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SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 . IN COLLABORATION WITH ABCDE NATIONAL WEEKLY

SPECIAL CONVENTION ISSUE

SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 3 KLMNO POLITICS WEEKLY Supreme controversy

BY ROBERT BARNES

he unusual and apparently unprec- edented battle of words between a jus- T tice of the Supreme Court and a pre- sumptive presidential nominee stretched through much of this past week as Justice made clear that her criticism of Republican was not the result of an unguarded moment. She told a CNN analyst in an interview late Monday that Trump was a “faker” and said she was surprised the media has not pressed him more to release his tax returns. Trump responded by telling a New York Times reporter that Ginsburg’s comments “highly inappropriate” and she should leave her lifetime appointment sooner rather than later. Early Wednesday, a more pointed mes- sage was posted to his account: “Her mind is shot — resign!” MIKE GROLL/ The back-and-forth was an extraordinary instead, she said, “I don’t want to think about should apologize to the court. I couldn’t believe confrontation. Usually the most public interac- that possibility, but if should be, then every- it when I saw it.” tion between the court and the political world thing is up for grabs.” Trump added: “It’s so beneath the court for her comes at the annual address, Her comments were met with a wave of to be making statements like that. It only ener- where the justices sit stoically among partisan alarm by many judicial ethics experts, who gizes my base even more. And I would hope that and catcalls. called them surprising if not potentially she would get off the court as soon as possible.” Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. earlier this recusal-worthy should a legal issue involving Supreme Court spokeswoman Kathleen Ar- year said the politics of Senate confirmation Trump come before the court. berg said at the time Ginsburg had no comment hearings give the public the mistaken view that But Ginsburg doubled down when she met on Trump’s reaction to her comments. But on justices are partisan. “We don’t work as Demo- late Monday for a previously scheduled inter- Thursday, Ginsburg issued this statement: “On crats or Republicans,” he said. view with CNN’s . reflection, my recent remarks in response to But in interviews over the past week, Gins- “He is a faker,” Ginsburg said of Trump. “He press inquiries were ill-advised and I regret burg made clear her distaste for Trump. has no consistency about him. He says whatev- making them. Judges should avoid comment- “I can’t imagine what this place would be — I er comes into his head at the moment.” ing on a candidate for public office. In the can’t imagine what the country would be — She added: “He really has an ego. . . . How has future I will be more circumspect.” with Donald Trump as our president,” Gins- he gotten away with not turning over his tax House Speaker Paul D. Ryan (R-Wis.) said he burg told . “For the country, returns? The press seems to be very gentle with found Ginsburg’s remarks “very peculiar.” Speak- it could be four years. For the court, it could be him on that.” ing on CNN Tuesday night, he said, “That strikes — I don’t even want to contemplate that.” Trump got on the line with the New York me as inherently biased and out of her realm.” She also told the Associated Press she as- Times’s to respond. Nominations to the court, Ginsburg has sumed Democrat will win the “I think it’s highly inappropriate that a Unit- indicated, are at the heart of her concern. There election. Ginsburg, 83, was nominated to the ed States Supreme Court judge gets involved in already is one vacancy. Ginsburg has noted that court in 1993 by President . a political campaign, frankly,” Trump said. “I she and two others on the court will be 78 or Asked what would happen if Trump won think it’s a disgrace to the court, and I think she older on Inauguration Day 2017. 

This publication was prepared by editors at The KLMNO Washington Post for printing and distribution by our CONTENTS partner publications across the country. All articles and CONVENTION 2016 columns have previously appeared in The Post or on POLITICS 3 ON THE COVER Republicans are washingtonpost.com and have been edited to fit this COVER STORY 4 set to nominate Donald Trump for format. For questions or comments regarding content, NATION 15 president at their convention this please e-mail [email protected]. If you have a MARKETING 16 week in . Photograph by question about printing quality, wish to subscribe, or ECONOMY 17 ERIK TANNER/Contour by Getty would like to place a hold on delivery, please contact your BOOKS 18 Images local ’s circulation department. OPINION 20 © 2016 / Year 2, No. 40 FIVE MYTHS 23 BEN KIRCHNER FOR THE WASHINGTON POST Trump spent decades waiting for the right president. Finally, he decided he was that man.

BY ROBERT SAMUELS AND SHAWN BOBURG

n October 1980, in his align himself with winners, peo- first major interview on ple who could raise his profile and network television, Don- further his business goals. He tee- ald Trump sat on a couch tered back and forth between po- in his apart- litical parties and offered conflict- I ment discussing the ing clues about his core beliefs, tough decisions he had from health care to abortion made as a builder. (“Rona Barrett rights. Trump helped candidates Looks at Today’s Super Rich” on opposite ends of the political would air year.) Then spectrum with money and en- the 34-year-old Trump abruptly dorsements, while often express- turned the casual interview into ing concern that the country was something more controversial: a losing its spirit and its stature. lecture on the lack of leadership in Seven years after Trump’s Rona About this story the . Barrett interview, in the spring of This article is based Gas prices were soaring, and 1987, Dunbar, a furniture- on reporting for inflation was rampant. More than maker in Portsmouth, N.H., tried “,” a four dozen Americans who had to convince Trump that he was the been kidnapped from the U.S. Em- man who could turn things broad, comprehensive bassy in were being held hos- around. The Republican Party ac- examination of the life tage while, according to Trump, tivist became fascinated by news of the presumptive “we just sit back and take every- reports about Trump’s business Republican nominee body’s abuse. . . . I just don’t feel acumen and personality. He sent for president. The the country is going forward in the out mailers encouraging Republi- , written by proper direction.” cans to “ Trump.” told Washington Post Barrett was taken aback by him the idea was laughable, but reporters Michael Trump’s shift to politics. “Would Dunbar invited Trump to speak to Kranish and Marc you like to be president of the the local Rotary Club. Trump, in- Fisher in collaboration United States?” she asked. trigued, invited Dunbar to discuss with more than two No, he said. Politics was a “mean the idea at that sum- dozen Post writers, life. . . . Abraham Lincoln would mer. researchers and probably not be electable today In his 26th-floor office, Trump editors, is scheduled because of television. He was not a offered Dunbar a Diet Coke as to be published by handsome man, and he did not they talked over the plan: Trump Scribner on Aug. 23. smile at all.” Trump said he knew would fly his private helicopter to people who would be “excellent” a airfield, speak presidents because they were “ex- to the Rotary crowd at Yoken’s traordinarily brilliant . . . very, restaurant and hold a news con- very confident . . . and have the ference. They had a deal. respect of everybody.” None of A few weeks later, Trump took them would seek the office be- out full-page ads opining on for- cause of the media scrutiny, which eign policy in three major newspa- he called a tragedy. pers. “There’s nothing wrong with “One man could turn this coun- America’s Foreign Defense Policy try around. The one proper presi- that a little backbone can’t cure,” he dent could turn this country wrote in the ads, which cost a around,” he said. combined $95,000. He questioned Trump would spend the next why the United States continued to two decades waiting for that per- provide military funds to Japan son to come around. and and implored: *** “Let’s not let our great country be Since his rise as a businessman laughed at anymore.” in the 1980s, Trump showed few The image of the rest of the constants when it came to politics, world laughing at U.S. leaders with one exception: He tried to continues on next page 6 SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 KLMNO WEEKLY COVER STORY

from previous page would become an enduring theme in Trump’s political rhetoric. This time, it came in the seventh year of ’s presidency, just weeks before the publication of Trump’s book “The Art of the Deal,” in which Trump called Rea- gan a smooth performer but ques- tioned whether “there’s anything beneath that smile.”

n the day Trump’s foreign O policy ads appeared, he told reporters that he would travel to New Hampshire. He was asked whether he was running for office. “There is absolutely no plan to run for mayor, governor or United States senator,” an uniden- tified spokesman replied. “He will not comment about the presiden- cy.” On the bright morning of Oct. 22, 1987, Trump’s helicopter landed at a New Hampshire air- field, where a limousine paid for by Dunbar ferried him to Yoken’s restaurant. There, a waiting crowd held placards that said, “Vote Trump for President” and “Vote for an En-‘TRUMP’-eneur.” In his talk, Trump reprised themes CHARLES OMMANNEY/THE WASHINGTON POST from his advertisements. But he then told the assembled report- ers: “I am not interested in run- the presidency. During an inter- Republican rump became a vocal sup- field, led by Republican George W. ning for president.” view on CNN, talk-show host Lar- presidential porter of Bill Clinton in the Bush and Democrat . candidate Donald T Dunbar wondered why Trump ry King asked Trump why he was late 1990s. “I think Bill Clin- Stone said that this could be had even bothered coming to New there. Trump said he wanted to Trump holds a ton is terrific,” Trump said Dec. 27, Trump’s moment and that the Hampshire. Was it just a promo- see “how the system works.” King campaign rally at 1997, on CNN’s political talk show path forward might be within a tional gambit for his book? He wanted to know if Trump classi- the University of “Evans & Novak.” “I think he’s third party. Ross Perot, a later received a copy of Trump’s fied himself as an “Eastern Repub- Northern Iowa in done an amazing job. I think he’s billionaire with no political ex- book, inscribed “To Michael: I re- lican” or a “Rockefeller/Chase Cedar Falls in probably got the toughest skin I’ve perience, had won nearly 19 per- ally appreciate your friendship — Republican,” short- January. ever seen, and I think he’s a terrific cent of the vote in 1992, and Jesse You’ve created a very exciting part hand for the liberal wing of the guy.” Ventura, a professional wrestler of my life — on to the future.” GOP. One month later, reports sur- Trump knew from his involve- Dunbar hoped he had planted a “I never thought about it in faced that Clinton had had a secret ment with WrestleMania, had im- seed. those terms,” Trump replied. sexual relationship with an intern probably won the governorship of Trump’s brief flirtation with a How about a “Bush Republi- named , begin- Minnesota in 1998 on the Reform run for office was over, but he can?” King asked. ning when she was 22 years old in Party ticket. Ventura had made his reveled in the about his Trump, who boasted of his 1995 and lasting more than two name parading in a feather boa emerging political ambitions. great wealth, decided to cast him- years. Trump was unperturbed. and mocking Hogan as a Promoting his book, he would self as a man of the people: “You “The best thing he has going is the World Wrestling Federation com- continually repeat his stances on know, wealthy people don’t like fact that the economy’s doing mentator. If Ventura could go issues such as trade. “This sounds me because I’m competing great,” Trump said in August 1998, from being known as “The Body” like political, presidential talk to against them all the time . . . and I days after Clinton finally admitted to being called “The Governing me,” Oprah Winfrey told Trump like to win. The fact is, I go down a relationship with Lewinsky. “I’ve Body,” maybe Trump could be- when he appeared on her popular the streets of New York, and the never seen anything like it. You come president. talk show in the spring of 1988. people that really like me are the know, they talked about the ’80s “I just probably wouldn’t do it,” taxi drivers and the workers.” were good. The ’90s are better.” n Oct. 8, 1999, Trump an- Trump said, “. . . but I do get tired “Then why are you a Republi- Trump suggested that if he were a O nounced on “Larry King of seeing what’s happening with can?” King asked. candidate, he would face similar Live” that he was leaving the this country. And if it got so bad, I “I have no idea,” Trump said. controversy: “Can you imagine Republican Party to join the Re- would never want to rule it out “I’m a Republican because I just how controversial that’d be? You form Party and was forming an totally.” believe in certain principles of the think about him with the women. exploratory committee to run for A few months later, Trump at- Republican Party.” How about me with the women?” president. He made a U-turn on tended his first Republican con- As a new election approached, Clinton, calling the previous four vention, as George H.W. Bush ac- , Trump’s longtime years “disgusting” and professing cepted the party’s nomination for lobbyist, examined the potential Reagan as his role model because SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 7 KLMNO COVER STORY WEEKLY

tice of politics was transactional, not ideological. He hosted fund- raisers and invited politicians to weddings. “I give to everybody. When they call, I give,” Trump said. “And you know what? When I need some- thing from them — two years later, three years later — I call them. They are there for me.” Trump and his major companies gave at least $3.1 million to local, state and federal candidates from both parties between 1995 and 2016, not including donations that may have flowed through the scores of limited-liability corpora- tions that Trump controlled. He donated to Hillary Clinton when she was running to be a U.S. senator from New York. Asked if he voted for her, Trump said: “I never say who I’m going to vote for.” He did say in a separate interview, however, that his votes for presi- dent were consistently Republi- can. Although he said he lost re- spect for the younger President Bush because of his handling of in , which he later called a “disaster,” he said he voted for Bush again in 2004 because he felt it was JABIN BOTSFORD/THE WASHINGTON POST important to “carry the Republi- can line.” Recalling the 2004 vote, Trump said he showed his distance he had helped to regenerate the agreements. Protesters and polls, who was deemed by some to from Bush by not throwing fund- spirit of the country. Trump said Two weeks after Trump an- Trump be a joke, ended up as governor. raisers for him. his main competitor for the Re- nounced his exploratory commit- supporters clash Dean Barkley, who had chaired Trump’s public statements sent form Party nomination, Pat Bu- tee, he appeared on “Meet the after an event Ventura’s campaign, advised mixed signals about his political chanan, was too divisive. Trump Press,” where the moderator, Tim was postponed Trump: “Just be honest. It’s not leanings. In 2006, he told the New insisted that he, on the other Russert, pressed him on a range of where Trump was what you say, but how you say it. York Times that Sen. John Mc- hand, was all about inclusiveness. issues. At one point, Trump said to speak at the And talk to the public, not at them.” Cain, who would become the 2008 Who, King asked, would Trump he supported a right to University of Later that afternoon, Trump Republican presidential nominee, pick as his vice-presidential can- partial-birth abortion, a pro- Illinois in and Ventura appeared at a lunch could not win because he advocat- didate? Trump named Oprah cedure in which the fetus is par- in March. for the local chamber of com- ed sending more troops to Iraq. Winfrey. tially removed from the womb merce. Trump the listener was Trump praised the future Demo- Although he called himself con- before it is aborted. Stone, gone; the showbiz Trump had re- cratic nominee, then-Sen. Barack servative, Trump was floating Trump’s political adviser, accom- turned. He mocked the Republi- Obama, for his “wonderful quali- many liberal ideas. In the Advo- panied him to the interview. can candidates, winning laughs: ties.” Nonetheless, Trump contrib- cate, a gay-oriented news maga- When the two left the studio, “Are these people stiffs or what?” uted $3,600 to McCain during the zine, he took issue with how Bu- Stone said, Trump admitted that But Trump eventually chose not 2008 campaign and said he voted chanan talked about “Jews, he didn’t know what partial-birth to run. On Feb. 19, 2000, he wrote for him. blacks, gays, and Mexicans.” abortion was. an opinion piece in the New York Trump changed parties seven Trump called himself a concilia- In another book published in Times in which he said that his times between 1999 and 2012, , saying he would extend the January 2000, Trump clarified exploratory campaign was the starting when he left the GOP to Civil Rights Act to include protec- that he supported a ban on “greatest civics lesson that a pri- consider a run under the Reform tions for gay people and would partial-birth abortion after learn- vate can have.” But he was Party banner. After registering as allow them to serve openly in the ing more about it. And he said that not sure a third-party candidate a Democrat in 2001, he switched military, repealing “don’t ask, while he was “uncomfortable” could win. back to the Republicans in 2003. don’t tell,” the Clinton-era policy with abortion, “I support a wom- Although he had already pulled He became a Democrat again in that had lifted a ban on gays in the an’s right to choose.” out of the race, Trump’s name 2005 and a Republican in 2009. military but forbade them from remained on the Reform Party He chose not to be affiliated with talking about their orientation rump’s quasi-campaign ballot in Michigan and . any party in 2011. Asked what he while in the service. Trump also T traveled to Minnesota for a He won both primaries. would say to critics who saw the called for universal health care January 2000 meeting with constant party-switching as proof and the protection of Social Secu- his role model, Ventura, and his efore he decided to run for that he had no core beliefs, Trump rity, through a one-time tax on the campaign staffers. Trump told B office, Trump’s political do- responded: “I think it had to do super-wealthy and new money them he wanted to learn how a man nations were a cost of doing more with practicality because if generated by renegotiating trade who started at the bottom of the business, suggesting that his prac- continues on next page 8 SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 KLMNO WEEKLY COVER STORY

CHARLES OMMANNEY/THE WASHINGTON POST from previous page his predecessors. He called the George Davey with laughter while Trump looked vent his frustration: “This elec- you’re going to run for office, you president’s signature health-care promotes Trump on stone-faced, although he later tion is a total sham and a travesty.” would have had to make friends.” law a “job killer.” He drew wide with a billboard insisted that the jokes were fine “We can’t let this happen. . . . The Then he returned to the GOP in attention for focusing on the long- in the back yard and the evening “phenomenal.” world is laughing at us.” 2012, once again stoking specula- discredited assertion that the of his West Des Two weeks after the dinner, The world is laughing at us. It tion that he had his sights on the president had been born not in Moines home in Trump announced that he would was the same concern Trump had presidency. but in , his father’s January ahead of not run in 2012, saying that “busi- from his first interview with Rona native country. “I have people that the Iowa ness is my greatest passion and I Barrett, when he said one proper rump’s celebrity status actually have been studying it, caucuses. Trump am not ready to leave the private president could turn the country promptly put him among and they cannot believe what placed second sector.” In a later interview, he around. Now a full-fledged celeb- T behind Sen. Ted the 2012 front-runners. An they’re finding. . . . I would like to explained the decision: “My chil- rity, Trump was certain who that NBC News- Journal have him show his birth certifi- Cruz (Tex.). dren were younger. I was doing man might be. survey of early-primary-state Re- cate,” Trump said on NBC, ce- numerous jobs, many jobs, and I After Romney’s loss, Republi- publican voters released in April menting his role as a leader in really wanted to wrap them up.” can elders huddled to create ways 2011 showed him tied for second what became known as the On Feb. 2, 2012, he endorsed to transform the GOP into a place behind . birther movement. Romney and became an outspo- younger, more inclusive party Among tea party supporters, Obama put the document on ken surrogate. On Election Day, with new ideas. Trump was form- Trump led the field. And his posi- public display and ridiculed the Trump went to Boston to attend ing a different plan. Twelve days tions became more aligned with real estate mogul days later at the what he expected to be a Romney after the 2012 election, he filed an conservatives: Now he was annual black-tie victory party. Romney’s loss made application with the U.S. Patent against abortion and no longer Correspondents’ Association din- him livid. If only the candidate and Trademark Office. He wanted advocated making gays a protect- ner, joking that Trump could now had used him more, Trump said, to trademark an old phrase from ed class. turn his attention to whether the Romney would have been a win- Reagan that he planned to make He bashed Obama with an in- United States had faked the ner. Trump took to his increasing- his own: Make America Great tensity he had never displayed for landing. The audience roared ly favored medium, Twitter, to Again.  SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 9 KLMNO POLITICS: THE TAKE WEEKLY republicans FInd themselves with a big question to answer: just WHO ARE WE?

BY in Cleveland

hanks to Donald Trump, the party of today. After Reagan the Republican Nation- came the presidency of George al Convention that H.W. Bush, which saw an end to T opens here Monday will the but foundered do- be like none other in the mestically. A backbench rebellion modern era — a gathering of a in the House, led by Newt Gin- divided and nervous political par- grich, helped shorten that Bush ty preparing to nominate a candi- presidency but brought the GOP date who stormed through the to power in Congress. After Gin- nominating process after turning grich came a second Bush presi- his back on a generation or more of dency, that of George W. Bush, who conservative orthodoxy. after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, In many ways, what transpires launched a disastrous war in Iraq in Cleveland will seem familiar. that divided the country. There will be the customary sym- During President Obama’s ten- bols of political conventions — a ure in office, Republicans have ex- series of speeches, goofy hats and perienced a grass- tea party pins, balloon drops and relentless revolt, grand successes in midterm attacks on the opposition party elections that brought the party to a WALTER ZEBOSKI/ASSOCIATED PRESS and its nominee. GOP leaders will high point of power in the states Ronald Reagan campaigns during in Iowa during the 1976 primaries. attempt to project at least a patina and consecutive failures in the past He had a profound effect on shaping the modern Republican Party. of unity to the worldwide audience two presidential elections that un- that will be tuning in. derscored long-term vulnerabili- Yet there will be no hiding the ties of a predominantly white party obvious — that an alternate reality in an increasingly diverse country. forms the true backdrop for this Throughout this period of convention, with many Republi- change, through victories and de- can leaders worried about what feats, the Republican Party and its Trump’s candidacy has done to followers adhered to a set of small- break apart its coalition and what government, pro-defense, socially he might do to their overall for- conservative principles that were tunes in November. consistent and as coherent as any The modern Republican Party political coalition can muster. Now, has been shaped by many forces, in the course of one tumultuous the most important being the year, Trump has shattered that con- presidency and conservative phi- sensus, exposing divisions that were losophy of Ronald Reagan. It was either overlooked or ignored by the Reagan who cast modern con- party establishment. As Ohio Gov. servatism in a positive and opti- put it in a recent inter- mistic light and who moved , “I think the party right now is party sharply to the right after the trying to figure out what it is for.” debacle of ’s de- Trump has changed, at least for feat and the presidencies of two now, much of what everyone be- later Republicans, lieved it meant to be a leader of the and . Republican Party. He is anti-trade Other politicians, movements in a party of free traders. He wants and events have shaped it since, to to keep Social Security and Medi- the point that Reagan might not care mostly as they are while others recognize — or be welcome in — continues on next page 10 SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 KLMNO WEEKLY POLITICS THE TAKE

from previous page close to cementing itself as the in the party are committed to enti- party of elites,” she said. “I would tlement reform. He has ques- look at it as the haughty versus the tioned America’s role in the world rowdy in our party. . . . I’m not in a party long dominated by inter- assigning any negative attributes nationalists and, more recently, to that. They’re [the Trump sup- interventionists. He has spoken porters] frustrated. They’re fed up about the LGBT community in and they feel betrayed.” ways many Republicans do not. How splintered is the party? He has put the establishment on Over the past few years, a number of notice and ignored their advice authors have published books ex- when it suits him — which is most amining the state of the Republican of the time. Party. Although they have different It is the very fact that Trump perspectives and range across the holds those views that rankles ideological spectrum, three of these many in the party. It is also that — writers, in recent interviews, came espousing those views — he man- to similar conclusions: The party aged to win more states, more circa summer 2016 is in a predica- votes and more delegates than any ment, partly of Trump’s doing and of the other 16 Republicans run- partly the result of other forces, ning for president. with no clear or simple way out. The ruptures caused by Trump’s “I think it’s in bad shape. I think it candidacy will be felt in Cleveland, was in bad shape before,” said Matt if not always seen. What is left to Lewis, a conservative who writes for be answered is whether Trump’s and who wrote the impact is lasting, or that his candi- book “Too Dumb to Fail.” “Trump in dacy proves to be a brief, if unnerv- some ways has just exploited the ing, episode that fades quickly if lack of coherence, of competence he loses in November, allowing the within the party. I think he’s created party to return to some semblance chaos, but he’s also exploited preex- of normalcy. isting conditions.” Those alarmed at the prospect In Lewis’s analysis, the party of Trump at the top of the ticket in has been unraveling in one form or November despair at the state of another since the end of the Cold the party. “I think it’s incredibly War. Anticommunism was the divided,” said Katie Packer, a GOP glue that bound together a coali- strategist who led a super PAC that tion of conservative, moderate tried to deny Trump the nomina- and liberal Republicans who often tion. “You have Republican-on- saw the rest of the world different- Republican aggression because ly. “I think now you’ve gotten to the people are arguing over politics point where there is a huge divide versus principle. Do we stand by between the base of the party, the party that we’ve all been loyal which I think identifies with Don- to no matter what, or do we stand ald Trump — it’s nativist and popu- up and say no, this behavior is list — and intellectual leaders like unacceptable and I want no part of [House Speaker Paul] Ryan, [Sen. it under any banner. It’s put people Ben] Sasse and [Sen. Marco] Ru- that they’re used to being in the bio, who are more optimistic and bunker with against one another.” forward-looking.” But defenders of the presump- Geoffrey Kabaservice wrote tive nominee have another view of “Rule and Ruin,” an examination his impact on the party. Pollster of the decline and fall of the GOP’s , who is now part moderate wing in the period from DIRCK HALSTEAD/GETTY IMAGES of the Trump campaign, said the the Eisenhower presidency to the Republican presidential and vice presidential candidates Ronald Reagan and George H.W. primaries highlighted the fissures early part of this century. In an Bush smile at the Republican National Convention on , 1980, in Detroit. within the Republican coalition be- interview, he noted that his admi- tween what she called the political ration for the party’s now withered and voting classes and changed the moderate faction doesn’t negate balance of power between them. the reality that the period in which “This is the year the voters took the it was most dominant was when The ruptures caused by Trump party back,” she said. Republicans were doing terribly Conway, who worked during in election competitions generally. the primaries for a super PAC sup- “Since turning to conservatism, will be felt in Cleveland. porting Sen. of Texas, Republicans have seen all their said it was telling that Trump and dreams come true, at least in Con- Cruz finished as the top two candi- gress and state legislatures and dates in a large field of experi- governorships,” he said. “So in that enced insiders. “The Republican sense, the party is doing great.” Party was veering dangerously But as he was quick to add, that SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 11 KLMNO POLITICS THE TAKE WEEKLY

is only part of the story, the other lighted a party now debating what half being the friction below the it actually believes. , a surface. “Trump . . . seems an ex- former House member from Min- pression of very negative things nesota and veteran strategist, said going on within the party that are his concerns about the party go far now coming into fruition,” he said. beyond some of the offensive E.J. Dionne is a Washington statements Trump has made. Post columnist who critiqued the “I’m as offended by that as any- party from the perspective of a body,” he said. “But . . . he is reject- committed liberal. His book, “Why ing major, major policies that the the Right Went Wrong,” examines Republican Party has stood for. . . . the party’s evolution from Gold- You have to ask that question, water to the present day. what is it that we’ve misjudged “One of the things Trump shows about what the Republican Party is that people vastly overread the actually believes?” tea party as some kind of pure Weber’s answer is that Republi- libertarian anti-state movement cans have let their hostility toward and underestimated how many of President Obama, rather than the its supporters were older, white principles of conservatism, shape Americans who were very angry what they think about issues. He about immigration,” he said. worries that the anti-Obama senti- “Trump’s advantage was that he ment that has bound the coalition was outspoken about immigration, together is morphing into anti- in an extreme and sometimes racist Clinton anger, and that begs the BONNIE JO MOUNT/THE WASHINGTON POST way, where many of his opponents question of where the party actu- felt constrained talking about it.” ally stands on key issues. He added that a key to under- Weber said a Trump victory in standing why the party has been so November could shatter the party. split by Trump’s candidacy is what “I think it will cause a fracturing of conservative intellectuals have been the party more serious that we’ve noting all year. “The Republican seen up to now,” he said. “I can’t Party relied for decades on white, believe that the institutionaliza- working-class voters and delivered tion of this phenomenon goes no material benefits to them,” Di- without severe consequences for onne said. “Oddly, a man who says the Republican Party.” he is a billionaire has become the Dionne argued that Trump’s suc- avatar of a working-class rebellion cess should be a wake-up call to the inside the Republican Party.” Republican establishment that The gulf between the Trump what the party long has preached party and the more traditional Re- has lost its resonance to many who publican Party can be seen by the have been voting Republican in list of Republicans who have with- recent years. held their support from the pre- Conway said the success of the sumptive nominee. They include New York billionaire presents Re- the three Bushes — the two former publicans with a choice of what it presidents and Trump rival Jeb will be in the future: “Cementing Bush, as well as the party’s 2012 your status as a party of elites or nominee, former following Donald Trump’s lead and governor Mitt Romney, who has become the party of the workers.” led the anti-Trump forces since Kasich doubts the party will last spring. Many other prominent break apart but nonetheless sees Republicans will be absent from Trump as emblematic of a broader JOE RAEDLE/GETTY IMAGES Cleveland this week while some — and to him worrisome — shift in Mitt Romney and Rep. , seen above and at top with their families during the 2012 there will be less than enthusiastic attitudes here and elsewhere. “I am Republican convention in Tampa, lost their bid for president and vice president. about the presumptive nominee. increasingly concerned about Many Republicans fear a possi- worldwide — not just in America ble debacle in November. Optimis- but worldwide — growing nation- tic Republicans still see a path to alism, a movement towards anti- victory for Trump, given the anger immigration, a movement towards Many prominent Republicans that animates parts of the elector- anti-trade, a movement towards ate as well as long-standing hostil- isolation. None of these things am I ity toward Hillary Clinton. GOP comfortable with for our country, will be absent this week. congressional leaders are pre- not just my party, but my country.” pared to do whatever they must do The Republican convention will to preserve their majorities should hardly resolve the differences that Trump falter in the late stages of Trump’s candidacy has revealed. the campaign. They will continue to roil the party No matter the outcome, howev- all the way through to Election er, Trump’s candidacy has high- Day — and probably beyond.  12 SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 KLMNO WEEKLY POLITICS ESSAY

JABIN BOTSFORD/THE WASHINGTON POST

est 179th cented words, they talked every A changing Street wasn’t day. the center of The Republican National Con- Cleveland, vention starring Donald Trump Cleveland with but it was its opens on Monday in Cleveland, an W heart. unlikely backdrop not only be- My street cause it is heavily Democratic but immigration still growing up was a couple of dozen because it was built, and continues small homes filled with people from to be shaped, by immigrants. A other countries. My parents came defining Trump message is that it at its core from . The Schweichlers is time to pull up the U.S. welcome across the street arrived from Ger- mat: Build a giant wall on the many. We had Italian and Polish Mexican border, deport millions BY neighbors, and next door was Sylvia. of foreigners who did not enter Sylvia Parnamagi, in her thick legally, maybe even ban Muslims. Estonian accent, would make a In the 1970s, when I was growing feast and talk of the hunger in up in Cleveland, had twice People make their way down Fourth Soviet-occupied times, and my the national average of foreign-born Street in Cleveland on June 3. mom, in her strong Irish brogue, people. Many worked in the steel would tell funny tales of working as mills along the river or in the giant a nanny for a rich Cleveland family Ford plant that made engines for that had a dumbwaiter and a 13-car Lincolns and Thunderbirds. garage. They were good friends, My dad, who left his family farm and though they often couldn’t in the west of Ireland and arrived in quite understand each other’s ac- 1957, found work at the East Ohio SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 13 KLMNO POLITICS ESSAY WEEKLY

Gas Company as a pipefitter. One of in the downtown river. my best friends since kindergarten Over $5 billion has been pumped at Our Lady of Angels School spoke into downtown. It has become a Arabic at home, the language of her magnet drawing people to a just- Syrian-born parents. unveiled Public Square, new lake- After Soviet tanks smashed the front condos and gastropubs. When 1956 uprising in Hungary and refu- I was growing up, downtown was a gees streamed out, it was often said ghost town in the evening. Today it that there were more Hungarians is the hot place to hang out and the in Cleveland than anywhere out- number of people living downtown side Budapest. I heard that at my has soared 80 percent since 2000. disc jockey/phone answering job at More than a million people NBN Radio, the Nationality Broad- crammed into downtown last casting Network, which continu- month to cheer the Cleveland Cav- ously played music from around aliers’ NBA championship, the the — especially from Hunga- city’s first major sports title in 52 ry, where the owners were from. years. The are Every weekend, I would change first in their division and playing music cassettes, from polkas to bal- before sell-out crowds. lads, the music of 16 countries in all. “Believeland” is a popular new Listeners would call in and say T-shirt. Other home pride shirts those sounds from back home JABIN BOTSFORD/THE WASHINGTON POST simply say “Earned.” made them feel welcome on the “Damn right, we are Cleveland. shores of Lake Erie. We are proud of being a little bit In fact, welcoming immigrants ant, drawing immigrants from Eu- Photos of the to talk about it. Nobody is happy gritty,” said Gilbert, the was how a politician got elected in rope and African Americans from 1924 Republican with the state of immigration now.” chief executive of Destination those days. Ralph Perk was elected the South. National In fact, in this , there Cleveland, who is also running the mayor of Cleveland in the 1970s In 1967, Cleveland made history Convention, held are those who embrace immi- host committee for the GOP con- three times, casting himself as the as the first major city to elect a in Cleveland, are grants and those who would like to vention. “We want to show the “ethnic candidate,” the one to rep- black mayor, and today 53 percent seen in the city’s kick them out. Obama won Cleve- world who we are.” resent all the blue-collar workers are African American. In recent public library land easily in 2012, but edged out Cleveland humor writer Mike from so many different faraway years, Mexican and other Latin downtown. The Romney 50 to 48 percent in Ohio. Polk said success is so new it’s places. That was a winning slogan American immigrants elsewhere city again hosted An embarrassing incident this uncomfortable. “We had an identi- for the Republican. in the country have helped push the convention in month involving a United Arab ty: the loveable losers,” he said. (Nationally, Perk was best up ’s foreign-born popu- 1936, when Emirates businessman brought Now, he asked, “Who are we?” known for accidentally setting his lation to 13 percent, higher than in Republican Alf unwanted international attention. Mayor Frank Jackson says the hair on fire with a blowtorch at an Cleveland today. Landon was When the man, speaking Arabic city’s strength “is the people.” American Society of Metals con- Joe Cimperman, the president nominated. and wearing white traditional And what is striking about its vention, and because his wife fa- of Global Cleveland, a nonprofit robes, was trying to check into a people is their diversity, celebrat- mously turned down an invitation that assists people settling in from hotel in Avon, a suburb of Cleve- ed in so many landmarks. to the Nixon White House by say- overseas, sees Cleveland’s eco- land, the clerk “freaked.” Police got The West Side Market, one of the ing it was her regular bowling nomic future brightened by more a 911 call about a man talking about city’s most photographed buildings, night — but more on Cleveland immigrants: “We want not only a the Islamic State, and when they offers homemade food from around punch lines later.) door wider open but one with its showed up, tackled and arrested the globe — Polish pierogies, Cam- Until 2013, when Rep. Dennis hinges taken off.” him. He collapsed. He had come to bodian banana leaf, Mexican enchi- Kucinich of Ohio left Congress, he “The heart and soul of Cleve- Cleveland to get medical care at the ladas. The 276-acre Cultural Gar- was handing voters his cards in 20 land is old friends who just met Cleveland Clinic. Police and city dens is 29 distinct gardens honoring different languages, including Ara- having come from other places,” officials have apologized. those who shaped the city. The first bic, Chinese, Croatian and Italian. he said. At this year’s convention, police two planted a century ago were the “It would benefit Mr. Trump to Now instead of from Europe, are preparing for large demonstra- British and Hebrew gardens. The actually reach out and experience those coming are from Asia, , tions on both sides of the immigra- African American garden opened in the power of the diversity in great- Latin America and the Middle East. tion debate stoked by Trump. 1977, and the newest, planted since er Cleveland,” said Kucinich, a The jobs are more biomedical than The last time Cleveland held a 2011, are Syrian and Albanian. Democrat and contribu- blue-collar. Thousands from over- political convention was 1936. The Cleveland Clinic’s expan- tor. “It’s who we are.” seas are working at the Cleveland With tens of millions of people sion recently claimed many of the Cleveland has a world-famous Clinic and University Hospitals. expected to view the event on TV, houses on my old street. But be- orchestra and art museum, impres- In parks where my older broth- and , city fore homes long owned by immi- sive turn-of-the-century architec- er Patrick teamed up with Irish officials hope to showcase the grants were razed, my brother ture, the mansions of Millionaire’s tradesmen to play Gaelic football, changes in the city. After a few Tom bought the fireplace from the Row built in the railroad baron era, Pakistani and Indian doctors now rough decades, it is coming back. Zilkos and the front door from the and the Hall of Fame play cricket. Kuwaitis, many work- It is so yesterday to talk about a Schweichlers and made them part built by I.M. Pei in the 1990s. It has ing in engineering, play soccer at Full Cleveland (a polyester leisure of his new Cleveland home. Shaker Heights and Chagrin Falls, East 12th and Chester. suit with white shoes and a white On Monday, in the Quicken some of the nation’s most afford- Cimperman said last year the patent leather belt). Now it’s all Loans Arena where thousands of able high-end suburbs. city settled 1,000 refugees, some about the New Cleveland. devoted fans just roared for LeBron But the city itself has shrunk. It from Iraq and Afghanistan. It has been almost 50 years James, thousands of Republican now has 400,000 people, a dizzy- “We welcome it,” he said about since the polluted Cuyahoga River visitors will be applauding Trump. ing drop from 900,000 in 1950 the arrival of Trump and the debate caught fire, making it the butt of And the eyes of the world will be on when it was a manufacturing gi- over immigration. “It gives a chance jokes. Today people boat and fish a city of exceptional diversity.  14 SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 KLMNO WEEKLY POLITICS DEMOCRATS A closer, but still awkward, union

BY JOHN WAGNER before the convention next week in Portsmouth, N.H. Philadelphia, but he is giving up his Secret Service protection. ernie Sanders pledged to Sanders’s decision to keep his support presumptive campaign alive has alienated B Democratic presidential many Democrats, who thought nominee Hillary Clinton the senator should have been at a boisterous but at times awk- more gracious in accepting defeat ward rally last week, more than a after a grueling nominating proc- month after Clinton effectively ess. But it may have given him clinched the nomination. more leverage to push for changes “She will be the Democratic to the party platform. nominee for president, and I in- Clinton has agreed to push pol- tend to do everything I can to icies on free college tuition and make certain she will be the next expanded access to health insur- president of the United States,” ance that reflect positions Sand- the senator from Vermont said ers championed during the pri- Tuesday as the former rivals ap- maries. And Sanders has claimed peared side by side on a stage in a major wins such as support for a packed high school gym. $15 federal minimum wage and Sanders and Clinton touted the measures to combat climate need to come together to defeat change. Republican Donald Trump, and The joint appearance here was both offered effusive praise for the greeted with a news release from other — words not uttered during the Trump campaign highlighting the bruising Democratic pri- the “top five reasons Sanders sup- maries. But their body language MELINA MARA/THE WASHINGTON POST porters will never be excited about was stiff, and it was clear from Hillary Clinton.” shouts of “We love you, Bernie!” Sanders endorsed Clinton to help unify the party, One of them was her past sup- that not everyone who supported port for international trade deals, Sanders was ready to move on. but questions remain over their partnership which Sanders repeatedly criti- Even with a few scattered signs cized during the primaries. Trump of discord, however, Clinton and has tried to reach out to Sanders’s Sanders presented a more unified supporters on that issue, particu- portrait of the Democratic Party Clinton’s applause lines, both smile of the event when Clinton “I intend to do larly those in the Rust Belt, where than Trump has been able to do Clinton and Sanders were more referred to his vast success at so- everything I can to thousands of manufacturing jobs with the GOP. “You will always tepid in their enthusiasm for each liciting campaign contributions — make certain she will have been shed. have a seat at the table when I am other. Clinton and Warren seemed averaging $27 apiece — via the be the next It remains to be seen how active in the White House,” she said. like a tag team; Clinton and Sand- Internet. president of the Sanders will be on the campaign Much remains unknown about ers presented more simply as a “We accept $27 donations, too, United States,” trail for Clinton — and how much whether the political be- joint appearance. you know,” she told the crowd. said he can do on her behalf. tween Clinton and Sanders will Although Sanders left The rally began with two Sand- of Hillary Clinton at a Sanders supporters had begun work. As they shook hands on that he would support Clinton in ers supporters speaking: environ- rally at Portsmouth consolidating around Clinton’s their way to the stage, both were the fall, he also touched on his mental leader Bill McKibben and High School in candidacy after she all but secured guarded by separate Secret Serv- accomplishments in the pri- Jim Dean, the leader of Portsmouth, N.H. the nomination in May, according ice teams and waved in different maries, noting that he had won 22 for America, a grass-roots group to Washington Post-ABC News directions. And signs of lingering states and would be taking nearly that endorsed Sanders in the pri- polling. Before then, 71 percent of tension remained as some sup- 1,900 delegates to the convention maries. Democratic-leaning Sanders vot- porters yelled at one another and in Philadelphia. Dean announced that his group ers supported Clinton against a police officer intervened to me- “Together we have begun a po- will now support Clinton. Trump in a two-way matchup. The diate a dispute in the bleachers. litical revolution to transform McKibben touted Sanders’s ap- number rose to 81 percent in June. Although they have a common America, and that revolution con- peal to young voters and said he Although only 8 percent of enemy in Trump, Clinton and tinues,” he said. “Together we will hopes the Democratic Party will Sanders voters said they support Sanders don’t have much of a per- continue to fight for a government “not disappoint them” going for- Trump, the latest poll found that sonal or professional relationship. that represents all of us and not ward. third-party candidates pose a risk Their chemistry Tuesday offered a just the 1 percent.” “Secretary Clinton, we wish you to Clinton. In a four-way matchup, marked contrast to that on display Sanders devoted the bulk of his Godspeed in the fight that now 11 percent of Sanders Democrats at a recent Clinton event featuring speech to the issues that he fought looms,” McKibben said. said they would back Green Party Sen. (D-Mass.), for during the campaign, pausing Although Clinton is the pre- candidate and 8 percent another darling of the party’s pro- to note areas where he and Clin- sumed nominee, aides said Sand- would back of the gressive wing. While Warren ton shared common goals. ers has no plans to suspend his Libertarian Party, dropping Clin- punched the air to accentuate He broke into his broadest campaign or formally exit the race ton’s support to 65 percent.  SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 15 KLMNO NATION WEEKLY Seeking to soothe a tense nation

BY LOUISA LOVELUCK, bring a different perspective, then WILLIAM WAN AND we will never break this dangerous MARK BERMAN cycle.” Dallas Obama’s visit came on a quieter day after a stretch of demonstra- isiting yet another city tions from New York to Dallas to heartbroken by a mass Phoenix to San Francisco. In the V shooting, President wake of the deaths of Sterling, Cas- Obama tried to defuse tile and the Dallas officers, protests tensions that have erupted in the put numerous cities on . More past days — first when black men than 200 people were arrested, in Louisiana and Minnesota were sometimes after tense encounters killed by police, then when a gun- with police dressed in riot gear. man who said he was angry about The former police chief in Wash- those and similar deaths opened ington and Philadelphia compared fire on officers in Dallas. the bitter divisions and anxiety to At a service Tuesday “a powder keg” heading into the for the five officers slain here, Republicans’ and Democrats’ Obama sought to unify a nation presidential conventions. grieving and yet divided over fatal The nation’s continuing unease shootings involving police. The and jittery nerves were evident president called for open hearts even at the Dallas memorial serv- and understanding from both law ice. Helicopters circled overhead as enforcement and those protesting Secret Service agents patrolled the against them. Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Obama sharply criticized any- TOM PENNINGTON/GETTY IMAGES Center’s perimeter. Inside, some one who would paint all police as officers acknowledged keeping an bigoted or seek violence against In Dallas, President Obama urges all sides to eye out for possible escape routes. them. Yet he also acknowledged The rampage by former Army the fear and pain among black open their hearts and break ‘dangerous cycle’ reservist Micah Xavier Johnson Americans who feel targeted and has left a deep , said Lorenzo brutalized by police. Garza, a local federal deportation “We ask police to do too much, officer in the audience. “It reminds and we ask too little of ourselves,” Whenever Obama talked about “We wonder if an African Amer- Misty McBride, an us that it could be any one of us.” Obama said during his remarks, the fallen — Lorne Ahrens, Mi- ican community that feels unfairly officer with Dallas Dallas Police Chief David which capped an emotional inter- chael Krol, Michael Smith, Brent targeted by police, and police de- Area Rapid Transit, Brown received a huge response faith service just a mile from where Thompson and Patrick Zamarip- partments that feel unfairly ma- hugs a fellow officer when he came to the podium to the five officers died late Thursday. pa — the hall, filled deep with men ligned for doing their jobs, can before an interfaith stress that “there’s no greater love The event was held in a soaring and women in uniform, broke into ever understand each other’s ex- memorial service at than this that these five men gave symphony hall, attended by 2,500 applause. But most did not clap perience,” he said. the Morton H. their lives for all of us.” and marked by poignant moments. whenever the president spoke He praised police: “We know Meyerson Symphony Also on stage with him and the Five seats were left empty in a box about the pro- that the overwhelming majority of Center to honor the president were ; to the right of the stage, each tests or about the two African police officers do an incredibly five slain police Vice President Biden and his wife, draped in black and marked by a Americans shot and killed last hard and dangerous job fairly and officers. Jill; Bush’s wife, Laura; Dallas trifolded American flag. Spouses, week: Alton Sterling in Baton professionally. They are deserving Mayor Mike Rawlings; and other children and parents of those killed Rouge and Philando Castile in Fal- of our respect and not our scorn.” local and federal officials. After sat front and center in the first con Heights, Minn. Yet he channeled the experi- the service, the Obamas, Bidens rows. Afterward, one officer sitting ences of black Americans, too: “We and Bushes met for more than an On the streets of the city, offi- near the stage tried to explain the also know that centuries of racial hour with relatives of those slain cers from nearby pa- silence. “The tragedy is very fresh discrimination . . . didn’t simply as well as some of the officers who trolled to give Dallas officers, their in our minds — too fresh for some,” vanish with the end of lawful seg- were injured in the shooting, the badges still marked by black tape, said the officer, who spoke on the regation. We know that bias re- White House said. a chance to attend and mourn. condition of anonymity out of re- mains. . . . No institution is entire- “Those of us who love Dallas and Obama was joined on stage by spect for those grieving. “They ly immune. And that includes our call it home have had five deaths in former president George W. Bush, clapped when we were praised, police departments.” the family,” the former president who was making a rare public but when it came to race relations, Obama pleaded for each com- told those gathered. Bush also la- appearance since moving to Dal- it was more of a stony silence munity to open its hearts. “If we mented the country’s painful divi- las after he left the White House. where I was sitting.” cannot even talk about these sions: “Too often we judge other Even as the president spoke of For 40 minutes, Obama thread- things,” he said, “if we cannot talk groups by their worst examples unity, however, there were palpa- ed the raw emotions and festering honestly and openly not just in the while judging ourselves by our best ble signs of the deep chasm he said resentments of both sides, trying comfort of our own circles, but with intentions, and this has strained must be bridged. to pull them closer together. those who look different than us or our bonds of understanding.”  16 SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 KLMNO WEEKLY MARKETING

BY SARAH HALZACK outcome was clear in this year’s A material girl, presidential race. (And, for what n her nearly six decades on it’s worth, President Barbie’s skirt toy-store shelves, perhaps no suit and Vice President Barbie’s I year has brought bigger short peplum top are decidedly change for Barbie than 2016. rebranded for the un-Clintonian ensembles.) After watching the iconic doll’s Mattel has also convened an dominant market share slip every advisory council of people outside year since 2009, Mattel gambled the toy industry to offer it different in January on a major makeover. It millennial world assessments of the Barbie brand. gave Barbie more varied body The group includes young female shapes, skin tones and hair types. entrepreneurs, women who work The overture was meant to ad- in science and math fields, and dress what has long been the hard- Erin Loos Cutraro, chief executive est part of selling Barbie: Legions of She Should Run, who is im- of parents think the buxom, often- mersed in the political world. pale-skinned doll sends a lousy In some ways, it shouldn’t be message to girls about beauty surprising that Mattel is finding standards. millennial parents are seeking out But, it turns out, her body was purpose-minded brands, because only part of the problem. they are doing so across all kinds Barbie, it seems, has developed of retailing categories. Retailer a reputation as something of a Warby Parker has gained traction material girl. in part by touting its donations to “A lot of the conversation was nonprofits in order to increase focused on what Barbie had — her access to eyeglasses. Apparel start- stuff,” said Tania Missad, Mattel’s up Everlane has found an audi- senior director of global insights. ence by sharing what factory has In other words, Mattel research- made each piece of apparel it sells. ers found that when people have shown that they thought of Barbie, they thought like their shopping with a side of about the pink convertible, the corporate responsibility. Dreamhouse and the closet full of There are early signs that the tiny, plastic stilettos. They thought efforts to reinvent the brand are of a character whose life was more working: In the United States, Bar- MATTEL “Real Housewives” than real world. bie saw sales momentum picking And this, executives knew, was a up in the second half of 2015 and an problem. parents the company to be on the airwaves Mattel House-worthy power suit, the increase in sales at retail stores in were often content to have their with ads aimed squarely at par- dolls’ packaging will come with a the first quarter. girls play with a doll as long as it ents. During “Dancing With the plans to prompt to download a worksheet “Mattel is doing a good job mak- was merely entertaining. They Stars” and some of ABC’s holiday co-created with She Should Run ing her relevant again,” said Jim found that millennials, however, programming, for example, exec- realign that’s meant to get parents and Silver, editor in chief at toy review were fixated on giving their chil- utives plan to run a 30-second spot kids talking about leadership. website TTPM. dren toys that had purpose and that shows a girl playing with her Barbie’s The worksheet asks girls to cir- And yet it may be difficult to meaning. Barbies, pretending to be a science cle words that describe them as a change plenty of other people’s And so begins yet another cru- professor and lecturing her dolls ethos: leader, with choices such as “brave” deeply ingrained views about Bar- cial quest for Mattel: It is working about the human brain. Less and “fearless.” And it has a fill-in- bie. to use marketing and other strate- Even sooner than that, Mattel the-blank speech where girls can Elizabeth Sweet, who studies gies to reposition Barbie as an em- will take a new tack in marketing acquiring write about what they would do if gender-based toy marketing at the blem of imaginative, creative play. its President and Vice President they were president — a clear bid to University of California at Davis, They’ll probably find a recep- Barbie dolls, a set that has been and push the buttons of the purpose- said she sees the new roster of tive audience in moms who have rolling into stores in recent weeks driven millennial parent. diverse Barbies as a clear sign of nostalgia for the brand, the ones and gets its marketing launch more Mattel executives like to say progress for the brand. who remember the offbeat careers Wednesday. While it’s not new that that they want to change the focus And yet, Sweet said, “Unfortu- and personal adventures they Barbie is running for the highest aspiring from what Barbie has to what kind nately, the Barbie brand is rooted cooked up themselves while play- office in the land — she’s been doing of play activity Barbie enables. in appearance and beauty and ing with the dolls back in the day. so in most presidential campaign “It’s sort of the beginning of our body. And I don’t think they can And yet they’ll be challenged by years since 1992 — it’s new that she brand to start encouraging girls to really get away from that.” the persistent perception that Bar- comes with a running mate. And For its do something,” said Lisa McK- McKnight said this kind of criti- bie is a perpetuator of gender Mattel this year has teamed up President and night, senior vice president and cism is hardly new for Barbie stereotypes, not an agent for with a nonprofit group called She Vice President general manager of the Barbie brand to deal with. smashing them. Should Run to cast the tiny politi- Barbie dolls, brand. “We can’t be reactive to every Until now, if Mattel advertised cos in a somewhat different light. Mattel allied with If you’re wondering whether piece of feedback that we hear,” on television, it was largely with She Should Run is a nonparti- a nonpartisan the doll is a warm embrace of McKnight said. “That said, we also commercials that spoke directly to san group that works to get more group that presumptive Democratic nominee want to make sure that we’re lis- 5- to 7-year-old girls, offering de- women interested in running for encourages Hillary Clinton, Mattel says not so tening, that we have an evolution- scriptions of the toys and showing public office. So, this year, instead women to run for much: The company works on an ary mind-set, that we’re not too them how to play with them. of just presenting girls with an public office. 18-month product cycle, so this precious about any aspect of the But, starting this fall, look for elegantly coiffed doll in a White doll was in the works before the brand.”  SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 17 KLMNO ECONOMY WEEKLY The prosperity gap

Brookings Institution researchers ranked the 100 most populated metropolitan areas on how “inclusive” their economies are, using a variety of factors, such as equity and growth. Some areas with fast-growing economies have not done well at spreading prosperity. — Annys Shin

TOP 10 BOTTOM 10 * Salt Lake City

Ogden, Utah Provo, Utah

Minneapolis Madison, Wis. Scranton, Pa.

Detroit Harrisburg, Pa.

*

* * San Jose * * 28th: Washington, D.C Las Vegas * 34th: Richmond 56th: Albuquerque * * * Birmingham, * Ala.

Baton Rouge Memphis Hono lulu Jacksonville, Fla. New Orleans Jackson, Miss.

Lakeland, Fla.

SOURCE: JOHN IRONS AND ALAN BERUBE, BROOKINGS METROPOLITAN POLICY PROGRAM; METHODOLOGY AVAILABLE AT brook.gs/1ZMS16n; MAP: ISTOCKPHOTO 18 SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 KLMNO WEEKLY BOOKS The year when politics fractured

NON-FICTION REVIEWED BY LOZADA

hen the world starts feeling chaotic — and W yes, the summer of 2016 is making a strong play for chaos — it’s tempting to look back for reference points and precursors, to some past time that can explain why things turned out this way, that maybe can give us someone to blame. Michael A. Cohen’s “American Maelstrom” chronicles a bygone presidential election featuring a fear-mongering, race-baiting can- AMERICAN didate stoking white resentment; MAELSTROM a long-shot lefty whipping up col- The 1968 Election legiate frenzy with his anti-status- and the Politics quo message; and an establish- of Division ment front-runner who, recover- PHOTOS BY ASSOCIATED PRESS by Michael A. Cohen ing from a painful electoral defeat Delegates to the Republican National Convention hold a demonstration for Richard M. Nixon in 1968. Oxford. 427 pp. $29.95 eight years earlier, was hoping to Disputes erupted that year over the presidential pick at the Democratic National convention in Chicago. prove just likable enough to win. Voters cast their ballots against a the presidency: former vice presi- Johnson’s leadership,” Cohen ex- gan’s message was nothing next to backdrop of political assassina- dent Richard Nixon, Gov. Ronald plains. McCarthy’s decision to Wallace, who became a regional tions, and a seem- Reagan, Gov. Nelson Rockefeller represent the antiwar movement, hero in 1963 with his “stand at the ingly endless war, one that Ameri- and Gov. George Romney on the while lacking a realistic hope of schoolhouse door,” seeking to cans did not want to lose but did Republican side; Vice President victory, “ended up being the most block integration at the University not care to continue waging. Hubert Humphrey, Sen. Robert transformative event of the 1968 of Alabama. As he expanded his Cohen, a political columnist for Kennedy, Sen. Eugene McCarthy election,” nudging Johnson out of anti-civil-rights message into a , does not draw and (at times) President Lyndon the race and drawing Kennedy in. populist indictment of federal ac- direct parallels between particu- Johnson for the Democrats; and The senator from Minnesota tivism, Wallace became a national lar candidates in 1968 and today; former Alabama governor George didn’t just oppose the war; he political force. “By painting a pic- no, that would be too easy. The Wallace, the Democrat-turned- “openly questioned the notion of ture of an overzealous federal gov- true link is not the politicians, he independent who was “so willing American virtue in global affairs.” ernment that put the needs of contends, but the politics. The to tap into the dark pools of popu- Humphrey, long trapped in his blacks ahead of those of ‘hard- presidential campaign would lar alienation.” subservient role as LBJ’s , working Americans,’ Wallace was fracture the nation’s post-World The book proceeds methodical- finally unshackled himself with a taking a wrecking ball to the liber- War II “liberal consensus” — the ly, devoting separate chapters to major speech just weeks al consensus,” Cohen writes. No understanding among Republi- the individual candidates’ cam- before the election. Calling for a candidate had a lesser chance of can and Democratic elites that the paigns before delving into the na- halt to the bombing of the North, winning, the author explains, yet federal government should pro- tional party conventions, the elec- Humphrey signaled that the anti- “no politician did more to change vide economic opportunity and tion itself and its long-term after- war movement, not the hawks, the narrative and language of security at home and remain vigi- math. The result is a fast-paced now called the shots in the party. American politics.” lant against abroad. and engaging account, almost too In Cohen’s telling, this shift led to There are countless books de- In its place, he argues, appeared much so; whenever you want to decades of Democratic insecurity claring that one particular year — the polarization now so pervasive dig deeper into any one story, on national security. or one month, or even one week — in our politics, as “the ideological- you’re already moving on. From the right, the Republican changed everything. They’re usu- ly committed wings of each side The broader political transfor- Party upended the other half of ally a stretch, but they’re fun began to more forcibly assert mation Cohen describes happens the liberal consensus — the expec- thought experiments, a chance to themselves.” in a pincer move: From the left, tation that the federal govern- spitball on the contingencies of The result was not just a Nixon Democrats shattered the notion ment should buttress the popula- history. “American Maelstrom” of- presidency that would end in dis- that the United States should de- tion’s economic fate. Instead, the fers a better case than most, plus it grace, it was “four decades of divi- vote blood and treasure to the GOP cast itself as the defender of provides the irresistible opportu- sion, incoherence, and parochial- anti-communist cause. McCarthy, “traditional values,” while “play- nity to cast today’s candidates in ism in American politics.” though ambivalent about the ing on growing white resentment 1968’s drama.  Cohen tells this unhappy story presidency, “offered his candidacy and anxiety over social disorder through the strategies and for- as a political outlet for Americans and racial integration.” Lozada is the nonfiction book critic of tunes of the men contending for sick of the war and dismayed with The implicit racial bias in Rea- The Washington Post. SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 19 KLMNO BOOKS WEEKLY The precursor to Re-examining the Trump’s candidacy Burger high court

NON-FICTION REVIEWED BY DAVID GREENBERG NON-FICTION REVIEWED BY JUSTIN DRIVER

he fireball candidacy of most no ink because they didn’t fter President Richard city schools underfunded. Simi- Donald Trump has creat- dominate the news until after Nixon tapped Judge larly, the authors observe that, T ed shock waves of nostal- Bush left office. A Warren Burger to re- while police officers were formal- gia for an ostensibly Because Smith dwells on what place outgoing Chief Jus- ly required to inform arrested moderate, reasonable Republi- was in the news, his book is tice Earl Warren in 1969 and then suspects of their Miranda rights, can Party of yore. Trump’s vulgar- dominated by the wars undertak- appointed three more justices the hollowed out ity, anti-intellectualism, mendac- en in response to the terrorist during his first presidential the decision by introducing ma- ity, mean-spiritedness and brawl- attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. The term, many legal liberals feared jor exceptions. ing, bullying style have been invasion of Afghanistan to topple that this cohort would systemati- Instead of comparing the deemed unprecedented and un- the , and especially the cally overturn the Warren court’s Burger court only with its insti- paralleled. more dubious choice to invade most esteemed precedents, in- tutional predecessor, the authors But anyone prone to romanti- Iraq and depose Saddam Hus- cluding Brown v. Board of Edu- also examine the institution in cize the old GOP should take a sein, will almost certainly define cation and Miranda v. Arizona. light of its two successors: the bracing shot of “Bush,” a hefty Bush’s presidency for decades to BUSH But a curious thing happened Rehnquist court, beginning in biography of our 43rd president come. It’s hard to imagine a better By Jean Edward Smith next: The dreaded day of reckon- 1986, and the Roberts court, by the prolific and acclaimed overview than this volume of Simon & Schuster. ing never materialized. This sur- beginning in 2005. Graetz and biographer Jean Edward Smith. both invasions, their troubled oc- 808 pp. $35 prising outcome was captured in Greenhouse argue that on a wide Written in sober, smooth, snark- cupations, their political fallout, an influential 1983 volume of array of issues — from presiden- free prose, with an air of thought- and their implications for civil essays on the Burger court subti- tial power to corporate power, ful, detached authority, the book liberties and executive power at tled “The Counter-Revolution from the establishment clause to is nonetheless exceedingly damn- home. That Wasn’t.” Justice Lewis F. the equal protection clause — it ing in its judgments about George On Bush’s conduct of these Powell Jr., who served with Burg- is impossible to understand the W. Bush’s years in office. It re- wars — and indeed on most as- er for 15 years, amplified this conservative shifts enacted by minds us anew of Bush’s own pects of the man and his presi- perception in a speech to the the Rehnquist and Roberts arrogance, recklessness, strong- dency — Smith is relentlessly American Bar Association in courts without first compre- arm politics and scorn for ideas — critical and may strike some read- 1986, the final year of Burger’s hending the body that initiated and of the apoplexy he provoked ers as hyperbolic. “Rarely in the tenure: “There has been no con- the rightward trajectory. As the from liberals and Democrats who history of the United States has servative counter- revolution by authors contend, “Warren Burg- felt powerless to rein him in. the nation been so ill-served as the Burger court. None of the er’s Court played a crucial role in If Smith’s narrative feels famil- during the presidency of George landmark decisions of the War- establishing the conservative le- iar, it may also be because he W. Bush,” his book begins, and the ren court was overruled, and gal foundation for the even more closely tracks the headlines of the judgments rarely soften. some were extended.” conservative Courts that fol- day: Proceeding chronologically, In sizing up Bush’s character, THE BURGER COURT Michael J. Graetz and Linda lowed.” his account showcases whatever Smith is plainly put off by his AND THE RISE OF THE Greenhouse’s ambitious and en- In recent decades, law profes- was prominent in the news at a subject’s swaggering manner, his JUDICIAL RIGHT gaging new book seeks to dis- sors have treated the Burger given moment. Events or deci- unreflective style and his illiberal By Michael J. Graetz lodge this conventional account court as the nation generally has sions that escaped the spotlight attitudes. Perhaps most displeas- and Linda Greenhouse of the Burger court. Even if that treated disco, lava lamps, acid- when they unfolded are dealt ing to Smith is Bush’s mixture of Simon & Schuster. institution did not explicitly washed jeans and other cultural with only when their ramifica- pious righteousness and gut-level 468 pp. $30 overrule key Warren court con- detritus from that bygone era: tions become clear. Thus, Bush’s decision-making. Time and tributions, Graetz and Green- The less said, the better. Graetz housing policies — from his pro- again, he writes with dismay of house contend that the domi- and Greenhouse’s work serves as motion of an “ownership society” how Bush “dismissed” prescient nant assessment of the Burger an important corrective, demon- to the 2008 mortgage-market warnings or thoughtful advice, or years severely understates the strating that the Burger court crash — are shoehorned into the took big steps without proper legal transformation that oc- demands far more sustained book’s penultimate chapter, not consideration. curred during this period. “The scrutiny and analysis than legal laid out at the earlier moments Even if one rejects the extreme Burger Court dramatically di- scholarship has generally afford- when he was making or acquiesc- verdict that Bush’s presidency minished the scope and impact ed it. ing in the steps that enabled the was among the worst ever, the of the Warren Court precedents: Readers interested in the Su- crisis. example of his unquestionably they survived, but only their preme Court’s role in American Structuring the book this way troubled tenure suggests that façade was left standing,” the society during the second half of deprives readers of the opportu- while scorn for ideas and indeci- authors conclude. While Brown’s the 20th century will gather nity to glimpse events in a fresh sion in a leader may have its costs, prohibition on racial segregation significant from this light — to learn unexpected back- so too does the instinct for decid- technically remained good law, book’s elegant, illuminating ar- stories or note juxtapositions that ing things too quickly.  they note, the Burger court cur- guments.  are revealing only in hindsight. tailed its import by placing geo- Some deeply consequential devel- Greenberg is a Rutgers University graphic limitations on busing Driver is a law professor at the opments, such as Iran’s bid to professor and author of “Republic of and by refusing to invalidate and is writing a acquire nuclear weapons, get al- Spin.” expenditure plans that left inner- book about the Supreme Court. 20 SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 KLMNO WEEKLY OPINIONS How to repair our toxic, partisan politics

WILL BARDEN- WERPER On a clear summer evening, we squinted into the sun served as an infantry setting over the softball field on our U.S. Army base in officer in the U.S. Army and, more recently, as a Germany. One of my friends, who hailed from a small civilian employee in the Pennsylvania town, said: “Look out there, Will, and tell me Office of the Secretary of Defense. that isn’t cool. There’s a good ole boy from West pitching; in center field, we have a black power-lifter from SARAH L. VOISIN/THE WASHINGTON POST ; in right field, there’s a Puerto Rican; at first base, an Americorps volunteer Melona Markham, 20, of Detroit, mixes concrete Irish American from South Boston. I went to West Point, for a playground refurbishing during a national day of service in 2014.

and you went to Princeton. If we were back home, what blue, the very rich and everyone status quo. would be the chances that all of our paths would ever cross?” else, encouraging everyone to Remarkably, the demand of spend a year working together to those looking to serve actually I was reminded of that begin moving us toward a sense perform a mission focused on the exceeds the supply of moment the other night as my of shared destiny would be a collective good would bridge opportunities. Beyond military wife and I watched the final scene period of national service, either some of the divides that are service, we need not look far to of “Band of Brothers,” in which military or civil. The question weakening us as a country. How see domestic problems that the soldiers play softball as the over whether it should be often do the “coastal elites” could be addressed by a narrator explains what became of mandatory, or merely express befuddlement at the workforce of thousands of young them after the war. After a few incentivized and encouraged, as support for Donald Trump, people, from our crumbling moments sitting in stunned the bipartisan Franklin Project is confiding to each other that infrastructure to homelessness. silence as the credits rolled, in working toward, can be debated. they’ve “never met a Trump The benefits of the service awe of the almost unimaginable However, as Gen. Stanley voter.” Likewise, some people in would go beyond the children self-sacrifice of Dick Winters and McChrystal writes, the “need to the reddest of counties rarely, if taught by Teach for America or the men of Easy Company, “Band create a culture of service where ever, come face to face with a homes built by Habitat for of Brothers” gave way to a cable we are all invested in our nation’s committed progressive. Humanity. It would even go news show and its cacophony of future and feel a shared sense of The vote in Britain last beyond the estimated $4 pundits shouting party-issued responsibility to our nation and month illustrates what happens returned to society in benefits for talking points at each other, to each other” should not require when socioeconomic elites have every $1 invested in these without a trace of original extensive deliberation. grown so detached from the rest programs. The most valuable thought. It was hard to avoid a Many Americans have just of the citizenry that a factory result would be in the volunteers sense of melancholy at the abrupt about given up on our political worker in Manchester seems themselves, many of whom transition from Easy Company’s class, sensing that it does little more foreign to a banker in would go on to become more selfless service to today’s toxic besides raise money and protect than a fellow financier productive citizens, as studies of political discourse, and to a social incumbency. This political in Frankfurt. AmeriCorps have shown. fabric that appears to be paralysis threatens the health of Throw us all together as My friend’s observation at our unraveling along partisan and our republic more than the bunkmates in Basic Training, Army softball game was simple socioeconomic lines. Islamic State ever could. Though though, or the austere conditions yet profound. It is why so many How has the country for which many have “chosen sides” in this of the FEMA Corps or the Peace veterans, when asked what they our grandparents sacrificed so self-defeating political bloodsport, Corps, and it is possible that the miss about the military, mention much come to this? how many feel inspired by a sense shared sacrifice could help us see the camaraderie and shared Yes, we have serious issues, of a collective national mission? what we have in common, and sense of purpose. If we are lucky, but we are not confronted with But watching the selflessness of feel more invested in our circumstances will not soon an imminent existential threat. the Band of Brothers as they collective success. require the scale of self-sacrifice We are not experiencing jumped into Normandy and Would the experience lead to exhibited by the greatest anything as ruinous as the Civil endured the Battle of the Bulge instant national harmony? No. generation. But the type of War or either of our world wars. reminds us of what Americans are But it would help us to humanize brotherhood displayed on that So why this sense that the ties capable of, and that we do not those whom we may otherwise German softball field should not that bind our country together need to resign ourselves to this be conditioned to disdain by be beyond our reach. are fraying while we furiously civic fragmentation. partisan insiders and their media National service is an idea pull in opposite directions? In a society that continues to enablers, who perversely benefit whose time has come, assuming One powerful step that could divide between red state and from the increasingly corrosive it’s not already too late.  SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 21 KLMNO OPINIONS WEEKLY

TOM TOLES

many black people distrust the with. The voices the country needs police. In Ferguson, Mo., where This is why voices such as events led to the Black Lives Brown’s and Williams’s are so Matter movement, Justice vital, even as I recognize the Department investigators found racial stereotyping implicit in KATHLEEN By now most Americans know the name of Dallas Police Chief David department-wide racism. this observation. But the larger PARKER O. Brown — and quite a few wouldn’t mind seeing him play a larger It is not without reason that point is that while protesters can writes a twice-weekly national role. I hear Republicans are looking for a substitute nominee. blacks have little faith in a be marginalized as rabble- column on politics and Brown is admired not only as a defender of law and order but also criminal justice system that rousers, the voices of a respected culture. She received the as a blunt spokesman for a nation reeling from violence. He minces no imprisons them at six times the and a police chief can’t. for words when he says, “We’re asking to do too much in this rate of whites, according to a Pew Nor can one ignore (black) Commentary In 2010. country” or, addressing protesters around the country, “We’re hiring.” Research Center study. Or that tenured Harvard economist awards blacks nearly 20 percent Roland Fryer, who on Monday “Get off that protest line and heartfelt sorrow he shares with longer sentences than whites for released research findings that put an application in, and we’ll so many. And, let’s be honest, my similar crimes, according to a police officers don’t, in fact, use put you in your neighborhood fellow white folks, because he’s 2013 report by the U.S. deadly force more often against and we will help you resolve black. And another black Dallas Sentencing Commission. blacks than whites. Indeed, in some of the problems you’re voice has added texture and Personal experience and , one of the cities protesting about.” depth to the debate now roiling observation also play a role. Even studied, police were less likely to Such tough talk is welcome wherever people gather. Brian Williams, whose demeanor is as shoot when the suspect was from a man who has his own Williams, the surgeon who nonthreatening as that of any black. But Fryer also found that share of suffering, including the futilely tried to save some of the central-casting physician, black suspects more often than of his son, who went on a wounded officers’ lives, became acknowledged his own “fear and whites are subjected to nonlethal shooting rampage, killing two emotional as he expressed his mild inherent distrust in law force, such as being shoved people, including a police officer, own grief, not only for the dead enforcement, that goes back to against a wall. before being killed in a firefight but also over the violence. my own personal experiences What’s clear as facts are added with police. Whatever forces “I don’t understand why that I’ve had in my own personal to narratives enhanced by video compelled those acts will no people think it’s okay to kill life.” and live streaming is that few doubt become part of a larger police officers,” he said in a CNN This isn’t to indict all police things can be reduced to black story in time. interview. “I don’t understand officers or even many, but there and white. It also seems we have For now, Brown has focused why black men die in custody are “those.” Writing for , reached a tipping point in what his energies on comforting the and they’re forgotten the next former black police officer any society can tolerate when it families of the dead and day. I don’t know why this has to Redditt Hudson posited that 15 comes to injustice. Finally, the articulating our anxieties amid be us against them. . . . percent of police will always do nation’s long-overdue the chaos and killing. Something has to be done.” the right thing; 15 percent will conversation about race and His has been the calming voice Most people don’t understand abuse their authority at any racism is on the front burner. the country needs, made all the either. But, as Williams also said, opportunity; the remaining 70 Keeping it there is the least we more powerful by virtue of his we get the anger and frustration. percent could go either way can do for those whose blood was personal experience and the It is not without reason that depending on whom they’re shed to make it so.  22 SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 KLMNO OPINIONS WEEKLY

BY CLAY BENNETT FOR THE CHATTANOOGA TIMES FREE PRESS BY HALL

choice more practical. only age group with big increases Is the nation’s car culture dying? Other theories focus on were those 55 or higher. lifestyles and values. Cars pollute, When the economists adjusted contributing to global warming. the buying behavior of different Millennials disapprove. They are age groups for income, ROBERT J. Few technological breakthroughs have had the social and economic said to prefer cities where they employment status and some SAMUELSON impact of the automobile. It changed America’s geography, spawning can walk, bike or use buses to get demographic factors (marriage, writes a weekly column suburbs, shopping malls and sprawl as far as the eye could see. It to stores, restaurants and jobs. children, education, race), they on economics. redefined how we work and play, from the daily commute to the The most fascinating theory is found few differences. “Economic weekend trek to the beach. It expanded the heavy industry — steel- that the Internet has displaced factors,” as opposed to making, car production — that made the Midwest the economy’s the automobile. Both are social “permanent shifts in tastes and epicenter for decades. And, finally but not least, the car became the instruments, it’s argued. Instead preferences,” shaped car sales. quintessential symbol of American mobility, status and independence. of going to the mall, teens and Since 1960, ordinary drivers’ others stay in touch through travel distances have nearly Now there are signs that the on magazine’s social media and texting. It’s doubled, from 7,700 miles car and its many offshoots (SUVs, CityLab website — indicating that cheaper and more convenient. annually to 14,100 miles in 2014, pickup ) are losing their the number of licensed drivers 16 Maybe. But a new study by reports the FHWA. Still, the car grip on the American psyche and or younger in 2014 had dropped Federal Reserve economists culture no longer exerts the pocketbook. The car culture may 37 percent since 2009 and, at 1.08 Christopher Kurz, Geng Li and stranglehold on the American be dying or, at any rate, slumping million, was “the lowest number Daniel Vine suggests that most consciousness that it once did. into a prolonged era of eclipse. since the .” potential young buyers couldn’t There is too much congestion for The only question is whether the More impressive, the trend afford a new vehicle or didn’t that. Perhaps today’s millennials signs of change can be believed. seems long term. A report from want to incur the debt and will break new ground, even if it It’s not clear. the Highway Loss Data Institute operating expenses of doing so. is the consequence of their Young Americans, particularly cites studies showing that from Economic considerations predicament — debts elevated, millennials (ages 18 to 35), have 1983 to 2010 the share of 16-year- dominated. incomes squeezed — rather than lost their zest for buying and olds with a license fell from 46 The study confirmed that new a cause. More of them may decide driving cars, it’s said. Once upon a percent to 28 percent; over the vehicle sales to younger that city living or clustered time, getting your driver’s license same period, the share of licensed consumers (16 to 34) weakened suburban communities are more — typically at 16 or 17 — was a rite 17-year-olds declined from 69 after the . From appealing than traditional of passage. You were liberated percent to 46 percent. 2000 to 2010, their share of sales suburbs. may from dependence on the parental Theories abound to explain fell from 28.6 percent to 19.8 defeat commuting. chauffeur. It was a big step this shift. One emphasizes cost; percent. By 2015, it had recovered Or perhaps not. We simply toward adulthood. But this it’s too expensive to own a car, slightly to 22.6 percent. But don’t know. What we do know is landmark no longer seems to especially after the high declines for some other age that we are, to a large extent, matter so much. unemployment and meager wage groups were larger. Among 35-to- prisoners of the past. The car Just recently, the Federal gains of the Great Recession. 49-year-olds, the share of sales created today’s residential Highway Administration (FHWA) and other on-demand slid from 39.2 percent in 2000 to geography, and it cannot be published figures — first reported transportation services make this 29.9 percent in 2015. Indeed, the repealed simply or swiftly.  SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016 23 KLMNO WEEKLY FIVE MYTHS Class in the United States

BY NANCY ISENBERG “For the first time in a generation, the working class is front and cen- ter in an election cycle,” one MarketWatch writer proclaimed. But the definition of “working class” is fuzzy, and there are lots of miscon- ceptions about class in the United States.

MYTH NO. 1 children who were “half-breeds.” The working class is white and In the 19th century, Alabama male. lawyer and author Daniel That’s true only if you ignore Hundley defined class in Asians, Latinos and African ancestral terms, laying out seven Americans. different options. At the top, he This gets at something placed an inherited aristocracy, important: America has never descendants of royal Cavalier housed some monolithic entity blood. At the bottom was “white called the “working class.” As trash,” heirs of the wretched poor early as 1791, Alexander dumped in the American LEWIS WICKES HINE/LIBRARY OF CONGRESS argued that those best suited for colonies. A young laborer at the Alexandria Glass Factory in Alexandria, Va., in factory work were women and Today, record inequality 1911 worked both day and night shifts. children, which became the norm divides the rich and the poor. Our in textile mills until child labor country’s wealthy “1 percent” the country. ) refused to extend laws were passed in the 20th takes home 20 percent of all There are lots of reasons for Social Security to farm laborers, century. Chinese workers built pretax income, double their 1980 this. Our education-funding discriminating against blacks and the Transcontinental Railroad; share. For most middle-class and system perpetuates inequality. whites alike. Even our tax policies immigrants labored in the Ohio lower-income families, income Children in poor families more penalize the poor. In 2009, the top steel industry; whites and blacks has either stagnated or fallen. In frequently attend poorer schools 1 percent of earners paid 5.2 toiled side by side in 20th-century short, Americans have not and receive fewer enrichment percent of their income in state Louisiana sawmills. escaped class hierarchies, but opportunities. As a result, they’re and local taxes, while the poorest Today’s working class is even reinvented them generation by less likely to attend college and 20 percent paid 10.9 percent. more diverse. A recent study generation. earn a degree. Data show that Class power takes many forms. found that more than half of all children from families with Its enduring force, its ability to Hispanics and African Americans MYTH NO. 3 incomes of at least $120,000 score project hatred toward the lower identify as working class. Class mobility is uniquely much better on the SATs than classes, was best summed up by Additionally, about 50 percent of American. their peers from households two presidents 175 years apart. In women see themselves as Indeed, Americans are more earning $20,000 or less. 1790, Vice President John Adams working class. Another report optimistic about their chances of Sociologists have also found argued that Americans not only predicted that people of color will getting ahead than people in that parents’ wealth is one of the scrambled to get ahead; they make up the majority of the other places. But in reality, it’s best predictors of a child’s needed someone to disparage. American working class by 2032. harder to rise above your class in economic success. Rich families “There must be one, indeed, who the United States than in just are more likely to own property is the last and lowest of the MYTH NO. 2 about any other developed and to pass wealth on to their human species,” he wrote. Lyndon Most Americans don’t notice country; economic mobility is offspring. In America, land Johnson came to the same class differences. much more possible in places like ownership is one of the best ways conclusion in explaining the The United States has always Japan, Germany and Australia. to preserve wealth — and share it racism of poor whites: “If you can been a stratified country. In with the next generation. convince the lowest white man Franklin’s time, people were MYTH NO. 4 he’s better than the best colored sorted into three classes: “better,” With talent and hard work, MYTH NO. 5 man, he won’t notice you’re “middling” and “meaner.” The you can rise above your class. Class oppression isn’t as picking his pocket. Hell, give him people at the bottom were seen as Actually, it’s hard to rise above common as racial oppression. somebody to look down on, and coarse, vulgar, unfinished — your income level. In cities such Americans have a long history he’ll empty his pockets for you.”  composed of baser materials. as Atlanta, New York and of making life harder for the poor, Jefferson described the Washington, a child raised in a no matter their race. Jim Crow’s Isenberg, the T. Harry Williams upper of the Virginia poor family has a less than 10 infamous poll tax divested poor professor of American history at planter class as pure-blood percent chance of becoming whites as well as poor blacks of Louisiana State University, is the author aristocrats; those who married wealthy in his or her lifetime. It’s the right to vote. During the New of “: The 400-Year Untold beneath their station produced not much better in other parts of Deal, Southern politicians (except History of Class in America.”