ANDAMANANDAMAN ANDAND NICOBARNICOBAR ISLANDSISLANDS ()(INDIA)

POSTPOST TSUNAMITSUNAMI RESTORATIONRESTORATION /RECONSTRUCTION/RECONSTRUCTION (Housing)(Housing)

ByBy DharamDharam PalPal CommissionerCommissioner ReliefRelief && RehablitationRehablitation JANUARY 2007 1 Andaman and Nicobar AdministrationKOLKATA VIZAG 1255 KMS COCO 6 1200 KMS 6 h o ISLANDS u rs 5 MYANMAR 6 b hou y 45 kms r s s e b a 600 kms y s a ea 1190 KMS

60 ho urs by sea

Andaman and

INDONESIA 163 kms

3 2 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

3 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

4 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

5 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

6 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

7 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS AT A GLANCE Geographical area : 8249 sq Km (Length - 726 Km) Total islands : 572 Inhabited Islands : 38 Coast Line : 1962 Km (1/4 of India’s 7500 Km) Exclusive Economic Zone : 6 Lakhs Sq Km (EEZ) (1/4 of India’s 22 lakh Sq Km) Forest Cover : 92 % ( Notified + Deemed) (India – 21%) Seismic Zone : V (Most severe) Population : 356000 Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) :18 (India – 60) Literacy : 81% (M- 86%, F- 75%) Average Annual Rainfall : 3200 mm Gross Per Capita Income (2002-03) at current price : Rs. 30,878/- ( $686) at constant price : Rs. 17,547/- ($390) 8 Andaman and Nicobar Administration FOREST COVER

ANDAMAN DISTRICT

Andaman Islands

9 10 Andaman and Nicobar Administration 2626thth DECEMBERDECEMBER 20042004

„ „ EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI

„ 6:29 AM „ Magnitude 9.3 „ Epicenter : Sumatra „ 163 Km from Great Nicobar „ 2nd most severe since 1900 „ 22 tremors of +5 on 26 Dec 04

10 ImpactAndamanImpact and Nicobar ofof TsunamiTsunami Administration GEOMORPHOLOGICALGEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGESCHANGES

„ Islands have physically moved horizontally by 2 to 3 meter in South-Westerly direction towards the mainland and rotated in anticlockwise direction

„ Southern Group( Great Nicobar) has sunk by about 1.4 to 1.5 meter- Coast line has moved inland

„ The Northern group has risen by about 0.5 m and 0.8- Coast line has receded

„ This has caused submergence of 4000 hectare of agriculture land under water

11 Andaman and Nicobar Administration TSUNAMITSUNAMI IMPACTIMPACT

12 Andaman and Nicobar Administration TSUNAMITSUNAMI IMPACTIMPACT

At Carnicobar Air Force Station, Carnicobar

13 At Jetty at Hut Bay, Little Andaman Andaman and Nicobar Administration TSUNAMITSUNAMI IMPACTIMPACT

14 Andaman and Nicobar Administration IMMEDIATEIMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES

OF EARTHQUAKE /TSUNAMI „ Damage to roads and bridges

„ Damages to ports, jetties and ships

„ Damage to water supply

„ Damage to fields and settlement

„ Damage to communication links

„ Damages to Power supply

15 Andaman and Nicobar Administration LOSSLOSS OFOF LIVESLIVES Dead & Missing 3527

Adults 2350

Children 1177

Male 1738

Female 1789

Tribals 2964

Non-Tribals 563

Orphan – 165 (M-90, F-75) Widows – 214 Single parent children – 241 (M-134, F-107)

In the country about 10000 people died due 16 to tsunami Andaman and Nicobar Administration Submerged land due to Tsunami - area 92°0'0"E 94°0'0"E 92°40'0"E 92°44'0"E

Legend

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92°0'0"E 94°0'0"E 92°40'0"E 92°44'0"E 17 Andaman and Nicobar Administration TSUNAMITSUNAMI DAMAGESDAMAGES ATAT AA GLANCEGLANCE

Houses Damaged - 9797 (46,000 persons)

Damage assessment - Rs. 3300 cr.($733m)

Physical damages Jetties & Wharfs - 56 Power Houses - 37 MW Roads - 210 KM Shipping Vessels - 9 Fishing Boats - 2103 Schools - 85 Agricultural Land - 8069 Hectares Health Centres - 34 Livestock - 1,57,577

18 Andaman and Nicobar Administration RELIEFRELIEF ANDAND REHABILITATIONREHABILITATION INTERIM STEPS Air Sorties for transporting Relief Materials and Personnel - 1032 Emergency Relief Camps No. of relief camps - 207 Persons - 46000

Intermediate shelters No. of shelters made - 9565 Time taken - 3 months Locations - 58 Materials transported from mainland - 15000 MT Ration provided - 9,700 Families

Total Relief Material transported - 46000 MT

19 Andaman and Nicobar Administration TSUNAMITSUNAMI RELIEFRELIEF RESPONSERESPONSE

20 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

21 Andaman and Nicobar Administration INTERMEDIATE SHELTERS

22 INTERMEDIATEINTERMEDIATEAndaman and Nicobar Administration SHELTERSSHELTERS

SOUTH ANDAMAN Units :729, LITTLE ANDAMAN 4 LOCATIONS Units : 1950 4 LOCATIONS

TERESSA Units :820 9 LOCATIONS CARNICOBAR Units : 4184, 15 LOCATIONS & NANCOWRY Units :735, 14 LOCATIONS KATCHAL Units : 315, 4 LOCATIONS

GREAT NICOBAR Total No:9565 Units : 1179, Locations: 58 7 LOCATIONS 23 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

SPECIAL FEATURES OF INTERMEDIATE SHELTERS

„ Simple Design and easy to by build by beneficiaries themselves „ Cyclone resistant – Designed to with stand Wind Velocity of about 140KMPH „ Earthquake resistant – Seismic Zone V condition „ Constructed within 3 month „ Electricity, water, playgrounds community centers „ Rainwater harvesting provisions „ Average covered area- 23 m2 including Toilet & Kitchen and Joint family unit of 90 sq mtr „ Roofing CGI sheets „ Walling CGI sheets „ Frame of steel or wooden posts 24 Andaman and Nicobar Administration INTERMEDIATE SHELTERS

25 Andaman and Nicobar Administration MAJORMAJOR HIHLIGHTSHIHLIGHTS OFOF RELIEFRELIEF PHASEPHASE

„ Relief camp sites(207) finalizedfinalized within 24 hours and people started arriving immediately thereafter „ Provisions made for Food, clothes, medicines for camps „ Power and water supply restored in camp areas „ No outbreak of any epidemic „ Intermediate shelters completed in 3 months and people housed by April 2005 before onset of monsoon season „ Restoration of education at all islands- provision for schools made in shelters itself „ Free ration continue to be supplied to affected families till date „ Tourists evacuated safely to the mainland

26 Andaman and Nicobar Administration CHALLENGESCHALLENGES OFOF CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION ININ ISLANDSISLANDS

„ SCATTERED ISLANDS

„ DISTANCE FROM MAIN LAND – 1200 KMS

„ CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL: TRANSPORTATION FROM MAIN LAND

„ JETTIES AT CHOWRA, TERRESSA, KATCHAL & NANCOWRY CAN NOT HANDLE CARGO SHIPS. 23 OUT OF 27 SITES REQUIRE TRANSPORTATION THROUGH STEVEDORING

„ STEVEDORING QUITE RISKY DURING ROUGH WEATHER CONDITIONS.

„ LIMITED WORKING SEASON – 4-5 MONTHS( Heavy rains)

„ DISINCLINATION OF LABOUR AND STAFF TO WORK IN REMOTE ISLANDS

27 Andaman and Nicobar Administration CHALLENGES..CHALLENGES.. Construction of permanent shelters

Island separated by vast stretches of sea Rough sea conditions transportation of machinery and transportation by pontoons and small boats materials by ship from ship to shore

Transportation of materials by ship In remoteTransportation areas, materials of materials transported by ship on Transportation of materials in Kamorta Island28 head load Andaman and Nicobar Administration CHALLENGESCHALLENGES……

Transportation of Men by Pontoons No jetty facilities at Island

Carriage of materials by Head load in Onge Tikry 29 Approaches in Little Nicobar load in Onge Tikry Andaman and Nicobar Administration PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE RESTORATION AT A GLANCE PORTS & JETTIES DAMAGED RSTRD Jetties /WHARFS 56 49 Dropped 4 Under Progress 3

Temporary jetties constructed 2 POWER Power houses 28 10+18 Capacity revived/added 37 37 MW T&D Lines 273 273 km

Work awarded for 12.75 MW capacity additions at 4 sites

ROADS 210 km badly and 143 km partially damaged Roads restored for traffic 142 km Road restoration in progress 211km New Roads under construction 134 km

30 Andaman and Nicobar Administration PORTSPORTS andand JETTIESJETTIES

BAMBOO FLAT JETTY AFTER TSUNAMI BAMBOO FLAT NOW

MUS JETT NOW MUS JETU CARNICOBAR 31 Andaman and Nicobar Administration PORTSPORTS andand JETTIESJETTIES…………

Kamorta jetty now Kamorta jetty after tsunami

JETTY DAMAGED BREAKWATER

DAMAGED WHARF APPROACH HutBAY jetty after Tsunami Hut Bay jetty now 32 ROADSROADS AndAndAndaman BUNDSBUNDS and Nicobar Administration RESTORATIONRESTORATION WORKSWORKS

Restoration of earthen bund, Dunduspoint,

Marine drive Road, Port Blair Approach roads to intermediate shelter, 33 Nejappa Nagar, Little Andaman Island Andaman and Nicobar Administration NEWNEW INITIATIVESINITIATIVES ININ AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE

34 Andaman and Nicobar Administration SOCIALSOCIAL INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE HEALTH DAMAGED RESTORED/COMPlt Primary Health Centers rebuilt 4 3 Sub-Centers restored/constructed 30 28 Doctors strength in Southern group - 17 (Pre-tsunami – 12) TELEMEDICINE LINK with CARNICOBAR ESTABLISHED

EDUCATION schools 85 Completed - 21 Work in progress - 10 Repaired - 34 Teachers recruited after tsunami - 387 - WELFARE Anganwadies restored 70 70 New Old Age pensions in Tsunami affected areas - 715

New Widow Pensions in Tsunami affected areas - 458

Supplementary nutrition at Intermediate shelters (To young children and lactating mothers) Children covered - 2754 Women covered - 526 35 Andaman and Nicobar Administration Andaman & Nicobar PERMANENT HOUSES AT A GLANCE Islands Total Units – 9797 ¾South Andaman – 2796

¾ – 7001 South Andaman - 823 Islands – 10

Locations – 70 Little Andaman - 1973 Area of unit – 450 Sq.Ft.

Per unit cost – Rs. 9.7 Lakhs - 3941 ($21,000)

Agencies Involved in Works Chowra-346

Kamorta - 518 ¾Central Public Works Department Teressa - 506 (CPWD) Katchal - 315 Nancowry - 269 ¾Andaman Public Works Department (APWD) L/Nicobar - 111 ¾Non Government Organisations (NGOs) Great Nicobar - 995 36 Andaman and Nicobar Administration DESIGNSDESIGNS && LAYOUTLAYOUT PLANSPLANS SPECIFICATIONS

„ Foundation RCC „ Superstructure Steel Frame

„ Flooring ¾ Stilt Processed Bamboo Board ¾ Non Stilt Cement Concrete „ Walls ¾ External Wooden Planks ¾ Internal Processed Bamboo Board „ Roofing CGI Sheets „ Ceiling Processed Bamboo Board „ Door / Window Bamboo – Jute Profiles

EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENT „ Water Supply Distribution System „ Paths connecting each house to main road „ Sewer Lines „ Street Lights „ Storm Water Drains „ Rain Water Harvesting 37 Andaman and Nicobar Administration COMMUNITY FACILITIES TYPE OF BUILDING AREA OF EACH NUMBERS UNIT (Sq. Mtr.)

„ PRIMARY SCHOOLS 200 20

„ MIDDLE SCHOOL 500 2

„ HIGH/SR. SECONDARY SCHOOL 2500 5

„ PHC 150 23

„ VETENARY DISPENSARY 250 2

„ MARKET 400/150 1/8

„ ADULT LEARNING CENTRE 250 3

„ BIRTH HOUSE 80/100 32/15

„ DEATH HOUSE 40 43

„ COMMUNITY HALL 190/300 31/15

„ RECREATION/ YOUTH CLUB 50/80 28/15

„ NEIGHBOURHOOD SHOPPING 50/80 30/15

„ POLICE STATION 300 2

„ FIRE STATION 300 2

„ QRS. FOR POLICE, HEALTH CENTRE & SCHOOL 45 90 STAFF 38 Andaman and Nicobar Administration CONSULTATIONCONSULTATION PROCESSPROCESS ININ EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION OFOF DESIGNDESIGN

„ ThreeThree roundsrounds ofof consultationconsultation withwith LocalLocal People,People, TribalTribal Councils,Councils, Rep.Rep. ofof LocalLocal SelfSelf Governments,Governments, M.P,M.P, ANDAND NGOsNGOs „ ExtensiveExtensive InteractionInteraction amongamong Administration,Administration, ExpertsExperts && Locals/Locals/ TribalTribal CouncilsCouncils „ GroupGroup ofof ExpertsExperts werewere involvedinvolved inin housinghousing designdesign

39 Andaman and Nicobar Administration KEYKEY PARAMETERSPARAMETERS OFOF CONCEPTCONCEPT && DESIGNDESIGN

„„ SpaceSpace && FunctionalFunctional requirementsrequirements „„ LivingLiving stylestyle ofof LocalLocal peoplepeople „„ DesignDesign acceptabilityacceptability toto LocalsLocals „„ EcoEco--friendlyfriendly constructionconstruction „„ EaseEase && SpeedSpeed ofof constructionconstruction

40 Andaman and Nicobar Administration ContinuedContinued……..

„„ EasyEasy andand leastleast maintenancemaintenance „„ LessLess labourlabour intensiveintensive „„ LightestLightest && SafeSafe structuresstructures inin EarthEarth--quakequake andand cyclonecyclone proneprone areaarea „„ CostCost effectiveeffective

41 Andaman and Nicobar Administration SETTINGSETTING UPUP OFOF PROTOPROTO TYPETYPE MODELSMODELS ININ DIFFERENTDIFFERENT ISLANDSISLANDS

„ AsAs aa resultresult ofof deliberationsdeliberations ,model,model HousesHouses ofof differentdifferent designsdesigns werewere constructedconstructed at:at:

¾¾ LittleLittle AndamanAndaman -- 22 ModelsModels ¾¾ CarCar -- NicobarNicobar -- 11 ModelModel ¾¾ KamortaKamorta -- 33 ModelsModels ¾¾ GreatGreat –– NicobarNicobar -- 11 ModelModel

42 Andaman and Nicobar Administration PROTOPROTO TYPETYPE DESIGNSDESIGNS CONSTRUCTEDCONSTRUCTED

At AT Little Andaman

FINAL DESIGN AFTER FEEDBACK AND INCORPORATION OF SUGGESTION BY THE BENEFICIARIES At Kamorta Island 43 Stilt House Model at Chennai for Carnicobarl Andaman and Nicobar Administration ISLAND WISE STATUS AS ON 28.12.06 Target date Total No.of Concrete Grade of final Name of the Excavation Permanent Pedestal Beam Completion Island Completed Shelter Completed Completed of Foundation

South 823 420 333 242 28.02.07 Andaman Little 1973 382 306 207 31.03.07 Andaman Car Nicobar 3941 2510 1885 1684 10.06.07 Chowra 346 NIL NIL NIL 30.07.07 Teressa 506 306 274 246 20.03.07 Kamorta 518 152 98 81 30.06.07 Nancowry 269 109 98 88 30.06.07 Katchal 315 247 237 219 20.01.07

Little Nicobar 111 NIL NIL NIL -

Great Nicobar 995 30 20 10 -

Total 9797 4156 3251 2777 44 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

ONLINEONLINE MONITORINGMONITORING SYSTEMSYSTEM FORFOR CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION OFOF PERMANENTPERMANENT SHELTERSSHELTERS www.www. andaman.gov.inandaman.gov.in

45 Andaman and Nicobar Administration ISSUESISSUES

„ LandLand UseUse PoliciesPolicies „ DesignDesign ofof PermanentPermanent HousesHouses „ LivelihoodLivelihood linkageslinkages withwith PermanentPermanent HousesHouses „ UseUse ofof LocalLocal ConstructionConstruction MaterialMaterial „ AllotmentAllotment ofof HousesHouses andand OwnershipOwnership „ DevelopmentDevelopment ofof CommunityCommunity FacilitiesFacilities andand Connectivity.Connectivity. „ LongLong termterm maintenancemaintenance andand repairrepair ofof PermanentPermanent HousesHouses „ NewNew LifeLife stylesstyles andand occupationaloccupational changeschanges

46 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

OFFLINEOFFLINE SHORTSHORT PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION ONON THETHE PROGRESSPROGRESS OFOF CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION OFOF PERMANENTPERMANENT HOUSESHOUSES

47 Andaman and Nicobar Administration

Every crisis is an opportunity Let us make best use of it..

4841 ThankThank YouYou

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