Research Paper (Biological Control : ) ( : )

! Telenomus busseolae Gahan. #$ ! % ( cretica Led.) " #!

2 1 [email protected] : (1) . " ! (2)

& ! Telenomus busseolae Gahan. .2009 . .65)60 :27 !$ &' !( .#$ % (Sesamia cretica Led.) " # (Sesamia cretica Led.) Telenomus busseolae Gahan. !+ , !! * !! ( ! . % !&' % ( ) $ # !"

(6 +7 !+ 23 45 Telenomus busseolae 1 ( ( ( (! % . (* 0 /- " %* 8 %) " 8 %+ ) 8' 9* %' . (6 (3 # 56 ) ) ( %<6 . ( ! () !! 8 () (45 !+ 8 !4 .(< 25;1 : % %) ! A&'/>? %<6 $ . ( # ( =< /- !+ ) .(< 35 8 /)' : E) 8$ .(6 (! ' 8 /' 56 %D ! %90 %3+ ) ) % ) 7 B 9 G!6 ! * 33 G ( (B' ! G) + 8 H G+ !&7 8 (F !+$ . ()

.Telenomus busseolae E# ( % %5 :

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º 2±26 ,## #$ $! $ 1 % 0 6$ @ ' 5 A& $L/ ' L 5 -# # .! 14 ,61 ,$ %60 ?50 "#$% # #& & 4) #@Q .(6) N+ 5 & 9 4) 9 % % *+ #H 4) $ 1 .(2 81 '$) D# * %) ,# 3 #4 *+ ,#U & J ,# P $ 6#4 ,# . 8 4# ,## #$ 0 ( # *" $ E$ #- ' %#) 1 + : - 0 *#$ 54P & .2 3#+ - #E 1 $! - 4) $$! & .1999 ! ' A# & * 4) ! # & >& 2 #/ %

(>)L/9M) ' / # : 4 #4 5 & *+ B ' $ 1 # 0 #/ # : #& & 4# 1 E1 8(4 81) $$ *& F ' + & $ 4 & 8,# 3 (%94.7) 4) ! U .4 ' > ' $ 40 1 1 ' 5 $$! G# $%+ ! .5 & ' #/ # : #U & *+ H: .(1 $) 4 4 ! !( ,$ & 8@@ @ # # @@ 4 6 ' *+ .N4 # 5 & *+ A: $ I" ' + -4 1 2000 ! : N4 # H .* ! #& & & J 8 # 8+ 4) 9 "##& 9 *+ 5 ' ,#U / #@&/ *" 10 ?6 2 * & & ' *+ 4 10 ?6 2 * & *+ (%97.7) 4) ! J 2000 1999 ' 9#L/A-#%! %) % *+ ! .(2 $) " ' #&// '# # : 0 ( #/ # *+ 4# / I" ##& '& ! ' #H $ " *+ $ ! ,#H 6%1 $! . ) 2# # $% ' *+ 8 15?1 2 * 5 & *+ & 4) 4 5 & $$! ' 1 (1 $) # & 35?31 2 * & *+ %4.8 ,#& & *+ 54 1 54 81999 ! >)L/9M *+ 153 '& 10?6 ' OE 1 8 40?36 2 * & *+ %15.6 I" ' & $$! ' OE 1 .N4 #/ *+ 13 .$ 4 & & I" $ ' (#/ >)L/9M) '# :& *+ #% '& 4

61 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 27, No. 1 (2009) #$ Telenomus busseolae % & ' #$ ! " .1 .1999 *+ ) '(& Table 1. The influence of corn borer egg masses and their distribution on Telenomus busseolae during the 1999 growing season in Abu-Ghraib region.

/ Mean percent of parasitism Rate of egg masses occurrence No. of egg masses / / / / / / No. of eggs/ Mean September August Mean September August Mean September August egg mass 63.7 94.7 32.6 16.7 15.4 18.0 35.0 6.0 64.0 51 49.1 75.0 23.2 38.4 33.8 43.0 83.0 13.0 153.0 106 49.8 83.1 16.5 30.5 35.9 25.0 51.5 14.0 89.0 1511 53.3 83.3 23.3 10.8 12.8 8.7 18.0 5.0 31.0 2016 42.8 60.8 24.8 3.4 2.6 4.2 8.0 1.0 15.0 2521 12.4 0.0 24.7 0.3 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.0 2.0 3026 8.1 0.0 16.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 1.0 3531 6.9 0.0 13.9 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 1.0 4036 35.8 49.6 21.9 12.5 12.6 12.5 24.7 24.9 44.6 Mean total '( × !" # $& *8.52 = '() $& *17.04 = !" # $& %5 .24.10 = LSD at P=0.05 for the effect of egg mass size on % of parasitism = 17.04, for months effect =8.52, for months x egg mass size effect= 24.10.

#$ Telenomus busseolae % & ' #$ ! " .2 .2000 *+ ) '(& Table 2. The influence of corn borer egg masses and their distribution on Telenomus busseolae during the 2000 growing season in Abu- Ghraib region.

Mean percent of parasitism Rate of egg masses occurrence No. of egg masses / No. of / / / / / / / / / egg/ egg Mean October August September Mean October August September Mean October August September mass 20.3 4.0 28.0 29.0 12.9 8.3 12.5 17.8 68.3 84.2 89.6 31.2 51 51.3 10.0 72.0 72.0 32.4 20.8 32.2 44.2 66.9 97.4 76.7 26.6 106 34.0 10.0 55.0 37.0 22.7 20.8 24.6 22.7 65.1 84.7 87.4 23.3 1511 25.0 16.0 42.0 17.0 20.8 33.3 18.8 10.4 56.2 83.5 64.6 20.4 2016 9.7 5.0 19.0 5.0 7.5 10.8 8.5 3.1 63.6 87.5 76.5 26.8 2521 3.3 1.0 6.0 3.0 2.0 2.1 2.7 1.8 26.8 33.3 38.7 8.3 3026 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 4.8 0.0 14.3 0.0 3531 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.5 4.2 0.5 0.0 15.6 33.3 13.6 0.0 4036 18.1 6.0 28.0 20.4 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 45.9 63.0 57.7 17.1 Mean total '( × !" # $& *13.22 = '() $& *21.59 = !" # $& %5 .37.39 = LSD at P=0.05 for the effect of egg mass size on % parasitism = 21.59, for months effect = 13.22, for months x egg mass size effect= 37.39.

. 0" 1- % , /- ,- 2001 4 / % *6 49 % 5 42 3 . !" # $ 2003 8 % (%52.6 6 8 7 106 % )* +! (2004 %' #" % ! &

(2009) 1 27 62 .2005 + $ 2# = # AB ,$ / 1511 %52.0 51.7 2# O2 7$2# *> ,O #- .(3 ) 2016 ?# $# =# - H# 9 7$2# ' !0 ' ! $& ' * + ,$ ! "#

'# 7# $7D# = T. busseolae # *P G# * 1 +- 0" -# / -# Q$< #@< ## - / P = @ $ 2# #3 .0.9696 $& #-# I< O2 ,# $3# $IM 6 / + '< # .(18 6) 673# 8 2 5# 4 '# '-# ? IE J$ * .7 H - # 7:0 => ? * '# $@

6A E $# 6 7 H : 7 R# < 2# ?AB < 1 ., / - $-3 # $"S ? 7$ $4 * P = 1511 2004 + 0" %92.4 $IM : .(18 12 5) B$4 / $G 7< $& ' 30 26 7:< ' ' !0 2 7I # - / + D0 + .(0.9870 = $& #-#) ! < ! .Q 7= Q$E #@< K $IM 0" / F" # +E ?AB '# $< / D 2 2005 $G +# #< .(3 ) +# AB .3 ' / < 90" H# 6 $# $%&/!" # Telenomus busseolae .2005 2004 '( ) ' *) + -$# .$ 2# 9:$2 2# Table 3. The influence of number of corn borer egg masses ' '# +@$ 9:$2 2# E *0I and their size on rate of parasitism by Telenomus busseolae in Abu-Ghraib/Akarkouf and Al-Radwanyia regions during - :0- $# JA .(3 ) , / fall of 2004 and 2005. #-# +# 0" 2# ?AB / ' 2005 2004 / < K$ D 0.9028 ?$2# $ / < 9:$2 2# $2# $ 2# $E No. of No. of No. of 20–16 ' .2 % of egg % of egg eggs/ / < 2# ?AB !3 $IE B Parasitism masses Parasitism masses egg mass Abu-Ghraib/Akarkouf / ' AB L . 15–11 ' 65.65 11 41.11 8 51 5 $IM , / / 66.99 27 52.56 49 106 66.01 28 51.73 28 1511 < 'P .N OE "# +# H:# 41.15 24 51.96 21 2016 2005 9$" 0" $ 2# 50.72 8 31.11 6 2521 39.63 5 16.82 2 3026 ' . 30 16 42.94 5 0.00 0 3531 $$# H# 7 2# 35–31 106 11.11 1 6.29 1 4036 ?AB -# / -# ' - :0-

Al-Radwanyia ! < ! $& #-# ' ! < 2005 +- 0" 2# 58.33 12 86.34 13 51 / '# : P ,$3> $ .(0.9602 ) 68.89 31 85.52 29 106 78.62 52 92.39 24 1511 I# $ 2# D 5551 ,$ 86.60 53 81.98 12 2016 .(3 ) 2 !< D0 + +E ?AB 84.45 22 55.18 4 2521 80.11 14 31.36 4 3026 P $3 2 $ L 8 ?AB 'P 67.42 13 3531 - #- '# 6 Telenomus busseolae # ,O 52.15 8 4036 24.39 2 4541 ,$A Q $ -# ,$IL# # 15.13 4 5046 .(Sesamia cretica) 14.15 1 6051 $# : ,O ' 251

63 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 27, No. 1 (2009) . . 21' * ' $ ! $ # ! " # / (1) 2 " . *' ' %95 ' ( $ %&% ! " 21' . . % ' ./ ,(11 ,6) * 25 $ " # ' ! ' ! 1! ./ ' . .! " 01!& 2 ' ! # ' ! ! " (( ! " ' .' $ " * * 0 ' '/ 0' ( ! " ' " %

Abstract Ali, A.A. and J.K. Mohammed. 2009. Response and Parasitism Efficiency of Telenomus busseolae Gahan (Scelionidae: Hymenoptera) in Relation to Egg Batch Size of Sesamia cretica Led. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 27: 60-65. The egg parasitoid Telenomus busseolae Gahan. is found in most corn growing areas under natural conditions in Iraq. This parasitoid is able to attack egg masses which vary greatly in size and concealed under leaf sheath or other narrow spaces. The present study was carried out to investigate the response of the parasitoid to the size of egg masses and their distribution during different growth stages of the corn plant. Results indicated that masses containing 1-25 eggs were the most prevalent in the field. These sizes showed higher parasitism rate compared to other sizes. However, number of egg masses and parasitism rate were influenced by the host plant growth stage and environmental conditions. Parasitism rate was low in the early growing stage of corn plant during August and increased gradually to exceed 90% during the flowering and fruiting stages of the crop. The possibility of conserving and using this parasitoid in the management of corn stem borer in Iraq was discussed. Keywords: Egg parasitoids, stem borers, parasitism rate, corn, Iraq, Telenomus busseolae. Corresponding author: Abdul-Sattar A.Ali, College of Agriculture, Al-Anbar University, Iraq, Email: [email protected]

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Received: March 31, 2008; Accepted: November 2, 2008 2008/11/2 : 2008/3/31 :

65 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 27, No. 1 (2009)