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Acridoidea and Pyrgomorphoidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) of Rajaji National Park

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Acridoidea and Pyrgomorphoidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) of Rajaji National Park Rec. zool. Surv. India: Vol. 118(4)/ 350-369, 2018 ISSN (Online) : (Applied for) DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v118/i4/2018/132291 ISSN (Print) : 0375-1511 Acridoidea and Pyrgomorphoidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) of Rajaji National Park Narender Sharma* Zoological Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, 218 Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun – 248195, Uttarakhand, India; [email protected] Abstract 37 species and subspecies belonging to 28 genera and 2 families of grasshoppers have been reported from Rajaji National Park of Uttarakhand. Key to superfamilies, subfamilies, genera and species have also been provided. Two species i.e., Chrotogonus armatus Steinmann and Acrotylus insubricus inficitus (Walker) have been reported from the state Uttarakhand Keywords: Acridoidea, Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphoidea, Rajaji National Park for the first time. Introduction nearly 75% of the trees. The other main species of the plants in the park are Bakll (Anogeissue latifolia), Sain The Rajaji National Park has been created on August (Terminalia tomentosa), Haldu (Adina cordifolia), Bahera 12, 1983 by amalgamation of three sanctuaries- Rajaji (Terminalia ballerica), Jhingan (Lannea coromandelica), sanctuary, Motichur sanctuary and Chilla sanctuary. Kharpat (Garuga pinnata), Phauri (Lagerstromia The Park has been named after the name of renowned parviflora), Bula (Kydia calycina), Badal (Stereospermum statesman and freedom fighter Sri C. Rajgopalachariya chelonoides), Sofedsirus (Albizzia procera), Tun (Cadrela – The first and last Governor General of independent tonna), Gutel (Trewia nudiflora), Gular (Ficus glomerata) India popularly known as “Rajaji”. The Rajaji National etc. Park is situated in the Siwalik Hills of the submountain The park is home to the Tiger, Leopard, Himalayan Himalayan region representing Shivalik Eco-system. Bear, Cheetal, Hog Deer, Barking Deer, Sambar, Wild The Shivalik trail is 10 million year old and very rich in Boar, antelopes such as the Nilgai, Goral, Jackal, Hyena, fossils. The park is spread over an area of 831.50 sq. km. Jungle Cat, Leopard Cat, Civets, Himalayan Yellow- in three Districts- Dehradun, Haridwar & Pauri Garhwal Throated Marten, Sloth Bears, Pythons, King Cobra, of Uttarakhand State, India. The district wise area in the Common Krait, Indian Cobra and the Monitor Lizard park is: Dehradun, 248.15 sq. kms; Haridwar, 333.56 sq. and above All the Asian Elephant. 168 species of birds kms; and that of Pauri Garhwal, 249.80 sq. kms. The Rajaji occur in the park. Birds like ducks, teals, cormorants, National Park lies between latitude 29o51’N-30o15’N egrets, lapwing, pond herons, pea fowl, jungle fowl, and longitude 77o52’E-78o22’E. In general, The Rawson various species of partridges and pheasants, common and River and Delhi-Mohund-Dehradun National Highway king crows, owlets and nightjars, birds of prey are quite form outer eastern and western boundaries, respectively. common. Twenty-eight species of snakes,1 2 species of Rishikesh-Haridwar-Delhi National Highway passes turtles and tortoises and 9 species of reptiles occur in the through the park between Satyanarain (Song River) and national Park. Haridwar. Grasshoppers are widely distributed in all ecological The forest in the park is deciduous, with sal (Shorea regions. They constitute an interesting and agriculturally robusta), as the principal constituent contributing to important group of insects. The order Orthoptera is * Author for correspondence Article Received on: 21.10.2016 Accepted on: 19.12.2017 Narender Sharma one of the largest orders of insects, having over 20,000 Two species i.e., Chrotogonus armatus Steinmann and species worldwide with about 10% of the total world Acrotylus insubricus inficitus (Walker) are recorderd for species (1,750 species) recorded from India. Acridoidea the first time from the state Uttarakhand. Classification is one of the most sought after superfamilies of the order followed here is according to Uvarov (1966) and Shishodia Orthoptera. Short-horned grasshoppers are included in et al. (2010). the superfamily Acridoidea. They constitute an interesting and agriculturally important group of insects. They are Abbreviations Used: Coll.– Name of the Collector. moderate in size, but range from less than 10 mm to 65 mm. The form of body shape, head and thorax are List of Taxa diverse; antennae are filiform but sometimes ensiform; Order ORTHOPTERA tarsi three segmented; hind femora long, slender and Superfamily PYRGOMORPHOIDEA thick towards base and adapted for leaping; wings are Family PYRGOMORPHIDAE either fully developed or reduced or absent; forewings in 1. Chrotogous (Chr.) trachypterus trachypterus (Blanchard) the form of leathery tegmina; hind wings fan like; male 2. Chrotogonus armatus Steinmann external genitalia complex, symmetrical and concealed, 3. Atractomorpha crenulata (Fabricius) when not in use, by the enlarged ninth abdominal 4. Atractomorpha burri Bolivar sternum (Subgenital plate). Male of most of these insects 5. Aularches miliaris miliaris (Linnaeus) produce sound by different methods; female, generally, do not produce sound. They are also well adapted for flight Superfamily ACRIDOIDEA since both direct and indirect muscles work together Family ACRIDIDAE during flight movements thus explaining the reason that Subfamily GOMPHOCERINAE these insect can cover long distances during swarming 6. Mesopsis cylindricus (Kirby) conditions that mainly result from overcrowding and 7. Aulacobothrus luteipes luteipes (Walker) scarcity of food. Some workers have contributed to the Acridoidea Subfamily ACRIDINAE fauna of Uttarakhand but no body has worked out the 8. Acrida gigantea (Herbst) Acridoidea of Rajaji National Park. Tandon and Shishodia 9. Acrida exaltata (Walker) (1995) listed 97 species distributed over 11 families of 10. Phlaeoba infumata Brunner von Wattenwyl Acridoidea, Grylloidea, Tettigonoidea and Tridactyloidea 11. Phlaeoba panteli Bolivar of Orthoptera from Western Himalaya (Uttarakhand). 12. Orthochtha indica Uvarov Tandon and Shishodia (1976) have given an account of 13. Ceracris nigricornis nigricornis (Walker) 16 species under 15 genera and 2 families of Acridoidea 14. Ceracris striata Uvarov from Grahwal region of Uttarakhand. Tandon et al. (1976) dealt with 12 species under 12 genera and 2 families of Subamily OEDIPODINAE Acridoidea from Tons Valley. Singh and Bhargava (1979) 15. Gastrimargus africanus africanus (Saussure) have given an inventory of 34 species of Orthoptera 16. Oedaleus abruptus (Thunberg) which includes 28 species of Acridoidea from Corbett 17. Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss) Tiger Reserve. Mandal et al. (2010) have given an account 18. Pternoscirta cinctifemur (Walker) of 64 species distributed under 48 genera and 2 families 19. Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus (Fabricius) of Acridoidea in Fauna of Uttarakhand. Sharma (2014) 20. Trilophidia annulata (Thunberg) has given an account of 24 species belonging to 18 genera 21. Acrotylus humbertianus Saussure under 2 families from the Jhilmil Conservation Reserve, 22. Acrotylus insubricus inficitus (Walker) Uttarakhand. Sharma (2017) recorded 50 species under 23. Sphingonotus longipennis Saussure 38 genera of short horned grasshoppers from Dehradun district of Uttarakhand. Subfamily HEMIACRIDINAE The present paper deals with 37 species belonging to 24. Hieroglyphus banian (Fabricus) 2 families and 28 genera of the superfamily Acridoidea. 25. Parahieroglyphus bilineatus (Bolivar) Vol 118(4) | 2018 | www.recordsofzsi.com Zoological Survey of India 351 Acridoidea and Pyrgomorphoidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) of Rajaji National Park Subfamily SPATHOSTERNINAE 2. Antennae remote from the eyes, placed in front of the 26. Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum (Walker) ocelli ......................................... Atractomorpha Saussure Subfamily OXYINAE – Antennae near the eyes and inserted below the ocelli 27.Oxya hyla hyla (Serville) ..................................................................... Aularches Stål 28. Oxya nitidula (Walker) Genus 1. Chrotogonus Serville, 1839 Subfamily COPTACRIDINAE Key to species 29. Eucoptacra praemorsa (Stål) 1. Body uniformly yellowish brown without white Subfamily CALLIPTAMINAE marking .......................................trachypterus Blanchard 30. Acorypha glaucopsis Walker – Body yellowish brown with metazoan of pronotum Subfamily EYPREPOCNEMIDINAE and outer mid of hind femur and upper surface white 31. Eyprepocnemis rosea Uvarov ........................................................... armatus Steinmann 32. Tylotropidius varicornis (Walker) 1. Chrotogous (Chr.) trachypterus trachypterus (Blanchard) Subfamily CATANTOPINAE 1836. Ommexecha trachypterum Blanchard, Annls. Soc. ent. 33. Choroedocus robustus (Serville) France, 5: 618. 34. Choroedocus illustris (Walker) 2008. Chrotogonus trachypterus trachypterus: Shishodia, 35. Diabolocatantops innotabilis (Walker) Faunal diversity of Jabalpur district, M.P., (Zool. Surv. 36. Xenocatantops humilis humilis (Serville) India): 101. 37. Stenocatantops splendens (Thunberg) Material examined: Ramgarh Range, Phandowala, 1 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT female, 28.i.2016, Regd. No. A- 13181 (Coll. N. Sharma & party) Order ORTHOPTERA Diagnosis: Body small to medium-sized, wings hyaline Key to superfamilies or occasionally faintly tinged with yellowish-brown but never infumated or infuscated, apparently always fairly 1. Foveolae of vertex contiguous, superior and forming well developed and always at least two-third as long as the extremity of the fastigium; stridulatory mechanism
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