SFG1596 KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

VMGPs: Final Report Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

October 6, 2015

Public Disclosure Authorized VMGP Development Facilitated by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd: The participatory Development Consultants: [email protected]

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page i

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Table of Contents

Abbreviations ...... iv Executive Summary ...... v Cost Estimates for Financing VMGPs ...... viii Accessible Procedures for Addressing Grievances by the VMGs ...... viii Tentative Mechanisms and Benchmarks for PM&E ...... ix 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Description of the Project Area and KCDP Development Objectives ...... 1 1.2 Project Components ...... 1 2. Review of the Legal and Institutional Framework Applicable to VMGs ...... 2 2.1 Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups (VMGs) in the Project Area...... 2 2.2 Legal and Institutional Framework Applicable to VMGs in Kenya ...... 3 2.2.1 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010: Affirmative action for minority and marginalized communities ...... 3 2.2.2 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010: Devolution as a constitutional mechanism for service provision to VMGs ...... 4 2.2.3 Constitution of Kenya, 2010: Commission for Revenue Allocation and the Equalization Fund as mechanisms for fast tracking the integration or marginalized areas into mainstream social and economic life of Kenya as a whole ...... 4 2.2.4 VMG communities at the Kenyan Coast and the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 ...... 4 2.3 Summary of Key Findings of the Social Assessment (SA) ...... 5 2.3.1 Socio-demographic profile ...... 5 2.3.2 Socio-cultural and political characteristics of the coastal VMGs and their livelihood bases 10 2.3.3 Key stakeholders in the KCDP project ...... 12 2.4 Summary of Results of the Free, Prior and Informed Consultations with VMGs that Led to Broad Community Support for KCDP ...... 14 2.5 A Framework for Free, Prior and Informed Consultations with VMGs during Project Implementation ...... 15 2.5.1 Culturally appropriate process for consultations with VMGs at each stage of KCDP implementation ...... 15 2.5.2 A framework for the participation and consultations with VMGs in a gender and intergenerationally inclusive manner during VMGP implementation ...... 16 3. Action Plan of Measures to Ensure VMGs Receive Culturally Appropriate Social and Economic Benefits 17 3.1 The Methodology and Process Used to Develop the VMGPs ...... 17 3.2 The Actions and Measures for Ensuring Culturally Appropriate Social and Economic Benefits to VMGs ...... 19 4. Potential Positive and Adverse Impacts of KCDP Actions on VMGs ...... 19 4.1 Potential Positive Impacts of KCDP on VMGs ...... 20 4.2 Potential Adverse Impacts on VMGs communities ...... 20 4.3 Actions and Measures to Mitigate Potential Adverse Impacts of KCDP on VMGs ...... 21 4.4 Examples of CS and CL Projects Proposed by VMGs ...... 23 5. Cost Estimates and Financing Plan for KCDP Support to VMGs ...... 29 5.1 Defining KCDP Support to VMGs ...... 29 5.1.1 CS projects ...... 29 5.1.2 CL projects ...... 29 5.1.3 Decision on CS and CL projects to be supported by KCDP ...... 29

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page ii

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

5.2 Cost estimates of the VMGP to be Financed by KCDP ...... 30 For planning purposes, a single CS project is valued at KShs 300 Million while a single CL project is valued at Kshs 400,000. Table 22 presents a summary of the cost of the VMGP that is to be supported by KCDP. Tables 23 and 24 present the breakdown of the cost of financing the CS and CL projects respectively...... 30 6. Implementation Roadmap ...... 31 7. Accessible Procedures for Addressing Grievances by Affected VMGs Communities during Implementation (GRM)...... 31 7.1 Level 1: Grievance Redress for Disputes between VMGs and the KCDP ...... 32 7.2 Level 2: Grievance Redress for Disputes between or among VMGs ...... 32 8. Monitoring and Evaluation Arrangements for the Project ...... 35 8.1 Purpose of the [tentative] monitoring and evaluation mechanism and benchmarks ...... 35 8.2 Tentative M&E Benchmarks and Implementation Plan for KCDP Supported VMGP ...... 35 Annexes ...... 39 Annex 1: The Comprehensive VMGP and Cost Estimates ...... 39 8.2.1 Livelihoods, Economic and Cultural Support Projects ...... 64 Annex 2: Terms of Reference ...... 107 Annex 3: References ...... 110 Annex 4: Photo Gallery: Some Scenes from the VMGP Development Process ...... 111 Annex 5: List of Participants to the VMGP planning sessions ...... 112

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page iii

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Abbreviations

CBO Community Based Organization CDA Coast Development Authority CIDP County Integrated development Plan CIG Common Interest Group CL Community Livelihoods CLO Community Liaison Officer CoE Council of Elders COK Constitution of Kenya, 2010 CRA Commission on Revenue Allocation CTC County Technical Committee GCHM Grievance and Complaints Handling Mechanism GEO Global Environmental Objective GoK Government of Kenya GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HMP Hazina ya Maendeleo ya Pwani ICM Integrated Coast Management IDA International Development Association IGA Income Generating Activity IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan IPPF Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework KCDP Kenya Coast Development Project KEFRI Kenya Forestry Research Institute KFS Kenya Forest Service KMFRI Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute KNBS Kenya National Bureau of Statistics KES Kenya Shillings KWS Kenya Wildlife Service M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MPC Micro-Project Committee (at the village level) MSME Micro, Small and Medium-scale Enterprises NEMA National Environment Management Authority NMK National Museums of Kenya OP 4.10 [World Bank Social Safeguards) Operational Policy No. 4.10 – Indigenous Peoples PDO Project development Objective PIC Project Implementation Committee PICD Participatory Integrated Community Development SA Social Assessment SDF State Department of Fisheries SIA Social Impact Assessment SSE Small Scale Enterprises TF Task Force ToR Terms of Reference UNICEF United Nations children’s Fund VMG Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups VMGDC Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups Development Committee VMGP Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups Plan WHO World Health Organization

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page iv

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Executive Summary

Background to the VMGP development:The Government of Kenya (GoK), with financing from the World Bank, established the Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP) as a vehicle for accelerating the conservation and sustainable utilization of the coastal and marine resources and systems in the coastal region of Kenya. KCDP focuses on the marine, inshore and coastal environment and promotes policy, legislative and institutional reform geared at increasing revenue, productivity, incomes and quality of life for the poor. The project became effective in June 2011 and is scheduled to come to an end in October 2016.

During preparation of KCDP, it became clear that the project may lead to some impacts on the Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups (VMGs) in the coast region.These are VMGs whose livelihoods, to a great extent, depend on natural resources within their environments. Restrictions regarding entry to forests and other natural resources areas can therefore result in adverse effects on the livelihoods of such communities.

Summary of the Social Assessment (SA) findings: In order to address possible negative impacts and include VMGs in the project, KCDP undertook a Social Assessment (SA) which is essential for the development of project protocols and clear engagement mechanisms. Consequently, KCDP engaged the services of a consultant to conduct the SA. The objective of the SA was, first and foremost, to interrogate the challenges facing the VMGs and then develop VMG plans (VMGPs) that address the most immediate needs as identified and prioritised by them.Key findings of the SA included:

1. VMG communities in the project area: Seven VMG communities are found in five of the six counties that make up the coastal region of Kenya. They include: (i) Munyoyaya of Tana River County; (ii) WaIlwana of Tana River County: (iii) Waata of Tana River, Kilifi, Kwale and Taita Taveta counties; (iv) Aweer of Lamu County; (v) Sanye of Lamu County; (vi) Wakifundi of Kwale County; and, (vii) Wachwaka of Kwale County.

2. The socio-cultural characteristics and livelihood bases of VMGs: Majority of the VMGs can be categorized as poor, with no reliable source of income and to a large extent, depend on natural resources for their livelihoods and income. Many of the groups do not engage in meaningful income generating activities due to high levels of poverty and lack of external support. They depend on forest resources for honey, firewood, charcoal (for income) and medicinal plants. They also use forests as places of worship and performance of rituals. In addition most VMGs also practice subsistence farming while others are involved in small scale businesses but lack capital and skills to profitably engage in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). VMGs that live within close proximity of fish landing beaches are involved in fishing activities but do not receive adequate income from fish harvests due to lack of modern fishing equipment and knowledge.

3. Socio-demographic profile of VMGs: A majority of VMGs (80%) in the five counties - Kwale, Kilifi, Taita Taveta, Tana River and Lamu - had attained primary school education while only 8% had attained secondary school education. Majority (76%) of the VMG communities lived in hut type houses made of mud walls and grass thatched roofs using palm leaves or Makuti as they are known locally. 71-97% of VMGs rely on firewood as their main source of energy. Membership to groups was a main lifestyle in the VMG communities and most of the groups at the community level are registered with the department of Social Development. VMGs have clearly defined gender and age differentiated roles in the livelihood activities that they were engaged. These include small scale income generating activities mainly dominated by women and livestock keeping dominated by men. However, many of the groups did not engage in meaningful income generating activities due high levels of poverty and lack of external support.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page v

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Legal and institutional frameworks applicable to VMGs: In Kenya, the legal and institutional frameworks applicable to VMGs is the Constitution of Kenya, 2010, which has a number of provisions on how the State should deal with minorities and marginalized groups, including all groups covered by the World Bank’s OP 4.10. Some of the key provisions of the constitution that relate to minorities and marginalized groups include: (i) article27 which prohibits the State from discriminating against anybody on the basis of ethnic or social background or language among other provisions; article 56 which mandates the state to undertake affirmative action programmes to fast track the integration of minority and marginalized communities into the mainstream social and economic life of Kenya; article 100 which mandates Parliament to enact legislation for ensuring representation in Parliament of minority and marginalized communities among other groups;article 260 which defines who the minority and marginalized groups are (and includes groups covered under the World Bank’s OP 4.10); article 204(1) which establishes the Equalization Fund for fast tracking development of basic services such as the provision of water, health facilities, roads and electricity to marginalized areas to bring them to per with other areas of Kenya; article 174(e) which mandates the county governments to protect and promote the rights of minorities and marginalized communities.

The process of free, prior and informed consultations with VMGs that led to broad support for the project: Three actions by KCDP led to broad support by VMGs for the project. They included: (i) the Social Assessment (SA) in which a sample of VMG villages participated actively; (ii) SA validation workshop in which representatives of VMGs from the sample villages had the opportunity to discuss the SA findings, make amendments and give their approval for the findings; and (iii) preparation of this Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups Plan (VMGP), the equivalent of IPP, which saw VMG representatives from 73 villages, with each village being represented by a total of 8 people, undertake the identification, prioritization and budgeting for their preferred and culturally appropriate social, economic/livelihoods and micro-enterprise projects.

Actions and measures have been proposed for ensuring culturally appropriate social and economic benefits to VMGs.Five key measures and actions have been proposed by VMGs for ensuring social, economic and cultural benefits to them. These include actions to: (i) enhance and strengthen the livelihood and economic capabilities of the VMGs in order to lift them out of poverty; (ii) fast track implementation of social service projects that are aimed at bringing VMGs to per with other communities in the coast of Kenya (if not better) in the immediate to medium term basis; (iii) enable implementation of culturally appropriate projects that are aimed at preserving and promoting cultural practices and income generation for VMGs; (iv)ensure capacity building of VMGs in support of each of the three key measures above. (These are activities aimed at ensuring that the VMGs access maximum returns and benefits from each group of micro projects that have been proposed in this plan; and (v) ensure the free, prior and informed consultations with VMGs to enable their involvement and participation at every step of the VMGP implementation. To this end, a three step institutional framework has been proposed for the inclusion and participation of all VMGs in the VMGP implementation.

Potential positive impacts of KCDP on the VMGs have been identified.They include: (i) implementation of culturally appropriate livelihood and economic micro-projects based on their current livelihood practices which would go a long way in helping to lift them out of poverty. Such micro-projects would also create employment and enable gainful engagement for VMG youths and adults in equal measure; (ii) Support to community level social service projects such as health, education, water and infrastructure micro-projects; (iii) Support for cultural aspirations of VMGs through the construction/renovation of Cultural Centres and eco-tourism ventures; and (iv) Capacity building of to enable them enhance their ‘technical’ and management knowhow in relation to the micro-projects that KCDP will support them to implement. In this way, KCDP will enable them to increase their productive capacities.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page vi

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Potential adverse impacts of KCDP on VMG swere also identified. They include: (i) Adverse impacts on their livelihood and economic bases from restricted access to forestry, wildlife and fisheries resources which relate to components one and two of the project; (ii) Enhanced vulnerability resulting from restricted access to natural resources in which they depend for livelihood and income:

A number of actions and measures have been proposed for mitigatingthe potential adverse impacts of KCDP on VMGs. They include: (i)ThisVMGPwhich has proposed a number of alternative livelihoods, social and economic strategies that if implemented as planned would contribute to lifting the VMGs out of poverty while at the same time contributing in the long term to bring them to per with other communities in the coastal region of Kenya in terms of education and general socio-economic development; (ii) Hazina ya Maendeleo ya Pwani which is a grant fund that is accessible to all coastal communities targeted by KCDP including the VMGs. VMGs will be encouraged to prepare proposals so as to benefit from this grant fund; and, (iii) Inclusion of VMGs in the co-management activities under components one and two of KCDP.

The methodology and process used to develop the VMGPs: The VMGP which is the equivalent of IPP, was developed in a highly participatory manner. It involved consultations with VMGs at three levels: (i) during the social assessment; (ii) during the validation of the SA results; and, (iii) more exhaustively, during the preparation of this plan which saw the VMGs literally take charge of the development of the plan. Following the SA and the validation of its findings, the VMGP was developed during four sessions of three days each. It is the result of team work among the VMGs, the county government experts and KCDP technical experts.

In order to develop the VMGPs, the VMGs first worked in their village groups to identify and prioritize their needs and aspirations. In this regard, each set of VMG village representatives - composed of representatives of the youth, female headed households, women, people living with disabilities, men, council of elders, special interest groups such as CBOs and headman – undertook their own village level identification and prioritization of micro projects. Consultations by village groupswere facilitated by KCDP staff comprising County Liaison Officers, Component Managers, HMP Management Team and Technical Coordinators. Similarly, respective county government experts lent support to the planning process.

Secondly, priority projects identified by VMG village groups were clustered into main topics – CS and CL projects - comprising 8 sub-projects. The CS sub-projects were in the education, water and health sectors while the CL projects were in the fields of livestock, agriculture, fisheries, micro-enterprises and eco-tourism and cultural centre ventures. VMGs worked with respective county government and KCDP experts to prepare budgets for each of the priority sub-projects. Final prioritization of CS projects per VMG community was undertaken in plenary where each community was asked to decide on the one most desired CS project to be funded by KCDP in the first year of implementation. It is on this basis that KCDP arrived at the 10 CS projects that it intends to support in the remaining timeframe of the project (see table 1 below). On the other hand, final prioritization of the CL projects will be undertaken by KCDP and VMGs during the village disclosure fora.

Finally, officials from participating County governments and KMFRI participated either in the opening or closing sessions of the planning workshops. In Kilifi where three VMGP development sessions were held, the workshops were opened by the Kilifi County Commissioner and KMFRI Director. In Lamu, the workshop was opened by the Lamu County Commissioner and closed by the Governor of Lamu County. In all cases, the development of the VMGPs were overseen by the KCDP Project Co-ordinator, Component Managers and HMP Teamwho were at hand to give clarifications to VMGs on the direction of the program and make commitments to them on behalf of the project.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page vii

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

The VMGPs provide a clear road map on the needs and aspirations of the VMGs. They present measures and actions to be taken in order to strengthen and enhance the social, livelihoods and economic visions of the VMGs so as to uplift their quality of life. The plans are also a measure for mitigating any perceived adverse effects that may result from the implementation of KCDP since they present alternative livelihood strategies for the VMGs. In addition, the VMGPs provide clear mechanisms for sustainably engaging the local communities (VMGs) to participate and benefit from the project’s interventions and investments. The proposed support by KCDP will contribute to fast tracking the inclusion and integration of the VMGs into the mainstream social and economic life of Kenya as envisaged by article 56 of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010.

Cost Estimates for Financing VMGPs

During the four planning sessions, stakeholders (VMGs, KCDP and County Government experts) developed a comprehensive VMGP that, if implemented (by a combination of support agencies including national and county governments), would be capable of lifting VMGs out of poverty and bringing them to per with other communities in the coastal region and the rest of rural Kenya as a whole. Nevertheless, due to funding limitations and the limited timeframe within which KCDP needs to offer support to VMGs prior to the scheduled end of the project in October 2016, it became prudent for KCDP to define the nature and magnitude of support that the project can offer to VMGs. In this regard, KCDP proposes to implement 10 CS and 219 CL projects during the remaining timeframe of the project.

A summary of the proposed projects and budget are presented in Tables 1 below.These have been decided upon, based on the priority CS and livelihood projects as defined by the VMGs in the comprehensive VMGP. They constitute about 11% of the comprehensive budget that was developed by stakeholders. Prior to start of implementation, these will be disclosed for confirmation and adoption by VMGs during the proposed village forums.

Table 1: Proposed KCDP support for CS projects Project Types Total Number of Projects Approximate Cost of to be supported Projects (Mio KShs) *Support to CS 10** 310 Support to CL 219*** 87.6 Sub Total 397.6 ****Approximate Administrative cost @ 10% 39.76 GRAND TOTAL 437.36 * The cost includes the KShs 10 Million (2 Million per county) set aside for hydrogeological surveys for all water projects. ** 1 priority CS project per VMG community *** 3 priority CL projects per VMG village **** This comprises the cost of developing the technical designs, Bills of Quantity, Necessary approvals, Environmental Impact Assessment

The comprehensive VMGP is in Annex 1 of this report.

Accessible Procedures for Addressing Grievances by the VMGs

A two strategy process is proposed for the resolution of any grievances and disputes that may arise in the course of implementing this VMGP. They include: (i) strategy for resolving grievances between KCDP and the VMGs. The strategy has a twofold internal mechanism consisting of proactive and reactive approaches, with the reactive approach having four steps including recourse to legal and judicial

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page viii

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

processes according to the laws of Kenya; (ii) cultural strategies for resolving disputes among the VMGs according to the respective cultural dispute resolution mechanisms of each participating VMG community. Each VMG community in the project area were found to have strong traditional/cultural governance structures based on the Council of Elders system and which they indicated were their preferred mode for conflict resolution in the course of implementing this VMGP. According to most communities, any community member who refuses to accept the verdict of the cultural “courts” is cursed by the elders and the community, and is free to seek redress through legal and judicial means. This principle will be applied to grievance resolution in this project.

Tentative Mechanisms and Benchmarks for PM&E

Monitoring and Evaluation are an integral part of the proposed VMGPs. The basic purpose of monitoring and evaluation should not be to prove the success or failure of the project, but to improve the design and implementation strategies and techniques and to guide the VMGs, County Governments and KCDP teams towards achieving the objectives, vision, mission and goals with regard to this action plan. The overall goal of the proposed M&E plan is to ensure that effective communication and consultation takes place between the project and the VMGs and that all three categories of stakeholders (KCDP, VMGs and respective county governments are working as a team and are accountable to each other. In this regard, the proposed monitoring, evaluation and implementation plan will enable stakeholders to: (i). undertake timely reporting and resolution of grievances; (ii) document the performance of the VMGP implementation; and (iii) recommend strategies for improving approaches, design and implementation arrangements.

Based on the purpose, objectives and goals of M&E, the tentativemonitoring, evaluation and implementation plan included in this report presents a framework which gives details of the strategies for achieving the M&E goals and objectives, the objectively verifiable indicators for measuring the implementation performance, as well as the sources of verification and timeframes for implementation of the various activities. Details of the proposed M&E and implementation plan are in section8of this report. The plan will be adapted by KCDP as implementation progresses and as the project learns lessons based on ground realities. The plan will be applied towards implementing the priority project activities that are to be financedby KCDP within the remaining timeframe of the project.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page ix

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

1. Introduction

1.1 Description of the Project Area and KCDP Development Objectives

The Kenyan coast resource base and context: The coastal and marine areas in Kenya are endowed with a rich diversity of tropical marine and coastal systems including (i) coral reefs; (ii) sea-grass beds; (iii) mangroves; (iv) Offshore and near-shore marine species; and (v) cultural heritage. The coastal communities depend on these resources for their livelihood as well as socio-cultural and medicinal needs. Despite the rich endowment with these natural resources, the coastal areas are characterized by extreme poverty and inequity.

Threats to sustainable utilization of coastal marine resources: The Kenyan coastal resource base is heavily degraded due to population pressures, unsustainable exploitation methods and weak governance. As a result of the heavy degradation, the coastal and marine resources in Kenya are facing a number of threats including: (a) open access to marine fisheries resulting in overexploitation; (b) insufficient skills, knowledge, and institutions to promote sustainable use and management of coastal and offshore fisheries; (c) unregulated coastal development posing serious problems of access to fishers; (d) inadequate scientific understanding of the status of the fishery (in particular, the offshore fishery resources) and biodiversity in general, and factors affecting them; (e) unsustainable and overexploitation of the coastal mangrove forests.

The purpose of KCDP: It is against the foregoing context that the Government of Kenya, with financial support from the World Bank, established the Kenya Coast Development Project (KCDP) as a vehicle for accelerating the conservation and sustainable utilization of the coastal and marine resources and systems. KCDP focuses on the marine, inshore and coastal environment and promotes policy, legislative and institutional reform geared at increasing revenue, productivity, incomes and quality of life for the poor. The project became effective in June 2011 and is scheduled to come to an end in October 2016.

Development objectives of KCDP: According to the Project Implementation Manual 2011 (updated March 2013), the Project Development Objective (PDO) of KCDP is to improve management effectiveness and enhance revenue generation of Kenya’s coastal and marine resources. The Project has the mandate of promoting environmentally sustainable and equitable growth among coastal populations in targeted areas through improved livelihoods and value addition. The Global Environmental Objective (GEO) of the project is to strengthen conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal biodiversity. The project is designed to achieve it development objectives by strengthening the capacity of existing relevant government agencies and by enhancing the capacity of rural micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in selected coastal communities.

1.2 Project Components

The project aims to achieve its development objectives by strengthening the capacity of existing relevant government agencies and rural micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSME) in selected coastal communities. It is designed to achieve its development objectives through four complementary components including:

Component 1: Sustainable Management of Fisheries Resources whose objective is to increase remote revenue earning potential of GoK through sound monitoring, control and surveillance and a transparent process of licensing of foreign vessels. Other goals are to promote research for value addition, market chain analysis, alternative fishing beyond the reef, aquaculture and overall improvement of fisheries governance. VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 1

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Component 2: Sound Management of Natural Resources which aims to improve the sound management and regeneration of natural resources and biodiversity in the coastal and marine environment as well as provide assistance to communities in the development of eco-tourism ventures.

Component 3: Support for Alternative Livelihoods which aims to promote sustainable livelihood within a sound governance framework that includes spatial planning and land capability mapping to identify sensitive areas, Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), and compliance within environmental regulations and safeguards. Within this institutional framework, the component aims to support community investments and MSMEs.

Component 4: Capacity Building, Monitoring and Evaluation, Project Management and Communication and Hazina ya Maendeleo ya Pwani (HMP). This component aims to promote capacity in the project coordination and implementation teams, promote dialogue amongst national partners and regional stakeholders as well as develop a communication strategy for development outreach. HMP is a grant giving sub-component within component 4 of KCDP which aims at promoting community development by focusing on natural resources conservation, social wellbeing and provision of community services among the Coastal communities. HMP is currently structured into two grant windows:

a. Window 1: Grants to coastal communities to undertake natural resource management (NRM) sub projects; and, b. Window 2: Grants to coastal communities to undertake community service (CS) sub projects, which are projects that have high impact in a wide area of the affected communities.

The project is implemented by 7 agencies of the Government of Kenya (GoK). They include: (i) The Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI); (ii) State Department of Fisheries (SDF); (iii) Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS); (iv) Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI); (v) Coast Development Authority (CDA); (vi) Ministry of Lands (Department of Physical Planning); and, (vii) National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA). The activities of these agencies, within KCDP are coordinated by a centralized Project Coordinating Unit (PCU) based at KMFRI.

2. Review of the Legal and Institutional Framework Applicable to VMGs

2.1 Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups (VMGs) in the Project Area

KCDP targets poverty reduction in all the six counties that make up the coastal region of Kenya. During project appraisal, it became apparent that minority, vulnerable and marginalized groups might be found in the project area, necessitating OP 4.10 to be triggered for the project. For this reason, the project commissioned a Social Assessment (SA) to identify the VMGs in the project area and to assess the extent of impact of the project’s activities on their livelihoods and culture. The SA identified a total of 7 VMG communities in five of the six counties of the coastal region. The VMG communities and the counties in which they are found are presented in table 2below.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 2

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Table 2: VMGs in the coast of Kenya No VMG Community County 1. Waata Tana River Taita Taveta Kwale Kilifi 2. Aweer (Boni) Lamu 3. Sanye Lamu 4. Munyoyaya Tana River 5. WaIlwana (Malakote) Tana River 6. Wakifundi Kwale 7. Wachwaka Kwale

2.2 Legal and Institutional Framework Applicable to VMGs in Kenya

The Constitution of Kenya, 2010, is robust and all inclusive in its treatment of the IP issues as defined by OP 4.10. The groups and communities that are identifiable as IP by OP 4.10 are referred to as minority and marginalized groups. The constitutional also defines other vulnerable groups in society. For pragmatic reasons, the GoK and the World Bank have agreed to adopt the term Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups (VMGs) to refer to those groups of people who qualify for consideration as IPs in World Bank financed project that trigger OP 4.10. In this context, below are the legal and institutional provisions of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010, that are applicable to VMGs.

2.2.1 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010: Affirmative action for minority and marginalized communities

The Constitution of Kenya, 2010, provides the legal framework for dealing with minority and marginalized communities in Kenya. Article 27(4) prohibits the State from discriminating “…directly or indirectly against any person on the basis of …ethnic, social origin or language…” Article 56 of the Constitution of Kenya 2010, mandates the state to initiate and implement affirmative action for fast tracking the inclusion and integration of the minority and marginalized communities and groups into mainstream social and economic life of Kenya as a whole. The article states that the state shall put in place affirmative action programmes designed to ensure that minorities and marginalized groups:

a. Participate and are represented in governance and other spheres of life; b. Are provided special opportunities in educational and economic fields; c. Are provided special opportunities for access to employment d. Develop their cultural values, languages and practices; and, e. Have reasonable access to water, health services and infrastructure

Article 100 mandates Parliament to “…enact legislation to promote representation in parliament of (d) ethnic and minorities; and (d) marginalized communities. Similarly, article 260 (a), (b) and (c) of the Constitution of Kenya 2010, defines marginalized communities as:

a. A community that, because of its relatively small population or for any other reason, has been unable to fully participate in the integral social and economic life of Kenya as a whole;

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 3

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

b. A traditional community that, out of a need or desire to preserve its unique culture and identity from assimilation, has remained outside the integrated social and economic life of Kenya as a whole; c. An indigenous community that has retained and maintained a traditional lifestyle and livelihood based on a hunter/gatherer economy…

2.2.2 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010: Devolution as a constitutional mechanism for service provision to VMGs

The objectives and principles of devolution are presented in article 174 of the Constitution of Kenya 2010. The applicable sub-articles that are relevant and applicable to VMGs are:

 Article 174(d) which gives the objective of devolution as: to recognize the rights of communities to manage their own affairs and to further their own development;  Article 174(e) gives another objective of devolution as: to protect and promote the interests and rights of minorities and marginalized communities;  The objective of devolution as stated in article 174(f) is: to promote social and economic development and the provision of proximate, easily accessible services throughout Kenya;  Finally, the objective of devolution as stated in article 174(g) is: to ensure equitable sharing of national and local resources throughout Kenya

2.2.3 Constitution of Kenya, 2010: Commission for Revenue Allocation and the Equalization Fund as mechanisms for fast tracking the integration or marginalized areas into mainstream social and economic life of Kenya as a whole

Article 248 (2) (f) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010, establishes the Commission on Revenue Allocation (CRA) while article 204 (1) establishes the Equalization Fund which is half per cent (0.5%) of all the revenue collected by the national government each year. CRA and the related Equalization Fund have been established as the constitutional mechanism for fast tracking the inclusion and integration of minority and marginalized communities into mainstream social and economic life of Kenya as a whole. The objective of the equalization fund is to eradicate marginalization and other forms of economic inequalities in Kenya and to bring all groups into mainstream development within 20 years from the date of promulgation of the CoK, 2010. According to article 204(2) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010, The National Government shall use the Equalization Fund only to provide basic services including water, roads, health facilities and electricity to marginalized areas to the extent necessary to bring the quality of those services in those areas to the level generally enjoyed by the rest of the nation, so far as possible.

2.2.4 VMG communities at the Kenyan Coast and the Constitution of Kenya, 2010

All the seven (7) VMG communities found in the coast of Kenya qualify as minority and marginalized communities as defined by article 260 of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010, and therefore qualify for affirmative action programmes as provided by article 56 of the constitution. In this regard, through a participatory process involving all VMG villages in the six counties that are targeted by KCDP, the VMGs have proposed for KCDP financing, a number of livelihood and community service micro- projects. All of the proposed micro-projects (except primary and secondary schools micro-projectsfall under the constitutional and institutional mandate of the respective county governments according the Fourth Schedule Part 2, of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010. Implementation of any of the micro-projects that KCDP has identified for support will go a long way in enabling the GoK, both at the national and county levels, to fulfil its mandate under the constitution for affirmative action and service delivery to the minority and marginalized groups.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 4

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

2.3 Summary of Key Findings of the Social Assessment (SA)

The SA collected both quantitative and qualitative baseline information through a process of administration of questionnaires and focused group discussions with a sample of VMG households and communities respectively. The data contained quantified information on the socio-economic and socio- demographic characteristics of VMGs on the Kenyan coast. In addition, the SA obtained information on the views of various categories of VMGs on the potential impacts that the implementation of the various components of KCDP might have on them. Finally, the SA suggested mitigation measures and alternative support to theVMGs livelihood bases. Below is a summary of the findings of the SA.

2.3.1 Socio-demographic profile

Distribution of the Surveyed Population by Gender

Gender differentiation is often associated with division of labour and socio-economic roles played in livelihood acquisition. The analysis of the surveyed population by gender and by counties is as illustrated in the Table 3 below. Majority of the respondents in Kilifi (50%), Kwale (52%) and Tana River (54%) were females while those in Taita Taveta (53%) and Lamu (54%) were males.

Table 3: Distribution of Survey Population Gender Gender County Overall Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Project Area Male 103(49.8%) 169(48.1% 111(52.6%) 141(54.2%) 96(46.4%) 620(50.2%) Female 104(50.2% 182(51.9%) 100(47.4%) 119(45.8%) 111(53.5%) 616(49.8%) Total 207(100%) 351(100% 211(100%) 260(100%) 207(100%) 1236(100%)

Marital Status Table 4 below summarizes the marital status of surveyed VMGs respondents in the project area. In situations where couples work together, better social and financial capital would be achieved. Therefore civil status is an important determinant of resource mobilization.

Table 4: Marital Status of the Respondents Marital County Overall Status Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Project Area Married 120(58%) 112(33.3% 88(41.9%) 127(83%) 60(78%) 507(51.6%) Monogamous Married 18(8.7%) 27(8.0%) 11(5.2%) 5(3.3%) 8(10.5%) 69(7%) polygamous Single 28(13.5%) 165(49.1% 91(43.3%) 7(4.6%) 4(5.3% 295(30%) Separated 10(4.8%) 3(.9% 2(1.0 0 0 15(1.5%) Divorced 9(2.7% 5(3.3%) 1(1.3% 15(1.5%) Widowed 25(12.1%) 17(5.1% 18(8.6 8(5.2%) 3(3.9%) 71(7.2%) Widower 6(2.9) 3(.9% 1(0.7%) 0 10(1%) Total 207(100) 336(100% 210(100%) 153(100%) 76(100%) 982(100%)

Level of Education

Education ensures the population is empowered both socio economically and politically so people can participate in gainful activities and make informed decisions. The results in the Table 5 below show that over eighty (80) per cent of VMGs household members had attained primary education followed by

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 5

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

secondary education at 8 per cent, post-secondary education (1%) and University education (0.1 %). This result was corroborated by the responses from participants during VMG consultation process.

Table 5: Level of Education Attained Level of attained County Overall Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Project Area None 89(43.0%) 131(38.2%) 63(29%) 139(56.3%) 76(38.4%) 498(41.1%) Primary 105(50.7%) 165(48.1%) 139(64.1%) 96(38.9%) 101(51%) 606(50%) Secondary 13(6.3%) 41(12.0%0 13(6.0%) 10(4%) 18(9.1%) 95(7.8%) Post-Secondary 3(0.9%) 1(0.5%) 3(1.5%) 7(0.6%) Vocational Training 1(0.5%) 5(0.4%) University 3(0.9%) 2(0.8%) 1(0.1%) Total 207(100.0%) 343(100%) 217(100%) 247(100%) 198(100%) 1212(100%)

Livelihood bases of VMGs

Livelihood bases of a community are often considered an important determinant of socio economic status of a household. The more lucrative in terms of income, and the higher the number of sources of livelihood household head can engage in, the higher the welfare utilities enjoyed by the various households. Data analysed showed that across the counties, majority of VMG household members are small scale farmers who cultivate their own land or family land. Overall, the livelihood ventures undertaken by VMGs across the counties were found to include: (i) small scale enterprises (SSEs) by individual household members; (ii) group level income generating activities (IGAs) mainly dominated by women and youth; (iii) livestock rearing dominated by men, (iv) subsistence farming at the household level; and (v) small/artisanal fishery activities for those who live next to the coastline or near River Tana. Nevertheless, while most VMG households were engaged in one form of livelihood activity or the other, none was engaged in any meaningful or sustainable activity due to high levels of poverty and lack of external support.

These finding show that VMGs (Waata, Sanye, WaIlwana, Aweer/Boni) have shifted from their traditional occupation of hunting and gathering to subsistence farming. The shift could be attributed to restriction of access to the protected forests or forest reserves by the Government of Kenya. However, there was no evidence of efforts by the government to promote subsistence farming which is the mainstay of VMGs, or alternative livelihood strategies that could support such communities to adapt to a settled life that is not dependent on utilization of natural resources in a culturally appropriate way. Table 6 below presents the livelihood strategies that are being undertaken by VMGs in the coast of Kenya.

Table 6: Occupation of household Members Occupation County Overall Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Project Area No occupation 9(4.1%) 62(20.4%) 7(3.2%) 64(26.4%) 12(6.3%) 154(13.1%) Cultivates own land or 90(37.2%) 59(31.1%) 487(41.4%) 136(62.7%) 93(30.6%) 109(49.1%) family land Hunting and gathering 1(.5%) 10(3.3%) 9(4.1%) 11(4.5%) 12(1%) Unpaid domestic work 7(3.2%) 2(.7%) 1(.5%) 15(6.2%) 28(14.7%) 69(5.9%) Other none paid work 13(1.1%)

Casual paid work 34(15.7%) 44(14.5%) 38(17.1%) 10(4.1%) 20(10.5%) 158(13.4%) Unable to work 14(6.5% 87(28.6%) 52(23.4%) 22(9.1%) 69(36.3%) 248(21.1%) Other specify (SSEs) 11(5.1) 6(2%) 4(1.8% 26(10.7%) 1(0.5%) 26(2.2%) 89 5(2.3 2(0.9%) 4(1.7%) 1(0.5%) 8(0.7%) Total 217(100%) 304(100%) 222(100%) 242(100%) 190(100%) 1175(100%)

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 6

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

VMGs Economic Status

When asked to compare their economic status with those of other communities around them, the VMG respondents indicated that their economic status was below average in the project area as shown in table 7below.

Table 7: Economic status of VMG households Item description County Overall Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Project Area Below average 86(80.4%) 63(75.9%) 37(46.8%) 61(66.3%) 17(36.2%) 306(75.7%) Average 21(19.6%) 19(22.9%) 24(30.4%) 23(25%) 30(63.8%) 75(18.6%) Above average 1(1.2%) 18(22.8%) 8(8.7%) 23(5.7%) Total 107(100%) 83(100%) 79(100%) 92(100%) 47(100%) 404(100%)

Similarly, when respondents were further asked how they would rate their household income level based on their expenses, the results were as illustrated in the Table8 below.

Table 8: Household Income Level based on their Expenses Item description County Overall Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Project Area Usually not enough to cover 86(93.5%) 28(59.6%) 375(92.6%) 93(86.9%) 69(87.3%) 74(92.5%) important household expense Just enough to cover important 1(1.1%) 19(40.4%) 29(7.2%) 14(13.1%) 10(12.7%) 5(6.3%) household expenses Usually have some left after important 5(5.4%) 1(0.2%) household expenses Total 107(100%) 79(100%) 1(1.3%) 92(100%) 47(100%) 405(100%)

Household Environment

The physical characteristic of the shelter owned/occupied by a household is an important determinant of the socio economic status of household members, especially household head. It can also be used as an indicator of the vulnerability of household. The proportion of sampled respondents that had hut dwellings with earth floor, thatch roofs, wall type made of mud, and poor condition was the highest across the counties. The illustration by county is presented in the Table 9 below.

Table 9: House Type and Construction Materials Item Description County Overall House Type House type Kilifi Kwale T Taveta Lamu Tana River Maisonettes 2(1.9%) 1(1.1%) 9(2.2%) Bungalow 1(1.5%) 3(3.8%) 9(9.8%) 25(6.2%) Flats 7(1.7%) Dormitory 7(10.8% 18(22.8%) 4(4.3%) 3(7%) 21(5.2%) Hut 105(98.1%) 57(87.7% 22(27.8%) 78(84.8%) 40(93% 306(75.7%) Other specify 36(45%) 36(8.9%) Total 107(100%) 65(100%) 79(100%) 92(100%) 43(100%) 404(100%) Material for the Main House Floor Earth 99(92.5%) 63(79.7%) 68(86.1%) 91(98.9%) 43(91.5%) 284(71.1%) Semi-permanent 5(4.7%) 13(16.6% 6(7.6%) 1(1.1%) 1(2.1%) 109(26.9%) VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 7

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Item Description County Overall House Type House type Kilifi Kwale T Taveta Lamu Tana River Permanent 3(2.8%) 3(3.8%) 5(6.3%) 3(6.4%) 8(2%) Total 107(100%) 79(100%) 79(100%) 92(100%) 47(100%) 405(100%) Type of Roof Thatch roof 82(75.9%) 53(67.1%) 5(6.3%) 90(97.8%) 27(57.4%) 328(65.5%) Corrugated metal 26(24.1%) 26(32.9%) 74(93.7% 2(2.2%) 19(40.4%) 173(34.5%) roof Mud, sand, 1(2.1%) plastic/stone Total 108(100%) 79(100%) 79(100%) 92(100%) 47(100%) 501(100%) General Condition of House Good 1(0.9%) 6(7.6%) 7(14.9%) 7(1.4%) Fair 31(29%) 25(31.5%) 45(57 %) 49(53.3%) 24(51.1%) 76(15.1%) Poor 75(70.1%) 54(68.4%) 28(35.4%) 43(46.7%) 16(34%) 419(82.5%) Total 107(100%) 79(100%) 79(100%) 92(100%) 47(100%) 502(100%)

Household Item Ownership

The availability of durable consumer goods is a useful indicator of a household’s socioeconomic status. Moreover, particular goods have specific benefits. For instance, having access to a radio or a television exposes household members to innovative ideas; a refrigerator prolongs the wholesomeness of foods; and a means of transport allows greater access to many services away from the local area. Table 10 below shows household item ownership by VMGs

Table 10: Household Item Ownership Item Description County Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Bed 101(95) 65(82%) 65(89%) 44(48%) 34(72%) Chair/bench/sofa 75(71%) 43(54%) 56(77%) 32(35%) 23(49% Table 58(55%) 34(44%) 45(62%) 16(17%) 19(40% Cupboard 11(10%) 5(6%) 7(10%) 2(2%) 8(17% Working radio 28(26%) 23(29%) 20(27%) 20(22%) 29(62%) Cassette/CD Player 2(3%) 4(1.6%) 5(2.9%) 5(11%) Working TV 2(2%) 2(3%) 7(2.8%) 1(1%) 3(6.4%) Stove/cooker 1(1%) 5(6%) 2(3%) 0(0%) 1(2.1%) Bicycle 21(20%) 25(32% 14(20%) 8(9%) 15(32%) Motorcycle 5(5%) 7(3.3%) 4(6%) 3(3%) 4(8.5%) Refrigerators 0(0%) 1(0.5%) 0(0% 1(1%) 1(2.1%) Other specify 1(1%) 0(0%) 0(100%) 3(2.1%)

Access to Services Table 11 provides information on services being accessed by VMGs across the five counties in the project area.

Table 11: Household Access to Services Services County Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Nursery School 107(100%) 72(94%) 78(89%) 89(98%) 42(93%) Primary School 107(100%) 75(97%) 77(98%) 64(70%) 43 (96%) Secondary School 79(74%) 44(57%) 71(90%) 25(28%) 39(87%) Health Clinic 74(69%) 61(79%) 66(84%) 33(36%) 31(69%) Hospital 46 (43%) 36(47%) 19(24%) 9(10%) 27(60%) Mortuary 4(4%) 34(44%) 18(23%) 0(0%) 0(0%) Community/ Social Hall 21(20%) 21(27%) 28(35%) 0(0%) 16(36%) Market 80(75%) 22(29%) 30(38%) 17(19%) 16(36%) VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 8

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Shop/ Shopping Centre 63(59%) 66(86%) 64(81%) 22(24%) 22(48%) College/ Higher Education 1(1%) 1(1%) 20(25%) 0(0%) 4(9%) Postal Services 9(8%) 17(22%) 18(23%) 0(0%) 5(11%) Fire Rescue Services (2%) 0(0%) 18(23%) 0(0%) 0(0%) Police Station 18(17%) 33(56%) 29(37%) 18(20%) 21(47%) Chief's Office 64(60%) 69(89%) 61(77%) 21(23%) 42(93%) All Weather Road 36(34%) 55(71%) 44(56%) 24(26%) 7(16%) Household Source of Energy Table 12 presents types of energy sources used by VMGs households in the project area.

Table 12: Types of Fuel Used by Households for Cooking Energy Sources County Overall Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Natural gas 1(0.8%) 10(2.3%) Kerosene 2(2.2%) 1(0.8%) 47(31.5%) 7(9.1%) 57(12%) Charcoal 3(2.9%) 13(14.6%) 40(33.3%) 11(7.4%) 36(46.8%) 44(10.2%) Firewood/ straw 101(97.1%) 74(83.1% 78(65%) 91(61.1%) 34(44.2%) 351(71.4%) Total 104(100%) 89(100%) 120(100%) 149(100%) 77(100%) 431(100%)

Religious Affiliation

Religious affiliations of the coastal VMGs are as presented in table 13.

Table 13: Religion Affiliation Religion County Overall Project Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Area Christian 95(89.6%) 24(30% 74(96%) 102(24.9%) Islam 9(8.5%) 56(70%) 92(100%)) 46(98% 70(17%) No religion 1(0.9%) 2(3%) 1(2%) 131(32%) Waata religion 1(1%) 63(15%) Traditional religion 42(10.3%)

Total 106(100%) 80(100%) 77(100%) 92(100%) 47(100%) 409(100%)

Mode of Transport

When respondents were asked the mode of transport they use to get to places of work /business, the responses were as illustrated in the Table 14 below. The high number of respondents walking to their work /business places in the VMGs areas was attributed to lack of road infrastructure and motorized transport.

Table 14: Mode of Transport Used to Get to Places of Work/Business Mode of County Overall Transport Project Area Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Walk 100(95.2%) 75(41.4%) 78(86.7%) 96(84.2%) 42(45.2%) 303(64.9%) Bicycle 3(2.9%) 28(13.8%) 3(2.7%) 18(1.1%) 134(28.7%) Motor cycle 2(1.9%) 30(22.1%) 4(4.4% 5(4.4%) 27(29%) 4(0.9%) Private car 1(0.6%) 1(1.1%) 10(8.8%) 3(3.2%) 11(2.4%) PSV 29(16%) 7(7.8%) 1(0.9%) 2(0.4%) Animal 1(1.1%) 10(2.1%) Handcart 2(2.2%) 3(0.6%) Boat 9(5%) Ferry 2(1.1%) Total 105(100%) 181(100% 90(100%) 114(100%) 93(100%) 467(100%)

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 9

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Household Source of Domestic Water

Safe domestic water is a basic necessity for good health. Unsafe domestic water can be a significant carrier of diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and amoeba. In addition, access to safe domestic water is particularly important for women and children, usually girls in rural areas, who bear the primary responsibility for carrying water, often from long distances. Most VMGs were found to rely mainly on borehole/open well and spring/river/ponds which frequently dry up during dry seasons. Scarcity of water among these populations is a barrier to irrigated agriculture which has high potential in the areas occupied by the VMGs in the project area. Table 15 below shows the household sources of domestic water for VMGs.

Table 15: The Main Source of Domestic Water for Households Main Source County Overall Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Project Area Piped 3(2.9%) 1(1%) 1(1.3%) 9(6.4%) 2(4.3%) 5(2.3%) Borehole/ spring/ 69(65.1%) 26(25.7%) 60(75.9%) 23(16.3%) 12(25.5% 133(60.5%) well Rainwater 11(10.5%) 49(48.5%) 7(8.9) 50(35.5%) 30(63.8%) 27(12.3%) collection Pond, river or 13(12.4%) 16(15.8%) 2(2.5%) 33(23.4%) 32(14.5%) lake Tanker, vendor 9(8.6%) 9(8.9%) 1(1.3%) 26(18.4%) 3(6.4%) 10(4.5%) Other 8(10.1%) 11(5%) Total 105(100%) 101(100%) 79(100%) 141(100%) 47(100%) 220(100%)

Household Access to Sanitation

Ensuring adequate sanitation facilities is a Millennium Development Goal that Kenya shares with other countries. A household is classified as having an improved toilet if the toilet is used only by members of one household (i.e., it is not shared) and if the facility used by the household separates the waste from human contact (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, 2004). When respondents were asked to state the kind of toilets they use, the results were as shown in Table 16 below.

Table 16: Toilet Facility for Household Use Toilet Facilities County Overall Kilifi Kwale Taita Taveta Lamu Tana River Project Area Open field 50(46.7%) 38(57.6%) 3(3.8%) 67(61.5%) 17(36.2%) 187(44.4%) Pit latrine 57(53.3% 27(40.9%) 76(95%) 42(38.5%) 29(61.7% 231(54.9%) Flash latrine/ Toilet 1(1.5%) 1(1.3%) 1(2.1%) 2(0.5%) Flush Toilet 1(0.2%) Total 107(100%) 66(100%) 80(100.0%) 109(100% 47(100%) 421(100%)

2.3.2 Socio-cultural and political characteristics of the coastal VMGs and their livelihood bases

The Waata community

According to the SA, the Waata, a hunter/gatherer community, is one of the minority and marginalized groups in Kenya but which does not constitute a homogenous community. In the coast of Kenya, they live in scattered territorial groups along the River Tana in Tana River County. They are also found in Kilifi, Kwale, Taita Taveta and Lamu counties. The Waata living in the Coastal region of Kenya are currently

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 10

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

confined next to the forests on which they have traditionally depended for firewood, charcoal, harvesting of honey and fruits for subsistence purposes. They currently complain of being marginalized in the conservation of natural resources including wildlife and other forest resources in their midst. Their main religion is Waata although they practice Islam.

Livelihood: Being unable to hunt and gather freely due to legal protection of ‘their’ former forests, the Waata have taken to subsistence farming and livestock rearing to cater for their basic livelihood needs. Governance: Like most traditional communities in Kenya, the Waata of Tana River continue to govern themselves through the Council of Elders System known as Gasa. Gasas are found at the village, clan and entire Waata community level, with a Hayu (King) as the supreme leader of the Waata. The Gasa has responsibility for peace keeping and conflict resolution at every level of the Waata community. The Waata still rely on their cultural governance system even though they also do have recourse to conflict resolution through the national systems such as the administration and courts of law.

Aweer (also referred to as Boni)

The Aweer are a remnant hunter-gatherer group living along the Kenyan coast in the North-Eastern part of Lamu County on the mainland. The community lives in a total of 10 villages in the forested areas within Witu and Boni forests. They perceive the forest in the inhabited areas as communally theirs. However, the gazettement of all the forest by the government has become a source of conflict. Their population is about 8,000 people (2009 Kenya Population and Household Census KNBS page 397).

The Aweer are often referred to as the "Boni". Considered by some as pejorative, the word “Boni” is based on the Swahili word "kubuni" which means 'to move', in reference to their proclivity, historically, to move around in pursuit of their livelihoods, rather than settle in one place. In 1967, their territory became battle field in the war between Kenya and Somalia and today, they are a vulnerable group, struggling to survive. Traditionally, they depend on their Council of Elders system for leadership.

Livelihood: The Aweer are traditionally hunter/gatherers who are famous for their long bows and poisoned arrows. Their livelihood bases were drastically changed when the Kenyan government curtailed their traditional way of life as a response to the insecurity of the region after the Shifta War (1963–1967), forcing them to settle in villages along the Hindi-Kiunga Road on Government Land between the Boni National Reserve and the Dodori National Reserve while adopting slash and burn agriculture. Nevertheless, the community continues to source their subsistence from forest products such as honey, wild plants/fruits for consumption as food and for medicinal purposes. The Boni people are known for their unique tradition of whistling to birds that guide them to honey.

Governance: Like the Waata, the Aweer also govern themselves through the Council of Elders system known as Wazee wa Mtaa whose responsibility at the village, clan and entire community level is peace keeping and conflict resolution. The Aweer still rely a lot on the Wazee wa Mtaa system even though they also do have recourse to conflict resolution through the national governance systems such as the administration and courts of law.

The Munyoyaya

The Munyoyaya are a small, closely knit group of people, living in the Tana River County of Kenya, with about 20% of them living in Garissa County.

Livelihood: The Munyoyaya (originally pastoralists) have become farmers and fishers depending mainly on the River Tana for their livelihoods. Like Cushitic people in Ethiopia (from where they are believed to

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 11

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

have migrated), they practice subsistence farming on the flood plains of River Tana, growing mainly corn and bananas and occasionally fishing. They also keep livestock, though very minimally.

Governance: The Munyoyaya have a strong governance system based on the Council of Elders, the Gasa. The Gasa operates in a miniature scale at the village and clan levels. At the apex of the CoEs of the governance structure is the community level Gasa where the Hayuu (King) is the supreme ruler. At the Hayuu’s court are representatives of each clan that up the Munyoyaya community. The decisions of the Hayuu’s court are binding upon parties in a dispute.

Sanye

Originally, Mpeketoni in mainland Lamu, and its surroundings were inhabited by the Swahili speaking community called Wabajuni and a small hunting and gathering tribe by the name of Wasanye or the Sanye who are almost extinct. In the 1974 Mpeketoni was transformed into a settlement area for landless Kenyans. As a result, the Sanye currently occupy the areas of Mapenya, Mkunumbi, Ndambwe, Witu and Kipini in Mpeketoni.

Livelihood: Formerly a hunter/gatherer community, the Sanye currently relies on subsistence farming, fishing at Kizuke beach as well as honey harvesting in the Witu forest. Currently, the community has three young men who have completed form four and a young girl who is now in form two. This community claims to be dominated by the neighboring Bajuni and the settlers from up country who settled in their territory.

Governance: Like the other VMGs, the Sanye are governed through the CoE known as Gana based on clan lines. The Sanye have two clans and while Sanye village is headed by a Village Elder, the Gana, which is the ultimate cultural court for the Sanye, is composed of 6 elders, 3 from each clan. They are responsible for clan level grievance redress and their decisions are final.

WaIllwana (also known as Malakote)

The name Malakote (meaning slave) was given to WaIlwana community by their Somali neighbors who introduced them to Islam and made them slaves. The people today prefer to be called Ilwana (meaning free men) closely related to the Kiswahili word muunguana translated by Krapf and Cust (1882) to be "a free man". A former hunter gatherer community, the WaIlwana now lives in Madogo in Tana River County along Tana River where they rely on subsistence farming, fishing, bee keeping and charcoal burning for livelihood.

2.3.3 Key stakeholders in the KCDP project

There are a number of stakeholders whose activities have direct impact on the VMGs of the Kenyan Coast. To the advantage of the VMGs, most of these institutions are implementing agencies of KCDP, making it possible for VMGs not only to benefit from their activities but also for these institutions to mitigate adverse impacts of their actions on VMGs. Some of the key stakeholders in the KCDP activities are shown in Table 17 below.

Table17: Key stakeholders in the KCDP project Stakeholder Mandate Participation in KCDP Impact of stakeholder action on institution VMGs KMFRI Marine and Fisheries  KCDP host  Some actions of KMFRI could Research  Interested in the success result in restrictions on the fishing of the project practices of the VMGs, e.g. VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 12

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

 Research findings insistence on deep sea fishing; use should be used to of the right gears and equipment for improve the quality of fishing etc. could have negative life of the coastal impact on VMGs’ livelihood bases communities including KCDP beneficiary communities KEFRI/KFS KEFRI undertakes  Through the activities of  Some actions of KFS such as more forestry research while KEFRI which is a stringent enforcement of laws KFS ensures KCDP implementing related to forest reserves could enforcement of forestry agency, KFS has negatively impact on the livelihood laws applicable to opportunity to bases of VMGs. E.g. the baseline protected forests and implement well information shows that 97% of ensures and sustainable researched forest VMGs rely on firewood for utilization of forestry conservation and household energy in addition to resources management projects getting herbal medicines from the  Development of the forests Coastal Mangrove Management Plan  Opportunity to involve VMGs and other coastal communities in co- management activities of Kenyan coastal forests, especially mangrove KWS Conservation and  An implementing  More stringent implementation of management of flora agency of KCDP wildlife protection laws could result and fauna in national  Opportunity to involve in adverse impacts of some VMGs game parks, reserves VMGs in wildlife who still rely on wildlife for protein and other wildlife conservation friendly (albeit through illegal hunting) protected area activities such as ecotourism CDA Accelerating  An implementing  The project provides opportunity for development in the agency in KCDP CDA to meaningfully facilitate coast of Kenya  Opportunity to build positively impactful development capacity in business among VMGs of the coast region skills and focus on through implementation of the alternative livelihoods VMGs aspiration as stated in this in VMG communities VMGP State Responsible for  An implementing  Implementation of the provisions of Department enforcement and agency in KCDP the fisheries Act and related of Fisheries implementation of the  Opportunity to support regulations especially those that provisions of Fisheries good fisheries relate to protection of fish breeding Act Cap 378 of 2012 management practices in areas including mangroves may and Article 50 (1) and VMG areas have adverse impacts on the 59 of the subsidiary livelihoods of VMGs who rely on regulations mangrove forests for firewood, herbal medicine, building materials

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 13

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

County Policy makers for The county governments  KCDP provides a good opportunity governments development and have interests in the for county governments to get to of Kilifi, conservation related development activities in the know the VMGs in their counties, Kwale, Taita policies and regulations counties and KCDP should to integrate their aspirations as Taveta, in their respective align its activities to the provided in this VMGP into the Lamu and counties County Integrated CIDP and to enable the counties in Tana River Development Plans (CIDPs) the coast of Kenya to fast track counties for sustainability after implementation of article 56 of the KCDP closes down. constitution according to the Have mandate for the provisions of the County implementation of Article 56 Government Act, 2012, section 102 of the Constitution of Kenya 2010, on Minority and Marginalized groups, and the County Government Act 2012 National Conservation and KCDP provides opportunity  VMGs proposed a number of Museums of sustainable management for the NMK to initiate work cultural centres and other cultural Kenya of the cultural heritage that is aimed at enhancing related activities that the NMK (NMK) of Kenya such as the the Shimoni slave cave for could enhance for the positive Shimoni Slave Cave and the benefit of the Wachwaka benefit of the VMGs. In particular, the colonial D.C’s VMGs in Shimoni village the involvement of the NMK in the residence Shimoni slave caves conservation would be of benefit to the Wachwaka VMGs State Responsible for An implementing Agency in  Should ensure that the proposed Department elaborating physical KCDP action in the VMGP are of Physical planning policies and implemented according to the Planning enforcing the same physical planning regulations NEMA To coordinate the KCDP implementing agency  May turn a negative verdict activities of all govt. & Has to ensure that actions regarding the feasibility of some of non-govt. actors proposed in the VMGP are the proposed actions involved in natural implemented according to resources conservation the NEMA requirements through strengthening the legal and institutional framework for environmental management Other stakeholders include BMUs, Boat Operators and Hoteliers among others.

2.4 Summary of Results of the Free, Prior and Informed Consultations with VMGs that Led to Broad Community Support for KCDP

In order to ensure VMGs receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits from KCDP, the project undertook an elaborate free, prior and informed consultation process with the all VMG communities in the coastal region of Kenya. This was to enable KCDP understand the VMGs’ social, cultural and economic situation on one hand, and their social, economic and cultural aspirations on the other. In this regard, KCDP undertook the following consultation processes, leading to broad community support for KCDP by all VMG communities in five of the six KCDP target counties:

1. The SA as an opportunity for consultations with VMGs: To begin with, the project undertook a social assessment in a sample of the VMG villages in all five counties. This was done using

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 14

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method applied by the SA involved participatory methodologies, in particular, Focus Group Discussions which enabled the SA team to engage directly and openly with VMGs in the sample villages. In this regard, and in order to meet the requirements of the free, prior and informed consultations (OP 4.10), SA team undertook the following:  They identified community stakeholders or key persons who included village headmen, chiefs and assistant chiefs. These community level leaders were informed of the purpose of the consultative meetings and briefed on issues to be discussed during consultations with VMGs; they were then requested to mobilize VMGs for the consultative meetings and to agree with the VMGs on appropriate days, venues and timings for the consultative meetings.  Meetings and focused group discussions with VMGs in gender and intergenerational groups in order to understand their pre-project situation and aspirations for the future  Administered household questionnaires in order to collect quantitative baseline data on the current situation of the VMGs,

2. VMG representatives invited to verify and validate the SA findings: Secondly, the project invited representatives from various VMG communities to a validation workshop during which the SA findings were presented to them in the Swahili language (which they understand well) after which they were invited to give their input to the findings. The VMG representatives took the opportunity to validate the SA findings and to further articulate the social, economic and cultural aspirations for which they hoped for support from KCDP.

3. VMGPs were prepared by VMGs themselves through their representatives from each VMG village in all five counties.KCDP invited VMG representatives from all segments of the VMG communities – men, women, youth, people living with disabilities, socio-cultural leadership, female headed households, and special interest groups (a total of 8 people from each VMG village) – to a VMGP planning sessions. A total of four sessions of 3 days each saw village level VMGs -with technical support from relevant experts from their respective county governments (to ensure that their decisions were made from an informed point of view) – working to articulate their village level aspirations and to turn these into measures of actions for their social and economic benefit. In total, 61 VMG villages comprising a total of 448 VMG representatives (8 representatives from each village) participated in 3 sessions of 3 days each to develop the VMGP.

4. VMGP developed in a participatory manner using the free, prior and informed consultation principle: The three sequential consultative processes culminated in VMGPs that were wholly developed and owned by the VMGPs with technical assistance by county experts and KCDP staff.

The above steps and systematic actions by KCDP enabled VMGs to give their broad support for the project.

2.5 A Framework for Free, Prior and Informed Consultations with VMGs during Project Implementation

2.5.1 Culturally appropriate process for consultations with VMGs at each stage of KCDP implementation

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 15

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Each VMG community in the KCDP area have clearly defined traditional governance structure. All of them govern themselves through the traditional Council of Elders (CoE) system known variously as Gasa, Abagasa or Dhuro depending on the VMG community. The CoE system is much entrenched among the VMGs and is their preferred mode of communication. The CoE system is found at the village, clan and community level. Its main traditional roles are peace keeping and conflict resolution (the traditional system for grievance and complaints handling - GCHM – among VMGs.

During consultations with VMGs for the preparation of this VMGP, they indicated that while the CoE is a male only traditional governance institution, they have been forced – with time – to open it up to youth and women for purposes of facilitating an all-inclusive development for all segments of the VMGs communities.

For the VMGP implementation, the VMGs reiterated that the expanded traditional system should be the main vehicle for consultations with them. While the expanded CoE system will be the overall body for consultations with VMGs at the overall community level, there will be, in addition, micro-project committees which will be the vehicles for consultations with VMGs on specific micro-project issues. The CoE at the village, clan and community level remains the institution for conflict resolution during the VMGP implementation.

2.5.2 A framework for the participation and consultations with VMGs in a gender and intergenerationally inclusive manner during VMGP implementation

The implementation of this VMGP will be undertaken in a participatory and inclusive manner. It shall involve consultations with various stakeholders including the KCDP staff at the headquarters level and the relevant county government officials to ensure that the VMGs receive the requisite technical support in the implementation of their development aspiration. Consultations will also be held with the VMGs in their respective villages and at the county levels.

In addition to the traditional structures articulated in 2.5.1 above,KCDP, VMGs and the county government experts from all counties agreed on a four level consultations framework for ensuring inclusive, gender and intergenerational consultations and accountability during the implementation of the VMGPs. This framework, which obligates both KCDP and the respective county governments to sensitize and educate VMGs on all aspects of the micro project, will not only ensure free, prior and informed consultations with VMGs but also their inclusive and active participation at all levels of project implementation.

The four level frameworksare presented in table 18 below. This framework also constitutes the institutional mechanism or the implementation of the VMGP to be supported by KCDP.

Table 18: Framework for participation of, and consultations with VMGs Scale Committee Establishment Key Responsibilities

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 16

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Regional Task Force Comprises the following KCDP staff  P (TF)  HMP - 3 pax rovide general oversight in the  CDA - 1 pax implementation of the VMG  NEMA - 1 pax projects  KEFRI - 1pax  C  SDF - 1 pax oordinate the planning, financing  KWS -1pax and implementation of the VMG  KMFRI - 1 pax projects.  Finance - 1 pax  C  Procurement - 1 pax oordinate and facilitate the  Civil Engineer - 1 pax provision of the technical support for VMG projects. County County Comprises representatives of the  P Technical following county departments: rovide technical support to Committee  Water - 1 pax VMGDC in the implementation of (CTC)  Agriculture - 1 pax the VMG projects.  Health - 1 pax  C  Livestock - 1 pax onduct training necessary for  Fisheries - 1pax implementation and management  Social Development - 1 pax of VMG projects  Education -1 pax  S  County Development Planner – 1 pax upport development of technical  Other relevant technical experts will designs and Bills of Quantity be co-opted on need basis County VMG Comprises 13 members:  Oversight role on execution of all Development projects for the VMGs Committee In a county, where there are three VMG  Partake in procurement and all (VMGDC) tribes, each of them shall elect 4 financial matters of the project representatives to form the VMGDC. The  Responsible for project information 4 representatives shall be drawn from the disclosure following social segments:  Women  Youth  Elderly (male)  Physically challenged The 13th member shall be a person who is respected among the three VMG tribes Village Project Comprises 9 members;  Oversight role on management of Implementation In a village, each of the 3 CIGs on the project at village level Committee livelihood projects supported, shall be  Responsible for project monitoring (PIC) represented by 3 members and evaluation

3. Action Plan of Measures to Ensure VMGs Receive Culturally Appropriate Social and Economic Benefits

3.1 The Methodology and Process Used to Develop the VMGPs

The development of this Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups Plans (VMGP), which is the equivalent of IPP, was undertaken in a highly participatory manner. It involved consultations with VMGs at three levels: (i) during the social assessment; (ii) during the validation of the SA results; and, (iii) more exhaustively,

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 17

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

during the preparation of this plan which saw the VMGs literally take charge of the development of the plan. The VMGP was the result of team work among the VMGs, the county government experts and KCDP technical experts.

Firstly, VMGs worked in their village groups to identify and prioritize their needs and aspirations.A total of 73 VMG villages represented by a total of 584 people participated in the preparation of the VMGP in a total of 4 sessions of 3 days each. The development ofthe VMGPssaw each set of VMG village representatives - composed of representatives of the youth, female headed households, women, people living with disabilities, men, council of elders, special interest groups such as CBOs and headman – undertake their own village level identification and prioritization of micro projects. The village teams undertookthis taskbased on prior information to them by county level experts on the practical implications of some of their livelihood and social service aspirations. Some communities such as the Munyoyaya came to the planning workshop with their traditional “King” and elected member of the County Assembly. On their part, the Wata of Tana River came to the VMGP planning with their ‘King’ while the WaIlwana came with their “Chief”.Consultations byvillage representations were facilitated by KCDP County Liaison Officers, Component Managers and Technical Coordinators, all of who will also be responsible for overseeing the implementation of the VMGPs at various levels.

Secondly, priority projects identified by VMG village groups were clustered into two main topics – CS and CL projects - comprising atotal of 8 sub-projects. The CS sub-projects were in the education, water and health sectors while the CL projects were in the fields of livestock, agriculture, fisheries, micro- enterprises, eco-tourism and cultural centre ventures. VMGs worked with respective county government and KCDP experts to prepare budgets for each of the priority sub-projects. Final prioritization of CS projects per VMG community was undertaken in plenary where each community was asked to decide on the one most desired CS project to be funded by KCDP in the first year of implementation.

Finally, officials from participating County governments and KMFRI participated either in the opening or closing sessions of the planning workshops. In Kilifi where three VMGP development sessions were held, the workshops were opened by the Kilifi County Commissioner and KMFRI Director. In Lamu, the workshop was opened by the Lamu County Commissioner and closed by the Governor of Lamu County. In all cases, the development of the VMGPs were overseen by the KCDP Project Co-ordinator and HMP Component and Sub-Component managers who were at hand to give clarifications to VMGs on the direction of the program and make commitments to them on behalf of the project.

County and KMFRI officials participated either in the opening or closing sessions of the planning workshop. In Kilifi where three VMGP development sessions were undertaken, the workshops were opened by the Kilifi County Commissioner and KMFRI Director while in Lamu, the workshop was opened by the Lamu County Commissioner and closed by the Governor of Lamu County. In all cases, the development of the VMGPs was overseen by the KCDP Coordinator and Component Four Manager under whose docket the VMGP will be implemented were all at hand to give clarifications to the VMGs on the direction of the program and make commitments to them on behalf of the project.

The VMGPs provide a clear road map on the needs and aspirations of the VMGs. They present measures and actions to be taken in order to strengthen and enhance the social, livelihoods and economic visions of the VMGs so as to uplift their quality of life. The plans are also a measure for mitigating any perceived adverse effects that may result from the implementation of KCDP as they present alternative livelihood strategies for the VMGs. In addition, VMGPs provide clear mechanisms for sustainably engaging the local VMGs to participate and benefit from the project’s interventions and investments. If implemented as proposed, they are capable of fast tracking the inclusion and integration of the VMGs into the mainstream social and economic life of Kenya as envisaged by article 56 of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 18

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

3.2 The Actions and Measures for Ensuring Culturally Appropriate Social and Economic Benefits to VMGs

Five key measures and actions have been proposed by the VMGs for ensuring social, economic and cultural benefits to them. These include:

1. Actions to enhance the livelihood and economic capabilities of the VMGs, which aim to lift them out of poverty: These include a variety of culturally appropriate livelihood and income generating micro-projects such as: (i) goat, bees and poultry keeping; (ii) agricultural activities aimed at improving their subsistence farming practices; (iii) fisheries activities to improve their fish catches and enhance their income; and (iv) small and medium scale enterprises (SMSEs) to enhance their incomes.

2. Social service projects that are aimed at bringing VMGs to per with other communities in the coast of Kenya (if not better) in the immediate to medium term basis: These include a number of social development projects such as (i) basic health services in the form of dispensaries with maternity wings; (ii) educational facilities and equipment, from ECD, primary and secondary schools to vocational training centres and scholarships; and, (iii) water services for domestic and small scale irrigation uses.

3. Culturally appropriate projects that are aimed at the preservation and promotion of cultural practices and income generation: These include the construction of cultural centres and establishment of ecotourism ventures.

4. Capacity building activities: These are activities in support of each of the three key measures above. They are activities aimed at ensuring that the VMGs access maximum returns and benefits from each group of micro projects that have been proposed in this plan. The capacity building activities include sensitization, organization and training of VMGs to be able to implement sustainable micro-projects that can continue to benefit them beyond the life of the project. The capacity building activities are embedded in each set of micro-projects proposed in 1-3 above.

5. Consultations, involvement and participation of VMGs at every step of the VMGP implementation: To this end, a three step institutional arrangement has been proposed for the inclusion and participation of all VMGs in the VMGP implementation. They include: (i) VMG Development Committee (VMGDC) at the county level which is composed of representative of all VMG communities in each county; (ii) Project Implementation Committee (PIC) at the village level composed of representatives of all micro-project committees in each village; and, (iii) Common Interest Groups composed of householders in each village with interest in one or the other of the three CL projects that will be supported by KCDP. (See details in Table 18 of section 2.5.2 above)

4. Potential Positive and Adverse Impacts of KCDP Actions on VMGs

During the SA, it became clear that implementation KCDP in the VMG communities would have both positive and potential adverse impacts. These are discussed below.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 19

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

4.1 Potential Positive Impacts of KCDP on VMGs

Among the positive impacts of KCDP on VMGs is the fact that KCDP is the first of its kind in the coastal region of Kenya that has gone out of its way to identify VMGs because of their status of being a minority, marginalized and therefore a vulnerable group, and to involve them extensively in consultations concerning their development. Through the social assessment and in particular, during the process for the preparation of this VMGP, the VMGs expressed great hope in the positive benefits that KCDP portends for them. In the words of the Hayuu (king) of the Waata community of Tana River during the VMGP development, “this is the first time that the Waata are being born in Kenya”.

According to the aspirations of the VMGs as expressed in this plan, KCDP will have four positive impacts on the VMGs:

1. Livelihood micro-projects: In the first place, implementation of culturally appropriate livelihood micro-projects based on their current livelihood practices will go a long way in helping to lift them out of poverty. These include activities related to: (i) enhancement of subsistence farming practices through irrigation, modern farming techniques, provision of high yield seeds, land husbandry etc.; (ii) enhancement of livestock keeping activities including modern methods for ensuring success in local goat rearing, beekeeping and local poultry; (iii) fishing activities; (iv) support to enhanced Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) activities. These livelihood micro-projects would create employment and gainful engagement for VMG youths and adults in equal measure.

2. Support to community service projects: In the second place, but equally important, VMGs see a potential positive benefit of KCDP in the potential ability of KCDP to support their aspirations for social service development. In this regard, the hope is thatKCDP will support them in the development of (i) health facilities such as dispensaries that are complete with maternity facilities and equipment; (ii) construction and equipping of ECD, primary, secondary and vocational training educational facilities and related scholarships; (iii) support in the provision of water for domestic and irrigation purposes.

3. Support for cultural aspirations of VMGs: The VMG see KCDP as having a potential to support them in the development of their cultural activities both as a livelihood base and as a means of helping them preserve their cultures and language. In this regard, they hope KCDP will support them in the construction of Cultural Centres.

4. Capacity building of VMGs: The VMGs see in KCDP an opportunity for capacity building to enable them enhance their ‘technical’ and management knowhow in relation to the micro- projects that KCDP will support them to implement. In this way, KCDP will enable them to increase their productive capacities.

4.2 Potential Adverse Impactson VMGs communities

Some potential adverse impacts were also identified. According to the SA report, implementation of the various components of KCDP, in particular, Components 1and 2, may result in some adverse impacts on the VMGs. This is because implantation of the actions proposed under these two components may lead to more stringent restrictions in access by VMGs to natural resources that they have traditionally depended on for their livelihoods. VMGs expressed fear that such restrictions would adversely affect their livelihoods, especially if the projects are implemented without their involvement and participation. In this

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 20

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

regard, two related potential adverse impacts were anticipated in relation to implementation of components one and two of KCDP. They include:

1. Adverse impacts from restricted access to forestry, wildlife and fisheries resources: The SA showed that the VMGs to a large extent depend on natural resources, particularly forestry, wildlife and fisheries resources for their livelihoods. They depend on the forests for honey, fruits, medicinal plants, firewood (97%) and charcoal for income generation. They also use forests for worship and performance of rituals. Similarly, the VMGs depend on honey, wildlife and fish for food. The VMGs are therefore likely to be adversely affected if KCDP activities under the two components result in more stringent application of relevant laws, leading to restrictions in access to the resources on which they depend for food, income, medicine and for cultural activities. Such restrictions would lead to loss of key livelihood and income sources.

2. Enhanced vulnerability of VMGs resulting from restricted access to natural resources in which they depend for livelihood and income: In comparison to other communities in Kenya, all VMGs in the counties in which KCDP is being implemented have hardly been reached with social and economic development. In the words of one woman from the Boni VMG community of Kwale County who participated in the workshop that was organized by KCDP to enable VMGs to verify and validate the findings of the SA, “this is the first time for me to set foot in Mombasa and to eat food like this…” In the words of the representative of the Sanye VMG community from Lamu County at the same workshop, “if you come to my community without being accompanied by a person that they know, they may run and hide on top of trees for fear of the unknown…”

3. Finally, almost all county government officials from four of the five counties who participated in the VMGP development were keen to know who these VMGs are, whether they are Kenyans, and where they live. One of the officials was surprised that there were a group of people from her county whose language she had never heard of before the VMGP preparation workshop. She urged KCDP to video tape and to preserve the dances that were performed by VMGs from the various communities. Finally, one County Government official was elated to know the marginalized and minority communities in his county whom the constitution and Devolved Government Act mandates the counties to include in social and economic life and development of the counties. The quotes from the VMGs and reactions of county government officials go to show the level of enhanced vulnerability of VMGs if access to their livelihood bases is restricted without adequate mitigation measures or alternative livelihood sources.

4.3 Actions and Measures to Mitigate Potential Adverse Impacts of KCDP on VMGs

KCDP has proposed a number of measures that if implemented, will serve to mitigate any potential negative impacts that may arise in the course of implementing Components 1 and 2 of the project. They include: 1. One priority CS project per community and 3 priority alternative livelihoods projects per village in each VMG community. A of 10 CS projects and 219 livelihood projects have been proposed for support by KCDP. If implemented as planned, these should serve in the short term to mitigate the adverse effects of the project on VMGs while contributing to lifting them out of poverty. In the long term, implementation of the comprehensive VMGP by the national and county governments and other actors would bring the VMGs to per with other communities in their areas in terms of education and general socio-economic development.

2. Hazina ya Maendeleo ya Pwani which is a grant fund that is accessible to all coastal communities targeted by KCDP including the VMGs. VMGs will be encouraged to prepare

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 21

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

proposals so as to benefit from this grant fund, in addition to the affirmative action funds that the project has set aside for the implementation of this VMGP.

3. Inclusion of VMGs in the co-management activities under Components 1 and 2 of KCDP by updating management plans for the two components to clearly articulate the strategies for the involvement of VMGs in such strategies as CFAs, BMUs etc.

It is envisaged that the above measures, especially implementation of the CS and alternative livelihood projects, are adequate for mitigating any potential adverse impacts on VMGs that may result from the actions of KCDP.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 22

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

4.4 Examples of CS and CLProjects Proposed by VMGs

VMGs proposed two kinds of projects – community service and communitylivelihoods – for implementation by KCDP. Table 19 presents a summary of both the CS and CL projects as well as guidance by respective county experts on what to take into consideration during implementation, especially with regard to the CS, and some livelihood projects. Table 20 presents top priority CS projects that the VMGs proposed, and the villages within each VMG community, where such projects should be located.

Table 19: Examples of proposed projects and guidance on what to consider during implementation Project Guidance County Technical Comments by VMGs Comment by Facilitator Experts CS projects Health  In order to construct a health  There are no adequate facilities facility in area, a number of health facilities. In factors are considered. They some areas, people include walk more than 20 km o Population: at least to the nearest health 5000 people for a facility dispensary  Women have to walk o Distance: within 5 to 10 long distance when in km radius labour and end up delivering on their way or losing their lives in case of complication Public Toilets  The village based toilets as  There are no toilets or  This is a critical proposed have been strongly good sanitation service that can be disapproved by the Public facilities and the forest1 offered as a small scale Health department due to is too far, especially at enterprise service (in challenges in ensuring that they night. For this reason, the spirit of the e.g. the are clean and usable at all time. the community is “IKO Choo” service). Village level public toilets constantly faced by the But this would have to should ONLY be considered if risk of getting diseases be discussed at the they are taken/designed as village forum to businesses to ensure cleanliness determine its viability and sustainability of the facilities since it involves while also acting as an income payment of a token generating venture either for an before use individual household or a group Polytechnic  There are polytechnics in the  The distance the  Prior to providing any counties but very few students. students have to walk to new polytechnics, the Parents should encourage their the learning facilities is project children who have completed too long shouldundertake a class 8 or form and are unable to survey to determine pursue secondary and post- the number of secondary education to take up polytechnics in each of the available courses at the the five counties where polytechnics. VMGs are found as  Polytechnics have to have a well as the population minimum of eight classes of students in each of

1Forest is used for open defecation by the communities VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 23

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

because there is a minimum of them. This will guide eight skills sectors that must be KCDP in deciding on taught in any polytechnic whether or not to  A Youth Polytechnic should construct a have between 20 -25 Trainees polytechnic. It will per class also help KCDP  A Youth polytechnic should involve VMGs in such cover at least 10 km radius decision making from an informed point of view ECD/Nursery  Construction of ECDs is the  “We have heard about Schools mandate of county governments these plans for a long and is already factored into the time but have not seen County Integrated Development any ECD being Plan (CIDP). constructed.We will  Counties require modern nursery only believe this when schoolswith three classes, we see action being playing ground and equipment taken by the county (swings, slides etc.); toilets, one government. Such plans for teachers and one that is child by the county friendly; kitchen governments should not  A nursery school should cover a stop KCDP from 2.5 Km radius and have a supporting us in this population of have 25 pupils per area”. The VMGs class indicated they are  Primary school should cover 5-6 willing to provide the Km radius and have a population required land of 40 pupils per class Water  Water reticulation from rivers is  Whatever solutions are a very expensive affair and agreed upon, if KCDP government is no longer is going to intervene in encouraging this as a means of the water sector, water provision. This can only modalities for be achieved if KCDP joins hands operation, maintenance with other departments or actors and sustainability of  In the majority of cases, ground whichever kind of water in the coast of Kenya is water project must be a usually too salty for human subset of the project consumption. implementation  Hydrological survey is required to provide data that would help determine how many villages have sweet water.  Some of the county governments are already working on the survey  Borehole drilling is usually a risky affair since, if the water turns out to be salty or inadequate, then the investment would have gone down the drain  An inventory of the shallow wells and their conditions is required to determine if rehabilitation is needed or a VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 24

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

totally new construction  For all water projects, hydrological survey report is needed to be able to come up with the best possible options for resolving the water problems in the coast, including the VMG villages Livelihood projects Goat rearing  There is going to be sub-division  Indigenous goats are  of land as the counties grow. preferable because they are Thismeans grazing land will easy to maintain and are keep reducing in size resulting in disease resistant heightened tensions with regard  They can be easily sold to to pasture and water. So, hybrid get money, thus people are goats are the way to go. able to cater for their needs  The advantages are: e.g. can be sold to pay o Hybrid goats don’t need lots school fees. of land for grazing,  The goats also have some o Grade goats produce lots of cultural value e.g. they are milk for commercial and used during funerals and domestic use and they don’t marriage ceremonies need to graze because their  Farmers are now required to feeds can be gotten from pay for extension/technical farm produce support services which is a o Just one goat is adequate must in hybrid goats making o County governments are it expensive to sustain providing vaccines for freeof charge  However, maintenance costs especially feeds and medicines are quite and time consuming  Indigenous goats are less demanding to maintain but also less profitable, so many goats (10 and above) are required to realize good profits Poultry  Rearing of broiler or indigenous  Indigenous chicken is the  chicken is possible and both are preferred breed because it is profitable, but this should be cheaper to maintain (free- done in large scale for ranging and disease commercial to realize the resistant) benefits  It is to sustain the  Indigenous chicken are diseases indigenous chicken breed resistant provided the vaccines since only four chicken and are well administered. They are one cockerel are required to also free-ranging and very easy start a breed to look after. Demand for  Chicken breed does not indigenous Chicken and eggs is require much expert support also very high  VMGs do not have ready  The challenge with Broiler market for broiler poultry chicken is that it requires ready produce market since the more it is kept  Also, farmers are now after the required 6 weeks the required to pay for more they start eating into the extension/technical support VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 25

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

profit and lose market value. services which is a must in  They also require close hybrid chicken making it monitoring and are more prone expensive to sustain to diseases. The housing structure for broiler chicken is also expensive to construct  The county governments are giving farmers New Castle vaccine free of charge, which is the only common disease among these breeds Fish farming  Fish farming requires a lot of   and deep sea water fishing o A survey would have to be conducted in the villages to determine the source of water and the feasibility of sustaining fish ponds  Deep sea fishing requires training on use of equipment and safety gear Cattle  There is division of land as the  This project was requested county grows and grazing land by only some of the VMG keeps reducing so grade cows villages from Kwale County are the way to go which preferred Borana  They do not require a large piece breed as these usually do of land because they zero graze well in arid and semi-  They produce lots of milk for aridconditions. They also both domestic and commercial produce good meat and milk use (in terms of quality and  They are difficult to maintain quantity) and must be closely monitored  Farmers are now required to  The county is providing the pay for extension/technical vaccines for free support services which is a must in hybrid cattle making it expensive to sustain Eco-tourism  These require land to be These and cultural provided either by the county conservation centre governments or by the friendly ventures ventures communities may not be replicated for each community in each county. It would be prudent for all VMGs in each county to agree on joint eco- tourism and cultural centre ventures to maximise on benefits. E.g. a cultural Centre in Tana River, Lamu VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 26

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

or Kwale could be constructed in such a way as to have sections for each community to display their cultures. In this way, targeting tourists becomes easy Other CL projects proposed by VMGs (i) Beekeeping; (ii) Micro-enterprises such as (a) food and vegetable vending; (b) food, vegetable and grocery kiosks; (c) second hand clothes sale; (d) sale of paraffin; (e) water tank and water kiosk/stand pipe to enable sale of water; (f) poultry sales; (g) goats sales; (h) commercial fodder; (i) motor bike taxis; (iii) Irrigated, rain-fed and greenhouse farming (including fencing and clearing of farms and related infrastructure, equipment and inputs); (iv) Tree nurseries.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 27

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Table 20: Summary of priority CS projects proposed by each community for initial KCDP support Community/ Project Munyoyaya Waata WaIlwana Waata Waata Wakifundi Wachwaka Waata Sanye Aweer Remarks Tana River Tana Tana Kilifi Kwale Kwale Kwale Taita Lamu Lamu River River Taveta Priorities in the Health Sector Dispensary Hadhama Darime Tune Kisimeni construction village village village village Maternity Wing Fikirini Milimani village. construction village. (The maternity (complete with (The wing should have equipment, maternity equipment, laboratory, wing laboratory, incinerator, sanitary should be incinerator, facilities, referral added to sanitary facilities, system, solar lighting, the existing referral system, and staff houses) Fikirini solar lighting, and dispensary houses Dispensary and Shirango A Mkunubi Maternity Wing (Mitangani) village For cost construction village (renovation, estimates laboratory , see and Annex 1 equipment) Priorities in the Education Sector Polytechnic Chamari Shimoni Bondeni construction village village Primary School Bulaqumudhu Shakele Kiangwi village village village (7 (3 classrooms, classrooms) desks, teachers tables, teachers chairs Secondary School Nanighi construction village Nursery School Gora (ECD) Priorities for the Water Sector Water facilities Kwadae, (Boreholes, A decision on priority water projects could not be made as such a decision has to be based on the Kizuke, Water Pans, hydrological survey to determine the feasibility of the water sources. The need for the proposed water Bahati Rock Catchment, projects (see budgeted Community Service Projects) was however presented and acknowledged as Njema and Piped Water etc.) necessary for the growth of the communities. Shekale Priorities for the Infrastructure Sector Bridge repair Bombi

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 28

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

5. Cost Estimates and Financing Plan for KCDP Support to VMGs

5.1 Defining KCDP Support to VMGs

KCDP had commissioned a Social Assessment (SA) in 2013 with the key objective of interrogating the challenges facing the VMGs in order to determine the impacts of KCDP actions on theirlivelihoods,social, economic and cultural aspects of life. A subset of the SA was the development of VMG plans (VMGPs) formitigating any adverse impacts on VMGs and for addressing their most immediate livelihoods and other needs as identified and prioritised by them. This plan would then form the basis for KCDP intervention. As the SA was heavily delayed, and consequently the intended KCDP support towards VMGs is yet to be provided.

In July/August 2015, stakeholders (VMGs, KCDP and County Government experts) developed an ambitious and comprehensive VMGP during 4 planning sessions. The comprehensive VMGP presents priority CS and CL projects which, if implemented, are capable of not only mitigating any adverse impacts of the project on VMGs, but also lifting them out of poverty and socio-economic marginalization and vulnerability.

However, due to funding limitations for financing the entire VMGP and in view of the time remaining to the end of the project in October 2016, it became necessary for KCDP to define the nature and magnitude of support that the project can practically offer to VMGs. This definition is discussed below. The comprehensive VMGP is presented in Annex 1.

5.1.1 CS projects

Community Service projects aim to improve access to essential social services and provide benefits to the entire community or a large section of the community. The projects also seek to bring VMGs to per with other communities in the coast of Kenya (if not better) in the immediate to medium term basis. Such projects may not be implemented by a single Common Interest Group (CIG) but rather at the level of a VMG. For planning purposes, a single CS is valued at KShs 30 Million which includes civil works, equipment and furniture.

5.1.2 CL projects

Community Livelihood projects seek to raise income or provide direct benefit to community members and generally enhance the livelihood and economic capabilities of the VMGs in order to lift them out of poverty. Such projects may be implemented by a sub section of a community or a CIG at the village level.

5.1.3 Decision on CS and CL projects to be supported by KCDP

In order to decide on CS and CL projects for KCDP financing, and to manage expectations with regard to implementation of the comprehensive VMGP, VMGs in each of the planning sessions were asked to identify a single priority CSproject per VMG community and three priority CL projects per VMG village. Through this approach, 10 CS and 219 CL projects were prioritised as shown in table 21.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 29

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Table 21: Number of prioritised CS and CL project per VMG and VMG village Community Service Projects Community Livelihood Projects No. of Total No. of County No. of VMGs in No. of ProposedCL prioritized CS VMG villages in the county projects project the county Lamu 2 2 12 36 Tana River 3 3 44 132 Kilifi 1 1 7 21 Kwale 3 3 6 18 Taita Taveta 1 1 4 12 TOTAL 10 10 73 219

5.2 Cost estimates of the VMGP to be Financed by KCDP

For planning purposes, a single CS project is valued at KShs 300 Million while a single CL project is valued at Kshs 400,000. Table 22 presents a summary of the cost of the VMGP that is to be supported by KCDP. Tables 23 and 24 present the breakdown of the cost of financing the CS and CL projects respectively.

Table 22: Summary cost of KCDP support to VMGs Project Types Total Number of Projects Proposedfor Approximate Cost of Projects (Mio KCDP support KShs) Support to CS 10* 310** Support to CL 219*** 87.6 Sub Total 397.6 ****Approximate Administrative cost @ 10% 39.76 GRAND TOTAL 437.36 *One priority CS project per VMG community in each county. ** The cost includes the KShs 10 Million set aside for hydrogeological surveys for all water projects. *** Three priority CL projects per VMG village. **** This comprises the cost of developing the technical designs, Bills of Quantity, Necessary approvals and EIAs.

Table 23: Breakdown of number and approximate cost of financing the prioritised CS projects County No. of VMGs communities No. of prioritized CS Approximate value of SCS Projects in the county projects (Mio KShs.) Lamu 2 2 60 Tana River 3 3 90 Kilifi 1 1 30 Kwale 3 3 90 Taita Taveta 1 1 30 Total 10 10 300 Cost of feasibility study for water projects in 5 counties 10 Grand Total Costs 310

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 30

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Table 24: Breakdown of number and approximate cost of financing the prioritised CL projects County No. of VMGs VMG villages No. of prioritized Approximate value of communities in the county CL projects CL Projects (Mio KShs.) Lamu 2 12 36 14.4 Tana River 3 44 132 52.8 Kilifi 1 7 21 8.4 Kwale 3 6 18 7.2 Taita Taveta 1 4 12 4.8 TOTAL 10 73 219 87.6

6. Implementation Roadmap

The road map outlined below provides some of the key steps that will be followed in the implementation of the KCDP supported VMGP.

Table 25: Implementation plan for 10 CS projects No. Activity Timeline 1 Disclosure of VMGP at the County Government level October, 2015 Establishment of institutional arrangement for implementation 2 October, 2015 of priority projects Disclosure of VMGP at the village level in the respective 3 November 2015 counties 4 Technical design of priority projects - Site visits, design & BQs November, 2015 Environmental and Social Impact screening of the priority 5 December, 2015 projects Approval of the technical designs by relevant county 6 December, 2015 government departments 7 Preparation of bid documents and sale December, 2015 8 Bids evaluation and award of tender January, 2016 9 Contract award and sight handing over January, 2016

Table 26: Implementation plan for CL projects No. Activity Timeline 1. Prioritization of livelihood projects with high impacts October, 2015 Identification of capacity building needs in prioritized livelihood 2. October, 2015 projects Engagement of extension service and partnerships in the 3. October, 2015 respective counties 4. Commencement of training November, 2015

7. Accessible Procedures for Addressing Grievances by Affected VMGs Communities during Implementation (GRM)

Grievance redress mechanisms (GRMs) comprise institutions, instruments, methods and processes by which a resolution to a grievance is sought and provided. In the case of KCDP, the mechanisms will provide an effective avenue for expressing concerns and achieving remedies for VMGs who may be aggrieved in the course of project implementation. Grievances and disputes may arise at several stages of the project’s implementation and may be related to KCDP, or may be a result of conflicts between various VMG groups affected by the project. A two level grievance mechanism is proposed, each consisting of a number of steps or tiers

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 31

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

7.1 Level 1: Grievance Redress for Disputes between VMGs and the KCDP

To redress grievances that may arise between VMGs and KCDP, a two-fold (internal) mechanism is proposed to compliment the laid down external administrative, legal and judicial mechanisms such as the offices of the chief, Deputy County Commissioner, County Commissioner etc., human right groups such the Kenya National Human Rights Commission (KNHRC) and the courts of law. The two-pronged internal mechanism is designed with the aim of resolving grievances between VMGs and the project at the earliest opportunity. It consists ofproactive and reactive approaches.

Proactive Approach: This approach promotes a common understanding through a three-pronged process following free, prior and informed consultation and dialogue, including: (a) wide-spread disclosure of project information and discussions on the way forward with regard to known complaints; (b) clarification of the criteria of eligibility for assistance; (c) clarification of the duties and responsibilities of KCDP, VMGs, county governments and other stakeholders.

Reactive Approach: Conflicts that do arise between VMGs and the KCDP in the course of project implementation would be dealt with at four levels:

i. Step 1: Project level. Meeting of minds between the VMGs’ CDC and the project’s TT (see 2.5.2 above) to consult and agree way forward for resolving the conflict. ii. Step 2: Administrative level. Should the aggrieved VMG not be satisfied with the resolution at level 1, they can refer the matter for administrative resolution with the Deputy County Commissioner/County Commissioner acting as an arbitrator between the project and KCDP. iii. Step 3: Mediation. If the dispute between the VMGs and the project cannot be resolved at the project and administrative levels, both the VMGs and the project may agree to seek mediation from an agreed party including the human rights bodies, the faiths’ bodies or other institutions such as the Arbitration Institute of Kenya. iv. Step 4: Judicial process: Should resolution of the dispute fail at levels 1-3, the aggrieved VMG(s) would be free to seek redress from the courts of law of Kenya.

7.2 Level 2: Grievance Redress for Disputes between or among VMGs

Each VMG community is made up of a number of clans and the traditional governance system is structured along clan lines. For example, the Munyoyaya community is made up of 6 clans while the Waata community is made up of seven clans. Similarly, the Aweer are made of 7 clans (Uko) while the Wachwaka are made of two clans.

Among the VMGs, governance is vested in the Council of Elders (CoE) system known as the Gasa/Abagasaamong the Munyoyaya, Waata and WaIlwana among others, Ghana among the Sanyeand WazeewaMtaa among the Aweer.Among the Munyoyaya and Waata of Tana River and the Wachwaka of Kwale for example, the Hayuu (King/Chairman) is at the apex of the Gasa (CoE system/or court). All clans that make up the community come together to elect the Hayuu based on clear criteria such as integrity, honesty, selflessness, conflict resolution abilities, knowledge of the community’s history and traditions and ability to help community members make peace with each other quickly in case of a grievance.

All VMGs in each of the five counties in the coast of Kenya proposed the traditional grievance redress mechanism as the effective means of resolving disputes that may arise among them as a result of the project. In all cases, each of the seven VMG communities – Waata, Munyoyaya, WaIlwana, Sanye, Aweer, Wakifundi and Wachwaka – insisted that any community member who refuses to accept the decisions of the cultural grievance redress mechanism applicable to their respective communities – the Council of Elders system – is a cursed person and is free to seek redress in courts of law. VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 32

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Conflict resolution and decision making: Decisions on all important community issues and conflict resolution are vested in the Gasa which is headed by the Hayuu or the equivalent of a Hayuu depending on the community. The Hayuu is supported in his role by one elder (minister) from each clan that make up the VMG community. In addition to the Hayuu and his ‘ministers’, the Hayuu’sGasa has three elders (members of the Gasa), also from each clan. In this regard, the Munyoyaya of Tana River has a Gasa that is composed of 25 elders: 18 members (3 from each of the 6 clans), 6 “ministers” (one from each clan) and the Hayuu (King) who, once he is elected, ceases any role in the clan and becomes “clanless”. For the Waata of Tana River, the Gasa is composed of 29 elders (7 ‘ministers’, 21 members and the Hayuu).

For conflict resolution, the institution of the CoEs (Gasa/Abagasa/Gana/Wazee wa Mtaa…) is the equivalent of a court for VMGs. Conflicts among VMGs at the village level or among members of VMG groups are resolved by the traditional governance system as the preferred mode. The institution of the CoE (which is a male only institution) and the village headman rely on socio-cultural arbitration and mediation skills to settle disputes within the community. Such traditional mechanisms were found to be important in promoting peace and development within the VMG communities. All VMG groups at the Kenyan Coast indicated that they will use the traditional system to resolve any conflicts that may arise in the course of project implementation. Below is the four tier system for traditional conflict resolution.

i. Tier 1: Village level: At this level, there is a council of elders which is the first level of conflict resolution. A complainant in dispute with another villager brings the matter to the Village Elder who summons other elders and chairs the meeting to resolve the dispute and impose fines as appropriate. ii. Tier 2: Clan level:An issue that cannot be resolved at the village level will be handled at the clan level by the 3 members of the Hayuu’s court who form the clan level CoE. Like the village level, they listen to the dispute, make decisions and impose fines as appropriate. iii. Tier 3: The Hayuu’s court:If the issue is not resolved at clan level CoE, the Hayuu and his cabinet will listen to the conflict and try to resolve it. If they fail, they will invite the entire cabinet and members (3 from each clan) to handle the matter. The decision of the full Hayuu’s court is final and should (traditionally) be binding on the community. iv. Tier 4:Judicial process: In modern times, the conflicting parties are also free to seek redress from courts of law or other avenues although this is not likable to the community. At this juncture, the party to the dispute who refuses to listen to the elders will be cursed by the elders and the community, and will be free to seek redress from other avenues including the administrative and legal avenues as appropriate.

Conclusions of disputes: It is important to note that in all cases of grievance redress by the respective cultural courts, the court sittings and deliberations are concluded when:(i)decisions are reached and a fine is imposed on the offending community member, (ii) the offending community member accepts the verdict and pays all the fines that have been imposed by the court. The fine is usually in the form of a goat or cow that is slaughtered for the elders to eat and cleanse the offending community member. In addition, the offender also brews traditional beer for the elders and also pays the victim a fine as dictated by the court. Failure to honor the fines or refusal to accept the traditional courts verdict may result in a curse or banishment of the offender. Among the VMGs, it is only the ‘cursed’ offender who may seek redress from a court of law. Otherwise, decisions of the traditional courts are normally respected and according to VMGs, the CoE system is effective in grievance and this is what they will use to resolves disputes among them in the course of project implementation.

Examples of the CoE system are presented in figures 1 and 2 below, representing the Munyoyaya/Waata and Wachwaka CoEs respectively. Almost all VMG communities in the coast of Kenya are organized in similar ways for conflict resolution albeit with different names for the various levels. Fig. 1: The grievances redress mechanism among the Munyoyaya VMG community

HAYUU’s (King) Supreme Court composed of the Hayuu, the 6 respected elders VMGP Prepared by KCDP(Ministers) Team - oneand VMGsfrom each with ofFacilitation the 6 clans and - and Report all theby MargaretClan Level Ombai Council of Tacitusof Elders’ Ltd Page 33 members, 3 from each clan

First level of the HAYUU’s (King) court composed of the Hayuu and his respected elders, one from each clan KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Fig 2: Grievances redress mechanism among the Wachwaka VMG community of Kwale

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 34

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

8. Monitoring and Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

8.1 Purpose of the [tentative]monitoring and evaluation mechanism and benchmarks

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are the processes of tracking implementation progress and assessing project performance and results, the effectiveness of results and outcomes, and, efficiency in the utilization of project resources. On-going internal M&Ealso help to detect early, the relevance of the project to the target group and whether or not it is in line to achieve its objectives and goals. Internal and external M&Eresults are used to shape progress and to put the project on the way to achieving its design objects by recommending remedial actions at every stage of the implementation process.

For KCDP, on-going participatory M&E by the project staff, the beneficiaries and the county government experts - is a vital part of the proposed VMGPs. The basic purpose of this on-going M&Eshould not be to prove the success or failure of the project, but to improve the design and implementation strategies and techniques, and to guide the implementing institutions (see Table 18 in section 2.5.2 above) while working as a team, towards achieving the objectives, vision, mission and goals with regard to the implementation plan presented in section 6.

To ensure effective internal M&E, all stakeholders in the prosed implementation and communication mechanism (2.5.2 above)including the VMGs represented by the CDC, the VPIC, and MPCs, the respective county government represented by the CTST and the KCDP represented by PTT, shall participate in monitoring and evaluating implementation of the proposed actions in an on-going basis with a view to ensuring all actions are being implemented as agreed and recommending immediate remedial actions as and when such need arises. For this to be achieved, M&E findings have to be interpreted and analysed, and results used for decision making and planning.

8.2 Tentative M&E Benchmarks and Implementation Plan for KCDP Supported VMGP

A tentative mechanism and benchmarks appropriate to the project for monitoring, evaluating and reporting on the implementation of the KCDP supported VMGPs are presented in the monitoring, evaluation and implementation plan in table 27 below. It takes into consideration, the remaining time to the end of KCDP in October, 2016, and the implementation roadmap that has been proposed by the project. Nevertheless, the plan can be adapted to be more realistic and SMART as implementation realities and environment become clearer.

Table 27: Tentative Monitoring, Evaluation and Implementation Plan Responsibility: KCDP; Respective County Governors and Chief Officers Implementation start date: October 2015 A. Community service projects Activity/Issue Goals/Objective Strategies/Main Indicators/Milestones Sources of Activities verification Community . To improve access . To disclose the Indicators . Progress service projects to basic community VMGP and . 5 CDCs have been established and reports services among establish and trained on their project . Monitorin Issue VMG communities train the implementation oversight roles by g reports in the Kenya Coast proposed end December 2015 . MoUs Most VMGs . To bring them to implementation . 5 county governments have been . Training sensitized on the VMG projects by communities at per with other institutions at manuals end November 2015 the coast of Kenya communities in the all levels and reports VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 35

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

are unserved in coast of Kenya as . Establishment . 5 MoUs signed between and . tender terms of the far as these services and training / among stakeholders (including documents proposed are concerned sensitization of relevant national government . contract community . To equip VMGs VMGDCs, department for e.g. staffing for documents primary schools) as appropriate by service projects. with skills and PICs, TF and . disclosure end November 2015 Implementation of capacity to CTCs reports or . To put in place, . 10 CSPs completed by end of these project implement and project (EoP) minutes of sustainability would, in the sustain their CSPs . 10 VMGDCs and 73 PICs disclosure strategies for medium to long in collaboration established and trained on their meetings each of the CS term basis, serve with the roles by end January, 2016 . End of in agreement to bring them to appropriate . 1 TF and 5 CTCs have been project with the per with dominant authorities established and sensitized (ToRs) completio respective communities in . To contribute to the on their roles by end November n reports county the coast of Kenya fast tracking of 2015 governments implementation of . Hydrogeological surveys for water article 56 of the and VMGs projects have been completed in all Constitution of . To identify VMG areas in the 5 counties by Kenya, 2010, on sites/locations January 2016 Minorities and for . At least 10 CS projects Marginalized implementation completed by end of project communities of agreed CS (EoP) projects in collaboration Milestones with the . VMGP has been disclosed to all respective 5 county governments by end county October, 2015 and to all governments participating villages by end and VMGs November, 2015 county . To implement . MoUs for involvement of county CS projects governments in project implementation and sustainability of CS projects have been signed with at least 3 of the 5 county governments by end November, 2015 and by all county governments by end of January, 2016 . 10 VMGDCs and at least 60 PICs have been established and trained on their roles by mid- December, 2015 and all PICs established and trained by end January, 2016 . Contracts have been awarded and CS project sites have been handed over to contractors by end January, 2016 . At least 90% of CS projects have been completed by end June, 2016 and 100% by end July, 2016 . At least 70% of county governments have been sensitized to include the comprehensive VMGP in their budgets by April, 2016 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 36

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

. Hydrogeological survey has been completed in at least 70% of the 10 VMG communities in the 5 counties by July, 2016 B. Livelihood micro-projects Implementation . To enable VMGs . Establishment Indicators . Monthly of livelihood put food on the and training of  73 Project Implementation monitorin micro-projects: table and money village level Committee (PICs) established and g and local goats; the pocket in the project trained on their roles by December progress local poultry; short to medium implementation 2015 reports by beekeeping; term basis committees  At least 109 CIGs established and KCDP, sensitized on their roles by fishing . To provide . Establishment CTCs, December 2015 and all 219 by activities; alternative and training of February 2016 VMGDCs agriculture livelihood micro-project  Number2 of households from VMG and PICs related activities strategies to VMGs implementation villages supported to undertake . Training and services; and enablwe them committees and livelihood micro-projects needs small scale to diversify their groups  219 community livelihood (CL) assessmen enterprises, eco- sources of income . Agreement on projects started (disaggregated by t reports tourism and . To equip VMGs technical type) by April 2016 . Training cultural centers with skills and support manuals Issues capacity to arrangements by Milestones and . Many VMGs, implement and the CTST and . 3 high impact livelihood projects reports including sustain their the PTT have been prioritized by each . End of women, youth livelihoods . Identification of VMG village by Mid November project and people strategies individual 2015 completio living with . To lay a households and . CIGs have been established for n reports disabilities are foundation to the groups that are each of the 3 projects in each unable to self-sufficiency to benefit from village by mid-November, 2015 provide for their and self-reliance each category of . Capacity building needs for CIGs basic needs due by VMGs micro-project and PICs have been identified in to poverty and . To support VMGs . To implement relation to each of the 3 projects developmental in the conservation livelihood by end November, 2015 neglect and and promotion of projects . Training/capacity building exclusion by their cultural experts have been engaged and successive post- activities for Note: VMGs have training modules prepared by colonial Kenyan income and to be sensitized to mid-December, 2015 governments posterity understand that a . Training on livelihoods household may (including small scale enterprises only benefit from if any) has been completed in at one category of least 50% of participating livelihood villages by end February 2015, project.while a and in 90% of the villages by end village may only April, 2015 benefit from a . At least 70% of the CL projects maximum of 3 CL have been implemented by end projects April, 2015, and 100% by end, July, 2015 . Number of households from VMG villages that have been supported to participate in the

2This indicator will be defined by KCDP after the village forums when the number of households in each village will have been known

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 37

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

CIGs for the 3 livelihood projects in each village . Number of livelihood projects that have been implemented and disaggregated by type . Number of households generating at least $50 or more from KCDP supported livelihoods projects

Grievance Redress Mechanism Implementation . To ensure that . Sensitization of . 10 community level GRM . Minutes of of the agreed small conflicts, VMGs at all institutions established and trained sensitizati GRM disputes or levels on the / sensitized on their roles by on disagreements do agreed GRM January 2016 meetings Issue not escalate to and soliciting . Complaint Conflicts are become big their support for Milestones s log book like to occur grievances that the same . All 10 community level GRM . Complaint among VMGs in may be too institutions have been confirmed s the course of difficult for the and sensitized on the VMGs and resolution livelihood agreed GCHM to their roles in its success by reports micro-project deal with January, 2016 implementation . At least 80% of VMG communities and villages have been sensitized on the agreed GRMs by end February 2015 . At least 70% of VMGs and community level institutions are reporting complaints to the agreed level of the GRM . At least 60% of reported complaints are being resolved at the lowest level of the GRM

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 38

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Annexes

Annex 1: The Comprehensive VMGP andCost Estimates

Following the conclusion of the SA and the validation of its findings, a comprehensive VMGP that presents priority projects as defined by VMGs was developed during four sessions of three days each. It is the result of team work among the VMGs, the county government experts and KCDP technical experts. In order to develop the VMGPs, the VMGs first worked in their village groups to identify and prioritize their needs and aspirations. In this regard, each set of VMG village representatives - composed of representatives of the youth, female headed households, women, people living with disabilities, men, council of elders, special interest groups such as CBOs and headman – undertook their own village level identification and prioritization of micro projects. Consultations by village groups were facilitated by KCDP County Liaison Officers, Component Managers and Technical Coordinators. Similarly, respective county government experts lent support to the planning process.

It is on the basis thiscomprehensive VMGP that KCDP arrived at the 10 CS and 219 CLprojects that it intends to support in the remaining timeframe of the project. This Annex presents the detailed VMG plans that represent their aspirations and vision for lifting themselves out of poverty and bringing them to per with the rest of the communities in the coast of Kenya. It also presents a summary and detailed cost estimates for financing all priority micro-projects proposed by the VMGs.

Majority of the projects proposed in this comprehensive VMGP are in line with the spirit of the county development agenda as reflected in the respective County Integrated Development Plans (CIDP). They also resonate well with the vision 2030 of the Government of Kenya. If included in the county and national governments’ (and other actors) development agenda and implemented as proposed, the projects are capable of fast tracking the inclusion and integration of the VMGs into the mainstream social and economic life of Kenya as envisaged by article 56 of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010, whose realization is the mandate of county governments. It is also a reflection of the social, economic, livelihoods and demographic profiles of the VMGs as presented in the SA report.

Summary cost estimate for financing community service and livelihood projects 1 Total Estimated Cost for all Livelihood Micro-Projects for VMGs in the KCDP Area 926,973,470 2 Total Estimated Cost for all Community Service Projects for VMGs in KCDP Area 3,087,008,700 Total Estimate Cost for Financing the VMGP (in KES) 4,013,982,170

Break down of cost estimates for community service project No Project category Cost Estimate Grand total of cost estimates 1. Education sector projects for all VMGs communities 1,847,680,600 2. Health and sector projects for all VMG communities 379,696,200 3. Public sanitation sector project for all VMG communities 7,800,000 4. Water sector projects for all VMG communities 847,493,500 5. Infrastructure support (repair of a bridge) for Bombi village in Kilifi 4,338,400 County 6. Total Estimated Cost for financing CSPs for VMGs in KCDP Area 3,087,008,700

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 39

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Breakdown of cost estimates for community livelihoods projects by community No Community/County Cost Estimate Grand total of cost estimates 1. Munyoyaya of Tana River County 237,768,600 2. Waata of Tana River County 77,350,100 3. WaIlwana of Tana River County 224,399,450 4. Waata of Kilifi County 8,299,000 5. Waata of Kwale County 12,660,920 6. Wakifundi of Kwale County 2,807,500 7. Wachwaka of Kwale County 2,867,400 8. Waata of Taita Taveta County 5,471,100 9. Aweer of Lamu County 3,997,800 10. Saanye of Lamu County 50,486,960 11. Joint activities: WaIlwana and Waata of Tana River County 217,464,190 12. Joint activities: Wakifundi, Waata and Wachwaka of Kilifi, Kwale 53,414,690 and Taita Taveta counties 13. Joint activities: Aweer and Sanye of Lamu County 29,985,760 Total Estimate cost for financing livelihood micro-projects for VMGs in the KCDP 926,973,470 Area

Below are the detailed cost estimates by project category and by the respective VMGs communities.

A. Category: Education

A1: Education Projects for the Munyoyaya VMG Community of Tana River County Activities/Sub- No. of No. of No Activities Units Villages Quantity Unit Cost Total Remarks 1 Nursery schools Targeted Villages Hadhama, Qurulicha, Boji, Masugudha and Bulaqumudhu Classrooms 3 5 15 1,000,000 15,000,000

Desks 42 5 210 700.00 147,000 Tables - Teachers 3 5 15 2,500 37,500 Chairs - Teachers 3 5 15 1,500 22,500 Toilets - students 2 5 10 150,000 1,500,000 Toilets - staff 1 5 5 150,000 750,000 Water tanks 2 5 10 300,000 3,000,000 Fencing 1 5 5 1,500,000 7,500,000 Kitchen 1 5 5 300,000 1,500,000 County Government is responsible for providing ECD Staff 0 0 staff Sub-total 29,457,000

2 Primary Schools Targeted Villages Hadhama and Bulaqumudhu Classrooms 9 2 18 1,000,000 18,000,000 Note: Desks 160 4 640 700 448,000 1. A primary school ordinarily Tables - Teachers 8 4 32 2,500 80,000 has 8 classrooms. So it is Staff tables 6 4 24 2,500 60,000 assumed that the 9th Chairs - Teachers 16 4 64 1,500 96,000 ‘classroom’ will be a staff Toilets - students 4 2 8 150,000 1,200,000 room for the teachers. Toilets - staff 2 2 4 150,000 600,000 2. If the project can only

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 40

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Water tanks 6 2 12 300,000 3,600,000 support construction of one Fencing 1 2 2 1,500,000 3,000,000 school, the Munyoyaya Kitchen 2 2 4 300,000 1,200,000 VMGs decided it should be Sub-total 28,284,000 at Hadhama village Primary school with Boarding 3 Facilities Target Village: Konoramadha Dormitory 2 1 2 5,000,000 10,000,000 1. Boarding facilities will Dining hall 1 2 2 3,000,000 6,000,000 enable girls and boys to Staff houses 2 2 4 2,000,000 8,000,0000 remain in school during migration in search of water and pasture during droughts 2. Note that (a) beds and beddings not included in budget; (b) Dining Hall equipment and furniture not Sub-total 24,000,000 budgeted for Secondary 4 schools 1 Target Village: Konoramadha Classrooms 5 1 5 1,000,000 5,000,000 Laboratory 1 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 Administration/ staffroom block 1 1 1 4,000,000 4,000,000 Lockers 40 4 160 4,500 720,000 Chairs 40 4 160 1,500 240,000 Stools 40 4 160 1,000 160,000 Tables 13 1 13 2,500 32,500 Toilets -staff 2 1 2 150,000 300,000 Toilets - students 6 1 6 150,000 900,000 Water tanks 6 1 6 300,000 1,800,000 Dining hall 1 1 1 3,000,000 3,000,000 Kitchen 1 1 1 300,000 300,000 Fencing 1 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 Dormitory 2 1 2 2,600,000 5,200,000 To facilitate boarding for girls at Staff houses 2 1 2 2,000,000 4,000,000 Konoramadha sec. school Solar panels 0 Needs a visit to the dealers Sub-total 28,652,500 Vocational 5 Training Centre There are existing polytechnics at Madogo and Hola which should serve the county Polytechnics adequately Sub-total for education projects for the Munyoyaya VMGs of Tana River County 110,393,500 A2: Education Projects for the Waata Community of Tana River County 1 Nursery schools Target Villages: Gora, Bili, Dhida, Hamesa Classrooms 3 4 11* 1,000.000 12,000,000 If project can only support 1 Desks 42 4 168 700 117,600 ECD school, it should be at Teachers tables 3 4 12 2,500 30,000.00 Gora Teachers Chairs 3 4 12 1,500 9,000 Students toilets 2 4 8 150,000 1,200.000 *Hamesa already has 1 Staff toilets 1 4 4 150,000 600,000 classroom but needs 2 more Water tanks 2 4 8 300,000 2,400,000 classrooms Fencing 1 4 4 1,500,000 6,000,000 Kitchen 1 4 4 300,000 1,200,000 Staff 0 Sub-total 22,334,800 2 Primary Schools Targeted Villages: Hamesa Classrooms 9 1 9 1,000.000.00 9,000,000 Note: VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 41

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Desks 160 1 160 700.00 112,000  This school was added to Tables - Teachers 8 1 8 2,500.00 20,000 the list during the plenary Staff tables 6 1 6 2,500.00 15,000 session on Day 3 of Chairs - Teachers 16 1 16 1,500.00 24,000 session 2 Toilets - students 4 1 4 150,000.00 600,000  A primary school Toilets - staff 2 1 2 150,000.00 300,000 ordinarily has 8 Water tanks 6 1 6 300,000.00 1,800,000 classrooms. So it is th Fencing 1 1 1 1,500,000.00 1,500,000 assumed that the 9 Kitchen 1 1 1 300,000.00 300,000 ‘classroom’ will act as Sub-total 13,671,000 staffroom Sub-total for the education for the Waata VMGs of Tana River County 36,005,800

A3: Education Projects for the Wallwana VMG Community of Tana River County No. Activities/Sub- of No. of No Activities Units Villages Quantity Unit Cost Total Remarks 1 Nursery schools for the WaIlwana VMG Community of Tana River County Target Villages: Jarha, Tune, Chewele, Shikadabu, Shuqule, Dabholo, Bale Classrooms 3 7 21 1,000.000 21,000,000 Desks 42 7 294 700 205,800 Teachers tables 3 7 21 2,500 52,500 Teachers chairs 3 7 21 1,500 31,500 Students toilets 2 7 14 15,000 210,000 Staff toilets 1 7 7 15,000 105,000 Water tanks 2 7 14 300,000 4,200,000 Fencing 1 7 7 1,500,000 10,500,000 Kitchen 1 7 7 300,000 2,100,000 Staff 0 County Government Sub-total 38,404,800 Primary 2 Schools Targeted Villages: Chewele, Vango and Shikadabu Classrooms 9 3 27 1,000.000 27,000,000 Desks 160 3 480 700 336,000 Teachers tables 8 3 24 2,500 60,000 Staff tables 6 3 18 2,500 45,000 Teachers chairs 16 3 48 1,500 72,000 Students toilets 4 3 12 150,000 1,800,000 Staff toilets 2 3 6 150,000 900,000 Water tanks 6 3 18 300,000 5,400,000 Fencing 1 3 3 1,500,000 4,500,000 Kitchen 1 3 3 300,0000 900,000

Boarding facility at Shikadabu Primary School 0 0 Dormitories 2 1 2 500,000 10,000,000 Dining Hall 1 1 1 300,000 300,000 Staff houses 2 1 2 2,000,000 4,000,000 55,313,000 3 Secondary schools Target Village: Chewele and Nanighi A standard secondary school normally has 4 classrooms. It is therefore assumed that the 5th “classroom” will be Classrooms 5 2 10 1,000,000 10,000 converted into staffroom Laboratory 1 2 2 1,500,000 3,000,000 Administration / staffroom block 1 2 2 4,000,000 8,000,000 Lockers 40* 8* 320 4,500 1,440,000 *40 Chairs 40* 8* 320 1,500 480,000 lockers/classroomX4classroo VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 42

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Stools 40* 8* 320 1,000 320,000 ms/villageX2 villages Tables 13 2 26 2,500 65,000 staff toilets 2 2 4 150,000 600,000 Students toilets 6 2 12 150,000 1,800,000 Water tanks 6 2 12 300,000 3,600,000 Dining hall 1 2 2 3,000,000 6,000,000 Kitchen 1 2 2 3,000,000 6,000,000 Fencing 1 2 2 1,500,000 3,000,000 Dormitory 2 2 4 2,600,000 10,400,000 Staff houses 2 2 4 2,000,000 8,000,000 Solar panels 0 Needs a visit tom the dealers Sub-totals 52,715,000 4 Vocational Training/Polytechnics: Upgrading of existing polytechnic in Bura Targeted Target Villages: Nanighi, Shikadabu, Gubato, Ghaigopa, Villages Shuqule Dormitory 2 1 2 2,600,0000 5,200,000 While each of the 6 villages Fencing 1 1 1 1,500,0000 1,500,000 prioritized vocational training Water tanks 6 1 6 300,000 1,800,000 centres, it was agreed during Kitchen 1 1 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 group planning sessions and Dining hall 1 1 1 3,000,000 3,000,000 in plenary that such centres, Solar panels 1 1 1 2,500,000 2,500,000 just as primary boarding and Library 1 1 1 3,000,000 3,000,000 secondary schools as well as 1 teachers colleges, could not be built in each village as there would not be adequate students to populate and fully utilize them. It was therefore agreed that there was a need to upgrade/improve the existing vocational training Staff houses 2 2 2,000,000 4,000,000 centre/polytechnic at Bura Sub-total 22,000,000 5 Teachers Training College Targeted Villages Target Villages: Bula Baraka Dormitory 4 1 4 5,000,000 20,000,000 Lecture Halls 12 1 12 3,000,000 36,000,000 Kitchen 1 1 1 6,000,000 6,000,000 Staff room 1 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 Laboratories 4 1 4 8,000,000 32,000,000 Dining hall 1 1 1 4,000,000 4,000,000 Library 1 1 1 5,000,000 5,000,000 Sport infrastructure/ 1 1 1 9,000,000 9,000,000 Administration block 1 1 1 4,000,000 4,000,000 Solar panels 1 1 1 8,000,000 8,000,000 According to need and level of education/training Scholarships 0 0 0 0 0 requested for Sub-total 125,500,000 Sub-total for the education sector for the WaIlwana VMG community of Tana River county 293,932,800

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 43

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

A4: Education Sector Projects for the Waata VMG Community of Kwale County 1 Modern Nursery schools for the Waata VMG Community of Kwale County Target Villages: Kikobeni, Kilibasi, Shirango (B) Classrooms 3 3 9 1,200,000 10,800,000 Hexagonal table for 3 63 pupils(mvule) 21 18,650 1,174,950 Arts and play 3 15 equipment (swings, slides, monkey hoops, beam balance and tunnel) 5 250,000 3,750,000 Plastic chairs 126 3 378 450 170,100 Teachers tables 3 3 9 2,500 22,500 Teachers chairs 3 3 9 1,500 13,500 Students toilets 2 3 6 850,000 5,100,000 Staff toilets 1 3 3 450,000 1,350,000 Water tanks 2 3 6 300,000 900,000 Fencing 1 3 3 1,500,000 4,500,000 Kitchen 1 3 3 300,000 900,000 Teacher preparation 3 3 room/store 1 1,000,000 3,000,000 31,681,050 2 Primary schools for the Waata VMG Community of Kwale County Target Villages: Kikobeni, Shirango (B) 8 Classroom block 8 2 16 1,200,000 19,200,000 Administration Block 1 2 2 5,200,000 10,400,000 Toilets - students 1 2 2 850,000 1,700,000 Desks 120 2 240 2,500 600,000 Tables - Teachers 8 2 16 2,500 40,000 Staff tables 6 2 12 2,500 30,000 Chairs - Teachers 16 2 32 1,500 48,000 Water tanks 6 2 12 300,000 3,600,000 Fencing 1 2 2 1,500,000 3,000,000 Kitchen 1 2 2 300,000 600,000 Dining hall 1 2 2 3,000,000 6,000,000 Sub-total 45,218,000 Sub-total for education sector for Waata VMGs of Kwale County 76,899,050

A5: Education Sector Projects for the Wakifundi VMG Community of Kwale County 1 Modern Nursery schools for the Wakifundi VMG Community of Kwale County Target Villages: Shimoni (Shangai, Anzwani) Classrooms 3 1 3 1,200,000 3,600,000 Hexagonal table for 1 pupils(mvule) 21 21 18,650 391,650 Arts and play 1 equipment (swings, slides, monkey hoops, beam balance and tunnel) 5 5 250,000 1,250,000 Plastic chairs 126 1 126 450 56,700.00 Teachers tables 3 1 3 2,500 7,500 Teachers chairs 3 1 3 1,500 4,500 Students toilets 2 1 2 850,000 1,700,000 staff toilets 1 1 1 450,000 450,000 Water tanks 2 1 2 300,000 600,000 Fencing 1 1 1 1,500,000 4,500,000 Kitchen 1 1 1 300,000 300,000

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 44

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Preparation room 1 &store for teachers 1 1 1,000,000 3,000,000 Sub-total 15,860,350 2 Vocational training centre for the Wakifundi of Kwale County Target Villages: Shimoni (Shangai, Anzwani) Twin workshops with 3-doors toilet 2 1 2 5,300,000 10,600,000 Administration 1 block 1 1 5,200,000 5,200,000 Shades 2 1 2 1,000,000 2,000.000 8 Classrooms block 1 1 1 9,600,000 9,600,000 Dormitory (cubical) 2 1 2 4,000,000 8,000,000 Fencing 1 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 Water tanks 6 1 6 300,000 1,800,000 Kitchen 1 1 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 Dining hall 1 1 1 3,000,000 3,000,000 Staff houses 2 1 2 2,000,000 4,000,000 College chairs 360 1 360 3,500 1,260,000 Tools and equipment for 8 1 trades 1 1 17,227,000 17,227,000 63,189,000 Sub-total for education sector for the Wakifunidi VMGs of Kwale county 79,049,350

A6: Education Sector Projects for the Wachwaka VMG Community of Kwale County 1 Improvement of Secondary school Target Villages: Fikirini The school was not named (so it is assumed to be Fikirini Secondary school Also, the block has not been broken down into units but it is assumed it will have HM’s Administration office Deputy HM’s office, Block and Staff staff room and Room 1 1 1 5,200,000 5,200,000 reception/Secretaries office Sub-total 5,200,000 2 Vocational training centre Target Villages: Fikirini Twin workshops with 3-doors toilet 2 1 2 5,300,000 10,600,000 Administration 1 block 1 1 5,200,000 5,200,000 Shades 2 1 2 1,000,000 2,000.000 8 Classrooms 1 block 1 1 9,600,000 9,600,000 Dormitory 1 cubical type 2 2 4,000,000 8,000,000 Fencing 1 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 Water tanks 6 1 6 300,000 1,800,000 Kitchen 1 1 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 Dining hall 1 1 1 3,000,000 3,000,000 Staff houses 2 1 2 2,000,000 4,000,000 College chairs 360 1 360 3,500 1,260,000 Tools and 1 equipment (8 trades) 1 1 17,227,000 17,227,000.00 Sub-total 63,189,000.00

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 45

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Sub-total for education sector for the WachwakaVMGs of Kwale County 68,389,000

A7: Education Sector Projects for Waata of Kilifi County 1 Modern Nursery schools for the Waata VMG Community of Kilifi County Target Villages: Mabuani, Bombi, Chamari Classrooms 3 3 9 1,200,000 10,800,000 Hexagonal table 3 63 for pupils(mvule) 21 18,650 1,174,950 Arts and play 3 15 equipment (swings, slides, monkey hoops, beam balance and tunnel) 5 250,000 3,750,000 Plastic chairs 126 3 378 450 170,100 Teachers tables 3 3 9 2,500 22,500 Teachers chairs 3 3 9 1,500 13,500 Students toilets 2 3 6 850,000 5,100,000 Staff toilets 1 3 3 450,000 1,350,000 Water tanks 2 3 6 300,000 900,000 Fencing 1 3 3 1,500,000 4,500,000 Kitchen 1 3 3 300,000 900,000 Teacher 3 3 preparation room & store 1 1,000,000 3,000,000 sub-total 31,681,050 2 Primary schools for the Waata VMG Community of Kilifi County Target Villages: Bombi and Mabuani 8 Classroom block 8 2 16 1,200,000.00 19,200,000 Administration Block 1 2 2 5,200,000.00 10,400,000 Toilets - students 1 2 2 850,000 1,700,000 Desks 120 2 240 2,500 600,000 Tables - Teachers 8 2 16 2,500 40,000 Staff tables 6 2 12 2,500 30,000 Chairs - Teachers 16 2 32 1,500 48,000 Water tanks 6 2 12 300,000 3,600,000 Fencing 1 2 2 1,500,000 3,000,000 Kitchen 1 2 2 300,000 600,000 Dining hall 1 2 2 3,000,000 6,000,000 Sub-total 45,218,000 3 Vocational training Centre for the Waata VMGs of Kilifi County Target Villages: Chamari, Majaoni, Barakachembe Twin workshops with 3- The feasibility of having 3 doors toilet 2 3 6 5,300,000 31,800,000 vocational training centres in Administration block 1 3 3 5,200,000 15,600,000 one county needs to be Shades 2 3 6 1,000,000 6,000,000 confirmed with the relevant 8 Classrooms block 1 3 3 9,600,000 28,800,000 authorities Dormitory cubical type 2 3 6 4,000,000 24,000,000 Fencing 1 3 3 1,500,000 4,500,000 Water tanks 6 3 18 300,000 5,400,000 Kitchen 1 3 3 1,000,000 3,000,000 Dining hall 1 3 3 3,000,000 9,000,000 Staff houses 2 3 6 2,000,000 12,000,000 College chairs 360 3 1,010 3,500 3,535,000 Tools and equipment (8 3 trades) 1 3 17,227,000 51,681,000 Sub-total 195,316,000 Sub-total for education sector for the Waata of Kilifi County 269,218,050

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 46

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

A8: Education Sector Projects for the Waata VMG Community of Taita Taveta County 1 Modern Nursery schools for the Waata VMG Community of Taita Taveta County Target Villages: Birikani, Kajire and Kisimeni Classrooms 3 3 9 1,200,000 10,800,000 Hexagonal table for 3 pupils (mvule) 21 63 18,650 1,174,950 Arts and play 3 equipment (swings, slides, monkey hoops, beam balance and tunnel) 5 15 250,000 3,750,000 Plastic chairs 126 3 378 450 170,100 Teachers tables 3 3 9 2,500 22,500 Teachers chairs 3 3 9 1,500 13,500 Students toilets 2 3 6 850,000 5,100,000 Staff Toilets 1 3 3 450,000 1,350,000 Water tanks 2 3 6 300,000 1,800,000.00 Fencing 1 3 3 1,500,000 4,500,000 Kitchen 1 3 3 300,000 900,000 Teacher preparation 3 room & store 1 3 1,000,000 3,000,000 Sub-total 32,581,050 2 Vocational training Centre for the Waata VMGs of Taita Taveta County Target Villages: Kisimeni, Bondeni and Birikani Twin workshops The feasibility of having 3 with 3-doors toilet 2 3 6 5,300,000 31,800,000 vocational training centres in Administration 3 one county needs to be block 1 3 5,200,000 15,600,000 confirmed with the relevant Shades 2 3 6 1,000,000 6,000,000 authorities 8 Classrooms block 1 3 3 9,600,000 28,800,000 Dormitory cubical 3 type 2 6 4,000,000 24,000,000 Fencing 1 3 3 1,500,000 4,500,000 Water tanks 6 3 18 300,000 5,400,000 Kitchen 1 3 3 1,000,000 3,000,000 Dining hall 1 3 3 3,000,000 9,000,000 Staff houses 2 3 6 2,000,000 12,000,000 College chairs 360 3 1,010 3,500 3,535,000 Tools and 3 equipment (8 trades) 1 3 17,227,000 51,681,000 Sub-total 195,316,000 Sub-total for education sector for the Waata VMG community of Taita Taveta 227,897,050 County

A9: Education Sector Projects for the Aweer and Sanye VMG Community of Lamu County 1 Modern Nursery school construction for the Aweer Community of Lamu County Target villages Madinah, Kiangwi, Bargoni, Kwadae Classrooms 3 4 10 2,000,000 20,000,000 Note that totals have Desks 20 4 80 4,000 320,000 been calculated based on Teachers tables 1 4 10 13,000 130,000 the quantity and unit Teachers chairs 1 4 10 3,500 35,000 costs, (and not number of Students toilets 2 4 8 850,000 6,800,000 villages or number of Staff toilets 2 4 8 450,000 3,600,000 units) Water tanks 2 4 8 350,000 2,800,000 Kitchen 1 4 8 500,000 2000,000 Sub-Total Nursery 35,685,000 2 Primary School Construction for the Aweer and Sanye VMG Communities of Lamu County Target Village Madinah, Basuba, Kiangwi, Shekale, Milimani and Bahati Njema, VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 47

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Pandanguo Classroom block 22 7 22 2,000,000 44,000,000 Administration Block 1 7 2 4,500,000 9,000,000 Students toilets 2 7 14 850,000 11,900,000 Desks 20 7 440 4,000 1,760,000 Teachers tables 22 7 22 13,000 286,000 Staff tables 4 7 28 10,000 280,000 Teachers chairs 22 7 154 3500 539,000 Water tanks 7 7 49 350,000 17,150,000 Fencing (Bargoni and 2 2 4 2,000,000 8,000,000 Pandanguo) Kitchen 1 7 7 500,000 3,500,000 Dining hall 1 7 7 4,000,000 28,000,000 Staff House(Basuba) 2 1 2 2,000,000 4,000,000 Sub-Total Primary School 128,415,000 3 Vocational Training/Polytechnics Target Village Bargoni Twin workshops with 2 1 16 5,300,000 84,800,000 Total calculations are 3-doors toilet based on unit costs and Administration block 1 1 8 5,200,000 41,600,000 quantity (and not on Shades 2 1 16 1,000,000 16,000,000 number of units And 8 Classrooms block 1 1 8 9,600,000 76,800,000 number of villages) Dormitory cubical 2 1 16 4,000,000 64000000 type Fencing 1 1 8 1,500,000 12000000 Water tanks 6 1 48 300,000 14400000 Kitchen 1 1 8 1,000,000 8000000 Dining hall 1 1 8 3,000,000 24000000 Staff houses 2 1 16 2,000,000 32000000 College chairs 360 1 2880 3,500 10,080,000 Tools and equipment 1 1 8 17,227,000 137,816,000 (8 trades) Power set 1 1 1 300,000 300,000 Total vocational training centres/Polytechnic 521,796,000 Sub-totals for education sector for Aweer and Sanye VMG communities of Lamu County 685,896,000

Grand Total for Education Projects for All VMG Communities 1,847,680,600

B. Health

B1: Health Sector Projects for the Munyoyaya VMG Community of Tana River County No. of Unit No Activities/Sub-Activities Units No. of Villages Quantity Cost Total Remarks 1 Dispensary construction for the Munyoyaya VMG Community

Targeted Villages Dirisa and Hadhama Incinerators 1 2 2 2,500,000 5,000,000

Sanitary Facility -VIPs (2 1 2 2 650,000 1,300,000 doors) Building 3 rooms (39 x 13 1 2 2 3,000,000 6,000,000 ft.) Equipment for dispensary for the Munyoyaya VMG Community 0 Examination Couches 2 2 4 4,000 16,000 Autoclaves 2 2 4 5,000 20,000 Sterilizers 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Stethoscopes 1 2 2 800 1,600 Tables 1 2 2 12,000 24,000 Chairs 3 2 6 1,000 6,000 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 48

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Screens 3 2 6 3,000 18,000 Vestry beds 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Injections (Assorted) 1 2 2 4,000 8,000 BP Machines 1 2 2 6,000 12,000 Cupboards 1 2 2 10,000 20,000 Safe cabinets (Medicine) 1 2 2 10,000 20,000 Kidney dishes 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Scissors (Assorted) 1 2 2 8,000 16,000 Thermometers (Assorted) 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Tape measures 1 2 2 1,000 2,000 Tweezers 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Weighing machines 2 2 4 8,000 32,000 Oscilloscopes 2 2 4 10,000 40,000 Refrigerator 1 2 2 20,000 40,000 Safety boxes 1 2 2 10,000 20,000 Gas cylinders 2 2 4 10,000 40,000 Contingency 1 2 2 100,000 200,000 Referral System (Phone) 1 2 2 40,000 80,000 Sub-Totals 12,965,600 2 Maternity Wing construction for the Munyoyaya VMG Community Target Villages Dirisa, Hadhama and Boji Building 4 rooms (52 x13 ft.) 1 3 3 3,500,000 10,500,000 Placenta pit 1 3 3 150,000 450,000 Water reservoir -Ferro-cement 1 3 3 1,200,000 3,600,000 50,000ltrs Equipment (Delivery coaches, 1 3 3 2,000,000 6,000,000 Baby cots, Oxygen Cylinders, Linen, Thermometers, Cleaning equipment’s, Green Towels, Weighing Machines, Sucker, Delivery set) Sub-Total Maternity wing 20,550,000 3 Staff House for the Munyoyaya VMG Community Staffing is the Target Villages Dirisa, Hadhama and Boji responsibility of Building (3 rooms) -37 X 8 ft. 1 3 3 500,000 1,500,000 the county Staff (2 Nurses, 1 Public 0 government health Officer and 1 Community Health Assistant) 4 Fencing of Health Facilities for the Munyoyaya VMG Community 0 Dirisa, Hadhama and Boji 0 Fence (chain link with 1 3 3 700,000 2,100,000 Concrete posts)-2/4 acres 5 Lighting Health Facilities for the Munyoyaya VMG Community 0 0 Target Villages: Dirisa, Hadhama and Boji 0 Solar Lighting 1 3 3 200,000 600,000 Sub-Total Lighting 4,200,000 Sub-Total Costs of Health Projects for the Munyoyaya VMG community of Tana River County 37,715,600

B2: Health Sector Projects for the Waata VMG Community of Tana River County No. of No. of Quantit Unit Remarks No Activities/Sub-Activities Units Villages y Cost Total 1 Dispensary construction for the Waata VMG Community No village from Targeted Villages Darime and Gora the Waata Incinerators 1 2 2 2,500,000 5,000,000 community Sanitary Facility -VIPs (2 1 2 2 650,000 1,300,000 indicated that they doors) needed a

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 49

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Building 3 rooms (39 x 13 ft.) 1 2 2 3,000,000 6,000,000 Maternity Facility Equipment for dispensary for the Waata VMG Community 0 0 Examination Couches 2 2 4 4,000 16,000 Autoclaves 2 2 4 5,000 20,000 Sterilisers 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Stethoscopes 1 2 2 800 1,600 Tables 1 2 2 12,000 24,000 Chairs 3 2 6 1,000 6,000 Screens 3 2 6 3,000 18,000 Vestry beds 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Injections (Assorted) 1 2 2 4,000 8,000 BP Machines 1 2 2 6,000 12,000 Cupboards 1 2 2 10,000 20,000 Safe cabinets (Medicine) 1 2 2 10,000 20,000 Kidney dishes 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Scissors (Assorted) 1 2 2 8,000 16,000 Thermometers (Assorted) 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Tape measures 1 2 2 1,000 2,000 Tweezers 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Weighing machines 2 2 4 8,000 32,000 Oscilloscopes 2 2 4 10,000 40,000 Refrigerator 1 2 2 20,000 40,000 Safety boxes 1 2 2 10,000 20,000 Gas cylinders 2 2 4 10,000 40,000 Contingency 1 2 2 100,000 200,000 Referral System (Phone) 1 2 2 40,000 80,000 Sub-Total 12,965,600 2 Staff House construction for the Waata VMG Community Staffing is the Target Villages Darime and Gora responsibility of Building (3 rooms) -37 X 8 ft. 1 2 2 500,000 1,000,000 the county Staff (2 Nurses per facility, 3 0 government Public health Officers per location and 8 Community Health Assistants per sub location) Sub-Total Staff House 1,000,000 3 Fencing for Health Facilities for the Waata VMG Community Target Villages Darime and Gora Fence (chain link with 1 2 2 700,000 1,400,000 Concrete posts)-2/4 acres Sub-Total Fencing 1,400,000 4 Lighting Health Facilities for the Waata VMG Community Target Villages Darime and Gora Solar Lighting 1 2 2 200,000 400,000 Sub-Total Lighting 400,000 Total Costs for Tana River Waata VMG community Health Projects 15,765,600

B3: Health Sector Projects for the WaIlwana VMG Community of Tana River County No. of No. of Remarks No Activities/Sub-Activities Units Villages Quantity Unit Cost Total 1 Dispensary construction for the WaIlwana VMG Community Vango is 3km away from Tune, Chewele, ShiaAdobe, Mikomani, Dabolo, Ghamorori the closest health facility Targeted Villages and Masibabu which is in Madogo, Incinerators 1 7 2,500,000 17,500,000 Kimilo is 1km away from 7 the closest health facility Sanitary Facility -VIPs (2 1 7 650,000 4,550,000 which is in Sala (The doors) 7 Health facility at Sala has Building 3 rooms (39 x 1 7 3,000,000 21,000,000 no staff so they have to go 13 ft.) 7 to Sombo which is 15 km

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 50

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Equipment for dispensary for the WaIlwana VMG 0 0 away)and Shuqule is Community 0.5km away from the Examination Couches 2 7 14 4,000 56,000 closest health facility Autoclaves 2 7 14 5,000 70,000 which is in Bura East. Sterilisers 1 7 7 5,000 35,000 County government Stethoscopes 1 7 7 800 5,600 should allocate staff to the Tables 1 7 7 12,000 252,000 Health Facility at Sala Chairs 3 7 21 1,000 21,000 therefore, Vango, Kimilo Screens 3 7 21 3,000 63,000 and Shuqule have not Vestry beds 1 7 7 5,000 35,000 been included in the list of Injections (Assorted) 1 7 7 4,000 28,000 villages that need a dispensary BP Machines 1 7 7 6,000 42,000 Cupboards 1 7 7 10,000 70,000 Safe cabinets (Medicine) 1 7 7 10,000 70,000 Kidney dishes 1 7 7 5,000 35,000 Scissors (Assorted) 1 7 7 8,000 56,000 Thermometers (Assorted) 1 7 7 5,000 35,000 Tape measures 1 7 7 1,000 7,000 Tweezers 1 7 7 5,000 35,000 Weighing machines 2 7 14 8,000 112,000 Oscilloscopes 2 7 14 10,000 140,000 Refrigerator 1 7 7 20,000 140,000 Safety boxes 1 7 7 10,000 70,000 Gas cylinders 2 7 14 10,000 140,000 Contingency 1 7 7 100,000 700,000 Referral System (Phone) 1 7 7 40,000 280,000 Sub-Total 45,547,600 2 Maternity Wing construction for the WaIlwana VMG Community Nanighi already has a Target Villages Nanighi, and Darba dispensary and it is 3km Building 4 rooms (52 1 2 1 3,500,000 away from Darba. x13 ft.) 7,000,000 Therefore, the maternity Placenta pit 1 2 1 150,000 300,000 wing should be Water reservoir -Ferro- 1 2 1 1,200,000 constructed at the cement 50,000ltrs 2,400,000 dispensary in Nanighi. Equipment (Delivery 1 2 1 2,000,000 coaches, Baby cots, 4,000,000 Oxygen Cylinders, Linen, Thermometers, Cleaning equipment’s, Green Towels, Weighing Machines, Sucker, Delivery set) Sub-Total Maternity 13,700,000 wing 3 Staff House construction for the WaIlwana VMG Community Staffing is the Target Villages Nanighi, Darba, Tune, Chewele, ShiaAdobe, Mikomani, responsibility of the Dabolo, Ghamorori, Masibabu and Sombo county government Building (3 rooms) -37 X 1 10 10 500,000 8 ft. 5,000,000 Staff (2 Nurses per facility, 3 Public health Officers per location and 8 Community Health Assistants per sub location) Sub-Total Staff House 5,000,000 4 Fencing for Health Facilities for the WaIlwana VMG Community Target Villages Nanighi, Darba, Tune, Chewele, ShiaAdobe, Mikomani, Dabolo, Ghamorori, Masibabu and Sombo VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 51

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Fence (chain link with 1 10 10 700,000 7,000,000 Concrete posts)-2/4 acres Sub-Total Fencing 7,000,000 5 Lighting Health Facilities for the WaIlwana VMG Community Target Villages Nanighi, Darba, Tune, Chewele, ShiaAdobe, Mikomani, Dabolo, Ghamorori, Masibabu and Sombo Solar Lighting 1 10 10 200,000 2,000,000 Sub-Total Lighting 2,000,000 Total Costs for Tana River WaiIwana VMG community Health Projects 73,247,600

B4: Health Sector Projects for the Wataa VMG Community of Taita Taveta County Waata of Taita Taveta County did not prioritize any Health The Waata are the only VMGs in Taita Taveta Projects County

B5: Health Sector Projects for the Wataa VMG Community of Kwale County No No. of No. of Remarks . Activities/Sub-Activities Units Villages Quantity Unit Cost Total 1 Dispensary construction for the Waata VMG Community Only one Waata village in Targeted Village Shirango B Kwale County wanted a Incinerators 1 1 1 2,500,000 2,500,000 dispensary Sanitary Facility -VIPs (2 1 1 650,000 doors) 1 650,000 Building 3 rooms (39 x 1 1 1 3,000,000 3,000,000 13 ft.) Equipment for dispensary for the Waata VMG Community 0 Water Tank PVC (10 1 1 1 85,000 85,000 litres) Examination Couches 1 1 1 4,000 4,000 Autoclaves 1 1 1 5,000 5,000 Sterilisers 1 1 1 5,000 5,000 Stethoscopes 1 1 1 800 800 Tables 1 1 1 12,000 12,000 Chairs 1 1 1 1,000 1,000 Screens 1 1 1 3,000 3,000 Vestry beds 1 1 1 5,000 5,000 Injections (Assorted) 1 1 1 4,000 4,000 BP Machines 1 1 1 6,000 6,000 Cupboards 1 1 1 10,000 10,000 Safe cabinets (Medicine) 1 1 1 10,000 10,000 Kidney dishes 1 1 1 5,000 5,000 Scissors (Assorted) 1 1 1 8,000 8,000 Thermometers (Assorted) 1 1 1 5,000 5,000 Tape measures 1 1 1 1,000 1,000 Tweezers 1 1 1 5,000 5,000 Weighing machines 1 1 1 8,000 8,000 Oscilloscopes 1 1 1 10,000 10,000 Refrigerator 1 1 1 20,000 20,000 Safety boxes 1 1 1 10,000 10,000 Gas cylinders 1 1 1 10,000 10,000 Contingency 1 1 1 100,000 100,000 Referral System (Phone) 1 1 1 40,000 40,000 Sub-Total Equipment 6,522,800 2 Staff House construction for the Waata VMG Community Shirango B did not indicate that the need more Target Villages Shirango B staff for the Health Building (3 rooms) -37 X 1 1 1 500,000 500,000 Facility. 8 ft. Staffing is the Staff (2 Nurses per responsibility of the county facility, 3 Public health

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 52

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Officers per location and government 8 Community Health Assistants per sub location) Sub-Total Staff House 500,000 Sub-total Costs for Taita Taveta Waata VMG community Health Projects 7,022,800

B6: Health Sector Projects for the Wakifundi VMG Community of Kwale County Wakifundi of Kwale County did not ask for any Health Projects Note that the Wakifundi VMG community of Kwale County was represented by only one village (Shimoni Village) B7: Health Sector Projects for the Wachwaka VMG Community of Kwale County 1 Maternity Wing construction for the Wachwaka VMG Community Wachwaka VMG Target Village Fikirini Community of Building 4 rooms (52 x13 ft.) 1 1 1 3,500,000 3,500,000 Kwale County Placenta pit 1 1 1 150,000 150,000 was represented Delivery bed 1 1 1 500,000 500,000 only by Fikirini Water reservoir -Ferro- 1 1 1 1,200,000 1,200,000 village cement 50,000ltrs Equipment (Delivery 1 1 1 2,000,000 2,000,000 coaches, Baby cots, Oxygen Cylinders, Linen, Thermometers, Cleaning equipment’s, Green Towels, Weighing Machines, Sucker, Delivery set) Sub-Total Maternity wing 7,350,000 2 Staff Allocation for the Wachwaka VMG Community Health Facility Staffing is the Target Villages Fikirini responsibility of Staff (2 Nurses per facility, 3 00 the county Public health Officers per government. location, 8 Community The Health Health Assistants per sub officer indicated location and a Lab salaries as Technologist in Fikirini) follows: Sub-Total Staff House 00 Nurse:45,000 per month, Public Health officer:45,000 per month, Community Health Assistant:35,000 per month and Lab technologist:45,0 00 per month 3 Lighting Community Health Units for the Wachwaka VMG Community Target Village Fikirini Community health Unit 1 1 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 Sub-Total Lighting 1,000,000 4 Fencing for Health Facilities for the Wachwaka VMG Community Target Village Fikirini Fence and gate 1 1 1 640,000 640,000 Sub-Total Fencing 640,000 Total Costs of Health Projects for Wachwaka VMG community of Kwale County 8,990,000

B8: Health Sector Projects for the Waata VMG Community of Kilifi County No. of No. of Remarks No Activities/Sub-Activities Units Villages Qty Unit Cost Total VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 53

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

1 Dispensary construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Villages Bombi and Mabuani Incinerators 1 2 2 2,500,000 5,000,000 Sanitary Facility -VIPs (2 1 2 2 650,000 1,300,000 doors) Building 3 rooms (39 x 13 1 2 2 3,000,000 6,000,000 ft.) Equipment for dispensary for the Waata VMG Community 0 Water Tank PVC (10 litres) 1 1 1 85,000 85,000 Examination Couches 2 2 4 4,000 16,000 Autoclaves 2 2 4 5,000 20,000 Sterilisers 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Stethoscopes 1 2 2 800 1,600 Tables 1 2 2 12,000 24,000 Chairs 3 2 6 1,000 6,000 Screens 3 2 6 3,000 18,000 Vestry beds 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Injections (Assorted) 1 2 2 4,000 8,000 BP Machines 1 2 2 6,000 12,000 Cupboards 1 2 2 10,000 20,000 Safe cabinets (Medicine) 1 2 2 10,000 20,000 Kidney dishes 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Scissors (Assorted) 1 2 2 8,000 16,000 Thermometers (Assorted) 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Tape measures 1 2 2 1,000 2,000 Tweezers 1 2 2 5,000 10,000 Weighing machines 2 2 4 8,000 32,000 Oscilloscopes 2 2 4 10,000 40,000 Refrigerator 1 2 2 20,000 40,000 Safety boxes 1 2 2 10,000 20,000 Gas cylinders 2 2 4 10,000 40,000 Contingency 1 2 2 100,000 200,000 Referral System (Phone) 1 2 2 40,000 80,000 Sub-Total Equipment 13,050,600 2 Maternity Wing construction for the Wachwaka VMG Community Target Villages Bombi, Mabuani and Chamari Building 4 rooms (52 x13 ft.) 1 3 3 3,500,000 10,500,000 Placenta pit 1 3 3 150,000 450,000 Delivery bed 1 3 3 500,000 1,500,000 Water reservoir -Ferro- 1 3 3 1,200,000 3,600,000 cement 50,000ltrs Equipment (Delivery 1 3 3 2,000,000 6,000,000 coaches, Baby cots, Oxygen Cylinders, Linen, Thermometers, Cleaning equipment’s, Green Towels, Weighing Machines, Sucker, Delivery set) Sub-Total Maternity wing 22,050,000 3 Staff House construction for the Waata VMG Community Staffing is the responsibility of Target Villages Bombi and Mabuani the county Building (3 rooms) -37 X 8 1 2 2 500,000 1,000,000 government ft. Staff (2 Nurses per facility, 3 Public health Officers per location and 8 Community Health Assistants per sub location) Sub-Total Staff House 1,000,000 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 54

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

4 Staff Allocation for the Waata VMG Community Health Facility  The Health Target Villages Chamari, Mabuani and Bombi officer Staff (2 Nurses per facility, 3 00 indicated Public health Officers per salaries as location, 8 Community follows: Health Assistants per sub  Nurse:45,0 location and a Lab 00 per Technologist in Chamari, month, Mabuani and Bombi)  Public Sub-Total Staff House 00 Health officer:45,0 00 per month, Community Health Assistant:3 5,000 per month and Lab technologist :45,000 per month 5 Lighting of Community Health Units for the Waata VMG Community Target Villages Mabuani,Bombi,Debase and Chamari Community health Unit 1 4 4 1,000,000 4,000,000 Sub-Total Lighting 4,000,000 Total Costs of Health Projects for the Waata VMG community of Kilifi County 40,100,600

B9: Health Sector Projects for Aweer and Sanye VMG communities of Lamu County Activities / Sub-Activities Category No. Villages Qty Unit Cost Total Remarks 1 Construction & Equipping of Dispensaries for the Aweer Community of Lamu County Target villages Bargoni, Madina, Basuba, Kiangwe, Mararani and Milimani Building 3 rooms (39 x 13 C/Works 6 1 5,000,000 30,000,000 ft.) Incinerators C/Works 6 1 2,500,000 15,000,000 Sanitary Facility -VIPs (2 C/Works 6 1 650,000 3,900,000 doors) Equipment 0 Examination Couches Goods 6 1 10,000 60,000 Autoclaves Goods 6 1 10,000 60,000 Sterilisers Goods 6 1 10,000 60,000 Stethoscopes Goods 6 1 2,000 12,000 Tables Goods 6 1 20,000 120,000 Chairs Goods 6 1 4,000 24,000 Screens Goods 6 1 6,000 36,000 Vestry beds Goods 6 1 10,000 60,000 Injections (Assorted) Goods 6 1 6,000 36,000 BP Machines Goods 6 1 20,000 120,000 Cupboards Goods 6 1 20,000 120,000 Safe cabinets (Medicine) Goods 6 1 30,000 180,000 Kidney dishes Goods 6 1 8,000 48,000 Scissors (Assorted) Goods 6 1 8,000 48,000 Thermometers (Assorted) Goods 6 1 10,000 60,000 Tape measures Goods 6 1 1,000 6,000 Tweezers Goods 6 1 5,000 30,000 Weighing machines Goods 6 1 8,000 48,000 Oscilloscopes Goods 6 1 10,000 60,000 Refrigerator Goods 6 1 100,000 600,000 Safety boxes Goods 6 1 10,000 60,000 Gas cylinders Goods 6 1 15,000 90,000 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 55

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Contingency Goods 6 1 400,000 2,400,000 Referral System (Phone) Goods 6 1 40,000 240,000 Sub-Totals construction and equipment 53,478,000 2 Maternity Wing for the Sanye and Aweer Communities of Lamu County Target Villages Mangai, Panda Nguo, Bargoni, Madina, Basuba, Kiangwe, Note that Mararani and Milimani Mkunumbi village Building 4 rooms (52 x13 ft.) C/Works 8 1 4,000,000 is the nearest centre for 32,000,000 Wasanye and they Placenta pit C/Works 8 1 250,000 chose to have the 2,000,000 existing dispensary Water reservoir -Ferro- C/Works 8 1 1,200,000 here renovated and cement 50,000ltrs 9,600,000 supported with a Equipment : Delivery 8 1 2,000,000 lab, maternity and coaches, Baby cots, Oxygen 16,000,000 additional equipment. Cylinders, Linen, Thermometers, Cleaning equipment’s, Green Towels, Weighing, Machines, Sucker, Delivery set Totals Maternity wing 59,600,000 3 Staff House and staffing levels for the Aweer and Sanye Communities of Lamu County Target Villages: Mangai, Mkomani, Bargoni, Madina, Basuba, Kiangwe, Mararani and Milimani Building (3 rooms) -37 X 8 ft. C/Works 8 1 1,500,000 12,000,000 Staffing levels 0 Staffing is the 2 Nurses 0 responsibility of 1 Public health Officer 0 6the county 1 Community Health Assistant 0 government Totals staff houses 12,000,000 4 Fencing Mkomani is a Target Villages: Mangai, Mkomani, Bargoni, Madina, Basuba, Kiangwe, Mararani and Bajuni Village Milimani close to Aweer (Chain link with Concrete posts)-2/4 C/Works 8 1 1,000,000 8,000,000 acres Totals Fencing 8,000,000 5 Lighting for the Aweer Community of Lamu County Target Villages: Mangai, Mkomani, Bargoni, Madina, Basuba, Kiangwe, Mararani and Milimani Solar Lighting 8 1 400,000 3,200,000 Totals Lighting 3,200,000 6 Laboratory construction and equipment for the Aweer Community of Lamu County Target Villages: Mangai, Mkomani, Bargoni, Madina, Basuba, Kiangwe, Mararani and Milimani Construction civil 8 1 1,000,000 works 8,000,000 Lab Equipment 0 0 Microscope 8 1 150,000 1,200,000 Autoclave 8 1 10,000 80,000 Waste buckets 8 1 100,000 800,000 Reagents (assorted) 8 1 200,000 1,600,000 Stools 8 1 1,000 8,000 Hematology analyzer 8 1 500,000 4,000,000 Contingency 8 1 150,000 1,200,000 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 56

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Totals lab equipment 16,888,000 7 Mobile Clinic for Aweer and Sanye Communities of Lamu County Target Villages All villages belonging to the two communities Mobile clinic (fully equipped) 1 1 The Mobile Clinic 15,000,000 15,000,000 was targets pregnant women and immunization Totals Mobile Clinic 15,000,000 8 Renovation of Dispensary for the Aweer Community of Lamu County Target Villages Panda Nguo, Mangai, Mkunumbi Renovation civil 3 1 5,000,000 15,000,000 works Totals Renovation 15,000,000 Sub-Totals for Health Facilities for the Sanye and Aweer VMG Communities of Lamu County 196,854,000

Grand Total for Health Sector Projects for All VMG Communities 379,696,200

C. Public Sanitation Sub-Sector C1: Public Sanitation for Munyoyaya of Tana River County 1 Public Toilets for the Munyoyaya VMG Community The village based toilets as Target Villages Mahtawabsesa, Lagbadana and Hadhama proposed has 2 door pit latrines 1 3 3 600,000 1,800,000 been strongly Sub-Total Public Toilets 1,800,000 disapproved by Public Health) UNLESS it is taken as business to ensure sustainability Total Costs for Munyoyaya VMG community Public Sanitation Projects 1,800,000

C2: Public Sanitation for Waata of Tana River County 1 Public Toilets for the Waata VMG Community The village Target Village Hamesa based toilets as 2 door pit latrines 1 1 1 600,000 600,000 proposed has Sub-Total Public Toilets been strongly disapproved by Public Health department as it is difficult to maintain

C3: Public Sanitation for Aweer Community of Tana River 1 Public Toilets for the Aweer Community of Lamu County Target Villages Mkunumbi, Mangai, Mkomani Bargoni, Madina, Basuba, Kiangwe, Mararani and Milimani 2 door pit latrines Civil works 9 1 600,000 5,400,000 Sub-Totals 5,400,000

Grand Total for Public Sanitation Projects for All VMGs 7,800,000

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 57

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

D. Water Sector

D1: Water projects for Munyoyaya VMG Community of Tana River County No Activity/Sub-Activity Category Qty No. of Unit Cost Total Remarks Villages 1 Borehole Drilling Target Villages: Hadhama, Korati, Mansghuda, Qurulicha, Konegudhunfa, Bulaqumudhu, Boji, Malkamansa, Fafbare, Matawaresesa, Lagbadana, Konoramadha Hydrogeological Survey and Consultanci 1 19 While only 12 villages report for all Munyoyaya es 100,000 1,900,000 named are targeted for Villages borehole drilling, all Borehole Drilling (up to 200m Civil works 1 12 19+ Munyoyaya and testing 3,000,000 36,000,000 villages will be Borehole Equipping, fencing, Operations 1 12 covered by the solar panelling and water 5,000,000 60,000,000 hydrogeological distribution (at least 2 kiosks survey per village for approved boreholes Sub Total for Boreholes 97,900,000 2 Shallow well Rehabilitation Target Villages: Hadhama, Korati, Mansghuda, Qurulicha, Konegudhunfa, Bulaqumudhu, Boji, Malkamansa, Fafbare, Matawaresesa, Lagbadana, Konoramadha Status assessment of all non- Consultan 12 15 66,000 990,000 While the number of functional shallow wells cies targeted villages are Cleaning, deepening and Civil 12 15 300,000 4,500,000 12, they have a total of equipping of shallow wells works 15 Shallow wells among them Sub - Total 5,490,000 3a New Water Pan Construction Target Villages: Qurulicha & Mansughuda Survey, BoQ and design Consultan 1 2 150,000 300,000 cies Construction with wash aspects Civil 1 2 15,000,000 30,000,000 works 30,300,000 3b Rehabilitation of existing water pan Target Villages: Qurulicha Physical assessment Consultan 1 1 100,000 100,000 cies Construction Civil 1 1 5,000,000 5,000,000 works 5,100,000 4 Training Training on water projects Consultan 1 12 70,000 840,000 management: Operation and cies maintenance: 15 pax * 3 days *12 villages Sub-total cost of water for the Munyoyaya VMG community of Tana River County 139,630,000 D2: Water projects for Waata Community of Taita Taveta County 1 Masonry Tank construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Village: Birikani Construction of 200m3 1 1 3,500,000 3,500,000 masonry tank Sub-Total Construction 3,500,000 2 Water Pan construction for the Waata VMG Community

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 58

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Targeted Village: Bondeni Construct 20000m3 water 1 1 pan with silt trap 6,000,000 6,000,000 10000 litre Water tank, 1 1 pump, cattle trough & fittings 490,000 490,000 Fencing of 250m water pan 1 1 perimeter with chain-link & concrete posts 1,000,000 1,000,000 Soil erosion protection 1 1 works(vetiver on water pan banks) 150,000 150,000 Sub-Total Construction 7,640,000 3 Rock Catchment construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Village: Kajire 1 1 Survey and design 200,000 200,000 Supply and install 300m, 3" 1 1 HDPE pipes 600,000 600,000 1 1 Rock lining and intake works 1,000,000 1,000,000 Construct 200m3 masonry 1 1 tank 3,500,000 3,500,000 Supply and install 1500m, 2" 1 1 HDPE pipes 1,300,000 1,300,000 Sub-Total Construction 6,600,000 4 Borehole construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Village: Kisimeni 1 1 Hydrogeological survey 50,000 50,000 1 1 Drilling of 8" dia borehole 2,500,000 2,500,000 Test-pumping and water 1 1 quality test & analysis 100,000 100,000 Supply and install 10000 1 1 litre HDPE water tank on tank concrete tank tower 500,000 500,000 Supply and install 1 1 submersible pump to borehole 1,100,000 1,100,000 1 1 construct pump house 900,000 900,000

supply and install gen set & 1 1 control panel 2,500,000 2,500,000

Sub-Total Construction 7,650,000 Total Cost of Water Projects for the Waata VMG of Taita Taveta County 25,390,000

D3: Water projects for the Waata VMG Community of Kilifi County 1 Borehole construction for the Waata VMG Community of Kilifi Targeted Village: Chamari Hydrogeological 1 1 survey 50,000 50,000 Drilling of 8" dia 1 1 borehole 2,500,000 2,500,000 Test-pumping and 1 1 water quality test & analysis 100,000 100,000 Supply and install

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 59

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

10000 litre HDPE 500,000 500,000 water tank on tank concrete tank tower 1 1 Supply and install submersible pump to borehole 1 1 1,100,000 1,100,000 construct pump house 1 1 900,000 900,000 supply and install gen set & control panel 1 1 2,500,000 2,500,000 Sub-Total Construction 7,650,000 2a Masonry Tank construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Villages: Debase, Majaoni and Baraka Chembe Construction of 50m3 1 3 1,500,000 4,500,000 masonry tank Supply and install 300m, 1 3 300,000 900,000 2" HDPE pipe Sub-Total Construction 5,400,000 2b Masonry Tank construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Village: Mabuani Construct 100m3 masonry tank 1 1 2,300,000 2,300,000 Supply and install 1500m, 2" HDPE pipe 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 Sub-Total Construction 3,800,000 3 Water Pan construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Village: Mitangani (Shirango A) Construct 20000m3 water pan with silt trap 1 1 6,000,000 6,000,000 10000 litre Water tank, pump, cattle trough & 1 1 fittings 490,000 490,000 Fencing of 250m water pan perimeter with chain- link & concrete posts 1 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 Soil erosion protection works(vetiver on water pan banks) 1 1 150,000 150,000 Sub-Total Construction 7,640,000 Total Costs for Water Projects by Waata VMG community from Kilifi County 24,490,000

D4: Water projects for Waata VMG Community of Kwale County 1a Piped Water construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Village: Kikobeni Construct standard water 1 1 300,000 300,000 kiosk Supply and install 1500m, 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 2" HDPE pipe Sub-Total Construction 1,800,000 1b Piped Water construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Village: Landi Construct 100m3 masonry 1 1 2,300,000 2,300,000 tank Supply and install 1500m, 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 2" HDPE pipe Sub-Total Construction 3,800,000 1c Piped Water construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Village: Kilibasi Construct standard water 1 1 300,000 300,000 kiosk Supply and install 1 1 10,000,000 10,000,000 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 60

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

10,000m, 2" HDPE pipe Sub-Total Construction 10,300,000 1d Piped Water construction for the Waata VMG Community Targeted Village: Shirango B Construct standard water 1 1 300,000 300,000 kiosk Supply and install 5000m, 1 1 5,000,000 5,000,000 2" HDPE pipe Sub-Total Construction 5,300,000 Total Costs for Water Projects by Waata VMG community from Kwale County 21,200,000

D5: Water projects for the Wachwaka VMG Community of Kwale County 1 Water supply from Shallow Wells for the Wachwaka VMG Community Targeted Village: Fikirini Rehabilitate shallow wells to accommodate submersible pump 1 1 100,000 100,000 Install 3-phase power supply 1 1 500,000 500,000 Supply and install submersible pump 1 1 1,100,000 1,100,000 Construct pump house 1 1 900,000 900,000 Test pumping 1 1 100,000 100,000 Supply and install elevated steel tank, not exceeding 30m 1 1 2,500,000 2,500,000 Supply and install 6000m, 2" HDPE pipe 1 1 6,000,000 6,000,000 Sub-Total 11,200,000 Construction Sub-total water Projects for Wachwaka VMG community from Kwale County 11,200,000

D6: Water projects for the Wakifundi VMG Community of Kwale County The Wakifundi VMG Community of Kwale Note, however, that the Wakifundi community was represented by County did not request for any water project only one village (Shimoni). It is therefore possible that other Wakifundi community villages could prioritize water projects if given opportunity

D7&D8: Water projects for Waata and WaIlwana VMG Communities of Tana River County3 No Activity/Sub-Activity Category Qty No. of Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost 1 Borehole construction for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG Communities The survey will be Targeted Village Darime, Nanighi, Bula Baraka, Dhida, Gubatu, Jara, Kaza Moyo, undertaken in all the Waata Tune, Shukule, Sombo, Gora, ShiaAdobe, Bili, Masibabu, and WaIlwana villages Ghamrori, Kimilo, Darba, Bale, Kyobe, Ghaigopa, Hamesa and Mikomani Hydrogeological survey and Report covering all the Ilwana and Waatavillages 1 25 10,000 2,500,000 Borehole drilling and testing 1 13 3,000,000 39,000,000 Survey, Borehole equipping, fencing, solarpanelling and 8,000,000 104,000,000

3 Budgeting for water projects for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG communities of Tana River County was combined for all villages of the two communities that prioritized water. Delineation by tribe will have to be done on the ground at the start of implementation when hydrogeological survey results are known VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 61

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

reticulation to 2no kiosks for approved 1 13 bore holes Sub-Total borehole survey and construction 145,500,000 2 Shallow well rehabilitation projects for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG Communities  The villages were not Targeted Villages Chewele, Dabolo, Darime, Dhida, Gubatu, Jara, Kaza Moyo, grouped into their Tune and Shukule various communities Status assessment and (Waata and comprehensive report WaIlwana). It is of all non-functional therefore difficult to shallow wells (4days x divide the shallow well 3officers x 6000 rehabilitation projects +1villager x 11 x 500) 1 11 77,500 77,500 into the two Cleaning, Deepening communities of Waata and Equipping of and WaIlwana of Tana Shallow wells 1 11 390,000 4,290,000 River  The proposed shallow well rehabilitation sites are 11 in the 9 villages of Waata and WaIlwana.  The actual number of sites for shallow well rehabilitation will be determined after the status assessment  It is assumed that 1 villager from each of the shallow well rehabilitation sites will accompany the experts during the assessment hence 1villager x 11 x Sub-total shallow wells construction 4,367,500 500 3 Water Pan construction projects for the Waata VMG Communities Targeted Village Bili Survey, Design and BOQs 1 1 150,000 150,000 Full construction with WASH aspects and protection 1 1 15,000,000 15,000,000 Sub-total water pan construction 15,150,000 4 Community Training (water management committee) for the Waata and WaIlwana *This assumes that each VMG Communities village will have one form Targeted Village Chewele, Vango, Dabolo, Darime, Nanighi, Bula Baraka, Dhida, of water facility or the Gubatu, Jara, Kaza Moyo, Tune, Shukule, Sombo, Gora, other. The actual number of ShiaAdobe, Bili, Masibabu, Ghamrori, Kimilo, Darba, Bale, sites for training will be Kyobe, Ghaigopa, Hamesa and Mikomani (These include Waata determined after the and WaIlwana villages: see footnote) assessment 3 day Training 1 25* 70,000** 1,750,000 **The estimate budget includes the cost of 3 Trainers and Training Sub-Total Construction 1,750,000 materials Sub-totals for Water Projects for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG communities of 166,767,500 Tana River County

D9: Water sector projects for the Aweer VMG community of Lamu County 1 Shallow well Construction for the Aweer VMG Community of Lamu County Target Village Mararani and Pandanguo Hydrogeological survey Consultancies

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 62

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Status assessment of all Consultancies 2 16 66,000 1,056,000 non-functional shallow wells Cleaning and equipping Civil works 2 16 100,000 1,600,000 of shallow wells with water pump Construction of pump Civil works 2 16 1,500,000 24,000,000 house Equipping the pump Civil works 2 16 1,000,000 16,000,000 house with a genset and accessories Construction of the Civil works 2 16 800,000 12,800,000 pipeline Construction of a water Civil works 2 16 800,000 12,800,000 kiosk and tank base Construction of 5 wells Civil works 2 16 1,000,000 16,000,000 equipped with Afridev pumps Fencing of the wells Civil works 2 16 150,000 2,400,000 Sub - Total 86,656,000 2 Water Pipeline Extension for the Aweer VMG Community of Lamu County Target Village Basuba Construction of pipeline 38,000,000 Note that survey, which and all related part of this estimate, has accessories; survey and already been done by costing already done the water department Sub-Total water 38,000,000 pipeline 3 Construction of 300 cubic metres Djabia Target Villages Basuba, Kiangwi, Madina, Bargoni and Mararani Constructing and 1 6 3,000,000 18,000,000 equipping the 300 cubic meters Djabia Sub-Total Djabia 18,000,000 4 Pandanguo and Bargoni water projects have been surveyed and costed by 300,000,000 County Government is County Government (at the cost shown) sourcing for funds Sub-totals for water projects for the Aweer Community of Lamu County 442,656,000

D10: Water Sector Projects for the Sanye VMG communities of Lamu County Water Pipeline Extension for the Sanye VMG Community of Lamu County Target Villages Bahati Njema, Kwadae, Kizuke and Shekale 1 Bahati Njema Village Construction of 3km pipeline C/works 1 1 3,090,000 3,090,000 Fittings and accessories 1 1 500,000 500,000 Pipeline chambers 1 1 300,000 300,000 Construction of a water kiosk, tank bases 1 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 and installation of two tanks 10,000 and 5,000 litre tank Sub-Total Bahati Njema 4,890,000 2 Shekale Village Construction of 1km pipeline 2'' 1 1 850,000 850,000 Fittings and accessories 1 1 250,000 250,000 Pipeline chambers 1 1 150,000 150,000 Construction of a water kiosk, tank bases 1 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 and installation of tanks Sub-Total Shekale 2,250,000 2 Kizuke Village Construction of 3.5km pipeline 2'' 1 1 3,605,000.00 3,605,000 Fittings and accessories 1 1 350,000.00 350,000 Pipeline chambers 1 1 350,000.00 350,000 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 63

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Construction of a water kiosk, tank bases 1 1 1,000,000.00 1,000,000 and installation of 10,000 and 5,000 litre tank Sub-Total Kizuke 5,305,000 3 Kwadae Village Construction of 3.5km pipeline 2'' 1 1 1,545,000.00 1,545,000 Fittings and accessories 1 1 200,000.00 200,000 Pipeline chambers 1 1 200,000.00 200,000 Construction of a water kiosk, tank bases 1 1 1,000,000.00 1,000,000 and installation of 10,000 and 5,000 litre tank Sub-Total Kwadae 2,945,000 Sub-Totals for water projects for the Wasanye community of Lamu County 15,390,000 4 Training It is assumed Training on water projects management: Consulta 11 1 70,000 770,000 that the training Operation and maintenance: 15 pax * 3 ncies budget is days *12 villages estimated for the both the Aweer and the Wasanye villages Sub-Total for Training 770,000

Grand Total for Water Projects for All VMG Communities 847,493,500 E. F. Infrastructure Support

E1: Bridge for Bombi Village, Waata VMG Community, Kilifi County Activities / Sub-Activities Category No. Qty/Pax No. Unit Total Villages Days Cost Support for Infrastructure - Bombi Village Site Assessment Facilitate technical Experts to undertake site Service 1 3 4 14,000 168,000 assessment and generate BQ Drivers Service 1 2 4 6,300 50,400 Fuel Service 1 2 2 5,000 20,000 Support for EIA Report Service 1 1 1 100,000 100,000 Civil Works Estimated cost for rehabilitation Contract Civil 1 1 1 4,000,000 4,000,000 Works Sub-Total 4,338,400

Grand Total for Infrastructure Support for Bombi Village 4,338,400

Grand Total for all Community Service Projects 3,087,008,700

8.2.1 Livelihoods, Economic and Cultural Support Projects

A. Livelihood Micro-Projects for the Munyoyaya Community of Tana River County

A1: Goat rearing No. Activities/Sub-Activities Category No. of Qty Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost 1 Support for local goat rearing for the Munyoyaya VMG Target villages Matawarsesa Dirisa, Fafbare, Lagbadana, Mansghuda, Note:

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 64

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Qululiccha, Mulanjo, Bulaqumudho, Adele, Mororo,  The Korati, Boji, Hadhama, Butuma, Madogo, Konegudhufa, estimates Malkamansa and Konoramadha are based Training per Village 0 on the Training materials per Village Training 19 100 200 380,000 number of Lunch ( during Training ) Training 19 100 500 950,000 VMG Facilitators ( DSA Rate) Training 19 4 7,000 532,000 villages per communit y and working with 100 household s per village)  However, a household can only choose one type of livelihood micro- project based on their ability to manage and sustain it Goat Housing (sanzu; self-build) No 19 100 0 0  Responsib ility of household ers Purchase of 2 years local goats No 19 500 5,000 47,500,000  The goats gender: male to female ratio is 1:4  Quantity of goats per household is to be decided by the project based on what can sustainabl y place the household on the road to livelihood self sufficienc y Vaccines No 19 100 0 0 Responsibility of County Government

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 65

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Medicine ( Assorted) No 19 500 1,000 9,500,000 This is for six months per HH Sub-Total for Goat Rearing 58,862,000 2 Support for Beekeeping for the Munyoyaya VMG Community Note Target villages Matawarsesa Dirisa, Fafbare, Lagbadana, Mansghuda,  The Qululiccha, Mulanjo, Bulaqumudho, Adele, Mororo, estimates Korati, Boji, Hadhama, Butuma, Madogo, Konegudhufa, are based Malkamansa and Konoramadha on the number of VMG villages per communit y and working with 100 household s per village)  beekeepin g will be implement ed at the group level e.g. by youth groups 2a Training per Village on 0  No of Training beekeeping beehives Training materials per Village Training 19 100 200 380,000 per group Lunch ( during Training ) Training 19 100 00 950,000 will Facilitators (DSA Rate) Training 19 4 7,000 532,000 depend on Bee hive ( Langstroth) No 19 100 4,650 8,835,000 number of 2b Beekeeping equipment 0 members in the Bee Keeping Kit ( Nylon) No 19 1 10,000 190,000 group and Honey Extractor No 19 1 75,000 1,425,000 whether Honey Refractometer No 19 1 60,000 1,140,000 each Honey Setting Tank 19 1 50,000 950,000 member No has to have own beehive Packing Tapes No 19 100 100 190,000 Wax Extractor No 19 1 30,000 570,000 Digital Weighing Scale No 19 1 50,000 950,000 Sealer Machine No 19 1 60,000 1,140,000 Honey Processor No 19 1 120,000 2,280,000 Plastic Jar ( 250 g / 500 g) No 19 100 45 85,500 Harvesting Buckets No 19 100 1,000 1,900,000 Sub-Total for Beekeepingtraining and equipment 21,517,500 3 Support to Poultry production for the Munyoyaya VMG Community Target villages Matawarsesa Dirisa, Fafbare, Lagbadana, Mansghuda,  The Qululiccha, Mulanjo, Bulaqumudho, Adele, Mororo, estimates Korati, Boji, Hadhama, Butuma, Madogo, Konegudhufa, are based Malkamansa and Konoramadha on the number of VMG villages per communit y and VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 66

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

working with 100 household s per village)  Training to be done Training per Village at village 4 level Training materials per Village Training 19 100 200 380,000 Lunch ( during Training ) Training 19 100 500 950,000 Facilitators’ ( DSA Rate) Training 19 4 7,000 532,000 Chicken Chicken 19 500 500 4,750,000  Locally Bought in Baghali , the type of chicken bought are juveniles 3 months Chicken Housing Equipment 19 100 10,000 19,000,000  Offered Vaccine ( New Castle Disease ) No. 19 100 0 freely by the 0 County Governme nt Sub-Total Poultry 25,612,000 Sub-Total Livestock for Munyoyaya VMG community 105,991,500

A2: Agricultural projects for Munyoyaya VMG community of Tana River County Activities / Sub-Activities Category No. Qty Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost 1 Irrigated farming for Munyoyaya VMG community 1a Fencing Target Villages Mansguda, Mataworsesa, Boji, Adele, Fafbare, Mulanjo, Korati, Malkamasa, Butuma, Kululicha, Netted fence supported by bricks CivilBula Firimbi,13 Konoramadha 280 and 3,000Lagbadhana 10,920,000 and cemented base including labour works and (CF 1 acre (70x70m): Unit cost Subper metre)-Total materialsFencing 10,920,000

1b Canal Target Villages Mansguda, Mataworsesa, Fafbare and Adele Main brick canal from the river to Civil 4 500 2,500 5,000,000 the farm: Including labour and works materials (CF 1Topx0.5Dx0.4Bottom) - (m): Unit Infieldcost per water metre distribution canals Civil 4 70 1,000 280,000 Infield water distribution boxes Civilworks 4 2 40,000 320,000 Sub-Total Canal works 5,600,000 1c Solar panel powered pump capable of irrigating 50 acres Target Villages Mansguda, Mataworsesa, Boji, Adele, Fafbare, Mulanjo, Korati, Malkamasa, Butuma, Kululicha, Suction end pump 15 KW Bula Firimbi and Konoramadha13 1 Lagbadhana200,00 2,600,000 discharge at 10L/s at 40m hydraulic 0 132head Solar panels 150W/160W 24 13 1 2,000, 26,000,000 VDC crystalline module 000

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 67

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

15Kw 3PH motor complete with 13 1 1,000, 13,000,000 disconnect switch and controller 000 3mcables high steel support structure 13 1 500,00 6,500,000 Pump shade 13 1 180,000 2,340,000 Sub-Total solar panels 0 50,440,000 1d Bush clearing: Mathenge Target Villages Fafbare and Malkamansa, Mataworsesa Slashing and stumping and removal 3 1 50,000 150,000 of debris (Per acre) Sub-Total Bush clearing 50,000 2 Farm inputs for Munyoyaya VMG community Horticulture: Sweet melons, capsicum, onions, water melon, tomatoes Target Villages Mansguda, Mataworsesa, Boji, Adele, Fafbare, Mulanjo, Korati, Malkamasa, Butuma, Kululicha, Bula Firimbi, Konoramadha and Lagbadhana Certified seeds (0.2kg) 14 1 6,000 84,000 Urea (50kg) 14 1 3,500 49,000 DAP50kg 14 1 5,000 70,000 Pesticides (200mlsx6 weeks) 14 1 2,000 28,000 Foliar (2L/Ha) 14 2 1,000 28,000 Knapsack spray pump 14 1 18,900 264,600 Protective gear 14 1 5,300 74,200 Sub-Total farm inputs 597,800 3 Greenhouse for Munyoyaya VMG community Target Village Madogo Complete standard size: tank, pipes, 1 5 150,000 750,000 structure, drip lines Sub-Total Greenhouse 750,000

4 Tree nursery - 3M x 50M for Munyoyaya VMG community Target Village Madogo Wheelbarrow 1 2 3,500 7,000 Potting tubes 1 10 1,500 15,000 Certified seeds 1 1 20,000 20,000 Shade net 1 3 1,500 4,500 Rakes 1 2 200 400 Jembe 1 2 500 1,000 Panga 1 2 300 600 Watering cans 1 5 500 2,500 FYM 1 1 5,000 5,000 5000l water tank, pipes, base 1 1 100,000 100,000 Sub-Total tree nursery 156,000 5 Training: 50 pax for 3 days for Munyoyaya VMG community Target Villages Mansguda, Mataworsesa, Boji, Adele, Fafbare, Mulanjo, Korati, Malkamasa, Butuma, Kululicha, Bula Firimbi, Konoramadha, Lagbadhana Stationery ( 50 pieces) 13 1 6,000 78,000 Fare reimbursement 13 50 1,000 650,000 Accommodation 13 150 1,500 2,925,000 Facilitators 13 6 15,000 1,170,000 Venue 13 3 5,000 195,000 Field visits 13 1 50,000 650,000 Miscellaneous (refreshments etc.) 13 1 50,000 650,000 Sub-Total Training 6,318,000 Sub-Total Agriculture for Munyoyaya VMG community 74,831,800

A3: Fish Farming projects for Munyoyaya VMG community of Tana River

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 68

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

1 Fish farming for Munyoyaya VMG community 1a Baseline survey Fuel Goods 1 120 110 13,200 DSA (Fisheries officer) Services 1 5 4,200 21,000 DSA (Officer) Services 1 5 6,300 31,500 Sub-Total 65,700 1b Capacity building - Training on fish farming practices (TOT at Sagana) Fees 1 1 30,000 30,000 Transport 1 2 2,000 4,000 DSA 1 2 2,100 4,200 Sub-Total 38,200 1c Training on fish farming practices at Garsen DSA (Community) Training 1 6 2,100 12,600 Transport (Farmers) from 2 Training 1 2 3,000 6,000 villages Transport (Farmers)-Madogo Training 1 3 2,000 6,000 Sub-Total 24,600 1d Facilitation of training DSA (Fisheries officer) 1 6 6,300 37,800 DSA (Fisheries officer) 1 6 7,000 42,000 Transport Fuel 1 30 110 3,300 Conference package 1 6 5,000 30,000 Stationery 1 1 15,000 15,000 Refreshments 1 1 20,000 20,000 Sub-Total 148,100 1e Pond set up Pond construction (1 for hatchery) 6 1 45,000 270,000 Purchase of pond liners 6 1 120,000 720,000 Fencing (Chain link) 6 1 120,000 720,000 Fencing (Chicken wire) 400,000 Overhead nets 6 1 120,000 720,000 Sub-Total 2,830,000 1f Purchase of equipment Wheel barrows 6 1 5,000 30,000 Jembes 6 6 400 14,400 Pangas 6 5 600 18,000 Compactors for soil compaction 6 5 500 15,000 Sub-Total 77,400 1g Fingerling supply Purchase of fingerlings 5 1,000 10 50,000 DSA Driver 1 2 4,200 8,400 DSA Officer 1 2 6,300 12,600 DSA Community 1 2 2,100 4,200 Fuel 1 120 110 13,200 Sub-Total 88,400 1h Fish feeds Purchase of fertilizer (DAP) 5 2 1,000 10,000 Purchase of fish feeds pellets 5 180 35 31,500 Sub-Total 41,500 1i Harvesting Seine Net 5 1 10,000 50,000 Scoop net 5 1 1,000 5,000 Deep freezers 3 1 70,000 210,000 Cooler box 2 2 10,000 40,000 Provision for supply of water 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 Sub-Total 1,805,000 Sub-Total Fish Farming 5,118,900

A4: Ecotourism projects for Munyoyaya VMG community of Tana River VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 69

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

1 Ecotourism Project for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG Community Target Villages Asako and Boji 1a Camp site Fencing about 10 ha of land around 2 10 300,000 6,000,000 campsite - Fencing + gate (10 Ha) Campsite - Water (Borehole/ 2 1 1,500,000 3,000,000 shallow well - solar propelled) and

water tank Bathroom and toilet facilities 2 1 500,000 1,000,000

Housing for security staff and 2 1 1,000,000 2,000,000 Reception Solar energy set 2 1 120,000 240,000

Tented camps 2 10 20,000 400,000

Marketing - Brochures 2 50,000

Website hosting 2 50,000

1b Fibre glass boat 0 Fibre -glass motor boat - Fibre glass 2 1 600,000 1,200,000 motor boat + Life saver equipment Capacity building - Training and 2 1 1,000,000 2,000,000 awareness forums by KWS 1c Ostrich farming 0 Ostrich Rearing - Fencing + gate 1 10 300,000 3,000,000 (10 Ha) Solar water pump 1 1 900,000 900,000

Capacity Building on ostrich 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 rearing Sourcing for ostrich Chicks 1 1 200,000 200,000

Administration Cost 10% of cost 2,321,400 (Lump-sum) Sub-Total Ecotourism 23,861,400

A5: Cultural Centre project for Munyoyaya VMG community of Tana River Activities / Sub-Activities Categor No. Qty Unit Total Remark y Villages Cost s Cultural Centre for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG Community Target Villages Madogo Construction and furnishing of an 1 1 2,000,000 2,000,000 administration block (Offices for staff, Registry, Store, Reception area and Accounts section) 1a Construction and furnishing of 1 1 5,000,000 5,000,000 multipurpose hall (Capacity of 200 seated with provisions of future expansion) Construction of equipped e- toilets 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 for ladies and gentlemen(VIP toilets) Construction and furnishing of a 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 conference room (Modern conference room with necessary conferencing facilities) Construction of canteen/ kitchen/ 1 1 2,000,000 2,000,000 restaurant (1 equipped kitchen for culinary arts. Serving hall with a capacity of 40 persons) Construction of Cultural/curio shop 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 (For art work/Material culture crafts) Construction and equipping of a 1 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 Conservation laboratory (Used for conserving animal hides and plants for

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 70

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

display in the museum) Construction of Visual arts storage 1 1 2,500,000 2,500,000 and cultural museum (Display area) Gallery (For permanent exhibition of 1 1 2,500,000 2,500,000 ancient tools, materials) Cultural information/ Library/ 1 1 3,000,000 3,000,000 Information Centre (To include studios floor recording purposes) Cultural centre botanical garden (For 1 1 500,000 500,000 medicinal herbs and vegetable) Open air theatre hosting a built stage ( 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 For open air performances) Parking space area (For 1 1 500,000 500,000 approximately 5 buses and cars) Traditional homesteads 1 1 100,000 100,000 Administrative cost 10% of cost 2,610,000 Sub-Total 27,710,000 2 Required Personnel for Cultural Centre of Munyoyaya VMG Remarks community Designation No. Required Responsibility for these personnel and their Cultural centre manager 1 recurrent expenditures have to be agreed before Assistant Cultural centre manager 1 hand Cultural Officer 1 Librarian 2 Curator 1 Office assistant/ Clerical Officer 2 Technician (sound / ICT) 1 Artisan 1 Security Personnel 2 Subordinate Staff 2 Sub-Total Cultural Centre for the Munyoyaya 27,710,000

A6: Micro-Enterprise projects for Munyoyaya VMG community of Tana River Activities / Sub-Activities Category Running Costs Fixed Total Remarks Costs Costs 1 Micro-Enterprises for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG Community Targeted villages Vegetable Business - Villages Near Initial 10,000 10,000  The targeted and Garissa Capital number of people Vegetable Business - Villages far Initial 10,000 10,000 per village villages form Garissa Capital to be determined during village forums  This estimate is for cost of one trip plus 25% variation costs per household Goats Business - Mbalambala Initial 45,000 45,000 This estimate is for cost Village Near Garissa Capital of one trip plus 25% Goats Business - Mlanjo Village far Initial 35,000 35,000 variation costs per person form Garissa Capital household Poultry Business - For all villages Initial 11,000 11,000 This estimate is for cost Capital of one trip plus 25% variation costs per household Petrol Business - Buys from Garissa Initial 20,000 20,000  This estimate is the Capital cost of one trip plus 25% variation per household

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 71

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

 The selling of petrol by unlicensed persons is illegal and unsafe for both the individual and the community. It is not encouraged by county government Clothes Business - Asako Village - Initial 45,000 45,000 This estimate is for cost Buys from Garissa Capital of one trip plus 25% variation costs per household Clothes Business - Mororo Village - Initial 62,500 62,500 This estimate is for cost Buys from NBI Capital of one trip plus 25% variation costs per household Food vending - Hawking Initial 1,500 1,500 Capital Food vending - Stall Initial 15,000 15,000 Capital Sub-Total micro-enterprise 255,000

Other possible micro enterprises Commercial fodder Details on this would have to be Motor bikes determined at start of implementation in each county

Grand Total for Livelihood ventures for the Munyoyaya VMG 237,768,600 community of Tana Rive County

B. Livelihood Micro-Projects for the Waata VMG Community of Tana River County

B1: Livestock micro-projects for the Waata No. Activities/Sub-Activities Category No. of Quantity Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost 1 Poultry Keeping for Waata VMG community (This is based on the 7 villages and working with 100 households) Target Villages Darime, Gubatu, Gora, Bili, Dhida, Hamesa and Sombo Training per Village Training 7 100 0 0 It shall be done at Village level. However, each household can only choose one livelihood micro-project Training materials per Training 7 100 200 140,000 Village Lunch ( during Training ) Training 7 100 500 350,000 Facilitators ( DSA Rate) Training 7 4 7,000 196,000 Chicken Chicken 7 500 500 1,750,000 Locally Bought in Baghali, the type of chicken bought are juveniles (3 ½ months old) Chicken Housing Equipment 7 100 10,000 7,000,000 Vaccine (New Castle No. 7 100 0 0 Offered freely by the Disease ) County Government Transport 7 1 20,000 140,000 Sub-Total 9,576,000 2 Bee Keeping for Waata VMG community (This is based on 7 villages and working with

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 72

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

100 households) Target Villages Darime, Gubatu, Gora, Bili, Dhida, Hamesa and Sombo Training per Village Training 7 100 0 0 it shall be done at Village level Training materials per Training 7 100 200 140,000 Village Lunch ( during Training ) Training 7 100 500 350,000 Facilitators ( DSA Rate) Training 7 4 7,000 196,000 Bee hive ( Langstroth) No 7 100 4,650 3,255,000 Bee Keeping Kit ( Nylon) No 7 1 10,000 70,000 Honey Extractor No 7 1 75,000 525,000 Honey Refractometer No 7 1 60,000 420,000 Honey Setting Tank No 7 1 50,000 350,000 Packing Tapes No 7 100 100 70,000 Wax Extractor No 7 1 30,000 210,000 Digital Weighing Scale No 7 1 50,000 350,000 Sealer Machine No 7 1 60,000 420,000 Honey Processor No 7 1 120,000 840,000 Plastic Jar ( 250g/500 g) No 7 100 45 31,500 Harvesting Buckets No 7 100 1,000 700,000 Sub-Total Bee Keeping 7,927,500 3 Goat Rearing for Waata VMG community (This is based on the 7 villages and working with 100 households) Target Villages Darime, Gubatu, Gora, Bili, Dhida, Hamesa and Sombo Training per Village Training 7 100 0 0 Training shall be done at Village level Training materials per Training 7 100 200 140,000 Village Lunch ( during Training ) Training 7 100 500 350,000 Community Mobilization 7 3 1,000 21,000 3 mobilisers can work ( Village Mobiliser) in all the 25 (Waata and WaIlwana) villages Facilitators( DSA Rate) Training 7 4 7,000 196,000 Purchase Indigenous No 7 500 5,000 17,500,000 5 goats (4 female 1 Goats ( 2 years ) male in 100household) Goat Housing (sanzu; No 7 100 0 0 community to provide self-build) housing Medicine ( Assorted ) No 7 100 2,000 1,400,000 to be given by the county officers Vaccines No 7 500 0 0 Offered freely by the County Government Identification of Goats No 7 5 5,000 175,000 To be done by experts together with the villagers themselves Committee for No 7 3 500 10,500 Identification Transport No 7 1 45,000 315,000 Sub-Total Goat Rearing 20,107,500

Sub-Total Livestock projects for Waata VMG community of Tana River County 37,611,000

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 73

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

B2: Agricultural projects for Waata VMG community of Tana River County 1 Irrigated Farming for the Waata VMG Community Fencing Target Villages Dhida and Sombo Netted fence supported Civil works 2 280 3,000 1,680,000 CF 1 acre (70x70m)= by bricks and cemented 840,000/acre base including labour and materials Sub-Total fencing 1,680,000 Water Pump (Solar panel powered pump capable of irrigating 50 acres) Target Villages Gubatu, Bili, Darime, Dhida and Gora Suction end pump 15 Civil works 5 1 200,000 1,000,000 KW discharge at 10L/s at 40m hydraulic head 132 Solar panels Civil works 5 1 2,000,000 10,000,000 150W/160W 24 VDC crystalline module 15Kw 3PH motor Civil works 5 1 1,000,000 5,000,000 complete with disconnect switch and controller cables 3m high steel support Civil works 5 1 500,000 2,500,000 structure Pump shade Civil works 5 1 180,000 900,000 Sub-Total 19,400,000 3,880,000/village Water Pump (Diesel Powered) Diesel powered 5 1 250,000 1,250,000 diesel 5 500 100 250,000 Sub-Total Diesel pump 1,500,000 300,000/Village Water Pipes UPVC Target Villages Hamesa and Darime 6 Inch including 2 200 1,300 260,000 excavation, laying of pipes labour and materials Sub-Total water pipes 520,000 260,000/village Bush Clearing Target Villages Darime and Gora Slashing, de-stumping 2 1 100,000 200,000 and removal of debris Sub-Total bush clearing 200,000 100,000/acre Sub-Total Irrigated Farming 23,300,000 2 Farm Inputs for the Waata VMG Community Horticulture: (pojo, water melon, tomatoes) Target Villages Gora and Sombo Pojo (Kg) 2 4 200 1,600 Certified Seeds Tomatoes: Kilele F1, 2 1 6,000 12,000 Certified Seeds Eden F1(0.2kg) Sweet melon F1(per acre) 2 1 4,500 9,000 Certified Seeds Pesticides in litres 2 1 1,500 3,000 (200mlsx6 weeks) Knapsack spray pump 2 1 7,000 14,000 Jembe 2 4 700 5,600 Spade 2 2 500 2,000 Sub-Total Farm Inputs 47,200 22,900/acre 3 Greenhouse for the Waata VMG Community Target Village Hamesa Complete standard size: 1 1 300,000 300,000 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 74

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

tank, pipes, structure, drip lines, inputs and training Sub-Total Greenhouse 300,000 Sub-Total for Agricultural projects for the Waata VMG community of Tana River County 23,647,200

B3: Fish Farming projects for Waata VMG community of Tana River County Fish Farming for the Waata VMG Community Target Villages Sombo, Gubatu, Bili and Dhida 1a Baseline survey Fuel (in litres) Goods N/A 120 110 13,200 DSA (Fisheries officer) Services N/A 5 4,200 21,000 DSA (Officer) Services N/A 5 6,300 31,500 Sub- Total Survey 65,700 1b Capacity Building - Training on fish farming practices (TOT at Sagana)(2 PERSONS) Fees N/A 2 30,000 60,000 Transport N/A 2 4,000 8,000 DSA N/A 4 2,100 8,400 Sub-Total Training 76,400 1c Training on fish farming practices at Garsen DSA (Community) Training 10 5 2,100 105,000 Transport (Farmers) Training 10 2 2,000 40,000 Sub-Total Training 145,000 Sub-Total Training 290,000 1d Facilitation of training DSA (Fisheries officer) service 1 10 6,300 63,000 DSA(Director service 1 5 7,000 35,000 Transport Fuel goods 1 60 110 6,600 Refreshments service 5 22 650 71,500 Stationery service 1 1 15,000 15000 Sub-Total Facilitation 191,100 2a Pond Set Up for Waata VNG community Target Villages Sombo, Gubatu,Bili and Dhida Pond construction (2 for 4 2 45,000 360,000 Assuming it is 1 pond hatchery) per village Purchase of pond liners 4 1 120,000 480,000 Fencing (Chicken wire) 4 1 144,000 576,000 Overhead nets 4 1 40,000 160,000 Sub-total fish pond set 1,576,000 up 2b Purchase of Fish Farming Equipment for the Waata VMG Community Target Villages Sombo, Gubatu,Bili and Dhida Wheel barrows 4 1 5,000 20,000 Jembes 4 4 400 6,400 Pangas 4 2 400 3,200 Spades 4 4 500 8,000 Compactors for soil 4 2 500 4,000 compaction Sub-Total Equipment 41,600 2c Fingerling Supply for the Waata VMG Community Target Villages Sombo, Gubatu, Bili and Dhida Purchase of fingerlings 4 1,000 10 40,000 DSA Driver 4 2 4,200 33,600 DSA Officer 4 2 6,300 50,400 DSA Community 4 2 2,100 16,800 Fuel 4 120 110 52,800 Sub-Total Fingerling 193,600 2d Fish feeds for the Waata VMG Community Target Villages Sombo, Gubatu, Bili and Dhida Purchase of fertilizer 4 1 500 2,000

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 75

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

(DAP) Purchase of fish feeds 4 50 35 7,000 pellets Sub-Total Feeds 9,000 2e Fish Harvesting for the Waata VMG Community Target Villages Sombo, Gubatu, Bili and Dhida Seine Net 4 1 10,000 40,000 Scoop net 4 1 1,000 4,000 Deep freezers 4 1 70,000 280,000 Cooler box 4 4 12,000 192,000 Provision for supply of 4 1 3,000,000 12,000,000 water Sub-Total Harvesting 12,516,000 Sub-Total Fish Farming for the Waata VMG Community of Tana River 14,959,400

B4: Micro-enterprise for the Waata VMG community of Tana River No. Activities/Sub-Activities Category No. of Running Fixed Total Remarks Villages Costs Costs 1 Micro Enterprises for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG Community Confirm location of Target Village Bili, Bangale* and Dharime this village (whether it Boda boda spare parts Initial 3 200,000 600,000 is a Waata or Capital WaIlwana village) Goats Business Initial 3 50,000 150,000 Capital Poultry (Local) Business Initial 3 15,000 45,000 Capital Clothes Business Initial 3 62,500 187,500 Capital Food Kiosk Initial 3 50,000 150,000 Capital Sub-Total Micro Enterprises 1,132,500 Sub-Total Micro Enterprises for Waata VMG community of Tana River County 1,132,500

Grand Total for Livelihood Micro-Projects for the Waata of Tana River 77,350,100 County

C. Livelihood Micro-Projects for the WaIlwana VMG Community of Tana River

C1: Livestock projects for WaIlwana VMG communities of Tana River 1 Poultry Keeping for WaIlwana VMG community (This is based on the 18 villages and working with 100 households) Target Villages Dabolo, Nanighi, Chewele, Tune, ShiaAdobe, Mikomani, Jarha, Bula Baraka, Bale, Kyobe, Darba, Kaza Moyo, Kimilo, Ghamorori, Vango, Mansababu, Ghaigopa and Shuqule Training per Village Training 18 100 0 0 It shall be done at Village level Training materials per Training 18 100 200 360,000 Village Lunch ( during Training ) Training 18 100 500 900,000 Facilitators ( DSA Rate) Training 18 4 7,000 504,000 Chicken Chicken 18 500 500 4,500,000 Locally Bought in Baghali, the type of chicken bought are juveniles (3 ½ months old) Chicken Housing Equipment 18 100 10,000 18,000,000 Vaccine ( New Castle No. 18 100 0 0 Offered freely by the Disease ) County Government VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 76

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Transport 18 1 20,000 360,000 Sub-Total Poultry 24,624,000 2 Bee Keeping for WaIlwana VMG community (This is based on the 18 villages and working with 100 households) Target Villages Dabolo, Nanighi, Chewele, Tune, ShiaAdobe, Mikomani, Jarha, Bula Baraka, Bale, Kyobe, Darba, Kaza Moyo, Kimilo, Ghamorori, Vango, Mansababu, Ghaigopa and Shuqule Training per Village Training 18 100 0 0 it shall be done at Village level Training materials per Training 18 100 200 360,000 Village Lunch ( during Training ) Training 18 100 500 900,000 Facilitators ( DSA Rate) Training 18 4 7,000 504,000 Bee hive ( Langstroth) No 18 100 4,650 8,370,000 Bee Keeping Kit ( Nylon) No 18 1 10,000 180,000 Honey Extractor No 18 1 75,000 1,350,000 Honey Refractometer No 18 1 60,000 1,080,000 Honey Setting Tank No 18 1 50,000 900,000 Packing Tapes No 18 100 100 180,000 Wax Extractor No 18 1 30,000 540,000 Digital Weighing Scale No 18 1 50,000 900,000 Sealer Machine No 18 1 60,000 1,080,000 Honey Processor No 18 1 120,000 2,160,000 Plastic Jar ( 250g/500 g) No 18 100 45 81,500 Harvesting Buckets No 18 100 1,000 1,800,000 Sub-Total Bee Keeping 20,385,500 3 Goat Rearing for WaIlwana VMG community (This is based on the 7 villages and working with 100 households) Target Villages Dabolo, Nanighi, Chewele, Tune, ShiaAdobe, Mikomani, Jarha, Bula Baraka, Bale, Kyobe, Darba, Kaza Moyo, Kimilo, Ghamorori, Vango, Mansababu, Ghaigopa and Shuqule Training per Village Training 18 100 0 0 it shall be done at Village level Training materials per Training 18 100 200 360,000 Village Lunch ( during Training ) Training 18 100 500 900,000 Community Mobilisation 18 3 1,000 54,000 ( Village Mobiliser) Facilitators( DSA Rate) Training 18 4 7,000 504,000 Purchase Indigenous No 18 500 5,000 45,000,000 5 goats (4 female 1 Goats ( 2 years ) male X 100 households) Goat Housing (sanzu; No 18 100 0 0 Each household to self-build) provide housing Medicine ( Assorted ) No 18 100 2,000 3,600,000 Vaccines No 18 500 0 0 Offered freely by the County Government Identification of Goats No 18 5 5,000 450,000 To be done by experts together with the villagers themselves Committee for No 18 3 500 27,000 Identification of goats Transport No 18 1 45,000 810,000 Sub-Total Goat Rearing 51,705,000 Sub-Total Livestock projects for WaIlwana VMG community of Tana River County 96,714,500

C2: Agricultural projects for WaIlwana VMG community of Tana River County No. Activities/Sub-Activities Category No. of Quantity Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost Irrigated Farming for the WaIlwana VMG Community 1a Fencing VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 77

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Target Villages Shuqule, Mikomani, Jarha, Darba, Kimilo, Ghaigopa, Tune, Kaza Moyo, Bula Baraka and Kyobe Netted fence supported Civil works 10 280 3,000 8,400,000 CF 1 acre (70x70m)= by bricks and cemented 840,000/acre base including labour and materials Sub-Total fencing 8,400,000 1b Water Pump (Solar panel powered pump capable of irrigating 50 acres) Target Villages Mansababu, Shuqule, ShiaAdobe, Mikomani, Jarha, Bale, Darba, Tune, Ghaigopa, Ghamorori, Kaza Moyo, Bula Baraka and Kyobe Suction end pump 15 Civil works 14 1 200,000 2,800,000 KW discharge at 10L/s at 40m hydraulic head 132 Solar panels Civil works 14 1 2,000,000 28,000,000 150W/160W 24 VDC crystalline module 15Kw 3PH motor Civil works 14 1 1,000,000 14,000,000 complete with disconnect switch and controller cables 3m high steel support Civil works 14 1 500,000 7,000,000 structure Pump shade Civil works 14 1 180,000 2,520,000 Sub-Total 54,320,000 1c Water Pump (Diesel Powered) Diesel powered 14 1 250,000 3,500,000 diesel 14 500 100 700,000 Sub-Total Diesel pump 4,200,000 1d Water Pipes UPVC Target Villages ShiaAdobe, Jarha, Bale, Darba, Ghaigopa, Chewele, Tune, Ghamorori, Kaza Moyo and Kyobe 6 Inch including 10 200 1,300 2,600,000 excavation, laying of pipes labour and materials Sub-Total water pipes 2,600,000 260, 000 per village 1e Bush Clearing Target Villages Mikomani, Tune and Bula Baraka Slashing, de-stumping 3 1 100,000 300,000 and removal of debris Sub-Total bush clearing 300,000 100,000 Per acre Sub-Total Irrigated Farming 69,820,000 2 Ploughing and Ridging for the WaIlwana VMG Community Target Village Chewele and Darba Ploughing 2 50 3,000 300,000 Ridging 2 50 2,000 200,000 Sub-Total ploughing and ridging 500,000 3 Farm Inputs for the WaIlwana VMG Community Horticulture(Horticulture: pojo, water melon, tomatoes) Target Villages Ghamorori and Bula Baraka Pojo (Kg) 2 4 200 1,600 Certified Seeds Tomatoes: Kilele F1, 2 1 6,000 12,000 Certified Seeds Eden F1(0.2kg) Sweet melon F1(per acre) 2 1 4,500 9,000 Certified Seeds Pesticides in litres 2 1 1,500 3,000 (200mlsx6 weeks) Knapsack spray pump 2 1 7,000 14,000 Jembe 2 4 700 5,600 Spade 2 2 500 2,000 Sub-Total Inputs 47,200 22,900 Per acre VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 78

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

2 Tree nursery - 3M x 50M for WaIlwana VMG community Target Village Kyobe and Darba Wheelbarrow 2 2 3,500 14,000 Potting tubes 2 10 1,500 30,000 Certified seeds 2 1 20,000 40,000 Shade net 2 3 7,500 45,000 Rakes 2 2 200 800 Jembe 2 2 500 2,000 Panga 2 2 300 1,200 Watering cans 2 5 500 5,000 FYM 2 1 5,000 10,000 5000l water tank, pipes, 2 1 100,000 200,000 base Fence 2 250 1,000 500,000 Sub-Total 848,000 Sub-Total Agricultural Projects for WaIlwana 71,215,200

C3: Fish Farming projects for WaIlwana VMG community of Tana River County No. Activities/Sub-Activities Category No. of Quantity Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost Fish Farming for the WaIlwana VMG Community Target Villages Kimilo, ShiaAdobe, Bale, Ghaigopa, Nanighi, Ghamorori and Mikomani 1a Baseline survey Fuel Goods N/A 120 110 13,200 DSA (Fisheries officer) Services N/A 5 4,200 21,000 DSA (Officer) Services N/A 5 6,300 31,500 Sub- Total Survey 65,700 1b Capacity Building - Training on fish farming practices (TOT at Sagana)(2 PERSONS) Fees N/A 2 30,000 60,000 Transport N/A 2 4,000 8,000 DSA N/A 4 2,100 8,400 Sub-Total Training 76,400 1c Training on fish farming practices at Garsen DSA (Community) Training 10 5 2,100 105,000 Transport (Farmers) Training 10 2 2,000 40,000 Sub-Total Training 145,000 1d Facilitation of training DSA (Fisheries officer) service 1 10 6,300 63,000 DSA(Director service 1 5 7,000 35,000 Transport Fuel goods 1 60 110 6,600 Refreshments service 5 22 650 71,500 Stationery service 1 1 15,000 15000 Sub-Total Facilitation 191,100 2 Pond Set Up for WaIlwana VNG community Target Villages Kimilo, ShiaAdobe, Bale, Ghaigopa, Nanighi, Ghamorori and Mikomani Pond construction (2 for 11 2 45,000 990,000 1 pond per village is hatchery) assumed Purchase of pond liners 11 1 120,000 1,320,000 Fencing (Chicken wire) 11 1 144,000 1,584,000 Overhead nets 11 1 40,000 440,000 Sub-Total Set UP 4,334,000 3 Purchase of Fish Farming Equipment for the WaIlwana VMG Community Target Villages Kimilo, ShiaAdobe, Bale, Ghaigopa, Nanighi, Ghamorori and Mikomani Wheel barrows 11 1 5,000 55,000 Jembes 11 4 400 17,600 Pangas 11 2 400 8,800 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 79

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Spades 11 4 500 22,000 Compactors for soil 11 2 500 11,000 compaction Sub-Total Equipment 114,400

4 Fingerling Supply for the WaIlwana VMG Community Target Villages Kimilo, ShiaAdobe, Bale, Ghaigopa, Nanighi, Ghamorori and Mikomani Purchase of fingerlings 11 1,000 10 110,000 DSA Driver 11 2 4,200 92,400 DSA Officer 11 2 6,300 138,600 DSA Community 11 2 2,100 46,200 Fuel 11 120 110 145,200 Sub-Total Fingerling 532,400 5 Fish feeds for the WaIlwana VMG Community Target Villages Kimilo, ShiaAdobe, Bale, Ghaigopa, Nanighi, Ghamorori and Mikomani Purchase of fertilizer 11 1 500 5,5000 (DAP) Purchase of fish feeds 11 50 35 19,250 pellets Sub-Total Feeds 74,250 6 Harvesting for the WaIlwana VMG Community Target Villages Kimilo, ShiaAdobe, Bale, Ghaigopa, Nanighi, Ghamorori and Mikomani Seine Net 11 1 10,000 110,000 Scoop net 11 1 1,000 11,000 Deep freezers 11 1 70,000 770,000 Cooler box 11 4 12,000 528,000 Provision for supply of 11 1 3,000,000 33,000,000 water Sub-Total Harvesting 34,419,000 Sub-Total Fish Farming for the WaIlwana VMG Community of Tana River County 40,097,250

C4: Micro-enterprise for the WaIlwana VMG community of Tana River No. Activities/Sub-Activities Category No. of Running Fixed Total Remarks Villages Costs Costs 1 Micro Enterprises for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG Community A household can only Target Village Nanighi, Bula Baraka, Vango engage in one micro- Boda boda spare parts Initial 3 200,000 600,000 enterprise Capital Goats Business Initial 3 50,000 150,000 Capital Poultry (Local) Business Initial 3 15,000 45,000 Capital Clothes Business Initial 3 62,500 187,500 Capital Food Kiosk Initial 3 50,000 150,000 Capital Sub-Total Micro Enterprises 1,132,500 Sub-total micro-enterprises for the Waata and WaIlwana communities of Tana River County 1,132,500

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 80

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

C5: Ecotourism venture for the WaIlwana VMG community of Tana River County No. Activities/Sub-Activities Category No. of Quantity Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost 3 Conservancy for WaIlwana VMG community of Tana river Target Village Bale 3a Nature trail fencing 1 10 300,000 3,000,000 about 10 ha (Fencing + gate -10 Ha) 3b Camping site (Water - 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 Borehole/ shallow well - solar propelled and water tank) Bathroom and toilet 1 1 500,000 500,000 facilities Tented camps 1 10 20,000 200,000 Sleeping bags 1 4 7,000 28,000 Recruitment and training 1 6 0 To be provided by of scouts County government Marketing (Brochures) 1 50,000 Website hosting 1 50,000 3c Housing for security 1 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 staff and Reception Hand held Radios 1 3 40,000 120,000 Solar energy set 1 1 120,000 120,000 3d Fibre glass motor boat 1 1 700,000 700,000 (Fibre glass motor boat + Life saver equipment) Capacity building 1 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 (Training and awareness forums by KWS) 3e Ostrich Rearing 1 10 300,000 3,000,000 (Fencing + gate -10 Ha) Solar water pump 1 1 900,000 900,000 Capacity Building on 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 ostrich rearing Sourcing for ostrich 1 1 200,000 200,000 Chicks Administration Cost 10% 1,372,000 of cost ( Lump sum) Sub-Total Conservancy 15,240,000

Grand Total Livelihood ventures for the WaIlwana VMGs of Tana River 224,399,450

B/C: Joint Livelihood ventures for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG Communities of Tana River County

B2/C2: Joint training of Waata and WaIlwana farmers – Tana River County 4 Training (ToT): 50 pax for 3 days and 2 nursery groups for the WaIlwana and Waata VMG Communities of Tana River Stationery ( 50 pieces) 1 L/sum 1 6,000 6,000 Fare reimbursement 1 No. 50 1,000 50,000 Accommodation 2 Pax 50 1,500 50,000 Facilitators 3 No. 6 15,000 270,000 Venue 1 Days 3 5,000 15,000 Field visits 1 L/sum 1 50,000 50,000 Miscellaneous 1 L/sum 1 50,000 50,000

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 81

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

(refreshments etc.) Sub-Total 591,000

B5/C6: Joint Cultural Center venture for Waata and WaIlwana VMG communities of Tana River County No. Activities/Sub- Category No. of Quantity Unit Total Remarks Activities Villages Cost 1 Cultural Centre for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG Community Target Villages Location not identified (to be agreed with the two communities Estimate costs are for during the village forums two villages Land Provided by community Fencing 1 ha (Chain Civil works 2 1 300,000 600,000 link with gate) Traditional homesteads Civil works 2 3 100,000 600,000 (Each traditional home had 3 houses-men, women and family house) Purchase and collection 2 various 400,000 800,000 of artefacts for museum Procurement (Pots, beads, beds, cooking utensils, hides and skins, weapons, traditional seats, Bows and Arrows clothing) Training of 2 various 400,000 800,000 communities on how to make traditional artefacts, singing, dancing etc. Capacity building- 2 various 500,000 1,000,000 awareness and sensitization Construction and Civil works 2 1 600,000 1,200,000 furnishing of an administration block (Offices for staff, Store, Reception area and Accounts section) Toilets for ladies and 2 1 300,000 600,000 gentlemen (One block 2 door VIP latrine) Open air theatre hosting 2 1 500,000 1,000,000 a built stage Pipe water reticulation Civil works 2 1 150,000 300,000 2 km (20 pipes, metal poles, 5,000ltrs tank) Sign Board 2 1 20,000 40,000 (Advertising) Administrative cost 768,000 10% of cost Sub-Total Cultural centre 7,708,000 2 Required Personnel for the Cultural Centre for the Waata and WaIlwana VMG communities Designation No. Required Cultural Officer 1 Office assistant/ Clerical Officer 2 Artisan 1 Security Personnel 2 Subordinate Staff 2 Total Personnel required 8 Grand Total Joint Livelihood Ventures (farmers training and Cultural 8,299,000 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 82

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

centre) for the Waata and WaIlwana Communities of Tana River County D. Livelihood Ventures for the Waata VMG Community of Kilifi County

D1: Deep Sea Fishing for Waata VMG communities of Kilifi County Activities / Sub-Activities Category No. Qty Unit Cost Total Remarks Villages 1a Support to Deep Sea Fishing Target Village Barakachembe Gillnet: length 200 m *width 12 m 24 700 16,800 Small Buoys(pieces) 400 30 12,000 Medium buoys 8 600 4,800 Floaters 300 20 6,000 Ropes (200m length *2 ropes*2 nets* 800 10 8,000 12mm Thickness) Net Sinkers(kg) 8 400 3,200 Joining Ropes(rolls) 2 80 160 Anchor chain (3m) 1 500 500 Anchor (Boat anchor) 1 3,500 3,500 Mooring ropes (20M) 20 30 600 Anchor for stationery net 8 3,000 24,000 Outboard Engine (40 Horse power, long 1 500,000 500,000 chases Yamaha) Life rings 1 6,000 6,000 Life Jackets 8 4,000 32,000 Boats(8 crew, fibre boat) 1 2,000,000 2,000,000 Deep freezer (500Kgs) 2 120,000 240,000 mooring buoys 1 500 500 Cool boxes (500 Kgs) 1 30,000 30,000 Mooring ropes (20M) 20 30 600 TOTAL 2,888,660 1b Support to Deep Sea Fishing Target Village Majaoni Gillnet: length 200 m *3m width * 2"* 3 1 36 800 28,800 ply (3 sets of nets) Small Buoys(pieces) 1 600 30 18,000 Floaters 1 600 30 18,000 Ropes (200m length *2 ropes*3 nets* 1 1,200 10 12,000 12mm Thickness) Sinkers(kg) 1 1,200 10 12,000 Joining Ropes(rolls) 1 6 80 480 Boat anchor 1 1 3,500 3,500 Output Engine (25 Horse power, long 1 1 400,000 400,000 chases Yamaha) Mooring chain (3M) 1 3 500 1,500 Life rings 1 1 6,000 6,000 Life Jackets 1 4 4,000 16,000 Mooring buoys 1 1 500 500 Boats(4 crews -,fibre- boat) 1 1 2,000,000 2,000,000 Mooring ropes (20M) 1 20 30 600 Sub-totals 2,517,380 1c Support to Deep Sea Fishing Dabase Gillnet: length 200 m *3m width * 2"* 3 1 36 800 28,800 ply (3 sets of nets) Small Buoys(pieces) 1 600 30 18,000 Floaters 1 600 30 18,000 Ropes (200m length *2 ropes*3 nets* 1 1,200 10 12,000 12mm Thickness) Sinkers(kg) 1 1,200 10 12,000 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 83

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Joining Ropes(rolls) 1 6 80 480 Boat anchor 1 1 3,500 3,500 Output Engine (25 Horse power, long 1 1 400,000 400,000 chases Yamaha) Mooring chain (3M) 1 3 500 1,500 Life rings 1 1 6,000 6,000 Life Jackets 1 4 4,000 16,000 Mooring buoys 1 1 500 500 Boats(4 crews, fibre boat) 1 1 2,000,000 2,000,000 Mooring ropes (20M) 1 20 30 600 Sub-totals 2,517,380 2 Training on Deep Sea Fishing Target Villages Baraka Chembe and Majaoni 2a Training Category Days Qty Unit Total cost DSA (Two villages) 5 20 2,100 210,000 Transport (Fishermen) 1 20 1,000 20,000 Facilitation of training 0 DSA (Fisheries officer) 5 1 11,200 56,000 DSA (Assistant Fisheries officer) 5 1 6,300 31,500 DSA(Director) 5 1 16,000 80,000 DSA Driver 5 1 6,300 31,500 Transport Fuel 1 30 110 3,300 Refreshments 2 23 650 29,900 Stationery 2 1 15,000 30000 2b Exchange visit to developed fishing 0 activities DSA (Fisheries officer) 4 1 11,200 44,800 DSA (Assistant Fisheries officer) 4 1 6,300 25,200 DSA(Director) 4 1 11,200 44,800 DSA (Community) 4 6 3,000 72,000 DSA Fisheries officer Host 4 2 1,000 8,000 DSA (Host BMU) 5 2 500 5,000 Transport Fuel 4 60 110 26,400 Refreshments 4 17 650 44,200 Stationery 1 1 15,000 15000 Sub total 777,600 Sub-Total for Deep Sea Fishing Projects for Waata VMGs of Kilifi County 8,701,020 D2: Agriculture projects for the Waata VMG community of Kilifi County Activities / Sub-Activities Categor No. Qty Unit Cost Total Remarks y Villages 1a Green House Target Villages Majaoni Complete standard size for dry areas: Civil 1 1 200,000 200,000 drip lines, inputs works Water tank(2500 litres) including 1 2 35,000 70,000 base and pipes Fence (Barbed wire) 1 3 3,500 10,500 1b Nursery to raise the seeds 0 Watering cans 1 2 600 1,200 Wheelbarrow 1 2 4,000 8,000 Spray pump; knapsack 1 1 15,000 15,000 Jembe 1 4 600 2,400 Panga 1 2 500 1,000 Shovel 1 2 700 1,400 Protective gears 1 2 10,000 20,000 Weighing scale 1 1 5,000 5,000 Crates 1 5 1,000 5,000 Sub total 339,500

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 84

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

2 Tree Nursery Target Villages Shirango A, Chamari and Bombi Rakes 3 4 500 6,000 Watering cans 3 4 600 7,200 Certified seeds(Assorted) 3 1 20,000 60,000 Potting tubes 3 10 1,800 54,000 Wheel barrow 3 2 4,000 24,000 Pangas 3 4 500 6,000 Shovel 3 4 700 8,400 Jembe 3 4 600 7,200 Shade net 3 1 150,000 450,000 Pesticides/ foliar feed 3 1 10,000 30,000 Pruning knives 3 4 300 3,600 Farmyard manure 0 Farmers to provide Fence 3 1 50,000 150,000 Sieve 3 1 1,000 3,000 Spray pump; knapsack 3 1 15,000 45,000 Sub-Total 854,400 3 Irrigated farming Target Villages: Bombi, Chamari 3a Irrigation facilities Water pump (diesel powered) 2 1 75,000 150,000 Irrigation pipes and fittings 2 1 740,000 1,480,000 Reservoir (10,000lt tanks) +support 2 1 300,000 600,000 3b Farm Inputs 0 0 Ploughing 2 1 3,000 6,000 Land Lease 2 1 3,000 6,000 Certified seeds assorted seeds: 2 1 17,500 35,000 maize, tomatoes,kales,Okrabrinjals,amara nthus, water melon, cassava cuttings, green grams, cow peas, pigeon peas, beans Fertilizers 2 2 6,500 26,000 Pesticides (Assorted) 2 1 25,000 50,000 Jembe 2 10 600 12,000 Panga 2 5 500 5,000 Wheel barrow 2 2 4,000 16,000 Protective gears 2 1 10,000 20,000 Spray pump; knapsack 2 2 15,000 60,000 Store (10 x 10m) 2 1 150,000 300,000 Sub total 2,766,000 Sub-total for agricultural activities for the Waata VMG community in Kilifi County 3,959,900

Grand Total for Livelihood Micro-Projects for the Waata of Kilifi County 12,660,920

E. Livelihood Ventures for the Wachwaka VMG Community of Kwale County

E1: Deep Sea Fishing for Wachwaka VMG communities of Kwale County Activities / Sub-Activities Category No. Qty Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost 1 Support to Deep Sea Fishing Target Village Fikirini Nets(60*5m length*3 m* width) 15 5000 75,000

Small Buoys 120 30 3,600

Big buoys 6 800 4,800

Floaters 15 5,000 75,000

Ropes (300m*2*3nets*24mm) 600 70 42,000

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 85

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Sinkers 3 1,000 3,000

Anchor (Boat anchor) 1 3,500 3,500

Output Engine (25 Horse power, long 1 400,000 400,000 chases Yamaha) Life Jackets 8 4,000 32,000

mooring buoys 1 500 500

Boats(8 crew,hori) 1 500,000 500,000

Tanga (sail) 1 3,000 3,000

Mooring chain (3M) 3 500 1,500

Mooring ropes (20M) 20 30 600

Life rings 2 6,000 12,000

Sub-Total for deep sea fishing for Wachwaka VMG community of Kwale County 1,156,500

E2: Agricultural activities for Wachwaka VMGs of Kwale County 1 Irrigated farming Target Villages: Fikirini Irrigation facilities Water pump (diesel powered) 1 1 75,000 75,000 Irrigation pipes and fittings 1 1 740,000 740,000 Reservoir (10,000lt tanks) +support 1 1 300,000 300,000 Farm Inputs 1 0 0 Ploughing 1 1 3,000 3,000 Land Lease 1 1 3,000 3,000 Certified seeds assorted seeds: maize, 1 1 17,500 17,500 tomatoes,kales,Okra,brinjals,amaranthus, water melon, cassava cuttings, green grams, cow peas, pigeon peas, beans Fertilizers 1 2 6,500 13,000 Pesticides (Assorted) 1 1 25,000 25,000 Jembe 1 10 600 6,000 Panga 1 5 500 2,500 Wheel barrow 1 2 4,000 8,000 Protective gears 1 1 10,000 10,000 Spray pump; knapsack 1 2 15,000 30,000 Store (10 x 10m) 1 1 150,000 150,000 Sub total 1,383,000 2 Rain-fed farming Target Villages: Fikirini Farm Inputs Ploughing 1 1 3,000 3,000 Land Lease 1 1 3,000 3,000 Certified seeds assorted seeds: maize, 1 1 17,500 17,500 tomatoes, kales, Okra, brinjals, amaranthus, water melon, cassava cuttings, green grams, cow peas, pigeon peas, beans Fertilizers 1 2 6,500 13,000 Pesticides (Assorted) 1 1 25,000 25,000 Jembe 1 10 600 6,000 Panga 1 5 500 2,500 Wheel barrow 1 2 4,000 8,000 Protective gears 1 1 10,000 10,000 Spray pump; knapsack 1 2 15,000 30,000 Store (10 x 10m) 1 1 150,000 150,000 Sub total 268,000 Sub-total agricultural activities for Wachwaka VMG community of Kwale County 1,651,000

Grand Total Livelihood Micro-Projects for the Wachwaka of Kwale County 2,807,500

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 86

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

F. Livelihood Ventures for the Wakifundi VMG Community of Kwale County

F1: Deep Sea Fishing for Wakifundi VMG communities of Kwale County Activities / Sub-Activities Category No. Qty Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost 1 Support to Deep Sea Fishing Target Village Shimoni 1a Hand Line; No 90(4 rolls per packet) 5 600 3,000 No 100(4 rolls per packet) 5 600 3,000 No 120(4 rolls per packet) 5 600 3,000 1b Hooks No 5(2 boxes) 2 200 400 No 4(2 Boxes) 2 200 400 N0 6 (2 Boxes) 2 200 400 Fishing curve 2 1,000 2,000 Boat anchor 2 3,500 7,000 Output Engine (15 Horse power, long 2 400,000 800,000 chases Yamaha) Life Jackets 10 4,000 40,000 mooring buoys 2 500 1,000 Boats(5 crew fibre boat) 2 1,000,000 2,000,000 Mooring chain (6M) 6 500 3,000 Life rings 2 6,000 12,000 Mooring ropes (20M) 40 30 1,200 Sub-Total deep sea fishing for Wakifundi VMG community of Kwale County 2,867,400

Grand Total Livelihood micro-projects for Wakifundi of Kwale County 2,867,400

G. Livelihood Ventures for the Waata VMG Community of Kwale County G1: Aquaculture project for the Waata VMG community of Kwale County Activities / Sub-Activities Category No. Qty Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost 1 Aquaculture Please note that the Target Village Kikobeni Village information on this Baseline survey (Water pan) micro-project is DSA (Fisheries officer) 1 1 11,200 11,200 incomplete will DSA (Assistant Fisheries officer) 1 1 6,300 6,300 need to be worked DSA(Director) 1 1 16,000 16,000 out with the DSA Water and Irrigation officer 1 1 11,200 11,200 fisheries expert on DSA Driver 1 1 6,300 6,300 the ground as only Transport Fuel 1 70 110 7,700 the budget for the baseline survey has been estimated but not the actual cost of the micro- project. (Please counter check with the relevant excel sheet) Sub-total baseline survey for Aquaculture water pan for the Waata VMG of Kwale 58,700 County

G2: Agriculture projects for the Waata VMG community of Kwale County 1 Tree Nursery Target Villages Kilibasi, Landi, Shirango B and Kikobeni Rakes 4 4 500 8,000 Watering cans 4 4 600 9,600

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 87

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Certified seeds(Assorted) 4 1 20,000 80,000 Potting tubes 4 10 1,800 72,000 Wheel barrow 4 2 4,000 32,000 Pangas 4 4 500 8,000 Shovel 4 4 700 11,200 Jembe 4 4 600 9,600 Shade net 4 1 150,000 600,000 Pesticides/ foliar feed 4 1 10,000 40,000 Pruning knives 4 4 300 4,800 Farmyard manure 0 0 Farmers to provide Fence 4 1 50,000 200,000 Sieve 4 1 1,000 4,000 Spray pump; knapsack 4 1 15,000 60,000 Sub-total agricultural micro-projects 1,139,200 2 Irrigated farming Target Villages: Kilibasi, Landi, Shirango B and Kikobeni 2a Irrigation facilities Water pump (diesel powered) 4 1 75,000 300,000 Irrigation pipes and fittings 4 1 740,000 2,960,000 Reservoir (10,000lt tanks) +support 4 1 300,000 1,200,00 2b Farm Inputs 4 0 0 Ploughing 4 1 3,000 12,000 Land Lease 4 1 3,000 12,000 Certified seeds assorted seeds: maize, 4 1 17,500 70,000 tomatoes, kales, Okra, brinjals, amaranthus, water melon, cassava cuttings, green grams, cow peas, pigeon peas, beans Fertilizers 4 2 6,500 52,000 Pesticides (Assorted) 4 1 25,000 100,000 Jembe 4 10 600 24,000 Panga 4 5 500 10,000 Wheel barrow 4 2 4,000 32,000 Protective gears 4 1 10,000 40,000 Spray pump; knapsack 4 2 15,000 60,000 Store (10 x 10m) 4 1 150,000 600,000 Sub total 4,273,200 Sub-total agricultural activities for the Waata VMG community of Kwale county 5,412,400

Grand Total Livelihoodmicro-projects for the Waata of Kwale county 5,471,100

H. Livelihood Ventures for the Waata VMG Community of Taita Taveta County

H1: Agricultural micro-projects Activities / Sub-Activities Category No. Qty Unit Cost Total Remarks Villages 1 Green House Target Villages Birikani and Kajire Complete standard size for dry Civil 2 1 200,000 400,000 areas: drip lines, inputs works Water tank(2500 litres) including 2 2 35,000 140,000 base and pipes Fence (Barbed wire) 2 3 3,500 21,000 Nursery to raise the seeds 0 Watering cans 2 2 600 2,400 Wheelbarrow 2 2 4,000 16,000 Spray pump; knapsack 2 1 15,000 30,000

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 88

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Jembe 2 4 600 4,800 Panga 2 2 500 2,000 Shovel 2 2 700 2,800 Protective gears 2 2 10,000 40,000 Weighing scale 2 1 5,000 10,000 Crates 2 5 1,000 10,000 Sub total 679,000 2 Tree Nursery Target Village Bondeni Rakes 1 4 500 2,000 Watering cans 1 4 600 2,400 Certified seeds(Assorted) 1 1 20,000 20,000 Potting tubes 1 10 1,800 18,000 Wheel barrow 1 2 4,000 8,000 Pangas 1 4 500 2,000 Shovel 1 4 700 2,800 Jembe 1 4 600 2,400 Shade net 1 1 150,000 150,000 Pesticides/ foliar feed 1 1 10,000 10,000 Pruning knives 1 4 300 1,200 Farmyard manure 0 Farmers to provide Fence 1 1 50,000 50,000 Sieve 1 1 1,000 1,000 Spray pump; knapsack 1 1 15,0000 15,000 Sub-Total 284,800 3 Irrigated farming Target Villages: Bondeni and Kisimeni 3a Irrigation facilities Water pump (diesel powered) 2 1 75,000 150,000 Irrigation pipes and fittings 2 1 740,000 1,480,000 Reservoir (10,000lt tanks) +support 2 1 300,000 600,000 3b Farm Inputs 0 0 Ploughing 2 1 3,000 6,000 Land Lease 2 1 3,000 6,000 Certified seeds assorted seeds: maize, 2 1 17,500 35,000 tomatoes, kales, Okra, brinjals, amaranthus, water melon, cassava cuttings, green grams, cow peas, pigeon peas, beans Fertilizers 2 2 6,500 26,000 Pesticides (Assorted) 2 1 25,000 50,000 Jembe 2 10 600 12,000 Panga 2 5 500 5,000 Wheel barrow 2 2 4,000 16,000 Protective gears 2 1 10,000 20,000 Spray pump; knapsack 2 2 15,000 60,000 Store (10 x 10m) 2 1 150,000 300,000 Sub total 2,766,000 4 Rain-fed farming Target Villages: Kisimeni Farm Inputs Ploughing 1 1 3,000 3,000 Land Lease 1 1 3,000 3,000 Certified seeds assorted seeds: maize, 1 1 17,500 17,500 tomatoes, kales, Okra, brinjals, amaranthus, water melon, cassava cuttings, green grams, cow peas, pigeon peas, beans VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 89

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Fertilizers 1 2 6,500 13,000 Pesticides (Assorted) 1 1 25,000 25,000 Jembe 1 10 600 6,000 Panga 1 5 500 2,500 Wheel barrow 1 2 4,000 8,000 Protective gears 1 1 10,000 10,000 Spray pump; knapsack 1 2 15,000 30,000 Store (10 x 10m) 1 1 150,000 150,000 Sub total 268,000 Sub-total Agricultural projects for Waata VMGs of Taita Taveta County 3,997,800

Grand Total Livelihood projects for the Waata of Taita Taveta County 3,997,800

F/G/H 1: Joint ToT for farmers from Kilifi, Kwale and Taita Taveta Activities / Sub-Activities No No. Qty Unit Cost Total Remarks Villages Training: 50 people ( 50 people from each county) TOT Target villages 50 farmers selected from all farming villages in each county Training materials 1 3 3 15,000 135,000 Accommodation 50 3 3 1,500 675,000 Venue 1 3 3 5,000 45,000 Facilitators 5 3 3 15,000 675,000 Transport (field visits) 1 3 1 50,000 150,000 Refreshments 1 3 3 20,000 180,000 meals 50 3 3 2,000 900,000 Monitoring and evaluation 1 3 1 100,000 300,000 Sub-Total ToT for farmers from Kilifi, Taita Taveta and Kwale counties 3,060,000

I. Joint ventures for VMGs in Taita Taveta, Kwale and Kilifi counties

I1: Cultural Centers for VMGs in Kilifi, Kwale and Taita Taveta Counties 1 Cultural Centre Waata of Kilifi; Wakifundi and Waata of Kwale; and Waata of Taita Taveta Target Villages (11): Kwale County (Kikobeni, Kilibasi, Shimoni, Landi); Kilifi County ( Bombi, Remarks Mabuani, Debase, Matigani ); Taita Taveta County ( Bondeni, Birikani, Kisimeni ) Land 3 To be provided by the community or respective County Governments Fencing (Block fence with a gate) Civil works 3 1 1,000,000 3,000,000 It is assumed that only one cultural Construction of a Hall Civil works 3 1 4,000,000 12,000,000 centre can be supported per county, with sections for each VMG community in the county, rather than for each community Traditional homesteads (Waata, 3 1 10,000 30,000 This is for grass, Wakifundi and Wachwaka): Each sticks and ropes traditional home among the 3 1 4 30,000 120,000 This is for makuti communities have 2 model houses and mangrove (pre- marital house and post-marital sticks house) using Grass & sticks & ropes and Mud & makuti & mangrove sticks (as appropriate) VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 90

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Plastic chairs for all the 3 centres Procurement 3 60 650 39,000 Purchase and collection of artefacts’ Procurement 3 3 200,000 600,000 for museum (pots, beads, necklaces, cooking utensils, traditional mats, hides and skins , traditional seats & beds) Capacity building: awareness and 3 3 1,000,000 3,000,000 sensitization Construction and furnishing of an Civil works 3 3 2,000,000 6,000,000 administration block (offices for staff, Store, Reception area and Accounts section) Construction of toilets for ladies and 3 12 300,000 3,600,000 gentlemen (flush toilets) Piped water reticulation 2 km (Kilifi Civil works 3 29 150,000 4,350,000 -11km; Kwale- 13km; Taita Taveta- 5km): 20 pipes, metal poles, 5,000ltrs tank Office equipment (computer, printer, 3 3 240,000 720,000 filing cabinet, furniture) Solar Panels ( Kilifi) 3 1 100,000 100,000 Website hosting 3 3 20,000 60,000 Electrification (Kwale & Taita 3 2 50,000 100,000 Taveta) Signboard 3 3 20,000 60,000 Administrative cost (10% of total 3 910,065 3,370,900 cost) Sub-total Joint Cultural Centre 37,149,900

I2: Ecotourism ventures the Wachwaka and Wakifundi VMGs in Kwale County Activities / Sub-Activities Category No. Qty Unit Cost Total Remarks Counties 1 Eco Tourism Target Villages: Shimoni and Fikirini (for the restoration of the slave caves) Remarks 10 Km murram road 1 10 300,000 3,000,000 Sign posts (one at Shimoni, Ukunda 1 3 20,000 60,000 & Kwale) Resting Shades 1 6 30,000 180,000 Steps to the caves 1 - 5,000 5,000 Marketing (Website & 0 0 Already taken Advertisement) care of in the cultural centre section Sub-total 3,245,000 Required Personnel (Cultural Centre) Designation Required Office Administrator 1 Tour guide 3 Cleaning 1 Security Personnel 2 Accountant 1 Sub-total for eco-tourism for Wachwaka and Wakifundi of Kwale County 3,245,000

I3: Small Scale Enterprises for the Waata, Wakifundi and Wachwaka VMGs in Kilifi, Kwale and Taita Taveta counties Enterprise Unit Cost Qty Frequency No. Villages Individuals Total Remarks 1 Food and vegetable kiosk Villages in Vegetables 2,500 1 3 16 5 600,000 which to Sugar 80 5 7 16 5 224,000 implement

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 91

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Maize flour 50 5 7 16 5 140,000 these Beans 100 5 7 16 5 280,000 enterprises Rice 80 5 7 16 5 224,000 would have to Bread 45 10 7 16 5 252,000 be identified County license 3,000 1 1 16 5 5,000 during village Public health forums license 3,000 1 1 16 5 5,000 Kwale, Kilifi Rent 2,000 1 1 16 5 40,000 and Taita Transport 100 1 7 16 5 56,000 Taveta VMG Sub-total 1,826,000 villages 2 Indigenous Poultry business Villages in Hens 250 5 1 16 5 100,000 which to Cockerel 400 1 1 16 5 32,000 implement Feeds 40 1 12 16 5 38,400 these Medicine 200 1 1 16 5 16,000 enterprises Sub-total 186,400 would have to be identified After 3 months during village Feed 8 56 12 16 5 430,080 forums Kwale, Kilifi Medicine 400 1 1 16 5 32,000 and Taita Sub-total 462,080 Taveta VMG

villages After 3 months Feed 8 106 12 16 5 814,080 Medicine 400 1 1 16 5 32,000 Sub-total 846,080 3 Stabilizing soil blocks Villages in Investment cost which to Brick making implement equipment 30,000 1 1 1 1 30,000 these Operating costs 0 enterprises Maintenance 500 1 1 1 1 500 would have to Brick making cost 2 300 25 1 1 15,000 be identified Cement 700 2 25 1 1 35,000 during village Water 0.25 200 25 1 1 1,250 forums Transport 20 2 25 1 1 1,000 Kwale, Kilifi and Taita Marketing/Promoti Taveta VMG on 0.5 300 25 1 1 3,750 villages Sub-total 86,500 4 Motor Bikes Investment cost Villages will Motor Bikes 90,000 2 1 3 1 540,000 be identified Operating costs 0 during village Insurance 7,000 2 1 3 1 42,000 forums Maintenance 300 2 3 3 1 5,400 Kwale, Kilifi Petrol 350 2 30 3 1 63,000 and Taita Taveta VMG Sub-total 650,400 villages 5 Tents, chairs, sufurias, public address system Investment cost Unit price Qty Frequency Villages Individuals Total Tents 70,000 2 1 3 2 840,000 Villages will Chairs 600 100 1 3 2 360,000 be identified Sufuria 20,000 2 1 3 2 240,000 during village Operating costs 0 forums Transport 1,000 1 4 3 2 24,000 Kwale, Kilifi Marketing 200 1 4 3 2 4,800 and Taita Cleaning 300 1 4 3 2 7,200 Taveta VMG Sub-Total 1,476,000 villages 6 Samaki karanga na viazi karai

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 92

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Gharama za vifaa Unit price Qty Frequency Villages Individuals Total Chuma ya kuchomea 1,000 1 1 4 10 40,000 Villages in Miwok, Samaki 300 1 1 4 10 12,000 which to Sanduku ya samaki 700 2 1 4 10 56,000 implement Sanduku ya viazi 1,000 2 1 4 10 80,000 these Karai 500 1 1 4 10 20,000 enterprises Jiko 500 2 1 4 10 40,000 would have to Kijiko- Viazi 100 2 1 4 10 8,000 be identified Operating costs 0 during village Fish 250 7 1 4 10 70,000 forums Potatoes 60 3 1 4 10 7,200 Kwale, Kilifi Cooking oil 200 4 1 4 10 32,000 and Taita Packets 50 3 1 4 10 6,000 Taveta VMG Wheat flour 65 7 1 4 10 18,200 villages Food color 50 1 1 4 10 2,000 Salt, ukwaju etc. 50 1 1 4 10 2,000 Communication 50 1 1 4 10 2,000 Sub-total 395,400 7 Makuti Makuti banda 50,000 1 1 1 1 50,000 Operating cost 0 Raw materials 5 4,000 1 1 1 20,000 Makuti making 1 8,000 1 1 1 8,000 Robe 25 160 1 1 1 4,000 Sub-total 82,000 8 Buying and selling of goats Goats 3,500 10 3 1 1 105,000 Transport 500 10 1 1 1 5,000 Communication 100 300 Sub-total 110,300 9 Sea foods Cost of equipment Freezer 110,000 1 1 2 2 220,000 Operating costs 0 Fish 200 10 7 2 5 140,000 Lobster 800 5 7 2 5 280,000 Crabs 250 15 7 2 3 262,500 Transport 200 1 7 1 1 1,400 Communication 100 1 7 2 5 7,000 Sub-total 910,900 Sub-Total Small Scale Enterprises for MVGs in Kilifi, Kwale and Taita Taveta 7,032,060 counties

Grand Total Joint livelihood activities for MVGs in Kilifi, Kwale and Taita Taveta 50,486,960 counties

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 93

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

J. Livelihood ventures for the Aweer VMG community of Lamu County

J1: Agriculture micro-projects for Aweer VMG Community of Lamu County Activities/sub-activities category No Unit Qty Unit cost Total Remarks Villages Agriculture 1a Fencing Target Villages: Mangai, Madinah, Basuba,Kiangwi,Milimani, Mararani ) Netted fence supported by Civil 6 Metre 4,200 3,000 75,600,000 per block bricks and cemented base works including labour and materials 1b Farm Equipment ( 11 Villages) 0 50,400,000 Forked jembe 6 No 10 450 27,000 75,600,000 Jembe 6 No 50 500 150,000 126,000,000 Panga 6 No 50 400 120,000 Files 6 No 5 200 6,000 Tractor (Basuba, 2 No 2 ##### 0 Needs a visit to Pandanguo) the dealers 1c Bush clearing: (Mangai, Madinah, Pandanguo, Basuba villages) 0 Slashing and stumping and 4 Acre 100 31,500 12,600,000 Per acre removal of debris 1d Farm inputs for: (Mangai, Madina, Basuba, Kiangwi, Panda Nguo, Milimani, 0 Mararani villages) Target crops: Maize, simsim, cassava, cowpeas, green grams, ground nuts and 0 vegetables) Certified seeds 7 8kg 100 350 245,000 per block/7 villages Cassava cutting (kibanda 1 4,000 100 2 800,000 Confirm costs and meno) units from the county expert CAN 7 50kg 100 2,500 1,750,000 per block/7 Pesticides 7 litres 100 1,500 1,050,000 villages Foliar 7 litres 100 600 420,000 Knapsack spray pump 7 No. 2 2,500 35,000 2 pumps per block (village) Protective gear 7 L/sum 2 6,000 84,000 2 people in a village Sub-total crop farmingactivities 92,887,000 2a Tree nursery - 50,000 seedlings (Mangai) 0 Wheelbarrow 1 No. 1 10,000 10,000 Potting tubes 1 Packets 50,000 3 150,000 Certified seeds (Causarina, 1 L/sum 1 56,000 56,000 mango, citrus & cashewnuts) Shade net 1 Rolls 1 100,000 100,000 Rakes 1 No. 2 250 500 Jembe 1 No. 2 500 1,000 Panga 1 No. 2 400 800 Watering cans 1 No. 2 650 1,300 Farm Yard Manure 1 Lorry 1 10,000 10,000 Fence 1 metres 400 380 152,000 2b Seedlings (Kiangwi village) 0 Seedlings 1 No. 20,000 100 2,000,000 Sub-total seedlings 2,481,600

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 94

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

3 Training: (11 villages) 0 Stationery ( 50 pieces) 7 L/sum 1 6,000 42,000 Fare reimbursement 7 No. 50 1,000 350,000 Accommodation 7 Pax 150 1,500 1,575,000 Facilitators 7 No. 6 15,000 630,000 Venue 7 Days 3 5,000 105,000 Field visits 7 L/sum 1 50,000 350,000 Miscellaneous 7 L/sum 1 50,000 350,000 (refreshments etc.) Costing for technical backstopping 0 To be agreed Sub-total training of Aweer VMGs community farmers 3,402,000 4 Posho mill (Milimani) 0 Posho machine 1 No 1 200,000 200,000 Posho Mill housing 1 No 1 500,000 500,000 Installation and accessories 1 L/sum 1 200,000 200,000 Sub-total posho mill 900,000 Sub-total Agricultural Projects for Aweer VMG Community of Lamu County 99,670,600

J2: Fisheries micro-projects for the Aweer VMG Community of Lamu County Activities/sub Activities Category No of Qty Unit Cost Total Remarks Villages 1 Deep sea fishing Target Villages Kiangwe, Mararani, Madina and Ndununi Gillnet: length 200 m 4 24 700 67,200 *width 12 m Small Buoys(pieces) 4 400 30 48,000 Medium buoys 4 8 600 19,200 Floaters 4 300 20 24,000 Ropes (200m length *2 4 800 10 32,000 ropes*2 nets* 12mm Thickness) Net Sinkers(kg) 4 8 400 12,800 Joining Ropes(rolls) 4 2 80 640 Anchor chain (3m) 4 1 500 2,000 Anchor (Boat anchor) 4 1 3,500 14,000 Mooring ropes (20M) 4 20 30 2,400 Anchor for stationery net 4 8 3,000 96,000 Outboard Engine (25 Horse 4 1 500,000 2,000,000 power, long chases Yamaha) Life rings 4 1 6,000 24,000 Life Jackets 4 8 4,000 128,000 Boat (8crew, fibre boat) 4 1 4,500,000 18,000,000 Deep freezer (500Kgs) 4 2 120,000 960,000 mooring buoys 4 1 500 2,000 Solar Cool boxes (500 Kgs) 4 1 60,000 240,000 Mooring ropes (20M) 4 20 30 2,400 Sub-total 21,674,640 2 Support to Aqua- Culture Targeted Villages Mangai, Baragoni, Mararani, Basuba, Milimani and Pandanguo 2a Baseline survey 0 Fuel Goods 1 200 110 22,000 DSA (Fisheries officer) Services 2 6 4,200 50,400 Training on DSA (Officer) Services 1 6 6,300 37,800 fish farming 2b Capacity building 0 practices Training on fish farming 0 (TOT) will be practices at Sagana

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 95

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Fees 2 1 30,000 60,000 Transport 2 2 9,000 36,000 DSA 2 4 2,100 16,800 Training on fish farming 0 practices at Garsen DSA (Community) Training 6 7 2,100 88,200 Transport (Farmers) Training 6 2 3,000 36,000 Facilitation of training 0 DSA (Fisheries officer) 1 6 6,300 37,800 DSA (Fisheries officer) 1 6 7,000 42,000 Transport Fuel 1 60 110 6,600 Conference package 1 6 5,000 30,000 Stationery 1 1 15,000 15,000 Refreshments 1 1 20,000 20,000 2c Pond set up 0 Pond construction (1 for 6 1 45,000 270,000 hatchery) Purchase of pond liners 6 1 120,000 720,000 Fencing (Chain link) 6 1 120,000 720,000 Fencing (Chicken wire) 400,000 against smaller animals- predators Overhead nets 6 1 120,000 720,000 2d Purchase of equipment's 0 Wheel barrows 6 1 5,000 30,000 Jembes 6 6 400 14,400 Pangas 6 5 600 18,000 Compactors for soil 6 5 500 15,000 compaction 2e Fingerling supply 0 Purchase of fingerlings 5 1,000 10 50,000 DSA Driver 1 2 4,200 8,400 DSA Officer 1 2 6,300 12,600 DSA Community 1 2 2,100 4,200 Fuel 1 120 110 13,200 Boat (hire to transport fish 1 1 24,000 24,000 seed) Transport for one 1 1 3,000 3,000 community member 2f Fish feeds 0 Purchase of fertilizer 5 2 1,000 10,000 (DAP) Purchase of fish feeds 5 500 35 87,500 pellets 2g Harvesting 0 Seine Net 5 1 10,000 50,000 Scoop net 5 1 1,000 5,000 Deep freezers 5 1 70,000 350,000 Solar electricity 5 1 120,000 405,000 Provision for supply of 1 1 5,000,000 5,000,000 water Sub-total Aquaculture 9,428,900 Sub-total Fisheries Projects for Aweer VMG Community of Lamu County 31,103,540

J3: Small Scale Enterprises for the Aweer VMG community of Lamu County 1 Micro-Project: Food Vending Targeted Villages Mararani and Baragoni, 1a Individual Equipment’s Unit cost Qty Villages Days s Cost Remarks

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 96

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Karai 800 1 2 1 5 8,000 Frying pan 500 1 2 1 5 5,000 Jiko 600 1 2 1 5 6,000 Utensils 600 1 2 1 5 6,000 Glasses 600 1 2 1 5 6,000 spoons 240 1 2 1 5 2,400 Sufuria 600 1 2 1 5 6,000 Hot pot 1,500 1 2 1 5 15,000 Rolling board 400 1 2 1 5 4,000 Jag 150 1 2 1 5 1,500 Table 3,500 2 2 1 5 70,000 Bench 2,000 4 2 1 5 80,000 Banda 15,000 1 2 1 5 150,000 1b Operating Costs 0 Unga ngano Kg 75 5 2 7 5 26,250 Oil 120 4 2 7 5 33,600 Sugar 40 1 2 7 5 2,800 Hamira 15 1 2 7 5 1,050 Iliki 10 1 2 7 5 700 Charcoal 30 1 2 7 5 2,100 Salt 10 1 2 7 5 700 Potatoes 100 1 2 7 5 7,000 Beans 80 1 2 7 5 5,600 Bojo 120 1 2 7 5 8,400 Onions & tomatoes 50 1 2 7 5 3,500 Rangi 20 1 2 7 5 1,400 Nazi 25 1 2 7 5 1,750 Rice 80 1 2 7 5 5,600 Sub-total Food vending 459,950 2 Kiosk/shop Targeted Villages Pandanguo, Mangai, Basuba, Ndaiand Confirm Milimani location of Ndai 2a Equipment Unit cost Qty Villages Days Individual Cost s Weigh scale 5,000 1 5 5 5 625,000 Motor bike 110,000 1 2 1 1 220,000 2b Operating costs 0 Licenses 30 1 5 7 5 5,250 Transport 600 1 5 7 5 105,000 Fuel 300 2 1 7 1 4,200 Sugar 4,000 1 5 1 5 100,000 Oil 500 1 5 1 5 12,500 Bundle of maize flour 1,050 1 5 1 5 26,250 Sub-total kiosk/shop 1,098,200 3 Clothes Vending Target Village Kiangwe 3a Premises Banda 25,000 1 1 1 1 25,000 3b Operating costs Lesso 250 12 1 1 5 15,000 Dira na mtandio 500 12 1 1 5 30,000 Short 250 12 1 1 5 15,000 Shirt 250 12 1 1 5 15,000 T shirt 200 12 1 1 5 12,000 Mswani 150 12 1 1 5 9,000 Khamisi 300 12 1 1 5 18,000 Fare 2,500 1 1 1 1 2,500 Accommodation 1,000 1 1 1 1 1,000 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 97

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Sub-total total clothes vending 142,500 Sub-total small scale enterprises for Aweer VMG Community of Lamu County 1,700,650

J4: Livestock micro-projects for Aweer VMGs of Lamu County 1 Local Goats (3 goats per household) Target villages: Pandanguo, Basuba, Milimani, Mararani, Kiangwi, Baragoni, Madina and Mangai (total of 862 households) Training (2 times) Services 8 1 2 7,521,600 2 trainings per 470,100 village Housing Works 1 862 1 8,620,000 10,000 Purchase of East African Goods 1 862 2 8,000 13,792,000 goat-does (Kienyenji) Purchase of he-goat (buck) Goods 1 862 1 8,000 6,896,000 Transport for goats Services 1 1 1 300,000 300,000 Medicine and acaricides and Goods 8 1 1 240,000 multivits 30,000 Spraying Equipment Goods 8 1 2 160,000 10,000 Mineral Supplements Goods 1 862 1 862,000 1,000 Follow up Services 4 1 2 3,760,800 2 villages per visit 470,100 Sub-total Kienyeji goats 42,152,400 3 Local poultry Target villages: Pandanguo, Milimani, Mararani, Kiangwi, Baragoni, Madina and Mangai (total of 796 households) Training (2 times) Services 7 1 2 470,100 6,581,400 2 trainings per village Housing Works 1 796 1 15,000 11,940,000 Purchase of pullets Goods 1 796 5 800 3,184,000 (Kienyenji) Transport for pullets Services 1 1 1 300,000 300,000 Medicine: (antibiotics, dudu Goods 7 1 1 30,000 210,000 dust) and vaccination (NCD, gumboro, fowl typhoid), de- wormers and multivits Drinkers Goods 1 796 2 450 716,400 Follow up Services 4 1 2 470,100 3,760,800 2 villages per visit Sub-total poultry 26,692,600 4 Support for Apiculture (Beekeeping) Target Village (1): Pandanguo, Mararani, Baragoni, Basuba and Mangai (a total of 709 households) Training (2 times) Services 5 1 2 470,100 940,200 2 trainings per village Beehives (Langstroth) No 1 709 3 5,000 10,635,000 3 hives per Household Bee Keeping/harvesting Kit No 5 1 5 15,000 375,000 (Silk coverall kit, brush, knapsack. Gloves, veil, gumboots, smoker ,hive tool, hanging wire) Honey Extractor No 5 1 1 75,000 375,000 Honey Refractometer No 5 1 1 60,000 300,000 Honey Setting Tank No 2 1 1 50,000 100,000 Packing Tapes No 1 709 5 100 709,000 Wax Extractor No 2 1 1 30,000 60,000 Digital Weighing balance No 2 1 1 50,000 100,000 Sealer Machine No 2 1 1 60,000 120,000

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 98

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Honey Processor No 2 1 2 120,000 240,000 Harvesting Buckets No 1 709 2 50 70,900 Plastic Jar ( 250 g / 500 g) No 1 709 2 1,000 709,000 Follow up Services 3 1 470,100 1,410,300 2 villages per visit Sub-total poultry 16,144,400 Sub-total livestock micro-projects for Aweer VMG Community of Lamu County 84,989,400

Grand Total Livelihood Macro-Projects for Aweer of Lamu County 217,464,190

K. Livelihood ventures for the Sanye VMG community of Lamu County

K1: Agricultural activities for Sanye VMG community of Lamu County Activities/sub-activities category No Unit Qty Unit cost Total Remarks Villages Agriculture 1a Farm Equipment 0 Forked jembe 4 No 10 450 18,000 Jembe 4 No 50 500 100,000 Panga 4 No 50 400 80,000 Files 4 No 5 200 4,000 1b Farm inputs 0 Target crops: Maize, simsim, cassava, cowpeas, green grams, ground nuts and 0 vegetables) Certified seeds 4 8kg 100 350 140,000 per block/4 villages CAN 4 50kg 100 2,500 1,000,000 Pesticides 4 litres 100 1,500 600,000 Foliar 4 litres 100 600 240,000 Knapsack spray pump 4 No. 2 2,500 20,000 2 pumps per block Protective gear 4 L/sum 2 6,000 48,000 2 people in a village 2 Tree nursery (Shekale) 0 Seedlings 1 No. 20,000 100 2,000,000 Sub-total agricultural activities for the Sanye VMG community of Lamu County 4,250,000 5 Training: (11 villages) 0 Stationery ( 50 pieces) 4 L/sum 1 6,000 24,000 Fare reimbursement 4 No. 50 1,000 200,000 Accommodation 4 Pax 150 1,500 900,000 Facilitators 4 No. 6 15,000 360,000 Venue 4 Days 3 5,000 60,000 Field visits 4 L/sum 1 50,000 200,000 Miscellaneous (refreshments 4 L/sum 1 50,000 200,000 etc.) Sub-total for training for Sanye VMGs farmers 1,944,000 Sub-total Agricultural Projects for Sanye VMG Community of Lamu County 6,194,000

K2: Fisheries micro-projects for the Sanye VMG Community of Lamu County 1 Deep sea fishing Target Villages Shekale, Bahati Njema, Kwadae and Kizuke Gillnet: length 200 m *width 12 4 24 700 67,200 m Small Buoys(pieces) 4 400 30 48,000 Medium buoys 4 8 600 19,200 Floaters 4 300 20 24,000 Ropes (200m length *2 ropes*2 4 800 10 32,000 nets* 12mm Thickness)

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 99

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Net Sinkers(kg) 4 8 400 12,800 Joining Ropes(rolls) 4 2 80 640 Anchor chain (3m) 4 1 500 2,000 Anchor (Boat anchor) 4 1 3,500 14,000 Mooring ropes (20M) 4 20 30 2,400 Anchor for stationery net 4 8 3,000 96,000 Outboard Engine (25 Horse 4 1 500,000 2,000,000 power, long chases Yamaha) Life rings 4 1 6,000 24,000 Life Jackets 4 8 4,000 128,000 Boat (8 crew, fibre boat) 4 1 4,500,0 18,000,000 00 Deep freezer (500Kgs) 4 2 120,000 960,000 mooring buoys 4 1 500 2,000 Solar Cool boxes (500 Kgs) 4 1 60,000 240,000 Mooring ropes (20M) 4 20 30 2,400 Sub-total 21,674,640 Sub-total Fisheries Projects for Sanye VMG Community of Lamu County 21,674,640

K3: Livestock enterprise for Sanye VMGs of Lamu County Activities/sub-activities category No Unit Qty Unit cost Total Remarks Villages 1 Cows-Kienyenji (50 cows for the village) although village has 150 households A household Target Village (1): Shekale can only Training (2 times) Services 1 1 2 470,100 940,200 benefit from Housing structure without Works 1 1 2 20,000 40,000 one livelihood roof micro-project Watering drum and feeding Goods 1 1 2 4,000 8,000 platform Purchase of cows Goods 1 1 30 30,000.00 900,000 Insemination services Services 1 4 30 1,000.00 120,000 Transport of the cows Services 1 1 1 300,000.00 300,000 Medicine (dewormers, Goods 1 1 1 40,000 40,000 mineral supplements, multivits and acaricides) Veterinary services Services 1 1 30 2,000 60,000 Spraying Equipment Goods 1 1 2 6,000 12,000 Milk handling equipment Goods 1 1 4 5,000 20,000 (milk can Follow up Services 1 1 2 470,100 940,200 2 villages per visit Sub-total cows 3,380,400 2 Local Goats (3 goats per household) Target villages: Kizuke, Kwadae and Bahati Njema (total of 149 households) Training (2 times) Services 3 1 2 470,100 2,820,600 Housing Works 1 149 1 10,000 1,490,000 Purchase of East African Goods 1 149 2 8,000 2,384,000 goat-does (Kienyenji) Purchase of he-goat (buck) Goods 1 149 1 8,000 1,192,000 Transport for goats Services 1 1 1 300,000 300,000 Medicine and acaricides and Goods 3 1 1 30,000 90,000 multivits Spraying Equipment Goods 3 1 2 10,000 60,000 Mineral Supplements Goods 1 149 1 1,000 149,000 Follow up Services 2 1 470,100 1,880,400 2 villages per visit Sub-total Kienyeji goats 10,366,000 3 Local poultry

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 100

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Target villages: Kizuke, Kwadae and Bahati Njema (total of 149 households) Training (2 times) Services 3 1 2 470,100 2,820,600 2 trainings Housing Works 1 149 1 15,000 2,235,000 Purchase of pullets Goods 1 149 5 800 596,000 (Kienyenji) Transport for pullets Services 1 1 1 300,000 300,000 Medicine: (antibiotics, dudu Goods 3 1 1 30,000 dust) and vaccination (NCD, 90,000 gumboro, fowl typhoid), de- wormers and multivits Drinkers Goods 1 149 2 450 134,100 Follow up Services 2 1 470,100 1,880,400 2 villages per visit Sub-total poultry 8,056,100 4 Support for Apiculture (Beekeeping) Target Village (1): Bahati Njema (total of 60 households) Training (2 times) Services 1 1 2 470,100 940,200 2 trainings Beehives (Langstroth) No 1 60 3 5,000 900,000 3 hives per Household Bee Keeping/harvesting Kit No 1 1 5 15,000 75,000 (Silk coverall kit, brush, knapsack. Gloves, veil, gumboots, smoker ,hive tool, hanging wire) Honey Extractor No 1 1 1 75,000 75,000 Honey Refractometer No 1 1 1 60,000 60,000 Honey Setting Tank No 1 1 1 50,000 50,000 Packing Tapes No 1 60 5 100 30,000 Wax Extractor No 1 1 1 30,000 30,000 Digital Weighing balance No 1 1 1 50,000 50,000 Sealer Machine No 1 1 1 60,000 60,000 Honey Processor No 1 1 2 120,000 240,000 Harvesting Buckets No 1 60 2 50 6,000 Plastic Jar ( 250 g / 500 g) No 1 60 2 1,000 120,000 Follow up Services 1 1 470,100 470,000 Sub-total poultry 3,106,200 Sub-total livestock micro-projects for Sanye VMG Community of Lamu County 24,908,700

K4: Small scale enterprises for the Sanye VMG community of Lamu County 1 Micro-Project: Food Vending Targeted Villages Shekale and Bahati Njema 1a Equipment Unit cost Qty Villages Days Individuals Cost Remarks Karai 800 1 2 1 5 8,000 Frying pan 500 1 2 1 5 5,000 Jiko 600 1 2 1 5 6,000 Utensils 600 1 2 1 5 6,000 Glasses 600 1 2 1 5 6,000 spoons 240 1 2 1 5 2,400 Sufuria 600 1 2 1 5 6,000 Hot pot 1,500 1 2 1 5 15,000 Rolling board 400 1 2 1 5 4,000 Jag 150 1 2 1 5 1,500 Table 3,500 2 2 1 5 70,000 Bench 2,000 4 2 1 5 80,000 Panda 15,000 1 2 1 5 150,000 1b Operating Costs 0 Unga ngano Kg 75 5 2 7 5 26,250 Oil 120 4 2 7 5 33,600 Sugar 40 1 2 7 5 2,800 VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 101

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Hamira 15 1 2 7 5 1,050 Iliki 10 1 2 7 5 700 Charcoal 30 1 2 7 5 2,100 Salt 10 1 2 7 5 700 Potatoes 100 1 2 7 5 7,000 Beans 80 1 2 7 5 5,600 Bojo 120 1 2 7 5 8,400 Onions & tomatoes 50 1 2 7 5 3,500 Rangi 20 1 2 7 5 1,400 Nazi 25 1 2 7 5 1,750 Rice 80 1 2 7 5 5,600 Sub-total food vending 460,350 3 Micro- Project : Cereals Panda Targeted Village Kizuke 3a Premises Banda 25,000 1 1 1 1 25,000 3b Operating costs 0 Maize 20 90 1 4 20 144,000 Transport 100 1 1 4 20 8,000 Sub-total cereals Panda 177,000 Sub-total Micro enterprises for Sanye VMG Community of Lamu County 637,350

Grand Total Livelihood Micro-Projects for Sanye of Lamu County 53,414,690

J/K: Joint eco-tourism venture for the Aweer and Sanye VMG communities of Lamu County Activities / Sub-Activities Category No. Qty Unit Total Remarks Villages Cost Ecotourism Target Villages Shekale, Bahati Njema, Mangai and Kiangwi 1 Capacity Building on tree nursery establishment Fuelling of vehicle during training 4 400 100 40,000 Accommodation & Meals during 4 100 12,600 1,260,000 training for 3 Nights Mineral water, Tea & Snacks 4 110 400 44,000 Stationery during training (pens, 4 100 200 20,000 notebooks, masking tape, felt pens, felt pens) DSA for Facilitators 4 3 36,600 109,800 Transport for Facilitators 4 3 2,000 6,000 Hire for projector during training 4 2 3,000 6,000 Procurement of tree seedlings 4 60,000 40 2,400,000 Water Pump Generators 1 2 80,000.00 160,000 Water Pipes (20 ft.) PVC 1 20 200 4,000 Water Tanks each 10,000 litres 4 8 85,000.00 680,000 each Transport for water tanks 4 8 65,000.00 520,000 Transport for seedlings 4 60,000 25,000 100,000 Fuelling of Water buzzers in 3 9 trips 20,000 180,000 Shekale, Kiangwi and Bahati Njema villages DSA for 2 Officers (Driver & 3 6 6,300 37,800 Casual Labourer) for 3 nights each Administration Cost 10% 556,760 Sub-total tree nursery establishment 6,124,360 2 Camp site 0 Fencing 10 ha of land around 2 10 300,000 6,000,000 campsite: (Fencing + gate)

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 102

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Campsite- Water (Borehole/ 2 1 1,500,000 3,000,000 shallow well - solar propelled) and water tank Bathroom and toilet facilities 2 1 500,000 1,000,000 Housing for security staff and 2 1 1,000,000 2,000,000 Reception Solar energy set 2 1 120,000 240,000 Tented camps 2 10 20,000 400,000 Marketing- Brochures 2 50,000 Website hosting 2 50,000 Sub-total camp site 12,740,000 3 Fibre glass motor boat 0 Fibre glass motor boat + Life 2 1 600,000 1,200,000 saver equipment Sub-total fibre glass boat 1,200,000 4 Capacity building: Training and 2 1 1,000,000 2,000,000 awareness forums by KWS Ostrich Rearing- Fencing + gate 1 10 300,000 3,000,000 (10 Ha) Solar water pump 1 1 900,000 900,000 Capacity Building on ostrich 1 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 rearing Sourcing for ostrich Chicks 1 1 200,000 200,000 Administration Cost 10% of cost- 2,321,400 Lump sum Sub-total Training/awareness creation by KWS 9,921,400

Grand Total Joint eco-tourism venture for Aweer and Sanye of Lamu County 29,985,760

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 103

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Annex 2: Summary of Key messages from the validation workshops

1. Validation Process

This summary of the VMGP Validation workshop proceedings covers key issues emphasized during Opening Speeches and Workshop deliberations. The workshop process included the following five steps:

a) Opening remarks by County Officials, KCDP officials and VMGs representatives b) Technical Briefing to VMGs by County Resource Persons c) Village Focus Group Project Prioritization & Plenary Presentations/discussions d) Cost Estimates & Budgeting and Plenary Presentations/discussion e) Prioritization of Community Service Projects for 1st Funding in Plenary.

2. Critical Low Level of Education

The critical low level of education amongst the VMGs was recognized as a major factor in marginalization and the need to address it, preferably through some advocacy & affirmative action, as it affects all facets of their lives. KCDP has identified the challenge and is conducting a TNA for Youth Vocational Training to sponsor some to skill oriented courses. However a comprehensive strategy & support is required for any impact to be felt in the next 5 – 10 years. The Munyoyaya community reported that they currently have 7 graduates in their community and 5 are in the university. Other communities with any level of higher education could only report on secondary school leavers

It was further noted that improved education levels among the VMGs’ can also be an avenue for imparting effective Environmental Education & Awareness. (For example, theCommission for Gender and Equalization Commission confirmed during its public education forums in 2014, established that academic qualification poses major hindrance to the communities in marginalized areas to accessing readily available opportunities in private and public sectors. For instance in Isiolo County, the deputy governor informed the meeting that out of the three hundred applicants for Cabinet Executive Committee, they never received any from the Watta community in the county. The interactive forums confirmed that poverty and cultural practices and beliefs remain formidable contributors to high rate of School dropouts for young boys and girls and is perpetuated by the parents and the community Leadership at large. For Watta and Yiaku communities, 90% of the highest academic qualification attained is probably the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE). The few with post-secondary education are unlikely to be serving in their communities due to limited opportunities and are scattered in the urban areas of Kenya and other countries).

3. Human Wildlife Conflict

The Human vs Wildlife conflict featured throughout the workshops as a major challenge &a cross-cutting issue affecting the VMGs’. KCDP acknowledged the menace exists and advised that for any meaningful solution, there is need for a consultative meeting with the affected communities to analyse the situation & chart a beneficial way forward. KWS, one of the KCDP implementing agencies, promised to spearhead this initiative with the VMGs.

4. Partnership with the Five County Governments

The need for close collaboration or partnership between KCDP & County Governments by aligning the KCDP work to the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) was emphasized. This is because both

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 104

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

KCDP and the county governments have shared mandates towards VMGs, making it necessary for both to work together in contributing to the realization of article 56 of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010, and the County Government Act 2012Section 102 which defines service to Marginalized Groups & Minorities as a responsibility of the county governments. The Act specifies that the principles of planning and development facilitation in a county shall: a) Protect and integrate rights and interest of minorities and marginalized groups and communities; b) Promote the pursuit of equity in resource allocation within the county; c) Provide a platform for unifying planning, budgeting, financing, programme implementation and performance review; and d) Serve as a basis for engagement between county government and the citizenry, other stakeholders and interest groups.

Commitment to the collaboration between county governments and KCDP was exemplified by the presence at the closing of the Lamu workshop by the Governor of Lamu County. The Governor committed to support the Wasanye and Aweer VMG communities in his county. KCDP should sensitize other Governors and county Chief Executive Officers on the need for collaboration, with particular emphasis on the role of the counties in integrating the comprehensive VGPs into the CIDPs and also in the sustainability of the CS projects that to be finance by KCDP. To this end, KCDP and the County Administrators will need to enter into collaboration MoUs in order to ensure:

. That the role of County Resource Persons (technical experts) in providing technical back-up to VMG’s be available during implementation of the KCDP supported projects and that the same will continue after the KCDP life. . The harmonization of Projects done by KCDP & County Governments to avoid duplication & facilitation of setting of timeframes. . The recognition that livelihood projects alone cannot change the living standards of the VMGs without, concurrent provision of Community Service Projects like Water, Schools, Health -facilities, roads/bridges yet these projects can only be achieved through harnessing resources from County Governments & Constituency Development Funds and even Ward Development Funds. This may also require sensitization & lobbying of MP’s and MCA’s from VMG areas to take part too.

5. Sustainability

It was emphasized that sustainability and exit plans should be incorporated at the commencement of a project, hence the need for MoUs between KCDP and county governments at the start of implementation

6. Orientation of County Resource Persons

The majority of professionals in county government departments are rarely directly involved in Project Prioritization Costing and Budgeting, which traditionally is a domain of Planning, Financial and Procurement officials refer - The Public Procurement and Disposal Act (County Governments) Regulations, 2013.

When sourcing for technical experts who definitely are well qualified in their respective thematic areas, it is important to conduct timely orientation in preparation for the task ahead. It is important to give advance orientation Resources Persons from County Government or any agency to enable them adequately prepare consult & research, if necessary to deliver comprehensive guidance to the planning process. In the case of the VMGP developed, a possible checklist of information to county officials could include: a) KCDP Project – HMP sub - component b) Information on Target Groups –VMG’s background

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 105

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

c) The meaning & scope of sensitization of VMG’s on thematic areas- check lists d) Participatory planning – prioritization and value of technical information e) Participatory Analysis, Prioritization, Cost estimation & Budgeting process (practical requirements)

With time KCDP would gather and document valuable presentations and analysis methods applied by various resource persons in their Knowledge Management e-library for future guidance of any officer in case of need. Indirectly KCDP will be building the capacity of County Officers for project sustainability.

7. Village level disclosure forums Schedule

The multi-layer disclosures/ Action Plan leading to commencement of project was scheduled to continue as follows

 By Community starting from July, 2015  By KCDP from September, 2015  County level forums, September 2015  Start of implementation – October 2015

8. Exclusion of VMGs in the governance and decision-making systems

The following sentiments were expressed at the workshop:

Inadequate (and in some case none) representation of VMGs in the county and national governance systems due to the VMGs minority numbers, making them unable to compete for elective and nominative positions. This combined with their low levels of education, makes them unable to lobby meaningfully and successfully for such positions. (For instance, thewind in Isiolo County has tended to favor the five major communities for representationsegregating the minority groups such as the Watta whose numbers are significantly low. (The National Gender and Equalization Commission, during its visit to the Wata of Isiolofound that out of seven nomination slots, fivewere given to the five major communities (all male) with two women from the same communities taking up the other two slots, and non to the Wata).

9. KCDP: A God send

All VMGs participating in the workshops acknowledged KCDP as “God-sent” to enable them taste the fruits of “independence”. Most of them indicated that this was the first time since independence that they saw genuine efforts by government to reach out to them and they hoped the good will would bear fruit. Similar sentiments were expressed by County government officials who also acknowledged that the workshops gave them the first opportunity to interact with VMGs whose existence some of them had never known about.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 106

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Annex 3: Terms of Reference

Tor for Technical Assistance Consultancy Services for Training on Participatory Methodologies, Developing Action Plans for VMGs, Scrutinizing and Validating Management Plans, and Updating the Process Framework Introduction /background

The Government of Kenya is implementing the Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP) with financing from the International Development Association (IDA). The developmental objective of KCDP is to promote environmentally sustainable management of Kenya’s coastal and marine resources by strengthening the capacity of existing relevant government agencies and rural micro, small and medium- sized enterprises in selected coastal communities.

The project is comprised of the following four components:

Component 1:Sustainable Management of Fisheries Resources with the objective of increasing revenue earning potential of GoK through sound monitoring, control and surveillance and a transparent process of licensing of foreign vessels Component 2:Sound Management of Natural Resources which aims to improve the sound management and regeneration of natural resources and biodiversity in the coastal and marine environment; Component 3:Support for Alternative Livelihoods which aims to promote sustainable livelihoods within a sound governance framework; and, Component 4:Capacity building, Monitoring and Evaluation System, Project Management and Communication, Development Fund for the Coast (Hazina ya Maendeleo ya Pwani - HMP). Hazina ya Maendeleo ya Pwani (HMP) is a fund under the KCDP whose objective is to enhance natural resource conservation, social wellbeing and increased income for small and medium entrepreneurs in coastal counties. HMP is currently structured into the following windows: Window 1 - Grants to coastal communities to undertake natural resource management (NRM) sub projects; and Window 2 - Grants to coastal communities to undertake community service (CS) sub projects. KCDP is implemented by 7 agencies of the Government of Kenya (GoK) whose activities are coordinated by a centralized Project Coordinating Unit (PCU) based at the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI).

To comply with the World Bank’s Operational Policy on indigenous peoples (OP 4.10), the Government of Kenya prepared the Indigenous People's Policy Framework (IPPF) to ensure that the development process fully respects the dignity, rights, economies, and cultures of these communities and that the project is able to gain broad support from the affected Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups. Purpose of the assignment

The Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP) wishes to engage an individual consultant to: 1) provide in-house technical assistance in training on participatory methodologies; 2) develop action plans for the Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups to benefit from the HMP; 3) scrutinize and validate the fisheries and other natural resources management plans that have been developed by the implementing agencies; 4) update the Process Framework for the target groups in the Boni-Dodori area and selected KCDP initiatives; and 5) supervise the on-going SIA Consultants to bring this work to successful completion.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 107

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Scope of work

The consultant shall be responsible for:

 Training of HMP staff on participatory methodologies relevant to the project with focus on application of Participatory Integrated Community Development (PICD) process;  Training of communities on Participatory Integrated Community Development (PICD);  Implement the PICD with staff so that the staff become trainer of trainers with communities;  Identifying appropriate HMP activities and developing action plans for the Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups (Indigenous Peoples) in the Lamu, Kilifi and Tana River Counties;  Scrutinizing and validating the fisheries and other natural resources management plans that have been developed by the implementing agencies through a process of community engagement;  Ensuring VMGPs and the management plans are appropriately disclosed;  Communicating the importance of natural Resources Management for the survival of communities;  Updating the current disclosed Process Framework for the management of natural resources in Boni-Dodori area and other selected KCDP initiatives (for OP 4.12). This work will be carried out in the Lamu, Kilifi and Tana River Counties;  Supporting the GoK in supervising the ongoing SIA Consultants to ensure they complete their work in accordance with the TOR.

The field work will be carried out in the Lamu and Tana River Counties. The consultant will report to the Project Coordinator.

Deliverables

Key deliverables include the following reports:

Inception Report: specifying the approach and work plan in undertaking the consultancy and the proposed structure for the final report to be submitted within the first 7 days after signing the contract; A draft report: This report should be close to the final report reflecting the content of the final report. The consultant will present the draft report to the project staff and other key stakeholders to receive comments.

The final report: This should provide information on achievements in the following areas:

a) training on participatory methodologies; b) benefits of KCDP/HMP for Vulnerable and Marginalized groups; c) process of free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups; d) specific individual action plans for VMGs; e) accounts of the potential adverse impacts of KCDP on Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups(and other stakeholders); f) evidence of participation of and free, prior, and informed consultation with Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups during project implementation, monitoring, and evaluation; g) designed and disseminated grievance mechanism; and h) an updated Process Framework.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 108

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Progress Reports: the consultant will keep the Client informed about the progress of the assignment for on a monthly basis.

Qualifications and experience required

The consultant should be a social scientist of post graduate training with at least 10 years’ experience and be a proven expert in the implementation of the World Bank Safeguard policies (OP 4.10 and OP 4.12). An experienced social development practitioner with field experience in conducting training on Participatory Integrated Community Development (PICD), development of action plans and be conversant with implementation of local level community projects. The consultant must have:

 Extensive experience in implementation of safeguard World Bank Policies in at least four projects (Written evidence must be produced);  Experience and knowledge of the KCDP Project focal area (Lamu, Kilifi and Tana River counties).

Duration of the assignment

The assignment is expected to take no more than sixty (60) working days. It should start immediately upon signing of the agreement.

Payment structure and timeframe

Payment terms will be as per the contract agreement and this will be based on completion of agreed milestones:

Payments shall be made according to the following schedule:

(i) 30% - Upon submission of the Inception report; (ii) 30% - Upon submission of a draft report; (iii) 40% - Upon delivery of the final report.

Data, local services, personnel and facilities to be provided by the Client

The KCDP will provide reports of the IPPF, Process Framework and land capability plans for use by the Consultant. A team of social scientists from the implementing agencies will accompany the Consultant to ensure adequate understanding of the arising social issues and recommended actions. All field logistics will be provided by KCDP to include, field assistance by KCDP staff, vehicles, and contact with County Governments.

Reporting requirements

The consultant will report to the KCDP Coordinator and work in close collaboration with the Project’s social scientists from the implementing agencies.

Disclosure

The reports will be published and made available to all Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups in the operational areas as a hard copy and through the project’s website and World Bank.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 109

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Annex 4: References

1. The Social Assessment Report by NAREM 2. The Draft VMGPs by NAREM 3. The April 2010 Draft Process Framework 4. Operations Manual: Natural Resource Management Project, Upper Tana Catchment, Livelihood Component (May 2010); 5. The Fisheries, Mangrove Forests and Wildlife Management Pans 6. The Constitution of Kenya, 2010; 7. OP 4.10 together with its Annexes A and B and C and OP 4.12.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 110

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Annex 5: Photo Gallery: Some Scenes from the VMGP Development Process

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 111

KCDP: Facilitating Participatory Social, Livelihoods and Economic Enhancement for VMGS in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Annex 5: List of Participants to the VMGP planning sessions

The list of participants from the different VMGP planning sessions is already with KCDP.

VMGP Prepared by KCDP Team and VMGs with Facilitation and Report by Margaret Ombai of Tacitus Ltd Page 112