DOCSLIB.ORG

Hydrology, Channel Morphology, and Holocene

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hydrology, Channel Morphology, and Holocene HYDROLOGY, CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY, AND HOLOCENE SEDIMENTATION RECORD OF THE CENTRAL PASSAIC RIVER BASIN, NJ by RACHEL MACKENZIE FILO A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science Graduate Program in Geological Sciences Written under the direction of Dr. Gail M. Ashley And approved by New Brunswick, New Jersey October 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Hydrology, Channel Morphology, and Holocene Sedimentation Record of the Central Passaic River Basin, NJ By RACHEL MACKENZIE FILO Thesis Director: Dr. Gail M. Ashley The Passaic River Basin, which spans 935 mi² over northern New Jersey and parts of New York, is defined by both its glacial and post-glacial history. The retreating ice sheet (~22-18 ka) created Glacial Lake Passaic, impounded behind the Watchung Mountains until a new outlet was opened at Little Falls. Glacial rerouted the Passaic River to a northeastward course, with wetlands developing on the glacial lake sediments. One such wetland, the Great Piece Meadows, covers 2,343 acres of undeveloped floodplain within the Central Basin. Three oxbows within these wetlands, named Oxbow2, RC, and TZS, were cored to determine the flooding and geomorphological history of the central Passaic’s floodplain. Radiocarbon dates and grain size data suggests that oxbow TZS was cut off from the main channel around 9-9.5 ka B.P., and that the ii Oxbow2 and RC were cut off around 3.6 B.P. These dates fall within a transition from a dry to a wet period during the Holocene, which may have been a cause for the avulsions. Using mercury soil concentrations, deposition from the past ~180 years were determined to be within the upper 5-17 cm of the cores. The Passaic’s central and lower basin have long been plagued by flooding problems, with the worst flood on record occurring in 1903. Analysis of peak discharge at gages along the Passaic and its tributaries for 27 major floods confirms observed flashy discharge of the tributaries and the backup of floodwaters from Little Falls to the central basin during flooding. While the Passaic Basin’s morphology makes it prone to flooding, there are anthropogenic factors as well. While peak discharges for major floods in the Passaic have decreased since the turn of the century, major flood frequency is increasing. Reservoirs are shown to significantly decrease annual runoff and flood discharge along rivers directly downstream from them, but while they can reduce the intensity of flooding, they do not prevent major floods. Annual average runoff ratio values have increase for most areas of the Passaic Basin’s streams as well, despite the construction of reservoirs and diversions for water supply. This implies that an increase in urban and suburban development is a factor in the river’s increasing flooding problems. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Gail Ashley, Scott Stanford, Ying Fan Reinfelder, the staff and students of Rutgers Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, and the New Jersey Geological and Water Survey. I would also like to thank Chris Johnson, Kevin Garrett, Ted Pallis, Zachary Schagrin, Don Monteverde, and Jerry Delaney for their great help with fieldwork, as well as Mark Rapp from the NJ Natural Lands Trust. Thank you to Jim Browning and Gabe Gallegos for use of the core repository and help with the photo setup. I would also like to thank Marc Anderson, Robert Newton, and Smith College for the use of their lab and the Hydra C, Ben Horton for the use of his lab, and John Dooley for his help with the lab at NJGWS. Thank you to Amy Bottge for doing sieve grain size analysis and Isabel Hong and Tina Dura for their help with the Malvern. I would also like to thank Nicole Malerba for her assistance with making figures in Illustrator, and Ally Petriman, Michelle Kuhn, and Alex Carone for their help and support. I would like to thank my family for their support and assistance, with special thanks to Lindsey Filo for help with the figures in Illustrator. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... iv Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 o Objectives ............................................................................................................ 5 o Hypothesis ............................................................................................................ 5 Geology .................................................................................................................. 6 o Bedrock Geology ............................................................................................... 6 o Surficial Geology .............................................................................................. 9 Glacial History ............................................................................................................ 13 o Glaciation and Glacial Lakes ......................................................................... 13 o Post Glacial Lakes ........................................................................................... 18 Geomorphology ........................................................................................................... 20 o The Passaic River and Tributaries ................................................................ 20 o River Gradients ............................................................................................... 25 Climate ............................................................................................................................ 28 o Holocene Climate ............................................................................................. 28 o Modern Climate ................................................................................................. 30 . Droughts ................................................................................................ 31 Human Settlement and Flooding Problems ........................................................... 31 o Effects of Urbanization on Watersheds .......................................................... 33 o Settlement and Land Use in the Passaic River Basin ................................... 34 . History ................................................................................................... 34 . Development and Population.............................................................. 37 Study Site Description ................................................................................................. 41 o The Great Piece Meadows ............................................................................... 40 o Oxbows ............................................................................................................... 44 Methods .......................................................................................................................... 47 o Field .................................................................................................................... 47 . Coring .................................................................................................... 47 Core Oxbow2 ........................................................................... 49 Core RC2 .................................................................................. 49 Core TZS2 ................................................................................ 51 o Laboratory .......................................................................................................... 53 . Grain Size .............................................................................................. 53 Wet Sieve and Pipette Analysis ............................................ 53 Malvern Sample Preparation ................................................. 53 . Radiocarbon Dating ............................................................................. 56 . Mercury ................................................................................................. 57 Sample Preparation ................................................................. 58 Analysis ................................................................................... 59 o Hydrology .......................................................................................................... 60 . Flood Hydrographs .............................................................................. 60 v Results ............................................................................................................................. 64 o Chronology......................................................................................................... 64 . Radiocarbon Dating ............................................................................. 64 . Mercury Concentrations ...................................................................... 67 o Core TZS2 ......................................................................................................... 68 . Stratigraphy ........................................................................................... 68 . Grain Size .............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Passaic Falls
    THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE PASSAIC FALLS Paterson New Jersey Bv WILLIAM NELSON PATERSON, N. J. : THE PRESS PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1892. COPYRIGHT x892 Bv WILLIAM NELSON The Passaic Falls are the most remarkable bit of natural scenery in New Jersey. In some respects they are unique. For more than two centuries they have been visited by travelers from all parts of the world. Their peculiar formation, and the strange rocks in the neighborhood, have excited the wonder and curiosity of all beholders, and have of ten suggested the thought, "How was this cataract formed? Why these peculiar 1·ocks and mountains?" In preparing a History of the City of Paterson-a city which was located at the Great Falls to take advantage of the water-power-the writer's attention was naturally di­ rected to the question which has arisen in the minds of all who have stood at the spot where the Passaic river takes its mad plunge over the precipice. In the following pages he has attempted an answer, by giving some account of the Geological History of the Passaic Falls. This paper is the first Chapter of the more extended History of Paterson mentioned. Only one hundred copies have been printed separately in this form. The writer will be pleased to receive suggestions and corrections from any who may receive a copy of this pamphlet. The references and notes have been made full, as a guide to those unfamiliar with the subject, who may wish to pursue it further. PATERSON, N. J., November 24, 1892.
    [Show full text]
  • Missouri River Floodplain from River Mile (RM) 670 South of Decatur, Nebraska to RM 0 at St
    Hydrogeomorphic Evaluation of Ecosystem Restoration Options For The Missouri River Floodplain From River Mile (RM) 670 South of Decatur, Nebraska to RM 0 at St. Louis, Missouri Prepared For: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Minneapolis, Minnesota Greenbrier Wetland Services Report 15-02 Mickey E. Heitmeyer Joseph L. Bartletti Josh D. Eash December 2015 HYDROGEOMORPHIC EVALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION OPTIONS FOR THE MISSOURI RIVER FLOODPLAIN FROM RIVER MILE (RM) 670 SOUTH OF DECATUR, NEBRASKA TO RM 0 AT ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Prepared For: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Refuges and Wildlife Minneapolis, Minnesota By: Mickey E. Heitmeyer Greenbrier Wetland Services Advance, MO 63730 Joseph L. Bartletti Prairie Engineers of Illinois, P.C. Springfield, IL 62703 And Josh D. Eash U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 3 Water Resources Branch Bloomington, MN 55437 Greenbrier Wetland Services Report No. 15-02 December 2015 Mickey E. Heitmeyer, PhD Greenbrier Wetland Services Route 2, Box 2735 Advance, MO 63730 www.GreenbrierWetland.com Publication No. 15-02 Suggested citation: Heitmeyer, M. E., J. L. Bartletti, and J. D. Eash. 2015. Hydrogeomorphic evaluation of ecosystem restoration options for the Missouri River Flood- plain from River Mile (RM) 670 south of Decatur, Nebraska to RM 0 at St. Louis, Missouri. Prepared for U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3, Min- neapolis, MN. Greenbrier Wetland Services Report 15-02, Blue Heron Conservation Design and Print- ing LLC, Bloomfield, MO. Photo credits: USACE; http://statehistoricalsocietyofmissouri.org/; Karen Kyle; USFWS http://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/; Cary Aloia This publication printed on recycled paper by ii Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5 Groundwater Quality and Hydrodynamics of an Acid Sulfate Soil Backswamp
    Chapter 5 Groundwater Quality and Hydrodynamics of an Acid Sulfate Soil Backswamp 5.1 Introduction Intensive drainage of coastal floodplains has been the main factor contributing to the oxidation of acid sulfate soils (ASS) (Indraratna, Blunden & Nethery 1999; Sammut, White & Melville 1996). Drainage of backswamps removes surface water, thereby increasing the effect of evapotranspiration on watertable drawdown (Blunden & Indraratna 2000) and transportation of acidic salts to the soil surface through capillary action (Lin, Melville & Hafer 1995; Rosicky et al. 2006). During high rainfall events the oxidation products (i.e. metals and acid) are mobilised into the groundwater, and acid salts at the sediment surface are dissolved directly into the surface water (Green et al. 2006). The high efficiency of drains readily transports the acidic groundwater and surface water into the estuary and can have a detrimental impact on downstream habitats (Cook et al. 2000). The quality of water discharged from a degraded ASS wetland is controlled by the water balance, which over a given time period is: P + I + Li = E + Lo + D + S (Equation 5.1) where P is precipitation, I is irrigation, Li is the lateral inflow of water, E is evapotranspiration, Lo is surface and subsurface lateral outflow of water, D is the drainage to the watertable and S is the change in soil moisture storage above the watertable (Indraratna, Tularam & Blunden 2001; Sammut, White & Melville 1996; White et al. 1997). While this equation may give a general overview of sulfidic floodplain hydrology, an understanding of site-specific details is required for effective remediation and management of degraded ASS wetlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Passaic River Navigation Update Outline
    LOWER PASSAIC RIVER COMMERCIAL NAVIGATION ANALYSIS United States Army Corps of Engineers New York District Original: March, 2007 Revision 1: December, 2008 Revision 2: July, 2010 ® US Army Corps of Engineers LOWER PASSAIC RIVER RESTORATION PROJECT COMMERCIAL NAVIGATION ANALYSIS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Study Background and Authority…………………………………………………1 2.0 Study Purpose……………..………………………………………………………1 3.0 Location and Study Area Description……………………………………………..4 4.0 Navigation & Maintenance Dredging History…………………………………….5 5.0 Physical Constraints including Bridges…………………………………………...9 6.0 Operational Information………………………………………………………….11 6.1 Summary Data for Commodity Flow, Trips and Drafts (1980-2006)…..12 6.2 Berth-by-Berth Analysis (1997-2006)…………………………………...13 7.0 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………26 8.0 References………………………………………………………………………..29 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Dredging History………………………………………………………………...6 Table 2. Bridges on the Lower Passaic River……………………………………………..9 Table 3. Channel Reaches and Active Berths of the Lower Passaic River………………18 Table 4: Most Active Berths, by Volume (tons) Transported on Lower Passaic River 1997-2006………………………………………………………………………..19 Table 5: Summary of Berth-by-Berth Analysis, below RM 2.0, 1997-2006.....................27 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1a. Federal Navigation Channel (RMs 0.0 – 8.0)………………………………….2 Figure 1b. Federal Navigation Channel (RMs 8.0 – 15.4)………………………………...3 Figure 2. Downstream View of Jackson Street Bridge and the City of Newark, May 2007………………………………………………………………………………..5 Figure 3. View Upstream to the Lincoln Highway Bridge and the Pulaski Skyway, May 2007………………………………………………………………………………..8 Figure 4. View Upstream to the Point-No-Point Conrail Bridge and the NJ Turnpike Bridge, May 2007……………………………………………………………......10 Figure 5. Commodities Transported, Lower Passaic River, 1997-2006…………………12 Figure 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge, Illinois
    Hydrogeomorphic Evaluation of Ecosystem Restoration Options for Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge, Illinois Prepared For: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Refuges, Region 3 Minneapolis, Minnesota Greenbrier Wetland Services Report 12-05 Mickey E. Heitmeyer Karen E. Mangan July 2012 HYDROGEOMORPHIC EVALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION OPTIONS FOR CYPRESS CREEK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, ILLINOIS Prepared For: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System, Region 3 Minneapolis, MN and Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge Ullin, IL By: Mickey E. Heitmeyer, PhD Greenbrier Wetland Services Rt. 2, Box 2735 Advance, MO 63730 and Karen E. Mangan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge 0137 Rustic Campus Drive Ullin, IL 62992 Greenbrier Wetland Services Report 12-05 July 2012 Mickey E Heitmeyer, PhD Greenbrier Wetland Services Route 2, box 2735 Advance, MO. 63730 Publication No. 12-05 Suggested citation: Heitmeyer, M. E., K. E. Mangan. 2012. Hy- drogeomorphic evaluation of ecosystem restora- tion and management options for Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge,Ullin Il.. Prepared for U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 3, Minne- apolis, MN and Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge,Ullin,Il. Greenbrier Wetland Services Report 12-05, Blue Heron Conservation Design and Printing LLC, Bloomfield, MO. Photo credits: COVER: Limekiln Slough by Michael Jeffords Michael Jeffords, Jan Sundberg, Cary Aloia (Gardners- Gallery.com), Karen Kyle This publication printed on recycled paper by ii
    [Show full text]
  • Floodplain Geomorphic Processes and Environmental Impacts of Human Alteration Along Coastal Plain Rivers, Usa
    WETLANDS, Vol. 29, No. 2, June 2009, pp. 413–429 ’ 2009, The Society of Wetland Scientists FLOODPLAIN GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HUMAN ALTERATION ALONG COASTAL PLAIN RIVERS, USA Cliff R. Hupp1, Aaron R. Pierce2, and Gregory B. Noe1 1U.S. Geological Survey 430 National Center, Reston, Virginia, USA 20192 E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University Thibodaux, Louisiana, USA 70310 Abstract: Human alterations along stream channels and within catchments have affected fluvial geomorphic processes worldwide. Typically these alterations reduce the ecosystem services that functioning floodplains provide; in this paper we are concerned with the sediment and associated material trapping service. Similarly, these alterations may negatively impact the natural ecology of floodplains through reductions in suitable habitats, biodiversity, and nutrient cycling. Dams, stream channelization, and levee/canal construction are common human alterations along Coastal Plain fluvial systems. We use three case studies to illustrate these alterations and their impacts on floodplain geomorphic and ecological processes. They include: 1) dams along the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, 2) stream channelization in west Tennessee, and 3) multiple impacts including canal and artificial levee construction in the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana. Human alterations typically shift affected streams away from natural dynamic equilibrium where net sediment deposition is, approximately, in balance with net
    [Show full text]
  • Passaic River Basin Re-Evaluation Study
    History of Passaic Flooding Collaboration is Key Flooding has long been a problem in the In the past, the Corps of Engineers has Passaic River Basin. Since colonial times, partnered with the state of New Jersey m floods have claimed lives and damaged to study chronic flooding issues in the US Army Corps property. The growth of residential and Passaic River Basin but those studies of Engineers ® industrial development in recent years has have not resulted in construction of a multiplied the threat of serious damages comprehensive flood risk management and loss of life from flooding. More than solution. There have been many reasons 2.5 million people live in the basin (2000 for this, from discord between various census), and about 20,000 homes and governing bodies to real estate issues to places of business lie in the Passaic River environmental issues to cost concerns, floodplain. but the end result is always the same - a stalled project resulting in no solution. The most severe flood , the "flood of record ," occurred in 1903, and more recent floods We need a collaborative effort with in 1968, 1971 , 1972, 1973, two in 1975, complete support from local , state and 1984, 1992, 1999, 2005, 2007, 2010 and federal stakeholders.That means towns 2011 were sufficiently devastating to warrant within the basin that may have competing Federal Disaster declarations. interests must work together as partners. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has Public officials must understand the proposed flood risk management projects process, especially if a project is in the basin several times over the years, authorized for construction , is a long one including in 1939, 1948, 1962, 1969, 1972, and that as my colleague New Jersey 1973 and following the completion of the Department of Environmental Protection Corps' most recent study in the 1980s.
    [Show full text]
  • Army Corps of Engineers Response Document Draft
    3.0 ORANGE COUNTY Orange County has experienced numerous water resource problems along the main stem and the associated tributaries of the Moodna Creek and the Ramapo River that are typically affected by flooding during heavy rain events over the past several years including streambank erosion, agradation, sedimentation, deposition, blockages, environmental degradation, water quality and especially flooding. However, since October 2005, the flooding issues have severely increased and flooding continues during storm events that may or may not be considered significant. Areas affected as a result of creek flows are documented in the attached trip reports (Appendix D). Throughout the Orange County watershed, site visits confirmed opportunities to stabilize the eroding or threatened banks restore the riparian habitat while controlling sediment transport and improving water quality, and balance the flow regime. If the local municipalities choose to request Federal involvement, there are several options, depending on their budget, desired timeframe and intended results. The most viable options include a specifically authorized watershed study or program, or an emergency streambank protection project (Section 14 of the Continuing Authorities Program), or pursing a Continuing Authorities Program study for Flood Risk Management or Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration (Section 205 and Section 206 of the Continuing Authorities Program, respectively). Limited Federal involvement could also be provided in the form of the Planning Assistance to States or Support for Others programs provide assistance and limited funds outside of traditional Corps authorities. A watershed study focusing on restoration of the Moodna Creek, Otter Creek, Ramapo River and their associated tributaries could address various problems using a systematic approach.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mountain Shadows Property Is Part of Pruddentown by Arthur
    The Mountain Shadows Property is Part of Pruddentown ountain Shadows, Thanksgiving and Christmas Jersey was occupied by a branch of situated along Mount holidays. Also occasionally a car the Delaware Indians called the MKemble Avenue in with a “Zamrok” license plate is Lenni Lenape—“original people.” historic Morris Township, is a spotted in the area—perhaps Sam The Indians came from the west colonial styled townhouse complex. Masucci is related to a Zamrok. with the Mengwe or Iroquois Fifteen single family townhouses The land occupied by Mountain tribes and occupied the region on Zamrok Way are at the base of Shadows has historical significance bordered by the great salt water the eastern face of Mount Kemble. being next to Pruddentown, a lake and bounded by four great The complex, two miles south of 1770s colonial manufacturing rivers; the Hudson, Delaware, the Morristown Green, was built in community. At the entrance to Susquehanna and Potomac. 1984, and has blended in with the Zamrok Way is a two hundred year In the 1600s, New Jersey was wooded countryside. Sam Masucci, old hickory tree that can attest to inhabited by Swedish and Dutch of Forest Dale Associates, built the changes to the landscape as settlers who traded for furs with Mountain Shadows, the Shadow Pruddentown expanded along the Native Americans. The settlers Brook Townhouses and the Mount Kemble Avenue from multiplied and in the early 1700s, Applewood homes. For several Skyline Drive to Sand Spring the land was politically subdivided years after the completion of the Road. into counties. Morris County, townhouses, the residents were originally part of Hunterdon amazed when an unknown The First Settlers County, was created in 1738, and benefactor decorated the “Zamrok The story of Mount Kemble named after the Governor of the Way” street sign with straw and Avenue and Pruddentown begins at Province, Lewis Morris.
    [Show full text]
  • Total Maximum Daily Load Report for the Non-Tidal Passaic River Basin Addressing Phosphorus Impairments
    Amendment to the Northeast, Upper Raritan, Sussex County and Upper Delaware Water Quality Management Plans Total Maximum Daily Load Report For the Non-Tidal Passaic River Basin Addressing Phosphorus Impairments Watershed Management Areas 3, 4 and 6 Proposed: May 7, 2007 Adopted: April 24, 2008 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Watershed Management P.O. Box 418 Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0418 Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary……………………………………………………..…………….. 4 2.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….…... 13 3.0 Pollutant of Concern and Area of Interest…………………………………….……. 14 4.0 Source Assessment………………………………………………………………..….. 29 5.0 Analytical Approach and TMDL Calculation …………………………………..… 36 6.0 Follow-up Monitoring…………………………………………………………..…….47 7.0 Implementation Plan……………………………………………………………..……48 8.0 Reasonable Assurance…………………………………………………………….…..58 9.0 Public Participation…………………………………………………………………... 61 Appendix A: Cited References………………………………………………………..... 67 Appendix B: Municipalities and MS4 Designation in the Passaic River Basin ….… 71 Appendix C: Additional Impairments within TMDL Area ………………………….. 73 Appendix D: TMDLs completed in the Passaic River Basin ……………………...….. 75 Appendix E: Rationale for Establishing Chlorophyll-a as Watershed Criteria to Protect Designated Uses of the Wanaque Reservoir and Dundee Lake……… 78 Appendix F: Response to Comments…………………………………………………… 92 Tables Table 1. Stream segments identified on Sublists 3 and 5 of the 2004 Integrated List assessed for phosphorus impairment………………………………………6 Table 2. Assessment Units Analyzed from the 2006 Integrated List………………….....7 Table 3. Sublist 5 and Sublist 3 stream segments in spatial extent of non-tidal Passaic River basin TMDL study……………………………….. 20 Table 4. HUC 14 Assessment Units from 2006 Integrated List addressed in this and related TMDL studies………………………………………………………….. 21 Table 5. Description of Reservoirs……………………………………………………… 25 Table 6.
    [Show full text]
  • 126 Passaic River Basin 01387811 Ramapo River at Lenape Lane, at Oakland, Nj
    126 PASSAIC RIVER BASIN 01387811 RAMAPO RIVER AT LENAPE LANE, AT OAKLAND, NJ LOCATION.--Lat 41°02'12", long 74°14'29", Bergen County, Hydrologic Unit 02030103, at bridge on Lenape Lane, 500 ft northwest of Crystal Lake, 0.7 mi north of Oakland, and 0.9 mi east of Ramapo Lake. DRAINAGE AREA.--135 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2004 to August 2005. REMARKS.--Total nitrogen (00600) equals the sum of dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen (00623), dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen (00631), and total particulate nitrogen (49570). COOPERATION.--Field data and samples for laboratory analyses were provided by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Concentrations of ammonia in samples collected during November to December and August to September; orthophosphate in every sampling period except February to March; and nitrite, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended residue, fecal coliform, E. coli, and enterococcus bacteria were determined by the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Public Health and Environmental Laboratories, Environmental and Chemical Laboratory Services. COOPERATIVE NETWORK SITE DESCRIPTOR.--Statewide Status, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Watershed Management Area 3. WATER-QUALITY DATA, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2004 TO SEPTEMBER 2005 Turbdty UV UV white absorb- absorb- Dis- pH, Specif. light, ance, ance, Baro- solved water, conduc- Hard- det ang 254 nm, 280 nm, metric Dis- oxygen, unfltrd tance, Temper- Temper- ness, Calcium 90+/-30 wat flt wat flt pres- solved percent field, wat unf ature, ature, water, water, corrctd units units sure, oxygen, of sat- std uS/cm air, water, mg/L as fltrd, Date Time NTRU /cm /cm mm Hg mg/L uration units 25 degC deg C deg C CaCO3 mg/L (63676) (50624) (61726) (00025) (00300) (00301) (00400) (00095) (00020) (00010) (00900) (00915) OCT 28..
    [Show full text]
  • Water Resources of the New Jersey Part of the Ramapo River Basin
    Water Resources of the New Jersey Part of the Ramapo River Basin GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1974 Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Water Policy and Supply Water Resources of the New Jersey Part of the Ramapo River Basin By JOHN VECCHIOLI and E. G. MILLER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1974 Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Water Policy and Supply UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1973 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 72-600358 For sale bv the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2.20 Stock Number 2401-02417 CONTENTS Page Abstract.................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction............................................................................................ ............ 2 Purpose and scope of report.............................................................. 2 Acknowledgments.......................................................................................... 3 Previous studies............................................................................................. 3 Geography...................................................................................................... 4 Geology
    [Show full text]