AIDA-2020-NOTE-2020-007 AIDA-2020 Advanced European Infrastructures for Detectors at Accelerators Scientific/Technical Note
AIDA-2020: 3rd periodic report
The AIDA-2020 Collaboration
30 June 2020
The AIDA-2020 Advanced European Infrastructures for Detectors at Accelerators project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement no. 654168.
This work is part of AIDA-2020 Work Package 1: Project management and coordination.
The electronic version of this AIDA-2020 Publication is available via the AIDA-2020 web site
Copyright c CERN for the benefit of the AIDA-2020 Consortium
Project Number: 654168 Project Acronym: AIDA-2020 Project title: Advanced European Infrastructures for Detectors at Accelerators
Periodic Technical Report Part B
Period covered by the report: from 01/05/2018 to 30/04/2020 Periodic report: 3rd
Grant Agreement No: 654168 AIDA-2020 Advanced European Infrastructures for Detectors at Accelerators Horizon 2020 Research Infrastructures project AIDA -2020
PERIODIC TECHNICAL REPORT
AIDA-2020: 3RD PERIODIC REPORT
Grant Agreement number: 654168
Project Acronym: AIDA-2020
Project title: Advanced European Infrastructures for Detectors at Accelerators
Start date of the project: 01/05/2015
Duration of the project: 60 months
Period covered by the report: from 1 May 2018 to 30 April 2020
Periodic report: 3rd Periodic Report (P3)
Date: 30/06/2020
Version: Final
Project website address: http://cern.ch/aida2020
The report is elaborated on Grant Agreement after Amendment no.3, the basis of the: approved by the EC on 4 February 2019
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AIDA-2020 Consortium, 2020 For more information on AIDA-2020, its partners and contributors please see www.cern.ch/AIDA2020
The Advanced European Infrastructures for Detectors at Accelerators (AIDA-2020) project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement no. 654168. AIDA-2020 began in May 2015 and will run for 5 years.
Delivery Slip
Name Partner Date AIDA-2020 Management team with contributions Authored by 08/06/2020 from all Work Package Coordinators and Task Leaders Edited by The Project Coordination Office CERN 15/06/2020
Reviewed by Steering Committee and Governing Board 25/06/2020
Approved by Management Team 30/06/2020
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Table of Contents Summary for publication ...... 6 Summary of the context and overall objectives of the project ...... 6 Work performed from the beginning of the project to the end of the period covered by the report and main results achieved so far ...... 6 1. Explanation of the work carried out by the beneficiaries and overview of the progress ...... 10 1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 10 1.2 SUMMARY OF EXPLOITABLE RESULTS IN PERIOD 3 AND AN EXPLANATION ABOUT HOW THEY CAN/WILL BE EXPLOITED ...... 19 1.3 PROGRESS TOWARDS OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANT RESULTS ...... 28 1.4 EXPLANATION OF THE WORK CARRIED PER WP ...... 31 WP1: Project management and coordination (MGT) ...... 31 WP2: Innovation and outreach (NA1) ...... 34 WP3: Advanced software (NA2) ...... 38 WP4 Micro-electronics and interconnections (NA3) ...... 46 WP5: Data acquisition system for beam tests (NA4) ...... 50 WP6: Novel high voltage and resistive CMOS sensors (NA5) ...... 53 WP7: Advanced pixel detectors (NA6) ...... 57 WP8: Large scale cryogenic liquid detectors (NA7) ...... 63 WP9: New support structures and micro-channel cooling (NA8) ...... 69 WP10: Beam test facilities (TA1) ...... 75 WP11: Irradiation test facilities (TA2) ...... 82 WP12: Detector characterisation facilities (TA3) ...... 88 WP13: Innovative gas detectors (JRA1) ...... 92 WP14: Infrastructure for advanced calorimeters (JRA2) ...... 98 WP15: Upgrade of beam and irradiation test infrastructure (JRA3) ...... 103 1.5 IMPACT ...... 110 Progress beyond the state of the art and expected potential impact (including the socio-economic impact and the wider societal implications of the project so far) ...... 110 2. Follow-up of recommendations and comments from previous reviews ...... 111 3. Deviations from Annex 1 and Annex 2 ...... 111 3.1 Deliverables and Milestones ...... 111 3.2 Tasks ...... 113 4. Dissemination and exploitation of results ...... 114 Scientific publications ...... 114
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Dissemination and communication activities ...... 120 Annex 1: Project meetings in P3 ...... 124 Annex 2: List of User Selection Panel members ...... 126 Annex 3: List of publications related to Transnational Access (published in P3) ...... 127
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SUMMARY FOR PUBLICATION
Summary of the context and overall objectives of the project The AIDA-2020 project brought together the leading European infrastructures and academic institutions in detector development for particle physics, a field attracting a global community of more than 10,000 scientists. In total, 19 countries and CERN were involved in this programme, which followed the priorities of the European Strategy for Particle Physics closely. With the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its experiments, the community had to overcome unprecedented challenges, which AIDA-2020 addressed. AIDA-2020 advanced detector technologies beyond previous limits by offering well-equipped test beam and irradiation facilities for testing detector systems under its Transnational Access (TA) programme. Common software tools, microelectronics chips and data acquisition systems were also provided. These shared high-quality infrastructures and standards ensured a coherent development, thus increasing knowledge exchange between European groups across the boundaries of the various future projects. The enhanced coordination within the European detector community leveraged EU and national resources and contributed to maintaining Europe's leadership in the field. Work performed from the beginning of the project to the end of the period covered by the report and main results achieved so far WP1 (Project Management and Coordination) was monitoring the scientific and technical progress in all Work Packages (WP) through bi-monthly meetings of the Steering Committee (SC) and was ensuring the contractual and administrative implementation of the project. Administrative actions in the last two years of the project included the preparation of an amendment request to the Grant Agreement for the extension of the project, the organisation of the Annual Meeting in Oxford in 2019 and of the Final Meeting by videoconference in 2020. Activities in WP2 (Innovation and Outreach) for the reporting period included the maintenance of the project website and quarterly publication of the newsletter On Track, and the production of communication content for the magazine Innovation Networks. WP2 followed closely the Proof-of- Concept (PoC) projects, which have surpassed expectations, with the creation of one start-up and the signing of two collaboration agreements. Value propositions for micro-cooling applications around GEONEXT satellites were created and presented to adequate industries. After the selection of a vendor for large-area silicon sensors and signature of a framework contract, acceptance criteria were defined, and testing the first pre-series has been completed. WP3 (Advanced Software) has delivered production quality software tools for particle physics, that are fully integrated into the frameworks of running and planned experiments. The DD4hep detector description toolkit has gained an increasingly large number of users in the HEP community, notably also the LHC experiments CMS and LHCb. The geometry package VecGeom is now routinely used by large experiments in simulation and offers significant CPU performance improvements through the use of vectorization. The alignment tools have been very successfully applied to various test beams and to the online calibration of the LHCb experiment. Significant progress has been made in further improving the advanced common tracking software ACTS and the event data model toolkit PODIO. Both are currently integrated into the turnkey software stack that will be used by all future collider studies. The newly developed MarlinMT framework allows to apply parallel event processing in the linear collider software ecosystem. The Pandora Particle Flow Algorithms package continues to deliver excellent performance for the neutrino experiments as well as for CLIC and ILC studies.
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In WP4 (Microelectronics and Interconnections) the work on detector readout integrated circuits in 65 nm and 130 nm CMOS focused on providing chips for the pixel detectors and for the gaseous detectors and calorimeters supported in WP13 and WP14. Through silicon vias (TSV) for interconnecting the pixel sensors with their readout chips were successfully etched into 130 nm CMOS chips. This demonstrated the general features of TSV in hybrid pixel front-end chips and proved the feasibility of TSV in 100 nm-scale CMOS integrated circuits. The tools developed in WP5 (Data Acquisition (DAQ) System for Beam Tests) were put to good use in the final year of AIDA-2020. The software components for data acquisition and quality monitoring, EUDAQ2 and DQM4HEP were used on numerous beam-tests of prototype detectors being developed for upgrades of the Large Hadron Collider and prototypes for a future Linear Collider. The software is “Open Source” to maximise its usefulness to all sections of the scientific community. The hardware developed in WP5, the Trigger/Timing Logic Unit (TLU), designed to synchronize different detectors at beam-tests, was installed at all AIDA-2020 supported beam-lines and a production of further units is being organized by DESY. WP5 has succeeded in producing software tools that look set to provide a “work horse” for the detector community for several years to come. The activities of WP6 (Novel High Voltage and Resistive CMOS Sensors) aimed at investigating two approaches for active CMOS sensors: hybrid devices, in which the sensor and the electronics are in two separate substrates interconnected with solder bumps, and monolithic devices, where the sensor and the electronics are placed in a single substrate. The excellent performance of the monolithic prototypes before and after irradiation, and the cost effectiveness of their fabrication cycle, have consolidated this approach. The activities during the last period of the project were focused towards the studies of two types of monolithic devices: one with small and one with large electrodes. Each approach produced excellent results, large electrodes devices potentially offering larger radiation hardness, while small electrode prototypes feature low power dissipation and high-speed capabilities. These results established the depleted CMOS active pixel sensors (DMAPS) as a viable technology option of the next generation of High Energy Physics tracking detectors. WP7 (Advanced hybrid pixel detectors) aimed at optimizing the sensors for the silicon-based vertexing and tracking systems in future HEP experiments, using planar and 3D pixel sensors. In addition, Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technologies were studied for their use in the future timing detectors of the high-luminosity LHC experiments. Three Multi-Project-Wafer (MPW) productions of such sensors have been completed and characterized. The test of the 3D sensor productions has demonstrated that this technology is able to provide high tracking efficiency in the harsh radiation conditions expected for the innermost pixel layers of the CMS and ATLAS experiments. A very good timing performance has been measured on the LGAD sensors, with a time resolution of 25 ps being achieved for 35 μm thick sensors. On planar sensors, a new active edge implementation based on doped trenches, providing full hit efficiency in all the sensor area, has been demonstrated. A comprehensive TCAD radiation damage model has been developed to simulate the changes in the silicon sensors due to radiation up to the particle fluence corresponding to the full HL- LHC lifetime. The activities of WP8 (Large Scale Cryogenic Liquid Detectors) were embedded in the infrastructures provided by the Neutrino Platform at CERN. Key technologies for purity monitoring, photo-detection, very high voltage supply, charge readout, associated cryogenic front-end electronics and DAQ were reviewed, further developed and tested. Many of these developments were integrated in a large-scale 6x6x6 m3 liquid argon prototype, which has been taking data in 2019-2020. Challenges of low material budget designs of future track and vertex detectors are addressed in WP9 (New Support Structures and Micro-channel cooling). During the las two years of the project, vast
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experience has been gained in different techniques to produce silicon cooling plates and in the quantitative assessment of the thermal management performance and of the resistance to high pressure, while substantial advances have been made in the understanding of the cooling performance of mini- and micro-channel cooling circuits. At the same time, the work programme on the facility for structure characterization has continued. Prototypes from visiting groups were surveyed in the vibration table and air flow cooling setups. The Transnational Access programme was organised in WP10 (Beam Test Facilities), WP11 (Irradiation Test facilities) and WP12 (Detector Characterisation Facilities). WP12 contained new test facilities offering ion micro-beams for the characterisation of radiation damage effects, and equipment for electromagnetic noise characterisation. All facilities provided support to users, some even exceeding the target access units, thus demonstrating the success of the programme and the demand from the community. A panel including independent representatives was supervising the selection procedures. A wide community joined their research activities in WP13 (Innovative Gaseous Detectors) to advance in detector architectures and develop the tools to produce and characterise resistive plate chambers (RPC) and micro-pattern gas detectors (MPGD). Important steps forward have been obtained in the development of novel MPGD architectures, in developing technological tools for RPCs and MPGDs, in particular in the field of dedicated read-out electronics and electronics tools for laboratory studies. Progress was made towards transfer of the production technologies for gaseous detector components to industry. WP14 (Infrastructure for Advance Calorimeters) unfolded synergies between the efforts to develop highly granular calorimeter systems for the LHC upgrades and future linear colliders. The performance of the constructed test infrastructure for highly granular calorimeter elements based on optical readout was established, electron beam welding as a possible technology for the construction of large, high-precision steel absorber structures was demonstrated, compact readout systems for highly granular calorimeters were developed, test benches for scintillating and clear optical fibres have been constructed and operated, and a very compact calorimeter prototype, including a dedicated ASIC, was constructed and tested. Activities to enhance the test beam and irradiation services at European facilities were concluded for WP15 (Upgrade of Beam and Irradiation Test Infrastructure). A silicon-strip tracking telescope has been commissioned at DESY. The integration into EUDAQ2 happened in close collaboration with WP5. The installation of the second beam line at the BTF in Frascati has been completed and the photon tagging components have been installed. The key beam instrumentation of the CERN Proton Irradiation facility (IRRAD) has been improved, and the Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) has been upgraded with additional Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) for cosmic muons and an augmented reality (AR) environment showing reconstructed tracks. Finally, the irradiation facilities database has been enhanced towards Test Beam facilities.
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Objectives AIDA-2020 Targets AIDA-2020 Results
Scientific dissemination 180 publications including: 361 publications including: 60 journal publications 106 journal publications 50 conference contributions 69 conference contributions
General communication and 10 articles in newsletters and 14 issues with 86 articles in news other communication channels newsletters and other communication channels
Cross-border cooperation 38 beneficiaries from 19 38 beneficiaries from 19 countries countries
Knowledge sharing in the 450 project members in 15 450 project members in 15 community work packages work packages
Enhanced Transnational Up to 300 TA user projects 281 TA user projects with Access with 940 users and 30504 1082 users and 34599 access access units units
Pre-industrialisation of novel 3-4 projects supported by the 3 projects supported by the detector technologies Proof-of-Concept fund Proof-of-Concept fund
Training of PhD scientists 60 PhD students 76 PhD students and engineers
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1. EXPLANATION OF THE WORK CARRIED OUT BY THE BENEFICIARIES AND OVERVIEW OF THE PROGRESS
1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AIDA-2020 brought together the leading European research infrastructures in the field of detector development for particle physics and a number of institutions, universities and technological centres. 38 beneficiaries and 19 collaborating institutes have contributed to the activities of the project, to push detector technologies beyond the state-of-the-art. The project was organized around three main types of activities: • Networking Activities included innovation and outreach (WP2), development of advanced software (WP3), micro-electronics and interconnections (WP4), data acquisition for beam tests (WP5), high voltage and resistive CMOS sensors (WP6), hybrid pixel detectors (WP7), large scale cryogenic liquid detectors (WP8), new support structures and micro-channel cooling (WP9). • Transnational Access was organized along three different lines: access to high energy particle beams at CERN and DESY (WP10), access to irradiation sources at CERN IRRAD & GIF++, JSI, KIT, UCLouvain and UoB distributed over several European countries (WP11) and access to new detector testing facilities at RBI and ITAINNOVA (WP12). • Joint Research Activities were devoted to advanced detector studies such as gas detectors (WP13), calorimeters (WP14) and to the upgrade of beam and irradiation test facilities (WP15). In the 3rd reporting period, the management team in WP1 (Project management and coordination) prepared an amendment request to the Grant Agreement in May-July 2018 to request the extension of the project by 12 months, until 30 April 2020. Following this amendment (signed by the EC on 19 July 2018), a third amendment to the Grant Agreement was initiated by the EC in February 2019 to add two more deliverables on the cumulative expenditure incurred by the beneficiaries in 2018 and 2019 since the last reporting period was longer than 18 months after the signature of the project extension. The management team also organised two Annual Meetings during this period: in Oxford in April 2019 (MS101) and by videoconference in April 2020 (MS100). In WP2 (Innovation and Outreach), a final report was produced on the results and perspectives of the three projects supported by the Proof-of-Concept Fund (D2.4), as well as a report on the main results generated by AIDA-2020 in each WP, which could be transferred to industry or which were achieved in collaboration with industrial partners (D2.5). On the communication, dissemination and outreach side, five On Track newsletter issues were produced in the reporting period. Finally, in Task 5, negotiations with industry were supported for the production of large quantities of silicon sensors for the Phase-II upgrades of ATLAS and CMS (D2.3). In WP3 (Advanced software), the VecGeom vectorization geometry package has been fully integrated in Geant4, ROOT and the Geant-V Prototype (MS88). The BACH tool has been successfully used for the LHCb VELO Timepix3 telescope alignment (MS89). The finalized EDM toolkit PODIO (D3.4) has been used for application by the linear collider (MS90). The newly developed MarlinMT framework (D3.5) will allow parallel event processing in the Marlin world Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 10 / 147
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(MS91). Significant contributions to the ACTS tracking toolkit constitute the deliverable (D3.7). The newly developed advanced Particle Flow algorithms (D3.8) have been applied to the CMS experiment as well as to the neutrino experiments (MS92). In WP4 (Micro-electronics and interconnections) the large-scale (about 2 cm2) 65 nm CMOS demonstrator chip (RD53A) was successfully tested, confirming the potential of 65 nm CMOS to achieve the required performance for the readout of pixel sensors at the HL-LHC. A long testing campaign was carried out by several institutes to understand the chip performance before and after irradiation, also after its connection to planar and 3D pixel sensors (MS95). The very good experimental results provided the basis for the design of the full scale pixel readout chips for ATLAS and CMS at the High Luminosity LHC. TSMC 130 nm CMOS was selected as the preferred technology for many applications because of its performance and radiation hardness (MS22). The technology was deployed for the calorimeter read- out chip HGCROC1 that was fabricated and delivered in October 2017 (D4.2). In 2019, a full engineering run provided HGCROC2 chips for the high granularity calorimeter prototype of CMS, ALTIROC chip for picosecond timing LGAD detector prototype of ATLAS, FLAME chips for the LumiCal testbeam prototype of WP14 (MS96). The TSV technology and the associated processing steps were successfully tested in 130 nm CMOS wafers with FE-I4 integrated circuits, demonstrating the general features of TSV in hybrid pixel front- end chips (D4.3). All processing steps were completed, as demonstrated by tests on chips and modules with pixel sensors connected to chips by bump bonding. This result proves the feasibility of TSV in 100 nm-scale CMOS integrated circuits and provides confidence that this technology can be applied to the next generation of pixel readout circuits in 65 nm CMOS (MS97). During the 3rd reporting period, WP5 (Data acquisition system for beam tests) used the tools previously developed to conduct a combined beam-test between heterogeneous detectors (D5.6). Although all milestones and deliverables were achieved, work continued on minor bug fixes and feature enhancements. A notable example of these was enhancing the TLU firmware to allow multiple triggers to be delivered to triggered detectors during the integration period of continuously integrating (“camera like”) detectors. This will allow approximately ten times more useful data to be collected at high rate beam-lines, such as those available at CERN, than was possible before. The goal of the WP6 (Novel high voltage and resistive CMOS sensors) was to develop novel high voltage/high resistivity (HV/HR) CMOS active sensors. The third reporting period included 8 deliverables covering all the topics of WP6 activities. Initially, the Technology Computer Aided Simulation (TCAD) tool was used to provide a model of the devices (D6.1). These models were used to produce sensor design guidelines (D6.2) that address various technological aspects to ensure the best possible performance. The monolithic approach was deemed the most promising and several CMOS active sensor prototypes were produced following these guidelines and the results of their development and testing are included in D6.3. The performance after irradiation is especially critical and the two approaches (pursued monolithic devices with small and large electrodes) produced excellent results (D6.4). In parallel, the option of hybrid active sensors was explored. This required a study and optimization of the interconnection process between the active CMOS sensor and the readout chip (D6.5). Different prototypes were produced (D6.6). The final recommendations towards industrialization of the hybrid approach (D6.7) identified various lines to explore, but ultimately depleted monolithic sensors are the technology to be used in future HEP experiments up to moderate fluences. This is the main conclusion of the WP6 activities (D6.8), and its success is measured by the fact that many current and future experiments are choosing monolithic devices for their tracking detectors.
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During P3, two major results were achieved in WP7 (Advanced hybrid pixel detectors): the characterization of the 3D, active-edge and LGAD sensor production; and the refinement of the TCAD radiation model. As discussed in the report MS87, two additional common productions were completed during P3: the 3D and LGAD sensors at CSIC-CNM. The characterization of the 3D modules from the FBK and CNM productions has been carried out mainly by means of beam tests at CERN-PS and DESY. An important result has been the demonstration of the good tracking efficiency of these devices up to a 16 2 2 fluence of 10 neq/cm , both for pixel cells of 50×50 and 25×100 m . A summary of these studies is included in the report D7.7. Due to the delay in the completion of the active-edge planar production at FBK, the performance of planar sensors of a previous prototyping run at FBK was studied. For this production, the trenches are implemented with a staggered geometry. High tracking efficiency almost up to the dicing edge has been demonstrated with these devices before and after irradiation. The results of the characterization of LGAD sensors from the WP7 common run are reported in D7.8. A time resolution of 25 ps has been achieved for 35 μm thick sensors. A comprehensive TCAD radiation damage model, suitable for device-level simulations of silicon 16 2 radiation detectors operating at very high fluences (2×10 1 MeV neq/cm ), has been developed. The model combines the radiation surface effects (oxide charge build-up and interface trap states formation) as well as the radiation bulk effects (deep level traps and/or recombination centres creation). The deliverable report D7.4 contains a detailed user guide to implement the radiation model in the Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD software. In WP8 (Large scale cryogenic liquid detectors), key technologies for purity monitoring (D8.1), photo-detection (D8.3), very high voltage (D8.4) and charge readout (D8.2), e.g. by large electron multipliers (LEM) and associated cryogenic front-end electronics and DAQ, were reviewed, further developed and tested. Many of the related systems and R&D aspects had already been integrated in the 3x1x1 m3 liquid argon prototype, supported by the CERN Neutrino Platform, which operated in 2017 taking cosmic ray data. These techniques have been further developed, integrated and tested at a larger scale on the 6x6x6 m3 ProtoDUNE dual-phase prototype, which started taking data since August 2019. All these activities have been carried out within a broader context connected to the DUNE international experiment in the USA and provided essential inputs for the DUNE far detector Technical Design Report. Studies and experimental activities on the magnetization schemes (D8.5) have also been carried out in parallel to the LAr detector technology tasks. All deliverables of WP8 were achieved on schedule during P3, following initial expectations, and they were disseminated thanks to the WP8 Twiki pages. During the third reporting period, the objectives initially set for WP9 (New support structures and micro-channel cooling) have been successfully met and the work brought to conclusion. The community has consolidated a unique wealth of knowledge on the production and characterization of detector thermal management solutions based on micro-channels: design and production methods, hydraulic interfaces to the external “macro”-circuitry, simulation and characterization techniques (D9.3, D9.4 and AIDA-2020-NOTE-2020-003). Furthermore, the new CERN test facility for precise measurement of CO2 boiling flows in mini- and micro-channels will stay as a permanent installation available to the community and will continue to produce unique experimental results on configurations of interest for future detectors. Similarly, the ventilation facility for the tests on air- cooled ultra-light structures, setup during P2, has been completed and commissioned in Oxford, and first tests were executed on candidate structures. An enhanced testing facility for ultra-light structure vibration measurements has also been setup in Oxford and was successfully used in connection with new and more precise analysis tools (MS99, D9.7).
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WP10 (Beam test facilities) provided Transnational Access (TA) to the test beams at CERN and DESY. Table 1 shows the number of projects, users and access units for these facilities. CERN PS&SPS delivered all its access units in P1 and P2, nevertheless in P3, the AIDA-2020 project still provided administrative support to users of the CERN test-beam facilities. In terms of number of supported individual users in the framework of the TA to the DESY II Test Beam, 45 users out of 9 TA projects were supported by the end of the third period. Thus, despite the long shutdown in the first reporting period it was possible to achieve to the end of the project the planned number of TA projects: 31 user projects in total were granted access to the DESY II Test Beam. In terms of access units, nearly 116% of the total amount pledged was delivered in P1+P2+P3, with a small fraction granted to user groups from non-EU or associated countries. Table 1: Number of projects, users and access units for the test beam facilities.
CERN PS& SPS DESY Number of projects P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Total 39 3 0 5 17 9 Total P1+P2+P3 42 31 Total in Annex 1 47 30 % supported in total 89% 103% Number of users P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Total 208 12 0 54 78 45 Total P1+P2+P3 220 177 Total in Annex 1 210 120 % supported in total 105% 148% Number of access units P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Total 11,328 787 0 2,184 5,225 2,328 Total P1+P2+P3 12,115 9,737 Total in Annex 1 11,280 8,400 % supported in total 107% 116% The distribution of users per home institute country is given in Figure 1 .
Figure 1: Distribution of users per home institute country in WP10
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WP11 (Irradiation test facilities) provided user support for irradiation tests of detector and electronics prototypes. The overwhelming part of the demand originates from R&D projects and detector prototype qualification associated with the high luminosity upgrade projects of the LHC experiment. TA to CERN IRRAD & GIF++ supported a total of 11 projects with 43 users in P3. In terms of access units, 1010 were provided by IRRAD and 1260 by GIF++ in P3, cumulating towards a total of 4550 access units for IRRAD and 5440 access units for GIF++ over the full project. These are well above the access unit numbers foreseen in Annex 1 (112% for IRRAD, 134% for GIF++). TA to the JSI TRIGA reactor supported 10 projects with 28 users in P3 and 103% of TA units were provided by the end of the project with respect to the total committed. 4% of the users in P3 were working outside of EU or associated countries. TA to the KIT KAZ facility supported 5 projects with 25 users in P3 and 103% of TA units were provided in P1+P2+P3 with respect to the total committed. No project application was received from outside of EU or associated countries in P3. TA to UCLouvain had no new project in P3, 3 users were supported from projects from P2, all the access units foreseen were achieved by the end of the project. No project application was received from outside of EU or associated countries in P3. TA to the UoB MC40 cyclotron supported 1 project with 2 users and provided 25% of TA units in P3 with respect to the total committed (123% for the full project duration). 12.5 out of the 130.75 access units in P3 were granted to use groups working outside of EU or associated countries. Table 2 shows the number of projects, users and access units for the irradiation test facilities. Table 1: Number of projects, users and access units for the irradiation test facilities.
CERN IRRAD1 CERN GIF++ JSI KIT UCLouvain2 UoB3 Number of P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 projects Total 5 9 4 6 7 7 44 44 10 10 10 5 5 3 0 5 7 1 Total P1+P2+P3 18 20 98 25 8 13 Total in Annex 1 30 20 50 30 10 60 % supported 60% 100% 196% 83% 80% 22% in total Number of users P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Total 18 39 18 30 69 25 114 151 28 33 40 25 19 11 3 8 31 2 Total P1+P2+P3 75 124 293 98 33 41 Total in Annex 1 60 50 150 90 50 180 % supported 125% 248% 195% 108% 66% 23% in total Number of access P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 units
1 The 60% number of projects delivered during the project is explained in section 3.2. 2 The 80% number of projects and 66% of users achieved during the project are explained in section 3.2 3 The 22% number of projects and 23% number of users achieved during the project are explained in section 3.2. Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 14 / 147
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Total 253. 226. 18.9 56.9 130. 59.7 1370 2170 1010 1990 2190 1260 34.5 27.6 49 30 1 104 5 5 3 2 75 5 Total P1+P2+P3 4550 5440 514.5 103.45 80 294.5 Total in Annex 1 4032 4032 500 100 80 240 % supported 112% 134% 106% 103% 100% 123% in total The distribution of users per home institute country is given in
Figure 2: Distribution of users per home institute country in WP11 .
Figure 2: Distribution of users per home institute country in WP11
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WP12 (Detector characterisation facilities) provided Transnational Access to two facilities for detector and system characterisation at RBI and ITAINNOVA. Table 3 shows the number of projects, users and access units for these facilities. In P3, ITAINNOVA EMCLab supported 3 projects with 4 users and delivered 43% of the total number of access units committed (97% for P1+P2+P3). All the access units were granted to user groups working in EU or associated countries. One of the projects approved in P2 has been cancelled during P3 by the user. TA to RBI supported 6 projects in P3 with 25 users and delivered 93% of the total number of access units committed. All the access units were granted to user groups working in EU or associated countries. Table 2: Number of projects, users and access units for the detector characterisation facilities.
RBI4 ITAINNOVA5 Number of projects P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Total 5 7 6 3 2 3 Total P1+P2+P3 18 8 Total in Annex 1 16 12 % supported P1+P2+P3 112% 67% Number of users P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Total 11 16 25 11 8 4 Total P1+P2+P3 52 23 Total in Annex 1 24 12 % supported P1+P2+P3 216% 191% Number of access units P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Total 200 280 120 500 140 525 Total P1+P2+P3 600 1165 Total in Annex 1 640 1,200 % supported P1+P2+P3 93% 97% The distribution of users per home institute country is given in Figure 3.
4 The 93% number of access units delivered during the project is explained in section 3.2. 5 The 67% number of projects and 97% number of access units delivered during the project are explained in section 3.2. Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 16 / 147
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Figure 3: Distribution of users per home institute country in WP12 The main results obtained in this reporting period in WP13 (Innovative gas detectors) have been achieved in different sectors. Large-size RPC prototypes have been characterized at high-rates (D13.2) and RPC performance with eco-friendly gases has been established (MS93). In the MPGD sector, the concept of a large microR-WELL detectors has been established via the construction, full engineering and validation of large-size prototypes (D13.4), and prototypes of a large-size and high- gain MPGDs have been built and validated (D13.5). In the sector of tools and technologies supporting the gaseous detector development and dissemination, the setup for the measurement of MPGD gain maps capable of providing hole-by-hole information has been realized and applied (D13.8), and PCBs have been developed using HDI-technology and 3D-mounting of chips to make the read-out of MPGDs with high channel density possible (MS94). The technology transfer to industry of electronics tools, detector components and assembly procedures for large series production has been established for very large-size MICROMEGAS, bulk MICROMEGAS and LEM/THGEMs. In the third reporting period, the activities of WP14 (Infrastructure for advanced calorimeters) have concentrated on the completion, commissioning and use of infrastructure for cutting-edge calorimeter technologies for present and future collider experiments. Particular focus was on the completion of the five remaining deliverables and on the support of the use of the established setups. This encompassed the performance tests and demonstration of test infrastructure for highly granular calorimeter elements with optical readout (D14.2), the demonstration of the capabilities and the development of procedures for electron beam welding for large absorber structures with high mechanical precision (D14.7), the development of compact interface cards for the readout of imaging calorimeters (D14.6), the successful operation of a set of test benches for the optical characterization of scintillating and Cerenkov fibres including tests of novel materials (D14.1), and the construction and test of a highly compact silicon-tungsten calorimeter together with the production of the appropriate ASIC (D14.4). These activities have completed the infrastructure foreseen in the work package, and have resulted in a significant number of published results as well as the exploitation of developed common standards for detector readout. In WP15 (Upgrade of beam and irradiation test infrastructure), a number of activities devoted to improve the services provided by European irradiation facilities and test beams at CERN, DESY and INFN-LNF have been completed and delivered to the users.
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A large-area silicon-strip telescope has been installed at the DESY II Test Beam Facility. This will provide the users with precise tracking information with almost two orders of magnitude larger acceptance than other telescopes. One challenge for this system is that it has to fit into the limited space between the field cage of e.g. a large prototype TPC and the inner wall of the thin superconducting magnet PCMAG. Several test beams at DESY demonstrated its performance, and the reconstruction software has been prepared for the user community. The existing beam line of the Frascati test facility (BTF) has been completely re-designed in order to allow splitting the beam in two distinct branches. The beam can be shared between the two new lines: the BTF-1, very similar to the existing one, and BTF-2, stemming from the main one. After the complete dismantling of the existing infrastructure, the two new lines have been built, installed, made operational and commissioned with beam, and are now both available to the users: the BTF-1 is working routinely since September 2018, while BTF-2 is operational since the beginning of 2019 and hosting users since June 2019. The re-design opened up the possibility of re-engineering the photon tagging system to make it again available to the detector development community. The system has been re-engineered and all components have been installed (D15.5). Due to an unforeseen vacuum event in fall 2019, both the BTF lines had to be completely dismantled. The overall delay due to refurbish both the lines has had a significant impact on the schedule of user and infrastructure activities. The tasks related to the key beam instrumentation of the CERN Proton Irradiation facility (IRRAD) have been achieved[ the Beam Profile Monitor (BPM) system and the “cardboard” holders used to position and align the samples in the proton beam spot, which were both suffering of radiation hardness issues, have been improved (D15.7). The tasks related to the upgrades at the Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) have also been completed (D15.11). These consisted of two separate parts: the improvement of the cosmic muons selection over a larger part of the GIF++ test area, by manufacturing additional Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) to be installed on the bunker vertical walls. The second part consisted in demonstrating the possibility of showing reconstructed tracks and detector parameters, from the same RPC detector, in an augmented reality (AR) environment using ARToolKit SDK, the software previously chosen as suitable for developing a Muon Room in the GIF++ bunker. Finally, after the success of the irradiation facilities database (D15.6 in M24), upon request from the BTTB community (https://indico.cern.ch/event/813822/), an equivalent and enhanced platform collecting key information on the Test Beam facilities has been developed during the fifth year of AIDA-2020 and put in operation in January 2020.
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1.2 SUMMARY OF EXPLOITABLE RESULTS IN PERIOD 3 AND AN EXPLANATION ABOUT HOW THEY CAN/WILL BE EXPLOITED
WP Type of Description of Purpose (How the foreground might IPR7 Potential/expected impact Exploitable Sector(s) of Timetable, exploitable exploitable foreground be exploited and by whom) (quantify where possible) product(s) or application commercial foreground6 (relevant deliverable) measure(s) or any other use Great benefit in the field of radiation oncology with a Microdosimeter to PoC application: Foreground will be exploited by Medium 2 CERD other direct impact on the health, be used in therapy Public health SMART project Alibava System term quality of life and life centers expectancy of patients. Foreground will be exploited by RF radar applications are IZM the technology driver in Increase of PoC application: Medium 2 CERD other this field and part of technological telecom TSV project term running projects with know-how industrial partners Facilitates creation of Provide an easy to use toolkit for EDMs and streaming code Short & New EDM toolkit the generation of Event Data HEP 3 GAK - for new HEP experiments. Software tools Medium PODIO released (D3.4) models for HEP experiments with experiments Will be used by the new term fast I/O. EDM4hep project. Improves the performance Developed MarlinMT, of Monte Carlo based a re-implementation of Offers the possibility for parallel Short & studies for the linear HEP 3 GAK the Marlin framework processing of events in the linear - Software tools Medium colliders, exploiting experiments for parallel processing collider studies. term modern multi-core of events (D3.5) hardware.
6 Type of foreground: General advancement of knowledge (GAK), Commercial exploitation of R&D results (CERD), Exploitation of R&D results via standards (ERD), exploitation of results through EU policies (EUP), exploitation of results through (social) innovation (INV). 7 Invention, disclosure, patent, other
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Significant Provide performance improvements Will improve the usability Short & contributions to the and increased usability of the and performance for the HEP 3 GAK - Software tools Medium ACTS common ACTS tracking tool kit, used for planned tracking studies experiments term tracking toolkit (D3.7) future collider studies. for future colliders. Release of new version of the PandoraPFA The new reconstruction Novel PFA algorithms for toolkit with new algorithms will likely be Short & reconstruction of neutrino events HEP 3 GAK algorithms for LArTPC - applied to the data of the Software tools Medium have successfully been applied to experiments reconstruction at DUNE neutrino term the ProtoDune test beam. neutrino experiments experiment. (D3.8) Provide front-end electronics for the processing of signals from pixel Advanced high-granularity 65 nm CMOS sensors with advanced performance front-end electronics, with Integrated circuits Short & integrated circuit for at extremely high particle rates and a high degree of radiation HEP 4 GAK - for pixel sensor Medium the readout of silicon radiation levels. Will be used by hardness and the capability experiments readout term pixel sensors (D4.1) groups developing new of handling very high data instrumentation for HL-LHC and rates possibly for other applications. Low noise, high speed and large dynamic range readout circuits 130 nm CMOS allow the development of new Advanced detectors with Detectors for integrated circuit for Device Short, imaging detectors with high high granularity energy particle physics 4 GAK calorimeters and - prototypes, Medium & granularity and high-performance and timing measurement. and medical gaseous detectors reports Long term embedded electronics. Medical “5D imaging calorimetry” imaging (D4.2) imaging may also benefit from this technology. Through-Silicon Vias enable the Advanced detectors with Tests and assessment of construction of high precision, low Detectors for improved spatial Through-Silicon Vias mass tracking detectors for future Device particle physics Short, resolution, reduced 4 GAK in 65 nm CMOS particle physics experiments. X-ray - prototypes, and synchrotron Medium & material budget, higher integrated circuits imaging detectors for synchrotron reports radiation Long term data bandwidth, less power (D4.3) radiation experiments may also experiments consumption, no dead area. benefit from this technology.
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Demonstrated use of WP5 tools. Common DAQ system Concrete example to encourage Ease integration of Short, Publications, use HEP 5 GAK used in combined their use by other non-LC detectors - detector systems and Medium & of DAQ system experiments beam-tests (D5.6) in their tests, e.g. LHC upgrade starting up beam tests Long term developments Short term. Fabrication of full size The next generation of The CMOS devices with The progress made towards these lepton colliders and even HEP technology two design strategies: designs are the legacy of AIDA- Monolithic 6 GAK - hadron colliders will experiments and will be used small and large 2020, the advancement of sensors exploit the progress made beyond in some electrode devices monolithic devices in HEP. with these devices. LHC (D6.8) upgrades The results proved beyond Short term. expectations the potential The Studies of the Full size prototypes were fabricated of the technology. The HEP technology limitations of small and and studied before and after Monolithic 6 GAK - next generation of HEP experiments and will be used large electrode CMOS irradiation to explore the limits of sensors trackers will exploit the beyond in some devices (D6.8) the technology. path explored by AIDA- LHC 2020. upgrades In combination with Detectors for Develop tracking detectors for High Through Silicon Vias Device particle physics Short, Optimization of active Energy Physics and imaging developed in WP4, achieve 7 GAK Other prototypes, and synchrotron Medium & edge sensors (D7.2) detectors for synchrotron radiation detectors that can be tiled reports radiation Long term experiment seamlessly without dead experiments areas Detectors for Possible application in medical Decreased of the minimal particle physics Short, Development of LGAD physics (PET scans, etc) and low 7 GAK Other detectable energy from 8 Device prototypes and synchrotron Medium & sensors energy X-ray detection in to 3 keV radiation Long term synchrotron facilities experiments
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Baseline vertex technology for future Development of extremely hadron colliders in Device Short, Development of 3D radiation tolerant vertexing and Detector for 7 GAK Other combination with fast front prototypes, Medium and sensors tracking detector for HEP particle physics end ASICs could provide a reports long term experiments radiation hard timing technology WP8 Twiki pages, task 8.2 Review and development of key Develop techniques for large LAr Device prototypes techniques in large and Neutrino Short, detectors design such as the DUNE Design and construction of cryogenics detectors characterization oscillations and Medium & 10kton far detector modules large liquid argon detectors 8 GAK related to noble liquid - setups, produced astro-particle Long term for neutrino oscillations gases purification and during the R&D physics Exploiters: DUNE/protoDUNE and astro-particle physics monitoring, among which the experiments 2018-2026 collaboration largest prototype Deliverable D8.1 is the 6x6x6 m3 protoDUNE dual- phase detector WP8 Twiki pages, task 8.4 Review and development of key Develop techniques for large LAr Device prototypes techniques in large and Short, detectors design such as the DUNE Design and construction of Neutrino and cryogenics detectors characterization Medium & 10kton far detector modules large liquid argon detectors astro-particle 8 GAK related to particles - setups, produced Long term for neutrino oscillations physics ionization charge during the R&D Exploiters: DUNE/protoDUNE and astro-particle physics experiments readout in liquid argon among which the 2018-2026 collaboration largest prototype Deliverable D8.2 is the 6x6x6 m3 protoDUNE dual- phase detector
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WP8 Twiki pages, task 8.3 Review and development of key Develop techniques for large LAr Device prototypes techniques in large and Short, detectors design such as the DUNE Design and construction of Neutrino and cryogenics detectors characterization Medium & 10kton far detector modules large liquid argon detectors astro-particle 8 GAK related to scintillation - setups, produced Long term for neutrino oscillations physics light readout in liquid during the R&D Exploiters: DUNE/protoDUNE and astro-particle physics experiments argon among which the 2018-2026 collaboration largest prototype Deliverable D8.3 is the 6x6x6 m3 protoDUNE dual- phase detector WP8 Twiki pages, task 8.5 Review and development of key techniques in large Develop techniques for large LAr Device prototypes and Short, cryogenics detectors detectors design such as the DUNE Design and construction of Neutrino and characterization Medium & related to generation 10kton far detector modules large liquid argon detectors astro-particle 8 GAK - setups, produced Long term transport and for neutrino oscillations physics during the R&D application of very high Exploiters: DUNE/protoDUNE and astro-particle physics experiments among which the 2018-2026 voltages collaboration largest prototype is the 6x6x6 m3 Deliverable D8.4 protoDUNE dual- phase detector WP8 Twiki pages, Review and Develop techniques for compact task 8.6 development of magnetization schemes for neutrino Design and construction of Short, magnetization magnetized calorimeters Neutrino and detectors and large magnetization Device prototypes Medium & techniques for neutrino and large liquid argon astro-particle 8 GAK volumes for LAr detectors design; - such as Baby Long term experiments and large detectors for neutrino physics Mind which have cryogenics detectors oscillations and astro- experiments Exploiters:T2K and DUNE been operational 2018-2030 particle physics collaborations at CERN in Deliverable D8.5 2017), reports
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Definition of best suited production HEP Recommendation on Reliable production of techniques, including reliable Experiments technologies to be used ultra-light micro-channel Short methods for hydraulic connection. Production and ultra- 9 GAK for the production of - cooling devices in silicon, Medium & Will be used by HL-HLC and ILC techniques compact thermal micro-channel cooling suited for direct Long term detectors. management of devices (D9.3) application in use Can find application outside HEP electronics Methods for the Definition of best suited Simulation Availability of standard Simulation tools, HEP qualification and tools and measurement approach, reliable approaches for the measurement Experiments Short, characterization of state-of-the-art test facility dimensioning and techniques, and ultra- 9 GAK - Medium & cooling performances accessible, large experimental characterization of accessible test compact thermal Long term in mini and micro- database available. Will be used by compact thermal bench, large management of channels (D9.4) HL-HLC and ILC detectors. management devices database electronics Standard procedures Definition of standardized Execution of for the characterization measurement approaches for ultra- HEP Performance state-of-the-art and qualification of light detector support structures in Experiments Short, characterization and vibrational and 9 GAK ultra-light support the new distributed test facility, - and ultra-light Medium & qualification of new ultra- thermal (air- structures in the Oxford accessible to the community. Will support Long term light support structures cooled) distributed facility be used by HL-HLC and ILC structures measurements (MS99, D9.7) detectors. High-rate RPC detector Extension of the performance of Enhancement of HEP characterisation of Prototype and development Medium & 13 GAK RPC detectors towards much higher - experiments at the energy large-size RPC report and scientific Long term counting rates and luminosity frontier prototypes (D13.2) application RPC performance Applications in trigger and Gaseous results with eco- Overcoming the present difficulty particle identification Measurements detectors for Medium & 13 EUP friendly gases and use in RPC operation related to - systems in High-Energy and reports HEP Long term of recirculation gas environmental impact and Nuclear Physics experiments systems (MS93) Large-size prototype of Gaseous micro-RWELL (a detectors for large-size fully Enhancement of HEP Large size Development of MPGDs with rate HEP Medium & 13 GAK engineered and - experiments at the energy prototype and capabilities up to 10 MHz/ cm2 experiments, Long term validated prototype of and luminosity frontier report selected for the micro-RWELL) LHCb upgrade (D13.4)
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Sensors for Application requiring high Cherenkov Large size Prototype of a large- Validating, thanks to the large gain, gain, either for single imaging Short, prototypes, 13 GAK size high-gain MPGD MPGDs for the detection of single - photon detection or for applications, Medium & measurements and (D13.5) photoelectrons applications of social selected for Long term report interest COMPASS RICH Provide high resolution, hole-by- Complementary quality HEP hole gain map of GEM-type testing system for HEP experiments, Short, MPGD gain map hole- Device, prototype, 13 GAK detectors, to be used for QA - experiments involving adopted for Medium & by-hole (D13.8) report purposes in construction of HEP GEM-like gaseous ALICE TPC Long term detector systems detectors upgrade PCB development Engineering concept High precision using HDI-technology Making possible the read-out of enlarging the HEP Prototype and HEP Medium & 13 GAK and 3D-mounting of MPGDs with high channel density - application domain of report experiments, as Long term chips for MPGD for high space resolution MPGDs at ILC readout (MS94) Advanced calorimeter Production and test system with very high strategies for SiPM and Document established procedures Detectors for spatial granularity and time Device Short, silicon – based for the development, production accelerator- 14 GAK - resolution for improved prototypes, Medium & elements of highly and test of highly granular based HEP energy measurement, event reports Long term granular calorimeters calorimeter elements. experiments reconstruction and (D14.2) background rejection Electron beam welding Enables the reliable Document electron beam welding as a production construction of stainless Mechanical Short, sequences for the production of Demonstrators, 14 GAK technique for precise - steel structures with structures in Medium & stainless-steel absorber structures reports absorber structures stringent mechanical particle physics Long term with high mechanical precision. (D14.7) tolerance requirements. Set of test benches available for Detectors for Acceleration of material Test benches, new Test benches for novel European research groups, accelerator- Medium & 14 GAK - development for future scintillator fibre materials (D14.1) document properties of fibre based HEP Long term calorimeters materials, reports properties. experiments
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Document designs of data Highly granular Device Calorimeter Short, Compact electronic acquisition interfaces for highly 14 GAK - calorimeter systems with prototypes, systems in Medium & interfaces (D14.6) granular calorimeters with severe high channel density reports particle physics Long term space constraints. Allows finalisation of Establish system design, front-end current calorimeter Very compact silicon- Devices, ASIC Calorimeter Short, electronics and overall performance proposals and future 14 GAK based calorimeters - components, systems in Medium & of ultra-compact silicon-based development, establishes (D14.4) reports particle physics Long term calorimeters. ASIC solutions for silicon- based calorimeters Detectors for This will provide a large- Provision of a large-area tracking HEP Silicon strip reference area tracking telescope for Short, telescope for use both inside and Device experiments, 15 GAK tracker at DESY - use both inside and outside Medium & outside the PCMAG solenoid at the characterization nuclear and (D15.2) the PCMAG solenoid at Long term DESY II Test Beam facility particle physics, DESY. material science Detectors for Additional opportunities HEP Providing a second electron test Short, New Frascati beam line for detector Device experiments, 15 GAK beam line for users at the BTF in - Medium & (D15.4) characterization using low- characterization nuclear and Frascati Long term energy electron test beams particle physics, material science Detectors for Precise energy calibration HEP Generation of high energetic Short, Frascati photon tagging of calorimetry, study of the Device experiments, 15 GAK photons for detector tests at the - Medium & system (D15.5) response of detector to characterization nuclear and BTF in Frascati Long term high energetic photons particle physics, material science
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Detectors for The knowledge of the HEP existent test-beam facility experiments, infrastructures (online nuclear and Device CERN proton facility database) is of interest to particle physics, Short, Provide a new database for test- characterization & 15 GAK upgrade (extension of - the worldwide scientific material Medium & beam facility infrastructures Facility D15.6) community performing science, Long term Management experiments to assess the material performance of HEP processing, detectors. industrial application Detectors for Further enhance the Radiation-hard HEP Improves the key beam versatility and user Short, instrumentation for the Device experiments, 15 GAK - friendliness for testing Medium & CERN proton facility instrumentation of the CERN characterization nuclear and detectors at the IRRAD Long term (D15.7) Proton Irradiation facility (IRRAD) particle physics, facility material science Further enhance the Detectors for versatility and user GIF++ facility upgrade: HEP Simplification and application of friendliness for testing gas Short, tracker extension & Device experiments, 15 GAK new technologies to the testing of - detectors at the GIF++ Medium & augmented reality characterization nuclear and gas detectors at the GIF++ with cosmic muons and Long term demonstrator (D15.11) particle physics, improving the usage of AR material science techniques in HEP
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1.3 PROGRESS TOWARDS OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANT RESULTS The AIDA-2020 project, started in May 2015, aimed to advance particle physics detector technologies beyond current limits for the benefit of thousands of researchers participating in the LHC High- Luminosity Upgrade, linear collider efforts and future neutrino projects, and to enhance the coordination within the European detector community, leveraging EU and national resources. AIDA- 2020 brought together 38 partners from 19 countries and a number of partner organisations. In the 3rd and last reporting period, the contractual objectives were represented by 43 deliverables (and 1 delayed from the previous period) out of the total 81, and by 15 milestones (and 1 delayed from the previous period) out of the total 100. All the project deliverables and milestones have been achieved. WP2 (Innovation and outreach) implemented and coordinated the communication, dissemination and outreach, as well as the relations with industry and the innovation-oriented activities of the project. In the 3rd period, the main tools for internal and external communication, the intranet, public website and newsletter were maintained and kept up-to-date. One start-up company was created and collaboration agreements for the Proof-of-Concept projects were signed. The value propositions for micro-cooling in GEONEXT satellites were created and presented to adequate industries. WP3 (Advanced software) addressed the three main fields of software for HEP, namely Core Software, Simulation and Reconstruction. At the end of this period, all of the software tools implemented in the context of WP3 are actively used by one or more experiments and now have mostly reached the production phase. The geometry package VecGeom is routinely used by the CMS and other experiments in the simulation production with Geant4 and the BACH alignment toolkit is used by LHCb for real-time and test beam alignment. The DD4hep toolkit has become a common tool used by many experiments, including CMS and LHCb. The Pandora PFA toolkit is continuing to deliver excellent performance in the context of CLIC and ILC studies and is likely to become the standard reconstruction algorithm for the DUNE experiment. The advanced tracking tool ACTS and the EDM toolkit PODIO are currently integrated into the turnkey software stack that will be used by all future collider studies. The newly developed MarlinMT framework will allow to apply parallel event processing in the linear collider software ecosystem. WP4 (Micro-electronics and interconnections) achievements in Period 3 include the accomplishment of an extensive testing campaign of the 65 nm CMOS chip RD53A and the design of the full-scale (more than 4 cm2 area) pixel readout chips for ATLAS and CMS. The feasibility of TSV and the related processing steps in 100 nm-scale CMOS pixel readout integrated circuits was achieved through the excellent results obtained with FE-I4 chips. The fabrication of chips in 130 nm CMOS for the gaseous detectors and calorimeters in WP13 and WP14 for timing and calorimetric applications was also accomplished. The overall objective of WP5 (Data acquisition system for beam tests) was to provide a framework to allow multiple detectors to be linked together in a common beam test. All parts of the DAQ system, hardware and software are available for use individually or as a whole, having been tested with several detectors. The DAQ system has also been successfully used in beam tests with multiple detectors, thereby simplifying the detector integration and providing smoother data taking, as was intended, and in a larger community than originally envisaged. The improvement to the tools developed in WP5, carried out in the final year of the project, has allowed plans to continue to roll out EUDAQ2 and the AIDA-2020 TLU to be installed at beam-lines at DESY and CERN, replacing EUDAQ1 and EUDET TLU as the “standard” installation. WP6 (Novel high voltage and resistive CMOS sensors) aimed at developing new sensor concepts based on the CMOS technology. In the last reporting period, the activities concentrated on the study Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 28 / 147
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and characterization of various monolithic HV/HR-CMOS prototypes based on two designs that matured during the project: small and large electrode approaches. Several prototypes (like the ATLASpix, MALTA and Monopix families) were fabricated and studied before and after irradiation, yielding excellent results. WP7 (Advanced hybrid pixel detectors) goals during P3 were the characterization of the sensors produced in the common runs and the development of a TCAD radiation damage model. Regarding the sensor characterization, an important goal has been to establish the feasibility of employing small pitch (50×50 or 25×100 m2) single-electrode 3D sensor at HL-LHC neutron fluences. The possibility of achieving almost fully efficient edges in planar sensors, before irradiation and up to 15 2 fluences of 3x10 neq/cm was also demonstrated. LGAD sensor timing properties were investigated and better performance was found with 35 m thick devices with respect to the 50 m thick ones. The goals of WP8 (Large Scale Cryogenic Liquid Detectors) were to address key points for the design and realization of large cryogenic detectors at future neutrino beams. The activities were embedded in the test bench installations provided by the neutrino platform at CERN. Key technologies for purity monitoring, photo-detection and charge readout, e.g. by large electron multipliers (LEM), were reviewed, improved and tested thanks to the 3x1x1 m3 and 6x6x6 m3 liquid argon prototypes. The objective of WP9 (New Support Structures and Micro-channel cooling) was to tackle common challenges in the mechanical design of very low-mass tracking and vertexing detectors. In the reporting period, WP9 developed an experimental database on structural resistance of silicon plates to internal pressure built in embedded hydraulic devices. The available experimental facilities were extensively used to define reliable approaches to forecast the thermal performance of new microchannel devices. The completion of the distributed facility to characterise advanced low-mass support structures in terms of both mechanical and thermal performance with the launch in use of the new ventilation facility and of the new vibration facility for the determination of structural properties, was also achieved in this period. WP10 (Beam test facilities) included Transnational Access to the CERN PS&SPS accelerator test beam facilities and the DESY-II accelerator test beams. In the P3 reporting period, the DESY TA programme supported 9 groups with a total of 45 users, who for example studied characterization of RD53A-compatible 3D pixel sensors (for the innermost layers of the CMS inner tracker for the high- luminosity upgrade, project number AIDA-2020-DESY-2019-04). WP11 (Irradiation test facilities) provided Transnational Access to several irradiation facilities in Europe with proton, neutron, gamma ray and mixed field sources, as well as to large LET heavy ion irradiations. These facilities are located at Birmingham (UK), CERN (IRRAD and GIF++), JSI (Slovenia), KIT (Germany) and UCLouvain (Belgium) and have as main users the HL-LHC community. At the end of Period 3, all the irradiation facilities achieved the access units committed in Annex 1. WP12 (Detector characterisation facilities) included Transnational Access to two facilities for detector and system characterisation: RBI-AF (Croatia) and ITAINNOVA-EMClab (Spain), which for the first time offer detector radiation characterisation (RBI) and electro-magnetic noise characterisation (ITAINNOVA) to the particle physics community. Both facilities continued to support users in the third reporting period and altogether delivered more than 95% of the foreseen access units. The main objective of WP13 (Innovative Gaseous Detectors) was to develop and characterise resistive plate chambers (RPC) and micro-pattern gas detectors (MPGD) as well as the tools and procedure to support the detector development and their dissemination in the HEP experiments, also
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via the technological transfer for the production of gaseous detector components to industry. The WP13 activity in P3 followed the foreseen planning with minimum modifications. The expected R&D goals have been matched, the majority by M48, a limited number of them during the extension period (M49-M60). WP14 (Infrastructure for Advanced Calorimeters) aimed at unfolding synergies between the efforts to develop highly granular calorimeter systems for the LHC upgrades and future linear colliders. Test infrastructure for materials and active detector elements have been brought into operation and have provided results relevant for future hadron and lepton collider experiments in the area of novel fibre materials and scintillating tiles. Highly compact calorimeter technologies and manufacturing techniques for precise mechanical structures have been established. A number of activities, with the objective to enhance the services provided by European irradiation facilities and test beams at CERN, DESY and INFN-LNF, were advancing in WP15 (Upgrade of Beam and Irradiation Test Infrastructure): the construction of a new pixel beam telescope for CERN PS; the installation of a generic slow-control and monitoring system and of the silicon strip reference tracker at DESY-II Test Beam facility; the upgrade of several components (beam instrumentation, sample holders, cosmic trigger system, etc.) in both the CERN proton (IRRAD) and gamma (GIF++) irradiation facilities; the installation of a second beam line and the Photon Tagging components at INFN-LNF; and finally the development of a platform collecting key data on the Test Beam Facilities.
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1.4 EXPLANATION OF THE WORK CARRIED PER WP 8
WP1: Project management and coordination (MGT)
The objectives of this WP were to: manage and steer the whole project, monitor the scientific and technical progress in all WPs, ensure the contractual and administrative implementation, follow and report on the use of resources, prepare the periodic and final reports. The WP included one Task on project management and coordination. The scientific coordination of the project was carried out by a Project Management Team, including a Scientific Coordinator from DESY and two deputies from INFN and UOXF, respectively and an Administrative Manager from CERN. The Management Team was supported on a daily basis by the Project Coordination Office that is based at CERN.
Consortium management tasks and achievements In the 3rd reporting period, the Management Team prepared an amendment request to the European Commission for the extension of the project by 12 months. The extension was justified by the following reasons: ➢ enhancing the scope and impact of a number of deliverables; ➢ allowing the transnational access facilities to continue to provide access to their test beams in the framework of AIDA-2020 and therefore to compensate on delays in the delivery of foreseen access units; ➢ serving the European particle physics community up to April 2020. The amendment was approved and signed by the EC on 19 July 2018. Following this amendment, the EC launched a third amendment to the AIDA-2020 Grant Agreement in February 2019 to add two deliverable reports on the cumulative expenditure incurred by the beneficiaries in 2018 and 2019 due to the fact that the last reporting period was longer than 18 months. To monitor the scientific and technical progress in all WPs, the management team met with the Steering Committee every two months, where WP Coordinators reported at every other instance on the progress in their WP. In addition to Steering Committees, Annual Meetings were organised with all the participating institutes, consisting of WP and plenary meetings, and a meeting of the Governing Board. In the 3rd reporting period, two Annual Meetings were organised: • the 4th Annual Meeting at UOXF, held from 2-5 April 2019, attended by 97 participants, in conjunction with the Topical Workshop on “Future of Tracking” held from 1-2 April (60 participants). • The Final Meeting, foreseen at CSIC in Valencia, was finally held by videoconference from 28-30 April 2020 due to the COVID-19 crisis and was remotely attended by 89 participants. The members of the Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) attend the Annual Meetings, and the management team interacted closely with the SAP on their recommendations and follow-up.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, WP1 had two milestones to achieve: • MS101: 4th AIDA-2020 Annual meeting – ACHIEVED • MS100: AIDA-2020 Final meeting – ACHIEVED
8 The partners carrying out the work in each task are mentioned in the text or can be found in brackets.
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Project tracking and status Figure 4: Completion of deliverables and milestones.
Milestones were generally achieved on time with a few slight delays, which are mentioned in Section 3.1.
AIDA-2020 Deliverables
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Most of the deliverables were ready on time, apart from seven reports that have been delayed by more than 4 months. A justification for those delays is given in Section 3.1. Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 32 / 147
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Problems and solutions No particular problems occurred during the third reporting period.
Budget adjustments The following transfers of EC contribution between beneficiaries have been approved by the Governing Board in this reporting period: EC Allocated from Allocated Reason contribution to 3,000 € CERN AGH-UST To cover expenses connected to preparation of DAQ system for beam-test of the compact calorimeter. In particular for the design and production of PCB, components and dedicated FPGA boards. 14,000 € CERN UOXF To cover the local expenses for the 4th Annual Meeting and Topical Workshop at UOXF in April 2019. 7,000 € ULUND DESY For the assembly of the MCM-boards, carried out at DESY. 10,000 € CNRS CERN For the activity related to micro-channel cooling building blocks, carried out at CERN.
Change of tasks between beneficiaries No changes of tasks between beneficiaries were made during the third reporting period.
Changes in the consortium and/or legal status of beneficiaries No changes in the consortium and/or legal status of beneficiaries were made in the reporting period.
Coordination of activities between beneficiaries and synergies with other projects AIDA-2020 activities were embedded in large international particle physics projects and collaborations such as the large LHC experiments ATLAS, CMS and LHCb, the DUNE project at LBNF, studies on detectors at future accelerators like the ILC, CLIC and FCC, R&D collaborations, namely RD50, RD51, RD53 and CALICE. Most Work Packages encompassed participation from several of these communities and such provided a unique forum to foster exchange and unfold synergies in the execution of common projects.
Project meetings The project meetings of AIDA-2020 are registered on Indico. The meetings that took place during the reporting period are outlined in Annex 1.
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WP2: Innovation and outreach (NA1)
The main objectives of this WP were (i) to coordinate the technology transfer (TT) from and among the different WPs, (ii) to disseminate the technological developments of AIDA-2020 to industry through dedicated workshops, (iii) to identify key technologies for pre-industrial development and validation, (iv) to explore the technical feasibility and the production by industry of large area silicon detectors for HEP experiments, (v) to communicate all results of AIDA-2020 to the community and the general public. The WP included 5 tasks: • Task 2.1 Scientific coordination • Task 2.2 Communication, dissemination and outreach • Task 2.3 Industrial relations and technology transfer • Task 2.4 Management of the Proof-of-Concept (PoC) fund • Task 2.5 Pre-industrialisation of large area silicon detectors
Task 2.1: Scientific coordination
The main activity of the coordination task in this period was the follow-up of the projects funded by the Proof-of-Concept, and ensuring a good communication about their results, in coordination with Task 2.2 and Task 2.3. In parallel, the coordination task ensured the project progress and Work Package activities were well documented on the project website9, under the WP responsibility. The coordination task also coordinated the reporting activities of the Work Package with the task leaders.
Task 2.2: Communication, dissemination and outreach
From May 2018 to April 2020, the communication, dissemination and outreach activities of AIDA- 2020 were focused on audience-targeted activities aimed at giving visibility to the project and its main results. On Track was used to reach the project community, researchers and industry. The project was highlighted in an H2020 campaign in December 2018, aimed at a community of decision- makers, industry, and a broad representation of scientists. In summary, a large part of the activities was related to the production of On Track10, the optimisation of the project’s channels, and the occasional content creation. An example of the latter is the poster for the AIDA-2020 4th Annual Meeting, shared in the event page11 and printed for distribution by the project partners. The main project platform is the website. In November 2018, it was updated with information related to the projects funded by the AIDA-2020 Proof-of-Concept (Figure 1.) In total, the website was visited by 44,571 different users, with a total of 1,755,757 visits, so a single user visited the website multiple times. In 2019, the newsletter was the sixth most visited page for most of the year. The second major project platform is indeed the newsletter. On Track has grown to 493 subscribers. In total, 15 issues were sent, five issues since May 2018, with 26 articles written and edited by the editorial team, representing all Work Packages in AIDA- Figure 5: Screenshot of the Proof-of- 2020. An analysis of On Track’s performance, provided by the Concept page, taken in April 2019.
9 Project website: http://cern.ch/aida2020 10 Newsletter page: http://aida2020.web.cern.ch/content/newsletter 11 Event page: https://indico.cern.ch/event/773447/ Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 34 / 147
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newsletter email platform, shows the great engagement of the subscribers. Nearly half of the subscribers open the email newsletter in every issue, and 10 to 20% click on the news articles. These numbers are well above the expected average as determined by the platform; and they are in line with similar newsletters produced at CERN, namely the highly successful Knowledge Transfer Group newsletter12 (723 subscribers), sent through the same platform in the relevant period. At the end of Year 5, a set of recommendations were made for On Track, based on Accelerating News13, a newsletter produced by the EU Projects Office at CERN: 1. Grow On Track beyond AIDA-2020 into future projects; a. Conduct a reader’s survey to understand the community information needs. 2. Update the template with easy-to-use forwarding and feedback links. 3. Create a network to provide content and liaise with authors in partner organisations. 4. Make use of partners’ social media to communicate strategic articles and content. 5. Define an evaluation methodology to inform future communications. Finally, two other platforms have been used to communicate AIDA-2020 activities. A social media featuring AIDA-2020 went live on December 2018 on Twitter. Essentially, it provided the key messages that served as basis for a news piece, later featured on H2020 Twitter14, together with one of the project Transnational Access Videos, from ITAINNOVA, currently with 130 views. The two tweets reached over 15,000 people and engaged 150, with an engagement rate of 0.9%, which is the usual score for this social media channel. In addition, a news article will be published in June 2020 in the magazine Innovation Platform15. Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 2.2 had one deliverable to submit: • D2.5: Use of AIDA-2020 results - ACHIEVED
Task 2.3: Industrial relations and technology transfer
The main activity of Task 2.3 during the reporting period was to prepare the value propositions. The goal of the value propositions, in conjunction with deliverable D2.1 – Key Technological Areas16, was to identify the unique AIDA-2020 developments in collaboration with industries, and to publicise them through the website. One meeting was organised by the CERN Knowledge Transfer Group at CERN to present the micro- cooling activities and future applications around GEONEXT satellites to AIRBUS D&S. Discussions are on-going.
Task 2.4: Management of the Proof-of-Concept (PoC) fund
The main objective of Task 2.4 (CERN) was the follow-up of the three PoC projects. The projects were:
12 Newsletter page: https://kt.cern/newsletter 13 Newsletter page: https://kt.cern/newsletter 14 Twitter Update: https://twitter.com/EU_H2020/status/1073251203428085761 15 Magazine page: https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/the-innovation-platform/ 16 Deliverable Report: https://cds.cern.ch/record/2228626
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• Silicon‐based Microdosimetry System for Advanced Radiation Therapies, proposed by Instituto de Microelectronica de Barcelona. The project aimed to develop a tool optimised for a clinical setting using silicon microsensors and multi-channel read-out electronics for use in anti-cancer treatments. • Through Silicon Vias for Pixel Detectors, led by the University of Bonn, and partnering with Fraunhofer IZM. The project planned to demonstrate the feasibility of very thin readout chips with via-last Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) in hybrid-pixel detectors. • RaDoM, led by CERN in conjunction with Politecnico di Milano, Mi.am. This project aimed to develop new hardware and software for combatting the health risks of radon under the requirements of the Swiss “National Action Plan concerning Radio 2012-2020”. These projects were closely followed up by WP2 to realize their full impact potential and to demonstrate the direct societal benefits deriving from AIDA-2020 (D2.4). The three projects were well managed by the institutes and followed their schedule. Instituto de Microelectronica already signed an agreement to sell the “Silicon‐based Microdosimetry System”. CERN signed a licence agreement with the CERN Spin-off company BAQ (https://www.baqlab.com/) to develop and sell the Radon dose monitoring system.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 2.4 had one deliverable to submit: • D2.4: PoC projects assessment (final review and perspective of PoC supported projects) – ACHIEVED
Task 2.5: Pre-industrialisation of large area silicon detectors
Within Task 2.5, the industrialization of large are silicon detectors for HEP experiments was pursued. Manufacturing such kinds of particle detectors is a challenging task, although their production processes are similar to the ones used in the production of integrated electronic circuits (“chips”). In the past, only a few vendors were capable of producing sensors of the needed quality and have only provided low production volumes. The only producer for high-quality larger volume productions was a Japanese company. Within this task, a Market survey was performed to identify possible alternative vendors. This market survey was intended to find possible producers of the strip sensors for the Phase-II Upgrades of the Trackers of the ATLAS and CMS experiments, respectively. The result of this market survey was documented in Milestone MS3017. Eight companies replied to the market survey in total, five of which European. Because of prior contacts and interest from both sides, a bottom-up-collaboration was started with physicists and engineers from the European semiconductor company Infineon Technologies, which was established as a formal R&D project later on. The work was shared such that within the project the sensor design was provided to the company and testing of the produced sensors was performed.
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Several production runs of silicon sensors have been performed within the project for CMS18 and ATLAS19. After re-evaluation of the business case at Infineon the management decided in summer 2018 to stop further research and development on sensors for the upgrades of the LHC experiments. With this unfortunate decision the goal to establish in this project a lasting relationship with a partner in European semiconductor industry had to be abandoned, nevertheless the mutual understanding built up in the common work will be instrumental in future collaborations between academic and industrial partners. The Japanese company Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK) was the only remaining competitor in the Market Survey. Thus, intensive discussions and negotiations started with that company which concluded on 23 August 2019, when CERN and HPK signed a contract for the delivery of more than 70,000 silicon sensors for the ATLAS and CMS experiments20. Eventually, most of the work in the task was focussed on defining the acceptance criteria and testing the last prototypes and first pre-series sensors from that vendor.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 2.5 had one deliverable to submit: • D2.3: Identification of companies (production capabilities including evaluation of possible samples and prototypes) – ACHIEVED
18 Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A 924, 21 April 2019 (DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.06.069) 19 Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A 969 (2020) 163971 (DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.163971) 20https://procurement.web.cern.ch/en/announcement/cern-signs-three-contracts-with-hamamatsu-photonics-for-atlas- and-cms-hl-lhc-upgrades Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 37 / 147
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WP3: Advanced software (NA2)
This WP addressed the three main fields of software for HEP, namely Core Software, Simulation and Reconstruction. The first three tasks aimed at providing basic tools like geometry description packages or Event Data Models (EDM) that are needed for the simulation and reconstruction. The fourth task was directly focussed on the simulation and provided a flexible framework that can be used for the implementation of specific detector simulation applications. Finally, the last two tasks dealt with advanced tracking tools and reconstruction algorithms (PFA). The WP included 7 tasks: • Task 3.1 Scientific coordination • Task 3.2 Detector Description for HEP (DD4hep) and Unified Solids (USolids) extensions • Task 3.3 Alignment and conditions data (test beam) • Task 3.4 Event Data Model (EDM) toolkit and framework extensions • Task 3.5 DDG4 (Detector Description Geant 4): Geant4 based simulation toolkit • Task 3.6 Advanced Tracking Tools • Task 3.7 Advanced particle flow algorithms
Task 3.1: Scientific coordination
The scientific coordination activity continued to ensure good communication and exchange of information between the participants of the working group. The monthly phone meetings (https://indico.cern.ch/category/6370/) took place regularly with reports from all the partners. In addition to that, Advanced Software sessions were organized at the two Annual Meetings that happened during this reporting period. The WP coordinators ensured that all the Milestones and Deliverables for the different tasks of the work package were achieved on time.
Task 3.2: DD4hep and USolids extensions
DD4hep and DDG4 As DD4hep and DDG4 were already used in production in P2, the activities in the third period by CERN and DESY were focused on consolidation and user support including the implementation of missing features. The user community of DD4hep continued to increase and now contains ILC, CLIC, FCC, CEPC, SCTF, EIC as well as LHCb and CMS. Most of them were also actively using the simulation component DDG4. A particular challenge was the move of the CMS geometry description to DD4hep as shown in Figure 6: Left: The CMS detector implemented in DD4hep. Right: An example of a tessellated volume imported into DD4hep. (left). CMS will use DD4hep after the upgrade during the Run4 long shutdown. The new DD4hep clients triggered a number of developments described below:
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Figure 6: Left: The CMS detector implemented in DD4hep. Right: An example of a tessellated volume imported into DD4hep.
Optical Surfaces and extended Material Constants Detector technologies, that involve the simulation of physics at an energy scale of optical photons require the description of surfaces as boundaries of volumes together with well-defined sets of parameters which typically are not present in the geometry model. These parameters are later used by Geant4 during the simulation of particle collisions. DD4hep triggered the support of this mechanism in ROOT and automatically propagated them with DDG4 to the Geant4 surface descriptions. Some materials have specialized properties modeled as energy dependent quantities such as the absorption index. This newly introduced feature in the ROOT geometry description is interfaced to DD4hep and propagated via DDG4 to Geant4.
Reflection Shapes with Left-Handed Coordinates Pairs of endcap detectors in HEP can be either created by simply rotating a copy of the corresponding detector elements by 180o, as is done for the linear collider detectors, or by reflecting the detector element using a mirror transformation with a left-handed coordinate system. DD4hep now also supports such mirror transformations.
Additional Shapes Clients realizing specific detector designs required to interface the missing shapes provided by the ROOT geometry description. DD4hep implemented these interfaces including the translation to Geant4 via DDG4: • CutTube: A tube segment cut with 2 planes. • EightpointSolid: An arbitrary trapezoid with less than 8 vertices standing on two parallel planes perpendicular to Z axis. • TesselatedSolid: The DD4hep interface to a very recent ROOT development to describe arbitrary shapes using facets.
Tessellated solids opened a whole new world of applications: together with the Asset-Importer library shapes described by dozens of different Computer Aided Design formats can be included when describing detector shapes. Figure 6: Left: The CMS detector implemented in DD4hep. Right: An example of a tessellated volume imported into DD4hep. (right) shows an example of such an imported CAD shape.
Python 3 Compatibility DD4hep provides Python bindings for most of its core components via PyROOT, where additional glue code facilitates the use within Python programs. In order to facilitate the transition for users to Python 3 all Python code in DD4hep was made compatible with both Python versions. Clients are now able to use DD4hep independent if their software ecosystem is based on Python 2 or Python 3. USolids Extensions The VecGeom21 library has entered its third year of production; the last release 1.1.6, deployed last February, is now the reference version for use with the latest Geant4 release 10.6.p01. Many new features have been included in VecGeom by the CERN group in the last two years; the old USolids module has been removed after having been deprecated, and many consolidation fixes applied to several shapes, among which, the tessellated solid, the multi-union structure, together with
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optimisations of existing shapes thanks to the adoption of a new tessellated-section helper, shown in Figure 7. The set of supported primitives from the GDML schema has now been completed, by adding those shapes that were missing: a tetrahedron solid; a general triaxial ellipsoid with possible cut in Z, a cone with elliptical cross-section and a tube with elliptical cross-section. All shapes functionalities have been extended by adding the ability to generate polyhedral meshes for use with visualisation or debugging sessions for fast detection of defects in geometry setups due to volume overlaps. A first implementation of a dedicated GDML reader for persistency is also part of the new VecGeom release. A first study on interfacing the VecGeom navigation system with Geant4 has been performed and a prototype implementation of a navigator based on VecGeom has been realised with rather promising preliminary results, that are now validated. Since 2018 the CMS experiment uses VecGeom in their Monte Carlo simulation production with Geant4. The ATLAS experiment has also recently started validating VecGeom, in particular for the use of polygonal and polyhedral shapes used in their detector description.
Figure 7: Innovative vectorisation technique used in the implementation of the tessellated solid in VecGeom. Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 3.2 had one milestone to submit: • MS88: Integration of USolids extensions for vectorisation in Geant4, ROOT and Geant Vector Prototype – ACHIEVED
Task 3.3: Alignment and conditions data (test beam)
The UNIMAN group has continued the work on the alignment tools BACH and for LHCb throughout the third period. The software available in BACH has demonstrated its usefulness and applicability to real systems by being used to align several thousand datasets collected at the CERN test beam facilities. This input has been essential in guiding the design of detector systems to ensure that they can deliver the performance and radiation hardness required. The BACH alignment package is fully
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functional and can be used with DD4hep geometries to extract alignment conditions for telescope- like detectors. The correctness of the package has been verified using toy studies with a realistic geometry. This has been performed by simulating random misalignments and subsequently using the MILLEPEDE algorithm to calculate alignment corrections. This procedure is repeated many times to ensure the original position is recovered to within the expected resolution of the simulated detector. During long shutdown 2 of the LHC (2019-2020), LHCb is undergoing its first upgrade, with significant improvements made to all components of the detector, many of which will be replaced in their entirety. LHCb currently uses a custom detector description which is incompatible with multithreading and adding support would require significant development effort. DD4hep has been adopted. The full implementation both for the geometry and for the alignment parameters of the upgraded LHCb detector will be the first application of DD4hep for a large existing detector. The alignment preparations of the LHCb Upgrade are proceeding well within the Collaboration’s Real Time Analysis Project.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 3.3 had one milestone to submit: • MS89: Application of alignment toolkit to external tracker for PCMAG - ACHIEVED
Task 3.4: EDM toolkit and framework extensions
EDM Toolkit The EDM toolkit PODIO development by DESY and CERN has been finalized with important improvements and extensions introduced. In particular, two additional I/O implementations have been added: one is based on HDF5 and the other one uses SIO, a simple binary I/O library originally provided by LCIO. The latter exploits the possibility to store vectors of PODs (array-of-structs) directly. A benchmarking of the resulting I/O performance in comparison to the default ROOT I/O based on columnar storage is shown in Figure 8.
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Figure 8: Benchmarking for I/O performance of PODIO for ROOT and SIO on a Macbook with solid state disk and a standard PC running Ubuntu. The performance of LCIO is shown for comparison. While writing with ROOT is somewhat faster than with SIO, the reading performance is significantly better with SIO. ROOT again has slight advantages for file sizes, due to the better compression capabilities of columnar data. The recently started EDM4hep project, aiming at providing a standard EDM for future collider experiments in the context of the Turnkey-Software-Stack, has adopted PODIO as the underlying implementation tool, ensuring that PODIO will be widely used by the community after AIDA-2020. Framework Extensions Besides the development of an experiment-agnostic condition handling strategy in the context of the Gaudi framework, described in deliverable report (D3.5), the focus of the work by the DESY and CNRS-IJCLab group in this reporting period was on developing the MarlinMT framework with an event-level parallelism and fast parallel I/O together with a tool for the efficient creation and filling of histograms in parallel environments.
Figure 9: Left: Schematic view of the scheduler in MarlinMT. Right: Sequence diagram of the BookStore component for filling histograms.
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The development of the MarlinMT framework also triggered development in the LCIO library to re- factor the underlying I/O layer. The implementation of lazy event unpacking allows to delay uncompressing and event data decoding to the worker thread as shown in Figure 9 (left). This decreases the amount of sequential code and improves the application speed-up and scaling behaviour considerably. Accumulation of histogram statistics across the processing of HEP data batches can also be challenging in a multi-threaded environment. A solution to this problem is now provided with the BookStore component that is also reusable at the implementation level by many experiments. Parts of the work will be contributed to the ROOT toolkit. BookStore allows to transparently choose between having locked (and buffered) filling of single histograms or un-locked filling of copies that are merged before written to disk. A schematic view of this is shown in Figure 9 (right). Work is ongoing to port the existing reconstruction chain, used by the linear colliders, to the new MarlinMT framework.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 3.4 had two milestones and two deliverables to submit: • MS90: Application of Event Data Model toolkit with high performance I/O to Linear Collider – ACHIEVED • MS91: Integration of parallel algorithm scheduling mechanism in Gaudi, Marlin and PandoraPFA frameworks - ACHIEVED • D3.4: Event Data Model toolkit – ACHIEVED • D3.5: Parallel versions of event processing frameworks – ACHIEVED
Task 3.5: DDG4: Geant4 based simulation toolkit
The work carried out for DDG4 by CERN has been described above under Task 3.2.
Task 3.6: Advanced tracking tools
As described in earlier reports, the work on the advanced tracking tools shifted to contribute to the ACTS tracking toolkit that was released after the start of the project. In the previous reporting period, work by CNRS-IJCLab was ongoing to evaluate the numerical stability of the ACTS tracking toolkit using the Verrou dynamic instrumentation tool. This work has now been completed, and its main outcomes were presented at the CHEP 2018 conference. The software performance profile of the Belle 2 reconstruction was studied, which highlighted Geant4 geometry navigation as a CPU bottleneck. This provided an answer to the longstanding question of what could be a promising candidate for piecewise ACTS integration in Belle 2. Infrastructure work was also carried out to facilitate future Belle 2 performance profiling. The P3 reporting period saw significant micro-optimization work on some performance-sensitive ACTS components. The interpolated magnetic field map and the boundary checks used as part of surface intersection queries both saw large efficiency improvements, boosting their CPU performance by an order of magnitude in some scenarios, and some performance anomalies of Runge-Kutta propagation were investigated and understood. ACTS’ micro-benchmarking methodology was also improved by making component benchmarks easier to write, improving their output’s precision, and adding error bars for more objective performance comparisons.
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The previous work on packaging ACTS with the Spack HPC package manager was continued, and Spack is today an attractive alternative to manual dependency tracking and installation on Linux distributions which do not enjoy up-to-date pre-built binary packages of the HEP software stack. As the resource consumption of ACTS compilation was becoming problematic, an early look was taken at what could be causing its high CPU and memory usage using the internal profiling abilities of the clang compiler. This clarified that a large fraction of this overhead was caused by the Eigen linear algebra library’s use of expression templates. As the benefits of this performance optimization are unclear in the low-dimensional domain where ACTS operates, one future investigation to be done would be to wrap Eigen types into wrappers that enforce eager evaluation of linear algebra expressions, and see what the impact on compile-time and run-time performance would be. Finally, as the ACTS project recently enjoyed a large influx of new contributors in the area of software performance optimization, significant time was spent providing new project members with guidance and reviewing their work.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 3.6 had one deliverable to submit: • D3.7: Advanced Tracking tools – ACHIEVED
Task 3.7: Advanced particle flow algorithms
The work on advanced particle flow algorithms continued successfully in the last reporting period. UCAM worked on the Pandora project, focusing on the pattern recognition for fixed target LArTPC neutrino and test beam experiments such as MicroBooNE and ProtoDUNE-SP respectively. CERN adopted the Pandora LC pattern recognition for CLIC to fully exploit its discovery power. CNRS- LLR continued to work on the development of the ARBOR Particle Flow package, that is an alternative reconstruction for use at lepton colliders. A crucial step for Pandora to become the cornerstone for event reconstruction at DUNE is to provide the event reconstruction for the test-beam experiment ProtoDUNE. ProtoDUNE single-phase ran for seven weeks collecting test-beam data in early October 2018. ProtoDUNE ran at test-beam energies ranging from 1 to 7 GeV, which is the typical energy range of particles that are expected in the DUNE far detector. This means that ProtoDUNE provides the ideal test environment for ensuring Pandora is ready for DUNE. Since ProtoDUNE began collecting data, Pandora has been used as the primary event reconstruction software, meaning Pandora will form the basis for the initial physics results produced. Crucially in terms of the reconstruction, ProtoDUNE is a surface detector and so the algorithm chains targeting the reconstruction of test-beam particles and the identification/separation of cosmic rays are being thoroughly tested at the DUNE energy scale. Figure 10 shows the Pandora reconstruction output for a test beam interaction, in a dense cosmic ray background that was recorded by ProtoDUNE in early November 2018. A visual examination shows that the Pandora reconstruction is behaving well on this data, which is extremely encouraging. In the following weeks a further examination of ProtoDUNE data was pursued to demonstrate the quality of the Pandora reconstruction and to develop refinements to ensure its optimal behaviour.
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Figure 10: A 7 GeV pion interaction at ProtoDUNE- single-phase, reconstructed with PandoraPFA.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 3.7 had one milestone and one deliverable to submit: • MS92: Application of advanced Particle Flow algorithms to CMS and LBNE – ACHIEVED • D3.8: Advanced Particle Flow algorithms – ACHIEVED
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WP4 Micro-electronics and interconnections (NA3)
This WP focused on sharing expertise between the participants and unifying the readout design efforts for three HEP applications: 65 nm CMOS technology for future trackers, 130/180 nm technology for calorimeters/gas detectors, and interconnections between readout chips and pixel detectors. Post- processing of through-silicon via (TSV) in 65 nm CMOS wafers was also qualified by this WP. The WP included 4 tasks: • Task 4.1 Scientific coordination • Task 4.2 65 nm micro-electronics for tracking detectors • Task 4.3 130 nm micro-electronics for calorimeter/timing detectors • Task 4.4 Interconnections
Task 4.1: Scientific coordination
In the 3rd reporting period, the scientific coordination focused on completing the tests of the ASICs that constituted the main deliverables of this WP, and on the submission of improved and larger scale chips. The assessment of the results for TSV processing in pixel readout chips was also closely monitored.
Task 4.2: 65 nm micro-electronics
The main goal of this task was to accomplish the design and organize the fabrication of 65 nm CMOS chips for the readout of silicon pixel sensors developed by WP7. During the 3rd period of the project, WP4 participants (INFN, CERN, CNRS-CPPM, UBONN) focused on the extensive testing campaign that was carried out to understand the performance of the chip and to provide the basis for the design of the full-scale (more than 4 cm2 area) pixel readout chips for ATLAS and CMS. The RD53A chip was designed to demonstrate in a large format integrated circuit (about 2 cm2) the suitability of the 65 nm CMOS technology for the ATLAS and CMS pixel upgrades at the HL-LHC. In this application, the pixel readout chip has to deal with a 3 GHz/cm2 hit rate, and it has to operate at a minimum threshold of 600 e- and at an in-time effective threshold of 1200 e- at a power dissipation density lower than 1 W/cm2, with less than 10-6 noise hits for a detector capacitance of the order of 100 fF. The chip needs to also maintain acceptable performance after exposure to a 500 Mrad total ionizing dose. The RD53A chip is fully functional, and test results confirmed the expected performance. All the three analog front-end versions included in the chip can operate at a threshold lower than 1000 e-, and have a good performance in terms of noise, threshold dispersion, and time walk. The chip behavior is still good up after the exposure to a total ionizing dose of 500 Mrad, and the chip works acceptably up to 1 Grad. Several beam tests with planar and 3D pixel sensors were carried out, confirming that RD53A is compliant with the demanding specifications set by the ATLAS and CMS innermost tracking layers at HL-LHC. As an example of test results, Figure 11 shows the hit efficiency S-curves for the sub-matrix with the Linear front-end obtained after a tuning carried out at a threshold close to 1000 e-. Similar results have been obtained for the Synchronous and the Differential front-ends. The main analog performance parameters can be directly derived from S-curves data fitting. The threshold values obtained from the S-curve fits are shown in Figure 11. A Gaussian distribution is fit to the data to obtain the mean threshold and the threshold dispersion for the pixels with the Linear front-end. In this example, the mean threshold is slightly smaller than 1000 electrons, with a threshold dispersion
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around 50 electrons. The noise performance is evaluated in terms of the equivalent noise charge (ENC), whose distribution is shown in Figure 12 for the Linear FE channels. A mean value of 67 electrons was obtained in this test.
Figure 11: Hit efficiency curves for all the pixel readout cells with the linear Front-End (FE) in the RD53A chip after tuning at a threshold of about 1000 electrons.
Figure 12: Threshold distribution after tuning at a threshold of about 1000 electrons (on the left) and noise distribution (on the right) for the linear Front-End (FE) in the RD53A chip. Design work was then focused on the next 65 nm CMOS chip generation RD53B, which will provide full-scale prototypes (about 4 cm2) to the ATLAS and CMS experiments. After a very detailed review process, ATLAS chose the differential while CMS opted for the linear analog front-end. The chips for the two experiments will be based on the same architecture, slightly differing in their size because of the different geometry of the two pixel detectors. Additional features and improvements in the analog and digital blocks will be implemented to enhance the performance and flexibility of the final chips beyond what was achieved for the RD53A. The ATLAS version of the chip was submitted in March 2020 while the CMS chip is scheduled for submission in summer 2020. This is a major achievement for an activity that was very effectively supported by AIDA-2020. Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 4.2 had one milestone to submit: • MS95: Test report of deliverable D4.1 – ACHIEVED
Task 4.3: SiGe 130/180 nm micro-electronics
Task 4.3 targeted high speed, low noise, large dynamic range ASICs for calorimeter readout and high- speed timing measurements. SiGe was successfully used in the past and WP4 needed to evaluate a
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130 nm process to improve the digital performance. After extensive simulations of SiGe and CMOS processes, the TSMC 130 nm CMOS process was chosen (MS13). This task allowed for a very effective sharing of the expertise between the different partners: CNRS- IPNL, CNRS-OMEGA, DESY, AGH-UST. The task also aimed at providing readout chips for the other work packages, in particular calorimeters (WP14) and gas detectors (WP13). After the fabrication and characterization of two test vehicles in the first period, the complete 32- channel calorimeter readout chip, HGCROC, was fabricated. This constituted the deliverable for the task (D4.2). The chip was successfully tested and used in high granularity imaging calorimeter prototypes, as described in the deliverable report. In the third reporting period, the collaboration built on the blocks already designed and submitted an engineering run with several advanced chips: • Chips for “imaging” calorimetry: HGCROC(OMEGA, AGH, CEA, CERN), FLAME (AGH), and CATIA (CEA) • Chips for picosecond timing: ALTIROC (OMEGA, IFAE, SLAC, SMU) The chips occupied a full reticle (see Figure 13), which could be shared between the different participants, leading to a very cost-effective production. Twelve wafers were produced, providing hundreds of chips, which were used to equip detector prototypes and perform test beam measurements. These chips exhibited excellent performance and the results of the tests were presented in international conferences.
chip resp exp HGCROC2 OMEGA CMS HGCROC2A OMEGA CMS H2GCROC2 OMEGA CMS H2GCROC2A OMEGA CMS LIROC0 OMEGA R&D MAROC4 OMEGA VALO ALTIROC1_V2 OMEGA ATLAS FLAME_V1 AGH ILC DRAM_V2 CERN CMS DRAM_V3 CERN CMS CATIA_V1 IRFU CMS ALTIC LPCF ATLAS LOGIC130 LPCF ATLAS SM_TID CERN IRRAD Figure 13: Engineering run in TSMC130n providing readout chips for the various detector prototypes
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 4.3 had one milestone to submit: • MS96: Test report of deliverable D4.2 : ACHIEVED
Task 4.4: Interconnections
The main goal of Task 4.4 was to accomplish a connection to the backside of nanoscale CMOS chips by using through-silicon vias (TSVs) across the substrate. The original plan of the project envisaged the possibility of performing TSV processing steps on the large-scale pixel readout chip RD53A. However, very good results were achieved on the 130 nm FE-I4 chip with one of the two technology vendors selected in a previous stage of the project (MS23). The team at the University of Bonn (UBONN) was able to accomplish the goals of the TSV project with the Fraunhofer IZM technology. Besides maintaining the performance of CMOS readout chips after TSV processing, these goals included achieving a high yield (≥ 80%) on thinned wafers (down
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to 80 µm) and performing a reliable flip-chip procedure to connect FE-I4 chips to pixel sensors. Measured values of TSV resistance (about 15 mΩ for individual TSV) and capacitance (about 40 fF in a first wafer and about 120 fF in a second one) appear adequate for peripheral TSV, also in the case of I/O digital lines operated at a moderate frequency (160 Mb/s). FE-I4 chips successfully processed with TSV worked well, with a performance in terms of noise, threshold dispersion, and data transmission similar to standard FE-I4 chips. On average, at 2000 electrons threshold an Equivalent Noise Charge of 120 e rms was measured in chips with TSV. Figure 14 shows images of FE-I4 chips successfully processed with TSV and two different types of backside Redistribution Layer (RDL): the first one copies the wire bonding pad frame using the same material (Cu) used for TSV filling, the second one is based on a 2-layer structure to connect all wire bonding pads used for analog and digital power supply distribution. Modules with pixel sensors bump-bonded to FE-I4 chips were also built and successfully tested. A cross section of such a module is shown in Figure 15. Very good bump connectivity was detected, and the modules were able to operate at a 1650 electrons threshold with an ENC of 180 e rms (with an increase with respect to bare chips because of the capacitance of pixels in the sensor) and a threshold dispersion smaller than 40 e rms. The excellent results achieved by UBONN with pixel modules and FE-I4 chips provided a demonstration of the feasibility of TSV and the related processing steps in 100 nm-scale CMOS pixel readout chips. These results can be the basis for future designs of advanced pixel detector modules using nanoscale CMOS readout chips, where TSV technology is used to improve the detector performance in terms of reduced material budget, increased active area, and improvement of assembly and handling. The extension of this study to 65 nm CMOS wafers was deemed to be unnecessary, considering that the 130 nm CMOS technology and the 65 nm one are very similar as far as TSV processing is concerned.
Figure 14: Images of FE-I4 chips with TSV and two different backside RDL.
Figure 15: Cross section of a module with 80 μm thick ATLAS FE-I4 readout chip with TSV etched from the backside.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 4.4 had one milestone and one deliverable to submit: • MS97: Test report of deliverable D4.3 – ACHIEVED • D4.3: Through Silicon Vias production – ACHIEVED Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 49 / 147
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WP5: Data acquisition system for beam tests (NA4)
This WP has provided a collaborative framework for implementing a common data acquisition (DAQ) system for use by Linear Collider detectors in beam tests to characterise their properties and interplay. The common software provides a central run control system that allows the detectors to work in unison, such as providing configuration data. Such a common DAQ system provides a key infrastructure enabling more and higher quality science to be performed in the area of Linear Collider detector R&D. Any other detector, which fits to the technical specifications of rate and bandwidth, can in principle also make use of this system; the hardware designs, firmware and software are freely available. The WP included 5 tasks: • Task 5.1 Scientific coordination • Task 5.2 Interface, synchronisation and control of multiple-detector systems • Task 5.3 Development of central DAQ software and run control system • Task 5.4 Development of data quality and slow control monitoring • Task 5.5 Event model for combined DAQ
Task 5.1: Scientific coordination
All WP deliverables and milestones were achieved by the end of the project. The frequency of formal meetings diminished during the final year, but the WP continued to meet, either in small local meetings, or by remote connection. Communication with other AIDA-2020 WPs, principally WP3, WP14 and WP15, has continued as well as with the global community through presentations at conferences and workshops.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 5.1 had one deliverable to submit: • D5.6: Common DAQ system used in combined beam tests – ACHIEVED
Task 5.2: Interface, synchronisation and control of multiple-detector systems
The AIDA-2020 Trigger/Timing Logic Unit (TLU) continues to be the core hardware component of the common DAQ system and distributes signals to detectors in beam tests. The TLU was originally designed within the EUDET and AIDA projects with the EUDET pixel beam telescope in mind. The AIDA-2020 TLU has been extended to be able to synchronise different detectors with differing trigger and readout schemes, such as the CALICE calorimeters, other pixel detectors and tracking devices, as well as being able to operate at a higher particle flux. Therefore, data from different detectors corresponding to the same particle in a test beam can be combined. A detailed description of the TLU was published in an open access journal (JINST,14(2019),P09019) and details of the firmware and hardware are available at https://ohwr.org/project/fmc-mtlu, on the CERN supported OHWR website. The firmware is available as “Open Source” and the hardware design files are available as “Open Hardware”. Design of the AIDA-2020 TLU hardware and firmware was done at the University of Bristol. Integration of the AIDA-TLU with the EUDAQ2 framework was done at DESY and Bristol.
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The production of a further batch of AIDA-2020 TLUs is being organized by DESY. The TLU has found application outside the AIDA-2020 community, being used as a key part of the timing and synchronization system of the ProtoDUNE-SP prototype for the DUNE neutrino detector (Figure 16).
Figure 16: Photograph of the AIDA-2020 TLU
Task 5.3: Development of central DAQ software and run control system Figure 17: AIDA-2020 TLU being installed at ProtoDUNE-SP
The EUDAQ software was originally developed as part of the EUDET and AIDA projects for the EUDET pixel beam telescope. EUDAQ had been written as a data acquisition framework for detectors using a beam telescope based on continuously integrating pixel sensors (see Performance of the EUDET-type beam telescopes, EPJ Tech.Instrum. 3 (2016) 1, 7). During the period of AIDA and AIDA-2020 projects EUDAQ was systematically overhauled to minimize the assumptions made about the detector technology and synchronisation hardware used. This new version, EUDAQ2, is available, which is a more generic package and is not linked to a given piece of hardware. The software supports detectors with different trigger schemes and different readout speeds. The EUDAQ2 software therefore enables combined beam tests of very different detectors to be performed. As part of the EUDAQ2 development and in consultation with users, the final state machine and run control were updated to add extra functionality. The EUDAQ2 software is used as standard by the CALICE AHCAL group and they have used it in beam tests in combination with other detectors such as a beam telescope and TLU. The EUDAQ2 software has also been used in beam tests for testing prototypes modules of the upgrade of the ATLAS inner tracker. It has also been used without the TLU, for example in combined CMS HGCAL / CALICE AHCAL beam-tests. EUDAQ2 is officially released; the source code and extensive manual can be downloaded from the dedicated software webpage (http://eudaq.github.io).
Task 5.4: Development of data quality and slow control monitoring
The monitoring software, DQM4HEP, had originally been developed as a stand-alone monitoring system and has been adopted and integrated into the AIDA-2020 DAQ tools. It can be used for data quality monitoring (DQM) and slow control monitoring. The software aims to be generic and provides Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 51 / 147
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a framework for users to produce plots which are then displayed, making it highly flexible. The write- up on DQM4HEP (MS67) outlines the general concept of the software as well as providing details for its use. The software has already been successfully used in common beam tests by the AHCAL in combination with the beam telescope and the SDHCAL in combination with the SiW-ECAL (silicon– tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter). Figure 18 shows example plots from these tests. Conference proceedings describing this work have been published [Proc IEEE NSS, DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532593 . The adaptation of DQM4HEP to the AIDA-2020 environment was carried out by CNRS-INPL, DESY and the University of Sussex. DQM4HEP has been released to the community; the source code and other information can be downloaded from the dedicated software webpage (https://github.com/DQM4HEP).
Figure 18: Plot showing correction between Pixel Figure 19: Hit-maps from Calice SDHCAL. Telescope tracks position and Calice AHCAL prototype.
Task 5.5: Event model for combined DAQ
The event data model used in EUDAQ had to be revised for EUDAQ2 in order to permit detectors with different integration periods to be operated together. Figure 18 shows an example of data taken in a system of detectors with different integration times. The work on the event model is described in deliverable report D5.5 and milestone MS47. Like EUDAQ1, data are kept in EUDAQ2 as raw quantities with minimal processing, but the format allows the (optional) conversion to objects in the linear collider event data format LCIO, particularly useful for prototype detectors planned for the ILC. The event data model has been used within DQM4HEP to monitor data quality during an AHCAL combined beam test, thereby verifying the approach and the common nature of an event in both the major software programmes, EUDAQ2 and DQM4HEP. Work on the event model was carried out by CNRS-IJCLab and UCL.
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WP6: Novel high voltage and resistive CMOS sensors (NA5)
This WP implemented a networking activity for the exploration of an innovative tracking-detector technology based on active CMOS sensors. The participating groups from different projects collaborated through common sensor submissions in multi-project wafer runs and shared their expertise and resources for the simulation and evaluation of the sensors. The WP included 4 tasks: • Task 6.1 Scientific coordination • Task 6.2 Simulation • Task 6.3 Sensor development • Task 6.4 Hybridisation
Task 6.1: Scientific coordination
As part of the scientific coordination task, the WP6 management (KIT, UNILIV, IFAE) organized CMOS meetings by video conference which were attended by the participating institutes beyond the meetings in person carried out centrally by the project. During this last period of the WP6 activities, the meetings were dedicated to discussions on the results of the studies carried out with the different prototypes produced within the project.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 6.1 had one deliverable to submit: • D6.8: Final report on HV/ HR CMOS devices - ACHIEVED
Task 6.2: Simulation
TCAD and Geant4 simulations are important tools used in the design of CMOS sensors. The activities of Task 6.2 were finalized in the previous periods and were exploited in the last (P2 and P3) periods. The final report was also prepared in P3 (CNRS). Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 6.2 had one deliverable to submit: • D6.1: TCAD libraries – ACHIEVED
Task 6.3: Sensor development
Sensor development is the cornerstone of the WP6 activities. During this period, all the institutes working in this task (CEA, CNRS, KIT, UBONN, INFN, IFAE, STFC, UNIGLA, UNILIV and UoB) designed, submitted for fabrication at different foundries, and evaluated the performance of various depleted CMOS prototypes. Specifically, the investigation of full reticle size devices with small and large electrodes was carried out. This section summarizes the results obtained. The outcome of the work carried out during the previous periods resulted in the selection of the monolithic approach as the most promising for the technology. As mentioned above, Depleted monolithic CMOS sensors (DMAPS) have been designed and fabricated using two different approaches. In both types of devices, the electronics is integrated directly in the sensor substrate, embedded and shielded by multiple deep well implants. The two approaches are distinguished by the way the electronics is implemented. The first variant is called the large-electrode sensor in which the
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electronics is completely embedded in a large deep n-well which at the same time acts as a charge collection electrode. This “large electrode design” is realized in several technologies, like LFoundry 150 nm (the Monopix family) and in AMS/TSI 180nm (the ATLASpix family: KIT, IFAE, UNILIV). The second variant has a small charge-collecting electrode set spatially aside from the electronics. This “small electrode” design was realized, for example, at TowerJazz (MALTA and Monopix) and LFoundry (Monopix) (CEA, CNRS, UBONN, INFN). The radiation tolerance assessment of both variants, in terms of noise, timing performance and hit reconstruction efficiency showed that, in both 15 2 cases, good performance of the designs after 1×10 1 MeV neq/cm neutron irradiation can be 15 2 achieved. The large electrode design has been explored further, up to 2×10 neq/cm , and the preliminary results indicate that a good hit reconstruction efficiency is achieved. Thus, if the ultimate goal is radiation hardness, the large electrode approach is probably marginally better based on current results. On the other hand, the small electrode design offers less demands in terms of power. Also, 15 2 the latest results indicate that radiation hardness up to the level of 1×10 neq/cm can be obtained. Thus, the small electrode design, with the lower power dissipation, can be a favourable approach in moderate radiation hardness environments.
Figure 20: The ATLASPIX1 schematic pixel layout. The collection electrode is labeled DNTUB. The early encouraging of the large electrode approach results (which were already included in the P2 report) led to the design of follow-up prototypes. The ATLASPIX1 and MUPIX8 are large monolithic pixel sensors implemented in AMS aH18 process on different high resistivity substrates. The designs were based in isolated PMOS structures in deep p-wells (see Figure 20). The MUPIX8 has an area of 1 cm × 2 cm, 128×200 pixels of 80 μm × 81μm size. Zero suppressed signals (hits) are readout and transmitted via four digital links that operate at a rate of about 1.25-1.6 Gbit/s. The test system has been developed within the AIDA-2020 project. The ATLASPIX1 has been submitted in three versions, each with a matrix area of about 20 mm × 3 mm. Two chip versions have an un-triggered readout, while one version has a triggered readout. The ATLASPIX1 and the MUPIX8 prototypes have been characterized in detail (KIT, UNILIV). Detection efficiencies above 99% were measured. 2 After irradiation, of more than 100MRad and 1E15 neq/cm , the detection efficiency was still excellent (about 99%), while the time resolution was in the range 7 to 10ns (RMS). The results obtained with the large electrode design highlight the strengths of the approach. Achieving 2 excellent efficiency with monolithic devices after irradiation up to 1E15 neq/cm was not expected and demonstrates the advancement and potential of the technology.
Figure 21: Cross section of the TowerJazz 180 nm process. The collection electrode is indicated in the upper center of the figure. Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 54 / 147
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On the small electrode side (the typical layout is shown in Figure 21), the threshold achievable in the early prototypes (TJ-Monopix1 and MALTA) were of the order of 350 e- (600 e-) before (after) 15 2 irradiation (to 1×10 neq/cm ). The noise level before (after) irradiation was determined to be around 15 e- (25 e-). The hit detection efficiency before irradiation is about 97% but drops to 70% after irradiation. This was due to inefficient regions at the corners of the pixels. A subsequent iteration of the small electrode DMAPS (Mini-MALTA: UBONN, CNRS) implemented enlarged transistors and allowed the study of modified pixel layouts (n-gap and extra-deep p-well designs). These modifications improved the performance of the chip after irradiation. For example, the enlarged transistors led to smaller operational thresholds (200 e- versus 350 e-) and thus to better hit detection 15 2 efficiency. After 1×10 neq/cm neutron irradiation efficiencies of up to 98% were obtained. As a result of the HV/HR CMOS WP activities, critical progress was made in the understanding of the technology and its applications, which indubitably place monolithic CMOS sensors as the default option for moderate radiation hardness requirements in future experiments. Several future experiments (specially lepton colliders) are considering depleted monolithic sensors as their baseline (CEPC and ILC). At the same time, upgrades of the LHC experiments have selected or are considering DMAPS as the option for their future trackers (ALICE and LHCb). All these highlight the success of the activities of this work package.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 6.3 had two deliverables to submit: • D6.3: Performance characterisation results – ACHIEVED • D6.4: Radiation tolerance assessment – ACHIEVED
Task 6.4: Hybridisation
The aim of Task 6.4 is to develop assembly methods alternative to bump bonding for pairing high density pixel systems with their readout electronics. The simplification or removal of the bump- bonding step has important consequences for the affordability (cost) of large systems. At the beginning of the project, this was thought to be a critical advancement needed for the development of charge coupled depleted CMOS devices. However, as stated in the previous section, the progress made during the first period of the WP6 activities demonstrated that monolithic devices with moderate radiation hardness were possible, and this was in fact the most attractive (and cost effective) option for this technology. However, activities to improve capacitively coupled devices continued, with several techniques being explored. The hybridization activities were mostly completed in the previous period (IFAE) and in P3 only the final reports were prepared (INFN). The exception was the wafer-level packaging (WLP) activities (INFN). This technique consists in selecting known-good HV-CMOS sensors (AC coupled) to form a wafer or a larger multi-chip structure suitable to be coupled with single-chip R/O chips. WLP could also be used for other kinds of detectors. For instance, 3D sensors, where the relatively low yield does not allow to make tiles for multi-chip modules, WLP could be used to select known-good sensors and have perfect reassembled wafers. WLP could be cost-effective for bump-bonding where the expensive bump deposition is done on fewer wafers, each having only good sensors. First studies showed that the WLP process is a manufacturing friendly technology, but some process parameters need further optimization, such as the accuracy in the tiles positioning. However, important advancements in WLP were made to assure compatibility with silicon detector production. Small productions for future silicon tracking detectors may already profit from the WLP process, but not
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before having ascertained the functionality of the sensor and chip tiles obtained from wafers built with WLP. In conclusion, WLP turned out to be an attractive choice for various applications that need multi-chip and 3D system integration. Future tests of this technology will focus on its reliability enhancement to meet the technical requirements.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 6.4 had three deliverables to submit: • D6.5: Optimised interconnection process - ACHIEVED • D6.6: Assemblies delivered - ACHIEVED • D6.7: Recommendation for industrialization - ACHIEVED
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WP7: Advanced pixel detectors (NA6)
This WP defined technological guidelines for the production of advanced silicon pixel sensors for HEP tracking and timing applications. The work was implemented in a collaborative research/industrial framework and improved the access to a pool of specialised foundries. The WP included 5 tasks: • Task 7.1 Scientific coordination • Task 7.2 TCAD simulations • Task 7.3 Common process optimisation for hybrid pixel sensors • Task 7.4 Detector validation for tracking devices • Task 7.5 Detector validation for LGAD sensors
Task 7.1: Scientific coordination
In the P3 reporting period, the scientific coordination (UZH, CSIC-IFCA) has focused its efforts on the coordination of the characterization for the MPW runs. A relevant aspect has been the continuation of common WP7 beam tests at CERN-SPS. The collected data has been used also to validate the TCAD simulation of radiation damage. A face to face meeting was organized in Trento (Italy) in February 2019. Periodical Vidyo meetings have been also scheduled to tackle specific activities.
Task 7.2: TCAD simulations
Radiation Damage Model: A comprehensive TCAD radiation damage model, suitable for device-level simulations of silicon 16 2 radiation detectors operating at very high fluences (2×10 1 MeV neq/cm ), has been developed. The model combines radiation surface effects (oxide charge build-up and interface trap states formation) as well as radiation bulk effects (deep level traps and/or recombination centres creation). It has been developed by using experimental parameters extracted from measurements, aiming at the robustness and generality of the modelling scheme. The validation of the new modelling scheme has then been performed through comparison with measurements of different test-structures before and after irradiation. A dedicated laser-based test- stand for the benchmarking of the simulations on pad-like 3D sensors has been set-up (INFN- TRENTO). The deliverable report D7.4 contains detailed explanations on how to implement the radiation model in the Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD software, from the physics processes to the relevant values of the input parameters. Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 7.2 had one milestone and one deliverable to submit: • MS98: Validation radiation damage model with data comparison - ACHIEVED • D7.4: TCAD model radiation damage – ACHIEVED
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Task 7.3: Common process optimisation for hybrid pixel sensors
During P3 two common productions were completed: 3D and LGAD sensors at CSIC-CNM. These productions were characterized by the activities of Task 7.4. The CSIC-CNM production consisted of seven Si-on-Si wafers (10 cm in diameter), processed with an active (high-resistivity bulk) thickness of 150 m from a total physical thickness of 350 m. The 3D-PS sensors were manufactured using a single-sided n-in-p technology. The production was completed in February 2019. The manufacturing yield of the square 3D-PS 50×50 m2 sensors was of 79% (50 out of 63), for the 1E 25×100 m2 sensors the yield was of 50% (7 out of 14) and the 2E 25×100 m2 the yield was of 6% (4 of 63). This yield criterion was based on the electrical characterization (IV and CV) on wafer of each sensor before dicing. This electrical characterization was carried out on diodes and on RD53A compatible sensors using a temporary metal layer to bias them, the metal layer was removed after the testing (see Figure 22). On the selected sensors, the reverse current per pixel was below 25pA. The common WP7 run of LGAD sensors at CNM was also completed in February 2019. The active edge planar sensor production was delayed by the lack of suitable SOI wafers and by the COVID19 pandemic. The completion is foreseen for Summer 2020.
Figure 22: CV and IV characterization of diodes included in the IMB-CNM 3D manufacturing run to assess the quality of the production.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 7.3 had one milestone to submit: • MS87: MPW runs completion - ACHIEVED
Task 7.4: Detector validation for tracking devices
Active edge planar sensors: Beam tests analysis have been performed with the FBK 3D sensors of the AIDA-2020 common run. The production of 3D pixel sensors at FBK has been carried out on SOI and Si-Si Direct Wafer Bonding (DWB) wafers of 6-inch diameter with an active thickness of 130 m and a handle wafer 500 m thick.
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The focus of the studies was RD53A sensors with 50×50 or 25×100 m2 pitch, the latter being available in two versions with 1 (1E) or 2 (2E) read-out columns. These are the two pixel-cell form factors that are being considered for the new pixel systems of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at HL-LHC. While the 50×50 m2 and the 25×100 m2 (1E) designs are relatively easy with the considered technology, the 25×100 m2 (2E) design is quite challenging due to the bump-bonding pad, whose size cannot be significantly reduced. The situation is further complicated due to the bump pad configuration in the RD53A chip, which follows a 50×50 m2 regular pattern. The sensors were interconnected to the RD53A chip by flip-chipping at Fraunhofer IZM. The modules were irradiated at CERN-PS with a 24 GeV proton beam, which has a FWHM of 12 mm in 16 2 the x- and y-directions, at a nominal fluence of 10 neq/cm . Due to the non-homogeneity of the irradiation, the effect of different fluence values could be tested in the same module. A beam test was carried out at CERN-SPS with 60 and 120 GeV protons. Track reconstruction was performed using the AIDA telescope software framework. The hit efficiency for the irradiated module, with a pixel cell of 25×100 m2, at a bias voltage of 125 V, is shown in Figure 23 in the left plot, at three different fluence levels. The results are relative to a perpendicular incidence of the beam. Irradiated 3D-PS sensors were operated at a bias voltage of 125 V and a temperature of -36 °C. Figure 23 (right) shows the hit efficiency vs. the applied bias voltage 16 2 and it can be seen that already at 80V, for a fluence of 10 neq/cm , a hit efficiency above 96% can be achieved. Similar studies were conducted for a 50x50 µm2 pixel cell, with hit efficiencies above 16 2 97% at a bias voltage of 140 V and a fluence of 10 neq/cm .
Figure 23: Left: Cell map of the hit efficiency for a module of 25x100 µm2 pitch, in three fluence regions. Right: Hit efficiency versus applied bias voltage.
Figure 24 : Cell map of the hit efficiency at normal incidence for a module of 50x50µm2 pitch, at fluence levels of ~4x1015 neq/cm2, 8,5x1015 neq/cm2 and 1016 neq/cm2. The applied bias voltage is 140V. The hit efficiency observed is shown on top of the maps.
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Active edge planar sensors: Given the delays in the production of the WP7 common run of planar sensors with active edges, the results obtained with the previous prototyping run at FBK are reported. This production differs from the common WP7 run by the shape of the trenches. While in the final production these will have a continuous shape, in the first run the trenches are implemented with a staggered geometry (see Figure 24), as a sequence of 5 m wide and 40 m long individual units. This feature results in a less challenging post-processing of the wafers, during the etching of the mechanical wafer. The staggered trenches avoid the spontaneous separation of the devices from the main silicon slab when the back-thinning reaches the bottom of the trench at the wafer to wafer interface. As a drawback this design needs the implementation of a dicing line external to the trench position, leading to a wider inactive region at the periphery of the sensor. This production has been carried out at FBK on SOI and SiSi Direct Wafer Bonding (DWB) wafers of 6-inch diameter with an active thickness of 100 and 130 m. After the interconnection of the sensor to the ATLAS FE-I4 read-out chip, test beam studies have been performed at DESY with 4 GeV electrons before and after irradiation to a fluence of 3x1015 2 neq/cm . The most important requirement for active edge pixel detectors is to show that pixel efficiency is still significant in the region close to the sensor edge. The projected hit efficiency in the region of the trench for a module before irradiation is shown in Figure 25. The hit efficiency follows the structure of the staggered trenches and its value is still above 50% up to 44 µm from the last pixel.
(a) (b)
Figure 25: (a) 2-D projection of the hit efficiency close to trench region for a FE-I4 module before irradiation. The hit efficiency follows the structure of the trenches (represented as white rectangles). (b) Hit efficiency projected over the last pixel cell length. Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 7.4 had one deliverable to submit: • D7.7: Final pixel characterisation – ACHIEVED
Task 7.5: Detector validation for LGAD sensors
The common WP7 run of LGAD sensors at CNM was completed in February 2019. The devices included samples with a large-size detector (4×24 matrix, 1×3 mm2 pads) and active thickness of 45 and 35 µm. Small pad matrices have also been included with the baseline geometry (1.3×1.3 mm2 pads) foreseen for the ATLAS HGTD. Different widths of the JTE (Junction Terminating Extension), structures have been implemented, to improve the fill factor of LGAD sensors, by reducing the non- multiplying area between pads. The basic matrix has 63 µm as default distance between adjacent multiplication regions (the JTE is 15 µm wide, plus 14 µm from the JTE to the p-stop and the p-stop
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is 5 µm wide). Also, matrices with reduced inter pad distance (53 and 43 µm) have been implemented. These samples featured narrower JTE width (10 µm and 5 µm, respectively). Diodes of this production with different active thicknesses and gain were characterized. The observed reverse currents were several orders of magnitude above the values obtained in previous LGAD manufacturing runs at CNM. The reason for the large reverse current was found in the too narrow (or even inexistent) overlap between the JTE and the main implant n++. This was an indirect consequence of the redesigning of the pad periphery to reduce the no-gain area between pads. Fortunately, the large DC current did not prevent carrying out the gain and timing studies since in this case the readout of the signal is AC coupled suppressing the large DC component. The timing resolution has been measured on diodes of the common WP7 production, of 35 and 50 m thickness, with the following laboratory set-up. The diodes are wire bonded to two read-out boards (UCSC design) with a first stage timing amplifier. The signal is then amplified again with a 36 dB low noise high dynamic range three stage amplifier, and finally read by a fast oscilloscope (40 MS/s 4 GHz bandwidth). A time resolution of 25 ps has been achieved for the medium gain 35 μm thick sensors for a Constant Fraction Discriminator (CFD) cut of 35% (see Figure 26). On the other hand, the low gain sensors performances are worse because of the lower signal to noise ratio. Comparing the two pairs of sensors with the same doping but different thickness it is concluded that the thinner sensor reaches the working point at a lower bias voltage. The study on the radiation tolerance of the LGAD AIDA-2020 common run LGADs was carried out on single pad diodes with an active area of 1.3×1.3 mm2 with two active thicknesses: 35 m and 50 m. The diodes were irradiated with protons at the IRRAD CERN facility, five fluence steps were 13 2 delivered: 6, 10, 30, 100 and 300 (in units of 10 neq/cm ). For each thickness and fluence, two diodes were irradiated. The radiation-induced signal reduction was determined using a laser setup at the Solid State Detector Laboratory at CERN. The experimental stand consists of a picosecond infrared laser that illuminates the diode under study through a square aperture without metallization (optical window). The measurements were done at -20℃.
Figure 26: Results on the timing performance of the LGAD diodes with 35 and 50 μm thickness. On the top left picture, the time difference distribution for a CFD cut = 0.36.
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The measured signal amplitudes were normalized to the reference signal provided by non-irradiated PIN diodes identical to the LGADs under test, except for missing the p+ multiplication layer. The dependence of the signal with the bias voltage and the fluence step is shown in Figure 27. It can be noted how the 35 m thick sensors yield a higher charge after irradiation with respect to the 50 m ones.
Figure 27 LGAD signal dependence with the bias voltage for different fluences.
A new LGAD production at CNM has been completed (AIDAv2) to verify the problem with the high leakage current of the first run. The n+ layer has been enlarged to cover the p+ multiplication layer so that now the n+ layer and the JTE structure are overlapping. Preliminary measurements of the IV characteristics on wafer have shown low values of the leakage current, see Figure 28.
Wafer 2 10-4 DB22 -5 DB23 10 DB24 DB25 10-6 DB26 DB27 DB29 10-7 DB31 DB32 DB36 -8 Current(A) 10 Pin
10-9
10-10
10-11 0 20 40 60 80 100 Reverse Bias (V)
Figure 28: IV characteristics of AIDAv2 LGAD single diode detectors (1.3x1.3 mm2)
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 7.5 had one deliverable to submit: • D7.8: LGAD characterization – ACHIEVED
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WP8: Large scale cryogenic liquid detectors (NA7)
This WP fostered knowledge sharing and common tools in the neutrino community as regards state- of-the-art in very large cryogenic liquid detectors. The construction of liquid argon detectors at the 10 kton scale is an essential ingredient of the future international long-baseline neutrino program unifying the European and USA efforts. WP8 activities focussed on the most challenging aspects related to this detector development. The WP included 6 tasks: • Task 8.1 Scientific coordination • Task 8.2 Purification and monitoring • Task 8.3 Charge readout and double phase • Task 8.4 Light readout • Task 8.5 Very high voltage (VHV) • Task 8.6 Magnetization
Task 8.1: Scientific coordination
During the third reporting period, Task 8.1 completed the execution of the R&D activities of the various tasks by exploiting the available hardware resources and finalized the collection of the experimental results, eventually focusing on the preparation and completion of the deliverables. This work was based on the continuous contact of the WP Coordinators with the leaders of the different tasks within the WA105/ProtoDUNE-DP experiment and AIDA-2020. All the hardware infrastructures 3x1x1m3, 6x6x6m3 prototypes and Baby Mind (for the magnetization studies) were supported by the CERN neutrino platform. The tasks related to the design of large cryogenic detectors were strictly related to the international long-baseline project in the USA (DUNE experiment, foreseeing the design of very large liquid argon detectors at the 10 kton scale). The strengthening of the worldwide community, where the AIDA-2020 WP8 reviewing, networking and sharing activities have a very large impact, was further pursued during this period. The outcome of the reviewing activities and the R&D R&D results were documented on the dedicated wiki pages designed for the dissemination of the scientific content of the deliverables. A large (~60 pages) paper summarizing the 3x1x1 m3 operation experience, involving many WP8 tasks, was also published. Task 8.2: Purification and monitoring
Task 8.2 concerned the large size scaling of systems devoted to the assessment of the detector cryogenic operation conditions. The functionalities of these control systems include the assessment of liquid argon purity; the assessment of liquid argon temperature and of the temperature and pressure of the gas phase, resulting from liquid argon evaporation; the control of liquid level and the visual inspection of the detector conditions with cryogenic cameras located in both liquid and gas phases. These large cryogenic detectors imply as well the application of industrial techniques for the construction of their cryostats, based on the design of cryogenic tanks for LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) storage and transportation, which had never been applied so far to particle detectors. This networking activity, involving several institutions, under the coordination of UCL with main contributions by ETHZ and CERN, was regularly carried out by exploiting the infrastructure provided by the CERN neutrino platform. The 3x1x1 m3 prototype, built in the context of the neutrino platform activity at CERN, has been the first cryostat built with the LNG tanks design technology by GTT. This prototype provided in 2016 and 2017 the opportunity for benchmarking the technologies which
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were then scaled and implemented during P3 at larger scales. This scaling was first performed at the level of a larger neutrino platform prototype (the 6x6x6 m3), still built with the GTT technology and completed at CERN in 2019, and eventually to the 10 kton detector scale foreseen for DUNE, for which a Technical Design report was completed during P3 also on the basis of the information coming from the activities pursued by WP8. The groups involved in Task 8.2 could perform regular activities by exploiting this test infrastructure and in particular the one related to the 6x6x6 m3 prototype. Several techniques were investigated and further developed such as: • the control of temperature and pressures • the accurate monitoring of liquid argon levels • the cryostat purging by flushing gaseous argon and the related purity assessment • the purity assessment when operating the liquid phase • the implementation and operation of cryogenic cameras in order to visually inspect the detector operation conditions (see Figure 29).
Figure 29: View from a cryogenic camera operating operating in the gas phase for the monitoring of LAr surface and the Charge Readout Planes in the 6x6x6 m3 prototype. Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 8.2 had one deliverable to submit: • D8.1: Purification and monitoring - ACHIEVED Task 8.3: Charge readout and double phase
Task 8.3 focused on the aspects related to the implementation of the ionization charge readout techniques in liquefied noble gases in view of building massive detectors. The activities of this task continued during P3 covering the assessment of the dual-phase technique for charge readout based on the extraction of the ionization electrons from the liquid phase and their amplification in the gas phase with micro-pattern gas detectors operating in pure argon, without the use of quenching gas mixtures. Task 8.3 also covered the development of charge readout front-end cryogenic electronics
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and large scale digitization systems needed for building very large detectors. This networking activity, involving several institutions, under the coordination of CNRS-IPNL with main contributions by ETHZ, has been carried out by exploiting the infrastructure provided by the CERN neutrino platform. Task 8.3 exploited in 2016-2017, as a test bench application for these techniques, the 3x1x1 m3 WA105 prototype and since 2019 it benefited from the operation of the larger 6x6x6 m3 protoDUNE dual-phase prototype which allowed testing dual-phase charge readout planes of 3x3 m2, representing the readout granularity designed for a 10kton detector. For all the topics listed below, results were extracted from the 3x1x1 m3 and 6x6x6 m3 construction, integration, commissioning and operation: • Large Electron Multipliers (LEM) production/cleaning/tests procedures (also in collaboration with WP13) • LEM integration on large DP readout surfaces • Cryogenic DP accessible electronics • High bandwidth DAQ system for giant LAr detectors • Synchronization system for giant LAr detector The 3x1x1 m3 prototype allowed for a first operational experience, over several months, of a dual phase detector over a surface of 3 m2 and of the associated readout electronics and digitization system. This prototype provided the opportunity for benchmarking the technologies and the associated production QA/QC chains which were then scaled up, also using a dedicated cold-box benchmarking setup in 2018 (see Figure 30), and eventually implemented at the level of the larger 6x6x6 m3 protoDUNE dual-phase prototype, which started operating at CERN in August 2019 (Figure 31 reports some cosmic ray interactions recorded in the detector). These studies and prototyping activities contributed to the definition of the 10 kton far detector foreseen for DUNE, as documented in the DUNE Technical Design Report. They also completely validated the associated readout electronics design, mentioned in the last three bullets of the above list. Groups involved in Task 8.3 could perform regular work by exploiting the test infrastructure at CERN, including the cold-box and the 6x6x6 m3 prototype. Aspects related to the production and QA chain for the micro-pattern gas detector (LEM or Thick-GEM) have been synergic to the activity of WP13. Other aspects related to the PANDORA software for the events reconstruction were related to WP3.
2 Figure 31: Event displays of cosmic ray hadronic Figure 30: Cold-box characterization test of a 3x3 m 3 charge readout plane for the 6x6x6 m3 prototype, interactions acquired with the 6x6x6 m prototype. integrating 36 LEM detectors 50x50 cm2.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 8.3 had one deliverable to submit: • D8.2: Charge readout and double phase - ACHIEVED
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Task 8.4: Light readout
Task 8.4 dealt with the study and development of light readout techniques in noble liquefied gases. Activities during P3 continued to be pursued on the characterization of large photo- detectors for the readout of scintillation light in liquefied noble gases; large area wavelength-shifting techniques for cryogenic detectors readout and digitization techniques of the scintillation signals in liquefied noble gases. The goal was to assess the large size scaling of these systems for massive cryogenic detectors such as DUNE. The results of these activities eventually informed the DUNE Technical Design Report. This networking Figure 32: installation of the photon detection system of the activity, involving several institutions, under 6x6x6 prototype based on large size (8”) cryogenic the coordination of CIEMAT and main photomultipliers. contributions by IFAE, CNRS-APC and ETHZ was carried out within the framework of the infrastructure provided by the CERN neutrino platform. Task 8.4 exploited in 2016-2017, as a test bench application for many of these techniques, the 3x1x1 m3 WA105 prototype. Since 2018 Task 8.4 focused on the 6x6x6 m3 prototype (ProtoDUNE dual-phase), for which a complete system including 36 cryogenic photomultipliers was implemented and operated (see Figure 32). The activity included the QA chain and characterization of cryogenic photomultipliers; the test of different wavelength shifter coating techniques; the development of unified signal and HV connection for the readout and biasing of the photomultipliers. The deliverable was compiled by extracting results for the topics listed below from two activities: a) the 3x1x1 m3 prototype integration, commissioning and operation; b) the R&D, design, preparation activity and commissioning of the 6x6x6 m3 WA105- ProtoDUNE dual-phase detector. • Coating techniques for PMTs (direct TPB coating, plastic plate coating), uniformity assessment • Development of QA methods for PMTs testing • Digitization of light signals • Development of HV/signal unified cabling (comparison positive and negative bases) • Development of transparent cathode with TPB coating Specific results extracted from these activities, together with a general review on light readout methods and cryogenic photodetectors such as SiPM/PMTs, have been fully documented on the WP8 wiki pages.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 8.4 had one deliverable to submit: • D8.3: Light readout - ACHIEVED
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Task 8.5: Very high voltage (VHV)
Task 8.5 dealt with the safe generation and transport of high voltages equal or greater than 200 kV (DC) which are necessary in order to provide a field of 500 V/cm for the drift of the ionising charge over many meters. The main aspects that were continued to be explored during P3 are: • Review very high voltage methods for large noble liquids TPCs • Development of VHV simulations, critical aspects in detector design • Development of VHV feedthroughs and generators, tests • Construction techniques for large field cages/cathodes A crucial component of the system is the VHV feedthrough, whose role is to safely deliver the very high voltage to the cathode through the thick insulating walls of the cryostat without generating electrical discharges and compromising the purity of the argon inside. This requires a feedthrough that is typically meters long and carefully designed to be vacuum tight and have small heat input. Furthermore, all materials should be carefully chosen to allow operation in cryogenic conditions. Detailed FEA simulations are required in order to optimize the design of the feedthrough which has been implemented and tested on the 3x1x1 m3 detector and on both protoDUNE single-phase and dual-phase detectors at the neutrino platform. Similar simulation activities have been performed for the other detector components which have to be biased at such large voltages, like field cages and cathodes. In this context, a study of innovative solutions for the field cage of very large-size detectors, based on light aluminium extruded profiles, has been performed and a field cage based on this design has been implemented in the 6x6x6 m3 protoDUNE dual-phase liquid argon TPC at CERN which was built in 2019 (see Figure 33). Specific results extracted from the 3x1x1 m3 activity, the design and test of the VHF feedthrough and generation system, together with the design and implementation activities of the field cage and cathode for the 6x6x6 m3 detector and a general review on VHV generation and transport have been fully documented on the WP8 wiki pages.
Figure 33: Field cage and cathode structures designed and implemented for the VHV system of the 6x6x6 m3 dual- phase prototype at CERN.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 8.5 had one deliverable to submit: • D8.4: Very high Voltage - ACHIEVED
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Task 8.6: Magnetisation
Task 8.6 dealt with the study of novel magnetization schemes for neutrino detectors, such as the Baby Mind magnetized iron detector and with the possibility of magnetizing large liquid argon volumes. This networking activity, involving several institutions under the coordination of the Universities of Glasgow and Geneva, was carried out by exploiting the infrastructure provided by the CERN neutrino platform with the construction of Baby Mind and its exposure to a low energy beam line at the CERN PS. Task 8.6 focused on: • Results from tests of novel magnetization schemes • How to deal with LAr magnetization, superconductive lines Most of the activity during P3 concerned the Baby Mind prototype. This prototype, built and characterized in 2017 on a low energy charged particles test-beam in the context of the neutrino platform activity at CERN, has been the first prototype with a novel iron magnetization scheme aimed at a very compact design. After the completion of the tests at CERN, Baby Mind was transported to Japan and commissioned in order to be exposed to the neutrino beam at the T2K ND280 near detector location. The design, and characterization studies of Baby Mind and the related simulation results, together with a general review on magnetization schemes were fully documented on the dedicated WP8 wiki page, which allowed providing the final AIDA-2020 deliverable for WP8, while at the same time contributing to the general dissemination of these techniques and global networking in the community.
Figure 34: The Baby MIND detector being tested at CERN.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 8.6 had one deliverable to submit: • D8.5: Magnetisation of large-scale cryogenic liquid detectors - ACHIEVED
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WP9: New support structures and micro-channel cooling (NA8)
This WP designed and developed the building blocks of the integration of the cooling of the detector modules and/or the support structures (μ-channels). The common procedures and protocols for the measurements, as well as the setting up of a new specialised measurement system have been documented. An Advanced Mechanical facility with systems providing controlled loads to the tested devices as well as systems to measure the mechanical and thermal characteristics and performance of the test structures was built. In addition, standards for characterisation as well as procedures for the measurements were provided. The WP included 3 Tasks: • Task 9.1 Scientific coordination • Task 9.2 Micro-channel cooling building blocks • Task 9.3 Low mass mechanical structures
Task 9.1: Scientific coordination
As the network activity for the last two years of work was well defined, the scientific coordination during the third reporting period has been mainly entrusted to continuous but informal communication within the collaborating teams. Full WP meetings were organized during the Annual Meetings in order to monitor the progress and allow for proper dissemination within the community.
Task 9.2: Micro-channel cooling building blocks
The Thermal Figure of Merit (TFM, defined as the temperature difference between the hottest spot on a cooled chip and the refrigerant, divided by the chip power density) that can be achieved in two- phase cooling in silicon micro-channels have been characterized. A micro-structured silicon cold plate with 13 parallel channels with a cross section of 200 × 120 µm, designed by CERN and LPNHE and produced at FBK, was coupled by a simple Araldite layer with a 2×2 cm2 , 100 µm thick silicon heater, simulating a pixel module. Saturated Carbon Dioxide at temperatures from +15°C to -25°C was circulated in the micro-channel device at mass flow rates of 0.3 and 0.1 g/s while the silicon heater was powered with surface power densities from 1 to 5 W/cm2 . The saturation temperature of the CO2 was directly measured by immersion PT100 sensors before and after the micro-channel device, while the temperature on the hottest spot of the silicon heater (identified previously by a Finite Element simulation) was measured by a point K-type thermo-couple. All tests were executed under vacuum in order to ensure perfectly adiabatic boundary conditions. The measured TFM was found to be constant for the whole test range of the multi-micro-channels and always of the order of ∼3 K∙cm2/W. An example is shown in Figure 35. The results obtained with micro-channel cooling can be compared to more traditional detector cooling techniques. Conventional detector cooling with thermal ledges coupled to metal pipes exhibits typically a TFM of ∼20 K∙cm2/W, while highly optimized pipe-structure integrated designs may reach a minimum TFM of ∼12K cm2/W. It was thus demonstrated that micro-channel cooling systems offer a cooling performance four to six times better than the one delivered by all the designs presently in use for the thermal management of modern pixel detectors.
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Figure 35: Measurements of the thermal figure of merit for bi-phase CO2 cooling at a constant flow rate of 0.3 g/s and various saturation temperatures in test structures with micro-channels with a cross-section of 120 × 200 µm2. Two different approaches to move the integration of micro-channels in the pixel sensor even further by embedding the channels directly into the pixel silicon substrate were also demonstrated. Two generations of monolithic all-silicon ladders, featuring an integrated cooling circuit in a handle wafer bonded to the active silicon sensor in a high-temperature wafer bonding step, have been designed at IFIC Valencia (Figure 36, left). Small batches of prototypes were produced by the semiconductor laboratory (HLL) of the Max Planck Society in Munich. An extensive characterization was performed at Bonn University, IFIC and CERN with two mono-phase coolants: water and C6F14. 3D-printed hydraulic connectors developed during P2 were successfully adopted. Thanks to the very close integration of the heat source and the coolant, these structures managed to achieve an enhanced thermal performance with respect to the silicon micro-channel devices glued to the pixel sensors, exhibiting a TFM down to ∼1 K cm2/W. A CMOS-compatible micro-fabrication process was developed at CERN to embed microfluidics into silicon dies. A demonstrator has been produced by post-processing functional MALTA chips in the Center on MicroNanofabrication (CMi) at EPFL. The fabrication starts by patterning small trenches (3 × 10 µm) etched into the backside of the pixel detector to a depth of 30 µm. After passivating the sidewalls of the trenches, microchannels are etched isotropically with XeF2 at the bottom of the trenches. The trenches are then sealed with 5 µm of parylene (Figure 36, right). A 3D-printed connector was designed and a procedure to glue it on the backside of a MALTA chip was validated. Fluidic tests have been performed and the system holds 110 bars. It is leak tight with up to a He leak rate of 10-8 mbar·l/s. After the introduction of the buried channels the CMOS chip remains fully functional and has successfully detected particles from a radioactive source. A complete characterization of the thermal performance is planned soon.
Figure 36: Simplified process flow for the production of the all-silicon ladders by IFIC/MPI-HLL (right) and main process steps and SEM image of embedded micro-channels in a functional MALTA chip by CERN/EPFL (left).
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Extensive measurement campaigns on CO2 boiling flows have been performed in the new CERN test facility. Measurements have been executed not only on multi-channel silicon devices, but also on single round tubes in stainless steel, with Internal Diameter (ID) of 0.5, 1 and 2 mm. While direct tests of multi-channel silicon devices are required in order to define the performance of different device configurations adapted to specific detector modules, precision measurements on single channels are extremely useful to verify the limits of applicability to CO2 flows of models and 1D correlations generally used for the design of evaporators. Furthermore, as the mentioned ID’s fall in the typical range of the long tubular evaporators presently adopted in most of the cold silicon trackers at LHC and HL-HLC, these measurements directly provide useful information to the designers of these detectors. The examples reported in Figure 37show the very variable level of performance of some of the most used semi-empirical correlations against validated experimental data for both pressure drops and heat transfer coefficient. This makes it clear that, for the design of the future detector thermal management systems, it is of fundamental importance to produce an as large as possible and accurate database of basic measurements.
Figure 37: Comparison of validated experimental measurements (black triangles) with some of the most used correlations from literature for pressure drops (top) and for the heat transfer coefficient (bottom). With the silicon substrate being more and more directly participating in both the thermal management and the support of the future pixel detectors, it is important to attain a good level of understanding of the structural properties of silicon. A systematic study on the mechanical resistance to internal pressure of silicon micro-channels of different width in function of the thickness of the exposed silicon wall has been performed at CERN. The standard sample of silicon channel designed for the test is shown in Figure 38 along with a SEM image of a channel after breakage of the top silicon wall exposed to the limit pressure, and to a summary plot reporting the maximum applicable hydraulic pressure as a function of the channel width and top wall thickness. Furthermore, accurate numerical simulations of the mechanical behaviour of the all-silicon ladders through a characterizazion of the different vibration modes has been pursued at IFIC. Examples of results of these analyses are also shown in Figure 38, and will be used in connection with state-of-the-art mesurement from the vibration test facility in Oxford developed in the framework of Task 9.3.
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Figure 38: Samples used for the determination of the limit hydraulic pressure applicable in a silicon cooling channel (left) and examples of numerically calculated vibration modes of all-silicon structural ladders (right).
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 9.2 had two deliverables to submit: • D9.3: Technology recommendations for μ-channel cooling - ACHIEVED • D9.4: Qualification and characterisation of μ- channel cooling – ACHIEVED
Task 9.3: Low mass mechanical structures
During the last two years of the program, work on the facility for structure characterization has continued. Groups from Bristol and Valencia have visited and brought prototypes, which were surveyed in the vibration table and air flow cooling setups. In parallel, the Task continued developing the setups and improving our understanding of the measurements and the data analysis. Even after the end of the project, these activities will continue, including making the infrastructure available to other users. Vibration setup Two types of vibration tests have been performed at the facility: frequency scans and broadband excitations. Typical acceleration levels used are between 10-6 g2/Hz and 10-5 g2/Hz, and displacements are typically 1 μm and lower. The frequency range studied is typically between 5 and 500 Hz. A recent improvement to the system is that it also records the displacement of the table, so that its movement can be subtracted from the movement of the device under test, thus making comparison with simple theory easier. Figure 39 shows the example of a frequency scan measurement, and Figure 40 shows results from measurements using a uniform broadband excitation.
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Figure 39: Acceleration response for a 1.2 m ATLAS stave. The blue line shows the measured data, the red line is the response of a simple damped 1D harmonic oscillator, fitted to the data. The fit yields a result for the first mode frequency and its Q factor.
Figure 40: Left: Broadband excitation spectra (5 to 500 Hz selected) for different average acceleration levels. Right: RMS displacement at two points on a 1.2 m ATLAS stave in response to broadband excitation as a function of average ASD. The orange curve shows exp One limitation of the setup is the dynamic range of the AWG. While it is already 14 bits, a larger dynamic range would be helpful to allow maintaining a large table displacement at frequencies at the edge of the standard frequency range (below 5 Hz and at frequencies above 200 Hz). A 100-step digital potentiometer to increase this range has been used recently. Another application for this type of component to investigate in the future is for the synchronization of the amplitudes of two drive motors, one at each end of the shaker table, which should help to reduce rocking modes of the table. Another interesting development is the study of small spherical glass retroreflectors (down to a diameter of 1 mm) for the use with the frequency scanning interferometry (FSI) system. If these retroreflectors can provide sufficient light output this would provide a way to access this very precise, long-distance non-contact displacement measurement system, either alongside or replacing the capacitive sensor system. The retroreflectors currently used with this system are bulky and add considerable weight to the structure. The novel retroreflectors would weigh about 10 mg and therefore have little effect on the dynamic behaviour of the structures. Air flow setup In the air flow setup, a flow of several m/s can currently be produced and the displacement response with a reflective light sensor (Keyence LK-081) can be measured. This sensor is less accurate (slightly better than 1 μm), but the sensor can be placed well outside of the test channel, with a small slot in the channel ceiling to provide passage for the laser beam, thus not affecting the air flow. During the
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past year the clamping mechanism to minimize perturbation of the air flow while maintaining flexibility to accommodate different device geometries has been optimized. Figure 41 reports an example of test structure (PLUME ladder) installed in the test channel.
Figure 41: Opened test channel and ladder support with a PLUME ladder from Bristol University). Air flow is from the left to minimize disturbance by the support.
For a given air flow, an average displacement spectrum can be obtained from the Fourier transform of the displacement signal. A simple overall benchmark number for the performance of the structure in air flow is the RMS displacement over an extended period (Figure 42).
Figure 42: Displacement RMS as a function of air flow for a PLUME vertex detector ladder.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 9.3 had one milestone and one deliverable to submit: • MS99: Advanced Mechanical Distributed facility ready – ACHIEVED • D9.7: Standard procedures for qualification and characterization – ACHIEVED
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WP10: Beam test facilities (TA1)
This work package provided Transnational Access to the test beams at CERN and DESY. The WP included 2 tasks: • Task 10.1: CERN PS and SPS test beams • Task 10.2: DESY-II Test beam Facility
Task 10.1: CERN PS and SPS test beams
The CERN test beam facility stopped for maintenance and upgrades in December 2018. In P3, as the funds for Task 10.1 were spent in P1 and P2, the activity was limited to providing administrative support to test beam users, mainly in the form of allowing registrations of test-beam users who would not have access to the CERN facilities, without the AIDA-2020 project. These were users without affiliation to other projects at CERN.
Description of the publicity concerning the new opportunities for access The measures taken to publicise the TA programme offered by CERN TB in AIDA-2020 were described in the 1st reporting period and are still relevant.
Description of the selection procedure
The User Selection Panel (USP) was established at the beginning of the project and is composed of international experts from the community, including members from outside the Consortium. It consists of three WP Coordinators from each Transnational Access activity, as well as three representatives from the large HEP communities (ATLAS, CMS and Linear Collider) who are external to the Consortium (see Annex 2 for the List of USP members). The selection of user groups and experiments is primarily the responsibility of the facility coordinator, acting with approval of the USP. The USP receives a list of TA applications every four months for comments and approval. The primary criterion for selection of a proposal is scientific merit, but factors such as previous usage of the facility and availability of similar facilities in the users’ home countries are also taken into account. In case certain facilities receive an overwhelming number of excellent proposals, the USP recommends redirecting some of the projects to another facility that offers TA under AIDA-2020. There hasn’t been any rejection of proposals by the USP so far. This is due to the fact that inadequate or ineligible projects are already rejected by the facility coordinator or modified already at the first step of the application process, which is the discussion with the facility coordinator.
Description of the Transnational Access activity User projects and experiments
User-projects Units of access Total no. of users CERN PS&SPS Eligible (CERN PS&SPS Selected benefitting from the TA submissions = 1 hour) Period 3 0 0 0 0 (M37-M60)
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Foreseen for project 47 210 11,280 (M1-M60) Scientific output of the users at the facilities AIDA-2020-CERN-TB-2016-05 aimed at the characterisation of the ALICE ACORDE upgrade prototypes. ACORDE is used for cosmic ray triggering of the ALICE detector, and will be upgraded in 2019-2020. 6 different prototypes were tested in the PS East Area and allowed to select the best photo-detector for this application. The light yield of the scintillator material and wave length shifting fibres was established, and two different implementations of the front-end electronics were validated. The project is an example for access by neighbouring communities, in this case nuclear physics. AIDA-2020-CERN-TB-2016-06: This test of a Shaslik calorimeter for electron neutrino and tracing was successful in laying the grounding work for the submission and approval of the ENUBET project by the European Research Council and INF, aiming at developing an instrumented decay tunnel with Kaon tagging capabilities for a future neutrino beam line. AIDA-2020-CERN-TB-2016-11 aimed at testing and characterising the diamond timing detectors for the TOTEM and CT-PPS experiments at the LHC. It demonstrated suitable timing capabilities of both diamond and silicon sensors. These sensors are now in use in the detectors at the LHC. See Annex 3 for a list of publications resulting from work carried out under the TA activity.
User meetings Weekly user meetings are organised for the users of the CERN PS/SPS facilities. Dates Type of meeting Venue Attendance Indico link Every Weekly during the CERN Between 20 to https://indico.cern.ch/category/5682/ Thursday PS/SPS run 40 people
Task 10.2: DESY-II Test Beam Facility
The DESY test beam facility operates at the DESY-II accelerator and is equipped with three test beam lines, providing up to 1,000 particles per cm² with energies from 1 to 6 GeV, an energy spread of ~5% and a divergence of ~1mrad. Access to these beam lines coupled with extensive technical and administrative user support is subject of the Transnational Access programme at DESY. During the first, second and third reporting period, 31 user groups (5 in P1 and 17 in P2 as well as 9 in P3) with a total of 177 users (54 in P1 and 78 in P2 and 45 in P3) from 24 different countries have applied for TA. The distribution of users per home institute country is given in Figure 43.
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AIDA-2020 users 2015-2020 by their affiliations country
INDIA 1% FRANCE 10% TURKEY 1% UNITED KINGDOM SOUTH AFRICA 1% SPAIN 19% 9% BELARUS 1% TAIWAN 1%
SWITZERLAND REPUBLIC OF KOREA 6% 1% Other ITALY 8% SERBIA 6% 1% ROMANIA 2% JAPAN RUSSIA CHINA 6% 2% 2% CANADA AUSTRIA NETHERLANDS 3% 5% 5% GERMANY UKRAINE 4% CZECH REPUBLIC POLAND 5% ISRAEL 5% 2% 5%
Figure 43: Distribution of users per home institute country at DESY-II test beam facility. All projects have been approved. All international teams have been granted in total 58 beam-weeks of transnational access, in which 14 beam-weeks during P3. The test beam facility at DESY has seen continuous infrastructure improvements, for example an upgrade of the entire IT network infrastructure to 10 Gbit/s and installing fibre patch in each area. The gas safety system was upgraded as well. Furthermore, a full telescope package, integrating EUDAQ2 + AIDA TLU, provides a full chain data analysis framework. The DESY TA programme was very much in demand, even more in 2019 and 2020, due to the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) at CERN (where no test beam has been available at all at the CERN PS and SPS) and only the financial limits of Task 10.2 TA-program had prevented supporting more TA-groups. The facility was operating at full capacity from February till Christmas. Again, the EUDET-style pixel telescopes were in strong demand: 75% of the groups were requesting the use of a telescope. To further improve the availability of telescopes, AZALEA, which has been built as a deliverable of Task 15.2, has been moved to DESY during LS2 to provide even more telescope time for the users. The additional infrastructures provided by WP15 were moved into user operation in 2020. The large number of scientific achievements resulting from these TA projects have been reported in presentations, proceedings and publications. All test beam studies conducted within this scheme resulted in very interesting scientific outcomes for the international community. Additionally, they also formed the building block for many technical decisions for the HL-LHC upgrade projects. One of the many innovative projects at DESY were the test campaigns from the Generic R&D community studying formation region effects in X-ray transition radiation from 1 to 6 GeV electrons
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in multilayer targets. The radiation was generated using 1-6 GeV electrons impinging on two multilayer targets with different distances between the individual layers. The enhanced spectral peak of the transition radiation in the energy range from 10 to 30 keV was observed in comparison with the X-ray spectrum from the single foil. With this experiment feasibility studies on a new method for precise beam diagnostics based on a doubled foil X-Ray TR were successfully performed. The application of the latter effect to achieve a noticeable enhancement of the radiation yield was discussed; experimental results are analysed and published in Nucl. Instrum. Meth. In Phys. Res. Section B (accepted for publishing: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2020.04.033). As an example of the importance of the DESY TA programme for the HL-LHC upgrades, the CMS collaboration tested 3D pixel sensors, which are part of the baseline solution of their pixel detector upgrade. Four non-irradiated 3D pixel sensors were tested and bump-bonded to RD53A readout ASIC. The sensors were fabricated by CSIC-CNM on Si-Si wafers using single-sided technology, with 150 m active thickness and with pixel cell sizes of 50x50 (square) and 25x100 (rectangular) m2. This will help to decide on the pixel size, which is going to be used for the upgrade. The test beam was also a very important opportunity to further test the novel RD53A ASIC, which is the first major ASIC for pixel detectors, which is using 65 nm technology.
Description of the publicity concerning the new opportunities for access A dedicated TA webpage presents all advantages of the programme and is available to the public. By using dedicated email lists all test beam users are regularly informed about test beam news in general, as well as TA opportunities. Several conference talks at international conferences, such as the “Beam Telescope and Test Beam Workshop (BTTB)” series at CERN 2019 and Tbilisi 2020, addressed the opportunities of the Transnational Access programme and provided potential users with the required information. The workshop series provides a forum to overview general test beam topics and to share experiences across the different test beam communities. All publications and conference talks describing the scientific results, which were obtained in the framework of the TA programme, are collected and published in the DESY library as an open-source repository which contributes to increasing the recognition of the programme.
Besides the normal user operation, several outreach activities have been realised in the last reporting period. Physics students from around the world took again the opportunity to carry out experiments at the test beam ranging from scattering studies to measurements using a tagged-photon setup. A group of high school teachers from ten of the sixteen German federal states, who took a weekly course in particle physics in October 2018, also performed experiments at the DESY Test Beam. The great success of this enterprise has triggered the decision to make this a permanent outreach activity with a start in fall of 2020. And last but not least DESY hosted the Beamline 4 Schools competition 2019 with two winning teams of high school students from the Netherlands and the USA.
Description of the selection procedure The USP oversees the approval of TA applications in WP10, WP11 and WP12. The composition of the USP and the selection procedure are described in section Task 10.1 – Description of the selection procedure.
Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 78 / 147
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Description of the Transnational Access activity User projects and experiments
User-projects Units of access Total no. of users DESY Eligible (DESY = 1 test beam Selected benefitting from the TA submissions hour) Period 3 9 9 45 2,328 (M37-M360) 8,400 Foreseen for 30 120 (or 50 test beam weeks project (M1-M60) with 7 days and 24h)
Scientific output of TA-supported users at DESY In the last reporting period, 9 user groups have applied for TA. All projects have been approved and financial support granted. Three examples are described below: AIDA-2020-DESY-2018-06 (SiW-ECAL): the R&D for a highly granular SiW ECAL, the major option for the ECAL of the ILD detector at the ILC or CEPC, is carried out by the CALICE Collaboration with support from AIDA-2020. The beam test in June/July 2018 met three objectives. For the first time a new compact digital readout system on four 18x18cm2 layers of 256 cells each has been successfully tested. Furthermore, and also for the first time, ECAL layers with ultrathin PCBs were included in the prototype and delivered encouraging results. Finally, the stack at DESY included five layers with 1024 cells each provided by Japanese collaborators from Kyushu University. Towards the end all nine layers in the stack were operated together in a common data taking. AIDA-2020-DESY-2019-01 (ATLAS_ITK_strips): the ATLAS experiment is currently preparing for an upgrade of the tracking system in the course of the High-Luminosity LHC that is scheduled for 2026. The radiation damage at the expected integrated luminosity of 4000 fb-1 and hadron fluencies 16 2 over 2∙10 neq/cm require a replacement of existing Inner Detector by an all-silicon Inner Tracker with a pixel detector surrounded by a strip detector. The ATLAS ITk detector will enable to bring the Level-0 trigger rate of a few MHz down to a Level-1 trigger rate below 1 MHz at the peak instantaneous luminosity of 7.5∙1034 cm-2s-1 that corresponds to approximately 200 inelastic proton- proton interactions per beam crossing. The DESY II test beam facility played a crucial role in that phase of the project as it represented the ideal infrastructure for evaluation of applicability, functionality and detection performance of non- irradiated and irradiated detector prototypes and the final design of the ATLAS ITk Strip detector. The data measured during this TA-campaign has been used mainly to study the most important characteristics of the silicon tracking detectors, like a detection efficiency, noise occupancy, spatial resolution or effect of the depletion voltage. The obtained results represent an absolutely critical part of the ATLAS Inner Tracker Strip Detector Technical Design Report. They have been published in several conference proceedings and presented at international conferences. AIDA-2020-DESY-2019-04 (Test Beam characterization of RD53A-compatible 3D pixel sensors) : four non-irradiated 3D pixel sensors were tested, the sensors were bump-bonded to RD53A readout chips. These sensors were fabricated by CSIC-CNM on Si-Si wafers using single-sided technology, with 150 m active thickness and with pixel cell sizes of 50x50 (square) and 25x100 (rectangular) m2. Sensors such as these are currently being considered for the innermost layers of the CMS inner tracker for the high-luminosity upgrade. The following Figure 44 and Figure 45 show a sketch of the transversal view of such a pixel sensor, and layouts and pictures of both pixel cell geometries:
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Figure 44: Scheme for 3D-Si single side detector Figure 45: View of the pixel sensor layouts
The sensors were placed inside a tracking AIDA telescope to study their response to minimum ionizing electrons. Promising results were obtained: results of single hit efficiencies, charge sharing between adjacent pixels, and cross-talk. Spatial resolutions at perpendicular and optimal angle incidence has also been studied. For the sensor with square pixels the efficiency was measured to be 97.5% for perpendicular tracks and 99.98% for incidence at 18o, at a bias voltage of 5V. For the rectangular pixel sensor operated at 19 V the efficiency was 97.5% for perpendicular tracks and 99.97% at an incidence of 34o. These 3D rectangular pixel sensors were found to have almost negligible cross-talk, below 5%. The spatial resolution at optimal incidence was measured to be 4.6 m for the square pixel sensor at optimal incidence. The following Figure 46 and Figure 47 show the single hit efficiency and the average cluster size at perpendicular incidence for both the square (top) and rectangular (bottom) pixel cell sensors, where the sensor column structure is clearly visible.
Figure 46: Sensor tracking efficiency for the square Figure 47: Mean cluster size at perpendicular incidence (top) and rectangular (bottom) pixel cell sensors for the square (top) and rectangular (bottom) pixel cell sensors
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The results obtained were presented several times during collaboration meetings and in international meetings and workshops. See Annex 3 for a list of publications resulting from work carried out under the TA activity.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, WP10 had one deliverable to submit: • D10.1: Transnational Access to CERN & DESY test beams – ACHIEVED
Distribution of users by home institute country in WP10 The chart below shows the distribution of users at CERN PS&SPS and DESY-II test beam facilities by the country of the user’s home institute.
Distribution of users by home institute country in WP10
United Canada Czech Republic Kingdom 11% 7% 13%
Ukraine France 18% 11%
Spain Russia Italy 20% 4% 9% Japan 7%
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WP11: Irradiation test facilities (TA2)
This WP provided Transnational Access to several leading irradiation facilities in Europe with proton, neutron or mixed field sources, as well as with gamma rays. This work package included five tasks: • Task 11.1: CERN IRRAD & GIF++, Switzerland • Task 11.2 JSI TRIGA reactor, Slovenia • Task 11.3 KIT KAZ, Germany • Task 11.4 UCLouvain CRC, Belgium • Task 11.5 UoB MC40 Cyclotron, United Kingdom Irradiations are carried out either under direct user supervision, where on-line monitoring and device operation is essential, or in remote access mode, where samples can be irradiated unattended. In the latter case, sample handling and subsequent shipment to users is taken care of by the facility staff.
Task 11.1: CERN IRRAD & GIF++, Switzerland
Description of the publicity concerning the new opportunities for access The CERN IRRAD and GIF++ irradiation facilities are well known in the High Energy Physics community, as they have served since decades to perform irradiation tests for the development and qualification of components and systems for accelerators and experiments. In recent years, and especially in 2017 to 2019, a strong increase in demands for irradiation experiments is observed. This is motivated mainly by the R&D and radiation hardness assurance qualification for the phase II upgrades of the LHC experiments, but also by first developments and studies for far-future projects like the FCC (Future Circular Collider). The measures taken to publicise the TA programme for irradiation facilities offered by CERN in AIDA-2020 were described in the 1st reporting period and are still relevant.
Description of the selection procedure The USP oversees the approval of TA applications in WP10, WP11 and WP12. The composition of the USP and the selection procedure are described in section Task 10.1 – Description of the selection procedure.
Description of the Transnational Access activity User projects and experiments
User-projects Units of access Total no. of users CERN IRRAD Eligible (IRRAD = beam Selected benefitting from the TA submissions operation hour) Period 3 4 4 18 1,010 (M37-M60) Foreseen for project 30 60 4,032 (M1-M60)
User-projects Units of access Total no. of users CERN GIF++ Eligible (GIF++ = operation Selected benefitting from the TA submissions hour) Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 82 / 147
RD AIDA-2020 3 PERIODIC REPORT Date: 30/06/2020
Period 3 7 7 25 1,260 (M37-M60) Foreseen for project 20 50 4,032 (M1-M60) The numbers of supported user projects, users and access units for the two facilities are given in the two tables above. The access units are calculated by counting 10 access units per day of beam time, while the beam is delivered at CERN 24 hours/day. The irradiation experiments are either performed with the users being present at CERN (and receiving financial subsistence through the transnational access funds) or by the CERN facilities team for simple irradiations without need for online measurements or other special irradiation conditions. Researchers from various universities and research institutions benefitted from the transnational access to the CERN irradiation facilities. The GIF++ users supported through AIDA-2020 TA came from Italy (76%), Spain (12%), Mexico (8%) and France (4%). The IRRAD users supported through AIDA-2020 TA came from Germany (28%), France (22%), Spain (22%), Romania (11%), Mexico (11%) and Russia (6%).
Scientific output of TA-supported users at CERN irradiation facilities The results of irradiation experiments have been presented at conferences, workshops as well as at internal meetings of the LHC Experiments (not open to public) and are summarized in Annex 3. Several irradiation experiments have been performed in view of the development and qualification of prototype detectors for the High Luminosity LHC experiments. A particular example of work supported by the AIDA-2020 transnational access is the evaluation of the radiation hardness of p-type silicon sensors which will replace the presently used n-type technology in many areas of the LHC experiments. Prominent recent developments based on p-type silicon substrates are Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) for precision timing and High Voltage CMOS sensors for inner tracking detectors. All p-type devices are facing a particular radiation induced problem: the transformation of electrically active shallow acceptors into defect complexes that are no longer having these properties, the so-called acceptor removal effect. In the framework of the AIDA-2020 TA, several p-type silicon test structures with strongly varying boron content (i.e. varying acceptor concentration), were irradiated and characterized employing defect spectroscopy methods such as TSC (Thermally Stimulated Currents) and DLTS (Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy). The investigations showed that the deactivation of boron acceptors by the formation of boron-oxygen defect complexes is the most likely reason for the acceptor removal effect. See Annex 3 for a list of publications resulting from work carried out under the TA activity.
User meetings Date Type of meeting Venue Attendance Indico link weekly GIF++ users meeting CERN 10-15 http://indico.cern.ch/category/1942/ weekly PS/SPS users meeting CERN 20 https://indico.cern.ch/category/5682/ (until January 2019)
Task 11.2: JSI TRIGA reactor, Slovenia
Description of the publicity concerning the new opportunities for access The measures taken to publicise the TA programme offered by JSI in AIDA-2020 were described in the 1st reporting period and are still relevant.
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The only additional measure to publicise the JRI TRIGA reactor was through an article in the AIDA- 2020 “On Track” newsletter, issue 9.
Description of the selection procedure The USP oversees the approval of TA applications in WP10, WP11 and WP12. The composition of the USP and the selection procedure are described in section Task 10.1 – Description of the selection procedure.
Description of the Transnational Access activity User projects and experiments
User-projects Units of access Total no. of users JSI Eligible (JSI = reactor operation Selected benefitting from the TA submissions hour) Period 3 10 10 26 (remote access) 34.5 (M37-M60) Foreseen for project 50 150 500 (M1-M60)
Scientific output of TA-supported users at JSI TRIGA reactor The main focus of irradiations at the JSI reactor is the foreseen upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN to higher luminosity (HL-LHC). The reactor is used to irradiate sensors, electronics and detector module prototypes to the extremely high doses expected at HL-LHC. Fluences up to several 16 2 10 neq/cm have been achieved with irradiations. Sensors include planar silicon, 3-D silicon, HV- CMOS and diamond. There was increased interest for irradiations of LGAD sensors which present a promising technology in timing applications. A limited proportion of projects deal with irradiation of devices for photon counting (for example SiPMs). The tangential channel has been refurbished within Task 15.5 and 5 projects performed irradiations of large sensors and electronic boards in this channel. See Annex 3 for a list of publications resulting from work carried out under the TA activity.
User meetings No user meetings occurred in the reporting period.
Task 11.3: KIT KAZ, Germany
Description of the publicity concerning the new opportunities for access The measures taken to publicise the TA programme offered by KIT in AIDA-2020 were described in the 1st reporting period and are still relevant.
Description of the selection procedure The USP oversees the approval of TA applications in WP10, WP11 and WP12. The composition of the USP and the selection procedure are described in section Task 10.1 – Description of the selection procedure.
Description of the Transnational Access activity User projects and experiments Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 84 / 147
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User-projects Units of access Total no. of users KIT Eligible (KIT = beam operation Selected benefitting from the TA submissions hour) Period 3 5 5 25 (remote access) 56.92 (M37-M60) Foreseen for project 30 90 100 (M1-M60)
Scientific output of TA-supported users at KIT KAZ The irradiations allowed the users to validate new developments in the field of silicon particle detectors and read-out electronics with respect to radiation damage. In P3, mainly irradiations of hybrid pixel detectors based on the RD53A chip were performed. Access units were equally distributed to the CMS and ATLAS communities. These projects included irradiations up to a total 16 fluence of 1.2x10 neq/cm². There is usually quite a delay between irradiation and publication, since the post-irradiation tests are extensive and review processes within the collaborations take some time. Still, the number of publications in total increased to 22.
User meetings No user meetings occurred in the reporting period.
Task 11.4: UCLouvain CRC, Belgium
Description of the publicity concerning the new opportunities for access The measures taken to publicise the TA programme offered by UCLouvain in AIDA-2020 were described in the 1st reporting period and are still relevant.
Description of the selection procedure The USP oversees the approval of TA applications in WP10, WP11 and WP12. The composition of the USP and the selection procedure are described in section Task 10.1 – Description of the selection procedure.
Description of the Transnational Access activity UCLouvain-CRC offers beam lines to study radiation effects on complex electronic systems. The heavy ion irradiation allows to extract the main parameters to fully characterize the behaviour under radiation of electronic systems (threshold LET and saturation cross section). The proton line, allows to study the long term behaviour of electronics. These features are becoming more and more relevant for LHC upgrades and the development of future colliders.
User projects and experiments
User-projects Units of access Total no. of users UCLouvain Eligible (UCLouvain = beam Selected benefitting from the TA submissions operation hour) Period 3 0 0 3* 1 (M37-M60)
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Foreseen for project 10 50 80 (M1-M60) * Users from previous period
Scientific output of TA-supported users at UCLouvain Only one irradiation hour left from the previous periods. This single hour was allocated to a continuation of the project AIDA-2020-CRC-2017-03. The same users and hardware come back to CRC facility as “normal” users in 2019. See Annex 3 for a list of publications resulting from work carried out under the TA activity.
User meetings No user meetings occurred in the reporting period.
Task 11.5: UoB MC40 Cyclotron, United Kingdom
Description of the publicity concerning the new opportunities for access The measures taken to publicise the TA programme offered by UoB in AIDA-2020 were described in the 1st reporting period and are still relevant.
Description of the selection procedure The USP oversees the approval of TA applications in WP10, WP11 and WP12. The composition of the USP and the selection procedure are described in section Task 10.1 – Description of the selection procedure.
Description of the Transnational Access activity User projects and experiments
User-projects Units of access Total no. of users UoB Eligible (UoB = beam operation Selected benefitting from the TA submissions hour) Period 3 1 1* 2** 59.75*** (M37-M60) Foreseen for project 60 180 240 (M1-M60) * 4 projects were supported in P3, out of which 1 was selected in P3 and 3 were continued from the previous period. ** in addition, 8 users from projects that started in the previous period. *** including 52.75 units of access from projects that started in the previous period.
Scientific output of TA-supported users at UoB During P3, the irradiation facility at UoB has supported radiation hardness studies of a variety of detector components for different experiments, in line with the work done in previous reporting 15 periods. Delivered fluences were well above 1x10 neq/cm². The reduced number of supported projects with respect to previous periods is a consequence of having delivered all the allocated access units already by the end of P2.
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One new project was supported during P3 to study the radiation hardness of novel glass scintillators to be used in calorimeter particle detectors in nuclear physics experiment. The results of this study are particularly relevant for the EIC Detector R&D program and other experiments that would benefit from high performance, cost effective glass scintillators. The samples developed at the Catholic University of America and Scintilex, LLC have been irradiated to 2x1015p/cm². Due to high activation of the samples after irradiation, the samples could not yet be shipped back to the user for evaluation. During this time, the facility still supported a few projects from the previous reporting period that aimed at assessing the radiation hardness of components developed for the upgrades of the LHC experiments. These included planar silicon sensors for the ATLAS ITk pixel upgrade, GanFET transistors for the biasing scheme of the ATLAS ITk strip sensors, as well as high thermal conductivity glues for the LHCb Velo upgrade. See Annex 3 for a list of publications resulting from work carried out under the TA activity.
User meetings No user meetings occurred in the reporting period.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, WP11 had one deliverable to submit: • D11.1: Transnational Access to irradiation test facilities: CERN IRRAD, CERN GIF++, JSI, KIT, UCLouvain, UoB – ACHIEVED
Distribution of users by home institute country in WP11 The chart below shows the distribution of users at the WP11 irradiation facilities by the country of the user’s home institute.
Distribution of users by home institute country in WP11
USARussiaAustria UK Croatia 2% 1% 3% Switzerland 2% 4% 5%
France 6%
Germany Spain 10% 20% Israel 1%
Romania 2% Norway 1% Mexico 4% Italy 35% Lithuania 4%
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WP12: Detector characterisation facilities (TA3)
This work package provided Transnational Access to the multi-MeV ion micro-beam for detector radiation characterization at the RBI facility (Croatia) and the Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory of ITAINNOVA (Spain) for electro-magnetic (EM) noise characterization. The main goal of this TA was to offer 4 runs/year at RBI and 3 runs/year at ITAINNOVA. The WP included 2 tasks: • Task 12.1: RBI-AF, Croatia • Task 12.2: ITAINNOVA – EMClab, Spain
Task 12.1: RBI-AF, Croatia
At the RBI-AF the users can use the RBI Accelerator Facility to image detector charge collection properties, perform time-resolved ion-beam induced charge IBIC measurements on detector materials, or use protons or heavier ions for real-time controlled damaging experiments, making it a unique facility for the semiconductor detector R&D community. In the third reporting period, RBI selected 5 projects out of 6. Two user-projects were cancelled upon user request. One project could not be accepted and completed because of the unexpected situation brought by the coronavirus. Three user projects were implemented. As a result, during P1+P2+P3 periods, from the accepted 17 user-projects at RBI, 15 were completed. Altogether 600 TA units (hours) were implemented at RBI out of planned 640 units, which is 94%. During experiments, 30 users were present at the facility, and 23 out of 24 planned were supported by AIDA-2020 TA. Users from 9 countries benefitted from TA experiments: Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, UK.
Description of the publicity concerning the new opportunities for access The measures taken to publicise the TA programme offered by RBI in AIDA-2020 were described in the 1st reporting period and are still relevant. The RBI facility was featured in two On Track articles in September and December 2017.
Description of the selection procedure The USP oversees the approval of TA applications in WP10, WP11 and WP12. The composition of the USP and the selection procedure are described in section Task 10.1 – Description of the selection procedure.
Description of the Transnational Access activity User projects and experiments User-projects Units of access Total no. of users RBI Eligible (RBI = beam operation Selected benefitting from the TA submissions hour) Period 3 25 (3 received financial 6 5 120 (M37-M60) support) Foreseen for project 16 24 640 (M1-M60)
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Scientific output of TA-supported users at RBI In the Period 3, RBI selected 5 projects out of 6. Two user-projects were cancelled upon user request. One project could not be accepted and completed because of the unexpected situation brought by the coronavirus. Three user-projects were supported during Period 3, related to the issues that are important for the development and characterisation of detectors based on silicon technology: AIDA-2020-RBI-2018-01: study of single event upset rate of a TBM chip of the CMS pixel detector performed with the focused ion beams. AIDA-2020-RBI-2019-01: dealt with the testing of charge collection efficiency of a prototype monolithic pixel detector based on a novel CMOS sensor platform. AIDA-2020-RBI-2019-03: dealt with the analysis of Single Event Effects in a dedicated chip, manufactured in TSMC 65nm technology. See Annex 3 for a list of publications resulting from work carried out under the TA activity. User meetings No user meetings occurred in the reporting period.
Task 12.2: ITAINNOVA – EMClab, Spain
ITAINNOVA provided for the first time the particle physics community with tools and methodologies to address electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) issues in detector commissioning and operation. In the 3nd reporting period, ITAINNOVA selected 3 additional user projects.
Description of the publicity concerning the new opportunities for access The measures taken to publicise the TA programme offered by ITAINNOVA in AIDA-2020 were described in the 1st reporting period and are still relevant.
Description of the selection procedure The USP oversees the approval of TA applications in WP10, WP11 and WP12. The composition of the USP and the selection procedure are described in section Task 10.1 – Description of the selection procedure.
Description of the Transnational Access activity User projects and experiments User-projects Units of access Total no. of users ITAINNOVA Eligible (ITAINNOVA = EMC Selected benefitting from the TA submissions lab hour) Period 3 3 3 4 525 (M37-M60) Foreseen for project 12 12 1,200 (M1-M60)
Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 89 / 147
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Scientific output of TA-supported users at ITAINNOVA The main focus of the users at ITAINNOVA is to evaluate the noise emissions and susceptibility levels of detector electronics. During this period, 3 projects have been submitted and approved and one project approved during P2 has been cancelled by the user. The major contributions during P3 are associated to the EM characterization of Single chips cards based on RD53 chip and the CMS-HDI 2x2 pixel modules. These two test campaigns have been very important in terms of outcomes. The first two projects have performed the EMC characterization of RD53A chip without sensors (AIDA-2020-EMC-2018-01) and with sensors (AIDA-2020-EMC-2018-02). The access has been requested by the RD53 group at CERN. The requested tests were necessary to determine the noise susceptibility of the SCC-RD53A chip with respect to external noise sources. These tests will provide useful information to evaluate the impact of the grounding scheme, filtering, shielding and operating conditions. These are the firsts EMC tests of the RD53A chip. They will be very important to identify the noise susceptibility levels of a RD53A chip with and without sensors, as well as the impact of the different front ends of the chips in terms of noise. The outcomes have been used to compare the noise sensitivity of the input power stage of the RD53A chip (Shunt low drop voltage regulator vs. low drop voltage regulator). The third project (AIDA-2020-EMC-2019-01), proposed by ETH Zurich, has performed EMC tests on 2x2 HDI (High Density Interconnector)-RD53A modules. The main goal of these tests has been to identify the susceptibility of HDI2x2 RD53A chip for CMS phase 2 pixel upgrades. The tests have been performed in two stages (1st Stage - November 2019 & 2nd Stage - December 2019 to March 2020). The initial set of tests has been focused on running the first noise susceptibility measurements of 2x2 HDI modules. The main goal of this stage was to build and assure a robust module set-up, running basic measurements on single modules first, and then continuing with tests on serial modules to understand possible issues at system level. After assuring a good and reliable set-up, the aim of the second set of tests has been to carry out the maximum number of measurements with different configurations (position of the serial chain, grounding connections, etc.), in order to understand system level effects on noise sensitivity. All these activities have produced 4 journal articles and 5 contributions to international conferences. A PhD thesis has been written and presented in 2019 based on AIDA-2020-EMC-2019-01 test results.
User meetings No user meetings occurred in the reporting period.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, WP12 had one deliverable to be submitted: - D12.1: Transnational Access to detector characterization facilities: RBI & ITAINNOVA – ACHIEVED
Distribution of users by home institute country in WP12 The chart below shows the distribution of users at the WP12 detector characterisation facilities by the country of the user’s home institute. All the users supported at RBI and ITAINNOVA in this reporting period are working in EU or associated countries.
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Distribution of users by home institute country in WP12
Turkey Germany 8% 11%
Switzerland 19%
Spain 8% Italy 54%
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WP13: Innovative gas detectors (JRA1)
This WP developed and disseminated within the scientific community novel Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) and Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGDs). The tasks of the WP were clustered along three major R&D lines: (i) pursuing advanced detector developments both in RPCs and MPGDs, (ii) providing common tools to facilitate detector development, and (iii) implementing instruments that are strategic in view of large series production, as required by present and future high precision HEP Experiments; these instruments are also essential for future applications beyond HEP. The WP included 4 tasks: • Task 13.1 Scientific coordination • Task 13.2 Advanced detector developments • Task 13.3 Tools to facilitate the detector development • Task 13.4 Preparation for large series production
Task 13.1: Scientific coordination
The community contributing to this WP is wide and formed by scientists coming from different research areas. Therefore, the meetings of the whole community played a major role for coordination and internal dissemination of the progress and results. During P3, the whole community met twice. No general meeting took place during the last year because most of the activities were concluded by M48, as planned. (CNRS, INFN)
Task 13.2: Advanced detector developments
New resistive materials for RPC electrodes (LIP) - Three different new resistive materials for high rate RPCs were identified or developed and used for eight new prototypes. The resistivity of the materials was measured in the chambers themselves by the argon-discharge method, both before and after irradiation. A beam test was performed on the set of eight chambers, confirming their differential rate behaviour. After-beam observations revealed that the resistivity of the materials did not change, but some signs of surface alterations were visible on some of the materials. Despite such alterations the chambers continued to operate normally. Among the three resistive materials the one made with KREFINE® carbon-loaded polyether ether ketone (PEEK) plastic seemed to provide the best candidate. With a bulk resistivity of a few 1010 x cm (Figure 48), this material showed a very good stability after high radiation exposure.
Figure 48: Argon-discharge V-I curves for one of the KREFINE-based chambers.
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High-Rate fast timing large RPC (CNRS) - Large 2-gap RPC detectors made with two different materials (low resistivity glass and HPL) were built and successfully tested. Both achieved high efficiency for particle rates exceeding 1 kHz/cm2. In addition, a new readout electronics system using excellent timing was conceived and used to study these detectors. This resulted in a very good spatial precision by using the time information read out at both ends of a strip (Figure 49). The same readout electronics system exploited the excellent fast timing capability of the RPC detectors. A new version of the PETIROC with a lower threshold (25 fC) was produced. This allowed to obtain a high efficiency at lower applied high voltages and thus with less avalanche charge. Reducing the avalanche charge will then increase the rate capability and will also limit the detector aging.
Figure 49Left: Time difference of signal arrival on one of the strips. Right: Average time difference of the signal arrival as a function the beam position with respect to the edge of a mobile table for all the strips.
Eco-friendly gases for RPCs (INFN) - A large R&D effort was pursued to find and validate an eco- friendly RPC gas mixture, based on suitable gases with a much lower GWP than TetrafluoroEthane (TFE)-based ones currently used and at the same time affordable and industrially produced. A potential candidate is the new industrial standard for refrigeration, the HFO (hydrofluoroolefin) that has a GWP value of 3 compared with the 1430 value of the TFE. Several strategies were tested, consisting in adding secondary components to HFO (CO2, SF6, various hydrocarbons, etc.) to achieve similar performances to those with the current gas mixtures in terms of high efficiency and a negligible percentage of streamers (Figure 50).
Figure 50: Efficiency versus the applied high voltage using CO2: HFO = 50 : 50 and different fractions of SF6. Micro-resistive-well (-RWELL) detectors (INFN) - While the -RWELLs for medium particle fluences had already been validated during P1 and the version for high rate, based on the concept of segmenting the resistive layer, has been validated with excellent performances up to fluences as high as 10 MHz/cm2 in P2, the activity in P3 was focused on enlarging the detector size (Figure 51) and in contacts with industry to progress with technology transfer for the production. Small size detectors Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 93 / 147
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have been completely industrially produced, while, for larger size, the etching of the polyimide foil was performed at CERN, while the other components and the detector assembly took place at ELTOS (Arezzo, Italy).
Figure 51: Two different examples of large-size -RWELL prototypes. High gain MPGDs (INFN) – Large-size prototypes of hybrid MPGDs combining two THGEM layers and a resistive MICROMEGAS multiplication stage have been built, equipped with CsI photocathodes and used as single photon detectors in the RICH detector of the COMPASS experiment (Figure 52). These novel photon detectors, the first ones based on MPGD technologies operated in an experiment, provided space resolution and a number of detected photoelectrons according to expectations. They are stably operated at a gain of about 15 k, the highest gain ever reached by MPGDs in an experiment. They represent the first use in an experiment of THGEMs and resistive MICROMEGAS.
Figure 52: Hit pattern in the high-gain MPGD photon detectors. The center of the expected ring pattern is calculated from the particle trajectory; the particle momentum and the expected Cherenkov angle in the pion hypothesis are also reported. No image elaboration Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 13.2 had one milestone and three deliverables to submit: • MS93: RPC performance results with ecofriendly gases and use of recirculation gas systems – ACHIEVED • D13.2: High-rate characterization of large-size RPC prototypes – ACHIEVED • D13.4: Large-size prototype of R-WGEM – ACHIEVED • D13.5: Prototype of a large size high-gain MPGD – ACHIEVED
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Task 13.3: Tools to facilitate the detector developments
Interfacing of read-out FE chips in the Scalable Readout System (SRS) (CERN) - The integration of the VMM3 FE-chip in SRS has been further refined, while major progress has been made in interfacing the TIMEPIX3 FE-chip to SRS. Development of cheap, standard MPGD-dedicated laboratory instrumentation (CERN) - The development of the Charge Preamplifier-Shaper Amplifier-Discriminator-Trigger-HV (100 V) supplier multipurpose (APIC) for signal processing was completed in P2. In P3 the technology transfer to industry has opened the way to industrialization of the first pieces. APIC documentation for users has been completed. The monitoring system for sensors of environmental parameters based on Arduino YUN-MEGA, Raspberry-Pi and WIN_CC_OA has been completed. HDI-PCB for high density MPGD read-out (ULUND) – The development of a PCB for MPGD readout is based on the SALTRO16 ASIC. After more than two years of unsuccessful prototyping with industry, the idea to mount the SALTRO16 ASICS on carrier boards was abandoned, in favour of a commercial package, only slightly bigger than the die itself. As a consequence, the so called MCM-board, onto which eight carrier boards/chips are mounted, had to be re-designed to be compatible with the BGA pattern of the packaged chips. By pushing the boundaries of commercially available assembly techniques to the limit, read-out of sensor pads, as small as 6.3 mm2, could be achieved with the MCM-board connected in parallel to the pad plane. The assembly of two MCM- boards was performed at the end of 2019, followed by extensive tests of the performance. These showed that data could be read and written and thus the concept was proven to work. Also, the noise performance was promising. However, this first prototype of the readout board required some corrections, and a second version has been ordered.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 13.3 had one milestone to submit: • MS94: PCB development using HDI technology and 3D-mounting of chips for MPGD readout - ACHIEVED
Task 13.4: Preparation for large series production
The activities concerning control of foils and micromesh mechanical tensioning by optical techniques (INFN), the design of a quality control system to ensure the electrical integrity of complex electrode pattern by the pulse reflection method (INFN) and the definition of production protocols of optimized RPC components to facilitate the technology dissemination (INFN) have been completed in period P2. Mechanical support to preserve the high precision of large-size RPCs (MPG-MPP) – The design studies have been completed including details for construction and assembly tools (Figure 53).
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Figure 53: Integration of an RPC triplet in the mechanical support. Large size prototype of optical / gain scanning with high resolution (WIGNER RCP) – A new large-scale prototype has been built and operated. It can accommodate GEMs and THGEMs with size up to 50 x 90 cm2 (Figure 54).
Figure 54: Picture of the large-size setup for optical / gain scanning with high resolution.
Establishing procedure and tools for large series production of resistive MICROMEGAS anodes and the development of standard production protocols of optimized MPGD components to facilitate the technology dissemination (CEA) – Various technologies were included in these Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 96 / 147
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activities. Concerning the industrialization of bulk MMs, the industrial production of large-size (500 x 500 mm2) detector, started in P2, progressed in P3 for HEP and other applications (homeland security, pyramids, geology, control of concrete buildings, mining). Before this effort, bulk MICROMEGAS were produced only at the CERN workshop. The technology transfer for the industrial production of the large resistive anode planes of the MICROMEGAS for the ATLAS New Small Wheel project has converged. The protocol and quality control procedure for the large-size production of LEM/THGEMs for the DUNE prototype has been established including a multiple-step post-processing (Figure 55), similar to the one established for the THGEMs used for the COMPASS RICH photon detectors.
Figure 55: The various phases of the LEM/THGEM post-processing and quality control.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 13.4 had one deliverable to submit: • D13.8: MPGD gain map hole-by-hole – ACHIEVED
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WP14: Infrastructure for advanced calorimeters (JRA2)
This WP enhanced the available infrastructures in Europe for the development of calorimeter systems for HL-LHC, ILC and CLIC, beyond the state-of-the-art of present-day systems. The WP included 5 tasks: • Task 14.1 Scientific coordination • Task 14.2 Test infrastructure for innovative calorimeters with optical readout • Task 14.3 Test infrastructure for innovative calorimeters with semiconductor readout • Task 14.4 Readout systems for innovative calorimeters • Task 14.5 Mechanical and thermal tools for innovative calorimeters
Task 14.1: Scientific coordination
The meetings listed in Annex 1: Project meetings in P3 are the main method to monitor the progress of the project. All task leaders reported regularly at these meetings. These management activities contributed to the timely achievement of the milestones of the work package that were due in the last 24 months of the AIDA-2020 project.
Task 14.2: Test infrastructure for innovative calorimeters with optical readout
The task is subdivided into two subtasks: • 14.2.1: Test benches for the characterisation of organic and inorganic scintillator material • 14.2.2: Test benches for the characterisation of highly granular calorimeter elements with scintillator and SiPM readout Subtask 14.2.1: In the reporting period the Deliverable 14.1 has been completed. The test stands that have been commissioned up to M36 have been used for precise characterization of new optical materials. These materials comprise Cerium doped quartz fibres and garnet crystal fibres (CERN, ETHZ, INFN-Milano, INFN-Torino, INFN-Roma). The investigation of the time structure of signals in scintillating fibres addressed the kinetics of differential optical absorption in GAGG crystals (VU). A further example is the testbench for real time radiation damage measurement in scintillating and wavelength shifting fibres, shown in the left part of Figure 56.
Figure 56: Left: Fibre test bench at Brunel as example for a network of infrastructures to test properties of optical materials. Right: Tungsten absorber structure to test different fibre types (GAGG and YAG) in beam test at DESY in 2019. A small prototype based on a pure tungsten absorber constructed by the CRYTUR company has been constructed and used in a beam test in November 2019, see also Figure 56. This prototype comprised nine cells, each of lateral dimension 1.5x1.5cm2 and featuring a longitudinal segmentation of 4+10cm. These cells have been equipped with 1x1mm2 crystal fibres of different type: 3 GAGG cells produced by the company FOMOS and 6 YAG cells produced by the company CRYTUR. The prototype has
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become part of the R&D of the upgrade of the LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter envisaged at the end of this decade. Subtask 14.2.2: The three test stands used for the development and mass production of calorimeter elements based on the SiPM-on-tile technology (evaluation of scintillator tile design and uniformity (MPG-MPP), SMD-packaged SiPM quality assurance (DESY, UHEI), cosmic ray test stand fully assembled calorimeter active elements (JGU)) have been extensively operated, and their performance has been documented in Deliverable 14.2. The main project that made use of the test stands was the construction of the CALICE Analogue Hadron Calorimeter technological prototype, which saw first particle beams at CERN in May 2018, and has subsequently been also operated together with the CMS HGCAL prototype, as expanded in Task 14.4.1.
Figure 57: Left: Photograph of the cosmic ray test stand, showing two CALICE AHCAL detector units under test between the top and bottom trigger layers. Right: Precision scan of the response of a hexagonal scintillator tile obtained with the uniformity test stand, used for a study of the impact of misalignment of the scintillator tile with respect to the photon sensor in SiPM-on-tile based calorimeters. Figure 57 shows a photograph of the cosmic ray test stand used for the test and calibration of the CALICE AHCAL active elements prior to the first beam test at CERN, and the spatial distribution of the response of a hexagonal tile to penetrating charged particles measured with the uniformity test stand. The later measurement was performed to explore hexagonal tile geometries, and to study the impact of scintillator tile misalignment on the response to establish guidelines for the assembly precision required for the large-scale production techniques used for highly granular calorimeters.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 14.2 had two deliverables to submit: • D14.1: Fibre test benches – ACHIEVED • D14.2: Performance of test infrastructure for highly granular optical readout - ACHIEVED
Task 14.3: Test infrastructure for innovative calorimeters with semiconductor readout
The task is subdivided into two subtasks: • 14.3.1: Assembly and QA chain for silicon based electromagnetic calorimeters • 14.3.2: Infrastructure for very compact tungsten-based calorimetry
Subtask 14.3.1: The subtask has completed its deliverable in the P2 reporting period. In the P3 reporting period the prototype of a highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW ECAL) with short readout layers (18x50 cm2 until 2019 and 18x22 cm2 since 2019, see also Task 14.4.2), produced by CNRS-IJCLab, CNRS-LPNHE, CNRS-LLR has been tested in three beam tests Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 99 / 147
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at DESY and at CERN in 2018 and 2019. The infrastructure has been used for the production of a layer with 2m in length that has been used in a beam test at DESY. Further the knowhow has been transferred to the Japanese partners from Kyushu University who have constructed five short layers that have been part of the setups in 2018 and 2019. Subtask 14.3.2: In the reporting period the Deliverable 14.4 has been completed. An infrastructure for a very compact silicon-tungsten sandwich calorimeter has been setup. The infrastructure contains a flexible mechanical frame, very thin precise silicon planes, highly planar tungsten absorber plates (DESY, TAU), and compact readout boards equipped with dedicated readout ASICs, called FLAME, see Figure 58, left, using CMOS 130 nm TSMC technology (AGH-UST). The thickness of a silicon detector plane is below the gap of one mm between tungsten absorber plates of 3.5 mm thickness. To build the infrastructure, the mechanical frame had to be designed and manufactured, silicon detector planes, tungsten absorber plates and dedicated readout ASICs needed to be developed and produced. A partially instrumented version was investigated in a beam-test. A main result, is the measurement of the Molière radius, shown in the middle of Figure 58, which is an estimator for the compactness of the calorimeter. In February 2020 tests have been conducted with a full device with an electron beam at the DESY beam test facility, see Figure 58, right. A spin-off of this deliverable is the use of part of the ASIC design in ASICs for the electromagnetic and hadronic sections of the high granularity calorimeter and in the SiPM-based barrel MIP timing detector of the upgraded CMS experiment.
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Figure 58: Left: Bonded FLAME ASIC. (Middle) Molière Radius measured for 5 GeV electrons in beam test at DESY in 2016. Right: Compact calorimeter structure, mechanical frame and detector layers in the DESY beam test area in 2020.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 14.3 had one deliverable to submit: • D14.4: Very compact calorimeters - ACHIEVED
Task 14.4: Readout systems for innovative calorimeters
The task is subdivided into two subtasks: • 14.4.1: LC Calorimetric specific DAQ interfaces • 14.4.2: Low power readout and monitoring systems Subtask 14.4.1: The data acquisition systems of granular calorimeters developed in this work package meet the standards that are defined in WP5. In the P3 reporting period these standards have been applied to another common data taking of the AHCAL (Task 14.2.2) and the CMS HGCAL. A further combined test beam has been carried out with the SiW ECAL and a gaseous semi-digital hadron calorimeter (SDHCAL), for which sensitive layers have been developed in WP13. Both setups
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are shown in Figure 59 together with an event display for a hadronic shower in the combined CMS HGCAL and CALICE AHCAL setup.
Figure 59: Left: Picture of combined CMS HGCAL and AHCAL beam test setup at CERN (top) and combined event display of a hadronic shower with 300 GeV, demonstrating data synchronization (bottom). Right: Picture of combined SiW ECAL and SDHCAL beam test setup at CERN. After another standalone data taking of the SiW ECAL in 2019 using the updated readout system developed in Task 14.4.2, work is now ongoing towards a common data taking of the SiW ECAL (Task 14.3.1) and the AHCAL. A first common running was scheduled for March 2020 and had to be postponed to late autumn 2020. For this test, the software framework EUDAQ, developed in WP5, will be used for the configuration and the data acquisition. Subtask 14.4.2: In the reporting period the subtask completed the Deliverable 14.6. Two new interface cards developed by DESY and CNRS-IPNL were already available at the end of the P2 reporting period. The third one, the SL-Board shown in Figure 60, has developed by CNRS-IJCLab and has been produced at the end of 2018. It is used for the CALICE SiW-ECAL. The SL-Board is connected by a flat kapton cable (Control and Readout Kapton) to a concentrator unit consisting of two further cards, called CORE Mother and CORE Daughter. This concentrator unit can be interfaced with other systems for a common beam test. The entire system has been successfully tested during a beam test at DESY in Year 5 of AIDA-2020. Based on this test, already a Version 2 of the interface has been designed and produced in Year 5 of AIDA-2020.
Figure 60: Left: Picture of the SL-Board for the digital readout of the SiW ECAL. Right: Ensemble of prototype layer (Task 14.3.1), SL-Board, Control and Readout Kapton and CORE Mother and CORE Daughter.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 14.4 had one deliverable to submit: • D14.6: Updated readout system – ACHIEVED
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Task 14.5: Mechanical and thermal tools for innovative calorimeters
The task is subdivided into two subtasks: • 14.5.1: Precision mechanics for calorimeter structures • 14.5.2: Infrastructure to evaluate thermal properties of calorimeter structures In the reporting period the deliverable D14.7 has been achieved. Electron beam welding has been successfully demonstrated for the construction of precise self-supporting compact calorimeter absorber structures (CIEMAT). Prior to the welding the steel plates were flat at the level of 50m after roller levelling carried out with the industrial partner ARKU Maschinenbau GmbH (Germany). Afterwards the welding sequence to ensure minimal deformation during the welding has been optimised. The studies yielded into the welding of a large 1 x 3 m2 stainless steel structure in the workshop at CERN, see Figure 61. The deformations could be kept below 0.6mm over the full surface of the steel plates. The absorber structure will be equipped with gaseous layers that have been studied in WP13. While the demonstration was successful, the task also revealed the limitations of the corresponding infrastructure at research laboratories, since the absorber prototype fit barely into the welding chamber at CERN. In the future, close collaboration with industrial partners will be required to enable the construction of larger elements.
Figure 61: Left: The demonstrator being introduced in the electron beam welding machine in the CERN workshop. Right: Details of the welding performed on one side of the structure. Subtask 14.5.2: The task has completed its deliverable in the P2 reporting period. In the P3 reporting period the cooling system developed by DESY for the AHCAL has been used in several beam tests. Further studies on the large leak less loop, constructed by CNRS-LPSC, focused on the development of an efficient system for leak detection with a polarographic probe.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 14.5 had one deliverable to submit: • D14.7: Electron beam welding demonstrator - ACHIEVED
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WP15: Upgrade of beam and irradiation test infrastructure (JRA3)
This WP resulted in improvements of test beam and irradiation facilities at various European sites, designed towards qualitative and quantitative enhancements of possibilities and services offered to users. The WP included five tasks: • Task 15.1 Scientific coordination • Task 15.2 Improvements of test beam infrastructure for high precision tracking • Task 15.3 Improvements of the DESY test beam infrastructure • Task 15.4 Improvements of the test beam infrastructure at INFN-LNF • Task 15.5 Improvements of the infrastructure for irradiation tests
Task 15.1: Scientific coordination
WP15 achieved its goals successfully because it was well embedded in the existing structures at DESY, LNF-Frascati and CERN. Both WP coordinators are also the coordinators for the respective facilities at DESY and CERN, enabling a close connection of the AIDA-2020 activities with the ongoing facility operations. This WP was distinct to others, as it supports the improvement of infrastructures at DESY and INFN- LNF and the enhancement of the European irradiation facilities at CERN, Birmingham and Ljubljana, which are coordinated at CERN. Since all these activities are well integrated within the respective laboratories, the regular internal meetings at DESY, LNF-Frascati and CERN were used to monitor the progress within the WP tasks. The scientific coordination team had regular face-to-face meetings at least every two-three months either at CERN or at DESY. The team supported the fifth, sixth and seventh Beam Telescope and Test Beam Workshop (BTTB) in Barcelona, Zurich and Geneva which did not only focus on test beams and telescopes, but also covered irradiation facilities. Having satellite WP15 meetings has been extremely useful to improve contact with the user community.
Task 15.2: Improvements of test beam infrastructure for high precision tracking
This task aims to provide a 7th EUDET-type telescope for the CERN PS and to continue to support the already existing telescopes. Since the completion of the EUDET FP6 project, EUDET-type beam telescopes have played an important role in detector research and development for high-energy physics. Telescope users can contact the experts at DESY in case of technical problems, which is highly valued by the community. In addition, knowledge transfer for the user community happened during the BTTB workshop series. Detailed documentation is essential to operate seven copies of the beam telescopes in use at different test beams like SLAC, DESY, CERN SPS and PS, and ELSA in Bonn. The documentation of the hardware setup and the user manual22 is continuously updated. The telescopes have made a successful transition to EUDAQ2 and the new AIDA TLU provided by WP5.
22 https://telescopes.desy.de/
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A key ingredient of the telescope success is the availability of a complete package of hardware, DAQ (EUDAQ/EUDAQ2) and a fully-fledged reconstruction suite (EUTelescope). Another benefit from using the same hardware and software everywhere is that improvements made at e.g. DESY can then be implemented to telescopes around the globe.
Task 15.3: Improvements of the DESY test beam infrastructure
This task has two sub-tasks, enhancing the infrastructures at the DESY II Test Beam facility. Two copies of the final environmental monitoring system have been installed at DESY. The commissioning and DAQ integration have been completed and the deliverable has been achieved (D15.3). Additionally, the data can now be seamlessly integrated into EUDAQ2 (see WP5). The second deliverable of Task 15.3 is the construction and installation of an external silicon tracker inside the PCMAG Solenoid at the DESY II Test Beam Facility. This provides the users with precise tracking information with almost two order of magnitude larger acceptance than the EUDET-style pixel telescopes albeit with a factor five coarser resolution. The installation of an external Silicon tracker inside the PCMAG 1 T solenoid, providing precise tracks covering a larger area and at the same time fitting into the small area (~3.5 cm) between the potential DUT and the inner wall of the magnet is challenging. A six-layer beam telescope, with two arms made of three strip silicon sensors each, has been built at DESY and named LYCORIS. Its active 2 2 area is configurable as 9.3 x 9.3 cm or 9.3 x 18.6 cm . Commissioning tests of the full system were conducted both in the lab and at the DESY II test beam, including performance of the strip sensor, the synchronization with other devices and beam structure, and the data acquisition (DAQ) system. The core of the system is the LYCORIS module, which consists of a silicon-strip sensor with 25 휇m pitch, two 1024 channel KPiX ASICS bump-bonded to the sensor directly and a Kapton-flex cable as an interface to the DAQ and to provide both LV and HV (see Figure 62 (left)). The DAQ board is based on developments at SLAC and uses a powerful Virtex 7 FPGA and can be connected to PC using Ethernet.
Figure 62: A LYCORIS modules consisting of fine-pitch silicon strip sensor, two KPiX ASICS and a kapto-flex readout cable (left) Correlation plot of two LYCORIS planes at the DESY II Test Beam facility showing, that both planes detect particles as indicated by the straight diagonal line (right)
All the sensor modules were firstly tested in the FH-E-Lab at DESY and then at the DESY II Test Beam Facility. The prototype system was tested in February 2019. A correlation plot showcasing the sensitivity to minimum ionizing particles is shown in Figure 62 (right). The system was also upgraded to make use of the improved EUDAQ2 package developed by WP5. Now LYCORIS is completely
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integrated with EUDAQ2, has successfully taken data together with AZALEA and run inside the PCMAG with full field. In the P3 reporting period, Task 15.3 had one deliverable to submit: • D15.2: Silicon strip reference tracker at DESY - ACHIEVED
Task 15.4: Improvements of the test beam infrastructure at INFN-LNF
This task consists of two deliverables, the addition of a second beamline for the BTF (D15.4) and the re-installation of a photon-tagging system for the users (D15.5). Deliverable D15.4 is the realization of the splitting of the existing Frascati Beam-Test Facility (BTF) into two branches, allowing running two different beam-lines in parallel. This is achieved by sharing the beam from the LINAC using a pulsed 15° dipole magnet (<100 ms ramp) and a two-way vacuum pipe. This required the installation of a second set of beam diagnostics for the monitoring beam intensity, spot size, and position. Milestone MS34 was delayed by approximately 24 months, from M18 to M41 (September 2018), due to the late availability of the funding for the infrastructure upgrade; this resulted in a delay in the delivery and test of the necessary new components, especially the magnets. The delay was also necessary for the planning of the installation and commissioning, and to minimize the impact on the activities of the accelerator complex. Activities requiring the complete dismounting of the old BTF beam-line and thus stopping the facility and the LINAC were performed at end of operation in summer 2017. The Frascati staff have completed the design of the two beam-lines, the delivery and test of the new components, the improvement of the vacuum, power, cooling and conditioning systems, as well as the modifications to the building. The old beam-line has been completely dismantled and the services and infrastructure of the facility revised and upgraded. The beam commissioning of the BTF-2 line was performed during the last part of the PADME run. The tests were performed mainly with primary positrons, directly produced and accelerated by the DAΦNE LINAC to 490 MeV, i.e. without hitting the BTF target in the first part of the BTF transfer-line.
Figure 63: The BTF-1 and BTF-2 new beam-lines at the end of installation and connection of magnet power supplies, controls and cooling, and completion of vacuum system. The BTF-1 beam-line has been operational routinely since September 2018, mainly delivering positrons to the PADME experiment. The BTF-2 line, operational since the beginning of 2019, has hosted users since June 2019. A second call for allocating beam-time in 2020 occurred at the end of
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summer 2019. Operationally, BTF-1 is dedicated to long-term experiments while BTF-2 supports shorter test-beam activities. The complete redesign of the BTF facilityopened the possibility of re-engineering the photon tagging system to make it again available to the detector development community. For several applications, including astroparticle physics and gamma-ray astronomy, it is desirable to have a beam of photons with a well-defined energy or at least the feasibility to reconstruct the impinging one in the device under test (DUT). As BTF is quite flexible, a relatively low number of photons (i.e. down to the single one for each pulse) can be produced by the Bremsstrahlung of high-energy electrons on a target of suitable thickness and material installed directly in the BTF experimental hall. The generated radiation has a continuum spectrum from the primary energy (around 800 MeV) down to very low energies. If the electron momentum after the radiation is analysed, the photon energy can be reconstructed simply as the electron momentum difference (the electron mass is generally negligible). The detection timing can be long enough (> 20 ms) to enable pulse-to-pulse photon detection for easy tagging using the online monitoring feature. This way of detection overlaps with the BTF diagnostic standards where all the data are pulse-to pulse-related and available to the users as well. The BTF tagged photon source uses a target made of two Silicon micro-strips detectors (SSD) X-Y planes with dimension of 8.9×8.9 cm2, 380 μm thickness, with 384 strips with a pitch of 228 μm; the two XY planes have a variable gap up to 5 cm. This detector serves as an active target to produce Bremsstrahlung photons via the interaction and measures the incident particle track parameters (beam centroid and divergence), useful to determine the track projection over the tagging super modules. There are two tagging detector super-modules, each containing five modules of (SSD) Y-oriented microstrip detectors with an active area of 11.9x2 cm2, 384 strips each: the strip pitch of 300 μm in the central region of each module, and 600 μm in the outermost 3 mm. These units are placed in the final dipole magnet gap, for the measurement of the radiating electron energy loss. The assembly of the tagging modules must fit in a very narrow space. This leads to an innovative configuration where the hybrid board has a bonded piggyback board, suspended with pillars on the main one, hosting connectors to the frontend electronics. The photon tag original installation in the focal plane of the last magnet DHSTB203 of the new second BTF line was subject to a redesign to fit in the DHSTB002 magnet with a thin walled vacuum pipe, to overcome commissioning delays for the first magnet. This relocation was easy because of the known experimental layout, well fitting in the magnet internal area, while waiting for the possibility to be moved in the final place. After successful data taking in the BTF2 line occurred in 2019, the BTF operation has been delayed due to an unexpected vacuum event on 25 July 2019 that involved both experimental lines, causing their complete dismounting and refurbishing. The thin-walled vacuum pipe photon line was involved in this accident; however, the detectors are still operative. This event led to a change in the vacuum design and related safety system for the LINAC-BTF DAMPING RING areas, in order to permit an as-fast-as-possible beamline recovery for the beam in BTF1, which was scheduled to start in April 2020. The personnel had to be reassigned to the BTF restore operation and some units were released from this project. The installation of the tagging components in its final location can occur only after the damaged pipe is replaced. The production of the damaged pipe could not be done earlier than 2021, at the end of the refurbished BTF2 line installation, and after having completed the BTF1 run and the next user call in BTF2.
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Currently the LNF management is engaged to provide personnel and an opportunistic slot for the setup and the test of the final installation of the tagging modules. At the end of these trials, it is foreseen to include photon tagging beam time in the subsequent user calls.
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 15.4 had two deliverables to submit: • D15.4: New Frascati beam line - ACHIEVED • D15.5: Frascati photon tagging system - ACHIEVED
Task 15.5: Improvement of the infrastructure for irradiation test
Task 15.5 comprises several activities. The first one aims to improve the CERN IRRAD high-energy proton facility infrastructure and prepare it for extremely high fluence irradiations (D15.6, D15.7). During P3, the CERN team completed the work to improve the key beam instrumentation of IRRAD (D15.7), the Beam Profile Monitor (BPM) system and the holders used to position and align the samples in the proton beam spot, which were both having radiation hardness issues. During the fifth year of the AIDA-2020 project (extension of D15.6), the team carried out the development of an online database23 compiling data about the CERN, EU, and worldwide test-beam facilities for the HEP community. They also developed a model of irradiation experiments based on the “Data Manager” software tool24 for IRRAD. D15.7 combines the results of several studies aiming to evaluate the performance of the BPM system exploited in the first run of IRRAD (2014-2018) and to assess prototypes of a new enhanced BPM detector manufactured using micro-fabrication techniques (see Figure 64). D15.7 also provides an extensive analysis of the experiments performed to assess the suitability of various materials to manufacture new, more radiation-resistant, sample holders for IRRAD to be used after the LS2. Finally, this deliverable includes new “cold boxes” to perform low temperature irradiation of silicon detectors. A new generation thermal-chamber, developed in Sheffield within AIDA-2020 (D15.8), is currently used at the Birmingham low energy proton irradiation facility. The new cold box is reliable and delivers better cooling to prevent silicon sensor annealing. The irradiation facilities database, online since February 2017, has about 220 entries and has been visited more than 4500 times as of January 2020. After the success of the irradiation facilities database, the HEP experimental community requested an equivalent and enhanced platform tailored to the Test Beam facilities (see Figure 64). Therefore, after reviewing the irradiation facilities DB seeking for possible improvements, a new programme was put in place to develop a second similar database. Facility coordinators and test beam users were interviewed to understand their requirements and learn the key information necessary to build a test-beam facilities database. This comprises a list of the currently existing test beam facilities and the development of the new platform with the corresponding testing and validation. The new database was launched in January 2020, it contains 16 facilities around the world and information for a total of 27 beam-lines. Several coordinators have already validated the initial data loaded by the CERN team. As for the irradiation facility database, with this new system, facility coordinators get automatic reminders from the database tool for keeping the database content up to date. The scope of the IRRAD Data Manager (IDM) tool developed in D15.6 was instead to provide a unified software management tool for the whole dataflow of the IRRAD facility. IDM was
23 www.cern.ch/tbdb 24 https://irrad-data-manager.web.cern.ch/ Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 107 / 147
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successfully validated during the 2018 irradiation run of IRRAD, where more than 800 samples were registered and handled by this new system. In the follow-up of D15.6, a detailed model about irradiation experiments was also developed25 in order to enable a possible future extension and generalization of the IDM tool to cope with the needs of other irradiation facilities worldwide.
Figure 64: Setup for microBPMs device testing (D15.7) and screenshots of the Test-beam Facilities database (D15.6- extension). The irradiation capabilities of the JSI TRIGA reactor are a vital part of AIDA-2020 Transnational Access and serve as a reference for neutron irradiations for the HEP community. The construction and installation of the new irradiation channel (D15.9) was successfully achieved during P1. After the experimental verification of the neutron spectra and neutron and gamma flux profiles in the channel, several irradiation experiments already took place until the end of AIDA-2020. Concerning the upgrade of the gas system at the CERN Gamma Irradiation GIF++ facility (D15.10), new mixing units are operational and additional gas distribution panels have been included at the supply and in the gas systems since P2. New gas recirculation modules have been developed and built for GIF++ by the CERN team. Further developments allowed designing gas recirculation systems for detectors requiring high gas filtering capacity. Gas analysis and gas chromatography are also now available to all GIF++ users. Two infrared analysers were installed for detectors using flammable gas components. Finally, an automated O2/H2O analysis module was also built. The activity on the Augmented Reality (AR) event display, part of D15.11 (also referred to as the "muon room"), was concluded in P3. D15.11 demonstrated the possibility of showing reconstructed tracks and detector parameters in an augmented reality (AR) environment using ARToolKit SDK, the software chosen in the previous milestone as suitable for the Muon Room and ARtDeCo task. D15.11 details the tests performed at the INFN laboratory of Rome Tor Vergata and at CERN to show tracks reconstructed through a monitoring application connected to an RPC and the parameters of the same detector obtained from the DCS as shown in Figure 65. Moreover, during P3, additional Resistive- Plate-Chambers (RPCs) have been built in order to increase the cosmic tracker coverage at the GIF++ facility (see Figure 65). A cosmic tracker-based RPCs, covering a very limited part of the GIF++ bunker already existed allowing the reconstruction of cosmic muons at small incidence angles using two sets of detectors placed inside the test area. The extension of the bunker area in 2019 makes very useful to install a set of additional RPC chambers. Placing the chambers vertically on the sidewalls will allow to select muons with larger incidence angle (i.e. higher momentum) and to keep unchanged
25 Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11762, pp. 80-83. Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3- 030-32327-1_16. Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 108 / 147
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the orientation of the detectors-under-test with respect to the operation with beam. Furthermore, by appropriately positioning two of these chambers near the beam line, detector testing will take advantage of exploiting the beam halo. The newly built RPC chambers will be integrated in the already existing facility infrastructure, like power supply, gas distribution, DCS and DAQ. These hardware tasks complete the GIF++ upgrade together with the new instantaneous dose rate monitoring system developed by INRNE-Sofia and operational since November 2017 (MS85).
Figure 65: The user interface of the Qt based AR application with muon track displayed as yellow lines on top of the RPC (left). New RPC chambers under test at BB5 (right).
Contractual milestones and deliverables In the P3 reporting period, Task 15.5 had two deliverables to submit: • D15.7: Radiation-hard facility instrumentation for the CERN proton facility - ACHIEVED • D15.11: GIF++ Facility upgrade - ACHIEVED
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1.5 IMPACT Progress beyond the state of the art and expected potential impact (including the socio-economic impact and the wider societal implications of the project so far) Recently the upgrades of the LHC experiments, conceived to cope with unprecedented demands of data rates, radiation hardness and timing precision, have taken shape. They not only maintain the performances under much harsher conditions, but even improve them and thus open up new potential for physics discoveries. This becomes possible through visionary concepts and novel technologies, for which AIDA-2020 activities have been crucial, for example for establishing radiation-hard sensor technologies and readout electronics, for preparing the first implementation of highly granular calorimeter concepts, and by providing test infrastructures and software tools that keep pace with the ever more ambitious demands. AIDA-2020 was a unique framework on European level to unfold such synergies and coordinate the research on common needs of the field as a whole. The impact on the competitiveness of European detector science is evidenced by the leading roles of European representatives in many global projects. The socio-economic impact of AIDA-2020 rests on two pillars. Particle physics, like accelerator science, is particularly strong in pre-procurement R&D for series production, as required for big accelerator projects. Industrial partners then capitalise on the acquired know-how for applications targeting other markets. With dedicated Academia meets Industry events, AIDA-2020 proactively reached out to open up further fields, for example in non-destructive testing, for a fruitful transfer of particle detector technologies to meet the growing demands of industry for the faster and more detailed characterization of complex products and installations. In addition, AIDA-2020 has launched a dedicated funding for projects developing applications beyond particle physics together with industrial partners. The supported projects realised the knowledge transfer to applications via license agreements and spin-offs, with two of the three projects in the public health sector.
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2. FOLLOW-UP OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND COMMENTS FROM PREVIOUS REVIEWS
The recommendations made in the report on the Mid-term review had been followed up and implemented in P2. In P3, the cooperation between work packages was further intensified, for example in the support of common test beam experiments. The recovery from the vacuum accident at Frascati has been closely followed by the Management Team in contact with the INFN management. Finally, the outreach to industry was enhanced thanks to the successful outcome of the PoC projects.
3. DEVIATIONS FROM ANNEX 1 AND ANNEX 2
During the 3rd period, there have been minor delays in certain deliverables, milestones and tasks, which did not have any major impact on the overall achievement of the project’s objectives in any of the WPs. The table below shows the delays of deliverables and milestones larger than 4 months. 3.1 Deliverables and Milestones Deliverable Delay and justification Impact D3.7 Delayed from M39 to M57. The deliverable was Positive impact. The Advanced Tracking originally intended to develop track fitting and finding deliverable was refocused tools algorithms in the context of the aidaTT toolkit and to respond to the evolved made progress towards this goal during the first year of needs of the HEP the AIDA-2020 project. community. However, after this point, the ATLAS collaboration released a significant share of their tracking tools as an open source project called ACTS, which quickly gathered a lot of attention and support by communities such as FCC, Belle 2, Linear Collider, and ATLAS itself. Therefore, the advanced tracking activities for this deliverable needed to be refocused towards contributing to the development of ACTS in critical areas such as thread safety, performance optimization, packaging and numerical validation. D6.5 Delayed from M42 to M49 to include the shifted focus Positive impact. The Optimised of HV/HR-CMOS devices from hybrid to monolithic deliverable was refocused interconnection ones in the community. to respond to the evolved process needs of the HEP community. D9.3 Delayed from M46 to M59 in order to be linked with Positive impact. The two Technology the publication of a larger document (AIDA-2020- deliverables were linked recommendations NOTE-2020-03) and of a peer-reviewed publication to scientific publications for μ-channel which are explaining in more details the state-of-the-art summarizing the state-of- cooling technologies selected for the production process of the-art reached by the micro-channel cooling devices to be installed in future community at the end of HEP experiments. AIDA-2020, ensuring a & larger and effective dissemination of the D9.4 results in this WP.
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Qualification and characterisation of μ- channel cooling D15.11 Delayed from M48 to M60 due to procurement issues Positive Impact. The GIF++ Facility with the company producing the gas volumes. deliverable was refocused upgrade and adapted to the new layout of the GIF++ facility (irradiation area extended in 2019). The final layout of the cosmic trigger now better suits the GIF++ operation, and thus, better responds to the needs of the HEP community. D15.5 Delayed from M52 to M60 following a vacuum Medium impact. Frascati photon accident that required refurbishment of the entire beam Substantial delay in tagging system line installations. availability of the facility to the users. D7.8 Delayed from M52 to M59 due to the delay on the mask Minor impact, LGAD layout of the planar run. characterisation of characterisation sensors will be performed in the framework of the application in the HL- LHC detector upgrades. Milestone Delay Impact MS87 Delayed from M42 to M47 due to the delay on the Impact on deliverables MPW runs mask layout of the planar run. D7.7 and D7.8. completion MS91 Delayed from M44 to M60. This milestone is linked Positive impact, enhanced Integration of to deliverable D3.5, which was extended in scope with scope of the WP parallel algorithm the AIDA-2020 1-year extension and postponed to activities. scheduling M56. mechanism in Gaudi, Marlin and PandoraPFA frameworks MS93 Delayed from M44 to M48 due to the delayed No impact. RPC performance availability of the recirculation gas system. results with eco- friendly gases and use of recirculation gas systems MS97 Delayed from M46 to M60. This milestone is linked to No impact. Test report of deliverable D4.3, which was postponed to M54 with deliverable D4.3 the AIDA-2020 1-year extension. MS98 Delayed from M46 to M56. This milestone is linked to No impact. Validation radiation deliverable D7.4, which was postponed to M52 with damage model with the AIDA-2020 1-year extension. data comparison
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3.2 Tasks Task Deviation Justification Impact on other tasks The delivered access units (112%) and the number of users (125%) was well above the anticipated numbers. The tendency to more 60% of Task 11.1 complex irradiation experiments was observed foreseen TA CERN requiring a high numbers of access units and No impact projects users for individual projects. Furthermore, IRRAD supported the users community was better organized than expected several experiments could be grouped into single project. Task 11.4 80% The number of projects and users were No impact UCLouvain projects and overestimated with respect to the access units 66% users provided. The TA access units have been supported achieved according to the commitments in Annex 1. UoB has provided irradiations (remote access) for projects that required many hours of beam 22% time to carry out the thorough characterisation Task 11.5 projects and needed for the components to be qualified for the No impact UoB 23% users HL-LHC. As a result the number of planned supported access units has been reached and even exceeded, with a smaller number of projects and users than foreseen. In terms of number of projects, 15 out of 16 foreseen projects in Annex 1 were supported 94% access Task 12.1 (resulting with 94% access units delivered). Two units No impact RBI approved projects were cancelled by the users delivered and one submitted during the last quarter was not supported due to covid-19 lockdown. Only 97 % of access time (1,165 / 1,200 hours) 97% access has been completed due to the cancelation of one units project by the user. delivered In terms of number of projects, 8 out of 12 Task 12.2 foreseen projects in Annex 1 were supported. No impact ITAINNOVA This was due to the fact that the number of 66% projects focused on “complete system projects characterization (7/4)” has been much higher supported than “component characterization (1/8)” as it was originally foreseen in the project proposal.
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4. DISSEMINATION AND EXPLOITATION OF RESULTS
Scientific publications WP2 T. Bergauer et al., History, Status and Prospects of producing Silicon Sensors for HEP Experiments at Infineon Technologies, Nucl. Instrum. Journal article Meth. A 924 (2019) WP3 Conference H. Grasland et al., Floating-point profiling of ACTS using Verrou, 23rd International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear proceeding Physics (CHEP 2018) Sofia, Bulgaria, 9 - 13 Jul 2018 Conference F. Gaede et al., DD4hep a community driven detector description for HEP, 24th International Conference on Computing in High Energy and proceeding Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2019) Adelaide, Australia, 4 - 8 Nov 2019 Conference F. Gaede et al., PODIO: recent developments in the Plain Old Data EDM toolkit, CHEP 2019, Adelaide, Australia, 4 - 8 Nov 2019 proceeding Conference R. Ete et al., MarlinMT - parallelising the Marlin framework, CHEP 2019, Adelaide, Australia, 4 - 8 Nov 2019 proceeding M. Ruan et al., Reconstruction of physics objects at the Circular Electron Positron Collider with Arbor, The European Physical Journal C 78, Journal article 426 (2018) Scientific / A. Sailer et al., A detector for CLIC: main parameters and performance, 2018 Technical Note WP4 L. Gaioni on behalf of the RD53 Collaboration, Test results and prospects for RD53A, a large scale 65 nm CMOS chip for pixel readout at the Journal article HL-LHC, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 936 (2019) 282 Journal article L. Gaioni et al., First test results of the CHIPIX65 asynchronous front-end connected to a 3D sensor, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A WP5 Journal article P. Baesso et al., The AIDA-2020 TLU: a flexible trigger logic unit for test beam facilities, JINST 14 (2019) P09019 Y. Liu et al., EUDAQ2 - A Flexible Data Acquisition Software Framework for Common Test Beams EUDAQ2, JINST 14 (2019) P10033- Journal article P10033 Journal article P. Ahlburg et al., EUDAQ − A Data Acquisition Software Framework for Common Beam Telescopes, JINST 15 (2020) P01038
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WP6 Journal article F. Ehrler et al., Characterization results of a HVCMOS sensor for ATLAS, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 936 (2019) 654-656 K. Moustakas et al., CMOS Monolithic Pixel Sensors based on the Column-Drain Architecture for the HL-LHC Upgrade, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Journal article A 936 (2019) 604-607 F. J. Iguaz et al., Characterization of a depleted monolithic pixel sensors in 150 nm CMOS technology for the ATLAS Inner Tracker upgrade, Journal article Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 936 (2019) 652-653 Journal article N. Wermes, Pixel Detectors…where do we stand?, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 924 (2019) 44-50 T. Hirono et al., Depleted Fully Monolithic Active CMOS Pixel Sensors (DMAPS) in High Resistivity 150 nm Technology for LHC, Nucl. Journal article Instrum. Meth. A 924 (2019) 87-91 Conference R. Casanova et al., Design and characterization of the monolithic matrices of the H35DEMO chip, Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle proceeding Physics (TWEPP), Santa Cruz, Ca, USA, 11 - 15 Sep 2017 Conference R. Casanova et al., A Monolithic HV/HR-MAPS Detector with a Small Pixel Size of 50 µm x 50 µm for the ATLAS Inner Tracker Upgrade, proceeding TWEPP 2017, Santa Cruz, Ca, USA, 11 - 15 Sep 2017 S. Terzo et al., Characterisation of AMS H35 HV-CMOS monolithic active pixel sensor prototypes for HEP applications, JINST 14 (2019) Journal article P02016 M. Dyndal et al., Mini-MALTA: radiation hard pixel designs for small-electrode monolithic CMOS sensors for the High Luminosity LHC, JINST Journal article 15 (2020) P02005 Journal article M. Benoit on behalf of the CLICdp Collaboration, Pixel detector R&D for the Compact Linear Collider, JINST 14 (2019) C06003 WP7 15 2 th Conference Y. Zhao et al., Comparison of 35 and 50 μm thin HPK UFSD after neutron irradiation up to 6x10 neq/cm , 11 International "Hiroshima" proceeding Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors (HSTD11), Okinawa, Japan, 10-15 Dec 2017, 387-393 15 2 Journal article S. M. Mazza et al., Properties of FBK UFSDs after neutron and proton irradiation up to 6∗10 neq/cm , JINST 15 (2020) T04008 Journal article M. Ferrero et al., Radiation resistant LGAD design, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 919 (2019) 16-26 Conference R. Arcidiacono et al., Laboratory and beam test results of TOFFEE ASIC and ultra fast silicon detectors, PoS TWEPP-17 (2017) 028 proceeding Conference N. Cartiglia et al., Tracking in 4 dimensions, 2017 European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics, Venice, Italy, 5-12 Jul 2017 proceeding Journal article H. Sadrozinski et al., 4-Dimensional Tracking with Ultra-Fast Silicon Detectors, Reports on Progress in Physics (2017) Journal article N. Cartiglia et al., Timing layers, 4- and 5-dimension tracking, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 924 (2019) 350-354
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Conference J. Duarte-Campderros et al., Results on Proton-Irradiated 3D Pixel Sensors Interconnected to RD53A Readout ASIC, 15th Vienna Conference proceeding on Instrumentation (VCI), Vienna, Austria, 18-22 Feb 2019, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 944 (2019) 162625 A. Nurnberg et al., Performance evaluation of thin active-edge planar sensors for the CLIC vertex detector, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 953 (2020) Journal article 162850 M. Mandurrino et al., High performance picosecond- and micron-level 4D particle tracking with 100% ll-factor Resistive AC-Coupled Silicon Journal article Detectors (RSD), submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A Journal article M. Bomben et al., Performance of thin planar n-on-p silicon pixels after HL-LHC radiation fluences, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A Conference A. Ducourthial et al., Thin and edgeless sensors for ATLAS pixel detector upgrade, The 11th International Conference in Position Sensitive proceeding Detectors, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, 3 - 8 Sep 2017, pp.C12038 Book/Monograph CLICdp Collaboration, Detector technologies for CLIC, CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, 1/2019 M. Meschini et al., First Results on 3D Pixel Sensors Interconnected to the RD53A Readout Chip after Irradiation to 1×1016n cm−2, JINST Journal article eq 14 (2019) C06018 Scientific / S. M. Mazza et al., Effect of deep gain layer and Carbon infusion on LGAD radiation hardness, 2020 Technical Note Journal article N. Cartiglia et al., Silicon Sensors for Future Particle Trackers, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A Journal article H. F.-W. Sadrozinski et al., Experimental Study of Acceptor Removal in UFSD, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 2 th Conference N. Cartiglia et al., Tracking particles at fluences 5-10*1E16 neq/cm , 14 "Trento" Workshop on Advanced Silicon Radiation Detectors proceeding (TREDI), Trento, Italy, 25 - 28 Feb 2019 E. Curras et al., Inverse Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (iLGADs) for precise tracking and timing applications, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 958 Journal article (2020) 162545 Journal article G. Kramberger et al., Timing performance of small cell 3D silicon detectors, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 934 (2019) 26-32 Conference J.C. Beyer et al., TCAD simulations of pixel sensors for the ATLAS Itk upgrade and performance of annealed planar pixel modules, 20th proceeding International Workshop On Radiation Imaging Detectors, Sundsvall, Sweden, 24 - 28 Jun 2018 WP8 Journal article B. Aimard et al., A 4 tonne demonstrator for large-scale dual-phase liquid argon time projection chambers, JINST 13 (2018) P11003 C. Cuesta et al., Cryogenic R5912-20Mod Photomultiplier Tube Characterization for the ProtoDUNE Dual Phase Detector, JINST 13 (2018) Journal article T10006 Journal article C. Cuesta et al., A light calibration system for the ProtoDUNE-DP detector, JINST 14 (2019) T04001
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WP9 D.Hellenschmidt et al., New insights on boiling carbon dioxide flow in mini- and micro-channels for optimal silicon detector cooling, Nucl. Journal article Instrum. Meth. A 958 (2019) 162535 Scientific / A. Mapelli et al., Micro-channel cooling for collider experiments: review and recommendations, 2020 Technical Note WP13 Y. Zhao et al., The high voltage system with pressure and temperature corrections for the novel MPGD-based photon detectors of COMPASS Journal article RICH-1, Nucl.Instrum.Meth. A 942 (2019) 162378 Journal article L. Massa, The ATLAS Muon Spectrometer Upgrade for HL-LHC, Il Nuovo Cimento C, Issue 4, July-August 2019 Conference L. Massa on behalf of the ATLAS Muon collaboration, The Phase-II upgrade of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer, 6th Annual Conference on proceeding Large Hadron Collider Physics (LHCP), Bologna, Italy, 4 - 9 Jun 2018 Conference L. Massa, The BIS78 Resistive Plate Chambers upgrade of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer for the LHC Run-3, XV Workshop on Resistive Plate proceeding Chambers and related detectors, Roma, Italy, 10 - 14 Feb 2020 Conference E. Alunno Camelia et al., Optimization of RPCs read-out panel with electromagnetic simulation, XIV Workshop on Resistive Plate Chambers proceeding and related detectors (RPC), Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 19 - 23 Feb 2018 Conference L. Pizzimento et al., Development of a new Front End electronics in Silicon and Silicon-Germanium technology for the Resistive Plate Chamber proceeding detector for high rate experiments, RPC 2018, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 19 - 23 Feb 2018 Conference G. Aielli et al., RPC based 5D tracking concept for high multiplicity tracking trigger, RPC 2016, Ghent, Belgium, 22 - 26 Feb 2016 proceeding J. Agarwala et al., The MPGD-Based Photon Detectors for the upgrade of COMPASS RICH-1 and beyond, Nucl.Instrum.Meth. A 936 (2019) Journal article 416-419 Scientific / S. Dasgupta et al., A modular mini-pad photon detector prototype for RICH application at the Electron Ion Collider, 2020 Technical Note Journal article G. Bencivenni et al., The µ-RWELL layouts for high particle rate, JINST 14 (2019) P05014 WP14 H. Abramowicz et al., Measurement of shower development and its Molière radius with a four-plane LumiCal test set-up, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 Journal article (2018) 135 Journal article S. Bilokin et al., Commissioning of the highly granular SiW-ECAL technological prototype, submitted to JINST Scientific / E. Auffray et al., Fibre test benches for the characterisation of media for calorimeters with optical readout, 2019 Technical Note
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Scientific / DESY FEB/FLC, AHCAL DIF-Operating manual, 2019 Technical Note M.T. Lucchini et al., Measurement of non-equilibrium carriers dynamics in Ce-doped YAG, LuAG, and GAGG crystals with and without Mg- Journal article codoping, J. Lumin. 194 (2018) 1-7 Journal article G. Eigen et al., Gain Stabilization of SiPMs with an Adaptive Power Supply, JINST 14 (2019) P05006 Conference G. Eigen et al., Gain Stabilization of SiPMs and Afterpulsing, 18th International Conference on Calorimetry in Particle Physics (CALOR), proceeding Eugene, USA, 21 - 25 May 2018 Conference R. Poeschl (on behalf of the CALICE Collaboration), Recent results of the technological prototypes of the CALICE highly granular calorimeters, proceeding VCI 2019, Vienna, Austria, 18 - 22 Feb 2019 A. Irles et al., Beam test performance of the highly granular SiW-ECAL technological prototype for the ILC, Nucl.Instrum.Meth. A 950 (2020) Journal article 162969 F. Simon, L.M.S. de Silva, Effects of misalignment on response uniformity of SiPM-on-tile technology for highly granular calorimeters, Journal article submitted to JINST O. Pinto on behalf of the CALICE Collaboration, Operation and Calibration of a Highly Granular Hadron Calorimeter with SiPM-on-Tile Conference Read-out, 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS) and Medical Imaging Conference (MIC), Manchester, United Kingdom, 26 Oct - 2 proceeding Nov 2019 Conference I. Bozovic Jelisavcic on behalf of the FCAL Collaboration, A compact fine-grained calorimeter for luminosity measurement at a linear collider, proceeding International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS) 2019, Sendai, Japan, 28 Oct - 1 Nov 2019 Journal article N. Akchurin et al., Cerium-Doped Fused-Silica Fibers as Wavelength Shifters, JINST 14 (2019) T06006 F. Cova et al., Dual Cherenkov and Scintillation Response to High-Energy Electrons of Rare-Earth-Doped Silica Fibers, Phys. Rev. Applied Journal article 11 (2019) 024036 Conference R. Poeschl et al., CALICE SiW ECAL - Development and performance of a highly compact digital readout system, LCWS 2019, Sendai, Japan, proceeding 28 Oct - 1 Nov 2019 and the International Conference on Calorimetry at the High Energy Frontier (CHEF) Fukuoka, Japan, 25-29 Nov 2019 Scientific / The ILD Collaboration, International Large Detector: Interim Design Report, 2020 Technical Note Conference A. Irles for the CALICE Collaboration, Testing Highly Integrated Components for the Technological Prototype of the CALICE SiW-ECAL, proceeding 2019 NSS-MIC, Manchester, United Kingdom, 26 Oct - 2 Nov 2019 Conference A. Irles for the CALICE Collaboration, CALICE SiW ECAL - Development and test of the chip-on-board PCB solution, CHEF2019, Fukuoka, proceeding Japan, 25-29 Nov 2019 Conference P. Chau on behalf of the CALICE AHCAL groups, Construction, Commissioning and First Results of a Highly Granular Hadron Calorimeter proceeding with SiPM-on-Tile Read-out, 2018 NSS-MIC, Sydney, Australia, 10 - 17 Nov 2018
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M. Fasoli et al., Optical properties and radiation hardness of Pr-doped Sol-Gel silica: influence of fiber drawing process, Journal of Journal article Luminescence 192 (2017) 661-667 Conference P. Hobson, D. Smith, A portable test-bench for real-time radiation damage measurements in scintillating and wavelength-shifting fibres, 2019 proceeding NSS-MIC, Manchester, United Kingdom, 26 Oct - 2 Nov 2019 WP15 Scientific / J. Bronuzzi, G. Gorine, Beam profile monitor devices using microfabricated metal thin-films, 2019 Technical Note Scientific / P. Valente et al., First magnetic measurements of fast-ramping dipole DHPTB102 of BTF upgraded beam-lines, 2018 Technical Note Conference B. Gkotse et al., IEDM, an Ontology for Irradiation Experiment Data Management, European Semantic Web Symposium (ESWC), Portorož, proceeding Slovenia, 2 - 6 Jun 2019 Journal article F. Ravotti, Dosimetry Techniques and Radiation Test Facilities for Total Ionizing Dose Testing, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 65 (2018) 1440-1464 G. Gorine et al., Metal Thin-film Dosimetry Technology for the Ultra-high Particle Fluence Environment of the Future Circular Collider At Journal article CERN, Radiation and Applications Journal 3 (2018) 172-177 Conference B. Gkotse et al., Software Upgrades of Beam and Irradiation Test Infrastructures in AIDA-2020, ESWC 2019, Portorož, Slovenia, 2-6 Jun 2019 proceeding Scientific / S. Azimova et al., AIDA-2020 Test Beam facilities website and database user manual, 2019 Technical Note Scientific / J. Rydall Larsen, Calibration test-bench and LabVIEW-based DAQ for the RADMON portable readout system (ReadMON), 2019 Technical Note Conference M. Wu et al., Development of a large active area beam telescope based on the SiD microstrip sensor, VCI 2019, Vienna, Austria, 18-22 Feb proceeding 2019 Conference A. Vannozzi et al., Sector DC Dipoles Design for the Beam Test Facility Upgrade, 9th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC), proceeding Vancouver, Canada, 29 Apr - 4 May 2018 Conference H. Marin-Reyes et al., Evaluating the Radiation Tolerance of a Robotic Finger, 19th Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems Conference proceeding (TAROS), Bristol, United Kingdom, 25 - 27 Jul 2018
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Dissemination and communication activities
WP2 Newsletter The AIDA-2020 Collaboration, On Track Issue 10, Jul 2018 Newsletter The AIDA-2020 Collaboration, On Track Issue 11, Dec 2018 Newsletter The AIDA-2020 Collaboration, On Track Issue 12, Jul 2019 Newsletter The AIDA-2020 Collaboration, On Track Issue 13, Dec 2019 Newsletter The AIDA-2020 Collaboration, On Track Issue 14, Apr 2020 WP3 Presentation F. Gaede et al., DD4hep a community driven detector description tool for HEP, CHEP 2019, Adelaide, Australia, 4 - 8 Nov 2019 Presentation S. Wenzel et al., A VecGeom navigator plugin for Geant4, CHEP 2019, Adelaide, Australia, 4 - 8 Nov 2019 Presentation F. Gaede et al., PODIO: Recent developments in the Plain Old Data EDM toolkit, CHEP 2019, Adelaide, Australia, 4 - 8 Nov 2019 Presentation R. Ete et al., MarlinMT - parallelising the Marlin framework, CHEP 2019, Adelaide, Australia, 4 - 8 Nov 2019 WP4 Presentation V. Re, 3D integration and silicon pixel detectors, 27th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (Vertex 2018), Chennai, 21-26 Oct 2018 WP5 Presentation L. Huth, The EUDET telescopes: Status, Performance and Prospects, 8th Beam Telescopes and Test Beams Workshop (BTTB8), Tbilisi 27-31 Jan 2020 WP7 Presentation N. Cartiglia, Tracking particles at fluences 1E16 – 1E17 n/cm2, TREDI 2019, Trento, Italy, 25 - 28 Feb 2019 M. Ferrero et al., Studies of the acceptor removal mechanism in UFSD irradiated with neutrons and protons, TREDI 2019, Trento, Italy, 25 - Presentation 28 Feb 2019 Presentation V. Sola et al., Characterisation of 50 μm thick LGAD manufactured by FBK & HPK, TREDI 2019, Trento, Italy, 25 - 28 Feb 2019 Presentation M. Tornago et al., Performances of the third UFSD production at FBK, 33rd RD50 Workshop, CERN, 26-28 Nov 2018 Presentation M. Ferrero et al., Studies of the radiation hardness of the FBK UFSD3 production, 33rd RD50 Workshop, CERN, 26-28 Nov 2018 Presentation A. Staiano et al., Fast Timing and 4D Tracking with UFSD Detectors, Vertex 2018, Chennai, 21-26 Oct 2018 V. Sola et al., Fast Timing Detectors towards a 4-Dimensional Tracking, International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP), Seoul, Presentation 4-11 Jul 2018 Presentation N. Cartiglia et al., Why shot noise in LGAD does not degrade time resolution?, TREDI 2018, Munich, Germany, 19-21 Feb 2018
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M. Ferrero et al., Effects of protons and neutrons irradia1on to the gain layer and bulk of 50-micron thick FBK LGAD sensors doped with Presentation Boron, Boron Low diffusion, Gallium, Carbonated Boron and Carbonated Gallium, 32nd RD50 Workshop, Hamburg, 4-6 Jun 2018 V. Sola on behalf of the CMS Collaboration, Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes for Precision Timing in the CMS Endcap, Workshop on Pico-Second Presentation Timing Detectors for Physics and Medical Applications, Torino, 16-18 May 2018 Presentation N. Cartiglia, Timing layers, 4D- and 5D-tracking, HSTD11, Okinawa, Japan, 10-15 Dec 2017 Presentation N. Cartiglia, Signal formation and designed optimization of Resistive AC-LGAD (RSD), TREDI 2020, Vienna, Austria, 17-19 Feb 2020 A. Cassese, Results on 3D Pixel Sensors for the CMS Inner Tracker Upgrade at the High Luminosity LHC, TREDI 2020, Vienna, Austria, 17- Presentation 19 Feb 2020 Presentation V. Sola et al., Silicon Sensors for Extreme Fluences, TREDI 2020, Vienna, Austria, 17-19 Feb 2020 Presentation S.M. Mazza, R&D on LGAD radiation hardness in the HL-LHC environment, TREDI 2020, Vienna, Austria, 17-19 Feb 2020 Presentation S.M. Mazza, Deep Junction LGAD: a new approach to high granularity LGAD, TREDI 2020, Vienna, Austria, 17-19 Feb 2020 M. Meschini, Radiation Resistant Innovative 3D Pixel Sensors for the CMS Upgrade at the High Luminosity LHC, HSTD12, Hiroshima, Japan, Presentation 14-18 Dec 2019 Presentation S. Terzo et al., A new generation of radiation hard 3D pixel sensors for the HL-LHC era, HSTD12, Hiroshima, Japan, 14-18 Dec 2019 Presentation N. Cartiglia, 4D tracking systems at future hadron colliders, HSTD12, Hiroshima, Japan, 14-18 Dec 2019 Presentation R. Arcidiacono et al., State-of-the-art and evolution of UFSD sensors design at FBK, HSTD12, Hiroshima, Japan, 14-18 Dec 2019 Presentation V. Sola, Next-Generation Tracking System for Future Hadron Colliders, Vertex 2019, Lopud Island, Croatia, 13-18 Oct 2019 Presentation A. Morozzi et al., TCAD advanced radiation damage modelling in silicon detectors, Vertex 2019, Lopud Island, Croatia, 13-18 Oct 2019 WP9 Poster D. Hellenschmidt et al., New insights on boiling carbon dioxide flow in mini- and micro-channels for optimal silicon detector cooling, VCI 2019, Vienna, Austria, 18-22 Feb 2019 D. Hellenschmidt, P. Petagna, Saturation temperature effects on boiling properties of carbon dioxide in mini- and micro-channels, 10th Presentation International Conference on Multiphase Flow, ICMF 2019, Rio de Janeiro, 19-24 May 2019 WP13 L. Massa on behalf of the ATLAS Muon collaboration, The Phase-II upgrade of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer, LHCP 2018, Bologna, Italy, Poster 4 - 9 Jun 2018 L. Massa on behalf of the ATLAS Muon collaboration, The BIS78 Resistive Plate Chambers upgrade of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer for the Presentation LHC Run-3, RPC 2020, Roma, Italy, 10-14 Feb 2020 L. Massa, L’aggiornamento dello spettrometro per muoni di ATLAS per il programma di alta luminosità di LHC, XVII Incontri di Fisica delle Presentation Alte Energie (IFAE), Milano, Italy, 4 - 6 April 2018
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S. Dalla Torre, MPGD-based photon detectors for the upgrade of COMPASS RICH-1 and beyond, 14th Pisa meeting on Advanced detectors, Presentation Elba, Italy, 27 May –2 June 2018 J. Agarwala, Optimized MPGD-based photon detectors for high momentum particle identification at the Electron-Ion Collider, 14th Pisa Poster meeting on Advanced detectors, Elba, Italy, 27 May –2 June 2018 S. Dalla Torre, MPGD-based photon detectors for the upgrade of COMPASS RICH-1 and beyond, 6th International Conference on Micro Presentation Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD 2019), La Rochelle, France, 6-10 May 2019 WP14 A. Irles on behalf of the SiW-ECAL collaboration, Introduction to the CALICE/ILD SiW ECAL and recent testbeam results, LCWS 2018, Presentation Texas, USA, 22 – 26 Oct 2018 Presentation V. Boudry et al., CALICE/ILD SiW-ECAL: Models and First Tests of a Long Slab, LCWS 2018, Texas, USA, 22 – 26 Oct 2018 Presentation G. Eigen et al., Gain stabilization of SiPMs and afterpulsing, CALOR 2018, Eugene, USA, 21 - 25 May 2018 R. Poeschl on behalf of the CALICE Collaboration, Recent results of the technological prototypes of the CALICE highly granular calorimeters, Presentation VCI 2019, Vienna, Austria, 18-22 Feb 2019 P. Hobson, D.R. Smith, A portable test-bench for real-time radiation damage measurements in scintillating and wavelength-shifting fibres, Poster 2019 IEEE NSS-MIC, Manchester, United Kingdom, 26 Oct - 2 Nov 2019 I. Laktineh on behalf of the CALICE Collaboration, Exploring the structure of hadronic showers and hadronic energy reconstruction with Presentation highly granular calorimeters, European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics (EPS-HEP), Ghent, Belgium, 10-17 Jul 2019 Poster J. Jeglot et al., New Compact Readout Electronics for SiW Ecal, TWEPP 2019, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 2-6 Sep 2019 Presentation V. Boudry et al., CALICE/ILD SiW-ECAL an adaptative design, LCWS 2019, Sendai, Japan, 28 Oct - 1 Nov 2019 Presentation R. Poeschl, A. Irles, Report on the 2019 Beam test and DESY and FEV_COB Performance, LCWS 2019, Sendai, Japan, 28 Oct - 1 Nov 2019 R. Poeschl et al., SiW Ecal Compact Digital Electronics: implementation & performance in test beam, LCWS 2019, Sendai, Japan, 28 Oct - 1 Presentation Nov 2019 I. Bozovic Jelisavcic on behalf of the FCAL Collaboration, A compact fine-grained calorimeter for luminosity measurement at a linear collider, Presentation LCWS 2019, Sendai, Japan, 28 Oct - 1 Nov 2019 K. Kruger on behalf of the CALICE Collaboration, The CALICE AHCAL - a highly granular SiPM-on-tile hadron calorimeter prototype, Presentation CHEF 2019, Fukuoka, Japan, 25-29 Nov 2019 A. Irles on behalf of the SiW-ECAL collaboration, Report on the 2019’s SiW-ECAL beam test @DESY and the COB performance, CHEF 2019, Presentation Fukuoka, Japan, 25-29 Nov 2019 Presentation R. Poeschl on behalf of the ILD Collaboration, (Selected) MDI Issues of ILD, MDI Workshop at IAS Conference, Hong Kong, 16-17 Jan 2020
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A. Irles on behalf of the SiW-ECAL collaboration, Testing highly integrated components for the technological prototype of the CALICE SiW- Poster ECAL, 2019 IEEE NSS-MIC, Manchester, United Kingdom, 26 Oct - 2 Nov 2019 WP15 B. Gkotse et al., The CERN Proton Irradiation Facility IRRAD during and after the CERN Long Shutdown 2, 7th Beam Telescopes and Test Presentation Beams Workshop (BTTB7), Geneva, Switzerland, 14-18 Jan 2019 M. Wu et al., Development of a large active area beam telescope based on the SiD micro-strip sensor, VCI 2019, Vienna, Austria, 18-22 Feb Poster 2019 Poster M. Wu et al., Lycoris: A large area beam telescope based on hybrid-less silicon sensors, 2018 NSS-MIC, Sydney, Australia, 10 - 17 Nov 2018 Presentation M. Wu, LYCORIS, a large area strip telescope for the DESY test beam, Asian Linear Collider Workshop, Fukuoka, Japan, 28 May 2018 Presentation T. Behnke et al., Lycoris: Large Area Telescope, BTTB7, Geneva, Switzerland, 14-18 Jan 2019 Presentation M. Wu et al., A hybrid-less micro strip telescope for the DESY II Test Beam Facility, 5th Annual MT Meeting, 7 Mar 2019 Poster U. Kraemer et al., Lycoris: Large Area Silicon Strip Telescope, 4th Annual MT Meeting, 2018, HZB Berlin Presentation U. Kraemer et al., Lycoris: Large Area Telescope, LCWS 2018, Texas, USA, 22 – 26 Oct 2018 Poster D.R. Freytag et al., Development of a beam telescope based on a hybrid-less micro-strip sensor, 2019 Poster J. Dreyling-Eschweiller, Beam Telescopes at DESY II Test Beam Facility, 2018 Presentation J. Dreyling-Eschweiller, Improvements of test beam infrastructure for high precision tracking, BTTB7, Geneva, Switzerland, 14-18 Jan 2019 Presentation J. Dreyling-Eschweiller, Status of the EUDET-type beam telescope infrastructure, BTTB7, Geneva, Switzerland, 14-18 Jan 2019 J. Dreyling-Eschweiller, Higher rates for common beam telescopes: New synchronisation modes and decentralized data-taking for the EUDET- Presentation based infrastructure, 2018 NSS-MIC, Sydney, Australia, 10 - 17 Nov 2018 Poster J. Dreyling-Eschweiller, P. Schütze, The DESY II Test Beam Facility, 2018 Presentation B. Gkotse et al., Test Beam Facilities Database & Website (TBDB), BTTB8, Tbilisi 27-31 Jan 2020 Presentation U. Kraemer et al., First performance results of the Lycoris large area strip telescope, BTTB8, Tbilisi 27-31 Jan 2020
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ANNEX 1: PROJECT MEETINGS IN P3
Date Meeting Venue 13.09.2018 AIDA-2020 Steering Committee #16 CERN 22.11.2018 AIDA-2020 Steering Committee #17 CERN 24.01.2019 AIDA-2020 Steering Committee #18 CERN 29.01.2019 Management meeting #12 Vidyo 07.03.2019 AIDA-2020 Steering Committee #19 CERN 02-05.04.2019 AIDA-2020 Fourth Annual Meeting Oxford, UK 05.04.2019 Governing board meeting at the AIDA-2020 Fourth Annual Meeting Oxford, UK 22.04.2020 AIDA-2020 Final meeting GVB preparation Vidyo 29.04.2019 Management meeting #13 Vidyo 09.05.2019 AIDA-2020 Steering Committee #20 CERN 04.07.2019 AIDA-2020 Steering Committee #21 CERN 19.09.2019 AIDA-2020 Steering Committee #22 CERN 26.03.2020 AIDA-2020 Steering Committee #23 Vidyo 28-30.04.2020 AIDA-2020 Final Annual Meeting Vidyo 29.04.2020 Governing board meeting at the AIDA-2020 Final Annual Meeting Vidyo 29.04.2020 Scientific Advisory board meeting at AIDA-2020 Final Annual meeting Vidyo WP2 04/04/2019 AIDA-2020 - Academia meets Industry - Non-Destructive Testing Oxford, UK WP3 27.06.2018 AIDA-2020 WP3 monthly phone meeting Phone 05.09.2018 AIDA-2020 WP3 monthly phone meeting Phone 23.11.2018 AIDA-2020 WP3 monthly phone meeting Phone 12.02.2019 AIDA-2020 WP3 monthly phone meeting Phone 07.05.2019 AIDA-2020 WP3 monthly phone meeting Phone 23.04.2020 AIDA-2020 WP3 final meeting Phone WP4 26.03.2019 Discussion of TSV processing in 65nm CMOS wafers Vidyo WP5 16.05.2018 EUDAQ / Common DAQ / Monitoring ( Monthly at DESY ) DESY 20.06.2018 EUDAQ / Common DAQ / Monitoring ( Monthly at DESY ) DESY 29.08.2018 EUDAQ / Common DAQ / Monitoring ( Monthly at DESY ) DESY 12.09.2018 EUDAQ / Common DAQ / Monitoring ( Monthly at DESY ) DESY
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16.10.2018 EUDAQ 1 paper meeting DESY 17.10.2018 EUDAQ / Common DAQ / Monitoring ( Monthly at DESY ) DESY 07.11.2018 EUDAQ / Common DAQ / Monitoring ( Monthly at DESY ) DESY 27.11.2018 EUDAQ 1 paper meeting DESY 05.12.2018 EUDAQ / Common DAQ / Monitoring ( Monthly at DESY ) DESY 08.01.2019 EUDAQ 1 paper meeting DESY 09.01.2019 EUDAQ / Common DAQ / Monitoring ( Monthly at DESY ) DESY 21.05.2019 EUDAQ 1 paper meeting DESY 21.09.2019 EUDAQ 1 paper meeting DESY WP6 28.11.2019 AIDA-2020 WP6 (CMOS) Meeting CERN 26.01.2018 AIDA WP6 Meeting CERN WP7 7-8.06.2018 WP7 test-beam discussion Vidyo 28.02.2019 WP7 face to face meeting in Trento Trento 25.06.2019 WP7 validation of radiation damage simulations Vidyo 25.09.2019 WP7 Comparison of data-radiation damage simulation Vidyo WP9 28.04.2020 Full WP9 meeting Vidyo WP13 19.10.2018 AIDA2020-WP13_19_October_2018 Vidyo WP14 10.09.2018 WP14 Task leaders Phone Meeting Vidyo 10.01.2019 WP14 Face to Face Meeting CERN 13.02.2020 WP14 Face to Face Meeting CERN WP15 14.01.2019 AIDA-2020 WP15 satellite meeting during 7th BTTB Workshop CERN
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ANNEX 2: LIST OF USER SELECTION PANEL MEMBERS
Family name First name Gender Nationality Home Institution Home Institution Town, Country
Einsweiler Kevin Male United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California, United States Lazic Dragoslav Male Serbia Boston University Boston, United States Garutti Erika Female Italy Hamburg University Hamburg, Germany Wilkens Henric Male Netherlands CERN Geneva, Switzerland Mikuz Marko Male Slovenia JSI - Institut Jozef Stefan Ljubljana, Slovenia Arteche Fernando Male Spain ITAINNOVA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón Zaragoza, Spain
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ANNEX 3: LIST OF PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO TRANSNATIONAL ACCESS (PUBLISHED IN P3)
TA Project Publication Publication Peer Open Authors Title References DOI Acronym Year type reviewed Access Active-edge FBK-INFN- 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020- G. Calderini LPNHE thin n-on-p pixel NIM A 936 (2019) Journal 2018 yes ima.2018.1 no CERN-TB-2015-07 et al. sensors for the upgrade of the 638-639 publication 0.035 ATLAS Inner Tracker The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter AIDA-2020- Volume 321 - Conference 10.22323/1 2018 J. Little Phase-II Upgrade Demonstrator yes yes CERN-TB-2015-19 (LHCP2018) proceeding .321.0026 Data Acquisition and Software Performance of alternative AIDA-2020- Naoki Tsuji Conference 2018 scintillator tile geometry for LCWS 2018 no N/A yes CERN-TB-2015-20 et al. proceeding AHCAL AIDA-2020- F. Sefkow A highly granular SiPM-on-tile Conference 2018 CALOR 2018 no N/A yes CERN-TB-2015-20 and F. Simon calorimeter prototype proceeding Construction, Commissioning AIDA-2020- and First Results of a Highly Conference 2018 Phi Chau IEEE 2018 no N/A yes CERN-TB-2015-20 Granular Hadron Calorimeter proceeding with SiPM-on-Tile Read-out 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020- N. Venturi et Diamond Pixel Detectors and JINST 11 C12062, Conference 48- 2016 yes no CERN-TB-2016-04 al. 3D Diamond Devices PIXEL 2016 proceeding 0221/11/12 /C12062 Test beam results of ATLAS 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020- J. Jansen et DBM pCVD diamond detectors JINST 12 C03072, Conference 48- 2017 yes no CERN-TB-2016-04 al. using a novel threshold tuning IRPRD16 proceeding 0221/12/03 method /C03072 Recent results from beam tests AIDA-2020- R. Wallny et Conference 10.22323/1 2017 of 3D and pad pCVD diamond ICHEP 2016 yes yes CERN-TB-2016-04 al. proceeding .282.0276 detectors
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A. 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020- Diamond detector technology: Conference 2017 Alexopoulos VERTEX 2016 yes ima.2018.0 yes CERN-TB-2016-04 status and perspectives proceeding et al. 6.009 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020- L. Baeni et Diamond detectors for high JINST 13 C01029, Conference 48- 2018 yes no CERN-TB-2016-04 al. energy physics experiments PSD11 proceeding 0221/13/01 /C01029 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020- H. Kagan et Diamond detector technology, NIM A924, 297, Conference 2018 yes ima.2018.0 no CERN-TB-2016-04 al. status and perspectives HSTD11 proceeding 6.009 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020- N. Venturi et Results on radiation tolerance of NIM A924, 241, Conference 2018 yes ima.2018.0 no CERN-TB-2016-04 al. diamond detectors HSTD11 proceeding 8.038 Irradiation and performance of 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020- F. Acerbi et RGB-HD Silicon JINST 14 (2019) Journal 48- 2019 yes yes CERN-TB-2016-06 al. Photomultipliers for calorimetric no.02, P02029 publication 0221/14/02 applications /P02029 10.1088/17 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. AIDA-2020- G. Ballerini Conference 42- 2018 Status of the ENUBET project 1056 (2018) no.1, yes yes CERN-TB-2016-06 et al. proceeding 6596/1056/ 012047 1/012047 ENUBET: High Precision AIDA-2020- F. Pupilli et PoS NuFact2017 Conference 10.22323/1 2018 Neutrino Flux Measurements in yes yes CERN-TB-2016-06 al. (2018) 087 proceeding .295.0087 Conventional Neutrino Beams Shashlik calorimeters: Novel 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020- NIM A 936 (2019) Conference 2018 M. Pari et al. compact prototypes for the yes ima.2018.1 no CERN-TB-2016-06 148-149 proceeding ENUBET experiment 1.041 A monitored beam for precise 10.1393/nc AIDA-2020- Nuovo Cim. C41 Conference 2018 M. Pari et al. neutrino flux determination: The yes c/i2018- yes CERN-TB-2016-06 (2018) no.3, 110 proceeding ENUBET project 18110-0 Testbeam performance of a 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020- G. Ballerini shashlik calorimeter with fine- JINST 13 (2018) Conference 48- 2018 yes no CERN-TB-2016-06 et al. grained longitudinal no.01, P01028 proceeding 0221/13/01 segmentation /P01028 Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 128 / 147
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AIDA-2020- A. Longhin High precision measurements of PoS NEUTEL2017 Conference 10.22323/1 2018 yes yes CERN-TB-2016-06 et al. neutrino fluxes with ENUBET (2018) 050 proceeding .307.0050 Positron identification in the AIDA-2020- F. Pupilli et PoS NEUTEL2017 Conference 10.22323/1 2017 ENUBET instrumented decay yes yes CERN-TB-2016-06 al. (2018) 078 proceeding .307.0078 tunnel The ENUBET project: high AIDA-2020- F. Terranova precision neutrino flux PoS EPS-HEP2017 Conference 10.22323/1 2017 yes yes CERN-TB-2016-06 et al. measurements in conventional (2017) 138 proceeding .314.0138 neutrino beams K. A. Use of Large-Area Photodiodes Balygin, M. 10.1134/S0 AIDA-2020- for Improving the Instrum. Exp. Tech. Journal 2018 S. Ippolitov, yes 020441218 no CERN-TB-2016-09 Characteristics of an 61 (2018) publication A. I. Klimov 040140 Electromagnetic Calorimeter et al. 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020- J. Lange et 3D silicon pixel detectors for the JINST 11 (2016) Journal 48- 2016 yes yes CERN-TB-2016-10 al. High-Luminosity LHC C11024 publication 0221/11/11 /C11024 10.1088/17 Radiation hardness of small- AIDA-2020- J. Lange et Conference 48- 2018 pitch 3D pixel sensors up to HL- TIPP 2017 no yes CERN-TB-2016-10 al. Proceeding 0221/13/09 LHC fluences /P09009 10.1088/17 Radiation hardness of small- AIDA-2020- J. Lange et JINST 13 (2018) Journal 48- 2018 pitch 3D pixel sensors up to a yes yes CERN-TB-2016-10 al. P09009 publication 0221/13/09 fluence of 3e16 neq/cm2 /P09009 10.1088/17 Upgrade of the ATLAS Tile Journal of Physics: AIDA-2020- Conference 42- 2018 F. Scuri et al. Calorimeter for the High Conference Series, yes yes CERN-TB-2016-13 proceeding 6596/1162/ Luminosity LHC (CALOR2018) 1/012017 Development of the monolithic AIDA-2020- L. Argemia Conference 10.22323/1 2018 "MALTA" CMOS sensor for the TWEPP2018 yes yes CERN-TB-2016-15 et.al. proceeding .343.0155 ATLAS ITk outer pixel layer
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The Baby MIND muon AIDA-2020- Volume 314 (EPS- Conference 10.22323/1 2017 E. Noah et al. spectrometer for the J-PARC yes yes CERN-TB-2016-16 HEP2017) proceeding .314.0508 T59 (WAGASCI) experiment http://inspir Baby MIND: A magnetised AIDA-2020- S-P. Hallsjö Conference ehep.net/re 2017 spectrometer for the WAGASCI NuPhys2016-Hallsjö no yes CERN-TB-2016-16 et al. proceeding cord/16647 experiment 77 https://arxi AIDA-2020- Baby MIND Experiment Conference 2017 S. Parsa et al. NuPhys2016 no v.org/abs/1 yes CERN-TB-2016-16 Construction Status proceeding 704.08917 Synchronization of the 2017 XXVI 10.1109/ET AIDA-2020- G. Mitev et distributed readout frontend International Conference 2017 no .2017.8124 no CERN-TB-2016-16 al. electronics of the Baby MIND Scientific Conference proceeding 369 detector Electronics (ET) 10.1088/17 Baby MIND: A magnetized AIDA-2020- A. Mefodiev Conference 48- 2017 segmented neutrino detector for JINST 12 C07028 yes no CERN-TB-2016-16 et al. proceeding 0221/12/07 the WAGASCI experiment /C07028 Novel design features of the AIDA-2020- Volume 295 Conference 10.22323/1 2018 S. Parsa et al. Baby MIND detector for T59- yes yes CERN-TB-2016-16 (NuFact2017) proceeding .295.0152 WAGASCI experiment Baby MIND: A magnetised AIDA-2020- Volume 295 Conference 10.22323/1 2018 S-P. Hallsjö spectrometer for the WAGASCI yes yes CERN-TB-2016-16 (NuFact2017) proceeding .295.0078 experiment https://s3.c ern.ch/inspi re-prod- Charge current quasi-elastic AIDA-2020- files- 2018 S-P. Hallsjö muon neutrino interactions in glathesis:2018-41123 PhD Thesis no yes CERN-TB-2016-16 f/fa3907e6 the Baby MIND detector ef08cc6207 f202dbbfd1 127b
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CaloCube: an innovative CALOR 16, IOP 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020- L. Pacini et homogeneous calorimeter for Journal of Physics Conference 42- 2017 no yes CERN-TB-2016-18 al. the next-generation space Conference series, proceeding 6596/928/1 experiments Vol 928 /012013 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020- G. Antchev Diamond detectors for the Journal 48- CERN-TB-2015- 2017 JINST 12 P03007 yes yes et al TOTEM timing upgrade publication 0221/12/03 10, 2016-11 /P03007 First testbeam results of AIDA-2020- Susanne prototype modules for the 2016 ICHEP2016 Presentation no N/A yes DESY-2015-02 Kuehn upgrade of the ATLAS strip tracking detector AIDA-2020- https://doi. Test beam evaluation of silicon DESY-2015-02, A. J. Blue et NIM A 924 (2019) Journal org/10.101 2018 strip modules for ATLAS phase- yes yes 2016-02, 2017-05, al. 108-111 publication 6/j.nima.20 II strip tracker upgrade
2018-04 18.09.041 F. Ruhr on AIDA-2020- behalf of the Test beam results of prototype DESY-2015-02, 2019 ATLAS ITk modules for the ATLAS ITk BTTB7 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, Strip Strip Detector 2018-04 collaboration AIDA-2020- M. Sykora on DESY-2015-02, behalf of the ITk Strip Module Design and Conference 2018 PoS (Vertex 2018) yes N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, ATLAS ITk Performance proceeding 2018-04 collaboration AIDA-2020- J. Keller on DESY-2015-02, behalf of the The ATLAS ITk Strip Detector 2019 VCI 2019 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, ATLAS for the HLLHC 2018-04 collaboration Active-edge FBK-INFN-LPNHE https://doi. AIDA-2020- G. Calderini thin n-on-p pixel sensors for the NIM A 936 (2019) Journal org/10.101 2018 yes no DESY-2018-02 et al. upgrade of the ATLAS Inner 638-639 publication 6/j.nima.20 Tracker 18.10.035
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Performance of thin planar n-on- 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020- M. Bomben NIM A 927 (2019) Journal 2018 p silicon pixels after HL-LHC yes ima.2019.0 no DESY-2018-02 et al. 219-229 publication radiation fluences 2.033 First test beam results of AIDA-2020- Susanne prototype modules for the Conference 2016 ICHEP2016 yes N/A yes DESY-2015-02 Kuehn upgrade of the ATLAS strip paper tracking detector Adrian Irles AIDA-2020- on behalf of Introduction to the CALICE/ILD DESY-2017-06, 2018 the SiW- SiW ECAL and recent testbeam LCWS2018 Presentation no N/A yes 2018-06 ECAL results collaboration AIDA-2020- CALICE/ILD SiW-ECAL: Vincent DESY-2017-06, 2018 Models and First Tests of a Long LCWS2018 Presentation no N/A yes Boudry et al. 2018-06 Slab Development and Evaluation of Novel, Large Area, Radiation Ottawa-Carleton AIDA-2020- R. Holub Master 2017 Hard Silicon Microstrip Sensors Institute for Physics, yes N/A yes DESY-2016-02 Hunter thesis for the ATLAS ITk Experiment August 2017 at the HL-LHC AIDA-2020- Commissioning of the highly Adrian Irles Journal DESY-2017-06, 2018 granular SiW-ECAL JINST yes N/A yes et al. publication 2018-06 technological prototype Latest developments on the A. Irles on AIDA-2020- highly granular Silicon-Tungsten behalf of the IEEE NSS/MIC 2017 Conference DESY-2017-06, 2018 Electromagnetic Calorimeter yes N/A yes CALICE Conference Record paper 2018-06 technological prototype for the collaboration International Large Detector AIDA-2020- DQM4HEP - A Generic Online IEEE NSS/MIC 2017 Conference DESY-2017-06, 2018 A. Irles et al. Monitor for Particle Physics yes N/A yes Conference Record paper 2018-06 Experiments
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Study of the performance of a V. Ghenescu, compact sandwich calorimeter AIDA-2020- Journal 2016 Y.Benhamm for the instrumentation of the arXiv no N/A yes
DESY-2015-01 publication ou very forward region of a future linear collider detector Study of the performance of a compact sandwich calorimeter AIDA-2020- Y.Benhamm Conference 2016 for the instrumentation of the VCI 2016 yes N/A yes
DESY-2015-01 ou paper very forward region of a future linear collider detector AIDA-2020- Y.Benhamm Progress towards an ultra 2016 LCWS 2015 Presentation no N/A yes
DESY-2015-01 ou compact LumiCal Beam test performance of the AIDA-2020- 10.1016/j.n highly granular SiW-ECAL NIM A 950 (2020) Journal DESY-2017-06, 2019 A. Irles et al. yes ima.2019.1 yes technological prototype for the 162969 publication 2018-06 62969 ILC Recent results of the AIDA-2020- technological prototypes of the Conference 2019 R. Poeschl VCI 2019 yes N/A DESY-2018-06 CALICE highly granular paper calorimeters AIDA-2020- CALICE/ILD SiW-ECAL a 26 Conference DESY-2017-06, 2018 V. Boudry Layer Modeland 1st Tests of a LCWS 2018 yes N/A yes paper 2018-06 Long Slab AIDA-2020- K. J. R. DESY-2015-02, The ATLAS tracker strip 2016 Cormier et VERTEX 2016 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, detector for HL-LHC, al. 2018-04, 2019-01 AIDA-2020- Testbeam evaluation of heavily DESY-2015-02, irradiated silicon strip modules 2017 A. Blue et al. HSTD11 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, for ATLAS Phase-II Strip 2018-04, 2019-01 Tracker Upgrade,
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AIDA-2020- DESY-2015-02, ATLAS ITk Strip Detector for 2017 J. Kroll et al. VERTEX 2017 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, High-Luminosity LHC, 2018-04, 2019-01 AIDA-2020- Test-beam results of irradiated DESY-2015-02, V. Fabiani et 2017 and un-irradiated prototypes for BTTB5 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, al. the ATLAS ITk Strip detector 2018-04, 2019-01 AIDA-2020- Overview of Irradiation and DESY-2015-02, 2017 J. Kroll et al. Testbeam work for the ATLAS BTTB5 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, ITk Strips 2018-04, 2019-01 AIDA-2020- Charles University, DESY-2015-02, Tests of Semiconductor Master 2017 M. Sykora Prague, Czech yes N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, Detectors for ATLAS Upgrade thesis Republic (70 pages) 2018-04, 2019-01 Theses of reports at XVII conference on AIDA-2020- A.V. Cooled CdTe X-ray detector for high energy physics DESY-2018-05, 2019 Shchagin et observation of ionization loss of and nuclear physics, Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, al. 1 GeV electrons at DESY 26-29 March 2019, 2019-03 KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine, p. 111 Theses of reports at XVII conference on AIDA-2020- Observation of transition A.V. high energy physics DESY-2018-05, radiation peak from 2.8 GeV 2019 Shchagin et and nuclear physics, Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, electrons in a multilayer target al. 26-29 March 2019, 2019-03 diffracted in a silicon plate KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine, p. 112
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Theses of reports at XVII conference on AIDA-2020- Formation region effects in x-ray A.V. high energy physics DESY-2018-05, transition radiation by 1…6 GeV 2019 Shchagin et and nuclear physics, Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, electrons in multilayer targets of al. 26-29 March 2019, 2019-03 different period KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine, p. 113 Theses of reports at XVII conference on AIDA-2020- Proposal to study diffracted X- S.V. high energy physics DESY-2018-05, ray transition radiation by a 2019 Trofymenko and nuclear physics, Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, “half-bare” electron on the test- et al. 26-29 March 2019, 2019-03 beam facility at DESY KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine, p. 115 Theses of reports at XLIХ international Measuring spectra of transition AIDA-2020- Tulinov conference A.V. radiation produced by 2.8 GeV DESY-2018-05, on physics of charged 2019 Shchagin et electrons in a multilayer Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, particles interaction al. aluminum target and diffracted 2019-03 with crystals, 29 – 31 in a silicon crystal May 2019, Moscow р. 79 Theses of reports at XLIХ international AIDA-2020- Tulinov conference A.V. Measurement of 1 GeV electrons DESY-2018-05, on physics of charged 2019 Shchagin et energy loss using an electrically Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, particles interaction al. cooled CdTe detector at DESY 2019-03 with crystals, 29 – 31 May 2019, Moscow, р. 94
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Theses of reports at XLIХ international AIDA-2020- Tulinov conference R.M. Formation region effects in X- DESY-2018-05, on physics of charged 2019 Nazhmudino ray emission by 1-6 GeV Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, particles interaction v et al. electrons 2019-03 with crystals, 29 – 31 May 2019, Moscow, р. 126 XIII International symposium Radiation of Relativistic AIDA-2020- Measurement of 1-GeV A.V. Electrons in Periodic DESY-2018-05, electrons ionization loss spectra 2019 Shchagin et Structure (RREPS- Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, in a CdTe crystal with a al. 2019), Belgorod, 2019-03 thickness of 1 mm Russia, September 15-20, 2019, Book of Abstract, p. 110 AIDA-2020- X-ray transition radiation A.V. DESY-2018-05, produced by 2.8-GeV electrons RREPS-2019, Book 2019 Shchagin et Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, in a multilayer aluminum target of Abstract, p. 54 al. 2019-03 and diffracted in a silicon crystal AIDA-2020- Manifestation of the formation S.V. DESY-2018-05, length effect for x-ray transition RREPS-2019, Book 2019 Trofymenko Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, radiation by 1-6 GeV electrons of Abstract, p. 118 et al. 2019-03 in periodic multifoil radiators Application of Timepix detector AIDA-2020- for measurement of X-rays DESY-2018-05, A.S. Gogolev RREPS-2019, Book 2019 produced by low-intensity Presentation no N/A yes 2018-07, 2019-02, et al. of Abstract, p. 120 electron beam passing through a 2019-03 periodic target AIDA-2020- Formation region effects in x-ray S.V. 10.1016/j.n DESY-2018-05, transition radiation from 1-6 NIM B 476 (2020) Journal 2020 Trofymenko yes imb.2020.0 yes 2018-07, 2019-02, GeV electrons in multilayer 44-51 publication et al. 4.033 2019-03 targets Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 136 / 147
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A new compact electronics for AIDA-2020- Conference 2019 J. Jeglot CALICE SiW calorimeter TWEPP2019 no N/A yes DESY-2018-06 poster readout AIDA-2020- An adaptive design for the ILD Conference 2019 V. Boudry LCWS2019 no N/A yes DESY-2018-06 SiW-ECAL talk CALICE SiW ECAL - Development and first beam test AIDA-2020- Conference 2019 A. Irles results of detection elements LCWS2019 no N/A yes DESY-2018-06 talk using Chip-on-Board Technology CALICE SiW ECAL - Development and first beam test AIDA-2020- Conference 2019 R. Poeschl results of detection elements LCWS2019 no N/A yes DESY-2018-06 talk using Chip-on-Board Technology CALICE SiW ECAL - AIDA-2020- Development and performance Conference 2019 R. Poeschl. LCWS2019 no N/A yes DESY-2018-06 of a highly compact digital talk readout system CALICE SiW ECAL -- AIDA-2020- R. Poeschl et Development and performance Conference accepted by 2019 CHEF2019 yes yes DESY-2018-06 al. of a highly compact digital paper JINST readout system AIDA-2020- K. J. R. The ATLAS tracker strip DESY-2015-02, 2016 Cormier et VERTEX2016 Presentation no N/A yes detector for HL-LHC 2016-02 al. https://doi. AIDA-2020- ATLAS ITk Strip Detector for Conference org/10.223 DESY-2015-02, 2018 J. Kroll et al. VERTEX2017 yes yes High-Luminosity LHC paper 23/1.309.0 2016-02, 2017-05
008 AIDA-2020- C. David et A new strips tracker for the DESY-2015-02, 2017 PSD11 Presentation no N/A yes al. upgraded ATLAS ITk detector 2016-02, 2017-05
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AIDA-2020- Studies of adhesives and metal Humboldt University, Doctoral DESY-2015-02, 2018 L. Poley contacts on silicon strip sensors Berlin, Germany (261 no N/A yes thesis 2016-02, 2017-05 for the ATLAS Inner Tracker pages) AIDA-2020- DESY-2015-02, M. Sykora et ITk Strip Module Design and 2018 VERTEX2018 Poster no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, al. Performance 2018-04 AIDA-2020- DESY-2015-02, C. T. Klein et Quality control for ATLAS ITk 2018 VERTEX2018 Poster no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, al. strip sensor production 2018-04 AIDA-2020- https://doi. Quality Control for ATLAS DESY-2015-02, C. T. Klein et Conference org/10.223 2019 Inner Tracker Strip Sensor VERTEX2018 yes yes 2016-02, 2017-05, al. paper 23/1.348.0 Production
2018-04 056 AIDA-2020- DESY-2015-02, ATLAS ITk Strip Detector for 2018 A. Blue et al. VERTEX2018 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, High-Luminosity LHC 2018-04 AIDA-2020- https://doi. DESY-2015-02, ATLAS ITk Strip Detector for Conference org/10.223 2019 A. Blue et al. VERTEX2018 yes yes 2016-02, 2017-05, High-Luminosity LHC paper 23/1.348.0
2018-04 025 AIDA-2020- https://doi. The ATLAS ITk strip detector DESY-2015-02, J. Keller et Conference org/10.101 2019 system for the High Luminosity VCI 2019 yes yes 2016-02, 2017-05, al. paper 6/j.nima.20 LHC upgrade
2018-04 19.04.007 AIDA-2020- Test Beam Characterization of DESY-2015-02, E. Rossi et Prototype Modules for the 2019 VERTEX2019 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, al. ATLAS Inner Tracker Strip 2018-04, 2019-01 Detector
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AIDA-2020- Test beam studies of barrel and DESY-2015-02, F. Ruehr et endcap modules for the ATLAS 2019 HSTD12 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, al. ITk strip detector before and 2018-04, 2019-01 after irradiation Investigation of performance and AIDA-2020- https://doi. the influence of environmental University of DESY-2015-02, Doctoral org/10.178 2019 C. T. Klein conditions on strip detectors for Cambridge, UK (198 no yes 2016-02, 2017-05, thesis 63/CAM.4 the ATLAS Inner Tracker pages)
2018-04, 2019-01 5814 Upgrade Submitted AIDA-2020- Testbeam studies of barrel and as DESY-2015-02, F. Ruehr et end-cap modules for the ATLAS Conference NIMA_PR 2020 HSTD12 yes yes 2016-02, 2017-05, al. ITk strip detector before and paper OCEEDIN 2018-04, 2019-01 after irradiation GS-D-20- 00053 AIDA-2020- DESY-2015-02, A. Rodriguez Test beam results for the 2020 BTTB8 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, Rodriguez ATLAS ITk Strip upgrade 2018-04, 2019-01 AIDA-2020- The ATLAS Strip Detector DESY-2015-02, A. Rodriguez 2020 System for the High-Luminosity INSTR20 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02, 2017-05, Rodriguez LHC 2018-04, 2019-01 AIDA-2020- E. Curras et First study of small-cell 3D 10.1016/j.n NIM A DESY-2017-10 2019 al. Silicon Pixel Detectors for the Journal yes ima.2019.0 yes
High Luminosity LHC 4.037 Development and Evaluation of Novel, Large Area, Ottawa-Carleton AIDA-2020- R. Holub Radiation Hard Silicon Institute for Physics, Master DESY-2016-02 2017 Hunter Microstrip Sensors for the yes N/A yes August 2017 thesis ATLAS ITk Experiment at the
HL-LHC
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AIDA-2020- An adaptative design for the ILD V. Boudry LCWS2019 Conference DESY-2018-06 2019 SiW-ECAL no N/A yes Talk
AIDA-2020- Channeling radiation for Muon Channeling radiation 2020 L. Bandiera Presentation no N/A yes DESY-2018-08 Collider for Muon Collider F. Ruehr on AIDA-2020- behalf of the Test Beam Results of Prototype CERN-IRRAD- 2019 ATLAS ITk Modules for the ATLAS ITk BTTB7 Presentation no N/A yes 2016-02 Strip Strip Detector collaboration J. Keller on AIDA-2020- behalf of the The ATLAS ITk Strip Detector CERN-IRRAD- 2019 VCI 2019 Presentation no N/A yes ATLAS for the HLLHC 2016-03 collaboration M. Sykora on AIDA-2020- behalf of the ITk Strip Module Design and PoS (Vertex2018)057 Conference CERN-IRRAD- 2018 yes N/A yes ATLAS ITk Performance (2019) proceeding 2016-04 collaboration Active-edge FBK-INFN-LPNHE AIDA-2020- 10.1016/j.n G. Calderini thin n-on-p pixel sensors for the NIM A 936 (2019) Journal CERN-IRRAD- 2018 yes ima.2018.1 no et al. upgrade of the ATLAS Inner 638-639 publication 2017-01 0.035 Tracker AIDA-2020- Performance of thin planar n-on- 10.1016/j.n M. Bomben NIM A 927 (2019) Journal CERN-IRRAD- 2019 p silicon pixels after HL-LHC yes ima.2019.0 no et al. 219-229 publication 2017-01 radiation fluences 2.033 AIDA-2020- S. Otero Multiplication onset and electric PoS (Vertex2017) Conference 10.22323/1 CERN-IRRAD- 2018 Ugobono et field properties of proton yes yes 041 proceeding .309.0041 2017-03 al. irradiated LGADs
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Radiation Hardness Qualification of the AIDA-2020- 2018 IEEE Radiation 10.1109/N M. Andreotti Amplifier/Discriminator ASICs Conference CERN-IRRAD- 2018 Effects Data yes SREC.2018 no et al. Production for the Upgrade of proceeding 2017-06 Workshop (REDW) .8584280 the LHCb RICH Detector Front- end Electronics AIDA-2020- J. Duarte- Results on Proton-Irradiated 3D Conference CERN-IRRAD- 2019 Campderros Pixel Sensors Interconnected to VCI 2019 yes N/A yes proceeding 2018-02 et al. RD53A Readout ASIC Radiation damage in p-type EPI AIDA-2020- Y. silicon pad diodes irradiated with CERN-IRRAD- 2019 Gurimskaya VCI 2019 Poster no N/A green different particle types and 2018-03 et al. fluences Materials Science in AIDA-2020- Anneal induced transformations 10.1016/j. E. Gaubas et Semiconductor Journal CERN-IRRAD- 2018 of defects in hadron irradiated Si yes mssp.2017. no al. Processing, Volume publication 2018-03 wafers and Schottky diodes 11.035 75, 2018, 157-165 10.1109/N AIDA-2020-JSI- M. Centis Neutron induced radiation 2016 IEEE Conference 2016 no SSMIC.201 no 2015-17 Vignali et al. damage of KETEK SiPMs NSS/MIC/RTSD proceedings 6.8069733 First tests of a novel radiation 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-JSI- H. Pernegger hard CMOS sensor process for JINST 12 (2017) Journal 48- 2017 yes yes 2016-05 et. al. Depleted Monolithic Active P06008 publication 0221/12/06 Pixel Sensors /P06008 Monolithic pixel development in 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- H. Pernegger TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS for NIM A 924 (2019) Journal 2017 yes ima.2018.0 no 2016-05 et. al. the outer pixel layers in the 92-98 publication 7.043 ATLAS experiment A process modification for CMOS monolithic active pixel 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- W. Snoeys et NIM A 871 (2017) Journal 2017 sensors for enhanced depletion, yes ima.2017.0 yes 2016-18 al. 90-96 publication timing performance and 7.046 radiation tolerance
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10.1088/17 Y. Musienko, Radiation damage in silicon AIDA-2020-JSI- JINST 12 (2017) Journal 48- 2017 A. Heering et photomultipliers exposed to yes no 2016-28 C07030 publication 0221/12/07 al neutron radiation /C07030 Y. Musienko, Radiation damage of prototype 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- NIM A 912 (2018) Journal 2018 A. Heering et SiPMs for the CMS HCAL yes ima.2017.1 no 2016-28 359-362 publication al Barrel phase I upgrade 2.059 Y. Musienko, Low temperature characteristics 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- NIM A 936 (2019) Journal 2018 A. Heering et of SiPMs after very high neutron yes ima.2018.0 no 2016-28 671-673 publication al irradiation 9.111 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- S. Cerioli et Analysis methods for highly NIM A 924 (2019) Conference 2019 yes ima.2019.1 Yes 2017-04 al. radiation-damaged SiPMs 87-91 proceedings 62729 Characterisation of AMS H35 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-JSI- S. Terzo et HV-CMOS monolithic active JINST 14 (2019) Journal 48- 2019 yes no 2017-06 al. pixel sensor prototypes for HEP P02016 publication 0221/14/02 applications /p02016 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- M.Ferrero et Radiation resistant LGAD NIM A 919 (2019) Journal 2019 yes ima.2018.1 yes 2017-07 al. design 16–26 publication 1.121 H. AIDA-2020-JSI- 4-Dimensional tracking with Rep. Prog. Phys (81) Journal 2017 Sadrozinski yes yes 2017-07 Ultra-Fast Silicon Detectors 026101 publication et al. Radiation damage in p-type EPI Y. AIDA-2020-JSI- silicon pad diodes irradiated with 2019 Gurimskaya VCI 2019 Poster no yes 2017-08 different particle types and et al. fluences 10.1088/17 Characterization of irradiated AIDA-2020-JSI- M. Centis JINST 13 (2018) Conference 48- 2018 APDs for picosecond time yes no 2017-10 Vignali et.al. C01041 proceedings 0221/13/01 measurements /c01041
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Deep Diffused APDs for 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- M. Centis Charged Particle Timing NIM A 949 (2020) Journal yes 2018 yes ima.2019.1 2017-10 Vignali et.al. Applications: Performance after 162930 publication (arXiv) 62930 Neutron Irradiation Deep diffused Avalanche 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- M. Centis NIM A 958 (2020) Journal 2019 photodiodes for charged yes ima.2019.1 Yes 2017-10 Vignali et.al. 162405 publication particles timing 62405 Depleted fully monolithic active 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- T. Hirono et CMOS pixel sensors (DMAPS) NIM A 924 (2019) Journal 2019 yes ima.2018.1 No 2017-11 al. in high resistivity 150 nm 87-91 publication 0.059 technology for LHC Evaluation of characteristics of 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- S. Wada et NIM A 924 (2019) Conference 2019 Hamamatsu low-gain avalanche yes ima.2018.0 Yes 2017-12 al. 380-386 proceedings detectors 9.143 Study of n-on-p sensors 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- C. Helling et NIM A 924 (2019) Journal 2019 breakdown in presence of yes ima.2018.0 No 2017-13 al. 147-152 publication dielectrics placed on top surface 8.123 Electrical characterization of 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-JSI- G.-F. Dalla FBK small-pitch 3D sensors JINST 12 (2017) Journal 48- 2017 yes no 2017-14 Betta et al. after g-ray, neutron and proton C11028 publication 0221/12/11 irradiations /C11028 R.Mendicino Characterization of FBK small- 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-JSI- M.Boscardin, pitch 3D diodes after neutron JINST 14 (2019) Conference 48- 2019 16 yes No 2017-14 G.F.Dalla irradiation up to 3.5 x 10 neq C01005 proceedings 0221/14/01 Betta cm-2 /C01005 Characterisation of novel 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-JSI- S. Terzo et prototypes of monolithic HV- JINST 12 (2017) Journal 48- 2017 yes no 2017-17 al. CMOS pixel detectors for high C06009 publication 0221/12/06 energy physics experiments /C06009 Characterisation of AMS H35 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-JSI- S. Terzo et HV-CMOS monolithic active JINST 14 (2019) Journal 48- 2019 yes Yes 2017-17 al. pixel sensor prototypes for HEP P02016 Publication 0221/14/02 applications /P02016
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Studying signal collection in the 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- punch-through protection area of NIM A 924 (2019) Journal 2019 L. Poley et al yes ima.2018.0 no 2017-19 a silicon micro-strip sensor using 116-119 publication 6.085 a micro-focused X-ray beam Properties of HPK UFSD after 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- Z. Galloway NIM A 940 (2019) Journal 2019 neutron irradiation up to 6e15 yes ima.2019.0 no 2017-22 et al. 19-29 publication n/cm2 5.017 Lab and Test Beam Results of 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-JSI- M. Weers et Irradiated Silicon Sensors with JINST 13 (2018) Journal 48- 2018 yes no 2017-26 al. modified ATLAS Pixel C11004 publication 0221/13/11 Implantations /C11004 First annealing studies of 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-JSI- M. Wagner irradiated silicon sensors with JINST 14 (2019) Journal 48- 2019 yes yes 2017-26 et al. modified ATLAS pixel C11003 publication 0221/14/11 implantations /C11003 Metal Thin-film Dosimetry Technology for the Ultra-high Radiation & 10.21175/R AIDA-2020-JSI- G. Gorine et Journal 2019 Particle Fluence Environment of Applications, vol.3, yes adJ.2018.0 yes 2018-03, 2017-09 al publication the Future Circular Collider At issue3, 172-177 3.029 CERN Measurement of the relative 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- M. Mironova response of small-electrode NIM A 956 (2020) Journal 2020 yes ima.2019.1 no 2018-04 et al. CMOS sensors at Diamond 163381 publication 63381 Light Source 10.1088/17 Electrical characterization of AIDA-2020-JSI- D.M.S. JINST 14 (2019) Journal 48- 2019 AMS aH18 HV-CMOS after yes yes 2018-06 Sultan et al. C05003 publication 0221/14/05 neutrons and protons irradiation /C05003 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- M. Ferrero et Radiation resistant LGAD NIM A 919 (2019) Journal 2019 yes ima.2018.1 yes 2018-07 al. design 16-26 publication 1.121
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R.Mendicino 10.1088/17 Characterization of FBK small- AIDA-2020-JSI- M.Boscardin, JINST 14 (2019) Journal 48- 2019 pitch 3D diodes after neutron yes no 2018-09 G.-F. Dalla C01005 publication 0221/14/01 irradiation up to 3.5x1016 n cm-2 Betta eq /C01005 First results on 3D pixel sensors 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-JSI- M. Meschini interconnected to the RD53A JINST 14 (2019) Journal 48- 2019 yes no 2018-10 et al. readout chip after irradiation to 1 C06018 publication 0221/14/06 16 -2 x 10 neq cm /C06018 Y. Radiation damage in p-type EPI 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-JSI- NIM A 958 Journal 2019 Gurimskaya silicon pad diodes irradiated with yes ima.2019.0 no 2018-16 (2020) 162221 publication et al. protons and neutrons 5.062 Spectroscopy of defects in neutron irradiated ammono- Lithuanian Journal of 10.3952/ph AIDA-2020-JSI- J. Pavlov et thermal GaN by combining Journal 2019 Physics, volume: 59 no ysics.v59i4 yes 2018-17 al. photoionization, publication Issue: 4, 211-223 .4137 photoluminescence and positron annihilation techniques Radiation damage in p-type EPI Y. AIDA-2020-JSI- silicon pad diodes irradiated with 2019 Gurimskaya VCI 2019 Poster no N/A yes 2017-08 different particle types and et al. fluences Radiation tolerance study on 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-KIT- irradiated AC-coupled, poly- NIM A 913 (2019) Journal 2019 G. Jain et al. yes ima.2018.1 no 2015-3 silicon biased, p-on-n silicon 97-102 publication 0.118 strip sensors developed in India High rate capability and 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-KIT- A. radiation tolerance of the new JINST 12 (2017) Journal 48- 2017 yes yes 2015-4 Starodumov CMS pixel detector readout chip C01078 publication 0221/12/01 PROC600 /C01078 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-KIT- M. Metzler et Front-side biasing of n-in-p JINST 13 (2018) Journal 48- 2018 yes yes 2016-02 al. silicon strip detectors P11007 publication 0221/13/11 /P11007
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Radiation tolerance study on 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-KIT- irradiated AC-coupled, poly- NIM A 913 (2019) Journal 2019 G. Jain et al. yes ima.2018.1 no 2016-09 silicon biased, p-on-n silicon 97-102 publication 0.118 strip sensors developed in India Characterisation of AMS H35 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-KIT- S. Terzo et HV-CMOS monolithic active JINST 14 (2019) Journal 48- 2019 yes no 2017-01 al. pixel sensor prototypes for HEP P02016 publication 0221/14/02 application /P02016 10.1088/17 Radiation hardness of small- AIDA-2020-KIT- J. Lange et JINST 13 (2018) Journal 48- 2018 pitch 3D pixel sensors up to a yes no 2017-02 al. P09009 publication 0221/13/09 fluence of 3×1016 n /cm2 eq /P09009 Active-edge FBK-INFN-LPNHE 10.1016/j.n AIDA-2020-KIT- G. Calderini thin n-on-p pixel sensors for the NIM A 936 (2019) Journal 2018 yes ima.2018.1 no 2018-01, 2015-02 et al. upgrade of the ATLAS Inner 638-639 publication 0.035 Tracker 10.1088/17 AIDA-2020-KIT- S. Terzo et Performance of Irradiated JINST 14 (2019) Journal 48- 2019 yes no 2018-04 al. RD53A 3D Pixel Sensors P06005 publication 0221/14/06 /P06005 Characterization of RD53A AIDA-2020-KIT- A. 2018 compatible n-in-p planar pixel PIXEL 2018 Presentation no N/A yes 2018-05 Macchiolo sensors Studies of the acceptor removal AIDA-2020-KIT- M. Ferrero et 2019 mechanism in UFSD irradiated TREDI 2019 Presentation no N/A yes 2018-06 al. with neutrons and protons 10.18429/J T. ESS nBLM: Beam Loss ACoW- AIDA-2020-UoB- Conference 2018 Papaevangel Monitors based on Fast Neutron HB2018 no HB2018- yes 2018-01 proceeding ou et al. Detection THA1WE0 4 scCVD Diamond Membrane Physica Status Solidi 10.1002/ps AIDA-2020-RBI- Zahradnik et Journal 2018 based Microdos. for Hadron A 215 (2018) yes sa.2018003 yes 2017-1 al publication Therapy 1800383 83 Grant Agreement 654168 PUBLIC 146 / 147
RD AIDA-2020 3 PERIODIC REPORT Date: 30/06/2020
Raman mapping of 4-MeV C AIDA-2020-RBI- Journal of Raman Journal 10.1002/jrs 2019 Flessa et al. and Si channelling implantation yes yes 2017-03 Spectroscopy publication .5629 of 6H-SiC Diamond Detector With Laser- Formed Buried Graphitic 10.1109/JS AIDA-2020-RBI- Salvatori et IEEE Sensors Journal Journal 2019 Electrodes: Micro-Scale yes EN.2019.2 yes 2017-02 al 19 (2019) 11908 publication Mapping of Stress/Charge 939618 Collection Efficiency Fully depleted MAPS in 110nm Accepted AIDA-2020-RBI- R. Santoro et IEEE Transactions on Journal 2020 CMOS process with 100-300mu yes to be - 2017-02 al. Electron Devices publication active substrate published Micro laser characterization of AIDA-2020-RBI- R.A. 300mm fully-depleted Conference Under 2020 Conference (IPRD19) yes - 2017-02 Giampaolo monolithic active pixel sensor in paper JINST review 110nm CMOS technology Susceptibility characterization of 10.1109/E P. Leitl ; F. IEEE AIDA-2020-EMC- beam pipe radiated noise for the MCEurope. 2019 Müller, M. EMC Europe 2019 Conference yes yes 2016-1 PXD detector in Belle II 2019.88715 Iglesias et al. proceedings experiment 43 J. Pre- AIDA-2020-EMC- Christiansen, RD53A chip susceptibility to PoS Journal published 2020 yes yes 2018-01 A.Pradas et electromagnetic conducted noise (TWEPP2019)064 publication (electronic al. format)
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