Roadmap on Optical Rogue Waves and Extreme Events
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2–10 Μm Mid-Infrared Fiber-Based Supercontinuum Laser Source
2–10 µm Mid-Infrared Fiber-Based Supercontinuum Laser Source: Experiment and Simulation Sebastien Venck, François St-Hilaire, L Brilland, Amar Nath Ghosh, Radwan Chahal, Céline Caillaud, Marcello Meneghetti, J Troles, Franck Joulain, Solenn Cozic, et al. To cite this version: Sebastien Venck, François St-Hilaire, L Brilland, Amar Nath Ghosh, Radwan Chahal, et al.. 2–10 µm Mid-Infrared Fiber-Based Supercontinuum Laser Source: Experiment and Simulation. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2020. hal-03023809 HAL Id: hal-03023809 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03023809 Submitted on 25 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 2-10 µm Mid-Infrared All-Fiber Supercontinuum Laser Source: Experiment and Simulation Sébastien Venck1, François St-Hilaire2,6, Laurent Brilland1, Amar N. Ghosh2, Radwan Chahal1, Céline Caillaud1, Marcello Meneghetti3, Johann Troles3, Franck Joulain4, Solenn Cozic4, Samuel Poulain4, Guillaume Huss5, Martin Rochette6, John Dudley2, and Thibaut Sylvestre∗2 1SelenOptics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France 2Institut FEMTO-ST, -
Supercontinuum Generation in Optical Fibers and Its Biomedical Applications
1/100 Supercontinuum Generation in Optical Fibers and its Biomedical Applications Govind P. Agrawal The Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester, New York, USA JJ II J c 2014 G. P. Agrawal I Back Close Introduction • Optical Fibers were developed during the 1960s with medical appli- cations in mind (endoscopes). 2/100 • During 1980{2000 optical fibers were exploited for telecommunica- tions and now form the backbone for the Internet. • Biomedical applications of fibers increased after 2000 with the ad- vent of photonic crystal and other microstructured fibers. • Supercontinuum (ultrabroad coherent spectrum) is critical for many biomedical applications. • Nonlinear effects inside fibers play an important role in generating JJ a supercontinuum. II • This talk focuses on Supercontinuum generation with emphasis on J I their biomedical applications. Back Close Supercontinuum History • Discovered in 1969 using borosilicate glass as a nonlinear medium 3/100 [Alfano and Shapiro, PRL 24, 584 (1970)]. • In this experiment, 300-nm-wide supercontinuum covered the entire visible region. • A 20-m-long fiber was employed in 1975 to produce 180-nm wide supercontinuum using Q-switched pulses from a dye laser [Lin and Stolen, APL 28, 216 (1976)]. • 25-ps pulses were used in 1987 but the bandwidth was only 50 nm [Beaud et al., JQE 23, 1938 (1987)]. JJ • 200-nm-wide supercontinuum obtained in 1989 by launching 830-fs II pulses into 1-km-long single-mode fiber [Islam et al., JOSA B 6, J 1149 (1989)]. I Back Close Supercontinuum History • Supercontinuum work with optical fibers continued during 1990s 4/100 with telecom applications in mind. -
Fundamentals of Frequency Combs: What They Are and How They Work
Fundamentals of frequency combs: What they are and how they work Scott Diddams Time and Frequency Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder, CO KISS Worshop: “Optical Frequency Combs for Space Applications” 1 Outline 1. Optical frequency combs in timekeeping • How we got to where we are now…. 2. The multiple faces of an optical frequency comb 3. Classes of frequency combs and their basic operation principles • Mode-locked lasers • Microcombs • Electro-optic frequency combs 4. Challenges and opportunities for frequency combs 2 Timekeeping: The long view Oscillator Freq. f = 1 Hz Rate of improvement f = 10 kHz since 1950: 1.2 decades / 10 years f = 10 GHz “Moore’s Law”: 1.5 decades / 10 years f = 500 THz Gravitational red shift of 10 cm Sr optical clock ? f = 10-100 PHz ?? S. Diddams, et al, Science (2004) Timekeeping: The long view Oscillator Freq. f = 1 Hz f = 10 kHz f = 10 GHz f = 500 THz Gravitational red shift of 10 cm Sr optical clock ? f = 10-100 PHz ?? S. Diddams, et al, Science (2004) Use higher frequencies ! Dividing the second into smaller pieces yields superior frequency standards and metrology tools: 15 νoptical 10 ≈ ≈ 105 νmicrowave 1010 In principle (!), optical standards could surpass their microwave counterparts by up to five orders of magnitude ... but how can one count, control and measure optical frequencies? 5 Optical Atomic Clocks Atom(s) νo Detector At NIST/JILA: Ca, Hg+, Al+, Yb, Sr & Slow Δν Laser Control Atomic Resonance Counter & Laser Read Out Fast Laser (laser frequency comb) Control •Isolated cavity narrows laser linewidth and provides short term timing reference Isolated Optical Cavity •Atoms provide long-term stability and accuracy— now now at 10-18 level! •Laser frequency comb acts as a divider/counter Outline 1. -
Towards On-Chip Self-Referenced Frequency-Comb Sources Based on Semiconductor Mode-Locked Lasers
micromachines Review Towards On-Chip Self-Referenced Frequency-Comb Sources Based on Semiconductor Mode-Locked Lasers Marcin Malinowski 1,*, Ricardo Bustos-Ramirez 1 , Jean-Etienne Tremblay 2, Guillermo F. Camacho-Gonzalez 1, Ming C. Wu 2 , Peter J. Delfyett 1,3 and Sasan Fathpour 1,3,* 1 CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; [email protected] (R.B.-R.); [email protected] (G.F.C.-G.); [email protected] (P.J.D.) 2 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected] (J.-E.T.); [email protected] (M.C.W.) 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (S.F.) Received: 14 May 2019; Accepted: 5 June 2019; Published: 11 June 2019 Abstract: Miniaturization of frequency-comb sources could open a host of potential applications in spectroscopy, biomedical monitoring, astronomy, microwave signal generation, and distribution of precise time or frequency across networks. This review article places emphasis on an architecture with a semiconductor mode-locked laser at the heart of the system and subsequent supercontinuum generation and carrier-envelope offset detection and stabilization in nonlinear integrated optics. Keywords: frequency combs; heterogeneous integration; second-harmonic generation; supercontinuum; integrated photonics; silicon photonics; mode-locked lasers; nonlinear optics 1. Introduction The field of integrated photonics aims at harnessing optical waves in submicron-scale devices and circuits, for applications such as transmitting information (communications) and gathering information about the environment (imaging, spectroscopy, etc.). -
Atomic Clocks of the Future: Using the Ultrafast and Ultrastable'
Atomic clocks of the future: using the ultrafast and ultrastable' Leo Hollberg, Scott Diddanis, Chris Oates, Anne Curtis. SCbastien Bize, and Jim Bergquist National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 F-mai!: !~ol!ber~~,b~~!der.ni~~.gc\~ *Contribution of NlST not subject Lo copyrigl~t. Abstract. The applicalion of ultrafast mode-locked lasers and nonlinear optics to optical frequency nietrology is revolutionizing the field ofatomic clocks. The basic concepts and applications are reviewed using our recent rcsults with two optical atomic frequency standards based on laser cooled and trapped atoms. In contrast to today's atomic clocks that are based on electronic oscillators locked to microwave transitions in atoms, the nest generation of atomic clocks will ]nos[ likely employ lasers and optical transitions in lasel--cooled atoms and ions. Optical atomic frequency standards use frequency-stabilized CW lasers with good short-term stability that are stabilized to narrow atomic rcsonances using feedback control systems. At NIST we are developing two optical frequency standards, one based on laser cooled and trapped calcium atoms and the other on a single laser cooled trapped Hg+ ion. Similar research is being done at labs around the world. 1\1oving from microwave frequencies, where one cycle corresponds to 100 ps, to optical frequencies where one cycle is a femtosecond long, allows us to divide time into smaller intervals and hence gain frequency stability and timing precision. Steady progress over the past 30 years has improved the performance of optical fiquency standards to the point that they are now competitive with, and even moving beyond. -
High-Throughput Biological Cell Classification Featuring Real-Time Optical Data Compression
Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, CISS 2015, Baltimore, MD, USA, March 18-20 2015 High-throughput Biological Cell Classification Featuring Real-time Optical Data Compression Bahram Jalali*, Ata Mahjoubfar, and Claire L. Chen Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA Plenary Talk *Email: [email protected] Abstract—High throughput real-time instruments are needed the current gold standard in high-speed fluorescence imaging to acquire large data sets for detection and classification of rare [16]. events. Enabled by the photonic time stretch digitizer, a new class of instruments with record throughputs have led to the discovery Producing data rates as high as one tera bit per second, of optical rogue waves [1], detection of rare cancer cells [2], and these real-time instruments pose a big data challenge that the highest analog-to-digital conversion performance ever overwhelms even the most advanced computers [17]. Driven achieved [3]. Featuring continuous operation at 100 million by the necessity of solving this problem, we have recently frames per second and shutter speed of less than a nanosecond, introduced and demonstrated a categorically new data the time stretch camera is ideally suited for screening of blood compression technology [18, 19]. The so called Anamorphic and other biological samples. It has enabled detection of breast (warped) Stretch Transform is a physics based data processing cancer cells in blood with record, one-in-a-million, sensitivity [2]. technique that aims to mitigate the big data problem in real- Owing to their high real-time throughput, instruments produce a time instruments, in digital imaging, and beyond [17-21]. -
Dissipative Rogue Waves Generated by Chaotic Pulse Bunching in a Mode-Locked Laser
week ending PRL 108, 233901 (2012) PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 8 JUNE 2012 Dissipative Rogue Waves Generated by Chaotic Pulse Bunching in a Mode-Locked Laser C. Lecaplain,1 Ph. Grelu,1 J. M. Soto-Crespo,2 and N. Akhmediev3 1Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, U.M.R. 6303 C.N.R.S., Universite´ de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP 47870 Dijon Cedex 21078, France 2Instituto de O´ ptica, C.S.I.C., Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain 3Optical Sciences Group, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia (Received 14 December 2011; published 5 June 2012) Rare events of extremely high optical intensity are experimentally recorded at the output of a mode- locked fiber laser that operates in a strongly dissipative regime of chaotic multiple-pulse generation. The probability distribution of these intensity fluctuations, which highly depend on the cavity parameters, features a long-tailed distribution. Recorded intensity fluctuations result from the ceaseless relative motion and nonlinear interaction of pulses within a temporally localized multisoliton phase. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.233901 PACS numbers: 42.65.Tg, 47.20.Ky Waves of extreme amplitude, or ‘‘rogue waves,’’ have satisfying the criteria of rogue waves [17,18]. In order to been the subject of intense research activity during the past strongly interact, the multiplicity of pulses should be con- decade [1,2]. Initiated first in the context of oceanic waves, fined within a relatively tight temporal domain. The two where the induced stakes and consequences are the most predictions also stressed the dominant impact of dissipa- critical, the notion of ‘‘rogue waves’’ or ‘‘freak waves’’ is tive effects on the involved nonlinear dynamics. -
The Universal Route to Rogue Waves
PHYSICAL REVIEW X 9, 041057 (2019) Featured in Physics Experimental Evidence of Hydrodynamic Instantons: The Universal Route to Rogue Waves Giovanni Dematteis ,1,2 Tobias Grafke,3 Miguel Onorato ,2,4 and Eric Vanden-Eijnden5 1Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy 2Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy 3Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom 4INFN, Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy 5Courant Institute, New York University, 251 Mercer Street, New York, New York 10012, USA (Received 3 July 2019; revised manuscript received 2 October 2019; published 18 December 2019) A statistical theory of rogue waves is proposed and tested against experimental data collected in a long water tank where random waves with different degrees of nonlinearity are mechanically generated and free to propagate along the flume. Strong evidence is given that the rogue waves observed in the tank are hydrodynamic instantons, that is, saddle point configurations of the action associated with the stochastic model of the wave system. As shown here, these hydrodynamic instantons are complex spatiotemporal wave field configurations which can be defined using the mathematical framework of large deviation theory and calculated via tailored numerical methods. These results indicate that the instantons describe equally well rogue waves created by simple linear superposition (in weakly nonlinear conditions) or by nonlinear focusing (in strongly nonlinear conditions), paving the way for the development of a unified explanation to rogue wave formation. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.9.041057 Subject Areas: Fluid Dynamics, Nonlinear Dynamics, Statistical Physics I. -
Mid-IR Super-Continuum Generation
Invited Paper Mid-IR Super-Continuum Generation Mohammed N. Islam*a,b, Chenan Xiaa, Mike J. Freemanb, Jeremiah Mauriciob, Andy Zakelb, Kevin Kea, Zhao Xua, and Fred L. Terry, Jr.a aDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122 bOmni Sciences, Inc., 647 Spring Valley Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1060 ABSTRACT A Mid-InfraRed FIber Laser (MIRFIL) has been developed that generates super-continuum covering the spectral range from 0.8 to 4.5 microns with a time-averaged power as high as 10.5W. The MIRFIL is an all-fiber integrated laser with no moving parts and no mode-locked lasers that uses commercial off-the-shelf parts and leverages the mature telecom/fiber optics platform. The MIRFIL power can be easily scaled by changing the repetition rate and modifying the erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Some of the applications using the super-continuum laser will be described in defense, homeland security and healthcare. For example, the MIRFIL is being applied to a catheter-based medical diagnostic system to detect vulnerable plaque, which is responsible for most heart attacks resulting from hardening-of-the-arteries or atherosclerosis. More generally, the MIRFIL can be a platform for selective ablation of lipids without damaging normal protein or smooth muscle tissue. Keywords: Fiber Laser, Mid-Infrared, Supercontinuum, Biophotonics, Atherosclerosis, Infrared Countermeasures 1. INTRODUCTION Supercontinuum (SC) generation process, in which the spectrum of a narrow bandwidth laser undergoes a substantial spectral broadening through the interplay of different nonlinear optical interactions, has been widely reported and studied since it was observed in 1969 [1]. -
Optical Rogue Wave in Random Distributed Feedback Fiber Laser Jiangming Xu1,2, Jian Wu1,2, Jun Ye1, Pu Zhou1,2,*, Hanwei Zhang1,2, Jiaxin Song1, & Jinyong Leng1,2
Optical rogue wave in random distributed feedback fiber laser Jiangming Xu1,2, Jian Wu1,2, Jun Ye1, Pu Zhou1,2,*, Hanwei Zhang1,2, Jiaxin Song1, & Jinyong Leng1,2 The famous demonstration of optical rogue wave (RW)-rarely and unexpectedly event with extremely high intensity-had opened a flourishing time for temporal statistic investigation as a powerful tool to reveal the fundamental physics in different laser scenarios. However, up to now, optical RW behavior with temporally localized structure has yet not been presented in random fiber laser (RFL) characterized with mirrorless open cavity, whose feedback arises from distinctive distributed multiple scattering. Here, thanks to the participation of sustained and crucial stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process, experimental explorations of optical RW are done in the highly-skewed transient intensity of an incoherently-pumped standard-telecom-fiber-constructed RFL. Furthermore, threshold-like beating peak behavior can also been resolved in the radiofrequency spectroscopy. Bringing the concept of optical RW to RFL domain without fixed cavity may greatly extend our comprehension of the rich and complex kinetics such as photon propagation and localization in disordered amplifying media with multiple scattering. 1 College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China . 2 Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of High Power Fiber Laser, Changsha 410073, China. J. X. and J. W. contributed equally to this paper. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to P. Z. (email: [email protected]). The concept of random laser employing multiple scattering of photons in an amplifying disordered material to achieve coherent light has attracted increasing attention due to its special features, such as cavity-free, structural simplicity, and promising applications in imaging, medical diagnostics, and other scientific or industrial fields [1-3]. -
Handling Supercontinuum in the Femtosecond Regime by Spectra Generation and by Optimization with Genetic Algorithms
Handling supercontinuum in the femtosecond regime by spectra generation and by optimization with genetic algorithms GRADODoctorado EN QUE en SE Ciencias PRESENTA (Óp LAtica TESIS) Asesor(es): Dr. Ismael Torres Gómez Dr. Miguel Torres Cisneros Estudiante: MI. Francisco Rodrigo Arteaga Sierra Noviembre de 2014 León, Guanajuato, México Handling supercontinuum in the femtosecond regime by spectra generation and by optimization with genetic algorithms M.Eng. Francisco R. Arteaga-Sierra Photonics Division Center for Research in Optics Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Science (Optics) Le´on,Guanajuato, M´exico,November 2014. ii Supervisors Ph.D. Ismael Torres-G´omez,Center for Research in Optics Ph.D. Miguel Torres-Cisneros, University of Guanajuato Day of the defense: Nov 7, 2014. iii Abstract Supercontinuum generation has been the subject of extensive studies in optical fibers and its special spectral shapes are of many interest for a variety of applications. For input pulses in the femtosecond regime, the dynamics of supercontinuum generation generation can be broadly decomposed into two phases: an initial fission into an N soliton dominated by the Kerr effect and second order dispersion; and a subsequent redistribution of spectral energy where the Raman effect and higher dispersion orders also play a role. In this work, these two phases are exploited to numerically handle the spectral output in or- der to adequately apply the supercontinuum generation phenomenon to medical image techniques, specifically, optical coherence tomogra- phy. The First part is focused on the development of methods that use the properties of dispersive waves and the soliton self-frequency shift to obtain simultaneous spectral peaks tuned on specific frequencies, both of them sited on after the initial-fission scenario. -
Optical Rogue Waves in Integrable Turbulence
Optical Rogue Waves in Integrable Turbulence Pierre Suret et Stéphane Randoux Postdoc : F. Gustave PhD : R. El Koussaifi, A. Tikan, P. Walczak (2016) Collaborators : Fast Measurement : S. Bielawski, C. Szwaj, C. Evain (Phlam) Oceanography : M. Onorato (Turin, Italie) Integrable Systems : G. El (Loughbourough, UK) 1. Context 2. Experiments 3. Theoretical approach Optical Rogue Waves in Wave Turbulence Integrable Turbulence ü Waves ubiquitous phenomena in Physics ü Dispersion ü Nonlinearity ü Often, randomness plays a significant role Wave turbulence = nonlinear dispersive random waves hydrodynamics, oceanography, optics, mechanics, plasma physics… Optical Rogue Waves in Nonlinear Statistical OpticsIntegrable Turbulence Statistical Optics (linear) ü XXth century Random / partially coherent light (spatial or temporal fluctuation, coherence / spectrum…) Nonlinear Statistical (fiber) Optics ü 1960s Lasers / nonlinear optics ü 1990s Supercontinuum (ps, cw) : nonlinear + incoherent A.Kudlinski and A. Mussot, Opt. Lett., 33, (2008) J. M. Dudley et al., Opt. Express 17, (2009) ü 2000s Challenge : statistical description of nonlinear random waves A. Picozzi et al., Optical wave turbulence : Toward a unified nonequilibrium thermodynamic formulation of statistical nonlinear optics Physics Reports, (2014) Optical Rogue Waves in “Turbulence” in Optical fibersIntegrable Turbulence Optical fibers : tabletop laboratories of hydrodynamical phenomena ü Turbulence E.G. Turitsyna et al., « The laminar–turbulent transition in a fibre laser », Nat. Photonics,