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May 18, 2018 Mary Gates Hall May 18, 2018 Mary Gates Hall Functional morphologists examine the anatomy of organisms POSTER SESSION 1 to elucidate how they are adapted to various habitats and be- Commons East, Easel 79 haviors. These type of studies have also led to intense re- 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM search and speculation about the specific behaviors associated with the morphologies of now extinct species. Can we pre- Orbital Solutions for a Variety of Eclipsing Binaries dict the hunting behavior of a predator from its skeletal mor- Aleezah Ali, Junior, Physics: Comprehensive Physics, phology? In this study, we examined both femur morphology Astronomy and the calcaneus to femur length ratios in extant members Mentor: Diana Windemuth, Astronomy of Carnivora, with the goal of finding a link between these Mentor: Meredith Rawls, Astronomy traits and a species’ hunting strategy. We categorized hunting Mentor: Eric Agol, Astronomy strategies from videos and previous accounts by taking note of the presence and timing of each species’ attacks of live Eclipsing binaries (EBs) are systems in which two stars or- prey. To quantify hind limb bone morphology across species bit and pass in front of each other as observed from Earth. with different hunting strategies, we measured the length of They are important astrophysical tools utilized in this project the calcaneus and femur, and the minimum bone diameter to directly measure the fundamental properties of stars, such of the femur. Our sample included 12 extant species from as their masses and radii. We create a sample of 35 bright, several hunting strategies. We expect to find femurs with a detached EB targets from the Villanova Catalogue, based on greater minimum diameter in species that have strategies that high-quality photometry from the Kepler Satellite and spec- require greater muscle force during the prey capture period. troscopy from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolu- This type of anatomy would provide the support necessary tion Experiment (APOGEE). Here, we present mass, radius, for attachments of larger running muscles. For femur to cal- and orbital solutions for a subset of these EBs. For each sys- caneus ratio, we expect to find a lower value in species with tem, we extract radial velocities (RVs), the speed at which longer chase periods in their hunting strategy. This would be each star in the system is moving away from the observer, due to a greater need for longer strides and contact time to from the APOGEE spectra. Then, we combine the RV with reach the speeds necessary to catch their prey. This study will Kepler light curve (LC) information to simultaneously model allow scientists to more accurately predict the hunting behav- the system light and line-of-sight speed as a function of time. iors of extinct animals based on measurements that can be Because our model has high dimensions with 18 free parame- easily obtained from an intact fossil. ters, we first solve for the LC and RV solutions separately, and then simultaneously solve them. We use a nonlinear least- squares optimization method to determine the best fit solu- POSTER SESSION 1 tion and quantify the uncertainties in model parameters run- Commons West, Easel 38 ning Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) simulations. The model parameters that we find will further our understand- 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM ing of fundamental stellar properties and binary star orbital Are People Living with Dementia Vulnerable for parameters. Potentially Inappropriate Medications? Xintong (Erra) Li, Senior, Nursing POSTER SESSION 1 UW Honors Program Mentor: Tatiana Sadak, PCH MGH 241, Easel 141 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM The use of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIM) in el- derly is common and can lead to increasing risks for adverse Variation in Hind Limb Morphology in Relation to drug events, morbidity, and increased utilization of health Hunting Behavior in Carnivora care resources. Early identification of PIM can improve the Aleina Catherine Cudnofskey, Senior, Biology (Physiology) quality of care in elders and reduce hospitalizations. This Dustin Kramer, Senior, Biology (Physiology) study aims to identify PIM in a sample of N=60 people liv- Mentor: Sharlene Santana, Biology ing with dementia who recently experienced a hospitaliza- Undergraduate Research Program 1 www.uw.edu/undergradresearch tion and to evaluate what PIM are most common. We also the H2S stress response leads to increased lifespan in C. el- aim to evaluate correlations between PIM and the number of egans. Since several members of this pathway are well con- patient’s chronic conditions and the total number of medica- served in humans, this work may provide a mechanism for tions. Our hypothesis is that patients with higher burden of ill- the therapeutic use of H2S in human medicine. ness (more conditions and medications) can have higher num- ber of PIM. We identified PIMs by evaluating medical records using the STOPP/START criteria. The STOPP/START crite- SESSION 1D ria classify inappropriate medications that should be stopped as well as the appropriate medications that should be started MARINE ECOLOGY AND FOOD WEBS instead.Descriptive statistics was used to describe the sample Session Moderator: Bonnie Becker, Academic Affairs and the prevalence of PMI, chronic conditions and medica- (Tacoma) tions. Correlation analyses was used to explore relationships MGH 228 between the variables. Study findings will inform healthcare providers about the prevalence of PIM and help identify pa- 12:30 PM to 2:15 PM tients who are at higher risk of PIM. * Note: Titles in order of presentation. Predicting Diet through Quantification of Biomechanical POSTER SESSION 1 Differences in Cranial Morphology in Odontoceti Grace X. Sun, Senior, Biology (General) MGH 241, Easel 162 Austin Fletcher Sears, Senior, Biology (Physiology) 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM Mentor: Sharlene Santana, Biology Identifying the Role of RHY-1 in the C. elegans Response Among the most robust determinants of fitness within the an- to H2S imal kingdom are successful feeding techniques that enable Colette Anne Felton, Senior, Biochemistry adequate energy acquisition. The need to maintain a steady Mary Gates Scholar, UW Honors Program food supply is especially crucial in mammals who have high Mentor: Dana Miller, Biochemistry metabolic demands in order to maintain a homeostatic inter- Mentor: Frazer Heinis, Biochemistry nal body temperature. Within the Class Mammalia, the Order Cetacea consists of whales, dolphins, and porpoises, and in- Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) has potent physiological effects. In large doses, it is a deadly toxin, but in small doses, it acts cludes some of the most derived and specialized aquatic car- as a signalling molecule with a wide range of physiological nivores. Of the three Cetacean suborders, Odontoceti retains effects. The worm C. elegans is a good model organism for the ancestral condition of having teeth rather than baleen for filter-feeding as in Mysticeti whales. This allows odontocetes the study of H2S because of its short lifespan, ease of genetic to consume many prey types, ranging from cephalopods to manipulation, and ease of maintenance. In C. elegans,H2S induces a stress response pathway, coordinated by the HIF-1 large vertebrates. The aim of this study is to investigate if in- and SKN-1 transcription factors, that plays a role in extend- terspecific differences in bite force and gape size evolved in ing lifespan and improves resistance to various stresses. A tandem with the consumption of specific prey types in odon- previous screen in our lab identified several mutations that tocetes. To achieve this goal, we used skull specimens from the Burke Mammalogy Collection at the University of Wash- suppress the requirement of hif-1 for survival in H2S by in- creasing SKN-1 activity. One SKN-1-upregulated transcript, ington to take a variety of linear measurements of the cranium and mandible. We used these measurements to estimate gape rhy-1, was sufficient to rescue hif-1 lethality in H2S. RHY-1 is an integral membrane protein that is localized in the hypo- size and bite force by applying mathematical equations, and dermis, intestine, and some head neurons of C. elegans. It has then contrasted these values across species that differ in diet. predicted acyl transferase activity, but its specific molecular We expect to find that odontocetes evolved cranial adapta- function is unknown. The role of RHY-1 as a hif-1 lethality tions to 1) increase bite force as a means to consume harder prey and 2) increase gape size as a means to consume larger suppressor indicates that it acts in a hif-1 independent H2S re- sponse pathway. The goal of this study is to better understand prey. Developing a better understanding of how species max- the role of RHY-1 in this hif-1 independent response path- imize energy gain is imperative to determining the factors that way. In order to identify its binding partners and elucidate drive evolution and species adaptation. This knowledge can its role in cellular signalling, we performed immunoprecipi- also help inform future conservation efforts, improve the gen- tation of RHY-1 for use in tandem mass spectrometry. This eral understanding of Odontoceti evolution, and serve as a approach allows for the identification of its binding partners reference for future studies of mammalian cranial morphol- ogy and biomechanics. under baseline and H2S stress conditions, which may further define the role of RHY-1 in the stress response to H2S. Defin- ing the role of RHY-1 will enhance our understanding of how 2 2D arrays pierced by ˜3 nm pores upon addition of divalent POSTER SESSION 2 cations (e.g., Ca2+). The goal of our research is to test the Commons West, Easel 21 ability of these arrays to organize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 1:00 PM to 2:30 PM with desirable plasmonic characteristics.
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