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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89555-2 - The Emperor Elagabalus: Fact or Fiction? Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado Index More information

Index

Abgarus Alexianus king of Osrohene, 320 cognomen, 215, 216. See also Alexianus; Adonis, Syrian god, 169 Avitus; Julius Adventus Alexianus. See also Alexander Oclatinius Adventus, Marcus, consul with Gessius Alexianus Bassianus, Marcus, 19, 33, Varius, 111, 120, 121, 154, 241, 257, 304, 344, 34, 35, 40, 44, 69, 141, 163, 206, 215, 216, 357 221, 231, 233, 236, 249, 256, 257, 259, 262, Aelius Hadrianus, Publius. See Hadrian 269, 271, 283, 296, 306, 308, 336, 338, 340, Aelius Lampridius. See Lampridius 342, 344, 345, 346, 357 Aelius Spartianus Allath alleged Roman historiographer, 43 Syrian goddess, 141, 142, 252, 346. See also Aemilius Laetus, Quintus. See Laetus Athene; Minerva Aeneas Ammianus legendary or mythological hero, 167 text of Ammianus Marcellinus, Africa 59 continent, 149, 195, 208, 219, 220, Ammianus Marcellinus 277 Roman historiographer, 37 Roman province, 357 Amor Albinus Roman god, 141, 142. See also Eros Clodius Septimius Albinus, Decimus, rival of Anatolia Severus, 220, 275 Asian peninsula, 84, 148, 149, 156, 190, 198, Alcippilla 226, 242, 243, 247 Aurelia Alcippilla Lailiana, dedicatrix of Annia Thyatiran inscription, 184, 189, 190, 194, nomen. See Annia; Faustina 197, 198, 224, 225, 227 Annia Alexander Annia Faustina, third wife of Varius, 62, 63, cognomen, 215, 216, 257, 274, 338, 344. See also 77, 85, 88, 89, 116, 123, 125, 129, 155, 250, Alexander; Julius 257, 275, 345, 357 Alexander. See also Alexianus Annia Galeria Faustina. See Faustina Aurelius Severus Alexander, Marcus, Roman Antinoopolis emperor 222–235, 33, 35, 40, 44, 46, 47, 48, Egyptian city (Sheik Ibada), 127, 352 53, 62, 63, 64, 76, 82, 89, 111, 113, 114, 118, Antioch 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 130, 131, 153, Syrian city (Antakya, Turkey), 18, 30, 60, 154, 155, 156, 182, 215, 216, 248, 257, 258, 64, 67, 84, 148, 156, 175, 177, 178, 180, 259, 261, 262, 263, 264, 271, 273, 274, 275, 190, 199, 200, 201, 203, 217, 224, 225, 226, 278, 279, 338, 346, 357 228, 233, 234, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, Alexandria 243, 244, 247, 300, 302, 304, 344, 345, Egyptian city (Al Iskandariyah), 18, 84, 85, 357 128, 149, 153, 226 Antiochianus Alexandria Bubastos alleged praetorian prefect under Varius, Egyptian district, 127, 352 340

371

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89555-2 - The Emperor Elagabalus: Fact or Fiction? Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado Index More information

372 Index

Antoninus Augustus cognomen, 29, 33, 36, 37, 59, 66, 70, 113, 118, Julius Caesar Octavianus Augustus, Gaius, 119, 124, 274, 300, 306, 322. See also Roman emperor 31 bc–ad 14, 39, 58, 164, Caracalla; Commodus; Diadumenianus; 192, 278, 304 Marcus; Pius; Varius; Uranius Aurelia Alcippilla Lailiana. See Alcippilla Antoninus Magnus, Divus Aurelian posthumous name of Caracalla, 62, 89, 106, Domitius Aurelianus, Lucius, Roman 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 122, 129, 130, 146, 150, emperor 270–275, 279 154, 155, 160. See also Caracalla Aurelius Apamea nomen, 274. See also Alexander; Caracalla; Syrian town (Afamia), 148, 178, 194, 197, 202, Carinus; Carus; Commodus; Diocletian; 229, 230, 258, 296, 302, 326 Eubulus; Marcus; Numerianus; Pius; Aphrodite Varius; Victor; Zoticus Greek goddess, 141, 142. See also Astarte; Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus. See Caracalla; Astroarche; Atargatis; Urania; Venus Marcus; Varius Apicius Aurelius Antoninus Varius Gavius Apicius, Marcus, supposed author Epitome’s name for Varius, 37 of culinary treatise, 53, 324, 326, 328, 346 Aurelius Carinus, Marcus. See Carinus Aquileia Aurelius Carus, Marcus. See Carus Italian city, 122, 141, 144, 149, 249 Aurelius Commodus Antoninus, Marcus. See Aquilia Commodus Julia Aquilia Severa, second wife of Varius, 62, Aurelius Eubulus. See Eubulus 63, 77, 85, 88, 89, 116, 125, 129, 155, 250, 257, Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Antoninus, Titus. See 275, 316, 344, 345, 357 Pius Arabia Aurelius Numerius Numerianus, Marcus. See Roman province, 357 Numerianus Arca Caesarea Aurelius Severus Alexander, Marcus. See Syrian city (Arqa, Lebanon), 221, 296 Alexander Archela¨ıs Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, Gaius. See Anatolian town (Aksaray, Turkey), 242, 243, Diocletian 259, 357 Aurelius Victor, Sextus. See Victor Aristomachus Aurelius Zoticus. See Zoticus alleged tribune of praetorian guard under Avitus Varius, 340 cognomen, 30, 215, 216, 231, 304, 320, 344. See Arsinoites also Avitus; Varius Egyptian district, 127, 352 Avitus Asia Julius Avitus Alexianus, Gaius, 64, 192, 195, continent, 52, 76, 149 197, 199, 200, 201, 205, 209, 211, 215, 216, Roman province, 200, 217, 357 217, 219, 220, 221, 226, 229, 230, 231, 233, Asia Minor, 122 296, 357 Assyrian alleged Schimpfname of Varius, 300, 310 Bacchus Astarte Thracian god, 123. See also Dionysus Syrian goddess; 141, 142. See also Aphrodite; Balbillus Astroarche; Atargatis; Urania; Venus cognomen, 215. See also Balbillus Astroarche, 322 Balbillus Syrian goddess. See Aphrodite; Astarte; Julius Balbillus, Tiberius, priest of Elagabal in Atargatis; Urania; Venus Rome, 147, 150, 157, 168, 181, 197, 206, 211, Atargatis 212, 213, 215, 216, 219, 220, 222, 223, 230, Syrian goddess, 252. See also Aphrodite; 250, 253, 267 Astarte; Astroarche; Urania; Venus Balkans Athene European peninsula, 122, 149, 156 Greek goddess, 141, 142. See also Allath; Basilianus Minerva prefect of Egypt under Macrinus, 129 Augusta Vindelicorum Bassiana German town (Augsburg), 199, 221 cognomen, 39, 117, 209, 216

Index 373

Bassianus Carinus cognomen, 33, 37, 206, 208, 215, 216, 231, 273. Aurelius Carinus, Marcus, Roman emperor See also Alexianus; Bassianus; Caracalla; 283–285, 43 Gessius; Soaemias (Bassiana); Varius Carrhae Bassianus (1) Osrohenian town (Harran, Turkey), 200, 203, (Julius) Bassianus, priest of Elagabal in 357 Emesa, 37, 39, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, Carthage 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 219, 220, 222, 228, African city (Tunis), 257, 322 229, 231, 232, 235, 236, 296 Carus Bassianus (2) Aurelius Carus, Marcus, Roman emperor Septimius Bassianus, Lucius, 37, 39, 202, 205, 282–283, 43 238, 239, 263. See also Caracalla Cassiodorus Bithynia text of Cassiodorus, Roman historiographer, Roman province, 18, 306, 308, 344, 357 59 Britannia Cassius Dio (Cocceianus?) Roman province, 149, 191, 195, 196, 200, 201, Roman senator, Greek historiographer of 202, 217, 219, 221, 232, 253, 261, 269, 357 Rome. See Dio; Dio Chalcedon Caelian Bithynian town (Kadikoy,¨ Turkey), 306 Roman hill, 334 Christianity, 254 Caesar Christians, 1, 8, 29, 45, 46, 53, 312 cognomen. See Augustus; Caesar; Caligula Chronica Urbis Romae Caesar Roman chronicle, 36, 59 Julius Caesar, Gaius, Roman dictator Cicero 48–44 bc, 264, 265 Tullius Cicero, Marcus, Roman statesman Caligula and author, 281 Julius Caesar Germanicus, Gaius, Roman Cilo emperor 37–41, 38, 314, 336, 346 Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Capitoline Lepidus Fulcinianus, Lucius, ally of Roman hill, 76, 334 Severus, 220 Capitolinus Circus Maximus pseudonymous text of alleged Roman archaeological site, 328, 330, 332, 342 historiographer, Julius Capitolinus, 59 Circus Varianus Capitolinus. See also Historia Augusta archaeological site, 147, 152, 192 Julius Capitolinus, alleged Roman Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, Nero. See historiographer, 43 Nero Cappadocia Claudius Pollio Roman province, 243, 357 alleged centurion under Varius, 304 Caracalla Claudius Severus Septimius Bassianus, Lucius (as privatus), alleged ancestor of Paula, 316 Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus, Roman emperor Clodius Septimius Albinus, Decimus. See 211–217, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31, 37, 38, 39, 41, 50, Albinus 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 83, 89, 106, 113, 119, Cocceius Nerva, Marcus. See Nerva 128, 129, 130, 132, 147, 156, 157, 158, 160, 168, Comazon 177, 178, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, Valerius Comazon, Publius, consul with 190, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, Varius, 111, 120, 121, 122, 125, 155, 236, 240, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 241, 244, 249, 257, 258, 304, 306, 322, 342, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 344, 357 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, Commodus 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, Aurelius Commodus Antoninus, Marcus, 244, 255, 257, 259, 261, 262, 263, 266, 268, Roman emperor 180–192, 66, 106, 216, 219, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, 277, 278, 296, 262, 263, 266, 273, 274, 316, 346 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 314, 336, 338, 344, Constantine 345, 346, 357 Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus, Caria Roman emperor 306–337, 29, 43, 53, Roman province, 318 279

374 Index

Constantine Porphyrogenitus. See Domna Porphyrogenitus JuliaDomna,wifeofSeverus,30, 62, 63, 89, Cordius 120, 154, 192, 195, 199, 208, 209, 210, 211, alleged charioteer, associate of Varius, 322, 217, 219, 220, 221, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 340 230, 233, 234, 235, 236, 255, 261, 275, 296 Cornelia (Julia Cornelia Paula). See Paula Drava Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, Roman river, 123 republican statesman. See Scipio Cybele Eaecus Phrygian goddess, 37, 38, 40, 85, 167, 169, 182, Hispanic god, 123, 279 279, 312, 346 Eboracum Cyprus British city (York), 221 Roman province, 199, 200, 201, 217, Edessa 357 Syrian town (Sanliurfa, Turkey), 200, 217, 226 Dalmatia Egypt Roman province, 199, 200, 217, 357 Roman province, 18, 39, 85, 125, 127, 128, 129, Danube 130, 155, 220, 279, 332, 357 river, 123 Elagabal Demeter Deus Sol Elagabalus, sun god of Emesa, Syria, Roman goddess, 123 4, 6, 18, 34, 37, 38, 41, 45, 55, 59, 77, 80, 82, Diadumenianus 83, 84, 85, 88, 89, 109, 112, 122, 123, 124, 131, Opellius (Antoninus) Diadumenianus, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153, Marcus, 44, 156, 302, 304, 306, 344 154, 156, 157, 158, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, Didius 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, Didius (Severus) Julianus, Marcus, Roman 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 197, 199, 202, 203, emperor March–June 293, 263, 273 204, 205, 206, 207, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, Dido 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 223, 226, 227, 229, Legendary Carthaginian Queen, 322 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 240, 241, 243, 245, Dio 246, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 257, text of Dio, 8, 15, 19, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 259, 260, 261, 266, 273, 277, 278, 283, 296, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 52, 53, 298, 306, 308, 310, 312, 316, 322, 324, 330, 54, 55, 58, 59, 147, 160, 163, 166, 168, 169, 336, 338, 342, 344, 345, 346, 357 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, Elagabalus 181, 184, 189, 192, 194, 197, 199, 200, 202, misnomer for Varius, one of names of Varian 216, 225, 226, 227, 231, 234, 235, 236, 237, avatar, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 25, 26, 27, 39, 42, 55, 58, 241, 242, 243, 244, 248, 251, 252, 255, 256, 129, 166, 260, 282, 283, 284 259, 262, 264, 268, 270, 271 Elaiagabal. See also Elagabal Dio alternative form of name of Elagabal, 4, 6, 33 Cassius Dio (Cocceianus?), Roman Eliogaballus historiographer, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, misnomer for Varius, 37 35, 48, 52, 54, 71, 84, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, Emesa 172, 173, 174, 189, 210, 251, 254, 258, 262, Syrian city (Hims), 18, 33, 34, 35, 48, 83, 84, 272, 302, 304, 310, 345 89, 122, 131, 141, 148, 150, 151, 177, 178, 179, Diocletian 180, 181, 182, 183, 190, 197, 198, 199, 201, Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, Gaius, Roman 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 216, 217, 219, emperor 284–305, 43, 279 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, Dionysus 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 247, Greek god, 131, 132, 167, 169, 298, 332. See also 251, 252, 253, 255, 259, 278, 296, 298, 300, Bacchus 338, 344, 345, 357 Domitius Epitome nomen. See Aurelian; Nero; Ulpian Epitome de Caesaribus, anonymous Roman Domitius Ahenobarbus, Lucius. See Nero historiographical text, 8, 27, 28, 29, 36, 37, Domitius Aurelianus, Lucius. See Aurelian 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 55, 59, 180, 192, 202, Domitius Ulpianus. See Ulpian 204, 205, 208, 212, 213, 216, 241

Index 375

Epona Galatia Gallic goddess, 279 Roman province, 357 Eros Gannys Greek god, 141, 142. See also Amor alleged tutor of Varius, 231, 236, 239, 240, 246, Ethiopia 247, 248, 249, 256, 259, 296, 300, 302, 304, African kingdom, 336 306, 308, 357 Eubulus Gavius Apicius, Marcus. See Apicius Aurelius Eubulus, alleged procurator under Gephyra Varius, 342 alleged site of battle between Varius and Eutropius Macrinus (Demikopr¨ u,¨ Turky), 357 text of Eutropius, Roman historiographer, Germania 59 Roman province, 200, 217, 269, 279, Eutropius 357 Roman historiographer, 37 Germania Superior Eutychianus Roman province, 357 alleged associate of Maesa, 48, 225, 227, 236, Gessius 239, 298, 300 nomen, 215, 216, 346. See Alexianus; Gessius; Marcianus Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Gessius Lepidus Fulcinianus, Lucius. See Cilo Julius Gessius Bassianus, Marcus, 197, 215, Fabius Gurges 216 alleged sumptuary model for Varius, 330 Gessius Alexianus Bassianus, Marcus. See Fasti Consulares Alexianus records of consuls, 59, 110, 345 Gessius Marcianus. See Marcianus Faustina Geta Annia Galeria Faustina, a.k.a. Faustina Minor, Septimius Geta, Lucius (as privatus), Publius wife of Marcus, 149, 306 (as co-emperor), Roman co-emperor 211, Feriale Duranum 177, 184, 193, 195, 196, 198, 220, 221, 231, Latin papyrus, 346 233, 259, 261, 266, 273, 275, 357 Festus Gordius alleged ally of Varius, 300 alleged charioteer, associate of Varius, 318 Flavius Gratus nomen. See Flavius Julianus; Justinian; Vettius Gratus Sabinianus, Gaius, consul Constantine; Seleucus; Flavius Vopiscus under Varius, 111, 121, 125, 155, 257, 357 Flavius Julianus Great Mother, 332. See also Cybele praetorian prefect under Varius, 120 Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus. See Hadrian Justinian Aelius Hadrianus, Publius, Roman emperor Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus. See 117–138, 43, 185, 266 Constantine Heliogabalus Flavius Vitellius Seleucus, Marcus. See Seleucus misnomer for Varius, one of names of Varian Flavius Vopiscus avatar, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 25, 26, 27, 29, 36, 37, 39, alleged Roman historiographer, 43 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 55, 58, 202, 203, 204, 216, Flora 260, 282, 283, 284, 296, 318 Roman goddess, 320 Heliogabalus Fortuna Syrian sun god, 37, 204 Roman goddess, 123, 246. See also Tyche Helix Forum alleged athlete under Varius, 336 Roman, 141 Helvius Pertinax, Publius. See Pertinax Fulvius Herakleopolis alleged urban prefect under Varius, 342 Egyptian city (Ihnasya el-Medina), 352 Fulvius Plautianus, Gaius. See Plautianus Herakleopolites Egyptian district, 127, 352 Gaia Hercules Greek goddess, 141, 142. See also Tellus Graeco-Roman god, 123, 274

376 Index

Hermopolis Julia Egyptian town (Ashmunein), 352 nomen. See Aquilia; Domna; Maesa; Hermopolites Mamaea; Paula; Soaemias Egyptian district, 127, 352 Julia Aquilia Severa. See Aquilia Herodian Julia Cornelia Paula. See Paula text of Herodian, 8, 16, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, Julia Domna. See Domna 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59, Julia Maesa. See Maesa 83, 147, 163, 167, 169, 171, 178, 179, 180, 182, Julia Mamaea. See Mamaea 184, 192, 197, 198, 199, 215, 216, 217, 219, Julia Soaemias Bassiana. See Soaemias 220, 221, 225, 226, 231, 233, 234, 235, 237, Julianus 242, 243, 245, 247, 248, 251, 252, 254, 255, praetorian prefect under Macrinus, 300, 256, 259, 262, 267, 268 302 Herodian Julius Roman historiographer, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, nomen, 192. See Augustus; Avitus; Balbillus; 38, 52, 83, 131, 168, 210, 346 Bassianus; Caesar; Caligula; Capitolinus; Herodotus Gessius; Julius; Maximinus; Philip; Greek historiographer, 281, 286 Tiberius; Uranius Hierapolis-Castabala Julius Cilician city (Kastal, Turkey), 243 Julius Alexander of Emesa, 216 Hierocles Julius Alexander of Emesa. See Julius alleged lover of Varius, 49, 51, 318, 320, 340, Julius Aurelius Sulpicius Severus Uranius 342 Antoninus, Lucius. See Uranius Hispania Julius Avitus Alexianus, Gaius. See Avitus Roman province, 123 Julius Balbillus, Tiberius. See Balbillus Historia Augusta Julius Bassianus. See Bassianus Roman historiographical text, 8, 15, 16, 27, 28, Julius Caesar, Gaius. See Caesar 29, 32, 36, 37, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 52, 53, Julius Caesar Germanicus, Gaius. See Caligula 54, 55, 82, 141, 147, 163, 171, 172, 176, 192, Julius Caesar Octavianus, Gaius. See Augustus 210, 216, 251, 254, 263, 267, 270 Julius Caesar, Tiberius. See Tiberius Horti Variani Julius Capitolinus. See Capitolinus Roman archaeological site, 146, 147, 192, Julius Gessius Bassianus, Marcus. See Gessius 196 Julius Philippus, Marcus. See Philip Hydatius Julius Verus Maximinus, Gaius. See Maximinus text of Hydatius, Roman chronicler, 59 Juno Roman goddess, 76, 85, 123, 279 Idyll of Elagabal Jupiter anaglyptic scene, 145 Roman god, 85, 123, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, Ignotus 172, 173, 174, 175, 181, 279, 310, 346 lost Roman historiographical text, 28, 43, 58 Justinian Isis Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus, Roman Egyptian goddess, 167, 169, 277, 336 emperor 527–576, 280 Istria Balkan district, 122, 249, 357 Kaisergeschichte Italy lost Roman historiographical text, 28, 36, Roman administrative circumscription, 122, 43 149, 191, 198, 203, 225, 230, 249, 255, 261, 263, 277, 310, 312, 324, 344, 357 Laetus Aemilius Laetus, Quintus, praetorian prefect Jerome under Commodus, Pertinax, Didius, 263 text of Jerome (Hieronymus), Roman Lamasba historiographer, 59 Numidian town (Merouana, Algeria), 279 Jews Lampridius ethnic group, 312, 332 pseudonymous text of alleged Roman Judaism historiographer, Aelius Lampridius, 59, 314, Semitic religion, 251, 254 346

Index 377

Lampridius. See also Historia Augusta 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 296, Aelius Lampridius, alleged Roman 336, 344, 346, 357 historiographer, 43, 44 Marcianus Latium Gessius Marcianus, 221, 262, 296, 300 region of Italy surrounding Rome, 183, 191, Marcus 197 Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus, Roman emperor Leo 161–180, 63, 128, 149, 164, 185, 250, 254, 262, alleged city prefect under Varius, 322 266, 273, 278, 304, 316 Lepcis Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Libyan city (Al Khums), 208, 220 Roman imperial nomenclature shared by Liber Generationis Marcus; Caracalla; Varius, 4, 7, 37, 58, 61, Roman historiographical text, 59 63, 89, 106, 109, 118, 125, 126, 130, 146, 150, Londinium 154, 184, 216, 239, 263, 273, 300, 345 British city (London), 221 Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus, Lucius. Lugdunum See Maximus Gallic city (Lyons), 205, 220 Mars Lusitania Roman god, 85, 168, 175, 277 Roman province, 279, 357 Mauretania Caesariensis Lydia Roman province, 357 Roman province, 183, 190, 357 Mauretania Tingitana Roman province, 357 Macrinus Maximinus Opellius (Severus) Macrinus, Roman emperor Julius Verus Maximinus, Gaius, Roman 217–218, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 40, 44, 45, 47, 62, emperor 235–238, 120, 264 110, 120, 121, 129, 130, 156, 163, 177, 178, Maximus 179, 190, 203, 204, 225, 227, 228, 233, 234, lost text of Maximus, 28, 29, 36, 42, 43, 44, 235, 236, 241, 242, 244, 245, 264, 266, 273, 45 296, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 336, 344, Maximus 346, 357 Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus, Maesa Lucius, Roman senator and Julia Maesa, maternal grandmother of Varius, historiographer, 28, 29, 184, 304, 33, 35, 41, 48, 49, 54, 62, 63, 64, 88, 89, 116, 318 117, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125, 153, 154, 155, 158, Media 179, 192, 193, 197, 199, 205, 208, 209, 210, ancient Asian kingdom, 308 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 224, 225, 226, 227, Mesopotamia 228, 229, 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, Roman province, 200, 217, 226, 357 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, Minerva 249, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 262, 267, 275, Roman goddess, 141, 142, 168. See Allath; 295, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 312, Athene 320, 322, 324, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342, 344, Mirissimus 346 alleged associate of Varius, 340 Malalas Mithra text of Malalas, Byzantine historiographer, Persian god, 123, 167, 169 59 Moesia Mamaea Roman province, 258, 310, 344, 357 Julia Mamaea, mother of Moesia Inferior Alexianus/Alexander, 33, 35, 41, 54, 63, 119, Roman province, 357 120, 156, 216, 220, 221, 231, 233, 248, 249, Monimos 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 262, 275, 296, 338, Syrian god, 252 340, 342 Marcellus Nero Varius Marcellus, Sextus, husband of Domitius Ahenobarbus, Lucius (as privatus), Soaemias, 40, 147, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus Nero 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 209, 210, 211, (as emperor), Roman emperor 54–68, 266, 216, 217, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 314, 334, 336, 346

378 Index

Nerva Pannonia Inferior Cocceius Nerva, Marcus, Roman emperor Roman province, 357 96–98, 113, 264, 266 Papacy, 214 Nicomedia Paris capital city of Bithynia (Izmit, Turkey), 18, 30, legendary or mythical Trojan prince, 318 31, 33, 65, 67, 83, 84, 148, 149, 172, 180, 199, Parthia 201, 217, 226, 240, 241, 242, 244, 246, 247, kingdom of Persia in Varius’ time, 226, 269, 256, 306, 308, 344, 357 273 Niger Paula Pescennius Niger, Gaius, rival of Severus, 220, Julia Cornelia Paula, ﬁrst wife of Varius, 62, 275 63, 77, 85, 88, 89, 116, 125, 155, 250, 257, 275, Nike 314, 344, 357 Greek goddess, 141, 142 Pergamon Noricum Asian city (Bergama, Turkey), 31, 302, 310 Roman province, 357 Pertinax Numerianus Helvius Pertinax, Publius, Roman emperor Aurelius Numerius Numerianus, Roman Jan–Mar 193, 220, 263, 264, 273, 274 emperor 283–284, 43 Pescennius Niger, Gaius. See Niger Numidia Pessinus Roman province, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 201, Phrygian shrine of Cybele (Ballihisar, 203, 217, 219, 224, 225, 232, 253, 261, 279, Turk e y ) , 167 357 Petrus Patricius Roman historiographer, 242 Oclatinius Adventus, Marcus. See Adventus Phaedrus Octavius, Gaius. See Augustus dialogue by Plato, 272 Opellius (Antoninus) Diadumenianus. See Philip Diadumenianus Julius Philippus, Marcus, Roman emperor Opellius (Severus) Macrinus. See Macrinus 244–249, 336 Orbiana Phoenicia Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana, wife Syria Phoenice, Roman province, 37, 39, 204, of Alexander, 248, 275 206, 207, 208, 211, 219, 221, 251, 296, 302, Orcus 308, 312, 322, 324 Roman god, 310 Pius Orosius Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Antoninus, Titus, text of Orosius, Roman historiographer, 59 Roman emperor 138–161, 66, 67, 83, 106, Otho 183, 185, 266, 278, 345 Salvius Otho, Marcus, Roman emperor Plautianus Jan–Apr 69, 324 Fulvius Plautianus, Gaius, praetorian prefect Oxyrhynchites under Severus, 195, 199, 219, 221, Egyptian district, 127, 352 270 Oxyrhynchus Plautilla Egyptian town (El-Bahnasa), 129, 352 Fulvia Plautilla, daughter of Plautianus, wife of Caracalla, 156, 221, 275 Palatine Plinius Caecilius Secundus, Gaius. See Pliny Roman hill, 82, 146, 147, 150, 167, 310, Pliny 334 Plinius Caecilius Secundus, Gaius, Roman Palestine statesman and author, 281 Syria Palestina, Roman province, 84, 149, Pomponius Bassus 220 senator, alleged victim of Varius, 316 Palladium Porphyrogenitus efﬁgy of Pallas, 167, 277 Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Byzantine Pallas emperor 913–959, 59 Trojan goddess, 167, 322 Prosper Pannonia text of Prosper Tiro, Roman historiographer, Roman province, 220, 279, 310, 357 59

Index 379

Protogenes Sebennytes Inferior alleged charioteer, associate of Varius, 322 Egyptian district (Samannud), 127, 128, 352 Pseudo-Alexander Secular Games omen, 338 of AD 204, 116, 192, 193, 195, 196, 209, 221 Quirinal Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana. See Roman hill, 314 Orbiana Seius Carus Raphaneae alleged victim of Varius, 314 supposed Syrian site of legionary fortress Seleucus (Nisaf), 148, 226, 237, 238, 357 Flavius Vitellius Seleucus, Marcus, consul Rome, 1, 2, 5, 11, 17, 18, 21, 22, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, under Varius, 111, 121, 125, 155, 257, 357 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 52, 54, 58, Semeia 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 71, 73, 76, 77, Syrian goddess, 252 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 88, 89, 110, 111, 112, Senate 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 128, 129, 134, 135, 136, meeting hall of senate, 308, 340 139, 141, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 154, Septimius 155, 156, 157, 158, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, nomen. See Caracalla; Geta; Severus 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, Septimius Bassianus, Lucius. See Caracalla 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, Septimius Geta, Lucius. See Geta 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 206, Septimius Severus, Lucius. See Severus 209, 211, 212, 214, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, Serapis 222, 223, 224, 227, 228, 230, 232, 235, 238, Egyptian god, 158, 169 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, Severus 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 258, 260, cognomen, 274, See Alexander; Aquilia 261, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 273, 275, 277, (Severa); Severus 278, 279, 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, 295, 297, Severus 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 305, 306, 308, Septimius Severus, Lucius, Roman emperor 310, 312, 313, 314, 317, 319, 320, 323, 324, 325, 193–211, 31, 44, 63, 82, 109, 113, 114, 116, 117, 326, 328, 330, 332, 333, 335, 336, 337, 338, 118, 130, 146, 147, 150, 157, 158, 168, 192, 193, 339, 340, 342, 344, 345, 346, 352, 357 195, 196, 199, 205, 206, 208, 211, 212, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 235, 237, 255, 262, 263, Sabinus 266, 268, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, 277, alleged dedicatee of Ulpian’s books, 340 296, 357 Sacerdos Sextus Tineius Sacerdos, Quinetus, consul with praenomen, 231 Varius, 111, 120, 121, 122, 125, 154, 257, 357 Silvinus Salambo rhetorican allegedly killed by Varius, 338, Carthaginian goddess, 312 340 Salamis Singidunum battle of, 280, 281, 282 Moesian town (Belgrade, Serbia), 200, 217, Salona 221 Dalmatian city (Solin, Croatia), 199 Smyrna Salvius Otho, Marcus. See Otho Asian city (Izmir, Turkey), 31, 302, 320 Samaritans, 312 Soaemias Sardanapalus Julia Soaemias Bassiana, mother of Varius, 37, alleged Schimpfname of Varius, 300 39, 41, 48, 62, 63, 88, 89, 116, 117, 118, 119, Schimpfnamen 120, 123, 147, 154, 156, 179, 189, 191, 192, 193, Varius’ alleged. See Assyrian; Impurus; 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 201, 202, 204, Pseudantoninus; Sardanapalus; Tiberinus; 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213, 216, 217, Tractitatus 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228, Scipio 229, 230, 231, 233, 235, 236, 237, 238, 241, Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, Roman 244, 248, 249, 259, 261, 267, 275, 296, 298, republican statesman alleged sumptuary 300, 302, 308, 312, 314, 322, 338, 340, 342, model for Varius, 330 344, 346, 357

380 Index

Sodales Antoniniani Transtiberim college of priests, 357 Roman suburb, 147, 150, 152, 157, 168, 197, Sol 220 Roman sun god, 71, 85, 123, 175 Tr a s t e ve re . See Transtiberim Sol Elagabalus. See Elagabal Trebellius Pollio Spes Vetus alleged Roman historiographer, 43 Roman archaeological site, 338, 340 Troy SPQR archaic Anatolian city (Hisarlik, Turkey), 167, Senatus Populusque Romanus: the senate and 281 people of Rome, 306, 308 Tullius Cicero, Marcus. See Cicero Studia Variana, 4, 5, 7, 81, 281 Tyche Sulla Greek goddess, 123. See also Fortuna alleged victim of Varius, 308 Sybaris Ulpian Greek colony in Italy (Sibari), 334 Domitius Ulpianus, Roman jurist, 340 Syria Ulpius Traianus, Marcus. See Trajan Roman province, 4, 6, 18, 30, 39, 41, 83, 84, Urania 87, 89, 122, 125, 130, 141, 143, 147, 148, 150, Libyan goddess, 322, 324. See also Aphrodite; 152, 154, 156, 157, 158, 163, 165, 168, 169, 172, Astarte; Astroarche; Atargatis; Venus 175, 177, 178, 179, 190, 192, 195, 197, 198, Uranius 199, 200, 203, 217, 219, 220, 227, 228, 230, Julius Aurelius Sulpicius Severus Uranius 232, 253, 261, 278, 296, 302, 304, 306, 310, Antoninus, Lucius, Emesene pretender to 312, 336, 344, 357 Roman principate, 84, 150, 345

Tarraconensis Valerianus Paetus Roman province, 114, 357 alleged victim of Varius, 314 Tellus Valerius Comazon, Publius. See Comazon Roman goddess, 141, 142, 277. See also Gaia Valerius Messala Thrasea Priscus, Lucius. See Thebes Thrasia (Thrasea) Egyptian city (Qina), 127, 128, 330, 352 Varius Thrace (Thracia) nomen, 4, 7, 29, 37, 44, 58, 124, 194, 215, 216, Roman province, 310, 344 296, 346. See also Marcellus; Varius Thrasia (Thrasea) Varius Valerius Messala Thrasea Priscus, Lucius, Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus, Roman emperor curator of the waters under Severus, 193 218–222, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, Thyatira 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, Asian city (Akhisar, Turkey), 122, 183, 184, 185, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 197, 198, 199, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 201, 203, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 357 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, Tiber 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, river, 40, 334, 342 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, Tiberinus 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, alleged Varian Schimpfname, 40, 300 132, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, Tiberius 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, Claudius Nero (as privatus), Julius Caesar (as 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, emperor), Tiberius, Roman emperor 14–37, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 336 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, Tineius Sacerdos, Quintus. See Sacerdos 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, Tiridates 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, king of Armenia, 320 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 221, Tractatitius 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, alleged Varian Schimpfname, 40 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, Trajan 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, Ulpius Traianus, Marcus, Roman emperor 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 98–117, 185, 266 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266,

Index 381

267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, Victor 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 283, 284, 285, Aurelius Victor, Sextus, Roman 286, 288, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, historiographer, 27, 38 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, Victoria 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342, 344, Roman goddess, 83, 85, 141, 142, 277 345, 346, 357 Viminacium Varius Avitus Bassianus, Sextus capital city of Moesia Superior (Kostolac, probable full nomenclature of Varius as Respublica Serbrea), 220 privatus, 231. See Varius Vitellius Varius Marcellus, Sextus. See Marcellus nomen/cognomen. See Vitellius; Seleucus (as Vatican cognomen) Roman hill, 267, 328 Vitellius Velitrae Vitellius, Aulus, Roman emperor 69, 314, 324, Latin town (Velletri, Italy), 183, 191, 192, 193, 328, 346 196, 197, 198, 199, 203, 209, 221, 223, 224, Vitellius, Aulus. See Vitellius 225, 230, 232, 235, 357 Vulcacius Gallicanus Venus alleged Roman historiographer, 43 Roman goddess, 85, 141, 142, 168, 270, 318. See also Aphrodite; Astarte; Astroarche; Wilde, Oscar Atargatis; Urania quip, 34 Venus Caelestis Carthaginian goddess, 357 Xiphilinus Vespasian Byzantine epitomiser of Dio, 59 Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus, Titus, Roman emperor 69–79, 266 Zeugma Vesta Commagenian city (Belkis, Turkey), 306 Roman goddess, 316 Zonaras Vestals Byzantine epitomiser of Roman Roman order of priestesses, 40, 130, 147, 157, historiography, 59 167, 168, 181, 220, 250, 251, 270, 310, 314, Zosimus 316 text of Zosimus, Byzantine historiographer, Vettius Gratus Sabinianus, Gaius. See Gratus 59 Victor Zoticus text of Victor, 8, 27, 28, 29, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, Aurelius Zoticus, alleged (would be) lover of 41, 42, 43, 55, 59, 180, 202, 225 Varius, 320, 322