rabi 2016-17, pea (168) evaluation with seven (HPU-51 and Totru local) during Kharif 2017 revealed checks (Arkal, Azad, DMR11, DMR7, HFP4, IC279125 substantial variability for important agro-morphological and Super Linkon) in ABD revealed substantial traits (Table 17.1). A total of 232 accessions of rice variability for no. of pods/plant and no. of clusters/ bean were characterized with four checks (PRR1, PRR2 plant and promising accessions identififed are listed RBL1 and RBL6) in ABD. Amongst agro-morphological in table 17.1. traits studied (Table 17.1 and Fig. 17.5), the promising 17.2.2 Horticultural crops accessions identified for various traits of interest were IC341984 (pod length, 13.8 cm) and IC521123 (100- In horticultural crops, germplasm accessions of apple seed wt., 11.14 g). (37), pear (9), plum (11), peach (26; Fig. 17.6A) and walnut (38; Fig. 17.6B) were characterized and evaluated for various fruit traits and promising accessions and variability are detailed in table 17.2.
Fig. 17.6: A. Peach (EC38737) for early maturity and fruit Fig. 17.5: Promising adzuki bean EC340248. A: No. of weight; B. Walnut (EC35719) for number of nuts per clusters per plant (34); B: No. of pods per plant (76.5). bunch.
Table 17.2: Variability for fruit traits in horticultural crops.
Crop Characters Range Mean±SE CV % Promising accessions
Apple Days to fruit 93.00-166.00 123.32±2.69 13.27 Cheery Gala, Super Chief, EC043974, harvest EC200360, EC638497 Fruit wt. (g) 40-194 92.27±5.62 37.01 EC038683, EC043973, Golden 792, EC115746 TSS % 5.60-17.60 12.45±0.41 20.21 IC349910, IC566157, EC038683, EC638497, IC349911 Fruit pressure 2.50-7.90 5.51±0.24 25.99 EC200360, EC100445, IC432171, (kg/cm2) EC027808 Juiciness High EC513662, EC100445, EC349921
Pear Days to fruit 111-159.00 129.60±4.78 11.66 EC126286, EC552676, EC43904 harvest Fruit wt. (g) 50.00-184.30 108.25±11.48 33.56 EC126286, IC538508, IC552671, EC126286 TSS % 7.30-11.60 10.13±0.50 15.60 IC538508, EC552676, EC43904, EC126286 Fruit pressure 2.50-6.70 4.67±0.44 29.84 IC552673, IC538508 (kg/cm2)
Plum Days to fruit 95-137 110.87±5.59 14.27 EC034050, IC20827 harvest Fruit wt. (g) 15.00-41.60 23.34±2.91 35.30 IC555306, IC555355
REGIONAL STATION, SHIMLA 127 TSS % 10.60-19.30 16.92±1.03 17.31 IC553628, IC20827, IC20085 Fruit pressure 0.50-4.2 2.60±1.03 44.94 IC553628, IC555355 (kg/cm2)
Peach Days to fruit 73-138 99.00±3.22 16.62 EC280769, EC468324, EC038737 harvest Fruit wt. (g) 84.17-261.20 141.48±7.39 26.66 EC280765, EC198817, EC038737 TSS % 7.3-15.30 11.78±0.38 16.82 IC566147, EC513670, EC284453
Walnut Days to nut 109-169 137.00±2.41 10.38 IC538532, EC38837, Ec024562 harvest Nut wt. (g) 2.30-15.60 7.60±0.60 50.14 EC024562, EC38828, IC20070
Kernel wt. (g) 0.46-5.00 2.33±0.19 47.03 EC36746, IC538532, EC24562
In this study comprising 31 accessions of pear, screening for Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) was performed (Fig. 17.7). Suspected pear plants showing mosaic, curling, puckering symptoms were validated for the presence of virus using DAS-ELISA and further confirmed by RT-PCR technique. Flemish Beauty (EC027810; P. communis) showed positive for ASGV and Bruce showed positive for ACLSV; while Nijisseiki (EC038740; P. pyrifolia), and Santya Brasakaya (EC038388) reacted positive for both ACLSV and ASGV. 17.3 Germplasm conservation Various crop species (219) comprising Adzuki bean (52), Pea (87) and Rice Bean (80) were sent to the NGB for LTS and total of 12,565 accessions comprising of various crops species were conserved in MTS (Table 17.3). A total of 1,023 germplasm accessions of perennial crops such as fruits, medicinal and aromatic plants including other economic plants were conserved Fig. 17.7: Virus symptoms in leaves of pear genotypes. in FGB as detailed in the table 17.4.
Table 17.3: Germplasm conserved in the MTS.
Crop No. of acc. Crop No. of acc. Crop No. of acc. French bean 4353 Foxtailmillet 278 Soybean 144 Amaranth 3270 Chickpea 258 Paddy 108 Buckwheat 1000 Cowpea 228 Barnyard millet 71 Pea 705 Chenopod 199 Meetha karela 42 Wheat 642 Adzuki bean 169 Urd 30 Finger millet 410 Prosomillet 160 Cuphea 16 Ricebean 332 Horsegram 150 Total 12565
128 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Table 17.4: Germplasm conserved in the FGB.
Crops Accessions Crops Accessions Apple 241 Pineapple guava 2 Peach 52 Fig 7 Pear 87 Olive 6 Plum 49 Crataeagus 3 Apricot 38 Chest nut 2 Cherry 4 Viburnum 3 Walnut 115 Rubus spp. 20 Hazelnut 20 Quince 10 Pecan nut 50 Grape 41 Almond 11 Mespilus spp. 2 Kiwi 8 Mulberry 4 Persimmon 9 Rose 35 Pistacia 1 Pomegranate 90 Chinese ber 7 M&AP 27 Hops 2 Ornamentals 51 Citrus 4 Other economic plants 22
Total 1023
17.4 Germplasm supply Seeds (685) of grain amaranth (104), frenchbean (77), pea (416), chenopod (28), ricebean (50), adzuki bean (10); cuttings (50) of rose (7), pomegranate (20), walnut (2), almond (2), apple (5), plum (5), apricot (5) and peach (4) were supplied to various indenters across the country.
Research programme (code: Title, programme leader)
PGR/GEV/BUR/SHM-01.00: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation, and distribution of genetic resources North Western Indian Himalayan region (Mohar Singhingh).
Research Projects (Project Code: Title PI, Co-PIs and Associates)
PGR/GEV/BUR/SHM-01.01: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation, and distribution of genetic resources of pseudo cereals, pulses, and other lesser known hill crops (Mohar Singh, Badal Singh, Rahul (wef 20th Feb. 2017 and Narender Negi (wef 30th Mar. 2017))
PGR/GEV/BUR/SHM-01.02: Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation, and distribution of genetic resources of temperate fruits, vegetables and medicinal and aromatic plants. (Mohar Singh, Badal Singh, Rahul (wef 20th Feb. 2017 and Narender Negi (wef 30th Mar. 2017))
Externally funded projects: • Collection, mapping, evaluation and conservation for sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources of cold desert region of India (SM SultanSultan, Mohar Singh). • Understanding the impact and response of glacier retreating on floristic diversity and societal livelihoods at naradu glacier in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh (Mohar Singh,Singh N Negi (wef 01st Sep. 2017)).
• Generation advancement and development of new genotypes through pre-breeding in lentil and chickpea (Mohar SinghSingh).
• Mainstreaming of farmer varieties in Uttarakhand & Himachal Pradesh (Mohar Singh, Rahul)
REGIONAL STATION, SHIMLA 129 REGIONAL STATION, SRINAGAR 18 Summary: A multi-crop germplasm exploration and collection programme covering remote areas in Kashmir at the border locations including Tulail area (Gurez valley, Bandipora district) and Machil area (Kupwara district) was conducted in collaboration with NBPGR, New Delhi. Valuable germplasm (131) of cultivated crops (56) and crop wild relatives (75) comprising 54 taxa, including unique germplasm were collected during this exploration. Wheat (202), barley (107), pea (38) and garlic (19) were characterized for various agro-morphological traits as per the minimal descriptors during Rabi 2016-17 under rain-fed conditions and promising genotypes were identified. Besides, maize (11) was biochemically evaluated for proximate content. The station FGB maintains a total of 65 germplasm accessions of Allium cepa var. proliferum (pran) (09), A. sativum (18), A. ampeloprasum (02), strawberry (03), mint (01), Iris (1), Dioscorea deltoidea (25) and Bunium persicum (6) in the experimental field. Additionally, a national supply of 297 germplasm was made to different indenters for research purpose.
18.1 Germplasm exploration and collection border locations in Tulail area (Gurez valley, Bandipora district) and in Machil area (Kupwara district) (Fig. 18.1) A multi-crop exploration trip covering far-flung and and valuable agri-horticultural crop germplasm was remote areas in the Kashmir province of Jammu & collected from these difficult regions. The crop group Kashmir was undertaken in collaboration with wise germplasm accessions collected including 56 NBPGR, New Delhi. A total of 131 germplasm cultivated and 75 wild ones (Fig. 18.2) are presented in comprising both cultivated crops and crop wild table 18.1. relatives belonging to 54 taxa were collected. This was the first exploration by the institute covering
Table 18.1: Crop group wise germplasm accessions collected. Crop group Specices (no. of accessions)
Cereals Zea mays (13), Triticum aestivum (7), Oryza sativa (5), Hordeum vulgare (1), Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum (1), Elymus semicostatus (13), Brachypodium sylvaticum (5), Elymus dahuricus (5), Elymus longearistatus (2) and Elymus nutans (2)
Pseudocereals Fagopyrum esculentum (1), Fagopyrum tataricum (3), Amaranthus hypochondriacus (2), Chenopodium album (2) and Chenopodium strictum (1)
Millets Panicum miliaceum (1), Setaria viridis (4), Setaria pumila (2), Echinochloa oryzoides (3) and Echinocloa crus-galli (1)
Grain legumes Phaseolus vulgaris (11), Pisum sativum var. arvense (3), Glycine max (2), Vigna radiata (2), Vigna mungo (1), Vigna unguiculata (1)
Vegetables Atriplex hortensis (1), Allium consanguineum (1), Allium stracheyi (2), Amaranthus graecizens subsp. sylvestris (1), Amaranthus blitum (1), Solanum villosum (2) and Lactuca serriola (1)
Fruits Malus prunifolia (1) and Malus baccata (2)
Minor fruits Crataegus pseudoheterophylla (3), Crataegus songarica (2), Prunus cornuta (1), Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica (2) and Rubus ulmifolius (1)
Oil seeds Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (2) and Carthamus lanatus (1)
M&AP, spices Aconitum violaceum var. robustum (1), Hyoscyamus niger (1), Cichorium and condiments intybus (1), Saussurea costus (1), Angelica glauca (1), Foeniculum vulgare (1) and Bunium persicum (1).
Forages Medicago sativa (1), Medicago falcata (1), Lolium perenne (2) and Lolium multiflorum (2).
130 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 18.1: A: Picturesque wheat and potato fields near Chakwali- the border village in Tulail area of Gurez valley, Bandipora district (Jammu & Kashmir); B: CWR collection.
Fig. 18.2: Variability in collected germplasm. A: Zea mays; B: Phaseolus vulgaris; C: Wild Triticeae; and D: wheat.
REGIONAL STATION, SRINAGAR 131 Some interesting and unique germplasm accessions were collected, including naked barley with reddish tinge (Fig. 18.3A) from Tulail area; sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica) with slightly bigger fruits (Fig. 18.3B) from Sheikhpora Tulail; climbing type soybean with variegated seeds (Fig. 18.3C) from Budgam area and Crataegus pseudoheterophylla - spineless hawthorn species with deep cleft leaves bearing single seeded bigger red fruits (Fig. 18.3D) from Kupwara area. In another trip, nine accessions comprising Coriandrum sativum, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Avena sp. were collected from different areas of Kashmir valley.
Fig. 18.3: Significant germplasm collected. A: Naked barley (locally ‘Yeao’); B: Sea buckthorn (locally ‘Pup’); C: Climbing type soybean (locally ‘Muth’); and D: Crataegus pseudoheterophylla (locally ‘Ring’).
18.2 Germplasm characterization and g) were EC-667386 (65.1 g), EC-667455 (65.0 g) evaluation and EC-667375 (64.1 g). Promising genotypes identified based on the trait 100-seed weight against A total of 366 accessions comprising wheat, barley, best performing check Jyoti (5.35 g) were EC-667448 pea and garlic were characterized for their agro- (9.6 g), EC-667447 (8.9 g) and EC-667416 (7.5 g). morphological traits as per the minimal descriptors during Rabi 2016-17 under rain-fed conditions. In RBD design, Pea (38) was characterized using Promising genotypes for various traits of interest were Rachna variety as check. Variability for 100-seed identified in each of these crops as detailed below. weight (7.3-35.8 g; mean: 20.5 g), plant height (31.3- Also, eleven accessions of maize germplasm have 128.7 cm; mean: 99.2 cm) and number of pods/plant been evaluated for their protein, oil and fatty acid (14.0-33.8; mean: 19.9) were recorded at appropriate contents during the period under report. developmental stages. Based on 100-seed weight, superior genotypes identified against check Rachna Wheat (202) was characterized in ABD with two (19.7 g) were IFP-4-9 (35.8 g), EC-8495 (30.4 g) and national (GW-322 and PBW-343) and one local (HS- IPFD-10-13 (28.8 g). 240) checks. Variability for seed yield/plant (5.2-36.8 g; mean: 21.1 g), plant height (66.5-165.2 cm; mean: Garlic (19) was characterized in RBD and variability 106.8 cm), number of seeds/spike, 100-seed weight, for bulb weight and plant height were observed. Bulb flag leaf length, spike length and flag leaf width were weight ranged from 18.3-55.5 g (Mean 32.4 g), while recorded. Based on seed yield/plant promising plant height varied from 36.9-100.7 cms (Mean 72.7 genotypes identified against best performing check cms). Maximum bulb weight has been recorded in the GW-322 (28.8 g) are IC-78916 (36.8 g), IC-532201 genotypes of IC-0622313 (55.5 g), IC-0622301 (48.9) (35.5 g) and IC-78720 (35.2 g). and IC-0622303 (38.8 g). Barley (107) was characterized in an ABD using two Proximate analysis was done to evaluate Maize (11) national checks Jyoti and DL-36. Variability for seed collected from diverse hilly locations of Jammu and yield/plant (12.6-65.1 g; average: 38.9 g), 100-seed Kashmir. The biochemical parameters studied were weight (3.4-9.6 g; average: 4.9 g) and plant height protein, oil and fatty acid contents and significant (63.0-133.5 cm; average: 106 cm) were recorded. differences were recorded and genotypes with Based on seed yield/plant, promising genotypes superior estimates were identified. Protein content in identified against best performing check Jyoti (42.9 these genotypes varied from 10.7% (IC-0617884) to
132 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 18.4: Trait-specific germplasm. A: Tall, late maturing Coriandrum sativum genotype with higher green leaf yield, good seed aroma, small seed and insect resistant; B: Late maturing fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) genotype with higher biomass and intense aroma; C: Chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum) with tall plants bearing abundant foliage.
18.7 % (IC-0617877), while oil content ranged from Dioscorea deltoidea (25) and Bunium persicum (6) are 2.26% (IC-0617874) to 4.80 % (IC-0617881). Fatty being maintained in the FGB of the station. Around acids profiling indicated the presence of palmitic, 80 herbarium specimens of cultivated plants/wild linoleic, oleic, elaidic, stearic and arachidic acid in relatives/minor economic plants were preserved along the oil. with field notes and ethnobotanical information at our NHCP. These herbarium specimens included that of Germplasm (25) of various crops viz., coriander, Rubus armeniacus collected from outskirts of Sopore fenugreek, chicory, common beans and oats were town in Baramulla district. This species was not multiplied and trait-specific germplasm (Fig. 18.4) was reported from India so far. identified. 18.4 Germplasm supply 18.3 Germplasm conservation During the period under report, a total of 297 Twenty-five accessions of common bean, fenugreek, germplasm accessions were supplied to different coriander and oat were multiplied and submitted for indenters within India for research purpose. The LTS at NGB. Besides, collected multi-crop germplasm germplasm included fenugreek (5), wheat (99), barley (130) was also sent for its conservation at NGB. (100), Dioscorea deltoidea (25), Allium (13), rapeseed- Germplasm accessions comprising Allium cepa var. mustard (31), pea (12), wild chickpea (1) and garlic proliferum (pran) (09), A. sativum (18), A. (11). ampeloprasum (02), strawberry (03), mint (01), Iris (01),
Research Programme (Code, Title, Programme Leader, Co-PI)
PGR/PGC–BUR-SRI-01-01-Augmentation, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of germplasm resources of various crops from Jammu & Kashmir region (SM SultanSultan, SK Raina (wef: 07th April 2017))
REGIONAL STATION, SRINAGAR 133 REGIONAL STATION, THRISSUR 19 Summary: Five exploration trips were conducted during 2017 covering Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu (2 trips) and Great Nicobar and 344 germplasm were collected. A total of 374 collections comprising rice (192), Oryza species (34), yard-long bean (70) , Trichosanthes cucumerina (9), kokum (67) and malabar tamarind (2) were characterized. A new subspecies; Momordica cochinchinensis subsp. andamanica Kattuk., Roy et Krishnaraj was described. Germplasm comprising various crops (656) and crop wild relatives/ medicinal plants (156) were sent for conservation in LTS. A total of 1595 regenerated germplasm were added bringing the total to 6946 accessions of various crops and their wild relatives in the MTS of the station. Perennial horticultural crops and other species totalling to 1898 are being conserved at FGB of the station. A total of 1,007 accessions were supplied to 26 different users for research purpose under MTA.
19.1 Germplasm exploration and collection: specific, environmentally adapted germplasm of drumstick (Moringa oleifera). One sample each of Five exploration trips were undertaken amassing 344 Solanum melongena, Oryza sativa (landrace “Vellari”) collections. One trip covered Great Nicobar Island for and Sesamum malabaricum was also collected. In a the collection of CWRs and a total of 95 samples (78 multi-crop exploration covering Chitradurga and species) were collected. Of which, CWRs of tropical Davangere districts of Karnataka in collaboration with fruits like Mangifera andamanica, M. sylvatica, ICAR-IIHR Bengaluru and UAHS, Shivamogga, 130 Artocarpus chama, A. gomezianus, Ficus variegata, samples comprising 111 cultivated crops and 19 CWRs Ternstroemia wallichiana, Bouea andamanica, were collected (Fig. 19.2A). This includes 12 rice Manilkara hexandra; CWRs like Piper sarmentosum, P. landraces viz., Kirvan, Inden, Olesal, Hankal, miniatum, Curcuma mangga and morphological variant Hamsan, Sannabatha, Gopika, Ambimohari, Sinduram populations of Saccharum spontaneum, Solanum madhusali, Chakavoporiyetan, Kumbalarusali and insanum, Abelmoschus moschatus, Momordica Adanur sane, grain cowpea (10), black gram (4), charantia var. muricata, Cucumis melo var. agrestis, green gram (2), horse gram (5) and the remaining Vigna trilobata, V. adenantha and Musa acuminata comprise cucurbits, field bean, okra, brinjal and were the prominent ones (Fig. 19.1). Several of them underutilized vegetables like leafy amaranth, oriental are new distribution records for the Island. Salinity pickling melon, roselle, etc. Vegetable landraces like tolerance can be expected in some of the collections Rampur local and Manjarikotta local (brinjal), Dharwad from littoral zones. Manilkara hexandra and melon (salad melon), Nattavarai, Chapravarai, Ternstroemia wallichiana might be potential as a Chigatti (field bean) and coloured okra were collected. rootstock for sapota. CWRs included Sesamum alatum (2), Cucumis An exploration trip was undertaken in collaboration prophetarum (2), C. melo var. agrestis (1), C. sativus with KAU and NBPGR, New Delhi covering var. hardwickii (1), C. maderaspatanus (1), Momordica Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Ernakulam, charantia var. muricata (4), Solanum incanum (2), S. Thrissur, Palakkad, Malappuram and Kannur districts indicum (1), S. viarum (1), Solanum pubescens (1) and of Kerala and collected 50 samples of unique trait- Abelmoschus ficulneus (1). Another trip covered
Fig. 19.1: Prominent collections from Great Nicobar Island. A: Abelmoschus moschatus (trailing type); B: Musa indandamanensis (wild banana); C: Artocarpus gomezianus.
134 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Fig. 19.2: Prominent germplasm collected. A: Sesamum alatum (Chitradurga Dt., Karnataka); B: Fox-tail millet (orange coloured husk; Kalvarayan hills, TN); C: Withania somnifera (Tiruchirappalli Dt., TN).
Eastern Ghats region of Tamil Nadu (Thiruvannamalai, 19.2 Germplasm characterisation Vellore and Villupuram districts) and a total of 68 A total of 192 accessions of rice kept in MTS facility germplasm (16 species) were collected. Unique were regenerated and evaluated for 11 qualitative and samples collected were: an orange husk coloured six quantitative pre-harvest characters under upland foxtailmillet (IC624680; Fig. 19.2B) and three rare conditions. A rice landrace viz., ‘Krishnakamodhi’ (N/ upland rice landraces, Mappilai samba (IC623322), 2017-01) collected from Thiruvananthapuram but of Arubathamkuruvai (IC623323) and Thuyamalli Gujarat origin was found to be unique with dark (IC623324). The second trip in Tamil Nadu covering purplish husk and bran, black kernel and aroma (Fig. Tirupur, Namakkal, Perambalur, Ariyalur, Tiruchirappalli 19.3A). Five accessions were photosensitive, suitable and Karur districts in collaboration with ICAR-DMAPR, only for kharif season and four accessions viz., Anand, resulted in a collection of 71 germplasm (33 IC086257, IC086301, IC086302 and IC623323 were species). These germplasm comprise 56 MA&Ps (22 early maturing (75 days). species), eight CWRs (4 species) and seven primitive cultivars (7 species). The M&APs germplasm collected Wild/weedy Oryza spp. (34 samples) collected from include Aloe vera (12), Withania somnifera (8; Fig. Assam during 2012 were characterised (Fig. 19.3B) 19.2C), Andrographis paniculata (4), Gymnema using minimal descriptors. During characterization, six sylvestre (3), Coleus forskohlii (3), Costus speciosus of them were identified as O. rufipogon while the rest (3), Solanum trilobatum (3), S. incanum (3), S. were noted to be weedy rice (O. sativa f. spontanea) xanthocarpum (2), Enicostemma axillare (2) and that were tall (ZA&BCP/2012-25; 175cm). The awns Hemidesmus indicus (2). in most of the samples were purple and in two samples
Fig. 19.3: Rice. A: Landrace ‘Krishnakamodhi’ (dark purple husk; Inset: kernel); B: Wild Oryza species germplasm.
REGIONAL STATION, THRISSUR 135 (ZA&BCP/2012-26 & 41) the immature lemma and locality, kokum usually starts flowering during palea were also purple. The days to flowering ranged November, bear fruits from January onwards and from 110–127 days, the seed length from 7.20 - 8.40 mature by March-April. In contrast, since last two mm and the awn length from 4.08 (ZA&BCP/2012-36) years, there was no fruiting observed in majority of to 10.70 cm (ZA&BCP/2012-39). female trees except three. This year, 30 trees flowered during December and of these only seven Seventy samples of yard-long bean collected from are female. Kerala and Tamil Nadu were characterised for six quantitative and six qualitative characters. One sample Two accessions (IC244113-1; Fig. 19.4C & IC550570- (NPM/17-23A, Kerala) was unique with attractive 1) of Malabar tamarind (Garcinia cambogia) purplish rose pods (less or non fibrous) and easy to were early flowering leading to better processing chop. The collections were scored for YMV disease features at fruit maturity (April-May) while other and 30 samples were found field tolerant to the same. accessions mature during monsoon season making the Pod length ranged from 10.1 (KERYLB 1250) to 50.5 cm processing difficult. (KERYLB 1254). Single pod weight was highest in Garcinia xanthochymus (IC326809-1) and G. KERYLB 1264 (24.06 g). Collections LM/14-40, LM/ hombroniana (IC210379-1), supplied to GN Khalsa 14-42 and LM/14-50 mature at 60 days (extra early college, Mumbai were characterized using matK / type) and all were field tolerant to YMV disease. ITS-1 / rbcL loci and the sequence details were KERYLB-1005 (Fig. 19.4A) and -1006 were high yielding submitted to public database (KY613022, KY613021, with light green, long pods (35-45 cm). IC622601 with KX621280, KX551967 and KX522652). violet striations on pod surface and desirable cooking trait (pods expand on cooking) collected from Effect of gamma irradiation (10kR and 20kR) on 12 Velanthavalam, Kerala was validated and found to colchicine treated amphidiploids of okra was studied. be consistent. The treatments included crosses of Abelmoschus esculentus with A. mizonagensis sp. nov. and A. Trichosanthes cucumerina (9) collected during moschatus subsp. tuberosus with A. moschatus. Seeds 2015-16 were characterized for nine quantitative and were sown in pots along with non-irradiated seeds of 18 qualitative characters. The accessions under study the respective crosses (control). Observations for did not possess much variability for qualitative morphological characters (number and shape of characters except fruit shape. The fruits were epicalyx, first flowering and fruiting node, immature elongated spindle shaped in JJNS/15-85 (Singrauli, fruit colour, fruit length and width, number of ridges MP), while the rest were of oblong shape with tapering and fruit pubescence) were recorded. No visual blossom end (Fig. 19.4B). The accession JJNS/15-85 symptoms of yellow vein mosaic were observed in was found to have maximum fruit length (13.63 cm), plants. The plants of all crosses had morphological width (11.47 cm), weight (68.33 g) and number of seeds similarity with cultivated okra, except for fruit per fruit (37). characters. The fruits were bold with dense At the station, 67 kokum (Garcinia indica) trees are pubescence. at flowering stage (22 male and 45 female). In this
Fig. 19.4: Germplasm characterization. A: Yard-long bean (KERYLB1005; high-yielding); B: T. cucumerina (Vindhya hills, MP); C: Malabar tamarind (IC244113, early-maturing; Inset: Mature fruits).
136 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 New subspecies The middle Andaman Island populations of Momordica cochinchinensis were quite distinct from true M. cochinchinensis Fig. 19.5: Flower for many floral characters and was described as a new of Momordica subspecies; Momordica cochinchinensis subsp. andamanica cochinchinensis subsp. Kattuk., Roy et Krishnaraj (Fig. 19.5 Inset: fruit). Full description, andamanica morphological comparison, ecology, phenology, confirmation Kattuk., Roy et of genomic distinctiveness through DNA bar-coding of matK Krishnaraj. Inset: and rbcL chloroplast loci and viability under cultivation were Fruit. documented. An epitype was also designated to Momordica cochinchinensis subsp. cochinchinensis.
19.3 Germplasm conservation Mimusops andamanica (1), Musa acuminata (1), Piper A total of 6,946 accessions comprising cereals miniatum (1), P. sarmentosum (1), P. wallichii (1), (3,247), millets (116), pulses (1,133), vegetables (1,534), Saccharum spontaneum (1), Sterculea parviflora (1), medicinal plants (76) and wild relatives (840) are Ternstroemia wallichiana (1) and Tinospora sinensis (1). conserved in the MTS facility at the station. In the Macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia, 13) received FGB, currently 1,898 accessions are maintained from Australia and drumstick germplasm (30) from including tropical fruits (200), spice crops (473), tuber Kerala, which are unique, trait specific and crops (282), vegetables (14), medicinal plants (451), environmentally adapted germplasm were established CWRs (364; Fig. 19.6) and other economic plants (80). in the FGB. Under FGB, a permanent plot for conserving perennial For LTS, 812 germplasm (collected-63 and multiplied- CWRs mainly rare, endangered and threatened (RET) 749) were deposited in NGB. This include okra (584), species was established and 32 samples collected Abelmoschus spp. (17), Amaranthus (31), ash gourd from Nicobar Islands were planted in field and pots (1), Cucumis spp. (9), pumpkin (3), Luffa spp. (19), bitter under the shade, net, mist and poly houses. These gourd (9), rice (3), Sesamum spp. (2), Solanum spp. include Alocasia decipiens (1), Amorphophallus (16), Vigna spp. (83) and others including medicinal campanulatus (1), A. hirsutus (1), Artocarpus chaplasha plants (35). A total of 1,595 accessions comprising (1), A. gomezianus (1), Bacopa monnieri (1), Bouea rice (172), Oryza rufipogon (33), okra (1,295), bitter oppositifolia (1), Curcuma caesia (1), C. mangga (4), gourd (75), Trichosanthes cucumerina (9) and oriental D. bulbifera (2), D. glabra (1), D. serpenticola (1), D. pickling melon (11) were regenerated and multiplied wallichii (1), Diplazium esculentum (1), Garcinia fresh lots were stored in MTS facility of the station or hombroniana (1), G. kydii (1), Macaranga nicobarica sent for conservation at NGB. (1), Mangifera andamanica (1), M. sylvatica (1),
Fig. 19.6: New CWRs conserved. A: Solanum spirale (IC618022)–wild edible species from Nagaland; B: Vigna parkeri (EC697142); C: Vigna luteola (EC697146); D: Macadamia integrifolia.
REGIONAL STATION, THRISSUR 137 19.4 Germplasm exchange Under MTA, 1,007 accessions of germplasm comprising various crops / species were supplied to 26 indenters for research purpose.
Research Programme (Code: Title, Programme Leader)
PGR/GEV-BUR-THR-01.0000- Augmentation, characterisation, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of plant genetic resources in Southern India including Goa and Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Joseph John K)
Research Projects (Code: Title, PI, Co-PIs and Associates) Augmentation, characterisation, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of genetic resources of field crops and their wild relatives (M Lathaatha, M Abdul Nizar, A Suma, S Mani and A Indiradevi) Augmentation, characterisation, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of genetic resources of tropical vegetable, fruit and tuber crops and their wild relatives (Joseph John K, M Latha, M Abdul Nizar, A Suma, S Mani, R Asokan Nair and A Indiradevi)
Augmentation, characterisation, evaluation, maintenance, regeneration, conservation, documentation and distribution of genetic resources of spices and their wild relatives, medicinal and other economic plants (M Abdul Nizarar, M Latha, A Suma, S Mani, R Asokan Nair and A Indiradevi)
Externally funded project: • Pre-Breeding for transfer of okra yellow vein mosaic virus and enation leaf curl virus tolerance from wild relatives to cultivated genepool (KV BhatBhat, Joseph John K and M Latha).
138 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 TRAININGS AND CAPACITY BUILDING 20
20.1 Trainings organized during 2017
S. No. Title of programme Duration Venue 1 Management of plant genetic resources of fruit crops March 22-25 ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi
2 Consultative workshop on harmonization of LMO/ August 21 ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi GM detection activities in the country
3 Brainstorming meeting on strategies for August 28 NASC complex, New Delhi implementation of ‘Delhi declaration on agrobiodiversity management’ in India
4 Awareness programme on phytosanitary issues in October 27 NBPGR-RS, Hyderabad collaboration with Plant Quarantine Unit, ICRISAT
20.1.1 Training on management of plant genetic of the valedictory function was Dr RR Hanchinal, resources of fruit crops was organized at ICAR- Chairperson, PPV&FRA, who highlighted the role of NBPGR, New Delhi, in collaboration with AICRP-Fruits, PPV&FRA in the management of PGR and farmers' Bengaluru, from March 22-25, 2017. It was attended participation. by 32 scientists of AICRP on Fruits, hailing from various 20.1.2 Consultative workshop on harmonization parts of India. Padam Shri Dr KL Chadha, Ex-DDG (Hort. of LMO/GM detection activities in India was Sci.) and National Professor; Dr WS Dhillon, ADG (Hort. organized on 21 August, 2017 at ICAR- NBPGR, New Sci.); Dr Prakash Patil, PD, AICRP-Fruits and Dr Kuldeep Delhi under the UNEP-GEF capacity building phase-II Singh, Director, ICAR-NBPGR inaugurated the course project on biosafety, facilitated by MoEF&CC, Govt. and Dr KL Chadha delivered the keynote address, as of India. More than 20 delegates, including key chief guest. He highlighted the need for the representatives from GM detection laboratories, the management of PGR of fruit crops and strengthening National Accreditation Board for Testing and of human resource development in the area. This Calibration of Laboratories (NABL) assessors, training was organized to cover the aspects of PGR accreditation personnel, research experts and management with a framework of 17 lectures, four regulatory bodies participated and deliberated the interactive sessions and a field visit. The chief guest
Fig. 20.1: Training on management of PGR of fruit crops. A: Inaugural function (Dr KL Chadha addressing the trainees; B: Valedictory function (Dr RR Hanchinal presenting certificates to trainees).
TRAININGS AND CAPACITY BUILDING 139 technical sessions. The NABL assessors/ tandem with Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs), representatives gave an overview of NABL Aichi Targets and National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs) requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 and NABL102 was envisaged during the meeting. It was attended in light of GM detection, and GM detection laboratory by 97 participants representing various ICAR institutes, representatives also shared their viewpoints. NBA, PPV&FRA, State Biodiversity Boards, CGIAR centers and experts in various field of agrobiodiversity management. Dr T Mohapatra, Secretary (DARE) & DG (ICAR) and Dr RS Paroda, Chairman (TAAS) and President (ISPGR) co-chaired the meeting. In the first session, Dr Meena Kumari, Chairperson, NBA, Directors of five bureaux (Drs Kuldeep Singh, Arjava Sharma, Kuldeep Lal, Anil Saxena and Chandish Balal), Dr RC Agrawal, Registrar General of PPV&FRA and Dr NK Krishna Kumar, Regional Representative of Bioversity International made detailed presentations on the on-going Fig. 20.2: Participants and organizers of the LMO/GM activities, perceived gaps and possible action plan. harmonization workshop. In the second session, experts (Drs AK Srivastava, Chairman, ASRB; RB Singh, Chancellor, CAU, Imphal; 20.1.3 Brainstorming meeting on strategies for RS Rana, Member, NBA; JS Sandhu, President, ISGPB; implementation of ‘Delhi declaration on and Mr Ajay Vir Jakhar, Chairman, Bharat Krishak agrobiodiversity management’ in India was held Samaj) provided inputs for charting out a roadmap on August 28, 2017 at NASC Complex, New Delhi. based on the recommendations of Delhi Declaration. The meeting was organized by ICAR, NBPGR and the Indian Society of Plant Genetic Resources (ISPGR), in Dr RS Paroda emphasized the importance of co- collaboration with Bioversity International, Trust for ordinated efforts across implementing agencies to Advancement of Agricultural Science (TAAS), ensure sustainable use of agro-biodiversity. Dr T Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Mohapatra, Secretary (DARE) & DG (ICAR) Authority (PPV&FRA) and Indian Society of Genetics appreciated the follow-up of Delhi declaration with and Plant Breeding (ISGPB). For effective the brainstorming meeting to implement suitable implementation of the 12-point Delhi Declaration on strategies. Also, he emphasized that it was essential Agrobiodiversity Management, adopted by the to position the ongoing activities in a framework to participants of the 1st International Agrobiodiversity identify the strengths and gaps in order to best achieve Congress (IAC 2016), development of a roadmap for agro-biodiversity targets enshrined in SDGs and the conservation and utilization of genetic resources in recommendations of Delhi Declaration.
Fig. 20.3: Brainstorming meeting L to R: Drs. Kuldeep Singh, RB Singh, RS Paroda, T Mohapatra, B Meenakumari and AK Srivastava.
140 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 20.2 Trainings undertaken during 2017. Name of the employee Title of training programme Place and period Scientific staff: K Venkateswaran and Digitalization of millets genetic resources management ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad. Feb. 2 N Sivaraj K Venkateswaran and Digitalization of sorghum genetic resources management ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad, N Sivaraj March 25 P Pranusha Digitalization of DUS characters in agricultural crops ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad, March 31 K Anitha K Venkateswaran 12th Management development programme ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad June 13-24 Narender Negi Planting stock improvement for productivity enhancement HFRI, Shimla, July 18-20 Rita Gupta Experimental data analysis ICAR-IASRI, New Delhi, July 26- Aug. 8 Sherry Rachel Jacob Tools and techniques for analysis of biomolecules ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, September 5-18 S K Yadav and Experimental designs and statistical data analysis ICAR-IASRI, New Delhi, Vikender Kaur September 11-20 Mamta Arya Advanced experimental designs and statistical analysis ICAR-IASRI, New Delhi for breeding and agronomic trials Oct. 23-Nov 3 Kuldeep Tripathi Enhancing germplasm use through pre-breeding, PAU, Ludhiana evaluation and frontier Oct. 24-Nov. 13 K Venkateswaran Training on multivariate data analysis ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad, and N Sivaraj December 14-20
Technical staff: Nirmala Dabral “Web-designing, development and maintenance using ICAR-IASRI, New Delhi Open Sources Software” February 18-27 Dayal Singh Training on competence enhancement programme on ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad Soft Skills and Personality Development June 15-24 A Indira Devi Training programme on ICAR-ERP system ICAR-IASRI, New Delhi, July 17-22. Ram Chander and Training on planting stock improvement for productivity HFRI, Shimla, Desh Raj enhancement July 18-20 Rajeev Gambhir Networking: Basics and management ICAR-IASRI, New Delhi September 4-8 20.3 Capacity Building • Kuldeep Singh participated in 16th regular session of the commission on genetic resources 20.3.1 Deputations abroad for food and agriculture held at Rome during Jan. • Parimalan Rangan attended XXV Plant and 29-Feb. 4. Animal Genome Conference held at San Diego, • Kuldeep Singh attended 6th meeting of the ad USA during Jan. 14-18. hoc open-ended working group to enhance the • Anuradha Agrawal participated in the 30-year functioning of the multilateral system of access celebration of the Bioversity International’s Banana and benefit sharing and followed by a special Genebank (International Musa Transit Centre, ITC,) event on the enhancement of the funding strategy and attended an interactive meeting with the staff of the international treaty at FAO, Rome during of Bioversity and Katholieke Universitiet Leuven Mar. 13-18. (KUL) for development of collaborative project • Yasin Jeshima K attended ISCB network under the ICAR-Bioversity workplan at Leuven, functional genomics workshop held at FGCZ, Belgium during Jan. 22-30. TRAININGS AND CAPACITY BUILDING 141 Switzerland during Mar.25-Apr. 1. utilization of genetic resources through strengthening pre-breeding activities" held at • Kuldeep Singh and Pratibha Brahmi attended ICARDA, Morocco during Sep. 17-27. the 4th meeting of the stress tolerant orphan • legumes (STOL) organized by the kirk house trust J. Aravind visited IPK, Gatersleben, Germany (UK), at Moshi, Tanzania to finalize the project under the bilateral programme "Indo-German on "Evaluation of stress tolerant orphan legumes Cooperation on Seed Sector Development’ for for use in dryland farming systems across sub- study on genetic integrity, seed longevity and saharan africa and india - promoting india- africa duplication of long-term conserved germplasm" framework for strategic cooperation" during Jun. during Sep. 25-Dec. 15. 27-28. • Sunil Archak participated in the 7th governing • nd Kuldeep Singh attended 2 meeting of the SAC body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic on article 17 of the ITPGRFA at Rome during Jun. Resources for Food and Agriculture at Rwanda 13-14. during Oct. 30-Nov. 03. • Gurinder jit Randhawa participated in ‘TRG-IV • Anuradha Agrawal and Kuldeep Singh regional coordinators meeting’ organized by participated in the "Regional Expert Consultation European Commission, Joint Research Centre on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutrition (JRC), Italy during Jul. 19-20. Security in Asia and the Pacific", in Bangkok, • Harish GD participated in workshop on genebank Thailand during Nov. 10-16. operations and advanced learning (GOAL) master • Anjula Pandey delivered a keynote address on class 2017 at Malaysian Agricultural Research and "Underutilized plant species in Asia-Pacific Development Institute, Malaysia, organised by Region" during "Regional expert consultation on Crawford Fund and Crop Trust during Jul. 30-Aug. underutilized crops for food and nutrition security 4. in Asia and the Pacific" held at Bangkok, Thailand • Yasin Jeshima K attended the review meeting during Nov. 11-16. of ISCB network review meeting and workshop • Pratibha Brahmi participated in the workshop held at FGCZ, Switzerland during Aug. 20-23. on "Reporting on the state of plant genetic • Sunil Archak participated in the 7th meeting of resources" in Rome, Italy during Nov. 29-Dec. 1. the ad hoc open-ended working group to enhance • B Sarath Babu was deputed as plant quarantine the functioning of the multilateral system of access expert in the FAO consultancy project "Integrated and benefit-sharing (OWG-EFMLS-7) at Rome, programme for prevention and control of red palm Italy during Sep. 5-7. weevil insect" developed and implemented in the • Mohar Singh attended a training on "Ensuring Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during Dec. 26 2017- the continuum between conservation and Mar. 25 2018. 20.3.2 Participation in seminars / conferences / symposia / workshop / meetings
Name Title of seminar/ symposium/ conference/ Place and period workshop/ training Zakaullah Khan National symposium on “Climate smart agriculture for ICAR-CCARI, Jan. 11-13. nematode management” GJ Randhawa, International symposium on ‘Food composition in nutrition ICMR, New Delhi, Jan. 18-19. Vikender Kaur & health’ VC Chalam,Kavita Gupta Consultative meeting on sharing the outcome from COP- New Delhi, Jan. 19. MOP8, Cancun and planning follow up activities SK Yadav National seed seminar on “Food security through ICAR-IARI, New Delhi augmented seed supply under climate uncertainties” Jan. 28-30. SC Dubey CGIAR centres to discuss their ongoing activities with India NASC Complex, New Delhi, focus as well as their future plans Jan. 29-31.
142 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 BH Gawade, Z Khan Seminar on “Enhancing awareness of the threat of root- NASC Complex, New Delhi, lesion nematodes in India” Feb. 3. SC Dubey, Z Khan Meeting on “Emerging nematode problems of crops- Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, redefining management strategies” Feb. 8. SC Dubey 5th National conference on “Biological control: integrating ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, recent advances in pest and disease management” Feb. 9-11. Anuradha Agrawal Brainstorming session on ‘Role of plant breeding and ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, Feb. 11. genetics in meeting sustainable development goals’ held during Platinum Jubilee Celebrations of Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding (ISGPB) Rajeev Gambhir 43rd Asia-Pacific advanced networking (APAN) meeting IHC, New Delhi, Feb. 12-17 Anuradha Agrawal Workshop meeting on “Approach to obtain virus free ICAR-NRCG, Pune, Feb. 13. grape planting material” Raj Kiran Training workshop on “Biodiversity Conservation” WII, Dehradun, Feb. 13-17. Rashmi Yadav 3rd National Brassica conference on “Enhancing oilseed ICAR-IARI, New Delhi brassica production through climate smart technologies” Feb. 16-18. Ruchi Bansal “Inter-Drought V” HICC, Hyderabad, Feb. 21-25. M Latha XIII Agricultural Science Congress on “Climate Smart UAS, Bengaluru, Feb. 21-24. Agriculture” Joseph John K, National biodiversity congress and Expo 2017 Tagore Theatre, Trivandrum, MA Nizar, RA Nair Feb. 22-26. SM Sultan CODER GMW meeting for“Collection, mapping, evaluation Amritsar, Feb. 23. and conservation of PGR of cold desert region of India” B Singh, DB Parakh, Programme on “Seven decades journey of Indian ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, Feb. 28. J Akhtar Phytopathological Society and Birth Centenary of Prof. AP Mishra” SM Sultan Blossom day under the theme “Bloom in temperate fruits ICAR-CITH, Srinagar, Mar. 6. boon for productivity and horti-tourism” M Abdul Nizar National workshop on “Seed collection and conservation” University of Kerala, Mar. 8. SC Dubey 3rd Festival of innovation-roundtable on “Sustainable inputs New Delhi, Mar. 9. in agriculture” hosted by the office of the President of India M Abdul Nizar XV Scientific advisory committee meeting of KVK, Thrissur KVK, Thrissur, Mar. 9. SC Dubey A meeting on “Agricultural bio-security bill” MoA&FW, New Delhi, Mar. 9 and 17. S Bhalla, VC Chalam Workshop on “Phase-II capacity building project on MoEF&CC, New Delhi, Kavita Gupta, GJ Randhawa biosafety: outcome and the way forward” Mar. 15. SC Dubey Hindi workshop on “Role of plant quarantine in plant ICAR-NBPGR, disease management” New Delhi, Mar. 16. SM Sultan CODER software training programme SKUAST, Jammu, Mar. 20-21. Kuldeep Tripathi NCFCASD-2017 CSAUAT, Kanpur Mar. 24–25. SC Dubey Hindi Sammelan organized by Nagar Rajaya Bhasa ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, Apr. 12. Karyanwan Samiti (NARAKAS) Joseph John K RAC meeting of Forest Dept., A&N Islands for Forest PCCF, Port Blair, Apr. 19. Entry permit B Sarath Babu, N Sivaraj Rayalaseema seed festival Kadiri, AP, Apr. 27. M Abdul Nizar XVIIth Annual group meeting of AICRP on tuber crops UAS, Bagalkot, Apr. 28-30. GJ Randhawa, Consultative meeting for constituting an expert group on MoEF&CC, New Delhi, May 2. Yasin Jeshima K synthetic biology M Abdul Nizar Symposium on genomics in agriculture Smart City, Kerala, May 15. Anuradha Agrawal XXIIIrd Institute management committee of NRCB, Trichy ICAR-NRCB, Trichy, May 23. NK Gautam MULLaRP workshop GBPUAT , Pantnagar May 6-8.
TRAININGS AND CAPACITY BUILDING 143 Rekha Chaudhury Chaired meeting of project partners from NRC for Orchids, Darjeeling, Jun. 5 Darjeeling Centre and IBSD, Imphal for Project on Orchid Biotechnology Vandana Tyagi, SC Dubey Workshop on “Exchange/ transfer and sharing of NASC complex, New Delhi, knowledge/ biological/ genetic resources with outside and Jun. 8. foreign agencies” Dr N Sivaraj Consultative workshop on short gestation non-edible oil ICAR-IIOR, Hyderabad, crops as feed stock for biodiesel Jun. 13-14. Kavita Gupta MDP on leadership Development ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad, Jun. 13-24. S Bhalla, VC Chalam Consultative meeting with stakeholders to discuss on New Delhi, Jun. 20. “Issues related to Biosafety activities and Budget plan for Biosafety Scheme of MoEF&CC” SM Sultan Annual state level review meeting of ICAR regional SKUAST, Srinagar, Jun. 20. committee for J&K SK Yadav XXXV Annual group meeting of AICRP on vegetable crops ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru, Jun. 24-27. Joseph John K Management development programme on leadership ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad, development Jun. 13-24. S Bhadra Kumar Refresher course on administration and finance ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad, management Jun. 23-29. SC Dubey, SK Yadav XXVII Kharif group meet of AICRN on potential crops ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, Jun. 30. SM Sultan Rising Kashmir 2017 SKICC, Srinagar, Jul. 3-6. N Sivaraj One-day dialogue on modern breeding strategies for PJTSAU, Telangana, Jul. 10. crop improvement VC Chalam State level biosafety capacity building workshop under AAU, Gujarat, Jul. 13. phase-II capacity building project on biosafety K Pradheep, RS Rathi, Workshop of UNEP implemented GEF project on NASC Complex, New Delhi, PK Malav, SP Ahlawat, “Mainstreaming agricultural biodiversity conservation & Jul. 18-20. DP Semwal, Soyimchiten, utilization in agricultural sector to ensure ecosystem K Tripathi, R Bhardwaj services & reduce vulnerability” R Yadava & Gayacharan SK Raina Inter-departmental committee meeting by Honb’le Agri. MoA, J&K, Jul. 25. minister, J&K VC Chalam Opportunities through plant protection New Delhi, Jul. 29. SM Sultan Review meeting on 3rd party evaluation by ICAR of centrally ICAR-CITH and SKUAST, sponsored National saffron mission project Srinagar, Jul. 29. SP Singh Indo-US workshop on “Dual use agrochemicals-improving NASC complex, New Delhi, security at vulnerable locations in the agrochemical supply Aug. 1. chain” SK Bishnoi Status of seed sector in Jharkhand RCER-RC, Ranchi, Aug. 8. B Singh Meeting on “Sensitization on occurrence and management UHS, Bagalkot, Aug. 8. of banana Fusarium wilt- TR4” KM Rai Apple Day/Show-cum-Apple growers’ meet ICAR-CITH, Mukteshwar, Aug. 8. Joseph John K TOLIC meeting Hotel Asoka, Thrissur, Aug. 8. Anuradha Agrawal Meeting of the DBT twining project ‘Collection, taxonomy, ICAR-NER-RC, Umaim, molecular characterization and conservation of Musa Aug. 11-13. germplasm from North-Eastern Region (NER) of India’ Vikender Kaur Annual meeting of research workers of safflower PJSTAU, Hyderabad and linseed Aug. 17-19. Mamta Arya, PS Mehta Participatory seed systems and climate change Lok Chetna Manch, Majhkhali, Aug. 22.
144 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 A Indira Devi TOLIC Hindi Workshop Hotel Vrindavan, Thrissur, Aug. 23. Jyoti Kumari, AK Singh 56th all India wheat & barley research workers BHU, Varanasi, Aug. 25-28. RS Rathi Protecting swadeshi genetic resources NASC Complex, New Delhi, Aug. 29. S Bhalla, VC Chalam 5th Annual south Asia biosafety conference Bengaluru, Sep. 11-13. R Asokan Nair Training on “Competency enhancement programme on ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad, motivation and positive thinking for technical officers of ICAR” Sep. 13-22. SK Sharma Model training course on “Precision agriculture technologies” ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, Sep. 18-23. AK Singh, SK Singh National seminar on “Smart farming for enhancing input use Umiam, Meghalaya, efficiency, income and environment security (SFEIES)” Sep. 19-21. B Singh, Rahul, N Negi Alternate farming systems to enhance farmers’ income YSPUHF, Solan, Sep. 19-21. N Sivaraj Workshop on “Plant variety protection and DUS testing in ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad, Sep. 22. small millets” Ashok Kumar, Gayacharan Vigna meeting ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur, Oct. 4. SK Yadav, SK Kaushik IV Rabi meet of AICRN on potential crops UAS, Bengaluru, Oct. 12. SM Sultan, SK Raina National workshop on “Olive research and development in ICAR-CITH, Srinagar, India” Oct. 24-25. Urmila Singh Enhancing efficiency and behavioural skills ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad, Oct. 25-31. B Sarath Babu, “Awareness programme on phytosanitary issues” ICRISAT, Hyderabad, H Prasanna, K Anitha Oct. 26. Gowthami R International conference on “Advances in agricultural and CCSU, Meerut, Oct. 27-28. biodiversity conservation for sustainable development (ABCD-2017)” Anuradha Agrawal Policy dialogue on “Incentives and strategies for scaling NASC complex, New Delhi, out innovations for smallholder farmers” Oct. 30-31. Pooja Kumari CAFT training on “Use of biotechnological and conventional ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, tools in understanding virus-host interactions” Nov. 7-27. Monika Singh, EV Malhotra, 3rd International Conference on “Bioresources and State Institute of Agriculture Bharat H. Gawade and stress mManagement” Management, Jaipur Zakaullah Khan November 8-11 SP Ahlawat, KC Bhatt, 19th Organic World Congress (OWC) 2017 India Expo Mart, Noida, DP Semwal, Joseph John K UP. November 9-11, 2017 K Pradheep 27th Annual conference of Indian association for DU, Delhi, Nov. 10-12. angiosperm taxonomy & international symposium on plant systematics priorities & challenges VC Chalam Stakeholder meet on “National certification system for New Delhi, Nov. 14. tissue culture raised plants (NCS-TCP)” Kavita Gupta National training programme on “Seed health testing” NSRTC, Varanasi, Nov. 14. SC Dubey MEA Inter-ministerial coordination meeting to prepare MoEA, Delhi, Nov. 20. for the biological and toxin weapons convention (BWC) R Chaudhury, A Agrawal, Joint Workshop on “Experience sharing in plant variety PPV&FRA, New Delhi, N Sharma, S Gupta, protection under Indo-German bilateral co-operation on Nov. 21-22. P Brahmi, V Tyagi, seed sector development” A Pandey, KC Bhatt Joseph John K, A Suma National seminar on “Modern trends in conservation, Kerala University, Nov. 23-24. utilisation and improvement of plant genetic resources” AP Raina National workshop on “Identification and characterization CDRI, Lucknow Nov. 27-29. of phytochemicals using HRMS instruments” DP Semwal National consortium on “Food industry leader consortium Taj hotel, New Delhi, Nov. 27. for organics & millets (FILCOM)”
TRAININGS AND CAPACITY BUILDING 145 Joseph John K TOLIC Half-yearly meeting Hotel Asoka, Thrissur, Nov. 28. Sundeep Kumar, AK Singh Training programme on “Recent advances of bioinformatics IASRI, Dec. 1-21. in agricultural research: a practical perspective” P Kumar, Vimala Devi S, International conference on “Global research initiatives for MPUAT, Rajasthan, Dec. 2-4. Sherry Rachel Jacob sustainable agriculture & allied sciences” Ashok Kumar, NK Gautum National symposium on “Pulses for nutritional security and ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur, Dec. 2-4. agricultural sustainability” VC Chalam VIROCON 2017, 26th National conference of indian Nitte University, Karnataka, virological society “viruses to viromes in health and disease” Dec. 7-9. Mohar Singh, Rahul Mainstreaming of farmer varieties in Uttarakhand and HP SKAUST, Jammu, Dec. 7-8. KK Gangopadhyay NCVEG-17 ICAR-IIVR,Varanasi, Dec. 9-11. KM Rai Scientific advisory committee KVK, Nainital, Dec. 11. VC Chalam IVS lecture series on “X-ray crystallography and cryo- New Delhi, Dec. 13. electron microscopy for proteins and protein assemblies” M Latha, M Abdul Nizar One day awareness workshop on “Plant variety registration KAU, Thrissur, Dec. 15. and plant genome saviour farmer award” - IPR cell of KAU, Thrissur J Akhtar, Awareness workshop on “Fusarium wilt caused by Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, Anuradha Agrawal TR4 in banana” Dec. 16. A Suma Model training course (MTC) on “Climate smart agriculture NIASM, Baramati, for enhancing crop and water productivity under abiotic Dec. 16-23. stress conditions” SC Dubey, B Singh, Annual zonal meeting (IPS, MEZ) and National symposium ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, Dec. 19. VC Chalam, J Akhtar, on “Innovative strategies for the management of plant P Kumar, R Kiran, P Kumari disease under climate change scenario” R Asokan Nair TOLIC one day Hindi Workshop AG’s office, Thrissur, Dec. 19. SC Dubey Consultative meeting on “Biosafety guidelines for ICAR-NRCB, Trichy, Dec. 21. handling Fusarium wilt Tropical race 4”
146 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 GENERAL INFORMATION 21 Summary: In total, 123 scientific, 69 technical, 47 administrative and 61 supporting staff personnel were in position at ICAR- NBPGR including regional stations as of December 31. During the year, 22 promotions, 23 transfers and 12 retirements were effected across all staff categories. The scientific staff were bestowed with 21 young/best scientist awards, nine scientists were chosen as Fellows of national societies. Dissemination of research outputs in the form of peer-reviewed research articles (130), books (7), book chapters (28), bulletins (4), popular articles (20), tv talks (8), reports (3), plant germplasm reporter (1) and e- publications (34). As a part of outreach activities, the institute organized eight field days, and ten PGR awareness-cum- biodiversity fair programmes under TSP or MGMG.
21.1 Institute management committee (IMC)
Director, ICAR-NBPGR, Pusa Campus, New Delhi Chairman ADG (Seed), ICAR-HQ, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi Member Development Commissioner (Rural), Delhi Government, 5/9 Under Hill Road, Delhi Member Director (Agriculture), Department of Agriculture, Pant Krishi Bhawan, Jaipur, Rajasthan Member The Comptroller, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi Member Dr OP Yadav, Former Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, New Delhi Member Dr Pratap Birthal, Principal Scientist, ICAR-National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Member Policy Research, New Delhi Dr AK Singh, Head, Division of Genetics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi Member Dr Rajendra Prasad, Professor (Agricultural Statistics), ICAR-IASRI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi Member Senior Admn. Officer, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi Member Secretary
21.2 Research advisory committee (RAC)
Dr Tej Pratap, Vice-Chancellor, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chairman Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir Dr S Edison, Former Director, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Member Dr JP Khurana, Professor of Plant Molecular Biology, Delhi University, Delhi Member Dr DK Yadava, ADG (Seed) acting, ICAR, New Delhi Member Dr AK Singh, Head, Division of Genetics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi Member Dr KS Ravi, Lead-Vegatable Research Centre, Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Co. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka Member Dr Kuldeep Singh, Director, ICAR-NBPGR, Pusa Campus, New Delhi Member Dr KV Bhat, Principal Scientist & I/C DGR, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi Member Secretary
The XIX meeting of the RAC of ICAR-NBPGR was held GKVK and Dr KV Bhat, Member Secretary, ICAR- on July 19, 2017 at New Delhi under the Chairmanship NBPGR, could not attend the meeting due to pre- of Dr Tej Pratap, Former Vice-Chancellor, SKUAST, occupation. All the HoDs and OICs of Units and Cells Srinagar. Other RAC members, viz., Dr S Edison, Dr of ICAR-NBPGR at HQ and RS/BC also attended the SR Chaphalkar, Dr KS Ravi, Dr DK Yadava, Dr AK Singh, meeting as invitees. Dr Kuldeep Singh, and Dr RK Tyagi, member secretary (Acting) and Head, Division of Germplasm 21.3 Institute research council (IRC) Conservation, ICAR-NBPGR, attended the meeting. The 28th Institute Research Council (IRC) meeting from Dr JP Khurana, Dr JR Bhatt Advisor, MoEF&CC; Dr N July 20-22, 2017 was held under the Chairmanship of Seetharam, Ex-Project Coordinator, Small Millets, Dr Kuldeep Singh, Director, ICAR-NBPGR with Dr.
GENERAL INFORMATION 147 Mukesh Kumar Rana as Member secretary. The conference and the regional committee meetings. Principal Investigators / OICs / scientists of the Also, inputs for various documents / issues / reports respective regional stations presented the progress of CGIAR projects / foreign-aided projects / report of the 86 institute projects operational at parliament questions / audit paras, or any such headquarters and various regional stations / base information as and when required for the council / centres. HoDs and OICs of units / RS / BC made the any other agencies. presentations followed by the PIs of the respective projects. FMS-MIS at NBPGR 21.4 Institute joint staff council (IJSC) Five management modules viz., financial, project (project and scheme code generation for RPP-I, Election for IJSC was conducted at ICAR-NBPGR HQ submission of RPP II and RPP III), procurement & stores and its RS/BC on June 17, 2017. Dr Ishwar Singh (indent raising), human resource (training information, presided as election officer. The following members applying leaves) and payroll (information related to were elected for different categories: Technical Staff: transfer and joining of employees) were supported Mr Satya Prakash (TO) and Mr Braham Prakash (TO); through FMS-MIS. Administrative staff: Mr Yogesh Kumar (Assistant) and Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi Sharma (Assistant); Skilled HRD Activities Supporting Staff: Mr Yatish Chandra and Braham Dev Annual Training Plan (ATP) of all the staff members of Paswan. the Bureau for the year 2017-18 has been prepared 21.5 Prioritization monitoring and evaluation based on the training needs assessment and the same (PME) cell has been submitted to the Council. During the reporting period, nineteen scientists, nineteen technical staff and Dr Shashi Bhalla OIC four administrative staff have attended different training Ms Madhu Bala Priyadarshi Co-nodal officer programmes and the same is being updated regularly Dr SK Kaushik HRD nodal officer in the ICAR-ERP System as per Council’s guidelines. Dr Monika Singh Member The information on HRD activities was compiled in the Dr Vartika Srivastava Member form of six-monthly report, annual report, impact Dr MK Rana IRC member assessment proformae etc. and submitted to the ADG secretary (HRM). Dr Rakesh Bhardwaj Nodal officer Krishi KRISHI Portal Portal Knowledge based resource information systems hub PME cell coordinated all scientific activities such as for innovations in agriculture (KRISHI) is an initiative of project proposals (25), manuscripts (33)/ abstracts ICAR to gather its knowledge resources at one place (60); training/ fellowship proposals etc. as per the for all stakeholders. The portal has been developed ICAR guidelines. It also coordinates professional as a centralized data repository system of ICAR attachment training for ARS scientists and training for consisting of technology, data generated through M.Sc/M.Tech students; HoDs and PMC meetings and experiments/ surveys/ observational studies, geo- maintenance of the documents pertaining to these spatial data, publications, learning resources, etc. activities. Besides, it also submitted six-monthly (target Safe transfer of raw experimental data in electronic and achievements), half-yearly (progress report of form was ensured on transfer and superannuation of scientists), other agenda items and ATRs for Director’s scientists working at ICAR-NBPGR.
148 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 21.6 Personnel (i) Scientific staff in position as on 31st December 2017:
S. No. Name Designation (specialization) 1 Dr Kuldeep Singh Director (Genetics and Plant Breeding) Division of Plant Exploration and Germplasm Collection 2 Dr SP Ahlawat Head (Plant Breeding) 3 Dr Anjula Pandey Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 4 Dr KC Bhatt Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 5 Dr K Pradheep Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 6 Dr RS Rathi Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 7 Dr DP Semwal Senior Scientist (Economic Botany) 8 Sh Soyimchiten Scientist (Horticulture) 9 Ms S Nivedhitha Scientist (Economic Botany and PGR) 10 Sh Pavan Kumar Malav Scientist (Economic Botany and PGR) Germplasm Exchange Unit 11 Dr Pratibha Brahmi Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) and OIC 12 Dr Vandana Tyagi Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 13 Dr SK Yadav Principal Scientist (Horticulture) 14 Dr Pragya Senior Scientist (Vegetable Science) Division of Plant Quarantine 15 Dr SC Dubey Head (Plant Pathology) 16 Dr Baleshwar Singh Principal Scientist (Plant Pathology) 17 Dr Shashi Bhalla Principal Scientist (Agrl. Entomology) 18 Dr DB Parakh Principal Scientist (Plant Pathology) 19 Dr V Celia Chalam Principal Scientist (Plant Pathology) 20 Dr Kavita Gupta Principal Scientist (Agrl. Entomology) 21 Dr Moolchand Singh Principal Scientist (Agronomy) 22 Dr Surendra Pal Singh Principal Scientist (Agrl. Entomology) 23 Dr Zakaullah Khan Principal Scientist (Nematology) 24 Dr Jameel Akhtar Senior Scientist (Plant Pathology) 25 Dr BH Gawade Scientist (Plant Nematology) 26 Dr Pardeep Kumar Scientist (Agrl. Biotechnology) 27 Ms Raj Kiran Scientist (Plant Pathology) 28 Ms Pooja Kumari Scientist (Plant Pathology) Division of Germplasm Evaluation 29 Dr Ashok Kumar Principal Scientist (Plant Breeding) & Head (Officiating) 30 Dr KK Gangopadhyay Principal Scientist (Horticulture) 31 Dr SK Kaushik Principal Scientist (Genetics and Plant Breeding) 32 Dr Archana P. Raina Principal Scientist (Biochemistry-Pl. Sci.) 33 Dr Ishwar Singh Principal Scientist (Agronomy) 34 Dr Rakesh Bhardwaj Principal Scientist (Biochemistry) 35 Sh NK Gautam Scientist-SG (Economic Botany)
GENERAL INFORMATION 149 36 Dr Sandeep Kumar Senior Scientist (Biochemistry) 37 Dr Rakesh Srivastava Senior Scientist (Horticulture) 38 Dr Jyoti Kumari Senior Scientist (Plant Breeding) 39 Dr Rashmi Yadav Senior Scientist (Agronomy) 40 Dr Vinod Kumar Sharma Senior Scientist (Vegetable Science) 41 Dr Vikender Kaur Scientist (Economic Botany) 42 Dr Gayacharan Scientist (Agrl. Biotechnology) 43 Dr Ruchi Bansal Scientist (Plant Physiology) 44 Dr Kuldeep Tripathi Scientist (Economic Botany and PGR) 45 Dr Kumari Shubha Scientist (Vegetable Sciences) 46 Dr VS Meena Scientist (Horticulture-fruit science) 47 Dr Bharat Bhushan Scientist (Biochemistry-Pl. Sci.) 48 Dr Mamta Singh Scientist (Genetics and Plant Breeding) Division of Genomic Resources 49 Dr Gurinderjit Randhawa Principal Scientist (Plant Physiology) and OIC 50 Dr MC Yadav Principal Scientist (Genetics / Cytogenetics) 51 Dr SS Marla Principal Scientist (Biotechnology) 52 Dr MK Rana Principal Scientist (Plant Breeding) 53 Dr Rakesh Singh Principal Scientist (Biotechnology) 54 Dr Ambika Baldev Gaikwad Principal Scientist (Biotechnology) 55 Dr Sunil Archak National Fellow (Biotechnology) 56 Dr Lalit Arya Principal Scientist (Plant Biochemistry) 57 Dr Manjusha Verma Principal Scientist (Plant Biochemistry) 58 Dr Sundeep Kumar Principal Scientist (Biotechnology) 59 Dr Rajesh Kumar Senior Scientist (Plant Biotechnology) 60 Dr S Rajkumar Senior Scientist (Genetics / Cytogenetics) 61 Dr Amit Kumar Singh Scientist (Biotechnology) 62 Dr R Parimalan Scientist (Biotechnology) 63 Dr Yasin Jeshima K Scientist (Genetics) 64 Ms Sheel Yadav Scientist (Biotechnology-Pl. Sci.) 65 Dr Monika Singh Scientist (Agrl. Biotechnology) 66 Dr DP Wankhede Scientist (Plant Genetics) Division of Germplasm Conservation 67 Dr Veena Gupta Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) and Head (Officiating) 68 Dr Kalyani Srinivasan Principal Scientist (Plant Physiology) 69 Dr Neeta Singh Principal Scientist (Plant Physiology) 70 Dr J Radhamani Principal Scientist (Plant Physiology) 71 Dr Anjali Kak Koul Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 72 Dr Chithra Devi Pandey Principal Scientist (Seed Technology) 73 Dr Sushil Pandey Principal Scientist (Seed Technology) 74 Dr Vimala Devi Senior Scientist (Genetics and Plant Breeding) 75 Dr Sherry Rachel Jacob Scientist (Seed Technology) 76 Sh J Aravind Scientist (Plant Genetics)
150 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 77 Ms Padmavati G Gore Scientist (Economic Botany and PGR) Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit 78 Dr Anuradha Agrawal Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) and OIC 79 Dr Rekha Chaudhury Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 80 Dr Ruchira Pandey Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 81 Dr Neelam Sharma Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 82 Dr Sandhya Gupta Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 83 Dr Sangita Bansal Senior Scientist (Agrl. Biotechnology) 84 Dr Vartika Srivastava Scientist (Horticulture-Fruit Sciences) 85 Ms Gowthami R Scientist (Genetics and Plant Breeding) 86 Dr Era Vaidya Malhotra Scientist (Agrl. Biotechnology) Policy Planning Unit 87 Dr Pratibha Brahmi Incharge Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit 88 Dr Shashi Bhalla Incharge 89 Ms M Priyadarshi Scientist (Computer Application) AICRN-PC 90 Dr BS Phogat Principal Scientist (Agronomy) and Network Coordinator 91 Dr HL Raiger Principal Scientist (Agrl. Statistics) Regional Station, Akola 92 Dr Nilamani Dikshit Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) and OIC 93 Dr Dinesh Chand Senior Scientist (Economic Botany and PGR) 94 Dr Sunil Shriram Gomashe Scientist (Plant Breeding) Regional Station, Bhowali 95 Dr IS Bisht Principal Scientist (Plant Pathology) and OIC 96 Dr KM Rai Scientist (Fruit Sciences) 97 Dr Mamta Arya Scientist (Plant Genetics) Base Centre, Cuttack 98 Dr Dipti Ranjan Pani Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) and OIC 99 Dr RC Mishra Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) Regional Station, Hyderabad 100 Dr B Sarath Babu Principal scientist (Agrl. Entomology) and OIC 101 Dr SK Chakrabarty Principal Scientist (Plant Pathology) 102 Dr SR Pandravada Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 103 Dr V Kamala Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 104 Dr Natarajan Sivaraj Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) 105 Dr Anitha Kodaru Principal Scientist (Plant Pathology) 106 Ms P Pranusha Scientist (Plant Genetics) 107 Dr Prasanna Holajjer Scientist (Nematology) Regional Station, Jodhpur 108 Dr Omvir Singh Principal Scientist (Plant Breeding) and OIC 109 Dr Kartar Singh Scientist (Plant Pathology) 110 Mrs Neelam Shekhawat Scientist (Genetics and Plant Breeding)
GENERAL INFORMATION 151 Base Centre, Ranchi 111 Dr SK Bishnoi Scientist (Genetics) and OIC 112 Dr SB Choudhary Scientist (Genetics and Plant Breeding) Regional Station, Shillong 113 Dr AK Mishra Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) and OIC 114 Dr Harish GD Scientist (Genetics and Plant Breeding) 115 Dr Subarna Hajong Scientist (Economic Botany and PGR) Regional Station, Shimla 116 Dr Mohar Singh Principal Scientist (Plant Breeding) and OIC 117 Sh Badal Singh Scientist (Economic Botany and PGR) 118 Sh Rahul Scientist (PGR) 119 Dr Narendra Negi Scientist (Fruit Sciences) Regional Station, Srinagar 120 Dr SM Sultan Senior Scientist (Economic Botany) and OIC 121 Dr SK Raina Scientist (Genetics and Plant Breeding) Regional Station, Thrissur 122 Dr Joseph John K Principal Scientist (Economic Botany) and OIC 123 Dr M Latha Principal Scientist (Plant Breeding) 124 Dr Abdul Nizar Scientist-SG (Economic Botany and PGR) 125 Ms Suma A Scientist (Economic Botany and PGR)
(ii) Technical staff in position as on 31st December 2017.
S. No. Name Designation Division of Plant Exploration and Germplasm Collection 1 Sh. NS Panwar Assistant Chief Technical Officer 2 Smt Rita Gupta Senior Technical Officer 3 Sh Om Prakash Dhariwal Senior Technical Assistant 4 Sh SK Sharma Senior Technical Assistant Germplasm Exchange Unit 5 Sh SP Singh Assistant Chief Technical Officer 6 Sh SS Ranga Assistant Chief Technical Officer 7 Sh PC Binda Senior Technical Assistant 8 Sh SK Ojha Senior Technician Division of Plant Quarantine 9 Sh AK Maurya Assistant Chief Technical Officer 10 Sh DS Meena Assistant Chief Technical Officer 11 Sh Sunil Kumar Senior Technical Assistant 12 Sh Naresh Kumar Technical Assistant Division of Germplasm Evaluation 13 Ms Poonam Suneja Assistant Chief Technical Officer 14 Sh BL Meena Assistant Chief Technical Officer 15 Sh Babu Ram Assistant Chief Technical Officer
152 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 16 Sh BS Panwar Assistant Chief Technical Officer 17 Sh YS Rathi Assistant Chief Technical Officer 18 Sh OS Ahlawat Senior Technical Officer 19 Sh Narendra Pal Technical Officer 20 Sh RK Sharma Senior Technical Officer 21 Sh SS Bhoj Technical Officer Division of Genomic Resources 22 Dr SK Singh Senior Technical Officer 23 Sh D Gautam Technical Officer 24 Sh Rohtash Singh Technical Assistant Division of Germplasm Conservation 25 Sh BP Dahiya Chief Technical Officer 26 Sh Rajvir Singh Assistant Chief Technical Officer 27 Sh AD Sharma Assistant Chief Technical Officer 28 Smt Smita Lenka Jain Senior Technical Officer 29 Sh Satya Prakash Technical Officer 30 Smt Nirmala Dabral Technical Officer 31 Sh Lal Singh Technical Assistant Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit 32 Sh DK Nerwal Assistant Chief Technical Officer 33 Sh Anang Pal Assistant Chief Technical Officer 34 Sh Ramesh Chandra Technical Officer 35 Sh DPS Meena Senior Technical Officer 36 Sh DC Mishra Senior Technical Assistant Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit 38 Sh Rajiv Gambhir Assistant Chief Technical Officer 39 Sh VK Mandal Technical Assistant AICRN-PC 40 Sh Ram Nandan Senior Technician Library 41 Smt Sangita Tanwar Assistant Chief Technical Officer 42 Sh Om Prakash Technical Officer Director Technical Cell 43 Sh Abhay Sharma Technical Officer 44 Sh AK Sharma Senior Technical Assistant Vehicle Cell 45 Sh Brahm Prakash Technical Officer 46 Sh Wazir Singh Senior Technical Assistant 47 Sh Balwant Singh Technical Officer 48 Sh Khusvinder Kumar Senior Technician 49 Sh Ram Balak Rai Technical Assistant 50 Sh Ravinder Kumar Technical Assistant 51 Sh Ranjit Singh Senior Technical Assistant
GENERAL INFORMATION 153 Regional Station, Bhowali 52 Sh PS Mehta Senior Technical Officer 53 Sh Ramit Joshi Senior Technical Assistant 54 Sh Mohan Ram Senior Technical Assistant (Driver) 55 Sh Gopal Singh Technical Assistant (Driver) Regional Station, Hyderabad 56 Sh Babu Abraham Assistant Chief Technical Officer 57 Sh R Gunashekharan Technical Officer 58 Sh MAA Khan Senior Technical Assistant (Driver) 59 Sh MV Reddy Technical Assistant (Driver) Regional Station, Jodhpur 60 Sh Bhatta Ram Senior Technical Assistant Base Centre, Ranchi 61 Sh AK Gupta Senior Technical Officer 62 Sh Narendra Ram Technical Officer (Driver) Regional Station, Shimla 63 Sh Ram Chander Technical Assistant 64 Sh Dayal Singh Technical Assistant 65 Sh Joginder Singh Senior Technical Assistant Regional Station, Thrissur 66 Sh S Mani Assistant Chief Technical Officer 67 Sh R Ashokan Nair Senior Technical Officer 68 Smt A Indra Devi Senior Technical Officer 69 Sh E N Prabhakaran Senior Technician Others 70 Ms Anshu Unauthorized absence
(iii) Administrative staff in position as on 31st December 2017. S. No. Name Designation Establishment Section 1 Sh Vivek Purwar Senior Administrative Officer 2 Sh UC Sharma Administrative Officer 3 Smt Poonam Batra Personal Assistant 4 Smt Sangeeta Gambhir Assistant 5 Smt Savitri Devi Assistant 6 Smt Satvinder Kaur Assistant 7 Sh Yogesh Kumar Assistant 8 Sh KC Kundu Senior Clerk 9 Sh Arvind Kumar Senior Clerk 10 Sh Dev Kumar Senior Clerk Accounts Section 11 Smt Kamna Tandon Administrative Officer 12 Smt Yashoda Rani Assistant Administrative Officer
154 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 13 Sh Mahabir Singh Yadav Assistant 14 Sh J K Singh Senior Clerk 15 Smt Madhu Chawla Assistant Stores 16 Sh Dinesh Sharma Assistant Purchase 17 Sh Avdesh Kumar Assistant Administrative Officer 18 Sh Sanjay Dangwal Senior Clerk Audit Section 19 Sh KK Sharma Senior Finance & Accounts Officer 20 Sh Mahesh Kumar Finance & Accounts Officer 21 Sh Surender Kumar Assistant 22 Smt Bharti Sharma Assistant 23 Smt Vijaylakshmi Sharma Assistant 24 Sh Prabal Dasgupta Assistant Pension & Records 25 Smt Amrita Negi Assistant Director’s Cell 26 Smt Kanchan Khurana Personal Secretary Prof. PGR & GCD 27 Sh Ganga Nand Personal Secretary Division of Plant Quarantine 28 Smt V Vijayalakshmi Personal Assistant Division of Plant Exploration and Germplasm Collection 29 Smt Urmila Singh Personal Assistant Division of Germplasm Evaluation 30 Smt Neelam Khatri Personal Assistant Hindi Unit 31 Smt Archna Raghav Assistant Director (Official Languages) Security 32 Sh UC Sati Security Officer 33 Sh Sandeep Gaur Assistant (on Lien) 34 Ms Sanjoo Verma Assistant 35 Sh Gopesh Pandey Assistant 36 Sh Hemant Ankur Assistant Regional Station, Akola 37 Sh Purushottam Dhoke Assistant 38 Smt Smita D Karale Lower Division Clerk Regional Station, Bhowali 39 Sh ND Patwal Assistant Administrative Officer Base Centre, Cuttack 40 Sh SK Lal Assistant
GENERAL INFORMATION 155 Regional Station, Hyderabad 41 Smt Radha Rani Assistant 42 Sh M Srinivasa Rao Assistant 43 Sh P Suleiman Senior Clerk Regional Station, Jodhpur 44 Smt Leela Sharma Assistant Regional Station, Shimla 45 Smt Pratibha Assistant Administrative Officer Regional Station, Shillong 46 Smt Lakshmilian Kharnary Assistant Regional Station, Thrissur 47 Sh S Bhadra Kumar Assistant Administrative Officer
(iv) Skilled support staff in position as on 31st December 2017.
S. No. Name S. No. Name Director’s Cell 20 Sh Sandesh Kumar 1 Sh Surender Kumar 21 Smt Lakshmi Devi 2 Sh Hari Chand Paswan TCCU Director’s Technical Cell 22 Smt Geeta Devi 3 Om Prakash 23 Sh Nand Kishore DGEPC 24 Sh Chandeshwar Rai 4 Smt Manju Devi AKMU 5 Smt Sharda Devi 25 Sh Lalu Rai Germplasm Exchange Unit AICRN-PC 6 Sh Arun Kumar 26 Sh Mahadev Mauryas Division of Plant Quarantine Library 7 Sh Suresh Chand Rai 27 Sh Umesh Kumar 8 Sh Sat Narayan Thakur SAO Cell Division of Germplasm Evaluation 28 Sh T Pokheral 9 Sh Mahesh Ram Despatch Section 10 Sh Ram Kishan 29 Sh Anant Swaroop 11 Sh Kush Kumar Accounts Section 12 Sh Braham Dev Paswan 30 Sh Sanjeev Paswan 13 Sh Ram Kalit Rai Audit Section 14 Sh Yatish Chandra 31 Sh Sunil Kumar 15 Smt Rukmani 32 Sh Yogesh Kumar 16 Sh Rajinder 33 Sh Suresh Ram Division of Genomic Resources Establishment 17 Smt Agya Devi 34 Sh Roshan Lal 18 Sh Ramesh Chand Experimental Farm, Issapur Division of Germplasm Conservation 35 Sh Dhir Singh 19 Sh Basant Kumar 36 Sh Mahabir Singh
156 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Regional Station, Akola Regional Station, Jodhpur 37 Sh SR Pacherwal 51 Sh DS Rajpurohit 38 Sh RC More Base Centre, Ranchi 39 Sh RP Barsse 52 Sh Vijay Kumar 40 Sh AD Godlinga Regional Station, Shimla 41 Sh MB Nikose 53 Sh Bhagwan Singh Regional Station, Bhowali 54 Sh Paras Ram 42 Sh Anand Kumar 55 Sh Rohit 43 Sh GC Arya 56 Sh Sukhdev 44 Smt Tulsi Devi 57 Sh Dalip Singh Base Centre, Cuttack 58 Sh Inder Singh 45 Sh Sarangdhar Barik Regional Station, Shillong Regional Station, Hyderabad 59 Sh AK Deka 46 Mohd. Mazhar Pasha 60 Sh A Rashid 47 Sh M Shankar Regional Station, Thrissur 48 Sh E Satyanarayan 61 Sh MK Prakassen 49 Sh MB Keshwa Raju 50 Sh M Srinivas 21.7 Staff reservations
Category No. of No. of SC No. of ST No. of OBC employees employees employees employees
Scientific 123 7 3 13 Technical 69 12 3 3 Administrative 47 10 2 0 Supporting 61 28 2 9
21.8 Staff transferred / superannuated / new Dr Susheel Kumar Raina joined ICAR-NBPGR New appointments / promotions / obituaries: Delhi as Scientist on March 30, 2017 on transfer from ICAR-CITH, Srinagar, and posted at RS, Srinagar. 21.8.1 Transfers Dr Era Vaidya Malhotraa, Scientist joined ICAR- Dr Narender Negi joined ICAR-NBPGR New Delhi NBPGR, New Delhi, on April 3, 2017, on transfer from as Scientist on March 21, 2017 from ICAR-CIPHET, RS, ICAR-NRCPB, New Delhi. Abohar and posted at RS, Shimla. Dr. Prasanna Veeranagouda HolajjerHolajjer, Scientist, Dr Vijay Singh Meena joined ICAR-NBPGR New joined ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi on April 3, 2017 and Delhi as Scientist on March 21, 2017 from ICAR-CIPHET posted at RS, Hyderabad; on transfer from ICAR-DFR, RS, Abohar, and posted at Issapur Farm. Pune.
Dr Krishna Madhav Rai joined ICAR-NBPGR New Dr Sangita Bansal, Senior Scientist, joined ICAR- Delhi as Scientist on March 23, 2017 from ICAR-CITH NBPGR, New Delhi on June 20, 2017, on transfer from RS, Mukteshwar, and posted at RS, Bhowali. ICAR-CIPHET, Ludhiana.
Dr Sushmitaa, Scientist, ICAR-NBPGR New Delhi as Dr. Bharat Bhusan, Scientist, joined ICAR-NBPGR, Scientist transferred on March 29, 2017 to ICAR-DGR, New Delhi on June 20, 2017, upon transfer from ICAR- Junagarh. CIPHET, Ludhiana.
GENERAL INFORMATION 157 Dr. A Kandanandan, Sr. Scientist, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi Dr Mamta Singhingh, Scientist, joined ICAR-NBPGR, was transferred to ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru on June 22, New Delhi on September 20, 2017, on transfer from 2017. ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi.
Dr. Mamta Arya, Scientist, joined ICAR-NBPGR, 21.8.2 Retirements New Delhi on June 23, 2017 and posted at RS, Bhowali; upon transfer from ICAR-IISR, Indore. Sh Brij Pal Singhingh, STO, ICAR-NBPGR, RS, Shimla superannuated on January 31, 2017. Dr. Anita Pedapatidapati, Scientist, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi was transferred to ICAR-IIOPR, Pedavegi on June Sh RP Yadavadav, ACTO, ICAR-NBPGR, New 30, 2017. Delhi superannuated on January 31, 2017.
Dr. Chet Ramam, Scientist, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi Sh Subhash Chander SharmaSharma, AAO, ICAR-NBPGR, was transferred to ICAR-CIAH, Bikaner on June 30, New Delhi superannuated on January 31, 2017. 2017. Sh Bindeshwar ThakurThakur, SSS, ICAR-NBPGR, Dr Gowthami RR, Scientist, joined ICAR-NBPGR, New Experimental Station, Issapur superannuated on March Delhi on July 3, 2017, on transfer from ICAR-NBPGR, 31, 2017. RS, Jodhpur. Sh Gordhan Singhingh, STA, ICAR-NBPGR, RS, Jodhpur Dr Reetueetu, Scientist, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi was superannuated on March 31, 2017. transferred to ICAR-IGFRI, Jhansi, on July 5, 2017. Sh Jagat Ramam, SSS, RS, Shimla, superannuated on Dr TV Prasadasad, Principal Scientist, ICAR-NBPGR, New April 30, 2017. Delhi was transferred to ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad, wef Sh Girdhar Gopal, SSS, RS, Shimla superannuated July 6, 2017. on August 31, 2017.
Dr Shashi Bhushan Choudharyy, Scientist, joined Smt G Dkhar, Private Secretary, RS, Shillong ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi and posted at BC, Ranchi superannuated on September 30, 2017. on July 7, 2017, on transfer from ICAR-CRIJAF, Barrackpore. Sh LT Dabekar, STA (Driver), RS, Akola superannuated from his duties on October 31, 2017. Dr Vinod Kumar SharmaSharma, Scientist, joined ICAR- NBPGR, New Delhi on July 22, 2017, on transfer from Sh Benny Mathewathew, UDC, RS, Thrissur superannuated ICAR-IARI, RS, Katrain. on November 30, 2017.
Dr RK Tyagi, Principal Scientist and Head, DGC, Dr KV Bhat, Principal Scientist, ICAR-NBPGR, New ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi was relieved wef August 11, Delhi superannuated on November 30, 2017. 2017 to join at APCoAB at APAARI, Bangkok on deputation. Smt Vijay Laxmi Gulati, AAO, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi superannuated on December 31, 2017. Sh Gopal Singhingh, Driver, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi was transferred to ICAR-NBPGR, RS, Bhowali wef 21.8.3 Appointments August 25, 2017. Sh Rahulahul, Scientist, joined ICAR-NBPGR, RS-Shimla Dr JC Rana, Principal Scientist and Head, DGE, ICAR- on February 20, 2017. NBPGR, New Delhi was relieved wef August 31, 2017 Dr Anuradha Agrawal, Principal Scientist, took to join at Bioversity International, New Delhi on charge as Officer-in-Charge, TCCU, ICAR-NBPGR, deputation. New Delhi, wef May 1, 2017.
Dr SK Malikalik, Principal Scientist, ICAR-NBPGR, New Dr Veena Gupta took charge as Head (Officiating), Delhi transferred to ICAR, HQ, New Delhi wef August Division of Germplasm Conservation wef October 28, 31, 2017 2017.
158 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 21.8.4 Promotions: Dr DP SemwalSemwal, HQ was promoted as Principal Scientist wef December 31, 2016. Smt Indira Devi A, RS Thrissur was promoted as STO wef June 12, 2010. Dr Jameel Akhtarar, HQ was promoted as Principal Scientist wef December 31, 2016. Sh Babu Ram, HQ was promoted as ACTO wef October 11, 2013. Dr Jyoti KumariKumari, HQ was promoted as Principal Scientist, wef December 31, 2016. Smt Sangita Tanwar, HQ was promoted as ACTO wef October 27, 2013. Dr Sangita BansalBansal, HQ was promoted as Principal Scientist wef April 01, 2017. Dr Babu Abraham, RS Hyderabad was promoted as CTO wef July 1, 2014. 21.9 Awards / honours / prizes during 2017.
Dr Sheikh M Sultan,Sultan RS Srinagar was promoted as 21.9.1 Young / best scientist / best researcher award Senior Scientist (GP-9,000) wef August 01, 2014. Dr R Parimalan received Michael D Gale travel grant Sh MV Reddy, RS Hyderabad was promoted as award for the abstract chosen as one of the three best Tech. Asst. wef November 29, 2014. abstracts under plant category to attend the XXV Plant and Animal Genome Conference 2017 at San Diego, Dr Madhubala PriyadarshiPriyadarshi, HQ was promoted as USA during January 14-18. Senior Scientist wef November 13, 2014. Dr Ruchi Bansal was selected for “100 Fellowship Dr BS Panwar, HQ was promoted as ACTO wef Award Programme” to attend InterDrought V at HICC, January 1, 2015. Hyderabad during February 21-25.
Sh YS Rathi, HQ was promoted as ACTO wef Dr Gowthami R received ‘Young Scientist Award’ in January 1, 2015. International conference on “advances in agricultural Dr S Rajkumarajkumar, HQ was promoted as Senior Scientist and biodiversity conservation for sustainable (GP-9,000) wef February 26, 2015. development (ABCD-2017)” at CCS University, Meerut, October 27-28. Dr Ruchi BansalBansal, HQ was promoted as Scientist (Senior Scale) wef April 27, 2015. Dr Monika Singh received Young Scientist Award at the 3rd International conference on bioresource and Dr Rajesh Kumarumar, HQ was promoted as Principal stress management during November 8-11, at SIAM, Scientist wef April 20, 2016. Jaipur.
Dr Monika SinghSingh, HQ was promoted as Scientist Dr Kuldeep Tripathi was conferred the Young (Senior Scale; GP-7,000) wef April 23, 2016. Scientist Award-2017 by society of biological science and rural development, Allahabad at National Sh OP Dhariwal, HQ was promoted as Tech. Officer symposium on nutritional security and environmental wef May 2, 2016. protection: Present scenario and future prospects held Dr Sherry R Jacobacob, HQ was promoted as Senior on November 10 at Allahabad. Scientist (GP-8,000) wef June 12, 2016. Dr Pardeep Kumar was conferred Young Scientist Sh OS Ahlawat, HQ was promoted as STO wef Award by Astha foundation during International July 1, 2016. conference on Global Research Initiatives for Sustainable Agriculture & Allied Sciences (GRISAAS- Sh AP Singh, HQ was promoted as ACTO wef 2017) at Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture August 21, 2016. and Technology, Udaipur, during December 02-04.
Dr Sandeep Kumarumar, HQ was promoted as Principal Dr Sherry Rachel Jacob received Young Scientist Scientist wef December 22, 2016. Award by Society for scientific development and technology in GRISAAS-2017 at MPUAT, Udaipur,
GENERAL INFORMATION 159 during December 02-04. wild relatives" at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad on January 17 in ICAR short course on “Prebreeding using wild Dr Sundeep Kumar received Distinguished Scientist species for sustainable yield in crops”. Award for outstanding contribution in the field of Plant Biotechnology in GRISAAS-2017 during December 02- Dr RC Misraa, delivered a lead lecture on “Genetic 04, held at MPUAT, Udaipur. resources of wild edible tubers of Odisha” at National seminar at Bhadrak college, Bhadrak on January 27. Dr S Vimala Devi received Excellence In Research Award in GRISAAS-2017 at MPUAT, Udaipur, during Dr SR Jacob et al., delivered a talk on “How relevant December 02-04. is mathematical modelling in predicting optimum seed storage conditions-An analysis” in National seed Mr MK Mittal and Ms PG Gore (2014), Mr RK seminar on “Food security through augmented seed Bairva (2015), Mr SH Prasath (2016), Mr S Naik supply under climate uncertainties”, held during (2017) received Dr KL Mehra Best Student Award from January 28-30 at IARI, New Delhi. ISPGR. Dr GJ Randhawa delivered a lecture on “Molecular Drs K Pradheep (2015) and R Parimalan (2017) tools for detection of GM seeds” in seed seminar on received the Dr RS Paroda Young Scientist Award from “Food security through augmented seed supply under ISPGR. climate uncertainities” organized by ISST on January Dr AK Misraa, was nominated as member of working 29 at IARI, New Delhi. group on “Agriculture & farm and micro-propagation Dr B Sarath Babu delivered lecture on “Role of & bio-inoculation sector” of bioresource development NBA in export of plant materials. germplasm exchange” centre, Govt. of Meghalaya. in a training Programme, “Plant Quarantine National Mr MV Reddy, Technical Assistant received Best Regulations and Procedures” at NIPHM, Hyderabad Worker Award. on March 9 and October 12.
Mr P SulemanSuleman, Senior Clerk was awarded with Dr SM Sultan delivered a lecture on “Biodiversity, Certificate of appreciation. germplasm conservation and utilization” during training on “Post harvest management of temperate fruits & Dr SK Bishnoi was nominated as a member of state their value addition” conducted by ICAR-CITH, level technical help group of the Jharkhand Biodiversity Srinagar during March 18-25. Board. Dr AK Misra delivered lecture on "Protection of Plant Dr VC Chalam was recognized as a member, Varieties and Farmers Rights" in training cum awareness Potyviridae Study Group 2017 of International programme on PPV & FR act, 2001 at KVK Jowai, KVK Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Bhoi, KVK Ri-Bhoi and ICAR-RC for NEH region on March 21, 25, 29 and 30, respectively. 21.9.2 Best paper / poster / oral presentation Dr AK Misra delivered lecture on "Regional diversity Dr R Parimalan delivered a talk on "Bose anatomy – and their perspectives in traditional farming and Non-Kranz anatomy dependant C photosynthesis" 4 indigenous Foods" at Exhibition –Cum-Workshop on th in 104 Indian Science Congress 2017 during January Traditional Farming and Indigenous Foods of North East, 03-07 at SV University, Tirupati. ICAR RC for NEH Region.
Dr Rakesh Singh delivered a lecture on “Genomic Dr Anitha Kodaru delivered lecture on “Quarantine resources in fruit crops and their utilization” in winter procedures for import and export of germplasm” at school on “Recent advances in the breeding NIPHM, Hyderabad on March 9, June 7 and October approaches and varietal development of perennial 12. horticultural crops” at IARI, New Delhi during January 12-February 1. Dr B Sarath Babu delivered a lecture on ‘PPVFRA with special reference to Farmers’ Rights’ at Dr Kamala Venkateswaran delivered a lecture on KVK, Midnapuram, on March 22. "Collection, characterisation and conservation of crop
160 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Dr Anitha Kodaru delivered a lecture on “Germplasm on “Advances in agricultural and biodiversity screening for seedborne pathogens” in training conservation for sustainable development” at CCSU, programme “Quarantine Pest Detection and Meerut during October 27-28. Identification” on April 19, at NBPGR, Hyderabad. Dr Era Vaidya Malhotraa, received the ‘best oral Dr Anitha Kodaru delivered a lecture on “ELISA in presentation award’ for paper entitled “Comparative Quarantine” on April 21, at NBPGR, Hyderabad for transcriptome analysis of Helicoverpa armigera larvae M.Sc. (Ag) students from PJTSAU. during differential host feeding” at the ‘3rd International conference on bioresource and stress management Dr M Singh delivered a lecture on "Detection of (2017)’ at State Institute of Agriculture Management LMOs: DNA-based techniques" in training workshop (SIAM), Jaipur during November 8-11. for strengthening capacities of enforcement agency (plant quarantine officials) for transboundary Dr M Singh delivered a talk on "DNA-based cost- movement of LMOs at Shillong during May 25-26. and time-efficient GMO screening: checking authorized GM cotton events and ensuring GM-free Dr GJ Randhawa delivered a lecture on "Detection conservation of germplasm" in International of LMOs: DNA-based techniques" in Training workshop Conference on bioresources and stress management for strengthening capacities of enforcement agency at SIAM, Jaipur during November 8-11. (plant quarantine officials) for transboundary movement of LMOs at Amritsar on June 6. Dr SR Jacob et al., delivered a talk on Role of biochemical seed defense mechanism in biotic stress Dr B Sarath Babu delivered a lecture on “Quarantine management in International conference on significant pests of crop germplasm” June 7, in training bioresource and stress management at SIAM, Jaipur programm “Plant Biosecurity and Incursion during November 8-11. Management”. Dr Rakesh Singh delivered a lecture on “Application Dr K Pradheep delivered a talk on “Forest genetic of NGS in genetic diversity study” in training on NGS resource management for IFS officers” at IFGTB, and its applications in crop sciences at NRCPB, New Coimbatore during June 12-16. Delhi during December 1-21.
Dr N Sivaraj delivered a lecture entitled “Potential Raj KiranKiran, et al., received best poster award for the Non-edible short gestation oil crops” at IIOR, poster entitled “Development of rapid diagnostic Hyderabad on June 16. protocol for detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Dr SK Bishnoi presented a talk entited “Plant genetic campestris causing black rot of crucifers using species- resources: concept and approaches” in the “Regional specific primers from rpf gene sequence” in National consultative youth meet and eco-next lab on youth Symposium on “Innovative strategies for the for scientific temper and eco-solutions” at ICAR-RCER management of plant disease under climate change RC Ranchi on June 18. scenario” organized by Indian Phytopathological Society (Delhi Zone) at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi on Dr AK Misra delivered an invited talk in the symposium December 19. “Smart farming for enhancing input use efficiency, income and environmental security” at Meghalaya Kamala V et al., received Dr RK Arora best paper during September 19-21. award 2014 for the paper entitled “Germplasm collection and diversity analysis in Yardlong bean Dr SK Singh et al., were honoured with best oral (Vigna unguiculata ssp esquipedalis) from coastal presentation by the Indian Association of Hill Farming Andhra Pradesh and Odisha” published in IJPGR. at ICAR RC for NEH Region, Umiam, during September 19-21. Pandravada SR et al., received Dr RK Arora best paper award 2015 for the paper entitled “Agri- Dr SR Jacob et al., delivered a talk on "Conservation biodiversity maintained on-farm by ethnic groups in efforts in wheat genetic resources at the National peninsular India: legacy of landrace sustainability in Genebank, ICAR- NBPGR" in International conference cereals and millets” published in IJPGR.
GENERAL INFORMATION 161 Sharma AD et al., received Dr RK Arora best paper Shiva Raj and Ashok Kumar were selected as Fellow award 2016 for the paper entitled “Non-destructive of the ISPGR (2015). method of seed vigour testing of traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties conserved in genebank under 21.10 Publications medium-term storage conditions” published in IJPGR. 21.10.1 Research papers
Choudhury DR et al., received Dr RK Arora best Akhtar J, B Singh, A Kandan, D Chand, R Chaudhury paper award 2017 for the paper entitled “SNP marker and SC Dubey (2017) Survival of Alternaria brassicicola based genetic diversity and population structure study in cryo-preserved Brassica spp. seeds for longer of rice germplasm of Arunachal Pradesh” published in duration. Indian Phytopath.70: 256-257. IJPGR. Akhtar J, B Singh, A Kandan, P Kumar and SC Dubey Pandravada SR et al., received Sipani anushandhan (2017) Status of Colletotrichum species infecting chilli award 2017 for best paper entitled “Balinta pesalu - germplasm processed for pathogen-free conservation A unique green gram landrace from in National Genebank, India. Bangl. J. Bot. 46: 231- Telangana: Validating its indigenous traditional 237. knowledge and nutritional traits” published in the Asian -Agri History. Akhtar J, B Singh, A Kandan, P Kumar, AK Maurya, D Chand, V Gupta and SC Dubey (2017) Status of seed- 21.9.3 Other recognitions borne fungi in some indigenous medicinal and aromatic plants conserved in National Gene Bank, India. Indian ICAR-NBPGR, RS, Thrissur received prize for the Phytopath. 70: 206-215. best stall in the exhibition during the National biodiversity congress and expo 2017 (Vividha) Akhtar J, B Singh, A Kandan, P Kumar, D Chand, AK organized by the Kerala State Biodiversity Board at Maurya and SC Dubey (2017) Interception of Thiruvanthapuram (February 22-26). pathogens during quarantine processing: an effort towards safe introduction of oilseed and vegetable ICAR-NBPGR, RS, Thrissur won the first prize under Brassicas germplasm in India. J Oilseed Brassica.8: ‘Agri sector pavilions’ in National exhibition on 120-130. agriculture, industry and culture organized during “Thrissur Pooram” festival at Vadakkunnathan temple Akshay M, PK Bhandari, DP Semwal and PL Uniyal (April 2-May 22). (2017) Population assessment, mapping and flowering response of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. - a keystone ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi was notified as one of species in central Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, the National referral laboratories to detect LMOs and India. Int. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci. 40: 205-220. GMOs under sub-section (1) of Section 4 of the Seeds Act, 1966 in Gazette of India extraordinary notification Aravind J, S Rinku, B Pooja, M Shikha, S Kaliyugam, dated 15 November 2017. MG Mallikarjuna, A Kumar, AR Rao and T Nepolean (2017) Identification, characterization, and functional 21.9.4 Fellows / fellowships validation of drought-responsive MicroRNAs in Dr SK Yadav received ISST Fellow award 2017 during subtropical maize inbreds. Front. Plant Sci. 8: 941. XIV National seed seminar at IARI, New Delhi Archak S, RK Tyagi, A Agrawal and P Mathur (2017) during January 28-30. Delhi Declaration provides a roadmap for Dr SR Pandravada was awarded GKV Society Fellow agrobiodiversity management. Indian J. Pl. Genet. at Agra. Resour. 30: 88-91.
Dr N Sivaraj was selected as Fellow of the ISPGR Archana PR, N Sivaraj and A Kumar (2016) Chemical (2015). diversity among Andrographis paniculata Nees (Kalmegh) and assessing climate suitable regions for Drs DB Parakh and KC Bhatt were selected as Fellow elite germplasm distribution in India. Medicinal Plants of the ISPGR (2017); Drs AP Raina and JK John 8: 267-275. were selected as Fellow of the ISPGR (2014); Drs N
162 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Baite MS, SC Dubey and BK Upadhyay (2017) Genetic collected from tribal districts of Northern Maharashtra. diversity of Ascochyta rabiei causing blight of chickpea Range Management and Agrofor. 38: 199-207. in India. Res. J. Biotech. 12: 29-37. Chander S, KV Bhat, MVC Gowda and N Dikshit (2017) Banoth S, A Nagaraja, M Srivastav, S Kumari, AK Identification, characterization and validation of core Goswami, R Singh and MB Arun (2017) collection of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.). Characterization of guava (Psidium guajava) Indian J. Agric. Sci. 87: 899-910. germplasm based on leaf and fruit parameters. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 87: 66–70. Changan S, DP Chaudhary, S Kumar, B Kumar, J Kaul, S Guleria, SL Jat, A Singode, M Tufchi, S Langyan and Bhardwaj A, RK Verma and JC Rana (2017) OP Yadav (2017) Biochemical characterization of elite Phytosociology of Terrestrial Orchid Species in Cedrus maize (Zea mays) germplasm for carotenoids deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don Forest of Western composition. Indian J. Agri. Sci. 87: 46–50. Himalaya—India. Env. Ecol. 35: 3373-3377. Choudhary SB, HK Sharma, A Kumar, I Chowdhury, RT Bhawna, MZ Abdin, L Arya and M Verma (2017) Use Maruthi and A Kak (2017) Genetic diversity spectrum of SCoT markers to assess the gene flow and and marker trait association for agronomic traits in population structure among two different populations global accessions of Linum usitatissimum L. Ind. Crops of bottle gourd. Pl. Gene 9: 80-86. Prod. 108: 604-616.
Bhutia ND, AK Sureja, L Arya, AD Munshi and M Verma Choudhury DR, N Singh, K Srinivasan, RK Tyagi, NK (2017) Transferability of sponge gourd EST-SSR markers Singh and R Singh (2017) SNP marker based genetic for genetic diversity assessment of Luffa species. Indian diversity and population structure study of rice J. Hort. 74: 615-617. germplasm of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian J. Pl. Genet. Resour. 30: 293-301. Bisht IS, PS Mehta, KS Negi, SK Verma, RK Tyagi and SC Garkoti (2018) Farmers’ rights, local food systems, Chourey SK, S Solanki, AB Gaikwad, CD Pandey and and sustainable household dietary diversification: A S Archak (2017) SSR marker analysis points to case of Uttarakhand Himalaya in north-western India. population admixture and continuum of genetic Agroecol. Sustain. Food Sys. 4242: 77-113. variation among Indian landraces of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Sci. Hort., 224: 68-73. Chahota RK, V Sharma, M Ghani, TR Sharma, JC Rana and SK Sharma (2017) Genetic and phytochemical Dhillon MK and S Kumar (2017) Amino acid profiling diversity analysis in Bunium persicum populations of of Sorghum bicolor vis-à-vis Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) north-western Himalaya. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants. 23: for biochemical interactions and plant resistance. 429-441. Arthropod Plant Interactions 11: 537-550.
Chalam VC, DB Parakh and AK Maurya (2017) Role of Dikshit N, D Chand, S Gomashe and S Shingane (2017) viral diagnostics in quarantine for plant genetic Cajanus platycarpus – an addition to the flora of Akola resources and preparedness. Indian J. Pl. Genet. Resour. district, Maharashtra. J. New Biol. Reports 6: 58-62. 30: 271-285. Dubey SC, A Tripathi, R Tak and IS Devi (2017) Chand D, J Akhtar, N Dikshit, SS Gomashe and M Malik Management of root rot and damping off complex in (2017) Glycine latifolia-a new host record of french bean by biocontrol agents. Indian Colletotrichum capsici. J. New Biol. Rep.6: 33-36. Phytopath.70: 388-390.
Chand D, SS Gomashe, N Dikshit and MR Wandhare Dubey SC, B Singh, O Gupta, DR Saxena, OP Sharma, (2017) Stability analysis for seed yield and its OD Kohire, VP Anadani, RK Singh, SK Singh and A components in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Tripathi (2017) Management of wilt and root rots of (Lam.) Verdc.). Multilogic in Science 7: 223-227. chickpea (Cicer arietinum) using Trichoderma harzianum in India. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 87: 1283-1287. Chand D, N Dikshit, SS Gomashe, M Elangovan and MY Samdur (2017) Assessment of morphological Ganie SA, DR Pani and TK Mondal (2017). Genome- diversity among the dual purpose sorghum landraces wide analysis of DUF221 domain-containing gene
GENERAL INFORMATION 163 family on Oryza species and identification of its salinity Contam. Toxicol. 99: 614-618. stress-responsive members in rice. PloS ONE 12: e0182469. Joseph JK, YC Roy, MV Krishnaraj, RA Nair, M Deepu, M Latha, KV Bhat and LK Bharathi (2017) A new Gautam NK, SS Marla, N Mirza, Z Khan, B Singh, DP subspecies of Momordica cochinchinensis Wankhede and BH Gawade (2017) Evaluation of field (Cucurbitaceae) from Andaman Islands, India. Genet. pea accessions for root-knot nematode resistance and Resour. Crop Evol. 65: 103-112. possible role of NADP dependent malic enzyme gene in host resistance. Indian J. Genet. Pl. Br. 77: 556- Jyoti K, A Kumar, TP Singh, KC Bhatt, AK Mishra, DP 563. Semwal and JC Rana (2017) Collection, evaluation and phenotypic diversity assessment of maize (Zea Gawade BH, A Sirohi, AK Ganguly, R Kansal, D mays) germplasm from North Eastern Himalayan Chaudhary and R Koulagi (2017) Effect of chickpea region. Ind. J. Agri. Sci. 87: 727-733. proteinase inhibitor on survival and parasitism of root- knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. J. Environ. Motha K, SK Singh, R Singh, C Ram, M Srivastav, MK Biol. 38: 347-352. Verma, M Alizadeh, C Bhardwa and R Dev (2017) Comparative in vitro propagation of stress tolerant Gupta K, P Brahmi and SC Dubey (2017) Biosecurity grape (Vitis spp.) rootstocks and assessment of clonal Policies Influencing International Exchange of PGR. Ind. fidelity of plantlets. Indian J. Horti., 74: 317-325. J. Pl. Genet. Resour. 3: 258-266. Kadamanda R and N Sivaraj (2017) Salinity effects on Gupta V and A Kak (2017) Seed surface morphology leaf on roselle landraces (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Int. in few Swertia species- A tool for species identification. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5: 158-165. Medicinal Plants 9: 291-295. Kaur V, R Yadav and DP Wankhede (2017) Linseed Henry RJ, Rangan P, Furtado A, Busch FA, and Farquhar genetic resources for climate change intervention and
GD (2017) Does C4 photosynthesis occur in wheat future breeding. J. Appl. Nat. Sci. 9: 1112-1118. seeds? Plant Physiol. 174: 1992-1995. Kaur V, S Madaan and RK Behl (2017) ADP-glucose Hipparagi Y, R Singh, DR Choudhury and V Gupta pyrophosphorylase activity in relation to yield potential (2017) Genetic diversity and population structure of wheat: Response to independent and combined analysis of Kala bhat (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) high temperature and drought stress. Cereal Res. genotypes using SSR markers. Hereditas 154: 9. Commun. 45: 181-191.
Inder D, A Ram, SP Ahlawat, DR Palsaniya, R Newaj, Jana KN, PS Panesara, JC Rana and S Singh (2017) RK Tewari, R Singh, KB Sridhar, RP Dwivedi, M Structural, thermal and rheological properties of Srivastava, OP Chaturvedi, RV Kumar and RS Yadav starches isolated from Indian quinoa varieties, (2017) Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) + sesame International J. Biol. Macromolecules 102: 315–322. (Sesamum indicum) based agroforestry model: A sustainable livelihood option for farmers of semi-arid Khan Z, NK Gautam, BH Gawade and SC Dubey region. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 87: 1528-34. (2017). Screening of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm for resistance to root-knot nematode, Jauhari N, MNVP Gajula, N Sharma and N Bharadvaja Meloidogyne incognita. Indian J. Genet. Pl. Br. 77: (2017) Anticancer property of green material through 408-413. computational approach. Advanced Materials Proc. 2: 378-383. Kumar A, SC Goyal, C Lata, N Sharma, P Dhansu and J Parshad (2017) Rapid, efficient direct and indirect Jauhari N, N Bharadvaja and N Sharma (2017) Swertia regeneration protocol of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. chirata: A comprehensive review with recent Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 40: 237-240. advances. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 18: 730-739. Kumar A, SC Goyal, N Sharma, Pooja, A Singh, C Jauhari N, S Menon, N Sharma and N Bharadvaja Lata, J Parshad, R Kumar and Ekta (2017) Changes in (2017) Uptake of heavy metals from industrial biochemical constituents, enzyme activities and wastewater using in vitro plant cultures. Bull. Environ. protein profiles during root-shoot differentiation in callus
164 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 culture of Dioscorea alata. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 87: GK Jha, NK Gautam and M Dutta (2017) Assessment 107-114. of phenotypic diversity in pearl millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) germplasm of Indian origin and Kumar A, AK Nayak, DR Pani and BS Das (2017) identification of trait-specific germplasm. Crop and Physiological and morphological responses of four Pasture Sci. 67: 1223-34. different rice cultivars to soil water potential based deficit irrigation management strategies. Field Crops Kumari S, N Arumugam, R Singh, M Srivastav, AC Res. 205: 78-94. Mithra and S Banoth (2017) Validation of CAAT Box- Derived Polymorphism (CBDP) Primers for Psidium Kumar P, R Kiran, A Kandan, J Akhtar, B Singh, K Nair species and its Genotypes. Environment & Ecology 35: and SC Dubey (2017) Detection of Xanthomonas 2128-2131. campestris pv. campestris in imported germplasm of cabbage during post entry quarantine. Indian Lal M, S Yadav, S Sharma, BP Singh and SK Kaushik Phytopath.70: 413-417. (2017) Integrated management of potato late blight. J. Appl. Nat. Sci. 9: 1821-1824. Kumar S, Archak S, Tyagi RK, et al. (2017) Evaluation of 19,460 wheat accessions conserved in the Indian Mahanthesha M, M Sujatha, MA Kumar and SR National Genebank to identify new sources of Pandravada (2017) Studies on variability, heritability resistance to rust and spot blotch diseases. PLoS ONE and genetic advance for quantitative characters in 12: e0175610. finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn] germplasm. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 6: 970-974. Kumar S, Dhillon MK, Singh M, Rathi RS, Misra AK and Rana JC (2017) Fatty and amino acid compositions Mahatman KK, R Deshmukh, A Tiwari, MC Yadav, J of Vernicia fordii: A source of alpha-eleostearic acid Kumari and SB Verulkar (2017) Identification of QTL and methionine. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 55: 734-739. Associated with grain length, grain width and L/B Ratio in double haploid and recombinant inbred line Kumar S, YP Singh, SP Singh and Singh R (2017). population in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biosci. Biotech Res. Physical and biochemical aspects of host plant 14: 857-867. resistance to mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) in rapeseed-mustard. Arthropod Plant Mahla R, S Madan, V Kaur, R Munjal, RK Behl and R Interact. 11: 551-559. Midathala (2017) Activities of sucrose to starch metabolizing enzymes during grain filling in late sown Kumar P, SK Bishnoi and P Kaushik (2017) Genetic wheat under water stress. J. Appl. Nat. Sci. 9: 338– variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed 343. yield and other agro-morphological traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes of different origin. Trends in Mandal AK and SC Dubey (2017) Identification of Biosciences 10: 1246-1248. molecular marker for detection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing stem rot of chickpea and other Kumar P, RR Das, SK Bishnoi and V Sharma (2017) Inter- host. Environ. Ecol. 35: 3722-3727. correlation and path analysis in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Electronic J. Pl. Breed. 8: 395-397. Meenu K, DP Wankhede, M Verma and P Verma (2017) Genome wide identification of calcium dependent Kumar V, RB Ram, SK Rajvanshi and O Singh (2017) protein kinase and related kinase gene families in Genetic divergence in genotypes of clusterbean Solanum melongena L. Indian J. Hort. 74: 526-532. [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] under Lucknow province. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5: 72-76. Misra RC, DR Pani, LK Bharathi and SP Ahlawat (2017) Abelmoschus angulosus var. mahendragiriensis Kumari A, S Duhan, S Sheokand and V Kaur (2017) (Malvaceae): a new taxonomic variety of wild okra Effects of short and long term salinity stress on from Eastern Ghats of India. Genet. Resourc. Crop. physiological and oxidative metabolism in chickpea Evol. 65: 993-1002. (Cicer arietinum) and possible alleviation by nitric oxide. Indian J. Ecology 44: 250-258. Anuradha N, CT Satyavathi, MC Meena, SM Sankar, C Bharadwaj, J Bhat, OV Singh and SP Singh (2017) Kumari J, MK Bag, S Pandey, SK Jha, SS Chauhan,
GENERAL INFORMATION 165 Evaluation of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. A Kumar (2017) Physiological and biochemical BR.] for grain iron and zinc content in different agro- alterations due to low temperature stress in papaya climatic zones of India. Ind. J. Genet. 77: 65-73. genotypes. Indian J. Hort. 74: 491-497.
Nagar A, AK Sureja, A Kar, R Bhardwaj, SG Krishnan Pradheep K, RS Rathi, KJ John, SM Sultan, B Abraham, and AD Munshi (2017) Variability, correlation and path A Pandey, ER Nayar, SP Ahlawat and R Gupta (2017) analysis studies in pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata New distribution records of some wild crop relatives Duchesne ex Poir.) Chem. Sci. Rev. Lett. 6: 574-580. from India. J. Threa. Taxa 9: 10223-10228.
Nagar A, AK Sureja, S Kumar, AD Munshi, SG Krishnan Rai AK, R Bhardwaj and AK Sureja (2017) Effect of and R Bhardwaj (2017) Genetic variability and PCA mixing pine needles litters on soil biological properties for yield and its attributing traits in pumpkin (Cucurbita and phosphorus availability in soil amended with moschata Duchesne Ex Poir.). Vegetos 30: 81-86. fertilizers and manures. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 48: 1052-1058. Nirmal RC, A Furtado, P Rangan and RJ Henry (2017) Fascicilin-like arabinogalactan protein gene expression Raina AP and RC Misra (2017) Chemo-divergence in is associated with yield of flour in milling of wheat. essential oil composition among germplasm collection Sci. Rep. 7: 12539. of five Ocimum species from eastern coastal plains of India. J. Essen. Oil Res. 30: 47-55. Nizar MA, N Dikshit, N Sivaraj and D Chand (2017) Diversity analysis in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Raina AP and A Kumar (2017) Chemical germplasm in India using DIVA-GIS approach. Int. J. characterization of basil germplasm for essential oil Agricult. Stat. Sci. 13: 473-482. composition and chemotypes. J. Essen. Oil Bearing Plants, 20: 1579-1586 Pandey A, K Pradheep, R Gupta and SP Ahlawat (2017) National Herbarium of Cultivated Plants: A Repository Raina AP and Z Abraham (2017). Essential oil profiling of Crop Genepools. Indian J. Plant Genet. Resour. 30: of Alpinia species from southern India. Indian J. Exp. 246-252. Biol. 55: 776-781.
Pandravada SR, P Senguttuvel, NG Hanamaratti, P Rajni R, V Tiwari, R Singh and IS Bisht (2017) Assessment Surendra, M Ibrahim, N Sivaraj, V Kamala and B of the essential oil composition in Ocimum species of SarathBabu (2017) Gene-pool sampling and Uttarakhand. J. Essen. Oil Bearing Plants 2020: 1331- conservation of endemic specialty rice (Oryza sativa L.) 1341. landraces and current status of their genetic erosion from diversity rich ecosystems of central and western Rangan P, A Furtado and RJ Henry (2017) The Karnataka. Int. J. Agric. Sci. 9: 4880-4885. transcriptome of the developing grain: a resource for understanding seed development and the molecular Pandravada SR, R Bhardwaj, N Sivaraj, V Kamala, N control of the functional and nutritional properties of Sunil, R Jairam, SK Chakrabarty and IS Bisht (2017) wheat. BMC Genomics 18: 766. Balintapesalu – A unique green gram landrace from Telangana: Validating its indigenous traditional Ravali B, KR Reddy, P Saidaiah and N Sivaraj (2017) knowledge and nutritional traits. Asian Agri-History 21: Variability, heritability and genetic advance in brinjal 35-44. (Solanum melongena L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 6: 42-47. Paroda RS and A Agrawal (2017) Changing paradigms in managing agrobiodiversity through use: An Ravali B, P Saidaiah, KR Reddy, N Sivaraj and A Geetha appraisal. Indian J. Plant Genet. Resour. 30: 5-12. (2017) Study on character association and path analysis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). J. Pharma Pooja K and RK Sharma (2017) Histopathological and and Phytochem. 6: 393-397. molecular characterization of Ustilaginoidea virens in rice. Indian Phytopath. 70: 326-330. Ravali B, KR Reddy, P Saidaiah and N Sivaraj (2017) Genetic diversity in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Pradhan S, AK Goswami, SK Singh, J Prakash, S Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 6: 48-54. Goswami, V Chinnusamy, A Talukdar, V Srivastava and
166 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Reddy MT, SR Pandravada, N Sivaraj, V Kamala, N mustard (Brassica juncea L.) field populations of Sunil and N Dikshit (2017) Classification and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. J. Mycol. Pl. characterization of landscapes in the territory of Pathol. 47: 202-212. Adilabad district, Telangana, Deccan region, India. Open Access Library J. 4: 3745. Shekhawat RS, KN Singh, SS Burark, GL Meena and N Shekhawat (2017) Agribusiness and food processing Reddy PS and S Gomashe (2017) Can cold tolerance industries in Uttar Pradesh state of India. Asian J. bring in hybrids on commercial front in winter sorghum? Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 15: 1-7. Current Sci. 113: 307-313. Singh AK, A Furtado, M Brozynska, NS Mishra and R Saha D, RS Rana, L Arya and TK Mondal (2017) Henry (2017) Phylogeny and evolution of miR820 and Genomic organization and structural diversity of miR396 microRNA gene families in Oryza AA germin-like protein coding genes in foxtail millet genomes. Tropical Pl. Biol. DOI10.10072Fs12042-017- (Setaria italica L.). Agri Gene 3: 87–98. 9197-4.
Saini RP, EV Malhotra, R Sreevathsa, PA Kumar, D Singh KA, AK Singh, R Kumar, V Prakash, PK Sundaram Pattanayak and TR Sharma (2017) Two and SK Yadav (2017) Indian Cereals Saga: Stand point acetylcholinesterase isoforms genes, HaAce1 and and way forward. J. Agri. Search 4:4:1-9. HaAce2, express differentially in various developmental stages of Helicoverpa armigera. Indian Singh M, JC Rana, B Singh, S Kumar, DR Saxena, A Res. J. Genet. Biotech. 9: 317 – 323. Saxena, AH Rizvi and A Sarker (2017) Comparative agronomic performance and reaction to Fusarium wilt Samriti RK, Shilpa, EV Malhotra, Poonam, D Thakur of Lens culinaris x L. orientalis & L. culinaris x L. ervoides and K Kumar (2017) Assessment of genetic diversity derivatives. Fron. Pl. Sci. 8: 1162. in Rubus ellipticus (Smith) using molecular markers. Proc. Indian Nat. Sci. Academy 83: 669-679. Singh M, RK Bhoge and G Randhawa (2017) Real- time and visual loop-mediated isothermal Semwal DP, KC Bhatt, SP Ahlawat, Anjula Pandey and amplification: efficient GMO screening targeting pat SK Sharma (2017) Collection status, diversity and pmi genes. Food Con. 71: 248-254. distribution and medicinal uses of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in India. Medicinal Plants 9: 129-133. Singh SK, PC Kole, AK Misra, S Roy, L Arya, M Verma, R Bhardwaj, P Suneja, MR Verma, KV Bhat and R Singh Semwal DP, SP Ahlawat and K Pradheep (2017) (2017) Characterization of Perilla frutescens (Linn.) Britt Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) and its wild spp. based on morphological, biochemical and STMS germplasm collection status, diversity distribution and markers. Ind. Crops Prod. 109C: 773-785. trait-specific germplasm mapping using GIS tools in India. Legume Research- An Int. J. 3778: 1-7. Singh SK, PC Kole, AK Misra and S Roy (2017) Collection and conservation of landraces of Perilla Shandil KR, KS Chakrabarti, BP Singh, S Sharma, S frutescens (Linn.) Britt from northeastern hill region of Sundaresha, SK Kaushik, AK Bhatt and NN Sharma India. Indian J. Hill Farming, 30: 23-27. (2017) Genotypic background of the recipient plant is crucial for conferring RB gene mediated late blight Singh SN, RK Singh, I Singh and R Kumar (2017) resistance in potato. BMC Genet. 18: 22. Enhancing cane and sugar productivity and profitability through relay inter-cropping of autumn sugarcane with Sharma N, R Singh, R Pandey and N Kaushik (2017) skipped-row-planted rice in subtropical climatic Genetic and biochemical stability assessment of plants conditions of India. Sugar Tech. 19: 11-16. regenerated from cryopreserved shoot tips of a commercially valuable medicinal herb Bacopa Singh VP, JP Srivastava and R Bansal (2017) monnieri (L.) Wettst. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant. 53: Biochemical responses as stress indicator to 346–351. waterlogging in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 54: 300-305. Sharma P, PD Meena, PK Rai and S Kumar (2017) Mycelial compatibility groups and variability in Indian Singh K, D Ram, M Choudhary, BR Meena, SK Khirbat
GENERAL INFORMATION 167 and LS Rajput (2017) Factors affecting disease oil constituents derived from leaves of French marigold development on fruit rot of chilli caused by (Tagetes patula). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 87: 385-389. Colletotrichum capsici. Ann. Pl. Prot. Sci. 25: 372-374. Tamut O, KP Singh, AP Raina, Namita, S Panwar, P Singh MC, BS Phogat and HL Raiger (2017) Effect of Kumar and PK Verma (2017) Composition and yield different weed control practices on grain amaranth. variation of essential oils from French marigold International J. Sci. Environ. Tech. 6: 849-853. (Tagetes patula L.) genotypes using GC-MS. Indian J. Hort. 74: 97-102. Singhariya SC, KV Bhat, R Kumari, S Sen, AB Gaikwad, MVC Gowda and N Dikshit (2017) Analysis of spatial Thejazhanuo LM, S Changkija, A Pattanayak, HP distribution of genetic diversity and validation of Indian Chaturvedi, SV Devi and PR Kole (2017) Genetic foxtail millet core collection. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants characterization of locally cultivated taro germplasm 23: 663-673. from eleven district of Nagaland. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 6: 3338-3348. Sivaraj N, SR Pandravada., K Venkateswaran and N Dikshit (2017) Ethnic medicinal plant wealth of Eastern Trivedi AK, Arya L, Verma SK, Tyagi RK and Ghats: Status review, Knowledge systems and Hemantaranjan A (2017) Evaluation of barnyard millet conservation strategies. Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant diversity in central Himalayan region for environmental Biol. 4: 83-101. stress tolerance. J. Agric. Sci. 155: 1497-1507.
Sowmya T, KK Durga,V Kamala, K Keshavulu and Vijay KG, M Vanaja, B Abraham, Premkumar, NJ Vidyasagar (2017) Genotypic and phenotypic Lakshmi and B Sarkar (2017) Heterosis and combining variances among differentquantitative characters in ability studies in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) green gram genotypes. Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci. under alfisols of SAT region. Elec. J. Pl. Breed. 8: 541- 6: 274-281. 547.
Sujith Kumar MS, I Mawlong, J Nanjundan, J Aravind Vimala DS, V Singh and A Dutta (2017) Genetic and D Singh (2017) Seed color as an index for assessing variability in Acacia nilotica provenance selection of rapeseed meal quality. Bioscan 12: 995–999. Central India. Elec J. Pl. breed. 8: 1077-1084.
Sultan SM, N Dikshit and UJ Vaidya (2017) Soybean Wankhede DP, M Kumari, T Richa, J Aravind and S (Glycine max L.) A versatile neglected crop in Jammu Rajkumar (2017) Genome wide identification and and Kashmir, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 96: 28-35. characterization of calcium dependent protein kinase gene family in Cajanus cajan. J. Env. Biol. 38: 167–177. Sultan, SM (2017) Study of genetic variability in some agro-morphological traits of Brassica rapa L. (Brown Wylie SJ, M Adams, VC Chalam, J Kreuze, JJ López- sarson) germplasm characterized under rainfed Moya, K Ohshima, S Praveen, F Rabenstein, D conditions of Kashmir, India. J. Appl. Natur. Sci. 9: Stenger, A Wang, FM Zerbini and ICTV Consortium 2344-2349. (2017) ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Potyviridae. J. General Virol. 98: 352–354. Suma A, CR Elsy, J Joseph, RM Francis, PT Kumar and JK John (2017) Genetic distinctness revealed by SSR Yadav OP, HD Upadhyaya, KN Reddy, AK Jukanti, S characterisation in Cucumis sativus L. and its wild Pandey and RK Tyagi (2017) Genetic Resources of pearl relatives. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 5: 750-753. millet: Status and Utilization. Ind J. Plant Genet. Resour. 30: 31-47. Suraj U, PD Patil, SK Malik, M Latha, SR Rao, SR Yadav, N Gaikwad and KV Bhat (2017) Seed coat sculpture Yadav R, R Singh, S Kumar, TV Prasad, R Bharadwaj, of subgenus Ceratotropis (Piper) verdc., genus Vigna V Kaur, A Petapadi and Kumar A (2017) Genetic Savi in India and its taxonomic implications. Acta Bot. diversity among indigenous germplasm of Brassica Gallica 164: 63-78. juncea (L.) Czern and Coss, using agro-morphological and phenological traits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India, Tamut O, KP Singh, AP Raina, Namita, S Panwar, P Sect. B Biol. Sci. 87: 1125-1131. Kumar and PK Verma (2017) Gas chromatography- Mass spectrometry analysis for profiling of essential Yadav S, R Singh, DP Wankhede, C Ram, AK Singh
168 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 and S Kumar (2017) Development of a novel InDel post-harvest management techniques for seed quality based molecular marker with a potential to assurance. In: Seed Qual. Assu., NSRTC, Varanasi pp differentiate most of the traditional Basmati rice 39-44. varieties from non Basmati rice varieties. Ind. J. Genet. Pl Breed. 77: 564-568. Akhtar J (2017) Seed treatment: an option for pre and post-harvest management techniques for seed quality 21.10.2 Books authored assurance. In: Seed Qual. Assu., NSRTC, Varanasi pp 45-49. Kumar A, BM Bhasyal and J Akhtar (eds.) (2017) Abstract Book, Annual Zonal Meeting (IPS, MEZ) and Bansal R, J Kumari, R Yadav and S Kumar (2017) Image National Symposium on “Innovative strategies for the based plant phenotyping. In: Hemantaranjan A. (Ed.) management of plant disease under climate change Advances in plant physiology. Scientific Publishers, scenario” December 19, 2017, New Delhi, India, 40p. Jodhpur, pp 227-240.
Malik SK and V Srivastava (2017) Management of Brahmi P and V Tyagi (2017) International and national Plant Genetic Resources of Fruit Crops, NBPGR, New regulations related to management of genetic Delhi, 72p. resources. In: IP protection and transfer in Indian perspective, Jayakumar S, K Singh, PK Singh and A Paroda RS, RK Tyagi, PN Mathur, A Agrawal, S Archak, Sharma (eds.), ICAR-NBAGR publication, pp 69-76. RC Agrawal and S Dsouza (eds) (2017) Proceedings of the ‘Ist International Agrobiodiversity Congress: Brahmi P and V Tyagi (2017) Access and benefit sharing Science, Technology and Partnership’, New Delhi, mechanism under the multilateral system of the India, November 6-9, 2016. ISPGR, New Delhi and ITPGRFA. In: Biodiversity for sustainable development, Bioversity International, Rome, 152p. environmental challenges and solutions Laladhas KP, PV Nilaangod, O Oommen (eds) Springer International Paroda RS, S Archak, N Wilson, RK Tyagi, P Brahmi, Publication, Switzerland, pp 17-29. RC Agrawal and A Agrawal (eds) (2017) Proceedings of the ‘Awareness cum Brainstorming Meeting on Chalam VC (2017) Role of quarantine in biosecuring Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS): Striking the Right NE-India from transboundary plant viruses. In: M Balance’, New Delhi, India, October 22, 2016, ISPGR, AleminlaAo, CS Maiti, P Baiswar, DM Firake, P Shah, New Delhi, India, 32p. Waluniba and R Singh (eds.) Crop protection: current trend & future perspective, Nagaland Uni. pp 63-82. MK Rana and KV Bhat (2017) DNA fingerprinting in Plants: standard operating methods and protocols, Chalam VC, DB Parakh, AK Maurya and RK Khetarpal ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India, 73p. (2017) Biosecurity from plant viruses in India. In: Mandal B, GP Rao, VK Baranwal and RK Jain (eds.) A Century Tyagi RK, S Dsouza, A Agrawal and R Pandey (eds) of Plant Virology in India, Springer Nature Singapore (2017) A Visionary Extraordinaire - Dr R.S. Paroda Pte Ltd pp 757-782. Commemorative Book on 75th Birthday. Indian Society of Plant Genetic Resources (ISPGR), New Delhi, 424 Chalam VC, P Kumari, C Priyadarshini and AK Maurya +vii p. (2017) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In: S Praveen, A Sachdev and T Vinutha (eds.) Tools and 21.10.3 Chapters in books, review articles, techniques for analysis of biomolecules, IARI, New proceedings, bulletin, manuals, etc., Delhi pp 10-12.
Abdul NM (2017) Conservation of PGR-principles and Chaudhury R and SK Malik (2017) In vitro conservation: practices. In: National Workshop on Seed Collection Rubber, tea, coffee, oilpalm and arecanut. In: P and Conservation, University of Kerala, pp 1-10. Chowdappa, A Karun, MK Rajesh and SV Ramesh (eds) Biotechnology of Plantation Crops. CPCRI, Daya Abdul NM (2017) Plant exploration and germplasm publishing house, pp 507-524. collection. In: National Workshop on Seed Collection and Conservation, University of Kerala, pp 11-14. Chaudhury R, Malik SK and V Srivastava (2017) Long term conservation of fruit germplasm using Akhtar J (2017) Seed health testing: a tool for pre and
GENERAL INFORMATION 169 cryobanking. In: SK Malik and V Srivastava (eds) Misra AK (2017) PGR Conservation in NEH India: Role Management of Plant Genetic Resources of Fruit of NBPGR in doubling the farmers’ income. In: Souvenir Crops, NBPGR, New Delhi, pp 55-58. 77th Annual Conference of the Indian Soicety of Agricultural Economics, College of PG studies, CAU, Das A, A Varma, R Pandey and R Chaudhary (2017) Ex Imphal, pp 25-29. situ conservation strategies in litchi germplasm. In: M Kumar, V Kumar, R Prasad and A Varma (eds) The Misra AK (2017) PGR conservation in North Eastern Lychee Biotechnology, Springer Nature Singapore Pvt hill region India. In: Souvenir & abstract of national Ltd, pp 381-393. symposium on emerging and re-emerging plant disease in NE-India: challenges and strategies, ICAR- Dubey SC (2017) Integrated disease management in RC for NEHR, Manipur Centre, pp 29-34. vegetable seed production. In: Tomar et al. (eds.) Quality seed production of vegetable crops, IARI, Misra AK, Harish GD and S Hajong (2017) Status of New Delhi, pp 80-85. crop biodiversity conservation in Northeast India: role of NBPGR. In: The National seminar on Smart Farming Dubey SC and A Tripathi (2017) Development of bio- for Enhancing Input Use efficiency, Income and formulations of Trichoderma species and their Environmental Security (SFEIES) at ICAR-RC for NEH evaluation alone and in combinations with bacterial Region, Umiam, pp 244-248. bio-agent and fungicide against fungal diseases of pulse crops. In: Fifth national conference on biological Pandravada SR, N Sivaraj, N Sunil, R Jairam, et al., control: integrating recent advances in pest and (2017) Securing livelihoods in fragile ecosystem of disease management at ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, pp Adilabad, deccan plateau through conservation and 26-27. integration of crop, animal and fish genetic resources. In: Muralidharan K, MVR Prasad and EA Siddiq (Eds.), Dubey SC, K Gupta, VC Chalam, J Akhtar and B Integrated farming systems for sustainable agriculture Gawade (2017) Plant quarantine for horticultural and enhancement of rural livelihoods, germplasm: importance and guidelines. In: SK Malik and RICAREA, Hyderabad, pp 230-240. V Srivastava (eds.) Management of plant genetic resources of fruit crops, NBPGR, New Delhi, pp 59- Randhawa GJ, M Singh and K Singh (2017) 69. Proceedings of Consultative Workshop on Harmonization of LMO/GM Detection Activities in the Gomashe SS (2017) Barnyard millet: present status Country, NBPGR, New Delhi, 20p. and future thrust areas, In: JV Patil (ed) Millets and Sorghum: Biology and Genetic Improvement, John Shubha K, A Mukherjee, M Kumari, K Tiwari and VS Wiley & Sons, Ltd, UK, pp 184-198. Meena (2017) Bio-stimulants: An Approach towards the Sustainable Vegetable Production. In: Meena V, P Gomashe SS (2017) Proso millet, Panicum miliaceum Mishra, J Bisht, A Pattanayak (eds) Agriculturally (L.): genetic improvement and research needs, In: JV Important Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture, Patil (ed) Millets and Sorghum: Biology and Genetic Springer, pp 259-277. Improvement, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, UK, pp 150-169. Yadav R, N Yadav, U Goutam, S Kumar and A Kanta R, SS Arya, S Devi and V Kaur (2017). Plant Chaudhury (2017) Genetic engineering of poplar: volatiles and defense. In: Choudhary DK, AK Sharma, Current achievements and future goals. In: Gahlawat P Agarwal, A Varma and N Tuteja (eds.) Volatiles and S, Salar R, Siwach P, Duhan J, Kumar S, Kaur P (eds), food security: role of volatiles in agro-ecosystems, Plant Biotechnology: Recent advancements and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., pp 113-134. developments, Springer, Singapore, pp 361-390.
Malik SK, R Chaudhury, V Srivastava and S Singh 21.10.4 Research bulletins / information bulletin / (2017) Genetic resources of Syzygium cumini in India: brochure present status and management. In: KN Nair (ed) The Genus Syzygium-Syzygium cumini and Other Babu BS, N Sivaraj, SR Pandravada, V Kamala and K Underutilized Species, CRC Press, pp 195-213. Anitha (2017) Rayalaseema crop diversity, ICAR-
170 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis causing wilt in lentil; (Plant Quarantine and Customs Officials for) for Dubey SC, VD Sharma, VK Prajapati, A Kandan and J Transboundary Movement of LMOs” at GST Seva Akhtar). Kendra, Mangaluru, August 21-22.
21.10.7 Reports Chalam VC, S Bhalla and K Singh (2017) CD on training workshop on “Strengthening Capacities of Enforcement Anonymous (2017) Guidelines for import and Agencies (Plant Quarantine and Customs Officials for quarantine of transgenic planting material. NBPGR, Transboundary Movement of LMOs” at Integrated New Delhi, 40+ivp. Check Post (ICP), Attari, June 6-7. Bhatt KC, A Pandey, SP Ahlawat, K Pradheep, DP Chalam VC, S Bhalla, CM Krishna, M Biswas and K Semwal, SK Sharma, NS Panwar, R Gupta and OP Singh (2017) CD on training workshop on Dhariwal (2017) Plant Germplasm Reporter-2016 “Strengthening Capacities of Enforcement Agencies (Indigenous Collections). ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. (Plant Quarantine and Customs Officials) for Semwal DP, KC Bhatt, SP Ahlawat, A Pandey and SK Transboundary Movement of LMOs” at ICP, Raxaul, Sharma (2017) Rice: germplasm status, diversity November 22-23. mapping and gap analysis. NBPGR, New Delhi. 21.10.10 E-publications Yadav SK, SK Kaushik, MC Singh, SP Singh, M Bhalla S, VC Chalam, K Gupta, B Singh, Z Khan and Khabiruddin, HL Raiger, BS Phogat and K Singh (2017) SC Dubey (Eds) (2017) Generic pest risk analysis: Rabi Report (2016-17). AICRN-PC, NBPGR, New Delhi, import of transgenic corn. NBPGR, New Delhi, 53p. 249p. (http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in/ 21.10.8 Participation in radio / tv programs Downloadfile.aspx?EntryId=7322) SC Dubey participated twice in Hello Kisan a live TV Chalam VC, S Bhalla, K Gupta, B Singh, Z Khan and programme on DD Kisan Channel on Disease and SC Dubey (Eds) (2017) Generic pest risk analysis: insect pest management in Rabi crops on Jan. 24 and import of transgenic soybean. NBPGR, New Delhi, Feb. 24. 146p. (http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in/ Downloadfile.aspx?EntryId=7319) MC Singh, participated five times in Hello Kisan-a live TV programme on DD-Kisan channel. Chand D, N Dikshit, S Shingane, S Gomashe and J Akhtar (2017) Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.): A KM Rai delivered a talk on “Parvatiya Kshetro main wonderful dryland fruit crop (http:// Nut avam Stone Phalao ki Vaigyanik Kheti” at Prasar www.biotecharticles.com) bharti on April 27. Chand D, S Shingane, S Gomashe, N Dikshit and J 21.10.9 Training module/ working knowledge Akhtar (2017) Winged bean (Psophocarpus document/CD tetragonolobus): A highly nutritious vegetable bean (http://www.biotecharticles.com) Bhalla S, VC Chalam and K Singh (2017) CD on training workshop on “Strengthening Capacities of Enforcement Chand D, N Dikshit, S Shingane and S Gomashe (2017) Agencies (Plant Quarantine and Customs Officials) for Kigelia pinnata DC. (Sausage Tree) – A Medicinal Plant Transboundary Movement of LMOs” NBPGR, May 4- with great future perspectives (http:// 5. www.biotecharticles.com) Bhalla S, VC Chalam and K Singh (2017) CD on training Chand D, S Shingane, S Gomashe and N Dikshit (2017) workshop on “Strengthening Capacities of Enforcement Simarouba glauca DC: a potential edible oilseed tree Agencies (Plant Quarantine and Customs Officials) for species (http://www.biotecharticles.com) Transboundary Movement of LMOs, at Shillong, May 25-26. Gupta K, B Singh, VC Chalam, S Bhalla, Z Khan and SC Dubey (Eds) (2017) Generic pest risk analysis: Bhalla S, VC Chalam, CM Krishna, M Biswas and K import of transgenic cotton. NBPGR, New Delhi, 70p. Singh (2017) CD on training workshop on (http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in/ “Strengthening Capacities of Enforcement Agencies
172 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Downloadfile.aspx?EntryId=7262) www.biotecharticles.com). Kiran R, A Kandan, P Kumar and J Akhtar (2017) Shekhawat RS, H Singh and N Shekhawat (2017) BioPCR- An important tool for detection of Diversity of Crops in India.Biotech articles. Online Phytopathogenic bacteria. (https:// published (https://www.biotecharticles.com) www.biotecharticles.com) Shingane S, N Dikshit, D Chand and S Gomashe Kumari P, R Kiran and A Kumar (2017) Role of (2017) Niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.]: An siderophore in virulence of plant pathogen. (https:// underutilized and high value oilseed crop. (http:// www.biotecharticles.com) www.biotecharticles.com) Kumari P, SP Singh and KK Gangopadhyay (2017) Shingane S, N Deshmukh, D Chand, S Gomashe and Begomovirus management in okra. (http:// N Dikshit (2017) Marking nut: An underutilized fruit crop www.biotecharticles.com). of semi-arid region. (http://www.biotecharticles.com) Kumari P, SP Singh and KK Gangopadhyay (2017) Shubha K, A Mukherjee and P Pramanik (2017). Biofuel Biotechnological strategies for improving viral disease for Energy Conservation: Prospects and Problems. The resistance in okra. (http://www.biotecharticles.com). Environment Management: A Quarterly E- Magazine on Environment and Sustainable Development. Kumari P, SP Singh and KK Gangopadhyay (2017) 3: 9-11 Whitefly as a vector of okra enation leaf curl disease (OELCuD) in okra. (http://www.biotecharticles.com). Singh B, K Gupta, Z Khan, S Bhalla, VC Chalam and SC Dubey (Eds) (2017) Generic Pest Risk Analysis: Kumari P, SP Singh and KK Gangopadhyay (2017) Import of Transgenic Rice. NBPGR, New Delhi, 33p. Whitefly as a vector of Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic (http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in). Disease (OYVMD) in Okra. (http:// www.biotecharticles.com). Singh SP and P Kumari (2017) Insect-pests, diseases and weeds of pearl millet and their management. Kumari P, VC Chalam, DB Parakh and AK Maurya (http://www.biotecharticles.com). (2017) Virus based vectors and their application. (https://www.biotecharticles.com) Srivastava V and V Kaur (2017) Underutilized fruit crops in India with potential nutraceutical value. (https:// Monika Singh & Sushmita (2017) Endogenous genes: www.biotecharticles.com) potential in GM detection. (http:// www.biotecharticles.com) Sultan SM (2017) Amaranth (Amaranthus L.) - A potential multipurpose underexploited crop. (http:// Padmavati GG and K Tripathi (2017) Questionnaire www.biotecharticles.com) on conservation on plant genetic resources. Science Reporter, 54: 62-63. Sultan SM (2017) Minor Millets - Neglected crops having the potential to save the poor from starvation. Padmavati GG (2017) Concept of Core Collection. (http://www.biotecharticles.com) (https://www.biotecharticles.com) Sultan SM (2017) Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) - Padmavati GG (2017) Hidden Potential of Crop Wild threatened golden crop of Kashmir. (http:// Relatives. (https://www.biotecharticles.com) www.biotecharticles.com) Padmavati GG, V Gupta, A Kak (2017) Pre-germination Sultan SM (2017) Wild caraway - A useful plant of treatments to overcome seed dormancy. (https:// Jammu & Kashmir, India. (http:// www.biotecharticles.com) www.biotecharticles.com) Sanand S, P Kaur, R Kiran and K Gaikwad (2017) Exome Sushmita and M Singh (2017) PCR-based GM Sequencing: Introduction and Applications. (https:// diagnostics: Strategies for detection of genetically www.biotecharticles.com) modified events. (http://www.biotecharticles.com) Shekhawat RS, and N Shekhawat (2017) Climate Tripathi K (2017) Role of pre-breeding in crop Change: Challenges For Food Security. Biotech improvement. (http://www.biotecharticles.com) articles.Online published (https://
GENERAL INFORMATION 173 41st Foundation day of ICAR-NBPGR celebrated on August 2, 2017 ICAR-NBPGR celebrated its 41st Foundation day on August 2, 2017 with Dr T Mohapatra, Secretary, DARE and DG, ICAR as the chief guest. Dignitaries from ICAR HQ, Dr JS Sandhu, former DDG (CS), Dr AK Singh, DDG (Hort.), Dr DK Yadav, ADG (Seeds), Directors from other ICAR institutes, Dr KV Prabhu, JD (Res.) and HoDs, IARI also graced the occasion. More than fifty retired colleagues were felicitated for their contributions to the Bureau. The programme started with the planting of sapling of Parkia roxburghii (Tree bean), a multipurpose tree collected from Assam region. Shri Pallava Bagla, noted Science Editor, NDTV; Correspondent, Science & Columnist, PTI delivered the 4th Dr Harbhajan Singh memorial lecture on “Challenges of Communicating Science to the Public: A Journalist’s Perspective”. Best Worker Awards (7) and Appreciation Certificates (7) to staff members were also distributed by the Chief Guest. The event concluded with a colourful cultural programme that was rejoiced by all.
Fig. 21.1: Planting of Parkia roxburghii sapling and felicitation of dignitaries during 41st foundation day celebrations.
brinjal, chilli, Dolichos bean, Fieldbean, Jackbean, wild 21.11 Germplasm field days organized tomato, PPVFRA registered varieties, wild legumes and 21.11.1 Germplasm field day on multi-crop at RS, wild cucurbits at display. The occasion was graced Hyderabad: RS, Hyderabad organized 23rd field day by Dr Praveen Rao, Vice Chancellor, PJTSAU, Dr on January 24, with multiple crop germplasm viz., Ravindra Babu, Director, ICAR-IIRR and Dr JC Rana, pigeonpea, linseed, pillipesarabean, amaranths, Head, DGE, ICAR-NBPGR and 30 researchers participated from ICAR institutes and SAUs. Researchers visited the crops and identified the trait- specific germplasm of their interest.
Fig. 21.3: Germplasm selection by researchers field day on wheat, barley and oilseeds. A: Oilseed; B: Barley; Fig. 21.2: Field day at RS, Hyderabad. C: Wheat.
174 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 21.11.2 Germplasm field day on wheat, barley and RS, Thrissur on August 11 for the benefit of okra oilseeds: It was organized at NBPGR Issapur Farm on researchers. A total of 1,400 collections of okra, March 7, 2017 and attended by 70 scientists from 7 representative collections of 10 wild Abelmoschus
SAUs, 5 ICAR institutes and 2 private organizations. species and about 150 F3 lines of amphi-diploids (okra Germplasm comprising wheat (2,849), barley (5,076) with YVMV resistant wild Abelmoschus species) was and rapeseed-mustard (1,268) expressing genetic on display, besides good variability in ornamental okra. variability were on display in the field. The participants A total of 31 participants representing ICAR institutes, identified and selected the desired germplasm for SAUs and traditional universities took part in the event. utilization in their crop improvement programme. 21.11.5 Germplasm field day on Kharif pulses: 21.11.3 Sesame field day: Sesame field day in Kharif pulses (Frenchbean, Adzuki bean, Ricebean, collaboration with ICAR-IIOR, Hyderabad was Cowpea) comprising 538 germplasm were on display organized on April 11. Around 1,500 accessions at for various researchers on August 28, during field day IIOR and 256 at RS, Hyderabad were on display and at RS, Shimla. Elite germplasm were identified and 14 researchers of the sesame working group from IIOR, selected for their ongoing crop improvement ANGRAU and PJTSAU attended the programme. programme by the researchers from ICAR institutes and SAUs.
Fig. 21.6: Kharif pulses field day.
Fig. 21.4: Sesame field day. 21.11.6 Germplasm field day on maize: This field 21.11.4: Abelmoschus field day: A germplasm field day for okra and Abelmoschus species was held at
Fig. 21.5: Okra field day. Fig. 21.7: Germplasm field day on maize.
GENERAL INFORMATION 175 day was attended by 40 participants from 3 SAUs 21.12 PGR awareness programme and TSP and 3 ICAR institutes at ICAR-NBPGR, IARI Farm, New Delhi on September 16. Crop genetic variability for 21.12.1 Biodiversity fair cum grass root level 796 accessions from Himalayan regions (NW and NE) awareness on PGR conservation: Keeping in view were on display and the participants selected the the erosion of agri-biodiversity especially in the tribal desired germplasm for its utilization in crop areas of Jaya Shankar district; RS, Hyderabad in improvement programme. collaboration with NGO (ASHA), organized an awareness programme for tribal farmers on 21.11.7 Germplasm field day on upland rice: A conservation of crop genetic resources during January germplasm field day on upland rice (200) was 20-21 at Eturunagaram. About 200 tribal farmers from organized at RS, Thrissur on September 22 and Chintalapadu, Eturunagaram, Gantalakunta, attended by 22 researchers from various organizations Gundammacheruvu, Gurralabhaavi, Jeedivagu, and farmers. Malluru, Mangapeta, Posammagudem and Santinagaram villages participated. Different implements useful to the tribal farmers in the tillage of local landraces/ traditional varieties were distributed.
Fig. 21.8: Germplasm field day on upland rice.
21.11.8 Germplasm field day on Kharif pulses and It was organized on October 5, at NBPGR oilseeds: Fig. 21.10: Awareness programme for tribal farmers on experimental Farm, Issapur. Around 50 participants agro-biodiversity at Eturunagaram. from various organizations viz., ICAR institutes, SAUs, Bioversity International and AVRDC attended. 21.12.2 Exhibition on traditional farming and Mungbean (1,400), urdbean (800), cowpea (371), indigenous foods of North East: A stall by RS, and sesame (696) were on display. Shillong highlighting the role, mandate and major
Fig. 21.9: Field day on Kharif pulses and oilseeds. Fig. 21.11: Visitors viewing exhibits displayed at the RS, Shillong stall.
176 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 activities in managing plant biodiversity for tribal the community to register 38 farmers’ varieties to farmers was exhibited at ICAR-RC for NEH Region, PPV&FRA. Umiam during February 25-27. The exhibition showcased traditional farming practices like Zhum 21.12.5 PGR awareness programmes at Shimla: RS, cultivation, Apatanis Zabo terrace farming, bamboo Shimla celebrated biodiversity day (May 22) in drip irrigation etc. along with the region’s diverse and collaboration with GSSS, Phagli, Shimla to impart the unique culinary wonders and traditional medicinal importance of biodiversity among school children. Four practices. other PGR awareness programmes were organized during different occasions viz., world environment day, 21.12.3 Biodiversity fair for PGR conservation HP science congress, National conference on alternate awareness: This programme was organized by RS, farming systems to enhance farmers’ income and Ranchi on March 3, at the tribal Burudih village, workshop on mainstreaming of farmer varieties in Saraikela-Kharsawan dt., Jharkhand and around 200 Uttarakhand and HP. In addition, farmers interactive farmers with majority being women farmers, had meet (July 26) was conducted in collaboration with attended. MLA of the constituency Sh. Champai IARI, RS, Shimla, in Chaili village, Mashobra block. Soren, graced the occasion and PGR experts from RS, Ranchi and ICAR-RC (Eastern region) apprised farmers on importance of conserving PGR.
21.12.4 Sustaining indigenous food soverignity in tribal villages of Uttarakhand: A cluster of 14 villages in Tarikhet Block of Almora Dt, was undertaken by RS, Bhowali under MGMG programme. To address issues of indigenous foods impacting health and culture of native people, a community now known as “Gramin Khadya Samprabhuta Samoohaamooha” (Peasants association for indigenous food sovereignty) was formed. This provides a restorative framework for health and community development. This being an excellent model for sustaining indigenous food soverignity, this community was awarded the Fig. 21.13: PGR awareness programmes at different prestigious “Plant Genome Savior Community occasions at Shimla. Award-2014-152014-15” (including a cash prize of Rs. 10 Lakhs) of the PPV&FRA on April 19 at Motihari, Bihar 21.12.6 PGR awareness programmes at Cuttack: by Hon’ble Union Agriculture Minister Shri Radha Thirty-five farmers of Radhakrishnapur village were Mohan Singh. Besides, RS, Bhowali also facilitated trained on using ‘rice expert apps’ developed by ICAR- NRRI during one day training programme on September 8, and information on BPH management practices followed were collected. RS, Cuttack exhibited the agro-biodiversity resources in a regional workshop on awareness of PPV&FRA, 2001-cum-exhibition on agro- biodiversity organized by ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack on November 17. A PGR awareness programme at Badakhaman village, Mayurbhanj dt., was organised on December 29 under TSP. Around 150 tribal farmers participated and need based agricultural inputs were distributed. In another programme, household information of 50 farmers from five villages (Jeypore patna, Dihapur, Nistarinipur, Gobardhanpur, Itipur) Fig. 21.12: Community from Tarikhet block received under Itipur cluster was collected. Besides, seeds of ‘Plant genome saviour community award’ facilitated by three rice varieties (CR-Dhan, 25 kg) were distributed RS, Bhowali.
GENERAL INFORMATION 177 to the farmers (Itipur and Jeypore patna villages) for distributed to 124 farmers by the chief guest Sh. Prakash Kharif, 2017. Rawat, panchayat pramukh, Joshimath block.
21.12.8 Biodiversity fair and PGR awareness programme at Chintapalle: Keeping in view the erosion of agro-biodiversity especially in Chintapalle, Visakhapatnam Dt, RS, Hyderabad in collaboration with ANGRAU, RARS, Chintapalle, organized a biodiversity fair-cum-grass root level awareness programme on crop genetic resources conservation during December 6-7 under TSP attended by 200 farmers. An exhibition was also arranged for the benefit of tribal farmers and students, which was inaugurated by Dr G Jogi Naidu, Associate Director of Research, ANGRAU, RARS, Chintapalle. To promote Fig. 21.14: PGR awareness programmes and visitors at PGR conservation among tribal farmers, seed storage Cuttack. bins and some literature published by the station were 21.12.7 Biodiversity fair under TSP: An “Awareness distributed to farmers during the inaugural session. This camp-cum-biodiversity fair” was organized at gave farmers an opportunity to interact with scientists Suraithota in Niti valley, Chamoli dt., under TSP on and co-farmers from adjacent villages on importance October 25 in Uttarakhand. Around 150 tribal farmers of agro-biodiversity. representing 13-14 villages (5 village panchayats: Lata, Reni, Subhai, Suki and Tolma) participated in the fair. An exhibition of unique native crop diversity (hull-less barley, tartary buckwheat, proso millet, foxtail millet, rajmash and amaranths) of the community was also organized. A set of four petty farm implements was
Fig. 21.16: Distribution of seed storage bins to farmers and attendees viewing exhibits.
21.12.9 PGR awareness programme and biodiversity fair at Ranchi: It was organized by RS, Ranchi at Darisai village, East Singhbhooom dt., in collaboration with KVK Darisai of the Birsa Agricultural Fig. 21.15: Distribution of farm implements to farmers of Chamoli Dt. University, Ranchi on December 16. Mrs. Uma Mahto,
178 ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18 Director, District Rural Development Agency, East Singhbhooom, graced the occasion as chief guest and in her address to gathering, she recognized and appreciated tribal farming community33 for being the custodians of agro-biodiversity and its conservation for sustained usage. Dr. Arti Beena Ekka, Project Coordinator, KVK Darisai welcomed the chief guest and set the tone for the programme.
21.12.10 MGMG programme at Thrissur: Village visits and technology transfers to farmers were undertaken in three selected villages. Seeds of okra and sweet gourd, and brinjal seedlings were distributed to farmers at Kavassery village, Palakkad on May 19. In the second village (Anandapuram), okra, little millet and amaranth seeds, brinjal seedlings and Moringa stem cuttings were distributed to 17 farmers on May 23. Brinjal seedlings, Moringa stem cuttings, high yielding forage grass CO-5, okra, ash gourd and pumpkin seeds were distributed to tribal farmers at Maniankinar colony, Thrissur dt. on May 24. Demonstration of pollination techniques for dioecious sweet gourd and monitoring in Kavassery and Alathur Fig. 21.17: Screenshot of iP-PGR app. Villages, Palakkad dt. was taken up. Meeting on cultivation aspects of cucumber was attended by 15 International Yoga Day observed. farmers on December 13, at Mallussery village, Angamaly and seeds of five accessions of cucumber ICAR-NBPGR celebrated International Yoga Day on were supplied under MTA. June 21. On the occasion, a yoga session was held in central lawn of the institute. The Director 21.13 Intellectual property and technololgy addressed the gathering and emphasized that management unit ‘Regular practice of yoga leads to healthy living and enlightened life’. Dr Ishwar Singh from NBPGR, HQ, IP portfolio of NBPGR 21.13.1 IP portfolio of NBPGR: a trained practitioner in yoga, pranayam and yogic includes three patents in the area of transgene kriyaein demonstrated the session. All staff members detection (245749, 254341, 258165) and five had participated in the event. copyrights (SW-3278/2006, L-30267/2008, L- 32399/2009, SW-7727/2014, SW-8439/2015) on software. Three patent applications (4279/DEL/2015, 4278/DEL/2015 and 4277/DEL/2015) for an extraction assembly have been published by the Delhi patent office (U/S 11A) on 30/06/2017 and are awaiting to be examined.
21.13.2 PGR-IP management system: A mobile app, iP-PGR, was developed for easy access to information on plant genetic resources and it can be downloaded from google play store. A screenshot of the software and its utilites are provided in the figure.
Fig. 21.18: Demonstration and practice of yoga
GENERAL INFORMATION 179
Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec 28.7 32.4 22.9 25.34 15.2 13.2 Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov 25.58 Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct 38.4 31 27 12.71 7.98 6.58 25.69 19.02 14.35 Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep 32.2 33.7 31.5 29.9 35.6 22.17 14.76 6.48 4.88 15.06 378.5 0 0 7.5 32.66 31.54 27.5 27.16 Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug 752.7 348.4 254.1 20.8 3 Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul 18.8 17.6 13.2 6 1.1 -2.1 22.8 23.3 22.9 22.3 21.8 21.1 28.4 28 27.9 26.7 24.8 38.77 37.18 38.14 36.85 30.75 26.34 Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun 25.4 24 23.7 23.3 19.1 14.5 11.7 28.9 26.5 26.2 25.3 20.3 15.71 16.94 16.56 132.5 540.5 265.1 25.12 23.65 24.11 24.37 23.31 18.48 17.1 25.64 24.8 25.44 26.5 21 13.91 10 28.8 May May May May May 36.35 32.31 31.07 31.81 25.98 Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr 85.2 99.5 147.9 221.2 319.4 187.5 0 2.6 25.3 26.6 28.1 27.9 22.31 25.32 38.13 37.84 34.04 28.3 29.68 31.9 30 25.32 27.06 26.88 26.11 26.35 26.63 18.2 24.1 27.9 18.4 24.9 Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar 22.63 Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb 32.7 35.7 39.9 39.7 33 30.8 29.6 30.6 30.9 30.3 18.78 12.37 16.25 28.45 32.08 Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan 12.2 13.6 18.2 22 24.6 23.2 22.2 22.1 21.7 20.1 14.6 11.1 22.1 24.6 24.2 12.5 17.38 18.27 24.78 Meteorological data (temperature in degrees Celsius and rainfall mm) Meteorological data (temperature in degrees Celsius and rainfall mm) Meteorological data (temperature in degrees Celsius and rainfall mm) Meteorological data (temperature in degrees Celsius and rainfall mm) Meteorological data (temperature in degrees Celsius and rainfall mm) Parameter Parameter RainfallMax tempMin tempRainfall 14.79 0 1.45 18 0.5 3.47 80 21.44 16.5 6.8 26.56 0 23.5 26.23 13.82 25.36 0 14.3 20 24.16 16.64 0.3 24.92 88 18.88 87 25.56 24.43 19 190.8 19.16 123.3 16.34 17.39 11.6 54.2 6.04 62 4.73 0 0 Max temp 27.4 30.75 32.85 35.7 Min temp 13.64 RainfallMax temp 29.3 0 0 55 0 0 4.23 363 163 224 225 47 17 Min temp RainfallMax temp 23.9 0 29.5 0 34 0.2 39.8 0.1 41.5 39 2 34.2 7.1 34.1 5.1 5.5 4.8 11.9 0 0 Min temp 8 14.3 Max tempMin temp 29.4 10.8 33.7 14.6 37.1 41.9 43 36.8 31.9 31 Parameter RainfallMax temp 24.52 23.3 0 29.4 2.1 55 129 270.2 40 26 0 0 0.9 Min tempRainfallMax temp 9.6 0 0 0 5.6 31.6 188 583 311 175 88 4 0 Max tempMin temp 4.7 -1.1 10.9 1.4 15.6 4.1 21.2 24.7 7.8 27.7 12.4 29.9 15 30.1 28.9 24.8 16.3 11.3 RainfallRainfall 148.1Max tempMin temp 19.6Rainfall 134 34.1Max temp 36.1 22.9Min tempRainfall 87 36 23.2 0 25 2.22 36.1 24.7 58 64.8 31.11 6.64 0170.2 38.62 35.7 17.1 0.0 290.8 26 169 7.58 202 37.6 13.2 43.42 34.6 8.0 24.9 14.67 23 44.81 30.4 193 20.26 19.1 23.5 44.71 22.74 66 167.5 30.8 0 24.99 630.2 30.1 23.96 31 385.5 0 31.5 478 22 7.4 31.7 413.9 183.4 11 33 58.3 0 11.5 10 30 Min tempRainfallMin temp 5.5 26.4 8 2.8 0 6.47 10.6 60.3 7.77 14.4 206.1 13.18 200.8 16.4 14.36 475.9 18.3 381.2 20.4 20.6 20.2 16.9 11.3 9.6 Max temp Parameter Parameter ation ation ation ation ation kola kola kola kola kola t t t t t Bhowali Bhowali Cuttack Cuttack Hyderabad Hyderabad Jodhpur Jodhpur S S A A Ranchi Ranchi Shillong Shillong Srinagar Srinagar Thrissur Thrissur New Delhi New Delhi Shimla Shimla Bhowali Cuttack Hyderabad Jodhpur S A Ranchi Shillong Srinagar Thrissur New Delhi Shimla Bhowali Bhowali Cuttack Cuttack Hyderabad Hyderabad Jodhpur Jodhpur S S A A Ranchi Ranchi Shillong Shillong Srinagar Srinagar Thrissur Thrissur New Delhi New Delhi Shimla Shimla
GENERAL INFORMATION 181 ISSN 0971-2577
Bhowali
Akola Cuttack
Thrissur Hyderabad New Delhi
Srinagar Jodhpur
NewNew Delhi Delhi
Shimla Ranchi
Shillong