INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL FOR GEOSCIENCE RESOURCES (IS-Geo) KOREA INSTITUTE OF GEOSCIENCE AND MINERAL RESOURCES (KIGAM)

REGULAR TRAINING COURSE ON Exploration, Development and Processing of Mineral Resources

The International School for Geoscience Resources of KIGAM presents an intensive training course on Exploration, Development and Processing of Mineral Resources. The course takes place at the International School for Geoscience Resources (IS-Geo) of KIGAM in Daejeon (Korea) from April 9 to 27, 2018 and includes the following 3 modules.

Representative Modules Date Lecturers Module1. Mineral deposit systems: Dr. Franco Pirajno April 9-13 (CET, University of Western principles and genetic concepts Australia) Module 2. Mineral Resources and their April 16-19 Dr. Antonio Arribas Exploration and Assessment (Akita University, Japan)

☆ Country Report Workshop April 20 IS-Geo

Dr. Jae-chun Lee/ Module 3. Mineral processing and Extractive Dr. Hyunsik Park/ metallurgy, Carbon Resource April 23-25 Dr. Hoon Lee/ Recycling Appropriate Technology Dr. Jiwhan Ahn and others in KIGAM

☆ Field Excursion April 26-27 IS-Geo

 Agenda This course provides an introduction to the genesis of mineral deposits including both metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits, examines modern exploration methods and strategies based on the ore deposits model with case studies. More practically, mineral processing, extractive metallurgy and carbon mineralization are covered.

 Course Content o Mineral resources and Society o Ore mineral deposits system and genesis o Geologic and exploration models of volcanic arc-hosted deposits o Geological science tools, such as fluid inclusion studies, isotope geochemistry, other o Exploration strategies and introduction to methods for mineral discovery (geochemistry, geophysics, etc) o Case histories of exploration and discovery o Mining engineering o Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy o Carbon Resource Recycling Appropriate Technology

 Course Requirements: Prerequisite o Background in general geology, mineralogy, petrology and structural geology o Experience with optical methods in mineral identification o Understanding of fundamental processes in geodynamics and geological processes o Having the command of both spoken and written English o Having computer using skills

 Who should attend? o Persons dealing with mineral resources and/or being engaged in mineral exploration for newly joined and newly qualified staff of geological surveys and governmental agencies, and advanced-level geologists who have not gathered any practical experience o Geologists, mineralogists, geophysicists or mining engineers who have a basic knowledge and limited experience in economic geology but want to broaden their knowledge especially in the field of sedimentary/sediment- hosted mineral deposits o National or local government officials, preferably middle manager, researchers and engineers engaged in the field of mining and mineral resources

Module 1. Mineral deposit systems: principles and genetic concepts - Dr. Franco Pirajno

 Summary of topic contents and learning objectives The opening day of the course discusses the general concepts of ore deposits geology, overview and a general introduction on mineral systems, followed by magmatic mineral systems, of carbonatites and associated rare earth mineral deposits, diamonds in kimberlites and lamproites, concluding with an overview of large igneous provinces, mantle dynamics and their role in the making of ore systems.

 Day 1. Magmatic mineral systems (April 9) Day 1 provides a general view of igneous geology, description of mineral systems that are formed directly from magmas and the latest conceptual models on their genesis. o Introduction, basic principles o Magmatic mineral systems o Ni-Cu-PGE in layered intrusions and Alaskan type intrusions o Komatiites o Anorogenic alkaline complexes, carbonatites and rare earths mineralisation; video clip o Diamondiferous kimberlites and lamproites o Large igneous provinces, tectonics and ore systems associated with mantle dynamics

 Day 2. Magmatic-hydrothermal mineral systems (April 10) Day 2 introduces the important features of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and examines the ore systems that are created by igneous intrusions, illustrated by a comprehensive set of world-wide examples. o Introduction to hydrothermal processes; wall rock alteration, fluid inclusions, stable isotopes, hyperspectral mapping, remote sensing o Intrusion-related and convergent margins porphyry deposits o Intraplate porphyry Mo deposits o Epithermal systems o Carlin-type and skarns o Iron oxides copper gold (IOCG) and Kiruna type deposits

 Day 3. Mineral deposits of the ocean floor; mineral systems in volcano-sedimentary basins (April 11) We discuss the ocean floor (processes leading to the formation of mineral deposits related to spreading centres, back-arc and convergent margins), hydrothermal activity in rift-related volcano-sedimentary basins, SEDEX and Copperbelt type deposits, and the Red Sea brines. An overview on continental rift systems and associated mineralisation o Features of the ocean floor, ophiolites and related hydrothermal processes o Fe-Mn and rare earths in the deep ocean floor; video clips of sea floor “black smokers” o Volcanogenic massive sulphides (VMS)and Besshi-type VMS o SEDEX deposits; the Red Sea brines o Copperbelt type Cu-Co deposits o Breccia pipes o Continental rift systems and associated ore deposits

 Day 4. Non-magmatic mineral systems (April 12) o Introduction; orogenic and anorogenic Au and base metals lodes o Listvenites and rodingites o Laterite-supergene mineral deposits o Non-sulphide supergene mineral deposits o Mississippi valley-type ore deposits; black shales o Placer deposits

 Day 5. Iron (and Mn), phosphorites, uranium deposits; biosphere, gas hydrates, asteroid impacts and mineralisation (April 13) In this session we discuss a wide range of mineral systems, for which no direct magmatic input can be demonstrated. In this are included orogenic and supergene- related mineral deposits, uranium deposits, including the world-famous Witwatersrand in South Africa and the economically very important iron deposits. The end of Day 4 concludes with a “lesson from the past”, showing how easily some key features can be missed during mineral exploration. o Orogenic gold lodes and base metals o Laterite-hosted mineral systems o Non-sulphide supergene mineral deposits o Mississippi Valley type (MVT) deposits; black shales o Uranium deposits and sedimentary phosphate deposits o Iron and manganese deposits o Placer deposits o Lessons from the past and conclusions

Module 2. Mineral Resources and their exploration and assessment - Dr. Antonio Arribas

 Summary of topic contents and learning objectives Mineral resources are crucial to every person’s way of life in our modern society, both to maintain the standard of living in the developed world, and for the growth that is essential in the developing world. Contrary to some widely-held views, all past evidence clearly indicates that we are not going to run out of mineral resources any time soon. Thus the expected continual increase in the consumption of metals must be met with attention to the numerous challenges facing the sensible development of mineral resources and exploration for new ore deposits, increasingly at depth and below cover. This module will review these issues and examine modern exploration for a range of commodities based on ore deposit models, strategies, methods and discovery case studies.

 Subjects Covered o Necessity of metal production and thus exploration: rationale and strategy o Ore deposit characteristics targeted during exploration: geology, geochemistry, geophysics o Assessing features of exploration prospects: case studies of discovery

 Course Requirements: Prerequisite o Background in general geology; some knowledge of ore deposits useful o Command of both spoken and written English

 Day 1. Mineral resources and Society: past, present and future (April 16) Day 1 introduces the background for the need for exploration based on the role of mineral resources in Society, their uses and consumption patterns throughout history. The knowledge needed for industry, government and society on trends in metal production, reserve addition and recycling will be discussed, as well as the challenges facing the exploration and mining industry. o Uses of metals, and trends in consumption, production and recycling o The concept of resource vs reserves o Why is exploration needed?

 Day 2. Mineral exploration: discovering, defining and assessing ore deposits (April 17) Day 2 examines the environments of formation of different ore deposit types that allow a prediction of commodities to be explored for based on the geology of a region. The characteristics of ore deposits that provide signatures useful to geologists exploring for different ore deposit types, including specific methods, will be reviewed. Exploration strategies and exploration methods will be introduced. o Tectonic environment of ore formation o Ore deposit types and characteristics useful for exploration o Methods used for exploration: geological, geochemical, geophysical

 Day 3. The geological science behind mineral exploration (April 18) Hydrothermal ore deposits account for about half of the value of metals mined today, and these mainly form in volcanic arcs and sedimentary basins. The features of deposits formed in volcanic arcs are responsible for >70% of world copper production. On Day 3 students will learn about two important arc-related mineral systems: porphyry and epithermal base- and precious-metal deposits. They will understand how these deposits form, their classification and mineralization types. Also, how the scientific understanding of these deposits has evolved over the past several decades and influenced their exploration. o Porphyry systems and their relation to volcanic arcs o Exploration for and assessment of porphyry and epithermal deposits o Alteration mineralogy used during exploration, including remote sensing o Evolution of geologic and exploration models

 Day 4. Case studies of mineral exploration: conceptual and practical lessons (April 19) Examples of ore deposits and their discovery histories are useful for explorers to learn from and use in exploration and assessment of similar deposit types. During the final day, using porphyry and epithermal exploration case studies as illustrative examples, students will see the connection between geological science and mineral exploration. o Discovery histories of porphyry copper deposits o Discovery histories of epithermal precious and base metal deposits o Guidelines for exploration and assessment

 Day 5. Country Report Workshop (April 20)-IS-Geo

Module 3. Mineral processing and Extractive metallurgy/ Carbon Mineralization

- Dr. Jae-chun Lee/ Dr. Hyunsik Park/ Dr. Hoon Lee/ Dr. Jiwhan Ahn/ Dr. Kwanho Kim/ Dr. Jihoe Kwon/ Dr. Sujeong Lee/ Dr. Doyun Shin

 Day 1. Mineral processing & Lab Tour - Dr. Hoon Lee/ Dr. Kwanho Kim/ Dr. Jihoe Kwon/ (April 23).

 Summary of topic contents and learning objectives Metals are extracted and refined from highly impure ore minerals for their industrial applications. Mineral beneficiation is the first step to enrich the valuable ores for subsequent metallurgical operations. Extractive metallurgy is the science and technology of producing metals and metal compounds from the beneficiated ores. The course is designed not only for the undergraduate level of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy but can also be useful to a wider audience including the experts working for the exploitation of mineral resources. The main focus of this course is on the introduction of the basic principles and their application to commercial practices rather than the theoretical and physicochemical fundamentals. The course covers the basic principles of various unit processes for the comminution and concentration of ores, the extraction of metals, their separation and recovery with emphasis on the applications to the mineral processing and the extractive metallurgy of nonferrous metals.

The content of the lab tour and practices of Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy under this program, is explicitly aimed at providing an exposure and hands- on experience to the underlying principles and processes in the laboratory with the potential implementation possibilities  Subjects Covered o Introduction and basic principles o Ore comminution, Screening and classification, Concentration o Pyro & Hydrometallurgical extraction of metals o Separation, Reduction, and Recovery of metals o Lab tour and practice  Course Requirements: Prerequisite o Background in general chemistry, physical chemistry, thermodynamics

 Day 2. Extractive metallurgy & Lab Tour- Dr. Hyunsik Park/ Dr. Jae- chun Lee/ Dr. Sujeong Lee/ Dr. Doyun Shin (April 24)

 Mineral processing o Comminution: Size reduction by crushing and grinding, a step for liberating the useful minerals from the gangue minerals o Separation of minerals from the gangue: Gravity separation, Magnetic separation, Flotation

 Extractive metallurgy o Pyrometallurgical process: Briquetting and Sintering, Smelting of ores and e-wastes, Refining of metals o Hydrometallurgical process: Leaching, Hydrolytic precipitation, Solvent Extraction, Ion-exchange resin, Electro-winning/refining o Biohydrometallurgical process: iron/sulfur oxidizing bacteria, biooxidation, heap bioleaching, copper bioleaching, refractory gold ore pretreatment o Geometallurgy: Integration of geological and metallurgical information to optimize parameters that are important for processing

 Course Requirements: Prerequisite o Mineral characterization o Analytical Chemistry o Thermodynamics

 Day 3. Extractive metallurgy / Carbon Resource Recycling Appropriate Technology (April 25)

 Summary of topic contents and learning objectives - Extractive metallurgy Metals are extracted and refined from highly impure ore minerals for their industrial applications. Mineral beneficiation is the first step to enrich the valuable ores for subsequent metallurgical operations. Extractive metallurgy is the science and technology of producing metals and metal compounds from the beneficiated ores. The course is designed not only for the undergraduate level of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy but can also be useful to a wider audience including the experts working for the exploitation of mineral resources. The main focus of this course is on the introduction of the basic principles and their application to commercial practices rather than the theoretical and physicochemical fundamentals. The course covers the basic principles of various unit processes for the comminution and concentration of ores, the extraction

of metals, their separation and recovery with emphasis on the applications to the mineral processing and the extractive metallurgy of nonferrous metals.

 Subjects Covered o Introduction and basic principles o Ore comminution, Screening and classification, Concentration o Pyro & Hydrometallurgical extraction of metals o Separation, Reduction, and Recovery of metals o Lab tour and practice  Course Requirements: Prerequisite o Background in general chemistry, physical chemistry, thermodynamics  Summary of topic contents and learning objectives- Carbon Resource Recycling Appropriate Technology Carbon mineralization technology is a technology to form carbonates by reacting mineral and inorganic by products containing alkali substances such as calcium with carbon dioxide, and it is a technology to store and reduce carbon dioxide for long-term stable operation. This course provides Carbon mineralization technology basis about CO2 capture and utilization and Carbon Resource Recycling Appropriate Technology. We will discuss various strategies to build a sustainable society to cope with climate change in other countries by utilizing this technology.  Strategies for a sustainable society to cope with climate change o CO2 Mitigation and adoption Technology for Climate change o Strategies to climate change by Carbon Resource Recycling Appropriate Technology o KIGAM'S CCUS(Carbon Capture Utilization & Storage) Technology  Carbon Resource Recycling Appropriate Technology o Introduction of Carbon Resource Recycling Appropriate Technology - Green Cement Technology - In-situ PCC Technology - Backfill of exhausted Mine - Climate change & Water resources o Basis of Carbon Mineralization Technology related to GHC(Green House Gas) reduction o Applied overseas Carbon Mineralization appropriate technology  Applied overseas Carbon Resource Recycling Appropriate Technology o Case study on overseas project with KIGAM's Carbon resource recycling appropriate technology

About the instructor (Module 1) – Prof. Dr. Franco Pirajno He is a senior geoscientist in the Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA) and Adjunct Professor at the Centre for Exploration Targeting (University of Western Australia). In his career, Franco Pirajno gained considerable experience in tectonics, ore deposit geology and mineral exploration in Europe, southern Africa, South East Asia, New Zealand, the southwest Pacific, China, Greenland, southern Siberia and Australia. Prior to joining the GSWA in 1993, worked for the Anglo American Corporation of South Africa Ltd, as Exploration Geologist, following his research doctoral degree at the University Federico II of Naples and a spell as a post-doctoral research scientist at the Vesuvius Volcano Observatory. He participated and supervised exploration projects in many parts of southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, the South West Pacific islands and Indonesia. In 1983 he appointed to the Chair of Economic Geology at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. As the director of MSc courses at Rhodes, he was involved in research on precious metals and base metals mineral deposits in Namibia and South Africa. The MSc courses in Exploration Geology and in Economic Geology (course + research) were very intensive and professionally orientated. Under his direction, the emphasis of these courses was on field-based studies of ore deposits, their genesis and tectonic settings. This afforded the unique opportunity of examining and studying a great number and range of mineral systems in the southern African subcontinent. In the last 20 years he worked extensively in Western Australia’s Proterozoic terranes and was instrumental in the discovery of a new large igneous province in Australia. He was a visiting professor at Peking University in 2003 and China University of Geosciences, Beijing in 2004. As the holder of the “Distinguished Foreign Professor” he was posted at Hefei University of Technology. In January 2015, Franco Pirajno was awarded China’s most prestigious awards for foreign scientists – International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Award - personally delivered by Premier Xi Jinping. Associate Editor 2008-2016 for the Australian Journal of Earth Sciences and on the Editorial Board of Russian Geology and Geophysics; recently appointed Associate Editor for Gondwana Research. Appointed Editor-in-Chief of Ore Geology Reviews in May 2012, and the series editor of Solid Earth Sciences (Springer) in November 2012, the member of the steering committee of the Large Igneous Provinces Working Group. Since 2003, he intensely engaged in field work and studies of geology and mineral deposits in Australia, China and parts of southern Siberia. Supervised and/or reviewed 58 MSc and PhD theses. He is the author of four text books, and co-author of a monograph on the metallogeny of New Zealand, three chapters in edited books, more than 180 peer-reviewed papers, Guest Editor of 5 special issues of international journals and author of 66 mining/exploration reports.

About the instructor (Module 3) – Dr. Antonio Arribas Born in Madrid (Spain), Antonio Arribas obtained his B.A. and M.Sc. degrees in Geology from the University of Salamanca, Spain, where he taught at the Institute of Applied Geology. In 1986, a Fulbright fellowship allowed Antonio to conduct Ph.D. research at the University of Michigan on the geology and origin of epithermal deposits in southeastern Spain. This dissertation led to a career dedicated to the geology of and exploration for base- and precious-metal deposits, starting with a post-doctoral stay at the Geological Survey of Japan to study active and extinct mineralized volcanic-hydrothermal systems in the Pacific Rim region.

Antonio joined industry in 1996 with the Long-Term Generative Group of Placer Dome Exploration in San Jose, California. He has held a variety of positions, including Exploration Manager for South America with Placer Dome, Chief Geologist-Exploration with Newmont Mining Corp., based in Denver, Colorado, and Vice-president Geosciences with BHPBilliton Exploration based in Singapore. Before joining Akita University in Japan in 2016 as a Professor at the Faculty of International Resource Sciences, Antonio was adjunct researcher at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia and the University of Michigan, USA. Since 2015 he is a member of the Board of Directors of Auryn Resources Inc., a Vancouver-based junior exploration company.

Antonio has enjoyed serving in several professional societies, including the Geological Society of America, where he served on a couple of committees, and the Society of Economic Geologists. He was President of the Society in 2013.

About the instructor (Module 3) – Dr. Jae-chun Lee Dr. Jae-chun Lee is currently a Principal Researcher in the Mineral Resources Research Division at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) and an adjunction professor in Resources Recycling Engineering at the Korea University of Science & Technology. Dr. Lee received his B.S. in metallurgical engineering, M.S. and Ph.D. in Hydrometallurgy from Hanyang University, Korea. His research deals with leaching, separation and purification of metals from primary and secondary resources, and material preparation by aqueous processing. His current research focuses on the recycling of valuable metals from industrial wastes such as waste electric and electronic equipments (WEEEs) by hydrometallurgical routes. He has authored over 250 articles in peer-reviewed journals. In 1998 he received the Honda Award from the Clean Japan Center for the recycling technology of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). He was awarded the Order of Science and Technology Merit in recognition of outstanding contributions to the recycling technology in Korea in 2008.

Dr. Jae-chun Lee was elected as a member of Materials and Energy Division, the National Academy of Engineering of Korea (NAEK) in 2015 and Foreign Fellow, The Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) in 2013. He is currently an Associate Editor of Hydrometallurgy.

About the instructor (Module 3) – Dr. Sujeong Lee Sujeong Lee is a professional mineralogist with a range of interdisciplinary research experiences predominantly related to electron microscopy (MLA, SEM, (S)TEM, HRTEM and HVEM). Dr. Lee has worked with geologists, mineral processing engineers, ceramists, metallurgists and materials scientists at prominent universities and government-backed research institutes. She has developed experimental skills, as well as understanding various minerals, alloys, industrial byproducts, geopolymers, nanomaterials and ceramic materials. She is also gaining experiences in process mineralogy to raise funds and conduct research as a team leader or a member on coal cleaning, mineral sands, Pb ores, Zn ores, Cu-Co ores and geopolymers projects at KIGAM.

About the instructor (Module 3) – Dr. Jiwhan Ahn Dr. Jiwhan Ahn is working as a head in Center for carbon mineralization, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, KIGAM, President for Korea Institute of Limestone & Advanced Materials (KILAM), Vice President of Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering and Vice President of Korea Institute of Resources and Recycling. Dr. Ahn is CTCN-KIGAM representative of South Korea. She is a professor of Resource Recycling department in UST(University of Science and Technology). In KIGAM, she has 29 years research experience and she started the multidisciplinary research areas and developed new novel technologies. She received many awards for her research excellence. National Science Merit(Presidential Citation Award), The Excellent Research award from Ministry of Knowledge Economy and The First Women Ceramist award etc.

About the instructor (Module 3) – Dr. Hoon Lee Dr. Hoon Lee is a senior researcher in the Mineral Resources Research Division at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) and an associate professor in Resources Recycling Engineering at the Korea University of Science & Technology. Dr. Lee received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. in mineral processing from Seoul National University, Korea. After Ph.D. study, he took post-doctoral research position at Energy and Mineral

Engineering of Penn State University, USA for one year and joined the department of mineral processing at KIGAM in 2011. His research topic is the process design and numerical modelling of grinding/separation and he is carrying out a lot of researches related on typical mineral processing and computational simulation.

About the instructor (Module 3) – Dr. Kwanho Kim Dr. Kwanho Kim is a senior researcher of DMR convergence research center at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM). Dr. Kim received his Ph.D. in mineral processing from Seoul National University, Korea in 2010. After Ph. D. study, he joined the department of mineral processing at KIGAM in 2010. His major research interest is the grinding/separation process including process monitoring system. He is currently working on the project about development of beneficiation process for various metallic minerals and flotation monitoring system using machine vision system.

About the instructor (Module 3) – Dr. Jihoe Kwon Dr. Jihoe Kwon is a senior researcher in the Geo-ICT Convergence Research Department at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM). Dr. Kwon received his Ph.D. in mineral processing from Seoul National University, Korea in 2012. After Ph.D. study, he took post- doctoral research position at School of Mathematical Sciences at Monash University, Australia for one year. He also worked as a BK assistant professor at Seoul National University from 2013 to 2017. Then he joined the Geo-ICT Convergence Research Department at KIGAM in 2017. His major research interest is to simulate particle-laden flows in which many numerical issues were related. He is working on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and discrete element methods (DEM), and have many publications related to the issues. Also, he has conducted many researches on crushing and grinding process design.

About the instructor (Module 3) – Dr. Hyunsik Park Dr. Hyunsik Park is a senior researcher in the Mineral Resources Research Division at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM). His research interest lies on the high temperature mineral processing, ferrous/non-ferrous metallurgy, molten slag chemistry, slag valorisation, coal based iron-making process, sinter/coke making process, blast furnace operation, recycling waste materials by pyro-metallurgical process. Dr. Park received his B.S. in metallurgical engineering

and M.S. in Materials Science and Engineering from Yonsei University in 2006. He studied chemical metallurgy for Ph.D. at School of Materials Science and Engineering of University of New South Wales, Australia. After he finished Ph.D. study in 2014, he joined Urban Mining Department at KIGAM. He is currently working on the project about recycling of industrials wastes from mining and smelting processes. Dr. Park’s research capability was obtained by enthusiasm for science and his industrial background. His working experience at copper smelter strengthened the practical knowledge on overall metallurgical processes.

About the instructor (Module 3) – Dr. Doyun Shin Dr. Doyun Shin is a senior researcher in the Mineral Resources Research Division at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) and an assistant professor in Resources Recycling Engineering at the Korea University of Science & Technology. Her research interest lies on a biohydrometallurgical process to recover valuable metals from low-grade ores and secondary resources, especially enhancement of the process by using biotechnological tools. Dr. Shin received her B.S. in environmental biology from Catholic University of Korea at 2003 and Ph.D. in environmental biotechnology from Seoul National University at 2010. After Ph.D. study, she joined Metal Recovery Department at KIGAM in 2010. She was also a research associate in Department of Mining and Geological Engineering at University of Arizona, USA, in 2017.