The Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club: an Incremental Historic Structure Report
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University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation January 2005 The Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club: An Incremental Historic Structure Report Anna Stillner University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Stillner, Anna, "The Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club: An Incremental Historic Structure Report" (2005). Theses (Historic Preservation). 41. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/41 Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2005. Advisor: John D. Milner This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/41 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club: An Incremental Historic Structure Report Comments Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2005. Advisor: John D. Milner This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/41 THE PHILADELPHIA GIRLS’ ROWING CLUB: AN INCREMENTAL HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT Anna Stillner A THESIS IN Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE 2005 Advisor Reader John D. Milner, FAIA Elizabeth L. Milroy Adjunct Professor of Architecture Dean of the Arts and Humanities Principal, John Milner Architects, Inc. Professor of Art History and American Studies Wesleyan University Graduate Committee Chair Frank G. Matero Professor of Architecture Chair, Program in Historic Preservation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, John D. Milner, for his support, guidance, and knowledge offered throughout this research – his encouragement and suggestions were of great value to me. I am grateful for his involvement, patience, and willingness to work with me despite the special extension and distance. I would also like to thank my reader, Lily Milroy, who enthusiastically brought this topic to my attention, for her constructive critiques of my work and insightful suggestions. I also wish to thank Frank Matero for his tremendous support and for allowing me the chance to complete this project. I am especially indebted to Thomas V. Dowd for explaining technical issues that face the Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club and for helping to review drafts explaining past structural stabilization work. His tours of the Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club and Fairmount Rowing Association assisted greatly in understanding structural problems facing the Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club and Boathouse Row. I would also like to thank Dona File who took time out of her busy schedule to meet me in person and explain her past work on the Philadelphia Girls’ Club building. Her on-site tour helped develop the building’s chronology and aided in outlining the efforts the Club is taking to preserve the building. Similarly, I would like to acknowledge Club President Sophie Socha who supported this project and agreed to give me access to the building. She, along with the Club’s House Committee, were kind enough to include me in their meeting and give me insights into the Club’s activities and history. I would also like to thank Ruth Robinhold, founding member/organizer of the Philadelphia Girl’s Rowing Club who is still very ii much active in the Club. Her interview provided wonderful background to the Club’s early days and was a source of inspiration. I also wish to thank Victoria Alvarez for her valuable help in the University of Pennsylvania’s Architectural Conservation Laboratory and for her assistance with the paint analysis section. Likewise, I am indebted to Tammie Clare, the Conservation Laboratory’s Manager, for her flexibility and expertise. Finally, I am grateful for the unfailing support of Rugel and for the encouragement and patience of my family. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………….…ii TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………..……….iv LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………..…...vii LIST OF DRAWINGS…………………………………………………………………..…....xi INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..………..….1 SECTION I-DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY AND SIGNIFICANCE………………...……..…..4 CHAPTER 1: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT…………………...…...4 IMPORTANCE OF THE SCHUYLKILL RIVER………………………………….5 SCHUYLKILL NAVY AND CLUBS…………………………………..….......10 CHAPTER 2: CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT AND USE……………………....15 EARLY CLUB HISTORY AND BACKGROUND…………………………...….15 PHILADELPHIA SKATING CLUB &HUMANE SOCIETY………….....18 ARCHITECT PROFILE……………………...…………………..………..…22 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION…………………………………..….……...24 TRANSITION TO THE PHILADELPHIA GIRLS’ROWING CLUB (PGRC)……..29 CHAPTER 3: PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION AND BUILDING CHRONOLOGY……..…..31 EXTERIOR DESCRIPTION………………….…………..…………………..31 INTERIOR DESCRIPTION………………….………………………...……..36 MODIFICATIONS AND RESTORATIONS……………………………...……..44 STRUCTURAL STABILIZATION AND WORK………………………………..48 CHAPTER 4: EVALUATION OF SIGNIFICANCE………………………...…..……..51 iv SECTION II - CONDITIONS ASSESSMENT AND CONSERVATION ISSUES…………..……..54 CHAPTER 5: CONDITIONS ASSESSMENT AND SURVEY OF BOATHOUSE…….…..54 EXISTING CONDITIONS SURVEY………………….…………..….………..56 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM………………………………..………...…57 VERTICAL CLOSURE SYSTEM…………………………………......66 HORIZONTAL CLOSURE SYSTEM………………………………….69 ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION SYSTEM…………………….....71 PROTECTION SYSTEM……………………………………..………73 UTILITIES SYSTEM……………………………………..…………74 CHAPTER 6: MATERIALS TESTING AND ANALYSIS…………………...……...…76 PAINT ANALYSIS……………...………………….………………….....…76 EXTERIOR FINISHES….….……………….…………………….…78 INTERIOR FINISHES….….……………….….………………...…..78 MORTAR ANALYSIS………………..…………….………………...…..…81 SECTION III - TREATMENT AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES………………..….....…86 CHAPTER 7: HISTORIC PRESERVATION OBJECTIVES………………...……...…86 CHAPTER 8: TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS….............89 CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………..……………………...........…97 APPENDIX A: THE SCHUYLKILL NAVY AND THE CLUBS OF BOATHOUSE ROW……….......98 APPENDIX B: HISTORIC AND CURRENT PHOTOGRAPHS…………………..……………...108 APPENDIX C: EXTERIOR ELEVATIONS AND FLOOR PLANS OF BUILDING………………...115 APPENDIX D: CONDITIONS ASSESSMENT MAPPING AND PHOTOGRAPHS….………….....122 APPENDIX E: FINISHES AND MORTAR ANALYSIS DATA…………………………...........137 v BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………..…………………………………...........156 INDEX……………………………………………………………..………...…………..162 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Detail of Thomas Holme Map of Philadelphia, 1681. (Facsimile. Free Library of Philadelphia, Map Collection)….……………………..…….........................6 Figure 2: The “Baptisterion” at Spruce Street, Schuylkill River, as it was prior to the American Revolution. (Lithograph. Fairmount Park [Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger, 1871] 13.)…..……………………………………..8 Figure 3: John T. Bowen, View of Fairmount Waterworks with the Schuylkill River in the Distance, 1838. (Lithograph. Free Library of Philadelphia, Print and Picture Collection.)………………………………………………………………….....10 Figure 4: Barges of the Schuylkill Navy. (Lithograph. Fairmount Park, [Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger, 1871] 19.)…………….………………....11 Figure 5: Early flags of the Schuylkill Navy. (Lithograph. Fairmount Park, [Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger, 1871] 20.)…………….....12 Figure 6: Sidney and Adams, Plan of Fairmount Park, 1859. (The Library Company of Philadelphia)…………………….....................................................................17 Figure 7: The Philadelphia Skating Club life-saving apparatus. (Lithograph. Fairmount Park. [Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger, 1871] 22.)………...20 Figure 8: Samuel Sloan, “Italian Villa,” Plate XXIV, Model Architect (Lithograph. New York: Da Capo Press, 1975.)……………………………..……………...……25 Figure 9: The Philadelphia Skating Society, c. 1870, view looking northeast from the Schuylkill River. (Historical Society of Pennsylvania, History and Records)………………………………………………………………………26 Figure 10: A Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club eight in practice, Schuylkill River, 2004 (Photograph by author)……………………………..…………………30 Figure 11: The Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club, north and west elevations, 2005 (Photograph by author)……………………….……………………………...32 Figure 12: The Philadelphia Girls’ Rowing Club, north and east elevations, 2005 (Photograph by author)……………….……………………………………...32 Figure 13: Boathouse Row at night, looking northeast from the Schuylkill River, 1990s (Free Library of Philadelphia, Print and Picture Collection)……………...…35 vii Figure 14: The Philadelphia Skating Club’s insignia of an ice skate and Club initials over the fireplace (Photograph by author, 2005)………….……..…………….....39 Figure 15: Basement stair, old stinger and new treads visible, along with original stair opening and platform (Photograph by author, 2005)……………………..…41 Figure 16: Metal pulley at top of basement stair, shows evidence of rope and pulley system (Photograph by author, 2005)………………………………………..41 Figure 17: Original wooden doors with iron rails and rollers, basement, south wall (Photography by author, 2005)……………………………………………....42 Figure 18: Basement with stair and columns - both wooden and cast iron, view looking north (Photograph by author, 2005)...…..………………………………...…43 Figure 19: Shower/Bathroom, north wall. Detail of historic interior shutters, the only ones remaining in the