April 5, 2021 Mr. Michael W. Mclaughlin Via Email: Mmclaughlin

April 5, 2021

Mr. Michael W. McLaughlin via email: [email protected] Elementary Field Representative Boston Teachers Union 180 Mt. Vernon Street Dorchester, MA 02125

RE: Observation and Documentation of HVAC Airflow Assessments Boston Public Schools EFI Project Number 020.01453

Dear Mr. McLaughlin:

At the request of the Boston Teachers Union (BTU), representatives of EFI Global, Inc. (EFI) observed and documented the assessment of representative classroom airflow and air change rates at eighty-seven (87) Boston Public Schools. The assessments were conducted by representatives of Cashins and Associates, Inc. (Cashins) during the period from February 11 to March 3, 2021.

SCOPE OF SERVICES

EFI provided two industrial hygiene (IH) technicians to observe and document airflow assessments conducted by representatives of Cashins. Representatives of Cashins conducted airflow/air change rate assessments utilizing two different assessment methods to assess the adequacy of airflow in representative school building classrooms: 1) direct-reading airflow measurements collected with a device known as a balometer or airflow capture hood, and 2) an assessment method known as the CO2 decay method. The schools assessed by means of direct-reading airflow measurements were those that are equipped with mechanical ventilation systems, and the schools assessed by means of the CO2 decay method were those that are not equipped with mechanical ventilation systems and instead utilize operable windows as a means of ventilation.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

Balometer Method

An airflow capture hood was used to directly measure air inflow volumes at ceiling-mounted air duct supply-air diffusers, and unit ventilator diffusers. These measurements, along with measured classroom air volumes, were used to compute classroom air change rates.

CO2 Decay Method

Where necessary, the assessment of representative classroom airflow and air change rates was conducted by utilizing the CO2 decay testing method. The method involves a number of variables such as air velocity at an open window, rate of fan speed and measured classroom air volumes.

The following process was utilized in each classroom:

1. Measure the outdoor CO2 concentration outside of the school building. 2. Measure the air volume of the classroom. 3. Measure air velocity at an open classroom window. 4. Close all classroom doors and windows.

5. Fill classroom to approximately 2,000 ppm CO2 using a cylinder of compressed CO2 while mixing into existing air with fans. 6. Set fan at door facing out into hallway, open one window to set standard of 4 inches, and vacate classroom.

7. Start timer and wait until the classroom CO2 concentration has diminished to 1,200 ppm. Stop timer. Note time elapsed. 8. Measure air velocity at window again. 9. Calculate air changes per hour (ACH).

An EFI representative confirmed that the nine-step process was used in all of the classrooms that were assessed.

SCHOOLS ASSESSED

The names and locations of school buildings that were assessed, the dates on which the assessments occurred, lists of the classrooms that were assessed at each of the schools and, where they were made available by Cashins, results of the assessments, are presented in the following tables:

Table 1: Schools Assessed using Balometer Method Location # School Name/Address Date Completed Rooms Tested 1 Joseph P. Tynan Elementary 2/11/2021 200, 225, 218, 129, 116 650 E. 4th St., Boston, MA 2 Lilla G. Frederick Pilot Middle School 2/11/2021 107, 105, 208, 222, 313, 330 270 Columbia Rd., Boston, MA 3 Joseph Lee K-8 School 2/11/2021 109, 112, 101, 206, 215, 306, 155 Talbot Ave., Boston, MA 315// 4 Mathers School 2/11/2021 206, 214, 302, 318, 403, 414 1 Parish St., Dorchester, MA 5 Paul A. Dever School 2/11/2021 110, 102, 113, 217, 208, 203 325 Mt Vernon St., Boston, MA 6 John W. McCormack Middle School 2/11/2021 127, 134, 135, 232, 238, 229 315 Mt Vernon St., Dorchester, MA

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Table 1: Schools Assessed using Balometer Method Location # School Name/Address Date Completed Rooms Tested 7 Higginson Elementary School 2/11/2021 101, 103, 105, 202, 203, 205 160 Harrishof St., Roxbury, MA 8 Mildred Avenue K-8 School 2/12/2021 115, 117, 207, 216, 304, 323 5 Mildred Ave., Mattapan, MA 9 Mattahunt Elementary School 2/12/2021 123, 215, 231, 317, 318, 334 100 Hebron St., Mattapan, MA 10 William H. Ohrenberger 3-8 Grades School 2/12/2021 101, 118, 125, 201, 214, 236 175 W Boundary Rd., West Roxbury, MA 11 Beethoven Elementary School 2/12/2021 111, 113, 114, 206, 207, 208 5125 Washington St., West Roxbury, MA 12 Edward Everett Elementary School 2/16/2021 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 14 71 Pleasant St., Dorchester, MA 13 William E. Russell School 2/16/2021 102, 109, 217, 215, 211, 750 Columbia Rd., Dorchester, MA 214A 14 Dudley Street Neighborhood Charter 2/16/2021 109, 110, 111, 112 School 6 Shirley St., Roxbury, MA 15 Boston Latin Academy 2/16/2021 104, 107, 247, 240, 333, 344 205 Townsend St., Boston, MA 16 Greater Egleston Community High School 2/16/2021 202, 211, 215, 210, 205, 216 80 School St., Boston, MA 17 Mendell Elementary School 2/16/2021 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12 164 School St., Boston, MA 18 John F. Kennedy Elementary School 2/16/2021 101, 104, 107, 208, 205, 201 7 Bolster St., Jamaica Plain, MA 19 James Michael Curley School 2/16/2021 110, 117, 111, 212, 201, 209 40 Pershing Rd., Jamaica Plain, MA 20 The English High School 2/16/2021 321, 301, 420, 442, 556, 507 144 McBride St., Boston, MA 21 Boston Teachers Union K-8 School 2/16/2021 101, 208, 12, 105, 117, 25 Walk Hill St., Boston, MA Basement Art Room 22 Washington Irving Middle School 2/16/2021 215, 208, 204, 303, 310, 317 105 Cummins Hwy., Roslindale, MA 23 Manassah E. Bradley School 2/17/2021 204, 206, 212F, 103, 101, 110 Beachview Rd., East Boston, MA 105 24 Curtis Guild Elementary School 2/17/2021 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12 195 Leyden St., East Boston, MA 25 East Boston High School 2/17/2021 41, 139, 159, 244, 259, 355 86 White St., East Boston, MA 26 Eliot School 2/17/2021 105, 202, 206, 306, 403, 408 16 Charter St., Boston, MA 27 Josiah Quincy Upper School 2/17/2021 108, 107, 208, 217, 307, 317 152 Arlington St., Boston, MA 28 Hurley K-8 School 2/17/2021 102, 112, 105A, 201, 203, 70 Worcester St., Boston, MA 207 29 Blackstone Elementary School 2/17/2021 B11, B15, B34, A24, A41, A47 380 Shawmut Ave., Boston, MA

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Table 1: Schools Assessed using Balometer Method Location # School Name/Address Date Completed Rooms Tested 30 Boston Latin School 2/17/2021 121, 137, 221, 234, 303, 514 78 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 31 Madison Park Technical Vocational High 2/17/2021 229, 275, 341, 384, 365, 245 School 75 Malcolm X Blvd., Boston, MA 32 Franklin Roosevelt School 2/18/2021 101, 104, 105, 106, 107, 112 30 Millstone Rd., Hyde Park, MA 33 Franklin Roosevelt Upper School 2/18/2021 101, 102, 103, 107A, 202, 95 Needham Rd., Hyde Park, MA 204 34 Another Course to College 2/18/2021 131, 135, 141, 216, 211, 213 612 E. Metropolitan Ave., Hyde Park, MA 35 Boston Community Leadership Academy 2/18/2021 011, 014, 114, 117, 211, 216 655 Metropolitan Ave., Boston, MA 36 New Mission High School 2/18/2021 042, 046, 136, 147, 233, 248 655 Metropolitan Ave., Hyde Park, MA 37 Henry Grew School 2/18/2021 101, 103, 106, 201, 202, 204 40 Gordon Ave., Hyde Park, MA 38 George Conley Elementary School 2/18/2021 102, 103, 105, 202, 205, 206 450 Poplar St., Roslindale, MA 39 Phineas Bates Elementary School 2/18/2021 101, 102, 103, 202, 204, 426 Beech St., Roslindale, MA 206B 40 Charles Sumner School 2/18/2021 102, 109, 111, 201, 202, 209 15 Basile St, Boston, MA 41 Joyce Kilmer Upper School 2/18/2021 101, 104, 105, 203, 204, 205 140 Russett Rd., Boston, MA 42 Mattahunt Elementary School 2/19/2021 215 (re-test), 231 (re-test) 100 Hebron St., Mattapan, MA 43 Dennis C. Haley Pilot School 2/19/2021 128, 129, 130, 101, 154, 158 570 American Legion Hwy., Roslindale, MA 44 William Ellery Channing Elementary 2/19/2021 101, 103, 110, 201, 204, 215 School 35 Sunnyside St., Hyde Park, MA

Table 2: Schools Assessed using CO2 Decay Method Location # School Name/Address Date Completed Rooms Tested Results* 1 James P. Timilty Middle School 02/11/2021 216, 215 216 – 6.9 ACH 205 Roxbury Street 318, 316, 305, 215 – 6.6 ACH Roxbury, MA 307 318 – 10.7 ACH 316 – 7.6 ACH 305 – 12.0 ACH 307 – 8.4 ACH

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Table 2: Schools Assessed using CO2 Decay Method Location # School Name/Address Date Completed Rooms Tested Results* 2 Boston Day and Evening Academy 02/11/2021 101, 119A, 121, 101 – 8.2 ACH 20 Kearsarge Avenue 118 119A – 8.1 ACH Roxbury, MA 220,205 121 – 9.6 ACH 118 – 6.7 ACH 220 – 7.3 ACH 205 – 12.0 ACH 3 Sarah Greenwood School 02/11/2021 107, 102 107 – 5.5 ACH 189 Glenway Street 207, 210, 204, 102- 7.2 ACH Dorchester, MA 209, 207 – 5.5 ACH 210 – 6.7 ACH 204 – 9.8 ACH 209 – 5.5 ACH

4 Young Achievers 02/12/2021 B005, B008 B005 – 10.1 ACH 20 Outlook Road 103, 105 B008 – 6.7 ACH Mattapan, MA 202, 219 103 – 9.9 ACH 105 – 7.0 ACH 202 – 7.9 ACH 219 – 4.0 ACH 5 Lee Academy 02/12/2021 107, 105, 108, 107 – 4.0 ACH 25 Dunbar Avenue 101 105 – 7.0 ACH Dorchester, MA 204, 205 108 – 7.8 ACH 101 – 7.2 ACH 204 – 6.9 ACH 205 – 8.4 ACH 6 Holmes Elementary 02/12/2021 002, 004, 001 002 – 7.9 ACH 40 School Street 201 004 – 19.5 ACH Dorchester, MA 304, 301 001 – 23.0 ACH 201 – 6.0 ACH 304 – 3.8 ACH 301 – 4.5 ACH 7 Perkins Elementary 02/16/2021 1, Kindergarten 1 – 5.6 ACH 50 Rev. Richard A. Burke Street 101, 105 Kindergarten – South Boston, MA 201, 204 4.7 ACH 101 – 10.8 ACH 105 – 3.7 ACH 201 – 6.3 ACH 204 – 4.1 ACH 8 The UP Academy 02/16/2021 22, 14 22 – 4.9 ACH 215 Dorchester Street 119, 118 14 – 6.5 ACH South Boston, MA 222, 205 119 – 5.4 ACH 118 – 4.6 ACH 222 – 4.0 ACH 205 – 4.0 ACH

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Table 2: Schools Assessed using CO2 Decay Method Location # School Name/Address Date Completed Rooms Tested Results* 9 Roger Clap Elementary 02/16/2021 3, 10, 8, 4, 9, 5 3 – 4.4 ACH 35 Harvest Street 10 – 3.2 ACH Dorchester, MA 8 – 2.7 ACH 4 – 6.5 ACH 9 – 2.2 ACH 5 – 6.0 ACH 10 Kenny Elementary 02/16/2021 100, 101, 108, 100 – 4.3 ACH 19 Oakton Ave 110 101 – 3.6 ACH Dorchester, MA 205, 208 108 – 2.6 ACH 110 – 3.3 ACH 205 – 4.1 ACH 208 – 2.9 ACH 11 Tech Boston Academy 02/17/2021 100, 105, 116 100 – 17.8 ACH 9 Peacevale Road 204, 207 105 – 7.9 ACH Dorchester, MA 319 116 – 7.8 ACH 204 – 7.4 ACH 207 – 20 ACH 319 – 9.0 ACH 12 Shaw P. A. Elementary 02/17/2021 101, 104, 107 101 – 10.5 ACH 429 Norfolk Street 201, 204, 210 104 – 11.0 ACH Dorchester, MA 107 – 16.7 ACH 201 – 8.2 ACH 204 – 9.8 ACH 210 – 9.9 ACH 13 Taylor Elementary 02/17/2021 101, 108, 115 101 – 9.7 ACH 1060 Morton Street 205, 208, 209 108 – 6.5 ACH Mattapan, MA 115 – 13.3 ACH 205 – 5.3 ACH 208 – 4.4 ACH 209 – 3.0 ACH 14 Hernandez K-8 School 02/18/2021 103, 109, 110, 103 – 6.7 ACH 61 School Street 111 109 – 3.5 ACH Roxbury, MA 205, 211 110 – 5.3 ACH 111 – 7.1 ACH 205 – 9.7 ACH 211 – 4.4 ACH 15 Fenway High School 02/18/2021 111, 131 111 – 8.0 ACH 67 Alleghany Street 211, 218 131 – 6.2 ACH Roxbury, MA 303, 321 211 – 16.9 ACH 218 – 12.6 ACH 303 – 6.6 ACH 321 – 8.3 ACH 16 James M. Curley Elementary School 02/18/2021 01, 06 01 – 6.5 ACH 493 Centre Street 111, 118 06 – 5.3 ACH Jamaica Plain, MA 213, 219 111 – 7.3 ACH 118 – 6.1 ACH 213 – 6.1 ACH 219 – 3.9 ACH

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Table 2: Schools Assessed using CO2 Decay Method Location # School Name/Address Date Completed Rooms Tested Results* 17 Chittick Elementary 02/18/2021 101, 108 101 – 8.0 ACH 154 Ruskindale Road 201, 203, 205, 108 – 7.9 ACH Hyde Park, MA 208 201 – 6.2 ACH 203 – 7.9 ACH 205 – 2.5 ACH 208 – 2.4 ACH 18 Boston Adult Technical Academy 02/19/2021 104, 107 104 – 8.7 ACH 20 Church Street 204, 211 107 – 11.7 ACH Boston, MA 304, 310 204 – 11.8 ACH 211 – 10.7 ACH 304 – 8.5 ACH 310 – 10.0 ACH 19 Snowden High School 02/19/2021 0B1, B2 0B1 – 25.4 ACH 150 Newbury Street 101 B2 – 12.1 ACH Boston, MA 201, 204 101 – 9.5 ACH 304 201 – 8.4 ACH 204 – 9.1 ACH 304 – 9.2 ACH 20 Edward M. Kennedy Academy for 02/19/2021 103, 104, 110 103 – 4.9 ACH Health Careers 204, 209, 210 104 – 7.1 ACH 10 Fenwood Road 110 – 5.2 ACH Boston, MA 204 – 2.9 ACH 209 – 4.6 ACH 210 – 4.9 ACH 21 Excel High School 02/22/2021 101, 116 101 – 4.6 ACH 95 G Street 212A, 216 116 – 9.3 ACH South Boston, MA 304, 308 212A – 4.6 ACH 216 – 4.8 ACH 304 – 3.1 ACH 308 – 3.9 ACH 22 Perry K-8 School 02/22/2021 1, 2, 5, 10, 13, 14 1 – 8.8 ACH 745 E. 7th Street 2 – 4.6 ACH South Boston, MA 5 – 8.2 ACH 10 – 8.7 ACH 13 – 8.5 ACH 14 – 9.4 ACH 23 Boston International High School 02/22/2021 104, 115, 117 104 – 5.4 ACH 100 Maxwell Street 209, 212, 217 115 – 9.9 ACH Dorchester, MA 117 – 6.2 ACH 209 – 4.4 ACH 212 – 4.9 ACH 217 – 4.7 ACH 24 Endicott School 02/22/2021 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10 1 – 4.0 ACH 2 McLellan Street 2 – 6.5 ACH Dorchester, MA 4 – 6.5 ACH 5 – 5.7 ACH 6 – 5.4 ACH 10 – 4.7 ACH

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Table 2: Schools Assessed using CO2 Decay Method Location # School Name/Address Date Completed Rooms Tested Results* 25 Brighton High School 02/23/2021 114, 117 114 – 4.3 ACH 25 Warren Street 204, 226 117 – 4.4 ACH Brighton, MA 312, 326 204 – 4.8 ACH 226 – 5.0 ACH 312 – 5.9 ACH 326 – 3.9 ACH 26 Joseph P. Manning Elementary 02/23/2021 109, 119 109 – 15.7 ACH School 204, 205, 206, 119 – 14.6 ACH 130 Louders Lane 208 204 – 13.0 ACH Jamaica Plain, MA 205 – 4.6 ACH 206 – 12.2 ACH 208 – 4.6 ACH 27 Lyndon Pilot School 02/23/2021 101, 117 101 – 4.3 ACH 20 Mt. Vernon Street 200, 201A, 203, 117 – 7.5 ACH West Roxbury, MA 219 200 – 7.9 ACH 201A – 25.1 ACH 203 – 6.2 ACH 219 – 5.4 ACH 28 Thomas Gardner School 02/24/2021 13, 17 13 – 8.1 ACH 30 Athol Street 21, 28 17 – 6.9 ACH Allston, MA 31, 35 21 – 7.0 ACH 28 – 4.7 ACH 31 – 6.6 ACH 35 – 4.8 ACH 29 Baldwin Elementary 02/24/2021 101, 103, 105 101 – 4.2 ACH 121 Corey Road 201, 204, 206 103 – 5.3 ACH Brighton, MA 105 – 3.5 ACH 201 – 2.5 ACH 204 – 5.3 ACH 206 – 4.7 ACH 30 Alighieri School 02/24/2021 101, 102, 103 101 – 2.8 ACH 37 Grove Street 202, 203, 204 102 – 6.5 ACH East Boston, MA 103 – 6.3 ACH 202 – 3.6 ACH 203 – 5.4 ACH 204 – 6.3 ACH 31 Otis Elementary School 02/24/2021 100, 103 100 – 7.5 ACH 218 Marion Street 201, 205 103 – 6.9 ACH East Boston, MA 306, 307A 201 – 4.8 ACH 205 – 5.8 ACH 306 – 3.4 ACH 307A – 6.4 ACH 32 O’Donnell School 02/24/2021 107, 108, 111 107 – 4.3 ACH 33 Trenton Street 202, 205, 212 108 – 3.1 ACH East Boston, MA 111 – 4.0 ACH 202 – 3.5 ACH 205 – 5.5 ACH 212 – 6.1 ACH

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Table 2: Schools Assessed using CO2 Decay Method Location # School Name/Address Date Completed Rooms Tested Results* 33 Donald McKay School 02/25/2021 017, 018 017 – 8.1 ACH 122 Cottage Street 105, 106 018 – 6.0 ACH East Boston, MA 216, 217 105 – 6.3 ACH 106 – 4.1 ACH 216 – 5.1 ACH 217 – 4.8 ACH 34 Kennedy Patrick J. Elementary School 02/25/2021 Teacher’s Room Teacher’s Room – 343 Saratoga Street 201, 202, 204 5.3 ACH East Boston, MA 206, 207 201 – 3.9 ACH 202 – 3.5 ACH 204 – 10.3 ACH 206 – 5.3 ACH 207 – 5.2 ACH 35 Adams Elementary School 02/25/2021 4, 6, 8 4 – 8.2 ACH 165 Webster Street 14 6 – 7.5 ACH East Boston, MA 20, 22 8 – 6.1 ACH 14 – 7.4 ACH 20 – 6.1 ACH 22 – 6.8 ACH 36 Boston Collaborative High School 02/25/2021 001, 002, 004, 001 – 5.5 ACH 215 Dorchester Street 007 002 – 5.9 ACH South Boston, MA Teacher’s Room 004 – 6.7 ACH Conference 007 – 5.8 ACH Room Teacher’s Room – 15.7 ACH Conference Room – 7.5 ACH 37 Martin Luther King School 02/26/2021 301, 303, 305, 301 – 1.8 ACH 77 Lawrence Ave 306 303 – 5.7 ACH Dorchester, MA 321, 325 305- 7.1 ACH 306 – 6.7 ACH 321 – 3.4 ACH 325 – 4.1 ACH 38 Mason Elementary School 02/26/2021 104 104 – 6.5 ACH 150 Norfolk Avenue 206, 207A, 207B, 206 – 5.1 ACH Roxbury, MA 208 207A – 8.7 ACH 312 207B – 8.5 ACH 208 – 9.8 ACH 312 – 4.7 ACH 39 Winthrop Elementary School 02/26/2021 2, 4, 6, 9, 10 2 – 8.4 ACH 35 Brookford Street Teacher’s Room 4 – 5.3 ACH Roxbury, MA 6 – 7.1 ACH 9 – 4.0 ACH 10 – 7.4 ACH Teacher’s Room – 15.1 ACH

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Table 2: Schools Assessed using CO2 Decay Method Location # School Name/Address Date Completed Rooms Tested Results* 40 Kilmer School 02/26/2021 B02, B03 B02 – 6.0 ACH 35 Baker Street 104 B03 – 10.0 ACH West Roxbury, MA 206 104 – 9.5 ACH Resource Room 206 – 8.5 ACH Teacher’s Room - Resource Room – (2nd Floor) 8.1 ACH Teacher’s Room – 20.7 ACH 41 Mozart School 03/03/2021 100, 103, 104 100 – 6.9 ACH 236 Beech Street 201, 202 103 – 6.7 ACH Roslindale, MA Library 104 – 5.9 ACH 201 – 6.5 ACH 202 – 6.9 ACH Library – 9.3 ACH 42 Philbrick Elementary School 03/03/2021 001 001 – 8.2 ACH 40 Philbrick Street 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 1 – 6.0 ACH Roslindale, MA 2 – 5.0 ACH 4 – 8.5 ACH 5 – 4.3 ACH 7 – 9.8 ACH 43 Elliott School 03/03/2021 202, 203, 205 202 – 5.7 ACH 16 Charter Street 301, 304, 307 203 – 7.1 ACH North End, MA 205 – 4.7 ACH 301 – 3.0 ACH 304 – 4.7 ACH 307 – 3.5 ACH * The Cashins CO2 decay testing team shared ACH results with the EFI representative following completion of the assessment of each individual school.

CONCLUSION

EFI confirms that the assessments of representative classroom airflow and air change rates at eighty-seven (87) Boston Public Schools were appropriately and properly conducted by representatives of Cashins during the period from February 11 to March 3, 2021.

Boston Public Schools 87 School Buildings Boston Teachers Union EFI Project No. 020.01453 EFI Global, Inc. Page 11 April 5, 2021

EFI appreciates this opportunity to provide industrial hygiene services to the Boston Teachers Union. If you require additional information or have questions regarding the contents of this report, please contact Peter von Au at the number listed below.

Sincerely, EFI Global, Inc. Reviewed by:

Peter G. von Au Jennifer L. Archacki Senior Industrial Hygiene Project Manager Environmental Service Line Principal Cell: 978-863.8401 Cell: 978-447-3122 [email protected] [email protected]

Boston Public Schools 87 School Buildings Boston Teachers Union EFI Project No. 020.01453