DOCSLIB.ORG

Anbg.Org.Au Mature Leaves of Eucalyptus and Corymbia Are Alternate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anbg.Org.Au Mature Leaves of Eucalyptus and Corymbia Are Alternate EVOLUTION OF EUCALYPTS KEY FACTS ABOUT EUCALYPTS EUCALYPT FRUITS Eucalypts are thought to have evolved from rainforest Eucalypts are a defining feature of much of the There is great variation in eucalypt fruits (gum nuts). species in response to great changes in the landscape, Australian landscape and an essential part of Australian The fruit is usually a woody capsule and may soils and climate of the continent. As the environment culture. They dominate the tree flora of Australia and be small or very large, single or clustered. became drier, eucalypts adapted to live in challenging provide habitat and food for many native animals. conditions of variable rainfall, low nutrient soils and Most Corymbia species Of the over 850 eucalypt species known, have thick-walled woody high fire risk existing over much of the continent. almost all are native only to Australia. They grow from the arid inland to temperate woodlands, fruit that are more or Some species have a wide geographic distribution; wet coastal forests and sub-alpine areas. less urn-shaped others are extremely restricted in their natural ADAPTED TO FIRE habitat and need conservation. Dormant epicormic buds hidden beneath the often NOT ALL EUCALYPTS ARE EUCALYPTUS Typical Eucalyptus fruit EUCALYPT thick insulating bark of most eucalypts are ready to The term ‘eucalypt’ refers to three closely-related genera sprout new stems and leaves after fire. All but a few of the Myrtaceae family – Eucalyptus with 758 species, DISCOVERY WALK eucalypts have a special structure at the base of the Corymbia with 93 species and Angophora with trunk known as a lignotuber which also contains dormant 10 species. Colloquially they are called ‘gum trees’. buds and nutrients protected from fire. Some species Eucalyptus is derived from the Greek eu- meaning Angophora species rely on seeds released by gum nuts following fire to ‘well’ and kalyptos meaning ‘covered’, referring to the have ribbed fruit produce seedlings in the nutrient-rich ash bed. small cap or lid (operculum) which covers the flower bud before it blooms in Eucalyptus and Corymbia. Look for gum nuts near eucalypt trees IMPORTANT TO WILDLIFE AND PEOPLE Angophora species have no flower bud cap. The name as you walk through the Gardens. Eucalypts are important for wildlife habitat. Tree hollows Angophora comes from the Greek phora meaning Can you tell the difference between and bark provide nesting and refuge sites for native ‘carries’ and angos meaning ‘jar’ or ‘vessel’ refering to Eucalyptus, Angophora and Corymbia fruits? animals. Leaves, nectar, pollen and seeds are all the cup-shaped fruit borne by members of the genus. important food sources for many native animals. The genus Corymbia is named from the Latin corymbium; KNOWN FOR THE DIVERSITY AND Eucalypts are a vital resource of the Australian environment. a ‘corymb’ refers to the form of the flower clusters. BEAUTY OF THEIR BARK They have many commercial uses including wood products, Eucalypts show a great diversity of size, form, leaf As well as having great beauty, eucalypt bark can pulp and paper production, honey and eucalyptus oil. and bark type. Each of these characteristics help help in a tree’s identification. At a popular level, many They are the world’s most widely planted hardwoods. in their identification. Species featured in this walk people use bark to help identify eucalypts. Bark types Indigenous Australians have long used eucalypts illustrate the diversity and many uses of eucalypts. are often used in the common names of eucalypts. for medicinal purposes, food and tools as well as LEAVES shields, dishes, musical instruments and canoes. Mature eucalypts vary in bark characteristics. Eucalypts have tough leathery leaves that often hang vertically Smooth-barked species shed their bark annually in strips, to minimise exposure to the sun and moisture loss. They are flakes or slabs revealing a colourful, fresh, smooth trunk. SUPPORTED BY rich in volatile oils, making them vulnerable to bushfires. Other species have rough bark that persists for many years The leaf form changes from seedlings to maturity. In most giving the trunk a rough and often dark-coloured appearance. species there is a pronounced difference between the ery juvenile, intermediate and adult leaves. Generally, the Rough bark may be referred to by its texture, Alive with discov dahltrust.org.au www.friendsanbg.org.au mature leaves of Eucalyptus and Corymbia are alternate. such as compact, tessellated, stringy or ironbark. Angophora leaves grow opposite each other. Rough bark may be present only on part of the trunk, www.nationalbotanicgardens.gov.au with branches and upper trunk being smooth. Discover a selection of Look for the different shapes and textures twitter.com/anbg Australia’s iconic eucalypts of the gum tree leaves. Do the leaves grow Feel the different textures of the gum tree barks. Facebook ANBG 10/2013 • Printed on recycled paper 3000 opposite each other, or do they alternate? FRITH ROAD LEGEND EUCALYPT DISCOVERY WALK Burbidge MAIN PATH Amphitheatre BRIDGE 18 19 RED CENTRE STEPS Eucalypt GARDEN EUCALYPT Lawn PUBLIC TOILETS 17 14 Tropical DISCOVERY WALK House ACCESSIBLE TOILET 13 16 SYDNEY REGION FLORA 15 CAFE DUCROU 12 PAVILION BOOK/GIFT SHOP Discover a selection of Australia’s iconic PHONE eucalypts as you follow this self-guided walk. NURSERY RAINFOREST INFORMATION CENTRE 9 Northern LIST OF TREES FIRST AID Rock Eucalypt 1 Eucalyptus cunninghamii – Cliff Mallee Ash BIKE RACK Garden Lawn NO PUBLIC 7 10 ACCESS 2 Eucalyptus globulus – Tasmanian Blue Gum PICNIC TABLE 20 SUNDIAL 3 Eucalyptus regnans – Mountain Ash SHELTER 11 8 FRIENDS 4 Eucalyptus melliodora – Yellow Box WATER DRAGON SHELTER (Spring and Summer only) 21 Brittle 5 Corymbia ficifolia ‘Dwarf Orange’ RAINFOREST Gum Lawn 6 Eucalyptus mannifera – Brittle Gum 7 Eucalyptus lacrimans – Weeping Snow Gum B 8 L Eucalyptus scoparia – Wallangara White Gum A C K 9 Eucalyptus benthamii – Camden White Gum Theatrette M 6 O U 10 Eucalyptus polybractea – Blue Mallee N Visitor T A I CAR PARK N Centre 11 Eucalyptus robusta – Swamp Mahogany D R 1 Botanical I 12 Eucalyptus rossii – Scribbly Gum V Cafe E Resource 13 Eucalyptus pulverulenta – Silver-leaved Mountain Gum Centre CAR PARK 14 Corymbia calophylla – Marri 5 15 Eucalyptus saligna – Sydney Blue Gum 2 TASMANIAN Banks Building RAINFOREST Paperbark 0 50m 4 Education Centre 16 Corymbia citriodora – Lemon-scented Gum 3 Lawn 17 Eucalyptus siderophloia – Northern Grey Ironbark Education Crosbie 18 Eucalyptus cloeziana – Gympie Messmate Lawn Morrison Building Walk time: 1 hour 19 Angophora costata – Smooth-barked Apple CLUNIES ROSS STREET Walk distance: 1.8 km 20 Eucalyptus viminalis – Manna Gum Note: walk traverses stairs, lawn and uneven surfaces 21 Eucalyptus grandis – Flooded Gum.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Honey and Pollen Flora Suitable for Planting in SE
    Honey & pollen flora suitable for planting in south-eastern NSW Agnote DAI-115 Second edition, Revised April 2002 Doug Somerville District Livestock Officer (Apiculture) Goulburn Trees and shrubs are planted for a number of species that have a flowering time different from reasons — as windbreaks, for shade or shelter, and that of the crops. for aesthetic reasons. By carefully selecting the • Avoid selecting winter flowering species for the species you may also produce an environment Tablelands. The temperature is often too low for attractive to native birds and bees. bees to work these sources efficiently. If they It is doubtful whether enough flowering shrubs do, health problems in the bee colony may and trees can be planted on a farm or recreational result. activity area to be a major benefit to commercial • When planting near drains, sewers and beekeeping. But there is good reason to believe buildings, consider whether the plantings may they can benefit small static apiaries. A cause damage in the future. commercial stocking rate for beehives is about one • Select salt tolerant species in areas where this hive per 4–12 ha. This figure varies with the honey is, or may be, a problem. and pollen yielding capacity of the flora. • Windbreaks should be planted three to four Consider these points before selecting species plants wide. Consider an extra one or two rows on the basis of honey and pollen yielding capacity: chosen for honey and pollen production, and to • Multiple plantings of a range of species are increase the aesthetic appeal of the plantings. more desirable than two or three plants of many species.
    [Show full text]
  • Eucalypt Discovery Walk
    Eucalypt Discovery Walk This self-guided walk through the Botanic Gardens features 21 eucalypts, each of which has an interpretive sign. Additional information is provided here. A round trip, starting with #1 Eucalyptus cunninghamii in the North Car Park and returning past #21 Eucalyptus viminalis to the Visitor Information Centre, will take about an hour and covers a range of terrain (e.g. stairs, lawn, uneven surfaces). There are about 850 eucalypt species, almost all occurring naturally only in Australia. Indeed, eucalypts are a defining feature of the Australian landscape. They are an important component of Australian vegetation and provide a habitat for many native animals. Some species have a wide geographic distribution, others are extremely restricted in their natural habitat and may need conservation. There is great diversity of size, form, leaf and bark type among eucalypts. Eucalypts have many commercial uses. An important source of wood products in Australia, they are also the world’s most widely-planted hardwoods. Large areas are being grown in Brazil, South Africa, India, China and elsewhere mainly for pulp and paper production. Species featured in this walk have been selected to illustrate the diversity and many uses of eucalypts. Acknowledgements This walk has been supported by the Bjarne K. Dahl Trust (www.dahltrust.org.au) a philanthropic fund. Dahl was a Norwegian forester who developed a great affinity with the Australian Bush and left his entire estate to establish a fund which focuses solely on eucalypts. Funds have also been provided by the Public Fund of the Friends of the Australian National Botanic Gardens (www.friendsanbg.org.au).
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf (686.71 K)
    ISSN 2537_ 0715 IJSRSD (2021): Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2021 International Journal of Scientific Received: April 2021, Accepted: June 2021 Research and Sustainable Development Essential Oils as Green Insecticides: GC/MS Analysis and Toxicological Studies on Cotton Mealybugs Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Saad, L.H.E.1; Negm, S.El.2; Saleh, A.A.2 and Abd El-Mageed, A.E.M.1 1 Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. 2 Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture. Mansoura University, Egypt. ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of three essential oils extracted from Rosemary Salvia rosmarinus (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), Lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus ( Poales: Poaceae), and Camphor Eucalyptus melliodora (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) leaves compared to Diver® 97% E.C. under laboratory conditions on 3rd instar nymph of Cotton Mealybug (CMB) Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). The chemical composition of the extracted essential oils was clarified. Results showed that the most remarkable toxic essential oils to the 3rd instar nymph of P. solenopsis after three days of treatment were S. rosmarinus followed by C. citratus. The LC50 values were 3102.591 and 3323.293 ppm, respectively; while, the LC50 values after seven days for C. citratus followed by S. rosmarinus were 680.073 and 740.591 ppm, respectively. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to analyze the essential oils and identify the most active ingredients. Results revealed that the most abundant constituents of E. melliodora were found to be (z)-tagetenone (20.56%) and p-cymene (16.62%). The S. rosmarinus essential oil mainly consisted of 1,8-cineol (18.37%), bornyl acetate (13.02%), and norbornan-2-one (12.53%), while the major constituent of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Beijing Olympic Mascots
    LEVEL – Lower primary FLORAL EMBLEMS DESCRIPTION In these activities, students learn about the floral emblems of Great Britain. They discuss their own responses to the emblems and explore design elements and features including colours, shapes, lines and their purpose before colouring a picture. These cross-curriculum activities contribute to the achievement of the following: Creative and visual arts • Selects, combines and manipulates images, shapes and forms using a range of skills, techniques and processes. English • Interprets and discusses some relationships between ideas, information and events in visual texts for general viewing. SUGGESTED TIME approximately 15-30 minutes for each activity (this may be customised accordingly) WHAT YOU NEED • photographs or actual samples of the floral emblem for your state or territory http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/index.html • photographs or actual samples of the floral emblems of Great Britain – Rose (England), Shamrock (Ireland), Thistle (Scotland) and Daffodil (Wales) o http://www.flickr.com/groups/roses/ o http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/shamrock/clusters/green-irish-stpatricksday/ o http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=Thistle+ o http://www.flickr.com/groups/daffodilworld/ • copies of Student handout • paint, brushes, markers, crayons, glitter and other art materials ACTIVITIES The following activities may be completed independently or combined as part of a more comprehensive learning sequence, lesson or educational program. Please refer to your own state or territory syllabus for more explicit guidelines. Australia’s floral emblems 1. Show the class a picture or sample of Golden Wattle, along with the floral emblem for your state or territory. Ask the class if anyone has these flowers growing in their garden or local area.
    [Show full text]
  • US Air Force Pollinator Conservation
    U.S. Air Force Pollinator Conservation Reference Guide - Appendix A: Species maps and profiles Photo: Jim Hudgins/USFWS CC BY 2.0 2017 U.S. Air Force Pollinator Conservation Reference Guide Appendix A: Species maps and profiles Prepared for U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center Prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recommended citation: USFWS. 2017. U.S. Air Force Pollinator Conservation Reference Guide, Appendix A: Species information maps and profiles, Air Force Civil Engineer Center, San Antonio, TX, 88 pp. Page i ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY AFB = Air Force Base AFR = Air Force Range AGFD = Arizona Game and Fish Department ATV = all-terrain vehicle Bivoltine = two generations per year BLM = Bureau of Land Management BoR = Bureau of Reclamation CABI = Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International Caterpillar = larva of a butterfly, skipper or moth Chrysalis = pupa of a butterfly, skipper or moth Diapause = a dormant phase DoD = Department of Defense Eclose = emerge from a pupa ECOS = Environmental Conservation Online System ESBB = El Segundo blue butterfly FR = Federal Register FS (in text) or USFS(on maps)= Forest Service Gynes = reproductive females Half-life = estimated number of years until an additional 50% of the population is lost Host plant = food plant for larval butterflies, skippers and moths Instar = time between larval molts (larval stage) LLNB = lesser long-nosed bat NPS = National Park Service Oviposit = lay an egg or multiple eggs PIF = Partners in Flight PIF Yellow Watch List = Bird species that have restricted ranges and small populations. These species require constant care and long-term assessment to prevent population declines. Senesce = age and wither Univoltine = one generation per year USDA = U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • EUCALYPTUS ASSESSMENT City of Santa Monica
    EUCALYPTUS ASSESSMENT City of Santa Monica PREPARED FOR: City of Santa Monica Open Space Management Division 2600 Ocean Park Blvd. Santa Monica CA 90405 PREPARED BY HortScience, Inc. 4125 Mohr Ave., Suite F Pleasanton CA 94566 September 2005 Eucalyptus Assessment Santa Monica CA Table of Contents Page I. Introduction and Methods 1 Eucalyptus assessment Tree evaluation procedure Tree risk rating system II. Results and Evaluation 6 Description of trees Results of decay testing Tree risk ratings III. Tree Risk Abatement 12 List of Tables & Figures Table 1. Eucalyptus tree condition & frequency of occurrence 7 Table 2. Results of decay testing Table 3. Summary of tree hazard ratings 11 Table 4. Recommendations for specific action Attachments Eucalyptus assessment procedure Tree Survey Forms Eucalyptus Assessment HortScience, Inc. City of Santa Monica Page 1 I. Introduction and Methods Thousands of trees line Santa Monica’s streets and grace its parks. Planted over the course of the City’s history, these trees are an important component of Santa Monica’s urban forest. Management of this resource falls under the purview of the City’s Open Space Management Division. Many of the trees in the City are species of the genus Eucalyptus, native to Australia. The three types of eucalyptus, commonly known as gums, ironbarks and yates, add a distinctive character to the community. One of the issues faced by the City of Santa Monica is enhancing the safety of those who live, work and visit there. The Open Space Management Division wants to manage the eucalyptus trees to conserve the resource while protecting public safety.
    [Show full text]
  • The Flower Chain the Early Discovery of Australian Plants
    The Flower Chain The early discovery of Australian plants Hamilton and Brandon, Jill Douglas Hamilton Duchess of University of Sydney Library Sydney, Australia 2002 http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/ozlit © University of Sydney Library. The texts and images are not to be used for commercial purposes without permission Source Text: Prepared with the author's permission from the print edition published by Kangaroo Press Sydney 1998 All quotation marks are retained as data. First Published: 1990 580.994 1 Australian Etext Collections at botany prose nonfiction 1940- women writers The flower chain the early discovery of Australian plants Sydney Kangaroo Press 1998 Preface Viewing Australia through the early European discovery, naming and appreciation of its flora, gives a fresh perspective on the first white people who went to the continent. There have been books on the battle to transform the wilderness into an agriculturally ordered land, on the convicts, on the goldrush, on the discovery of the wealth of the continent, on most aspects of settlement, but this is the first to link the story of the discovery of the continent with the slow awareness of its unique trees, shrubs and flowers of Australia. The Flower Chain Chapter 1 The Flower Chain Begins Convict chains are associated with early British settlement of Australia, but there were also lighter chains in those grim days. Chains of flowers and seeds to be grown and classified stretched across the oceans from Botany Bay to Europe, looping back again with plants and seeds of the old world that were to Europeanise the landscape and transform it forever.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Plants
    Indigenous Plant Nursery Plant Species List The following plant list contains some of the local native plants that may be available from the Edendale Indigenous Plant Nursery. Availability can vary so please contact the nursery for specific and seasonal availability of plants. Contact details: [email protected] Phone (03) 9433 3703 30 Gastons Road, Eltham VIC 3091 Open 7 days per week, 9.30am to 4.30pm Trees Species Common Name Size (height x width) Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle 6 – 30m x 5 – 10m Acacia implexa Lightwood 5 – 15m x 4 – 7m Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle 3 – 10m x 2 – 5m Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle 8 – 25m x 6 – 10m Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood 5 – 30m x 4 – 15m Allocasuarina littoralis Black Sheoke 4 – 8m x 2 – 5m Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoke 4 – 11m x 3 – 6m Banksia marginata Silver Banksia 1 – 10m x 1 – 5m Callitris rhomboidea Oyster Bay Pine 9 – 15 m high Eucalyptus blakelyi Blakely’s Red Gum 15 – 24m x 10 – 15m Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum 15 – 50m x 15 – 35m Eucalyptus goniocalyx Long-leaved Box 8 – 20m x 6 – 15m Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum 10 – 20m x 6 – 20m Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark 10 – 35m x 10 – 20m Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box 10 – 30m x 8 – 25m Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum 8 – 30m x 8 – 20m Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum 8 – 12m x 6 – 10m Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box 7 – 25m x 5 – 15m Eucalyptus radiata Narrow-leaved Peppermint 10 – 30m x 6 – 20m Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark Gum 10 – 25m x 10 – 20m Eucalyptus tricarpa Red Ironbark 10 – 30m x
    [Show full text]
  • IW Eucalyptus Globulus Report 7-16.Qxp
    IFEAT SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY IFEAT SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY AN OVERVIEW OF SOME IMPORTANT ESSENTIAL OILS AND OTHER NATURALS This report on eucalyptus globulus oil is the eighth in a series of reports being produced by the IFEAT Socio- EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS Economic Sub-Committee on the importance of specific naturals to the livelihoods of those involved in their COMMON NAME: Eucalyptus globulus (in Australia it is called Tasmanian Blue Gum) production. Previous reports have BOTANICAL NAME: Eucalyptus globulus covered the production, processing and marketing of patchouli, cornmint, citronella, jasmine, geranium, petitgrain and lavender. The twelve products chosen for analysis by the INTRODUCTION China produces around 17,000 tonnes of The distillation of crude oil is mainly located in the western and crude E. globulus essential oil of which southwestern parts of Yunnan Province. Oil distillation is of two kinds. committee have been picked because around 10,000 tonnes were exported in In the first kind, the farmers use their own stills to distill the leaves from of their high impact on the lives of Eucalyptus globulus is one of the most 2015 according to customs data from China. their own forest land or purchased from land owned by other farmers. those involved in producing them commonly used essential oils. A major use of The crude oil contains 45-52% eucalyptol. Their only investment is the still which costs around US$400 and the and the large number of people the oil is for flavouring food, with candies farmers start the process when they have collected enough leaves. The affected.
    [Show full text]
  • Lowland Grassy Woodland in the South East Corner Bioregion
    Lowland Grassy Woodland in the South East Corner Bioregion Introduction These guidelines provide background information to assist landholders to identify remnants of Lowland Grassy Woodland in the South East Corner Bioregion (known here as Lowland Grassy Woodland). For more detailed information refer to the NSW Scientific Committee’s Final Determination at www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/profile.aspx?id=20070 What is an endangered ecological community? An ecological community is a unique and naturally occurring assemblage of plants and animals. The presence of an ecological community can be determined by factors such as soil type, position in the landscape, climate and water availability, all of which influence species composition. An endangered ecological community (EEC) is an ecological community listed under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 as being at risk of extinction unless threats affecting these areas are managed and reduced. What is Lowland Grassy Woodland? Lowland Grassy Woodland is an open forest or woodland often with a layer of scattered small trees, an open shrub layer and a mostly continuous grassy ground layer. Some examples may reach a height of 40 m, but many regrowth stands may only be 10 m tall. It is associated with rainshadow areas of the south coast and hinterland of New South Wales which receive less rainfall than the more elevated surrounding areas. It typically occurs in undulating terrain up to 500 m elevation on granitic substrates (e.g. adamellites, granites, granodiorites, gabbros, etc.) but may also occur on locally steep sites and on acid volcanic, alluvial and fine-grained sedimentary substrates.
    [Show full text]
  • Grey Box (Eucalyptus Microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia
    Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia: A guide to the identification, assessment and management of a nationally threatened ecological community Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Glossary the Glossary at the back of this publication. © Commonwealth of Australia 2012 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercialised use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Public Affairs - Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2610 Australia or email [email protected] Disclaimer The contents of this document have been compiled using a range of source materials and is valid as at June 2012. The Australian Government is not liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of or reliance on the contents of the document. CONTENTS WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE? 1 NATIONALLY THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES 2 What is a nationally threatened ecological community? 2 Why does the Australian Government list threatened ecological communities? 2 Why list the Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia as
    [Show full text]
  • Grassy White Box Woodlands
    Department of Land & Water Conservation November 1998 No. 44 (Revised April 1999) ISSN 1324-6860 GRASSY WHITE BOX WOODLANDS Woodlands v. forests on infertile or rocky sites. In healthy woodlands of both types, juvenile trees will Woodlands can be distinguished from forests also be present. by tree spacing and tree shape. Forest trees have relatively small crowns, whereas those in In some cases such as the bimble box woodlands often have more than half their woodlands, woodlands that were once grassy height as crown and less than half as trunk (see are now shrubby. The reasons for this change Figure 1). Trees which commonly have a are not clear but depletion of the grassy woodland form are yellow box, white box, component by continuous grazing is blakelys red gum and grey box. implicated. The grassy woodlands were especially favoured by the early settlers as they provided good quality grazing without having to remove trees. Unfortunately, most of those high quality forage plants have long gone. Also, being on relatively fertile land and having low numbers of trees to clear, the grassy woodlands were easily converted into crop land. Much of NSW's wheatbelt occurs on land that once supported grassy woodlands. (a) (b) Though trees provide habitat for larger animals Figure 1. A tree with (a) woodland form and such as birds and possums, and moderate the (b) a forest form. climate at ground level, they are only part of the woodland - just one of the many species In forests, crowns of the trees touch or overlap, that occur there.
    [Show full text]