606 PO WDERIIAM. DEVONSHIRE. [KELLY S e11ed and the interior re-seated: there are now 160 sittings. 1204: in England the Courtenays have been allied to the The register of baptisms dates from the year 1575; mar­ Bonvilles, Eohuns, Spencers, St. Juhns, Talbots, Veres riages, I559; burials, 1558. The living is a rectory, net and the royal house of Plantagenet, and the name a.ppears yearly value £z5g, including 98 acres of glebe, with in the original list of the order of the Garter: in the Wars residence, in the gift of and held since r877 by the Hev. of the Ruses they adhered to the Lancastrian party, and the Earl of M.A. of ~Ierton College, Oxford, and in the reign of Henry VIII. Henry Courtenay, earl of prebendary of . Powderham 'Castle, the family Devon, was created Marquess of Exeter, but this title seat of the Courtenays, Earls of Devon, standing on the became extinct in 1556, and that of , as­ western bank of the estuary of the Exe, is a .structure in sumed to have lapsed at the same time, remained dormant various styles, erected in the 14th century by Sir Philip until 1831, when it was revived in favour of William, 3rd Courtenay, lieutenant of Ireland: until about the year viscount Courtenay, who thereupon became wth earl of 1700 it was very strongly fortified, and during the Civil Devon. On an eminence in the park is a building called War was garrisoned for the King: in Dec. I64.'i• it was un­ The Belvedere, erected in 1777, and consisting of three successfully attacked by Fairfax, but was taken by Col. hexagonal towers, 70 feet in height, commanding magni­ Hammond in the following year; the most ancient portion ficent views of the surrounding country, the river E:xe now extant is built of limestone, with a mixture of red and the English Channel. The Earl of Devon is lord of the conglomerate and of a white material locally called "Ex­ manor and sole landowner. The soil is loamy, except in mouth stone :" the castle appears to have originally con­ the higher part of the parish, where the red sand com­ siste..d of a long parallelogratm flanked at different parts mences. The chief crops are wheat, barley and turnips, of its length by six towers, four of which are still stand­ but a. large proportion is permanent pasture. The area ing, and the other two have been rebuilt with brick on the is 1,418 acres of land, 4 of water, 23 of tidal water and same sites; the fabric has of late years been much 170 of foreshore; rateable value, '£3,702; the population modernised, but the ancient battlements and windows in 1891 was 203, and in 1901 238. which havo survived the alterations sufficiently indicate the original character of the whole; the interior has very EX WELL, half a mile north-west, MEIJ.ANDS, I north, spacious rooms, containing some good family portraits and BLACK HEATH, half a mile north-west, are p~aces and a collection of paintings by the old masters : the ad­ here. joining park of upwards of 300 acres is well wooded and Parish Clerk and Organist, John Martin Truelove. stocked with deer. The Courtenays, earls of Devon, have Sexton, William Godbeer. been seated in Devonshire nearly 700 years: one branch Letters from Exeter through Kenton, arrive at 7 a.m. of the house of Courtenay were counts of Edessa; another Kenton is the nearest money order office, & telegraph A.D. nso, became allied to the Royal Family of France, office at Starcmss, r~ miles distant and through this alliance three members of the family National School (mixed), enlarged in 1885, for 40 child­ occupied the wperial throne of OonstantinopiJ.e A.D. ren ; average attendance, 27; Miss Alice Sage, mistress

PRIVATE RESIDENTS. CO:MMERCIAL. ]~Iortimer Samuel, farmer, Exwell Addicutt Thomas, farm bailiff to the· Puwell David Charles, head gardener Devon Rev. The Earl of M.A. (rector Earl of Devon to the Earl & prebendary of Exeter), Powder­ Bale Miss Elizabeth, dress maker Pyle Thomas, farmer, Black heath ham rectory Drew John Gould, steward to the True:ove John Martin, accountant, Bradshaw Octavius D.L., J.P. Pow­ Earl of Devon & general land agent, Steward's office derham castle Powderham castle; & at 15 Queen Truelove John Martin, parish clerk & ThomasMajor Ascanius William Nevill, street, Exeter organist Mellands house ~cClaughlin Thomas Scott, boatman j Wilson George, clerk of works, Pow- to the Earl, Boat house derham mills

::PRINCETOWN is a small town in the west quarter of around the water springs, to slopes of gorse and he:~ther Dartmoor, in the parish of Lydford, and 7 miles east from where the rising ground is dry; in parts are large pieces Tavistock, with a station, forming the terminus of a of moist peat, not always safe to tread, with pools of branch from Yelverton, on the South Devon section of water stained a deep brown, which are the sources of the Great ·western railway; it is in the Western division rivers and streams of .1'\orth, South and West Devon: the of the county, &borough hundred, Tavistock petty ses- Taw and the Ockment, a tributary of the Torridge, flow sional division, union and county court district, rural northward to the Bristol Channel; the Teign and the deanery of Tavistock, archdeaconry of and diocese Dart flow to the south-east, reaching- the sea. above and • of Exeter. This town was formed about 18o8, soon after below Torbay; the Plym flowing to the east of Plymouth, Dartmoor Prison was built for prisoners of war, and was and the Tavy descends to join the Tamar, on the border named after George IV. when Prince of Wales, Dartmoor of Cornwall, issuing in Plymouth Sound. In general, the being within the Duchy of Cornwall; .several tradesmen upper moorland, except where broken by the tors, has a and others then settled here: in 18rr there were as many dreary and forlorn appearance: there are no trees growing a>~ g,ooo prisoners of war, besides the guard of soldiery. in the open parts; but 'Vistman's Wood, a small portion After the peace Princetown much declined, until its re- of a once extensive forest, in the rocky ravine of the vival between 183~ and 1841 from the working of thb ·west Dart, is a natural curiosity, as the dwarf oaks, granite quarries in Dartmoor. The church of St. Michael forcing themselves through boulders, have their twisted and ~l Angels, a chapel of ease to St. Petrock's, Lydford, branches thickly clothed with moss and lichen: the North is a plain building of granite, consecrated in 1864, and and South Teign, on the eastern border of Dartmoor, com;ists of nave, north porch and a western tower contain- present more beauty of scenery. Dartmoor is covered ing- one bell: the church was built and fitted, together with Druidical and prehistoric remains of much interest, with the parsonage house, by French prisoners, and is and primitive bridges of stone cross the several streams. used by the officers of the neighbouring prison and sur- Dartmoor convict prison. built in 18o6, at a cost of rounding inhabitants: the interior was restored by the £127, ooo, consiMts of an extensive series of buildings Rev. Morris Joseph Fuller 1\f..A. rector and chaplain constructed principally of granit~ from the neighbouring r867-79, and is at present (1901) undergoing further moor: the outer wall incloses an area of about 30 restoration, and affords 300 sittings. The register dates acres; the prison itself comprises five :rectangular build­ from the year r8o7. The living is a chapelry, attached ings, each 300 feet long by so rbroad, and residences with Dartmeet and Postbridge to the rectory of Lydford: for the governor, deputy-goveTJior and officers: the £150 yearly is allowed by Government for the stipend of I principal gateway is formed of huge granite blocks, the curate, who is appointed by the rector of the parish. bearing the carved inscription "Parcere Subj ectis."

The Rev. Arthur Earing-Gou~d ~LA. of. Magdalen Col- 1 Cons.idera:ble addition was made to t.he buildings by the lege, Oxford, has been curate m charge smce 1897· The i conVIcts m 1874, and further extenswns have smce been Wesleyan chapel is a stone building seating 230. The I made. Here is a first-class hotel, "The Duchy," stand­ Society of Friends also have a meeting room here. · ing at a height of about 1,400 feet above the se_a-level, the various tors and other places of interest being DARTMOOR, extending about 28 miles from north to within easy distance; excellent trout and salmon fishing. ilouth and z6 miles from east to west, is, on the average, Connected with the hotel is the Duchy House, a private 1,200 feet above the sea-level, and rises to 2,000 feet in hotel and hoarding e;;:tahlishment. H.R.H. the Duke of several 9f its highest peaks, called "tors," being crags of Cornwall and York K.G. is the principal landowner. grey granite, in fantastic shapes, on the crests of th11 The soil is a light peaty; subsoil, granite. The chief brown moorland. The action of the disintegration of this crops are oats and turnips. This quarter of the moor granite is seen by heaps of loose st{)nes, some of enormous contains 49,509 acres; the population in 1891 was about size, lying scattered at the feet of the tors. On the moor 1 I,goo, exdusive of convicts in the pri~on, who numbered ara ranges of tors, while the aspect of the land about ' about goo. changes from peat bogs and patches of wild grass or fern, I Sexton, Emmanuel Angel.