Fiscal Year 2021 Is Budgeted to Be $21,877,321, Bringing Unassigned Fund Balance to 53% of Expenditures

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fiscal Year 2021 Is Budgeted to Be $21,877,321, Bringing Unassigned Fund Balance to 53% of Expenditures Fiscal Year 2021 PROPOSED BUDGET PROPOSED 300 W Plant St., Winter Garden FL 34787 __________________________ CITY OF WINTER GARDEN Fiscal Year 2020/2021 Proposed Budget JOHN REES Mayor LISA BENNETT Commissioner, District 1 BOB BUCHANAN Commissioner, District 2 Mayor Pro Tem MARK A. MACIEL Commissioner, District 3 COLIN SHARMAN Commissioner, District 4 MICHAEL BOLLHOEFER City Manager 2 Table of Conten of Table TABLE OF CONTENTS ts City of Winter Garden Annual Budget FY 2020/2021 3 City of Winter Garden FY2021 Proposed Budget TABLE OF CONTENTS Page BUDGET MESSAGE 7 CITY OVERVIEW 13 City Organization Chart 14 City Profile 15 City History 17 Local Economy 19 Government Structure 21 City Strategic Plan 22 FY2021 Departmental Goals Overview 25 Long Range Financial Planning 30 BUDGET STRUCTURE 33 Budget Guides 34 Budget Adoption and Modification 38 Budget Preparation 39 FY 2021 Budget Calendar 41 Method of Budgeting 42 FY 2021 Budget Assumptions 48 BUDGET SUMMARY 52 Budget Highlights 53 Fund Balance Summary 59 Summary of Revenues, Expenditures and Fund Balance 60 GENERAL FUND REVENUES Revenues Summary 63 Analysis of Major Revenue Sources and Trends 64 Revenue Detail 69 EXPENDITURES GENERAL GOVERNMENT 79 Legislative 80 Legal 81 Executive 82 Economic Development 86 City Clerk 89 Finance Department 92 Information Technology 98 4 City of Winter Garden FY2021 Proposed Budget TABLE OF CONTENTS Administrative Services 101 PUBLIC SAFETY 111 Police – sworn 112 Police – non sworn 117 Police – communications 118 Fire/Rescue Department 119 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 123 Planning 128 Building Inspection 129 Business Tax 130 Code Enforcement 131 PUBLIC SERVICES 132 Administration 133 Cemetery 137 Streets 138 Engineering 139 PARKS & LAND AND RECREATION 142 Parks 146 Recreation 147 Heritage Depot Museum 148 Special Events 149 Newton Park Facilities 150 SPECIAL REVENUE FUNDS 151 Downtown Parking District 153 Community Redevelopment Agency 155 Law Enforcement Trust 157 Law Enforcement Grants 159 Local Option Gas Tax 161 General Impact Fees 163 Police and Fire Premium Tax Trust 167 CAPITAL PROJECTS FUND 169 DEBT SERVICE FUND 172 ENTERPRISE FUNDS 175 UTILITIES 177 5 City of Winter Garden FY2021 Proposed Budget TABLE OF CONTENTS Administration 181 Water 182 Distribution 186 Wastewater 190 Collection 194 Environmental Services 198 Utilities Impact Fee 200 Utilities Renewal & Replacement 202 STORMWATER 204 SOLID WASTE 209 TRAILER CITY 216 FIDUCIARY FUNDS 219 General Employee Pension Fund 220 Firefighters’ and Police Officers’ Pension Fund 222 CAPITAL, CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLAN AND DEBT OUTSTANDING 224 FY2021 Capital Expenditures 225 Capital Improvement Plan 228 Five-Year CIP Summary 228 2021-2025 CIP Schedule by Source 229 Capital Improvement Projects by Fund for FY2021 230 Five-Year Capital Improvement Plan 234 Debt Outstanding 238 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION 241 Personnel Authorizations 242 Full Time Equivalent Employees Per Thousand 243 General Fund Unreserved Fund Balance History 245 Ad Valorem Revenue Historical Comparison 246 Taxable Value and Operating Millage History 246 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 247 6 BUDGET MESSAGE Budget Message Budget City of Winter Garden Annual Budget FY 2020/2021 7 City of Winter Garden FY2021 Proposed Budget BUDGET MESSAGE September 3, 2020 To the Honorable Mayor, Members of the City Commission, and the Citizens of the City of Winter Garden, Florida: In accordance with Article III of the City Charter, I am pleased to present for your consideration the recommended balanced budget for fiscal year 2020/2021. This document presents the recommended expenditures for operations and for capital improvements for the upcoming fiscal year. This year’s budget development was particularly challenging in dealing with the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and its impacts on some of our major sources of revenues such as sales tax and State revenue sharing. In this unprecedented time, we are taking the conservative approach for the budget due to the uncertainty of the economic ripple effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and how that will affect the rate and trend of our future revenues and expenditures. I tasked all of our departments to work diligently on their operational budgets to reduce variable operating costs by 10% (not counting salaries and benefits) and still meet the quality municipal service delivery standards that our constituents have come to expect. The City of Winter Garden has developed a fiscally responsible budget for FY 2020/21 and I am confident that it will help us remain on sound financial ground. While most of the attention is given to the appropriations side of the budget, critical policy decisions are influenced by levels of available resources which are the product of annual revenue estimates or projections. The General Fund revenues budget for FY 2020/21 totals $41,019,254. This is a decrease of $(2,366,986) or -5.5% when compared to the budget for the prior fiscal year budget. The decrease is largely due to the projected decrease of $(2.9M) in the intergovernmental revenues. The General Fund intergovernmental revenues are a major source of revenue for the General Fund, they are primarily sales tax and State revenue sharing revenues which are impacted by the economic impacts of the coronavirus due to lack of spending. The economy is starting to rebound, however, it will take time to get back to pre-COVID revenues. Property tax revenue projections, however, are strong due to increased real estate valuations and new construction. Property ad valorem tax revenues are the most significant revenue source in the General Fund which are budgeted to be $17,730,401 based on the current millage rate of 4.500. The budget reflects no change to the millage rate. Although the current rate is maintained, ad valorem property tax revenue will increase by approximately $1.56M as a result of the 9.7% increase in Winter Garden’s property values. 8 City of Winter Garden FY2021 Proposed Budget BUDGET MESSAGE The projected unassigned fund balance in the General Fund at the end of fiscal year 2021 is budgeted to be $21,877,321, bringing unassigned fund balance to 53% of expenditures. This balance will serve the City well if projected revenues are not met or if there are any unexpected expenditures that the City will have to pay for such as natural disaster recovery. We continue to maintain a conservative budget by controlling costs without compromising the services that add value and serve the City well. The following are brief highlights and changes that are included in the proposed budget. Citywide Staffing/Salaries and Benefits Like most service organizations, the single largest component of the City’s budget is personnel costs. The total personnel costs for the General Fund are projected to be approximately $26.55 million. Recognizing that our employees are our greatest asset, it is important that we continue to be able to recruit and retain quality, talented staff. This budget recommends a cost-of-living increase of 2.0%. Healthcare costs continue to rise nationwide and fiscal year 2021 is expected to continue to increase. This budget proposes to increase the city paid portion of the health insurance premiums by 10%. The City will continue to pay 50% of the cost for dependent coverage and 100% of employee only coverage through December 2020. City employees pay between 0-15% of the cost for health insurance. The City provides basic life and long-term disability coverage at no cost to the employee. On a percentage of pay basis, the City’s pension contribution rates will increase slightly from 13.23% to 13.95% for the General Employee pension plan. The City’s pension contribution for the Fire and Police pension plan will decrease slightly from 13.32% to 14.06% in the FY2021 budget. Every department routinely evaluates staffing to analyze the need to eliminate, modify or add positions as necessary to ensure responsive, efficient and effective service delivery to our residents. We have proposed to add one new position in Public Safety, this budget includes adding a Police Social Worker. This new position will receive referrals from officers and will provide services to include advocacy, assessments, crisis intervention and youth services. The total full time equivalent (FTE) employees will increase by 1 FTE from 360.5 positions to 361.5 positions. 9 City of Winter Garden FY2021 Proposed Budget BUDGET MESSAGE General Government The General Government includes the Legislative, City Clerk, Executive, Economic Development, Information Technology, Fiscal Management and Administrative Services departments. The General Government departments as a whole are projected to increase by 1.9% with FY2021 budgeted at $9.20 million which is an increase of $170k over the FY2020 budget of $9.03 million. This increase includes adding $100K in COVID-19 funding for food assistance to low income residents, personal protective equipment for city staff and increased janitorial expenditures to include more frequent cleaning, sanitizing and disinfection services. Public Safety Public safety is often one of the most important funding categories for citizens. The City continues to provide the best Public Safety services to its citizens and residents. Protecting our residents and visitors are government functions that our citizens depend upon every day. The Public Safety services comprise of over 50% of the General Fund Budget. The fiscal year 2020-2021 Public Safety budget totals $21.06 million which is approximately $602k increase or 2.9% from FY 2020 budget. The Police Department FY2021 budget totals $12.55 million, a 3.5% increase over the prior year of $12.12 million. The Police budget includes adding one new position for a Police Social Worker. The FY2021 capital budget includes replacing 5 marked police vehicles, replacing an unmarked CID vehicle, police building improvements and replacing ten tasers and ten laptops for patrol cars. The Fire Rescue Department budget for fiscal year 2021 is $8.5 million, a 2.1% increase over the prior year of $8.3 million.
Recommended publications
  • Winter Gardening DECEMBER • Remove Annuals No Longer Producing
    Clallam County Gardening Calendar Winter Gardening DECEMBER • Remove annuals no longer producing. Clean up empty beds. • Drain and coil hoses; empty and stack cages; and clean garden containers. • Rake fallen apple and pear leaves to protect against scab. Do not compost infected leaves.​ • Test garden soil. For instructions contact Clallam Conservation District (www.clallamcd.org). Based on results, apply lime or sulfur to adjust pH. Do not add other amendments at this time.​ • After the first hard frost, add mulch around winter vegetables, strawberry plants, and root crops being stored in the ground. • Clean, repair, and sharpen garden tools.​ JANUARY • Prune fruit trees and established blueberries while dormant. Do not prune during freezing weather.​ • If aphids and mites have been a past problem, apply horticultural oil to fruit trees and blueberry bushes. Do not apply when plants are wet, temps are below 40°, or rain is likely in the next 24 hrs. • Plan vegetable garden rotation; order seeds. • Consider building raised beds for easier gardening.​ FEBRUARY • Prune fruit trees and established blueberries while dormant. Do not prune in freezing weather.​ • Thin second -year raspberry canes to 3 to 5 canes per square foot. Remove dead or damaged canes.​ • Start cool-weather vegetables from seed indoors.​ • Sow salad greens under cover for harvest in March.​ • Mow or chop cover crops before they set seed. Allow leaves and stems to dry and dig in, if soil is dry enough to be worked.​ Vegetables typically harvested in the winter on the North Olympic Peninsula: Overwintered Crops​ • Arugula​ • Kale​ • Beets​ • Leeks​ • Brussels sprouts​ • Green onions​ • Carrots​ • Parsley​ • Chard​ • Parsnips​ • Evergreen herbs​ • Spinach​ For interesting wintertime reading, see WSU’s resources for sustainable home gardening at http://gardening.wsu.edu/ Plant Clinics Closed for the Season Submit gardening and plant questions to: Plant Clinic Helpline: (360) 417-2514​ Email: [email protected] 2/14/2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Winter Vegetable Garden the Second Act Mike Kluk, Nevada County Master Gardener
    Your Winter Vegetable Garden The Second Act Mike Kluk, Nevada County Master Gardener For many of us, when the curtain protection. A well-hydrated plant candidates. Instead of winter cover of frost falls on our summer will handle the cold better than crops or straw on all of your beds, vegetables, we put away our one that is drought stressed. So, some will be growing salad and a tools and wait for spring to begin be prepared to water if there is an vegetable side dish. If you live in again. But it is possible to have a extended dry spell in the winter. snow country, you will probably second act with a whole new cast Choosing beds that are protected need to use a season-extender of characters. Growing a winter from the prevailing winter wind will structure. You will also need to clear garden is a great way to continue also help. the snow away to allow enough to enjoy fresh, healthy vegetables I have managed to have a light to reach the plants. The throughout the year. With a bit of respectable winter garden for exception would be root crops such planning and a few winter-specific several years. Our nighttime as beets and carrots. If you plant a approaches, you can successfully temperatures on clear nights sufficient number in the spring, you grow vegetables that are as varied are generally in the low 20s can enjoy them all winter. Unless and tasty as anything summer has with excursions into the teens your soil freezes, mature beets and to offer.
    [Show full text]
  • Seattle Tilth Summer Classes and Camps
    summer 2016 classes & camps get all the dirt! seattletilth.org learn Map Page 2 About Seattle Tilth page 3 Veggie Gardening page 4 Urban Livestock page 5 Kitchen page 6 Permaculture & Sustainable Landscapes page 7 Summer Garden & Farm Camps page 8 Garden Educator Workshops page 9 Kids & Youth page 10 Registration Form page 11 Classes by Date page 12 21 ACRES FARM Seattle Tilth’s McAULIFFE PARK Upcoming JOIN US! SEATTLE TILTH SEATTLE OFFICE, GOOD YOUTH Events SHEPHERD CENTER GARDEN GARDEN WORKS Chicken Coop & Urban Farm Tour, Saturday, July 16 Throughout Seattle Harvest Fair, Saturday, August 6 Seattle Meridian Park seattletilth.org BRADNER GARDENS PARK Visit us RAINIER BEACH LEARNING at our GARDEN RAINIER BEACH URBAN FARM gardens & AND WETLANDS farms! community learning garden educational farm volunteer opportunity classes for adults Auburn SEATTLE TILTH children’s garden programs FARM WORKS summer youth camp Learning Gardens & Class Locations Bradner Gardens Park (BGP) Rainier Beach Learning Garden (RBLG) Seattle Tilth Farm Works 1730 Bradner Place S, Seattle 4800 S Henderson, Seattle 17601 SE Lake Moneysmith Rd, Auburn Good Shepherd Center (GSC) Rainier Beach Urban Farm & Seattle Youth Garden Works 4649 Sunnyside Ave N, Seattle Wetlands (RBUFW) At the Center for Urban Horticulture 5513 S Cloverdale St, Seattle 3501 NE 41st St, Seattle McAuliffe Park (MP) 10824 NE 116th St, Kirkland 2 About Seattle Tilth Seattle Tilth, Tilth Producers and Cascade Harvest Coalition have merged! Our mission is to build an ecologically sound, economically viable and socially equitable food system. Our education programs focus on the entire food system: earth, farm garden, market and kitchen.
    [Show full text]
  • VEGETABLES in the WINTER GARDEN Jacqueline Champa, Placer County Master Gardener
    VEGETABLES IN THE WINTER GARDEN Jacqueline Champa, Placer County Master Gardener From The Curious Gardener, Summer 2008 Have you thought of having a winter vegetable garden? We are fortunate to live in Northern California where we are able to grow a number of great vegetables during the shortened, wet, cold days of winter. A good pick for the winter garden might be a cold hardy green vegetable such as brussel sprouts, broccoli, or asparagus. Root crops such as carrots, beets, leek, or carrots grow successfully too. Cool season greens are perfect for winter gardening. Kale, spinach, Swiss Chard, leaf lettuce, and exotics like mache, mizuna, and tatsoi are fun to grow. In fact, there are varieties of these greens specially suited to frosty temperatures. The first step to putting together a winter garden is to know what to grow in your geographic area. Placer and Nevada Counties are unique, covering a wide range of climatic conditions and elevations including rain and snow, wind, mild to freezing temperature and varying soil types from rocky to loamy bottomland. There is a wide range of vegetables that can be grown locally and it can be a daunting task just to pick out what you want to grow! To help out, Old Farmer’s Almanac offers an on-line Garden Guide that can be customized for your geographic location (by zip code or city). Simply go to the website (www.almanac.com/gardening) and look for the Outdoor Planting Table for 2009. After you change the geographic location to where you live (zip code or town, state)— Voila! a planting table of the crops that will flourish in your growing area is created.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennials for Winter Gardens Perennials for Winter Gardens
    TheThe AmericanAmerican GARDENERGARDENER® TheThe MagazineMagazine ofof thethe AAmericanmerican HorticulturalHorticultural SocietySociety November / December 2010 Perennials for Winter Gardens Edible Landscaping for Small Spaces A New Perspective on Garden Cleanup Outstanding Conifers contents Volume 89, Number 6 . November / December 2010 FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 5 NOTES FROM RIVER FARM 6 MEMBERS’ FORUM 8 NEWS FROM THE AHS Boston’s garden contest grows to record size, 2011 AHS President’s Council trip planned for Houston, Gala highlights, rave reviews for Armitage webinar in October, author of article for The American Gardener receives garden-writing award, new butterfly-themed children’s garden installed at River Farm. 12 2010 AMERICA IN BLOOM AWARD WINNERS Twelve cities are recognized for their community beautification efforts. 42 ONE ON ONE WITH… David Karp: Fruit detective. page 26 44 HOMEGROWN HARVEST The pleasures of popcorn. EDIBLE LANDSCAPING FOR SMALL SPACES 46 GARDENER’S NOTEBOOK 14 Replacing pavement with plants in San BY ROSALIND CREASY Francisco, soil bacterium may boost cognitive With some know-how, you can grow all sorts of vegetables, fruits, function, study finds fewer plant species on and herbs in small spaces. earth now than before, a fungus-and-virus combination may cause honeybee colony collapse disorder, USDA funds school garden CAREFREE MOSS BY CAROLE OTTESEN 20 program, Park Seed sold, Rudbeckia Denver Looking for an attractive substitute for grass in a shady spot? Try Daisy™ wins grand prize in American moss; it’ll grow on you. Garden Award Contest. 50 GREEN GARAGE® OUTSTANDING CONIFERS BY RITA PELCZAR 26 A miscellany of useful garden helpers. This group of trees and shrubs is beautiful year round, but shines brightest in winter.
    [Show full text]
  • Project: West Orange Trail Parcel : 109 (Downtown Corridor) A
    aPPROVED BY THE BOARD OF LOli.?, l'Y, COMMISSIONERS AT ITS MEETING Project: West Orange Trail Parcel : 109 (Downtown Corridor) RESOLUTION NO. 95-E-112 A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE CONVEYANCE OF COUNTY PROPERTY TO THE CITY OF WINTER GARDEN, FLORIDA, A MUNICIPAL CORPORATION PER FLORIDA STATUTE 125.38. WHEREAS, Orange County, a political subdivision of the State of Florida, pursuant to its home rule power and Florida Statute 125.38 has authority to determine that certain County property is not needed for County purposes and convey or lease said property to the United States or any department or agency thereof, the State or any political subdivision or agencythereof, or any municipality of Florida or any corporation or non-profit entity organized for the purposes of promoting community interest and welfare; WHEREAS, application has been made by The City of Winter Garden, Florida, a municipal corporation (hereinafter referred to as the "applicantn); WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners determines that the applicant is qualified to take application pursuant to the requirements of Florida Statutes 125.38; WHEREAS, the Board finds that the property described in Exhibit ttAw,attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference, (hereinafter referred to as the I1propertytt)is not needed for County purposes; WHEREAS, the Board, pursuant to its home rule power and those powers expressly granted in Florida Statute 125.38, finds that it is in the best interest of the residents of Orange County to allow the property to be used for the following purposes: an operations corridor and a city corridor. NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA that the property shall be conveyed pursuant to County Deed to applicant for the following consideration: $200,000.00.
    [Show full text]
  • Lush & Efficient
    R EVISED E DITION LLushush && EEfficientfficient LandscapeLandscape GardeningGardening inin thethe CoachellaCoachella ValleyValley Coachella Valley Water District LLushush && EEfficientfficient LandscapeLandscape GardeningGardening inin thethe CoachellaCoachella ValleyValley RR EVISEDEVISED EE DITIONDITION CoachellaCoachella ValleyValley WaterWater DistrictDistrict IRONWOOD PRESS Tucson, Arizona Coachella Valley Cover photo by Acknowledgements A special thank you goes to Water District Scott Millard Directors and staff of the Ann Copeland, now retired Coachella Valley Water District, Primary photography by Coachella Valley Water District from CVWD. An educational specialist who taught water CVWD, is a local govern- Scott Millard: © pages 5, 7, 8, 9, extend their gratitude to Scott ment agency controlled by Millard of Ironwood Press science to the children of five directors elected by the 10 (right), 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, Coachella Valley, she took on 20, 21, 22 (left), 23, 24, 25, 26, in Tucson, Ariz., for bringing registered voters within its this revised book to fruition. the additional responsibility 1,000 square mile service area. 27, 28, 35, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of working closely with Eric That area in the southeastern (top & lower right), 46 (top left, Scott and primary author Eric A. Johnson were partners at Johnson, reading his text and California desert extends from bottom center & bottom right), identifying photos to illustrate west of Palm Springs to the 47 (bottom left inset, bottom Ironwood Press and published communities along the Salton several excellent desert land- it. She also worked closely right & upper right), 48 (left & with contributing author Dave Sea. It is located primarily in upper left), 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, scaping books together before Riverside County but extends Harbison in developing and 55 (left & center inset & right), Eric’s death.
    [Show full text]
  • The Yolo Gardener a Quarterly Publication by the U.C
    THE YOLO GARDENER A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION BY THE U.C. YOLO COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Winter 2008 What is Eating my Privet? Patt Tauzer Pavao, Yolo County Master Gardener rivets are one of those plants that no one seems to be able to kill, and until this summer, that included even me. In fact, tiny privet offspring continually pop up all over my yard, and I continually yank them out. The few that have escaped my watchful eye grow prolifically,P and others that have come up along the back fence have grown into a hardy hedge that does a good job of blocking the neighbors from view. Imagine my surprise when I walked out into the yard last June and discovered that all of the new growth on one privet, the one near the playhouse, had been stripped from the branches. And, on top of that, the edges of at least 50% of the older leaves were jagged and gouged, showing definite signs that they had been nibbled on by something. But what? And what was I to do about it? With my magnifier in hand, I began to inspect the leaves for Photo by Kate Pavao some clue. I was looking for some small insect, or maybe even a Late Night Sleuthing caterpillar of some kind. But I found only a single garden spider, one dragonfly, and two tiny grasshopper-like insects that I thought might be leaf-hoppers, or even the dreaded glassy winged sharpshooter. I captured both of them and took them, and a few of the damaged leaves, to the Master Gardener office for a more accurate identification.
    [Show full text]
  • Winterveggies.Pdf
    SITE PREPARATION INTRODUCTION TIMING AND LOCATION Gardeners in the Pacific Northwest are The biggest challenge to winter lucky enough to be able to grow vegetables In the northwest, abundant rain can gardeners is timing. Many seeds must drown winter crops. Make sure your all winter long. Early planning and planting be planted when our summer gardens are essential. planting area is well-amended and drains are at their fullest, and our minds are thoroughly – no crops succeed in This brochure will go over some basic furthest from winter. guidelines, but the most important is to waterlogged soil. Consider “mulching” around your crops with a cover crop that remember that gardening should be fun. The average first and last frost dates in With a little bit of planning ahead you can will help absorb the abundant moisture, but Portland are October 15 and April 15. wait until October to plant it, or else it may have a great winter garden and be eating Between these dates plants grow slowly. home-grown veggies all year long! outgrow your crops. Vegetables you grow in this period will need to be established enough to survive the cold Carefully consider where to plant your Keep in mind that each winter is and shorter day length. winter garden based on sun, protection different, so is each winter’s harvest. from wind, and convenient access. You are There are three main ways to extend unlikely to make a long, dark, muddy hike Saving space in your garden when you are your season of harvesting: out to your plants, and your summer planting in spring is one way to ensure space is 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Crop Modeling Application to Improve Irrigation Efficiency in Year-Round
    agronomy Article Crop Modeling Application to Improve Irrigation Efficiency in Year-Round Vegetable Production in the Texas Winter Garden Region Sumin Kim 1, Manyowa N. Meki 2, Sojung Kim 3,* and James R. Kiniry 4 1 Department of Environmental Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea; [email protected] 2 Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Blackland Research and Extension Center, Temple, TX 76502, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea 4 USDA-ARS, Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX 76502, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-2260-3375 Received: 1 September 2020; Accepted: 2 October 2020; Published: 7 October 2020 Abstract: Given a rising demand for quality assurance, rather than solely yield, supplemental irrigation plays an important role to ensure the viability and profitability of vegetable crops from unpredictable changes in weather. However, under drought conditions, agricultural irrigation is often given low priority for water allocation. This reduced water availability for agriculture calls for techniques with greater irrigation efficiency, that do not compromise crop quality and yield, and that provide economic benefit for producers. This study developed vegetable growing models for eight different vegetable crops (bush bean, green bean, cabbage, peppermint, spearmint, yellow straight neck squash, zucchini, and bell pepper) based on data from several years of field research. The ALMANAC model accurately simulated yields and water use efficiency (WUE) of all eight vegetables. The developed vegetable models were used to evaluate the effects of various irrigation regimes on vegetable growth and production in several locations in the Winter Garden Region of Texas, under variable weather conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • PDD DP OC Trails Master Plan Template.Indd
    Orange County | Trails Master Plan Parks and Recreation Division | August 2012 AECOM Orange County | Trails Master Plan Update Table of Contents Acknowledgements 01 County-wide Trails System Executive Summary and Map 02 Trail Corridor Concept Plans 1. Pine Hills Trail 2. West Orange Trail 3. Lake Apopka Connector Trail 4. Clarcona-Ocoee Connector Trail 5. Horizon West Trail 6. Shingle Creek Trail 7. Little Econ Greenway Trail 8. Azalea Park Trail 9. Avalon Trail 10a. Innovation Way/UCF Trail South 10b. Innovation Way/UCF Trail North 11. Meadow Woods Trail 12. East Orange Trail 03 Implementation and Management Plan 1. Design and Construction Costs 2. Funding Assessment 3. Operations and Maintenance Program 04 Appendices 1. Corridor Evaluation Matrix 2. Existing/Proposed Trail Mileage Parks and Recreation Division | 2012 1 AECOM Orange County | Trails Master Plan Update Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Orange County Board of County Commissioners, Administration, Staff and Consulting Team for this update to the Orange County Trails Master Plan: County Mayor Teresa Jacobs District 1 Commissioner S. Scott Boyd District 2 Commissioner Frederick C. Brummer District 3 Commissioner John M. Martinez District 4 Commissioner Jennifer Thompson District 5 Commissioner Ted B. Edwards District 6 Commissioner Tiffany Moore Russell County Administrator Ajit Lalchandani Orange County Parks and Recreation Division Matt Suedmeyer, Manager Bill Thomas, Planner III AECOM Design + Planning Bruce Hall, RLA, Project Manager Kathy O’Sullivan, GIS Technician
    [Show full text]
  • STARTING YOUR WINTER GARDEN by Wendy Weidenman Time To
    STARTING YOUR WINTER GARDEN By Wendy Weidenman Time to think about winter. I know it’s hard in 90+ degree weather to think about winter vegetables. However, time is of the essence. In order to give your winter crops a good start, now is the time to get to work. The first step to putting together a winter garden is knowing what you can grow in your geographic area. Tuolumne County covers a wide range of climatic conditions and elevations, including rain and snow, wind, mild to freezing temperatures and varying soil types from rocky to loamy bottomland. There are many vegetables that can be grown locally, and it can be a daunting task just to pick out what you want to grow. Great references for vegetable planting dates are http://cecentralsierra.ucanr.edu/ and do a search on pdf file 149587. Another easy guide to help you decide: Farmer’s Almanac offers an on-line Planting Dates Calculator. Go to www.almanac.com/gardening, and look for Planting Calendar. Once there, enter your zip code or city/town name. In addition to planting dates, this chart provides harvest dates as well. Another great chart, though not specific to our area, is: http://mgsantaclara.ucanr.edu/. Search for pdf 241030. These different websites will help you decide what vegetables to focus on. I recommend staying away from Brussel sprouts. Although they can be grown in our area, they are very time consuming. I tried last year and found I had to jet spray them daily to control the aphids. They are also extremely slow to develop.
    [Show full text]