NEW Excellence in English

CON SE DA R R O Y I

N

U

J

E T 1 D E I A U C H E R ’ S G

CURRENT NERDC Curriculum

FREE DIGITAL NEW Excellence in English

CON SE DA R R O Y I

N

U

J

E

T D 1 I E A U C H E R ’ S G

Contributors/Reviewers: A.O. Oluboyo T. Oduseso Published by Cambridge University Press University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom

Distributed in Nigeria by Cambridge University Press Nigeria Ltd 252E Muri Okunola Street, Victoria Island, Lagos State, Nigeria

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.

It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title:www.cambridge.org/9781108789660

© Cambridge University Press 2020

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2016

New edition published 2020 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN 978-1-108-78966-0 Paperback

Authors: Penny Dichmont, Nicole Levin, Louise Rapley and Tracy Wiles Editor: Allison Lamb Designer: Mellany Fick Typesetter: Baseline Publishing Services Illustrators: Rassie Erasmus, Heidi-Kate Greeff Cover image by: BlackJack3D/GettyImages

Acknowledgements The publisher and authors would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for permission to use their material in either the original or adapted form:

Photographs Getty: Boat Chris Clor/Tetra images p. 74

Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders. Should infringements have occurred, please inform the publishers who will correct these in the event of a reprint.

If you want to know more about this book or any other Cambridge University Press publication, phone us at +234 703 844 5052 or send an e-mail to [email protected] Contents

Term 1 Module 1 Our families ...... 4 Module 2 Family values ...... 7 Module 3 School days ...... 9 Module 4 Stories from our past ...... 11 Module 5 Nigeria, land of lovely skies ...... 14 Module 6 At the market ...... 16 Module 7 More about school ...... 18 Module 8 A story with a moral ...... 20 Module 9 Let there be peace ...... 23 Module 10 Revision ...... 25

Term 2 Module 1 A famous Nigerian singer ...... 27 Module 2 Saying it right ...... 30 Module 3 The library ...... 32 Module 4 Marriage ...... 34 Module 5 Memories ...... 36 Module 6 Child workers ...... 38 Module 7 Infectious diseases ...... 40 Module 8 Getting information from texts ...... 42 Module 9 Festivals ...... 45 Module 10 Revision ...... 47

Term 3 Module 1 Air transport ...... 49 Module 2 Let’s go fishing ...... 51 Module 3 In the kitchen ...... 53 Module 4 Medical conditions ...... 56 Module 5 Good values ...... 58 Module 6 The job of teaching ...... 60 Module 7 Forests ...... 62 Module 8 Drug abuse ...... 65 Module 9 The busiest day of my life ...... 67 Module 10 Revision ...... 70

Practice examination ...... 72 INTRODUCTION

English is the official national language and • Engage with their other school subjects more medium of instruction in Nigeria. It is a meaningfully compulsory subject offered at both the Basic • Communicate with people effectively in Education Certificate Examination (BECE) everyday life and the Senior Secondary School Certificate • Understand important national and Examination (SSSCE). It is therefore an international issues extremely important subject, not only in the • Feel proud to be a citizen of Nigeria. school context, but in the wider context of communicating effectively in Nigeria. Evaluation This Excellence in English Junior Secondary Evaluation plays a central role in the teaching and course has been carefully developed by learning of English. Evaluation has two purposes: international and Nigerian educational experts, • It measures the level of each student’s and offers the following components: acquisition of the performance objectives • A Student’s Book written in accessible specified in the NERDC curriculum. language to enable understanding and • It enables the teacher to monitor each learning. The Student’s Book is also student’s development to identify areas of available in digital format. weakness or strength, and to offer extra • A Teacher’s Guide, providing answers support or enrichment where needed. for the activities in the Student’s Book. The Teacher’s Guide is only available in There are two types of evaluation that need to digital format. happen in the school year: • A Workbook with activities to consolidate • Formative evaluation important skills learnt in the Student’s Book. • Summative evaluation

There is also an audio-visual Phonics Formative evaluation Programme that can be accessed free of This happens continuously during class charge from the Cambridge University instruction. It can take the form of teacher, website (www.cambridge.org). It can be used peer- or self-evaluation. to help students recognise and pronounce • Teacher-evaluation: This can be formal English sounds. or informal. –– Informal evaluation can be done The purpose of the English throughout the year by the teacher’s observation of each student’s progress in Studies curriculum classroom situations, for example while The main objectives of the English Studies students are working in pairs and groups. curriculum are to enable students to: A record book can be kept to record • Develop the basic language skills of comments about each student based on speaking, listening, reading, comprehension, these observations. The comments can writing and grammar structure identify both strengths and weaknesses, • Enjoy a wide range of local and international for example: ‘Needs more practice with texts written in English, including fiction, formation of diphthongs; Reading fluency non-fiction and poetry has improved this term’.

Introduction 1 –– Formal evaluation can be done during the • Self-evaluation term as follows: Teachers can evaluate This is similar to peer-evaluation except that oral activities done in the classroom and the student works individually to reflect on take in and mark essays, comprehensions, his or her work. and grammar structure exercises. The Revision module at the end of each term Summative evaluation can be used as a test. This is used at the end of the school year, in • Peer-evaluation the form of an examination. The examination This can be done in the classroom in is essentially marked by the teacher, or another the form of group or pair work. Once an suitably qualified educator. The result of the activity or exercise is completed, the partner summative evaluation decides whether a student or other members of the group can give can be promoted to the next school level. constructive feedback.

2 Introduction TERM 1

Module 1: Our families Module 6: At the market

Module 2: Family values Module PS:7: More mindmap-text about school

Module 3: School days Module 8: A story with a moral

Module 4: Stories from our past Module 9: Let there be peace

Module 5: Nigeria, land of lovely skies Module 10: Revision

Term 1 3 T MODULE erm 1 Our families 1

Reading and comprehension Activity 9 (SB p. 4) Activity 4 (SB p. 2) B. teach the children how to read Family relationships (Students’ answers Activity 10 (SB p. 5) will vary.) The students’ answers will vary. They could Activity 5 (SB p. 2) include: being hardworking, taking care of children and raising them to be honest, fair a) They tell us who is in Chinosomi’s family and kind people; providing for children and and the attitude in Nigeria towards children. other members of the family; being honest at The last two paragraphs describe the role of home and at work; being fair to employees and elders and comment on the importance of paying them well; paying tax to assist with the values and principles. country’s upkeep; driving responsibly; taking b) Information text. This is seen from the care of the environment and showing respect for fact that there are paragraphs written in property e.g. public buildings such as libraries. full sentences. It is not in columns, with sub-headings, which is the case with Activity 11 (SB p. 5) newspaper articles. Members of the extended family assist with c) The writer has used Standard English. It farming and cooking. This means more crops is not very formal. Paragraphs and full can be produced and it is cheaper to share meals sentences are used. Direct speech is not used. than for individuals (e.g. the elderly) to live Activity 6 (SB p. 3) on their own and cook for themselves. They therefore benefit, while assisting with chores a) He is a doctor. and making the farming more productive. The b) He helps with the garden and keeps it tidy. parents are then able to focus more on their jobs c) His favourite dish is amala and ewedu with and earn a better salary, which can help provide gbegiiri and a protein. for the family’s needs. Elderly members of the extended family Activity 8 (SB p. 3) assist with giving advice and teaching the a) False. She worked as a teacher in the past, younger members about values. By telling but does not do so any more. stories (such as traditional folktales) to children, b) False. Only his maternal grandparents live they help preserve the culture and traditions of with him. the country. c) True d) True

4 Term 1 Activity 12 (SB p. 5) Para. 10: The Nigerian family is seen as a legacy (Students’ answers will vary.) and the values passed down from the If the elderly are not well or are physically frail, elders should be carried on for posterity. the parents may spend a lot of time caring for the Vocabulary elderly and not have enough time to care for the children’s needs adequately or give them attention. Activity 15 (SB p. 5) There may be friction between the three generations because of changing views about Words Synonyms lifestyle and values. a) address talk to Activity 13 (SB p. 5) b) ensures makes certain When people do things together and have the c) lovely beautiful opportunity to talk, for example during a meal, d) chores duties they get to know and understand each other e) basic fundamental better. Communication between the generations therefore improves. Telling stories, which f) leisure free time children enjoy, is another way of creating bonds between the young and the old. Grammar structure Activity 14 (SB p. 5) Activity 16 (SB p. 6) common noun Para. 1: I am the eldest of six children. a) Chidiebere is Chinosomi’s brother. Para. 2: Children (in Nigeria) are highly valued. proper noun proper noun Para. 3: She (my mother) is the home builder, and b) The family live in a house in Ibadan. takes care of us by ensuring we are well common noun common noun proper noun kept in the way we dress, how we talk and address elders. common noun abstract noun Para. 4: She also ensures the house is well c) The elders talk about important values and organised by giving different this helps create closeness. responsibilities to different members abstract noun of the family, like washing of plates, collective noun common noun sweeping and mopping the floors, and cleaning the toilets. d) A large herd of elephants was drinking at Para. 5: My father is a doctor, and he supports the waterhole. our family financially by providing common noun basic needs like shelter, food, clothing abstract noun abstract noun common noun and education. e) Friendship and love bring people Para. 6: We live in the city of Ibadan, in a house much happiness. with my maternal grandparents. abstract noun Para. 7: Some Nigerian families live in extended family systems that consist of the proper noun proper noun grandparents from both the maternal f) The Nile River is the longest river in Africa. side and paternal side, uncles, aunts, common noun cousins, nephews and nieces. g) The audience listened quietly to the music. Para. 8: Most families in Nigeria cook together common noun common noun and eat together. common noun collective noun Para. 9: During leisure periods, especially in the evening, elders often tell stories and h) The tourists were excited to see a large pride give advice to the younger generation. of lions on Saturday. common noun proper noun

Module 1: Our families 5 Activity 17 (SB p. 7) d) The chickens pecked the grain hungrily. a) I am going to deal the pack of cards. (subject) (object) b) Can I have another bunch of grapes, please? e) After the examination, Nkem borrowed a book. c) The gang of thieves used a cave as a (subject) (object) hide‑out. f) The boys climb the mountain every year. d) A troop of baboons has raided the crops again. e) The range of mountains looked beautiful (subject) (object) with snow on it. (subject) g) During the night, strong wind scattered Activity 18 (SB p. 7) the leaves. Countable nouns Uncountable nouns (object) a) pineapple coffee h) A famous architect designed the new town hall. b) bucket, spade sand (subject) (object) c) cows water Writing d) cup sugar, butter Activity 21 (SB p. 9) e) pot rice a) narrative essay: Extract 2 b) descriptive essay: Extract 1 Activity 19 (SB p. 8) a) The woman placed an arrangement of Literature flowers on the bookshelf near the fireplace. b) The schoolteacher gave us homework Activity 22 (SB p. 11) every day and prepared us well for a) It is a term to describe oral traditions and the examination. written works including poetry, drama, c) My classmate was selected to play in the novels, autobiographies and short stories. match this weekend. b) Literature represents a language or a people, d) My brother and sister-in-law spoke to the their culture and traditions; it introduces bridegroom after the wedding. us to new experiences and different places e) I dropped some tomato sauce over the and cultures. We enjoy poems, stories, tablecloth when I picked up the glass of water. and plays; literature allows us to share experiences and learn about others’ ideas. Activity 20 (SB p. 9) c) Students’ answers will vary. If students b) Most families in Nigeria cook meals together. cannot list any examples, point them to the (subject) (object) illustrations of book covers at the end of this module as some examples or remind c) In the evening, the elders often tell stories. them of the play and novel which they are (subject) (object) reading at school. d) Students’ answers will vary.

6 Term 1 T MODULE erm 2 Family values 1

Reading and comprehension Activity 10 (SB p. 15) Activity 4 (SB p. 13) a) Umar believes that it is acceptable that girls leave school before they finish and that Students’ answers will vary. They might comment education is not a priority for girls (because that the father’s facial expression looks annoyed of their responsibilities at home). He thinks because his eyebrows are lowered, while the that Science and Mathematics, especially, mother’s expression looks more open. However, are more suitable for boys. she has her hands on her hips and her body He does not see the purpose of school language looks rather challenging. as being much broader than just a means to find a job and earn a salary, that it is also a Activity 5 (SB p. 13) way of increasing a person’s understanding Possible answers: worried, sad, tense, disappointed of the world, other cultures and history, as well as gaining knowledge about science Activity 6 (SB p. 13) and nature. Reason for these views: Haruna a) A drama (play). The characters’ names is probably seeing the world in the way in are written on the left-hand side of the which he was raised. He is also protecting page, followed by a colon. The words the position of men as dominant members spoken follow, without inverted commas of society. (quotation marks). Amara enjoys school, especially Science b) He says this comment because she will be and Mathematics, for its own sake – leaving school the following year. He also because she loves it, not for the purpose of believes that Science and Mathematics are getting a good job one day. For her it is a subjects that are more suitable for boys very important part of her life. She is a very to study. motivated student and enjoys the challenge c) She went to work in order to pay for her and achievement which is connected to five brothers’ education. doing well in her projects and exams. b) Students’ answers will vary. Activity 7 (SB p. 13) a) Science and Mathematics Activity 11 (SB p. 15) b) Achmat and Abu a) Umar – for him, girls are there to help in the house and their dreams and goals Activity 9 (SB p. 15) are secondary to those of the boys. Their a) True academic achievements are not important. b) False. She does not mention becoming He was probably raised in a family which a doctor. She just says that she loves the held these views. subjects Science and Mathematics. Hamiedah believed that her role when c) True she was growing up was to assist the boys d) False. Amara refers to Hamiedah’s sisters. in her family, by working to pay for their e) False. Hamiedah says, ‘I am not sorry that I education, and that her own education was left school early.’ not important. She emphasises material success and respect which accompanies it. Again, she was probably raised to think

Module 2: Family values 7 that way and had probably inherited these Vocabulary values from her parents. Amara is willing to help with the Activity 13 (SB p. 16) younger siblings, but also wants the a) Ngozi Kalu opportunity to learn, to extend herself and b) Nkem Eze to achieve at school. She does not like the c) She is his mother. fact that the boys seem more important d) Five than the girls in her family. She probably e) Osita Kalu thinks like this because she is an intelligent, f) Isioma Kalu independent thinker and is not afraid to g) Three express her own need for affirmation in the family, and her desire to continue Activity 14 (SB p. 17) her studies. a) aunt b) Amara gets satisfaction from studying. She b) uncle says that she loves those subjects. She is c) cousin excited about her science projects, which is d) niece why she talks about them so much. e) nephew For Hamiedah, she is happy for the males of the family to succeed as a result Grammar structure of her own efforts and sacrifice. She is not interested in achieving academically or in Activity 15 (SB p. 18) a career herself, but enjoys getting respect a) Chinosomi, Osita, Chidiebere, Awele, from others because she is the sister of three Adaugo and Isimoma are siblings. They live successful men. with their parents in Ibadan. It mentions specifically that Umar b) Children are highly valued in Nigeria. wanted a son to assist with his business They are a symbol of wealth and success. and that he was happy when his two sons c) Chinosomi is the eldest child. He helps to were born. look after the younger children. d) Awele Kalu is Chinosomi Kalu’s sister. Activity 12 (SB p. 15) She has five siblings. Answers will vary. Students give their opinions. One point which may be raised is that he Activity 16 (SB p. 18) favours the boys too much and does not treat his a) If the hat belongs to you, it is yours. children fairly. b) If the blanket belongs to us, it is ours. c) If the sweater belongs to me, it is mine. d) If the socks belong to her, they are hers. e) If the jackets belong to Joe, Awele and Adaugo, it is theirs.

8 Term 1 T MODULE erm 3 School days 1

Listening and speaking c) Mathematics d) Basic Science and Technology Activity 2 (SB p. 21) e) Cultural and Creative Arts a) He gave me sweet pears to eat with f) Computer Studies ice cream. b) My feet get sore when I climb the steep hill. Activity 7 (SB p. 24) c) I see the fleet sailed east over the deep sea Career School subject last week. a) Musician or C. Cultural and Activity 3 (SB p. 21) dress designer Creative Arts The words in the poem with the /i:/ sound are: b) Priest or pastor at D. Religion and three, geese, green, field and cease. a church National Values c) Writer of novels B. English Reading and comprehension or plays Activity 5 (SB p. 22) d) Businessman or A. Mathematics shopkeeper Paragraph a) Topic b) Supporting sentence details e) A chemist working E. Basic Science and at a pharmacy Technology 1 The NERDC Aimed to dispensing medicine changed the improve curriculum content, literacy, in 2008. numeracy, Grammar structure communication, Activity 8 (SB p. 25) entrepreneurship and workload a) The doctor will check the patient’s temperature this evening. (action verb) 2 All students now List of subjects b) I have forgotten how to do long division. take 10 subjects. (state verb) 3 Junior Secondary Entrepreneurial c) The thief grabbed the suitcase from the prepares and trolley. (action verb) students for communication d) She was a brilliant mathematician. (state verb) jobs or Senior skills e) She can sing that top note. (action verb) Secondary. Ready to enter f) I do love summer weather! (state verb) Senior Secondary g) My cousin is taller than me. (state verb) 4 Success is Hard work is the dependent on best preparation Activity 9 (SB p. 25) hard work. for the future. a) Chinosomi’s mother takes care of the children Vocabulary b) His maternal grandparents help his mother run the house. Activity 6 (SB p. 23) c) I walk to school every day. a) Religion and National Values d) They play soccer on Saturdays. b) English Studies e) He dances very well.

Module 3: School days 9 Activity 10 (SB p. 26) c) Prose generally is written in full sentences a) The dentist repaired the broken tooth. in continuous paragraphs. Poetry is written (transitive verb) as separate lines, each one starting against b) The talented young musician plays the margin. Poetry has rhythm and often the piano brilliantly. (transitive verb) uses rhyme. It also makes extensive use of c) He laughed loudly during the play. figures of speech. (intransitive verb) Activity 14 (SB p. 28) d) They travelled far and wide. (intransitive verb) e) The travel agent organised a tour of Japan a) Chuka is anxiously waiting his mother’s very efficiently. (transitive verb) return from the market because he f) The tailor sewed a new jacket in a very is hungry. short time. (transitive verb) b) Chuka observed people and things around him and showed a level of understanding Literature that one would not expect from a child of his age. It says, ‘He never ceases to observe Activity 12 (SB p. 28) things that happen around him.’ a) It is a type of literature which is different c) Chuka was a deep thinker and understood from poetry or drama. Prose is usually things well. He is described as having divided into chapters, each with its own the ‘wisdom of an adult’, and of being title. Prose is structured into paragraphs ‘a precocious child, obedient and humble’. and uses mostly full sentences and He is also observant (‘He never ceases to correct grammatical structure (apart from observe things that happen around him.’) direct speech). Okonkwo is also observant and thoughtful. b) (Any one) (‘Soon again he became lost in thought.’) • Plot: The events of a story or play and He worries easily and has much on his how they develop towards the ending. mind. (‘There is so much to think about.’) • Characterisation: How the personalities of each of the characters are described through language or actions. • Style: The way in which the story is told, including the use of sentences structure, vocabulary and direct speech.

10 Term 1 T MODULE erm 4 Stories from our past 1

Listening and speaking c) The two men on the right (and the one being whipped) are stripped to the waist Activity 2 (SB p. 29) because of the heat and tiring work. They B. win are barefoot despite the ground being rough with sharp bits of cane underfoot. They are Activity 3 (SB p. 29) not wearing any hats to protect them from (The words with the relevant vowel sound have the sun. been underlined.) The two men on the left are wearing hats As black as ink and isn’t ink, to protect them from the sun, shirts and long As white as milk and isn’t milk, boots, which are suitable for the rough and As soft as silk but isn’t silk, uneven ground. And hops about like a filly-foal. Activity 6 (SB p. 30) Activity 4 (SB p. 30) a) Information text. It provides factual information and is written in paragraphs Word with the short Matching word with with sub-headings. /ɪ/ sound a long /iː/sound b) i) serious and informative (it provides i) hit heat facts about an important subject) ii) about the past (it speaks about the way ii) sip seep the shrine was used in the past and the iii) dim deem trade in slaves from this area and beyond iv) kill keel in past centuries) v) wit wheat Activity 7 (SB p. 31) vi) sick seek a) Portugal, Holland, Britain b) 3,5 million people Reading and comprehension Activity 9 (SB p. 32) Activity 5 (SB p. 30) a) The king governed Arochukwu, so it was a) The man on the extreme left is watching the a monarchy. two slaves. He has a whip, so he is there to b) It was used as a religious temple and also a force the slaves to work. The man who is supreme court to settle major cases. second from the left is whipping another c) They had to walk through the ‘Tunnel of man, who is crouching fearfully on the Disappearance’ to the place where they ground. He is presumably being punished would receive judgement. for something. The two men on the right d) They made money because instead of are working hard, hoeing the ground and killing those found guilty, they secretly sold cutting the sugar cane. them to the slave traders. b) The two men on the left use fear and the threat of force to ensure the people work hard. The relationship is based on fear.

Module 4: Stories from our past 11 Activity 10 (SB p. 32) • The priests secretly sold some of the a) False. The oracle’s influence was people who were found to be guilty to throughout the Niger Delta region. slave traders, and pretended they had b) False. A red substance was added to the killed them. water to colour it, to give the impression • The slaves went to the Americas that blood had flowed into the river. and Caribbean. c) True • Portugal, Holland and Britain were the d) True main countries involved in the slave trade. e) True f) False. About a third of the slaves were Vocabulary from Nigeria. Activity 12 (SB p. 33)

Activity 11 (SB p. 33) Words Meanings a) Para. 1: Arochukwu is best known for the a) governed synonym of ‘ruled’ shrine of Ibini Ukpabi, an oracle often referred to as the ‘Long Juju’. b) shrine a place seen as holy because Para. 2: Those found guilty were killed of its connection with a god or holy person beside a river, called the Red River, which flowed close to the tunnel. c) oracle a priest acting as a go- Para. 3: In the 16th and 17th centuries, between, to receive advice or though, the Long Juju Shrine was judgement from a god used to sell people into slavery. d) disputes serious disagreements Para. 4: From the 16th century (the 1500s) to the 19th century (1800s), e) judgement decision about whether a person (or group) is guilty of between 10 and 12 million Africans a crime were transported across the Atlantic Ocean to North and South America f) guilty found responsible of doing and the Caribbean. something wrong or breaking Para. 5: In the period of the 16th to the a law 19th centuries, approximately g) innocent antonym of ‘guilty’ 3,5 million people (about a third h) secretly antonym of ‘openly’ of the total of African slaves) were shipped from what is now Nigeria i) victims people who suffer or are to the Americas. hurt by other people, events Para. 6: The Long Juju Shrine is now a or illness tourist attraction because it is an j) dominated became the main or most important part of Nigeria’s history. powerful in a group or pair b) Students’ own answers. Ensure that they rephrase the sentences in their own words, preserving the main meaning and Grammar structure shortening them where possible. Activity 13 (SB p. 35) c) • Arochukwu is a town in south-eastern a) The Long Juju is a famous religious temple. Nigeria which used to be ruled by a king. (two adjectives: descriptive) The oracle, called Long Juju, had great b) Today the Long Juju Shrine is a popular influence in the Niger Delta. place for tourists to visit. (one adjective: • The Red River was coloured with a red descriptive) substance as a sign that it looked as if the c) It is an important part of the history of accused had been killed. Nigeria. (one adjective: descriptive)

12 Term 1 d) Some victims had a mysterious disappearance. Literature (two adjectives: indefinite; descriptive) e) Innocent people went back to their families. Activity 17 (SB p. 37) (two adjectives: descriptive; possessive) a) He wanted to be rich and happy again. f) Which river was sometimes red in colour? b) Okonkwo thought he actually had to touch (two adjectives: interrogative; descriptive) a real lion’s teeth. The doctor laughs at g) The old car travelled slowly on these Okonkwo’s mistake because he had not dangerous roads. (three adjectives: understood what he (the doctor) had meant. descriptive; demonstrative; descriptive) c) It means to do something difficult and h) Two talented artists are exhibiting paintings dangerous. at that gallery. (three adjectives: adjective of d) He must get a man’s head and use it to quantity; descriptive; demonstrative) make a charm. e) No, he did not want to do this and the Activity 14 (SB p. 35) thought that he would have to commit (Students’ answers will vary.) Some example murder sent ‘shivers down his spine’. answers: f) He was so shocked that he was ‘speechless’. a) beautiful, big b) my, our Activity 18 (SB p. 37) c) these a) poor, sudden, mysterious b) wealthy c) speechless

Module 4: Stories from our past 13 T MODULE erm 5 Nigeria, land of lovely skies 1

Listening and speaking Activity 6 (SB p. 40) Activity 2 (SB p. 39) a) Young: children running to school; infants (not walking, but are being carried on foot); a) The men are well fed. market women (mothers) b) She rested her head on a pillow on the bed. Older people: workers, e.g. farmer, c) The nest was empty, as the hen had laid miners, clerks no eggs. b) The earth is used to build the walls of d) Lend me the book when you get to the end. homes and to produce food. e) Please lend me that red sweater. c) peaceful d) She loves Nigeria. Activity 3 (SB p. 39) a) A. best Vocabulary b) B. said c) C. never Activity 7 (SB p. 41) d) B. reed a) ‘of young and old’; ‘ancient’ ; ‘new born’ e) D. beast (compound adjective) f) A. seed b) positive: ‘lovely’, ‘serene’; negative: ‘harsh’ c) i) brilliant; ii) ancient; iii) emerald Reading and comprehension Activity 4 (SB p. 40) Grammar structure The answers should relate to the details in Activity 8 (SB p. 42) the illustration. Adjective Comparative Superlative Activity 5 (SB p. 40) form form a) It is a poem. It is typical of a poem in that calm a) calmer calmest it has a definite, almost regular rhythm. proud prouder b) proudest The syllables in bold are the stressed (emphasised) syllables. However, there is serene more serene c) most serene no rhyme at the end of the lines. impossible d) more most impossible This land of lovely skies, Nigeria, impossible Speaks to me wherever I turn my eyes. helpful more helpful e) most helpful The red earth speaks of hundreds of bare feet brilliant f) more brilliant most brilliant Of market women walking with slow gait sweet sweeter g) sweetest b) red, emerald (deep green), golden/gold, blue, grey

14 Term 1 Activity 9 (SB p. 42) Literature a) On the night of the play, the director Activity 12 (SB p. 46) was exhausted, but the actors were more exhausted. a) False. The actors are on the stage. b) The music was loud but the applause b) True. was louder. c) True. c) The first act was tense, but the last act was d) False. Lighting is usually used to create more tense. mood and focus attention on the actors, d) The lead actor is funny, the lead actress is or parts of the stage. funnier, and the fool is the funniest. e) True e) The supporting character is a challenging role, but the main actor is a more challenging role.

Module 5: Nigeria, land of lovely skies 15 T MODULE erm 6 At the market 1

Listening and speaking Activity 6 (SB p. 48) Activity 2 (SB p. 47) a) Mrs. Ajayi is wanting to buy meat. The elderly meat seller is trying to sell some a) Nancy thanked the man for the jam meat, even though he knows it is rotten. and candy. b) The market b) Dan sat with his hat and the lamp on his lap. c) Hand in hand, the man and Sam ran rapidly Activity 8 (SB p. 50) over the damp sand on the bank. a) Yes, he did because it says ‘Pretending to d) Mandy sat on a mat near the campfire, be surprised’. cooking ham in a pan. b) It can become too old to be eaten and Activity 3 (SB p. 47) eventually become rotten. It can also become contaminated by being left in the a) D. plan sun or a hot place (such as a truck when b) A. apple being transported) for too long. To avoid c) C. handle contamination, meat should be eaten while d) B. hedge it is still fresh and should be refrigerated as e) C. bread much as possible. Reading and comprehension Vocabulary Activity 4 (SB p. 48) Activity 10 (SB p. 51) b) The woman looks angry. a) I tried to convince him to go home, but he did not listen. Activity 5 (SB p. 48) b) The meat was left on the table in the sun a) They are arguing about the cost of the meat and became contaminated. she wishes to buy. Later she complains that c) He confirmed that the meeting will still take the meat was rotten and he denies it. place tomorrow. b) Drama. It gives mainly the dialogue d) The shopkeeper had many customers between characters. The name of each coming to buy from him every week. character is written on the left, against e) The consumption of fruit and vegetables is the margin, followed by a colon and the important for the intake of vitamins. words spoken, without quotation marks. f) The driver claimed that the accident was the Instructions are given in brackets, in italics. other driver’s fault. g) The boxer decided to challenge the champion to another fight.

16 Term 1 Grammar structure all the parts of the scene, including the entrance of Nazeem’s hut. Although there Activity 11 (SB p. 52) are not many characters in this scene, the a) It rains frequently in the summer months. stage should not be small. (adverb of frequency) c) The characters will all wear traditional b) One by one, they planted the seeds carefully clothes, with the women wearing traditional in the ground, so that they would grow. Muslim attire. If this was being acted out (adverb of manner) in class, you could bring clothing that c) The cows in the dairy had very little milk, so could be wrapped over the clothes worn by we couldn’t make cheese. (adverb of degree) the students. d) The workers harvested the plants yesterday, d) Students’ answers will vary. Items should before it started to rain. (adverb of time) be portable and be in keeping with the e) They stored the grain here, so the rats setting of a traditional compound. would not eat it. (adverb of place) Activity 17 (SB p. 55) Literature a) The best choices are: courage, determination, kindness, intelligence. Activity 15 (SB p. 55) Honesty and generosity also apply. a) Nazeem’s compound b) Education can change lives or Education b) Students’ answers will vary. They must can help improve life (or something describe a stage that can accommodate similar).

Module 6: At the market 17 T MODULE erm 7 More about school 1

Listening and speaking Activity 3 (SB p. 56) Activity 2 (SB p. 56) a) party b) harmful a) Father drove the car fast farther down c) chance the path. d) aunty b) The sharks swim past in the dark. e) marvellous c) The drama students danced on the grass in f) particle the park. g) laugh d) The art class started making glass stars h) rather in March. e) Margaret fell fast asleep after her bath. Activity 4 (SB p. 57)

/iː/ (green) /ɪ/ (thin) /e/ (red) /æ/ (apple) /aː/ (car) a) need spinning defend happen cargo b) wheat spilt remember janitor cast c) lead tinny February ladder last d) scene invitation instead flatter jar

Reading and comprehension Activity 8 (SB p. 58) a) Leopard was so angry with Fish that he felt Activity 5 (SB p. 57) he could even kill Fish. Because they had C. a made-up, simple story with a clear message been friends for a long time, he felt it would be wiser to ask someone else to decide on Activity 6 (SB p. 57) his punishment. a) Leopard, his wife and Fish b) King Eyo thought the case was more b) The conflict will probably be between serious because Fish had been a friend Leopard and Fish about Leopard’s wife. of Leopard for a long time and had then c) King Eyo was judge. betrayed Leopard’s trust in him. d) In Calabar, away from the towns and villages, in the bush Activity 9 (SB p. 58) Fish must live in water from then onwards. He would die if he ever came onto land. If men or animals were able to catch him, they should kill and eat him as a punishment.

18 Term 1 Vocabulary Activity 12 (SB p. 60) Activity 10 (SB p. 58) a) He keeps his books in his desk drawers. b) We stood at the classroom door. Phrases Meanings c) The papers were piled on the floor. d) The missing note was found under a set a) a low trick a mean and of books. dishonourable method of deceiving someone Literature b) a big palaver a conference between two sides Activity 16 (SB p. 64) c) stated his case explained his complaint It is a fable because it includes mainly animals very firmly as the characters and had a moral at the end. d) give a defence defend or explain his Activity 17 (SB p. 64) behaviour a) ‘Many years ago, when King Eyo was ruler e) taken advantage of make unfair use of a of Calabar, Fish used to live on land.’ person or situation for b) It is told by a narrator, who uses a one’s own benefit third-person point of view, instead of a first‑person point of view, to relate events. Grammar structure Any line that uses the third person e.g. ‘he’, Activity 11 (SB p. 59) ‘she’ or ‘it’. c) It warns people about the dangers of being a) We study Geography on Tuesdays. untrustworthy. Fish betrayed his friend’s b) School starts at eight o’clock. trust in him and behaved dishonourably. c) I will see you before school tomorrow. He was punished severely. d) She will take dancing classes in the last term. e) He was exhausted after the tough climb yesterday.

Module 7: More about school 19 T MODULE erm 8 A story with a moral 1

Listening and speaking Activity 6 (SB p. 69) Activity 2 (SB p. 65) a) False. Lion agreed to help them by giving them tails, as they needed them to swat a) The logs were chopped in the forest. at flies. b) The boss left his office to make strong, b) True hot coffee. c) False. Baboon told Rock Rabbit, but c) She forgot to wash the dog. he chose to sleep instead of going to d) Tom lost his sock, and now has one the gathering. odd sock. d) True e) She saw a frog near the bog in the woods. e) True f) The song was long and the music was wrong. g) Put this soft cloth in the cot with a bottle. Activity 7 (SB p. 70) h) The dog’s collar cost a lot. a) It is a fable because all the characters are Activity 3 (SB p. 66) animals and there is a moral (message) at the end. a) B. bother b) If you are lazy and do not respond when b) C. clog you are given opportunities or are given c) A. yacht a present, you may lose out on something d) B. jot important or valuable. e) C. swat Activity 8 (SB p. 70) Reading and comprehension Donkey: ungrateful. He wanted a longer tail. Activity 4 (SB p. 66) Monkey: greedy. He took the tail that was meant for Rock Rabbit, because he wanted it in a) Students describe an incident related to addition to his own tail. the illustration. Suggest that the story will Rock Rabbit: lazy. He preferred to sleep instead provide the reason why rock rabbits do not of obeying the instruction from their king (Lion) have tails. to go to the gathering. b) It is part of a drama. The name of each Baboon: energetic. He went to all the animals to character is written against the margin, tell them to come to the gathering. followed by a colon and the words spoken. Lion: proud. He thought the other tails were not Other information about what the actors are as wonderful as his. doing is given in italics. Zebra: polite. He thanked Lion enthusiastically. c) These words are directions to the actor about what he should do, and are not spoken. d) Lion, Baboon, Donkey, Zebra, Rock Rabbit and Monkey. Only Lion has a tail.

20 Term 1 Vocabulary Grammar structure Activity 9 (SB p. 70) Activity 12 (SB p. 72) a) The old man liked to doze every afternoon a) She washed the dishes and her brother in the sun. dried them. b) The woman was known for her elegant style b) He has finished all his chores in the house, of dress. so he went outside to play. c) There will be an important gathering of all c) It was a long way to town, but she went the school principals and teachers to discuss there on foot. what can be done. d) She didn’t finish her chores because she d) The man was summoned to appear in was tired. court after the accident that involved e) She was not allowed to go there unless her reckless driving. mother went with her. e) The king treated his subjects well and ruled them fairly. Activity 13 (SB p. 72) f) The businessman has many financialburdens a) When my mother asks me to do so, I go to and other worries after buying the new hotel. the shop. g) He swats at the fly buzzing over the b) Although their fathers told them to come kitchen table. indoors, the boys are riding their bicycles. h) It is his prerogative to make the final decision. c) Since it is very hot, we will not do athletics training today. Activity 10 (SB p. 71) d) Rather than meet at the shopping centre, we • cannot stand – e) cannot tolerate will play in the park. • driven mad – a) made frustrated and very e) Because JSS1 is more difficult than annoyed Primary 6, we have much more • traffic jam – b) a huge number of vehicles homework now. causing long delays Activity 11 (SB p. 71)

Verb Adjective Adverb Noun laze lazy lazily a) laziness – elegant b) elegantly elegance – c) politely politely d) politeness – royal e) royally royalty – wonderful f) wonderfully wonder – grateful g) gratefully gratitude enjoy h) enjoyable enjoyably enjoyment obey obedient i) obediently j) obedience

Module 8: A story with a moral 21 Activity 14 (SB p. 73) Literature a) Although we told her not to go there, she Activity 17 (SB p. 74) opened the door and went inside. b) Unless you listen carefully, you won’t a) irony know what to do. b) simile c) Since it is late, you should go home by bus. c) metaphor d) While she waited for the aeroplane, she d) simile talked to her friend. e) metaphor e) Because it was so expensive, very few people bought it.

22 Term 1 T MODULE erm 9 Let there be peace 1

Listening and speaking Discussing a problem without resorting to blows is important. Ask an adult e.g. a teacher Activity 2 (SB p. 76) or a parent to assist if necessary. An apology if a) I saw the small horse next to the wall. one is in the wrong can go a long way. b) The sore on the lion’s paw was raw. c) Her daughter taught drawing in autumn in Activity 6 (SB p. 76) the hall. C. Being punished for fighting d) I like to walk across the lawn at dawn. e) She ate the pork and corn with a fork. Activity 7 (SB p. 77) Odili and Leo Activity 3 (SB p. 76) Activity 9 (SB p. 78) /æ/ /aː/ /ɔː/ a) False. Odili is angry because Leo stopped a) captain army yawn the game by picking up the ball. ‘He just b) battle laughter haul grabbed the ball in the middle of the game and ruined it for everyone.’ c) manager task fall b) False. The teacher wanted to hear both sides d) jacket market forward of the story. ‘I want us to listen carefully to e) Saturday grass fought what each person is saying.’ c) False. The teacher is pleased that the boys understand each other’s point of view. Reading and comprehension ‘Well done!’ Activity 4 (SB p. 76) d) False. Odili listens to Leo’s side of the story. B. having a problem with another person or ‘Leo feels sad and angry because I hit him. other people, often resulting in people He felt angry during the game because he becoming angry thought I cheated.’ e) True. ‘Leo, you are going to explain what Activity 5 (SB p. 76) happened starting with the words “I feel…” ’ Students contribute answers about causes Activity 10 (SB p. 79) of arguments or fights. This could include: taking or disrespecting the property of others; Odili cheated at the game, which made Leo insulting others or calling each other hurtful angry and he wanted to stop playing, so he names; laughing at or mocking someone; picked up the ball. Odili became angry because cheating in school work or sport; playing Leo’s action spoilt the game, so he hit Leo. roughly in games.

Module 9: Let there be peace 23 Vocabulary c) Leo showed acceptance when he listened to Odili’s story and did not disagree. Activity 11 (SB p. 79) d) The teacher did not shout at the boys. He showed empathy and listened to their Words Meaning side of the story. a) empathy understanding the thoughts e) The teacher treated both boys the same, of another person and feeling with equality. what he or she is experiencing b) acceptance taking something that Grammar structure is offered, or believing information, instead of Activity 14 (SB p. 80) refusing or denying it a) The team shouted happily after they won the trophy. c) positive being confident and sure in a situation b) Leo explained how he picked up the ball peacefully. d) compassion a feeling of sympathy and c) The teacher told the boys to listen carefully sorrow for another person’s to each other. suffering and trying to do d) The man falsely accused his neighbour of something to help them stealing his cattle. e) equality the state of being equal, being e) Jackal sometime acts trickily in the same, or being treated well‑known fables. fairly or justly f) respect to value another person and Activity 15 (SB p. 81) (verb) show this in one’s actions (time) and manner a) Yesterday Odili and Leo were playing g) responsibility a duty to take care of or deal soccer outside. with something or somebody (place) b) Odili spoke angrily to Leo. Activity 12 (SB p. 79) (manner) D. abstract nouns c) The boys almost got into a serious fight. Activity 13 (SB p. 79) (degree) d) The boys both should have played fairly. a) A positive attitude is needed when trying to resolve a conflict. You need to be confident (manner) that you can solve the problem. e) The team sometimes played roughly. b) The teacher showed compassion towards (time) (manner) the boys as he tried to help them.

24 Term 1 T MODULE erm 10 Revision 1

PAPER 1: Multiple choice 17. C. unconscious 18. D. dress rehearsal (50 marks) 19. A. aggressive Section I: Comprehension 20. C. confessed 21. D. (p. 82) (6 marks) 22. B. 1. C. did not reduce the numbers of elephants 23. A. poached, and in fact the number 24. D. has increased 25. C. 2. A. killing animals illegally on someone 26. B. else’s land or in protected areas, mostly 27. D. to sell parts of the body e.g. the horns 28. C. 3. D. 10 000 per year 4. B. but the evidence of elephant deaths does Section IV: Grammatical not support this accuracy (p. 86) (22 marks) 5. E. work with people in the ivory market, to persuade them not to buy and sell ivory 29. C. in 6. A. is increasing because it is mostly to 30. A. as China and people there are now willing 31. C. will to pay much more to get the ivory 32. D. at 33. C. his Section II: Spoken English 34. A. on 35. B. will be (p. 84) (7 marks) 36. D. mysteriously 7. D. receive 37. C. happily 8. A. hill 38. C. tallest 9. C. entry 39. D. hers 10. C. exactly 40. B. more interesting 11. B. arch 41. C. are looking forward 12. E. bond 42. E. those 13. B. bored 43. B. is training 44. D. Although Section III: Vocabulary 45. B. Whereas 46. D. final development (p. 84) (15 marks) 47. B. It’s 14. D. contaminated 48. C. Whose 15. B. excavate 49. E. against 16. A. demolish 50. A. gratitude

Module 10: Revision 25 TERM 2

Module 1: A famous Nigerian singer Module 6: Child workers

Module 2: Saying it right Module 7: Infectious diseases

Module 8: Getting information Module 3: The library from texts

Module 4: Marriage Module 9: Festivals

Module 5: Memories Module 10: Revision

26 Term 2 T MODULE erm 1 A famous Nigerian singer 2

Listening and speaking Activity 7 (SB p. 90) Activity 1 (SB p. 88) a) They are political activists who bring attention to political and social issues Short vowel sounds Long vowel sounds through their music. b) They speak about corruption, poverty / / as in it, fix, frill, sit ɪ and the inadequate living conditions of /e/ as in bed, friend, /iː/ as in bee, machine, many people living in Nigeria. (Give rent, head people, cheese two answers.) c) They are working to improve conditions /æ/ as in track, plait, /aː/ as in heart, father, hand, mat guard, are and the situation in Nigeria, so their aim is to make a positive difference. Yes, it is /ɒ/ as in dog, watch, /ɔː/ as in fall, soar, a good name because they are a force for pot, clock roar, walk good and for positive change. d) He won a Headies Hall of Fame Award and Activity 2 (SB p. 88) is a presenter on Nigerian Idol. a) laughter e) The USA d) nice f) Political activism refers to actions that are c) fatter aimed at changing the political situation and d) many conditions in a country, such as achieving a e) miner more equal, just and democratic society. g) Students’ answers will vary. Give marks Reading and comprehension for reasoning. Activity 3 (SB p. 89) Activity 8 (SB p. 90) It is an information article about a Main ideas: Nigerian musician. a) He (Femi Kuti) is the son of another famous Nigerian musician, Fela Kuti. Activity 4 (SB p. 89) Supporting sentence: Both father and son a) True are known not only for their music, but also b) False. He has never won a Grammy Award, for their political activism. which is the top popular music award b) Femi Kuti sings about issues like for musicians. corruption, poverty and the poor living conditions of many Nigerians. Activity 5 (SB p. 89) c) Although Femi is very popular in Nigeria a) Femi and Fela Kuti and internationally, he has never won a b) Headies Hall of Fame Award Grammy Award. Supporting sentence: At home, though, Femi has won a Headies Hall Of Fame Award, and is a presenter on Nigerian Idol. d) In 2014, Femi Kuti signed with a new record label, called Chocolate City Music.

Module 1: A famous Nigerian singer 27 Vocabulary Activity 9 (SB p. 90)

Phrases Meanings a) raise awareness of draw attention to b) poor living conditions bad or unhealthy lifestyle caused by poverty c) considered to be thought, according to many people d) signed with thought to be, according to many people

Grammar structure Activity 10 (SB p. 91)

Noun (abstract noun) Verb Adjective Adverb recognition a) recognise b) recognisable recognisably corruption corrupt c) corrupt corruptly d) competition compete competitive e) competitively f) attraction attract attractive g) attractively h) selection select i) selective selectively j) freedom free free k) freely wastefulness l) waste m) wasteful wastefully n) laziness laze lazy o) lazily

Activity 11 (SB p. 91) Activity 12 (SB p. 92) a) Ikemdi is studying woodwork. He wants to a) Ayoka enjoys listening to music. be a carpenter when he finishes school. b) He is a very talented musician. b) When I saw Nahum yesterday, I did not c) Amara and her sister live near here. recognise him. d) The doctor checks his patients c) Chinomso and Osita are excellent soccer every morning. players. The coach selected them for the team. e) Adetokunbo and his friend always discuss d) My friend and I are rehearsing for a school Saturday’s game on a Monday. concert. We are singing three songs. f) My mother encourages us to study hard for e) My sister’s friends heard that she was sick. our exams. They visited her this morning. g) I treasure my memory of that trip. f) We took some lunch to the park and ate it h) You are my best friend! near the lake. g) That dog belongs to me, not my neighbour. It is mine. h) You must remember to take all those books. They are yours.

28 Term 2 Activity 13 (SB p. 92) c) She ate an ice cream, while her brother ate a) The squirrel buried the acorns below a waffle. the ground. While her brother ate a waffle, she ate an b) The dog ran over the bridge. ice cream. c) The injured giraffe walked around the game d) Simon laughed out loud when Jonathan told park for days. him a funny joke. d) The lioness hunted with her cubs. When Jonathan told him a funny joke, e) The poacher took aim at the elephant. Simon laughed out loud. f) The thief ran towards the old woman and e) We will not win the trophy unless we train grabbed her handbag. every day. Unless we train every day, we will not win Activity 14 (SB p. 92) the trophy. a) They were late for the bus home because the concert ended late. Because the concert ended late, they were late for the bus home. b) He was very nervous about the race, although he had trained very hard. Although he had trained very hard, he was very nervous for the race.

Module 1: A famous Nigerian singer 29 T MODULE erm 2 Saying it right 2

Listening and speaking b) Reading and speaking English whenever possible will improve his understanding Activity 2 (SB p. 94) of English. a) Stirring sugar in tea will make it sweet. b) Malik chopped the wood to make a fire. Vocabulary c) I rested my head on a soft cushion. d) Tola will cook the yams for supper tonight. Activity 9 (SB p. 97) e) The butcher cut up the meat for us and It is important to use the right a) expression wrapped it in paper. in order to b) communicate well with your listeners and readers. The wrong word or Activity 3 (SB p. 95) idiom may result in the c) misinterpretation a) D. put of your comments. If you and your listener b) B. push d) understand your words differently, this c) A. look could cause chaos and e) confusion. A truly d) E. bush f) successful communicator knows the meaning of the words he uses and can therefore achieve Reading and g) clarity of expression. comprehension Activity 10 (SB p. 98) Activity 4 (SB p. 95) a) advertisement b) delivery c) rehabilitation d) disappearance It is a dialogue between two friends. e) creation f) decision B. a discussion about something of interest to g) explosion both boys Activity 11 (SB p. 99) Activity 5 (SB p. 95) a) unsuccessful a) Informal. Examples: ‘Sure!’ ‘don’t’ b) inexpressive Activity 7 (SB p. 97) c) unimportant d) misunderstand a) False. Hasan made some terrible mistakes e) uncommunicative in his conversation with Gowon. b) True c) False. If you are well, you say you are fine. Grammar structure d) True Activity 12 (SB p. 99) e) True a) She laughed happily when she heard the story. b) They yawned wearily as they waited. Activity 8 (SB p. 97) c) She shouted loudly at the naughty children. a) i) You should try use the correct word d) He waited patiently for the ambulance at the correct time and also use an to arrive. expression (or idiom) correctly, so that people understand what you are saying. ii) Y ou should try to say what you mean and mean what you say.

30 Term 2 Activity 13 (SB p. 100) Literature a) The fishermen moved quietly into the water. Activity 18 (SB p. 102) (adverb of manner) b) The children frequently play games under a) The characters are a mother crab and her the tree. (adverb of frequency) little son crab. c) The mother sang softly to her sick child. b) They are animal characters. (adverb of manner) c) When the son asks his mother to show him, d) They rarely visited their grandparents’ she can also only walk sideways. house. (adverb of frequency) d) Yes. The moral of the lesson is: Do not tell e) We studied hard for our final exams. others how to behave or what to do unless (adverb of manner) you can set a good example. Activity 14 (SB p. 100) Activity 19 (SB p. 102) a) Who’s eaten my lunch? a) The setting is a beach, where crabs are b) This is the man whose suitcase got lost. usually found. c) You’re not leaving class right now. b) The theme of the family is hypocrisy. d) That gift is yours. (Don’t pretend to be better than others e) The teacher was beside herself with anger. and criticise them, when you are guilty f) He is determined to proceed with his speech. of the same fault. See the moral which is g) The winning team won complimentary discussed above in 18(d). tickets to the national football match.

Module 2: Saying it right 31 T MODULE erm 3 The library 2

Listening and speaking e) If you find the Dewey Decimal number of a book (on the computer), then you will know Activity 2 (SB p. 103) where to look for it on the shelves. a)u Yo must chew your food and not spill f) Garba needed to return the books to the your soup. library in two weeks’ time. b) The youth group’s routine is to meet on a g) ‘Plagiarise’ means to copy information from Tuesday in this room. a different source, word-for-word, and not c) I need two new blue suits. change the information into your own words. d) You must not lose your new shoes. h) It is dishonest to pretend something is written e) Is it true you will move to a new school soon? by you, when you have taken the words from f) The fruit we grew got bruised, but made another person’s work. In addition, you will good juice. lose marks in a project if you plagiarise and might have to redo the project. Activity 3 (SB p. 104) i) D. relaxed a) D. blue b) B. cool Activity 7 (SB p. 106) c) A. due a) Students express their opinions. d) B. foot b) Students express their opinions. e) E. should c) Garba will get good marks. He is putting a lot of time and effort into his work. Reading and comprehension Vocabulary Activity 4 (SB p. 104) a) It looks like an information article about Activity 8 (SB p. 106) the library. The layout and style of writing a) I enjoy non-fiction books because they shows that it is not a newspaper article. are factual. b) Formal b) The librarian used a computer as it helped c) Autobiography, fiction and non-fiction her to find the exact book I was looking for. c) Encyclopaedias and dictionaries are found Activity 6 (SB p. 105) in the reference section of the library. a) Garba went to the library to do research for d) The headline for the newspaper article was so his school project. interesting, I decided to read the whole article. b) B. circulation desk e) If you are enjoying a book, take note of the c) D. the Internet author so you can read another one of his or d) Mr. Mendebe is Garba’s class teacher. her books. Mr. Mendebe arranged for the books to be f) Make sure you add a bibliography to the put aside for the whole class. end of your project.

32 Term 2 Activity 9 (SB p. 107) Activity 11 (SB p. 108) a) I have asked him to refund my money, but a) The leaves rustle in the wind. he has not done so yet. b) The raindrops patter on the roof. b) I want to recycle these plastic bottles and c) The key falls off the key ring. used tin cans. d) The spectators applaud the winner. c) I need to recharge my battery before I use e) The bright star twinkles in the night sky. my phone. f) The businessman signs a new contract d) Can you remind me of his name every year. and surname? g) The builders calculate all costs before e) The driver reversed his car out of they begin. the driveway. h) The driver loads the truck early before the f) The young girl recited the poem in front of shop opens. a large audience. g) The actors rehearsed for two months Literature before the play started. h) They managed to revive the patient after Activity 14 (SB p. 110) his heart stopped beating. a) The poem is funny, because it describes the baby’s noisy anger. ‘But he starts a Grammar structure baby riot.’ b) She wishes she could express her feelings Activity 10 (SB p. 108) as easily as her brother does. a) The librarian stamps the books. c) scream and extreme; down and frown; b) I read books in my bedroom at night. another and brother c) The helicopter flies across the sky. d) Quick d) They plunge into the icy sea water. e) Students’ own answers. e) The runner rushes to the finish line. f) The farmer sows seed every spring.

Module 3: The library 33 T MODULE erm 4 Marriage 2

Listening and speaking Activity 7 (SB p. 114) Activity 2 (SB p. 111) a) Both couples were about the same age and had recently got married, which is why they My mother and father live in the country and were good friends. will need to come by public transport when b) No, the couples were not the same in every they visit me in the city. My cousin, his young way. One couple was a happy couple, while son and I will meet them on Monday morning. the other was a couple who argued with It is raining so hard at the moment, we are sure each other. it might even flood. But we love my parents so c) The one couple felt embarrassed because much, nothing will stop us from fetching them they would often shout at each other and at the station! they thought their friends next door could probably hear them. Activity 4 (SB p. 112) d) They listened in on the conversations of the a) blood other couple, to try and learn their secret for b) colour happiness. Students will give their opinions c) couple about this. d) does e) The advice was that they must realise that e) button they were taught different things by their parents while they were growing up. As a Activity 5 (SB p. 112) result, they should expect to have different a) B. enough views on some subjects and each would b) E. touch think that his or her view was right. As a c) C. move result, they should each remember to care d) C. few for his or her partner and be willing to compromise on the small things in life. Reading and f) Yes it is, because it will result in understanding and respecting the other person. comprehension g) Students to give their own answer. Activity 6 (SB p. 112) Award marks for a well-reasoned answer. h) Students to give their own answer. a) Happy Award marks for a well-reasoned answer. b) Young people and those who are recently married or about to marry c) It is mostly formal with some informal Vocabulary words or phrases used. For example, in Activity 8 (SB p. 114) the fourth paragraph, it says, ‘They didn’t a) The one couple never heard shouting from seem…’. The contraction is more informal the other house. than the formal ‘did not’. The last sentence b) The other couple always seemed to be happy. of the paragraph ends with an exclamation c) The one couple had learnt an important lesson. mark. This adds informality to the sentence. d) They tried hard to stop disagreeing so much. d) The first meaning is relevant to these e) They decided to compromise on sentences. unimportant things in life.

34 Term 2 Activity 9 (SB p. 115) Grammar structure Words Meanings Activity 12 (SB p. 117) a) arguing discussing angrily with another a) Many people attended my sister’s wedding person or a group last year. b) I bought cowrie shells and made a beautiful b) embarrassed shy or worried about what necklace. other people think of you c) The dressmaker sewed the dress yesterday. c) compromised reached an agreement so that d) I thought it was a beautiful ceremony. both sides are satisfied with e) There were many people at the ceremony. the decision f) The groom slept on the way to the reception. d) admitted told one or more people that g) We washed the car before the ceremony. you did something wrong h) The chef cooked a delicious meal for the e) experience an event or something which reception. has happened to you i) A photographer took photographs of the bridal couple and their families. f) opinion a point of view; something j) I spoke to some of my cousins at the that you think or believe reception. g) valuable worth a lot, in money terms or k) We dreamt about the day for many months very special in other ways and at last it was here! h) trivial having little value or importance Activity 13 (SB p. 118) Activity 10 (SB p. 115) a) The horse galloped across the field. a) A ceremony where a marriage officially b) The small child toddled into the next room. takes place and is celebrated c) The thief sneaked out of the room. d) The soldiers marched through the city. Activity 11 (SB p. 116) e) The injured soccer player limped from the field. Words Meanings f) The happy girl danced through the room. a) engagement a formal agreement to get married Literature b) fiancé the man whom the lady intends to marry Activity 15 (SB p. 119) c) fiancée the lady whom the man intends a) Lyric poem: expresses intense feelings; to marry romantic love is the theme b) The end of line 1 (‘ago’) rhymes with the d) wedding a ceremony and reception take place end of line 3 (‘know’). c) Students express their opinions and give e) vows solemn promises between reasons for their answers. husband and wife f) bride a woman at the time of her wedding g) bridegroom a man at the time of his wedding h) marriage the joining of a husband and wife i) union the joining of two people together j) newlyweds recently married people

Module 4: Marriage 35 T MODULE erm 5 Memories 2

Listening and speaking e) The writer does not sympathise with the easy‑going ones because he describes them Activity 2 (SB p. 120) as ‘lazy’. a) We learn about speech sounds in English. f) ‘the harvest was sad, like a funeral’. b) We are in our second term at school. This simile creates a sad mood. c) Joyce returns to school on Monday. d) Mr. Jonathon is a stern teacher. Vocabulary e) The man is head of the new law firm. f) I like to wear long skirts. Activity 7 (SB p. 124) g) Try not to hurt yourself. I had a brief visit of only one hour to the fields near the river yesterday. As I arrived, I saw Activity 3 (SB p. 121) the trees which had been uprooted and washed a) B. earn away by the recent floods. They are now lying b) E. world near the bridge. I was shocked to see how the c) C. mercy young plants have already been scorched by d) C. blood the hot sun. e) A. public Some farmers had shown some foresight, ahead of the drought, by building structures Reading and comprehension to provide shade for the young plants. I met a young farmer who is expecting to lose about Activity 4 (SB p. 122) half his crop this year. I sympathised with him a) The picture shows that there were problems about the changeable weather patterns we are related to the harvest, which causes great now experiencing. It is a challenging time to be anxiety and stress to the farmer. farming now! b) The weather was extremely bad that year and this affected the harvest of the yams. Grammar structure This was a painful experience to Okonkwo Activity 8 (SB p. 124) and the memory of it affected him for the rest of his life. There are various ways to combine the words d) blazing sun; scorched; smouldering. They and students’ answers will vary. Below are create a tense mood. some examples: a) I am working hard at school. Activity 6 (SB p. 123) b) We are talking to friends. c) They are making too much noise. a) Okonkwo d) He is running very slowly. b) A village with farmlands e) She is sitting on the sofa. c) The earth burnt like hot coals… It was f) It is flying low in the sky. extremely hot. It creates a tense mood. d) No, they did not really sympathise, but Activity 9 (SB p. 125) only pretended to do so. They were mainly relieved (and happy) that they had not a) I am expecting a visitor this morning. suffered a similar loss. b) The train is travelling very slowly today. c) I am hoping to get home in time.

36 Term 2 d) It is your birthday. You are turning 13 today! Literature e) We are flying to Australia for a conference next year. Activity 10 (SB p. 128) f) I am watching the African Cup of Nations a) Act II on television right now. b) A house, at the kitchen table g) He is training for the tournament next c) The sisters, Nneka and Uju season already. d) They are wearing casual clothes. It is not h) We are leaving at four o’clock school hours. tomorrow morning. e) Nneka is grateful to Uju and appreciates her i) I am trying to finish all my homework kindness. She hugs her. before we go out. f) She is worried and frustrated. It says she is j) They are playing all four teams in the ‘frowning and sighing’. contest next term. g) Students’ answers will vary. Give marks for a reasoned response that refers back to the tips in the drama text.

Module 5: Memories 37 T MODULE erm 6 Child workers 2

Listening and speaking Reading and comprehension Activity 2 (SB p. 130) Activity 5 (SB p. 131) a) Don’t tamper with the stickers on the boxes a) It is about children who are forced to work, in the cellar. and have extremely unhappy lives as a result. tamper – er, the – e, stickers – er, boxes – b) It is an information text which gives factual e, cellar – ar information and opinions about a serious b) I wonder why he missed the lecture by subject. The language is formal and the the doctor. text contains figures (numbers) and factual wonder – er, lecture – ure, doctor – or detail. The photograph shows it is a real c) He is famous as the writer of a number subject and does in fact happen. of thrillers. c) Picking fruit, domestic work (in homes) and writer – er, number – er, thrillers – ers carrying stone for building d) I want an answer to my questions on the d) A. To outline a serious problem customer’s account. answer – er, customer’s – er, account – a Activity 6 (SB p. 132) e) He used a ladder to hang the large picture a) D. theatres above the cupboard. b) Work in armed groups; work in criminal ladder – er, picture – ure, above – a groups; sexual slavery f) The sofa is damper than usual after the rains c) The money they make goes to the adult. this year. d) The author is critical of child labour and sofa – a, damper – er, after –er does not approve. Examples are ‘victims’, g) Did you understand the longer poem I wrote ‘Did you stop to think about what you saw? yesterday? Did you take a second look?’, ‘I ask you: understand – er, longer – er, yesterday – er how many of Nigeria’s children are neither h) I need some paper to cover my book about seen nor heard?’ the school tour. e) The author is addressing the readers, paper – er, cover – er, about–- a especially anyone who sees these child labourers. Activity 4 (SB p. 130) f) C. having a combination of subjective and objective language. Beginning of the word Middle of the word Subjective language (which includes CO-lour-ful ac-COUN-tant people’s opinions and often uses WON-der-ful a-VOID-ance emotive language) includes examples such as: ‘How many more children… MOTHerly com-MIT-ment to happen?’ and ‘Did you stop to think COM-ba-tant Pro-FES-sor …. saw?’ Objective language is more factual SIM-i-lar Dis-FIG-ure and does not express an opinion e.g. ‘Nigerian children work on farms… streets’ and ‘Some of the places… view.’

38 Term 2 g) ‘Did you stop… saw?’; ‘Did you take… Vocabulary look?’; ‘How many more… happen?’ h) Students respond according to what they Activity 10 (SB p. 133) answered earlier. The author was largely Words and Meanings successful because he provides factual phrases evidence to show how large the problem is, as well as an emotional appeal to the reader a) labour work to try and deal with the problem. b) human selling and/or smuggling people trafficking into other states or countries Activity 7 (SB p. 132) c) manual work that involves using your a) Main idea: 14 million Nigerian children labour physical strength between the ages of 7 and 14 are victims of child labour. d) domestic person who does housework in Supporting sentence: Of these, servant someone else’s home approximately 11 million go to school and e) sexual the practice of forcing people to work in the hours before and after school. slavery work as prostitutes for no pay b) Main idea: Nigerian children work on f) beggar someone who asks people for farms, in mines, in people’s homes, on money, usually on the street building sites, and on our streets. Supporting sentences: There they do mostly g) hawker someone who sells goods on manual labour, like picking fruit or working the street as domestic servants. Many children act as beggars and hawkers, while adults collect Grammar structure the money they make. Activity 11 (SB p. 134) Activity 8 (SB p. 132) a) I took two photographs of my friends when a) Students speak about their own experiences. they visited me last week. b) Students express their opinions. Answers can b) We were walking home as it started to rain. include the fact that families are poor and c) I painted a picture of the sunset over exploit their children, who do not have the the lake. ability to complain, in order to make money. d) I bought all the provisions for the school c) Students express their opinions. trip to the Nature Reserve. d) It would be easier for the families of the e) The patient was lying in bed when the missing children to find them if the children doctor arrived. worked closer to home. f) While we were cooking, I told them the e) Have tighter legislation, which is enforced latest news. with harsh penalties and punishments to the people employing these children.

Module 6: Child workers 39 T MODULE erm 7 Infectious diseases 2

Listening and speaking Activity 6 (SB p. 139) Activity 1 (SB p. 135) a) The risk of the virus spreading fast was very high because Lagos is a densely /æ/ – short /aː/ – long populated city. vowel sound vowel sound b) Practical training was given to health workers who were working with people exactly, cap, battery, bath, aunt, cart, bark, who were affected by the virus. Protective trap, back, canter partner, ask equipment was given to healthcare centres. c) Sawyer had a fever, was vomiting and Activity 2 (SB p. 135) had diarrhoea. d) When the first case of Ebola was diagnosed /ɒ/ – short /ɔː/ – long vowel sound vowel sound in Lagos, Nigeria, in July 2014 many people around the world became very worried at rod, frog, mop, dot, yawn, born, taught, the health risks that this involved. stop, box sport, boring, floor e) A. is a factual and objective account of the Ebola crisis Activity 3 (SB p. 136) f) C. mostly formal g) B. commend the Nigerian health system /ɒ/ /ɔː/ /æ/ /aː/ and other groups for handling the crisis dog cause mash heart so well sod dawn pattern bark h) Students express opinions e.g. It is likely that some facts have been omitted and pod snore back marsh so what is portrayed is a biased view of the event. Reading and comprehension i) There is only one clear example of Activity 5 (SB p. 137) a metaphor (‘set off alarm bells’ in paragraph 2). The reason that the writer has a) It is about an outbreak of the serious disease, not used more is probably because he or she caused by the Ebola virus, in Nigeria and is trying to give a factual account without how the country responded to the crisis. using colourful or descriptive language. b) It is an information article. The author provides facts and examples. There are Activity 7 (SB p. 140) photographs to show the event actually a) An emergency centre worked out who happened. might have been in contact with the virus. c) i) True b) Health workers were given protective ii) True equipment and practical training about how iii) False. The text said that Nigeria drew to prevent the spread of the virus. on ‘the expertise of both local and c) The media was educated about the disease international agencies’. so that inaccurate rumours did not spread. d) i) Patrick Sawyer d) Announcements were made about those ii) Eight people (seven after Sawyer) who were recovering from the disease iii) October 20 2014 so that panic about the illness could be reduced.

40 Term 2 Vocabulary Activity 11 (SB p. 141) Activity 8 (SB p. 140) a) They are laughing at the funny story. b) He is walking home. a) Measles is a common childhood disease. c) My mother is waiting for me after school. b) The doctor’s diagnosis of flu was a relief d) My brother is working on his project. because I was worried that I had malaria. e) It is raining more than usual. c) The outbreak of Ebola in West Africa took f) We are visiting our family in Lagos place in 2014. g) I am painting a picture of my sister. d) Twenty million people died worldwide in h) You are standing next to the road. the flu epidemic of 1918. e) Muyiwa has had a fever for days, but I hope Literature his temperature will drop soon. f) We were delighted at the news of the child’s Activity 14 (SB p. 143) sudden recovery. a) A myth is a story explaining how the world, g) The HI virus has spread worldwide since or life on earth, the seasons and fire etc. the 1980s. began. It includes supernatural beings like h) My friend Foluso often suffers from a gods, goddesses and heroes and animals. lung infection. (Students provide own examples.) b) A legend is usually a story about famous Grammar structure people and heroes, their adventures and Activity 9 (SB p. 141) successes. Some of the information might be true, but the abilities and achievements a) The child plays outside. of the heroes are usually exaggerated. The b) The brothers like the new song. account might include magical elements. c) The car moves quickly down the road. (Students provide own examples.) d) The teacher speaks to the misbehaving class. c) A myth is a story which often carries a lesson e) The angry driver shouts at the loud class. and helps to explain life. Myths do not e) Janice and Aysha take all their books include true, historical facts or refer to real to school. people who existed, both of which are often g) I drink a glass of water after the race. done by legends. Legends are usually told h) The heavy rain breaks most of the flowers to commemorate the lives and achievements in this flowerbed. of people regarded as great in a certain community or to remember important Activity 10 (SB p. 141) events that happened, such as a war. a) We ate ice-creams. b) They drove to the football game. c) I swam close to the shore. d) The ship sank in heavy seas. e) The dog barked at the people. f) She ran a race in this division. g) The boy fought with his friends sometimes. h) I swept the yard every morning.

Module 7: Infectious diseases 41 T MODULE erm 8 Getting information from texts 2

Listening and speaking h) It shows the Presidents of Nigeria during different periods and forms of government. Activity 1 (SB p. 144) i) Nnamdi Azikiwe a) The first syllable j) 1963 k) Three Activity 2 (SB p. 144) l) 1963–1979 (13 years) a) I ate another tomato. m) The Third Republic (one year) b) Please pass me the salt again. c) She drew a picture of a banana. Activity 7 (SB p. 149) d) I will ask the doctor why I have a a) 1st paragraph: Before going on a long car terrible headache. journey, take your car for a full check-up e) I didn’t understand the lecture. to ensure it is in a suitable condition for the road. Activity 3 (SB p. 145) 2nd paragraph: A driver who is sleepy or who has drunk some alcohol is not a /ʊ/ /uː/ /ʌ/ /ɜː/ /ə/ safe driver. OR The driver needs to be put rule cup work beggar fit and alert at all times, and should not be suffering from tiredness or the effects bush moon button surname miracle of alcohol. pull shoes come mercy balloon 3rd paragraph: Take practical steps to could school tongue Thursday doctor decrease the risk of accident or injury to you and your passengers at all times. woman monkey were number b) 1st paragraph: Things to be examined are above lights and indicators, windscreen wipers, brakes, steering, exhaust pipes and tyres. Reading and comprehension 2nd paragraph: The driver needs to be fit and alert at all times, and should not be Activity 6 (SB p. 148) suffering from tiredness or the effects of a) Ten alcohol. OR A driver who is sleepy or who b) The nasal cavity has drunk some alcohol is not a safe driver. c) The tongue 3rd paragraph: Be aware that in dark or d) The birthplaces of Nigeria’s presidents rainy conditions, driving is more dangerous; e) The birthplace of each president is shown keep within the speed limit and don’t take in a different colour on the map, so if there unnecessary risks. was more than one president born in one state, then it will have more than one colour. f) Niger (three) g) Katsina and Kano

42 Term 2 Vocabulary f) My father will finish work by five o’clock. / My father is going to finish work by five. Activity 8 (SB p. 149) g) My friend and I will play in the park after a) an irrelevant point school. / My friend and I are going to play b) a pile of non-fiction in the park after school. c) an illegible handwriting h) They will sing in next week’s concert. / d) an impractical decision They are going to sing in next week’s e) invisible signs concert. f) disobey the teacher g) an impatient leader Literature h) an inattentive class i) an illiterate audience Activity 12 (SB p. 152) j) irreplaceable possessions The Greek myth on how everything began k) a disused pair of boots According to Greek myths, in the beginning, l) a non-stop journey there was nothing but emptiness. Gaea, who represented the Earth, came and gave birth to Activity 9 (SB p. 150) Uranus, god of the heavens. a) The task that our teacher has given us is Gaea and Uranus had 12 children called illogical and I can’t understand it. Titans. Uranus was afraid that the Titans would b) The boys are unhappy because they cannot take his power. The youngest Titan, Cronus, play football at break time. killed his father, and then tried to kill his own c) The road was impassable after the heavy children. His youngest child, Zeus, overcame rain and the rockfalls. Cronus and helped the other children to escape. d) The train was rerouted to another train Zeus’s brothers were the gods Poseidon and station as the train line was flooded. Hades, and his sisters were the goddesses Hera, e) The scientist tried to disprove her competitor’s Demeter, and Hestia. theory as she wanted to win the prize. Zeus was king of the gods. Hera was his f) We were misinformed about the queen. Zeus’s children included the twins who whereabouts of the escaped lion. were Artemis (the goddess of hunting) and the g) I am already feeling the tension of sun god Apollo. Zeus was also father of the pre‑exam nerves! three Fates, who controlled human life and decided when people should die. Grammar structure In addition, Poseidon had his own kingdom, the sea. Sailors had to be careful not to offend Activity 10 (SB p. 151) him. If he was angered, he might start a storm. a) She will help him later. / She is going to Hades ruled the underworld, which is a place help him later. beneath Earth where the souls of the dead go. b) He will meet them after his run. / He is Hades kidnapped Persephone, the daughter of going to meet them after his run. Demeter, the goddess of grain. Demeter was too c) Her mother will send you the information busy searching for her child to look after the once she gets it. / Her mother is going to harvest, and people began to starve. send you the information once she gets it. Zeus ordered Hades to let Persephone go, but d) Yewande will call us when she arrives in she had eaten a little of Hades’ food. Because of Lagos. / Yewande is going to call us when that, she had to spend part of every year in the she arrives in Lagos. underworld. When Persephone is with Hades, it e) His sister will drive to Cameroon on Friday. / is winter on earth and nothing grows. When she His sister is going to drive to Cameroon returns, spring arrives. on Friday.

Module 8: Getting information from texts 43 Activity 13 (SB p. 153) d) Olodumare, Olorun, Obatala, Orisha b) Students give own choice, with a reason for e) Answers will vary. The Greek myth has a their choice. lot more gods and goddesses mentioned. c) Gaea, Uranus, Cronus, Zeus, Poseidon, The story is more complicated. Hades, Hera, Demeter, Hestia, Artemis, Apollo, Fates, Persephone

44 Term 2 T MODULE erm 9 Festivals 2

Listening and speaking Activity 7 (SB p. 157) Activity 1 (SB p. 154) a) B. Saturday b) A. red, yellow, green, purple and black Short vowel sounds c) B. male participants d) C. motorbikes, bicycles, sandals, smoking /ɪ/ mint, list, kill, minute and suku /e/ empty, many, friend, head /æ/ camp, exactly, matter, attitude Activity 8 (SB p. 158) a) True odd, cloth, modern, bottle /ɒ/ b) False. The Festival is still required if the /ʊ/ cook, should, sugar, woman Oba dies. c) True /ʌ/ mother, tough, does, tongue /ə/ lecture, better, summer, answer Activity 9 (SB p. 158) a) The masquerades proceed to the Oba’s Activity 2 (SB p. 154) Palace at Iga Idunganran, then move into the streets of Long Island, through Idumoto Long vowel sounds and Tinuba Square. They meet at Tafawa /iː/ east, deep, sweet, wheat Balewa Square, where the crowds are waiting for them. /aː/ grant, army, grass, bath b) Students give their own answers. /ɔː/ horse, draw, wall, born c) Students give their own answers. youth, grew, shoe, Tuesday /uː/ Activity 10 (SB p. 158) /ɜː/ bird, purse, search, service a) The first Eyo Festival took place to accompany the body of Oba Akintoye on Reading and comprehension 20 February 1854 to the burial site and Activity 3 (SB p. 155) commemorate his life. b) 150 years ago, the Festival occurred when It will be about the Eyo Festival, the costumes a Lagos king or chief died and a new king worn by those taking part and the route taken. was introduced. Activity 4 (SB p. 155) c) The Festival is now held mainly to attract a) A. Lagos tourists to Lagos Island and is also well b) C. play supported by locals. Activity 5 (SB p. 155) a) 20 February 1854 b) Gbedu and Koranga drums

Module 9: Festivals 45 Vocabulary Activity 13 (SB p. 159) Activity 11 (SB p. 158) a) I was reading an interesting novel for English. b) He was playing with the litter of puppies Words Meanings when one ran away. a) unique only one of this type c) Father was talking to our neighbours about the new fence when their grandparents arrived. b) cultural relating to the traditions, customs d) We were listening to the president’s speech and beliefs of a particular society when the electricity went off. c) tourists visitors to a town or country, e) They were crying about the sad news when coming to learn about the place I came. or see something new f) We were standing in the street when the d) participants people taking part in something Eyo came past us. g) He was studying architecture last year. e) festival a time when people celebrate a special event or occurrence Literature f) pretend act as if something is true Activity 15 (SB p. 162) g) veil a covering made of cloth, to hide a) The main characters in the Greek legend are someone’s face Paris, Helen, the Greek Prince, the Greek h) robe special cloak or long, loose piece soldiers and Trojan soldiers. In the Nigerian of clothing, usually worn at a legend, the main character is Jaja. special ceremony b) Answers will vary. Make sure the students give a reason for their answer. i) weird strange or bizarre c) Students’ answers will vary. j) allowed permitted (when you let d) i) Aphrodite rewarded Paris with a someone do something) beautiful woman, Helen, after he k) sandals open shoes, with the toes decided that Aphrodite was the most uncovered beautiful of the three goddesses. ii) Athena, the goddess of wisdom, assisted the Greeks to build a large wooden Grammar structure horse. This enabled them to play a trick Activity 12 (SB p. 159) on the Trojans – to enter their city and a) Our parents taught us to behave ourselves in destroy it. the company of adults. e) i) Paris (of Troy) stole the wife of another b) She held the door open for her grandmother. man, which cause the outbreak of c) She understood what the man was saying to a war between the Greeks and the her about the festival. Trojans. The war was the result of this d) I wrote an essay for school about the dishonourable act, which is the first importance of our festivals. message. The Trojans were defeated by e) My sister bought a new dress for the festival. the deception of the Greeks. The second f) Mother made a delicious supper. message is that one should not be too g) Father ran in an important race yesterday. trusting, especially during wartime. h) The sun rose early this morning! ii) Jaja used clever methods to break trading i) He caught the ball before it bounced. agreements in order to become rich. The j) The dogs fought over the bones. message is that dishonesty does not pay. k) I forgot how to spell the word It was because of his desire for wealth ‘photosynthesis’. that he conducted his business in an illegal fashion. This shows that the desire for wealth can lead to one’s downfall.

46 Term 2 T MODULE erm 10 Revision 2

PAPER I: Multiple choice 19. D. infect 20. A. autobiography (50 marks) 21. C. alert Section I: Comprehension 22. B. refresh 23. A. consumed (6 marks) (p. 164) 24. E. alcohol 1. C. and she was a popular teacher 25. D. practical 2. A. helped her family expand their land and 26. E. decrease their trade of goods 27. A. limit 3. D. had the opportunity to get married but 28. D. unnecessary decided not to 4. E. gentle Section IV: Grammatical 5. B. led an army against the British to fight for Ghana’s freedom accuracy (SB p. 167) (22 marks) 6. C. had great ability and were respected in 29. E. felt their times 30. B. tremendously 31. E. of Section II: Spoken English 32. C. by 33. A. come (8 marks) (p. 166) 34. B. find 7. C. dark 35. C. in 8. B. tongs 36. A. a descriptive adjective 9. D. draw 37. D. an adverb of manner 10. C. wood 38. C. most successful 11. B. cousin 39. D. were standing 12. A. soup 40. C. are attending 13. E. earth 41. E. an adverb of frequency 14. A. wonder 42. B. taught 43. A. Unless Section III: Vocabulary 44. C. his 45. A. its development (p. 166) (14 marks) 46. C. those 15. D. too 47. E. Who’s 16. C. -ion 48. E. brought 17. E. im- 49. D. an adverb of manner 18. B. melodious 50. A. will

Module 10: Revision 47 TERM 3

Module 1: Air transport Module 6: The job of teaching

Module 2: Let’s go fi shing Module 7: Forests

Module 3: In the kitchen Module 8: Drug abuse

Module 4: Medical conditions Module 9: The busiest day of my life

Module 5: Good values Module 10: Revision

48 Term 3 T MODULE erm 1 Air transport 3

Listening and speaking b) False. Many jets are not registered in Nigeria. c) False. They usually don’t talk about these Activity 2 (SB p. 170) things so as not to attract attention. a) Beware of the hare who is sitting there on d) True the stairs. e) True b) Clare, who goes everywhere in her f) False. Both men own four jets. wheelchair, has beautiful hair. g) False. The owner used to be the governor of c) I am unaware of the price of the airfare Abia State. to Niger. d) The pair of millionaires shared a pear. Activity 9 (SB p. 172) e) He repaired the tear in the armchair. Students express their own opinions. f) I put it there in the square. g) She had a spare hat for me to wear to Activity 10 (SB p. 173) the airport. The luxury plane, Dassault Falcon 900 has a h) I would not dare to go to the scary film passenger area which includes a bathroom, without my parents. mini-bar, a space where up to four people can have a business meeting and a large couch that Activity 3 (SB p. 171) can be turned into a bed. a) Beware, hare, there, stairs b) Clare, everywhere, wheelchair, hair Vocabulary c) unaware, airfare, Niger Activity 11 (SB p. 173) d) pair, millionaires, shared, pear e) repaired, tear, armchair a) My friend’s son hopes to get a job in an f) there, square aviation factory. g) spare, wear, airport b) Isikwe looked at the schedule to see what h) dare, scary, parents time his flight leaves. c) The owner of the luxurious Falcon 900 showed us her jet proudly. Reading and comprehension e) The amount of luggage that a passenger can Activity 4 (SB p. 171) take on a plane is restricted to 23 kg. Answers will vary, but here is an example of a f) SkyLines is a very profitable commercial possible prediction sentence: The private luxury airline. jets owned by some extremely wealthy Nigerians. Grammar structure Activity 6 (SB p. 171) Activity 12 (SB p. 174) a) Bombadier Global Express XRS a) Arik Air was started in 2002 by Sir b) 16 Arumemi-Ikhide. c) Four b) New aircraft are being bought by the airline d) Aliko Dangote this year. c) Drinks were served to the passengers during Activity 8 (SB p. 172) the flight. a) True d) New rules will be put in place to ensure the safety of passengers.

Module 1: Air transport 49 e) The airline was awarded the Company Activity 16 (SB p. 175) of the Year 2019 award at the Leadership Informative essay Annual Conference in Abuja. Activity 17 (SB p. 175) Activity 13 (SB p. 174) Yes. It has a clear introduction and conclusion, a) Past simple tense with three body paragraphs. b) Present continuous tense c) Past simple tense Activity 18 (SB p. 175) d) Future simple tense Each paragraph is structured correctly and e) Past simple tense logically, and together, the paragraphs form a Activity 14 (SB p. 174) logical, coherent essay. Each paragraph follows the rule of moving from general ideas to more a) Arik Air was started in 2002 by specific ideas. Sir Arumemi-Ikhide. b) Two private jets are owned by Aliko Dangote. c) The Gulfstream V was flown by the Literature young pilot. Activity 20 (SB p. 177) d) Five new jets were bought by the airline. e) The passengers are served by the crew. Features Definitions a) Setting the place where something Writing is or where something Activity 15 (SB p. 174) happens in a story b) Plot the things that happen in Essay types Descriptions a story a) Narrative tells a story or gives a c) Characterisation the way that people are essay description of a series of events described in a story b) Descriptive describes something or d) Style the way that an author writes essay someone, especially in a detailed, interesting way that e) Theme the main subject or topic appeals to the reader’s senses of a story c) Argumentative tries to persuade the reader essay to agree with a particular opinion or way of thinking d) Informative informs the reader by essay explaining or discussing a specific topic or idea

50 Term 3 T MODULE erm 2 Let’s go fishing 3

Listening and speaking Reading and comprehension Activity 2 (SB p. 178) Activity 4 (SB p. 179) a) sound:/ɪə/ hear, clearly A fishing festival or competition in Nigeria /eɪ/ sound: today b) /ɪə/ sound: here, clearly Activity 6 (SB pp. 179) /eɪ/ sound: train a) True c) /ɪə/ sound: year, ideas b) True d) /ɪə/ sound: atmosphere, clear c) False. They use both gourds and hand nets. /eɪ/ sound: rain d) False. It took four men to carry the fish. e) /ɪə/ sound: engineer, career e) True f) /ɪə/ sound: beard f) False. They were expecting the competition /eɪ/ sound: grey to be bigger. g) /eɪ/ sound: explained, play, game Activity 8 (SB p. 181) Activity 3 (SB p. 179) a) It happens every year. b) Matan Fadan River /ɪə/ dipthong /eɪ/ dipthong c) The order of the fishing competition is hear prey as follows: Fishermen carry their fishing weary train equipment to the river. A gun shot signals the start of the competition. Then, fishermen nearly rain race towards the water and leap into year face the river. real lace d) They use the fact that it is a narrow river to drive the fish closer together and into the idea trace shallow river. ear play e) Fishermen struggled to find spots on the river banks because there were too many clear tray competitors. deer day f) Kebbi State has strengthened Sharia law here weigh (Islamic law) in the last few years, so women are not allowed to enter or attend dear break the event. fear chain g) The author thinks it is a problem because he or she says, ‘One solution to this ...’. weary sail h) The students should identify the key words cheer laid that signal the reason for the competition brain not being moved, ‘Reason being that the local economy is boosted by the festival in various ways’ or to explain the reason in their own words.

Module 2: Let’s go fishing 51 i) People visit the night market and the Grammar structure sporting events held at it, and so they pay for entertainment and food there. Activity 12 (SB p. 183) j) Students give their own opinion. a) Madu and Ebo packed their fishing rods and food. Activity 9 (SB p. 181) b) Their mother made them the food. The fishing festival is an event in which c) The boys carried their fishing equipment many men participate, although women are down to the river. not allowed, and it is attended by high-level d) Their father gave them the fishing government officials. It brings in a lot of money equipment. for the area. e) The boys put bait on their hooks. Vocabulary f) Madu was the first one to catch a fish. g) Ebo drank water from the river. Activity 10 (SB p. 182) h) The brothers caught three fish. Terms Definitions i) They cleaned and prepared their catch. a) angler a person who fishes with a j) The family ate fresh fish for dinner. rod and a reel b) bait food that is used to attract Literature fish to the hook or trap Activity 14 (SB p. 184) c) cast using a rod to throw line and a) The large, stone eating hall bait into the water b) The setting is a hall that only has a ‘copper’ d) catch-and- recreational fishing: catching at one end. The conditions are poor and release a fish and letting it go desperate. c) They licked the bowls clean as they were e) shore-fishing to fish from the banks or beach; not from a boat given so little to eat and could not afford to waste any of it. Activity 11 (SB p. 182) d) Students’ answers will vary. They can link back to the preamble, but preferably should a) highlight extrapolate from the text only. b) stagger e) Hunger and poverty c) hoist f) Students’ answers will vary, but they d) scales should agree that Dickens’s own childhood e) struggled experience of living on his own while the f) participate rest of his family was in debtors’ prison had a huge impact on him. It is likely that for a time his life was similar to the one described in this extract.

52 Term 3 T MODULE erm 3 In the kitchen 3

Listening and speaking Activity 8 (SB p. 189) Activity 4 (SB p. 187) Purpose Examples cause and effect consequently, so, resulted /ɔɪ/ sound /aɪ/ sound in, as a result, because soil time comparisons and even when, however soybeans shine contrasts, alternatives royal might descriptions or such as, include, such, destroy why explanations also oil try problems and another problem solutions annoying kite sequence/ after, since then, since noise bike chronological order toy child Activity 9 (SB p. 189) boys hiking a) True join exercise b) False. It says they are ‘continually join (repeat) might (repeat) expanding’. c) True voice d) False. They believe that technical skills are what are needed in the job market. Reading and comprehension Activity 10 (SB p. 189) Activity 5 (SB p. 187) a) Nine A successful business that produces quick meals b) They saw a need for quick, healthy meals Activity 6 (SB p. 187) and wanted to increase their earnings, so as to provide a bigger income for themselves, a) Information text their mother and siblings. b) Both past and present simple tense c) Its aim is ‘to deliver fresh meals on time to c) Non-fiction workers at an acceptable profit margin that allows us to achieve sustainable growth.’ d) They worked as cleaners, security guards and housekeepers. e) Youth often go into businesses because others are being successful in those businesses, and not because they are passionate about them.

Module 3: In the kitchen 53 Activity 11 (SB p. 190) Words Meanings a) They aim to deliver affordable, punctual h) establish to start a company or and fresh meals which will allow organisation satisfactory growth of the company. b) The company secured an investment i) industrial to do with or used in the of 20 million naira to fund their office industry (in this case, the food renovation and new heavy-duty cooking preparation industry) equipment. In addition, they bought a new delivery van to improve efficiency. Grammar structure c) However, Titus and Tobias recommend Activity 14 (SB p. 191) that youth hoping to become entrepreneurs do not enter a business which does not a) The/their siblings were supported by inspire them, simply because others have the twins. succeeded in it. b) Speedmeals Mobile Kitchen was started by Titus and Tobias. Vocabulary c) An investment was sourced by the company. Activity 12 (SB p. 190) d) New equipment was bought by the brothers. a) assistants e) New businesses were established by b) fellow staff members unemployed youths. c) tasty d) unemployed Activity 15 (SB p. 191) e) entrepreneur a) The twins f) purchase b) Titus and Tobias c) The company Activity 13 (SB p. 190) d) The brothers e) Unemployed youths Words Meanings a) catering the job of providing food and Activity 16 (SB p. 191) drinks for people a) The chef. b) sustainable able to continue over a period The chef used a sharp knife to chop of time the onions. b) Ada. c) baking the process of making bread, Ada rinsed the vegetables before she cakes etc. cooked them. d) mobile be able to move or be moved c) My father. easily My father cooked the meat. e) renovation repairing and decorating a d) Isikwe. building that is old and in bad Isikwe swallowed the last piece of cake in condition one mouthful. e) My grandmother. f) unhygienic not clean in a way that may My grandmother served a delicious meal cause disease for my birthday. g) canteen a restaurant in an office, factory or school

54 Term 3 Literature c) Yes, ‘near’ is an adverb, modifying the word ‘swimming’. Activity 19 (SB p. 193) d) It means that some fish take risks and swim a) It builds suspense and creates a tense mood too close to the shark. or sense of foreboding (fearful anticipation). e) Creates a pause, which increases the anxiety/ b) No punctuation at all in first seven lines, anticipation/suspense in the moment. and lines 9 to 14. Students should note two f) Fisherman examples. Meaning is affected as they can g) Yes, the shark doesn’t need flies and bait to choose how to ‘construct’ the sentences, i.e. achieve the same end result, i.e. catching make them longer or shorter, depending on fish. Meaning that the shark is more skilled how they interpret what the poet is saying. than the fisherman (or not, but this appears to be the poet’s opinion).

Module 3: In the kitchen 55 T MODULE erm 4 Medical conditions 3

Listening and speaking f) i) Teenagers and young adults ii) extremely: severely Activity 5 (SB p. 196) tiredness: fatigue high temperature: fever sound sound sound /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ signs: symptoms sure goat cow transmittable: infectious cure both brown spit: saliva g) Students’ answers will vary. during road how tourist hope clown Activity 8 (SB p. 199) Europe home flower a) B. standing in front of the couch furious throat drought b) B. the cabinet next to the bed c) C. the couch and a trolley poor toe endure show Activity 9 (SB p. 199) insecurity jokes C. to describe the sick bay moor coast Vocabulary boat most Activity 10 (SB p. 199) grow Words Meanings a) thermometer instrument used to Reading and comprehension measure temperatures Activity 6 (SB p. 197) b) stethoscope instrument used to listen a) horizontal to the heart and lungs b) immediately c) sphygmo ­ instrument used to c) glandular fever manometer measure blood pressure d) three d) antihistamines tablets that you take for e) trolley allergic reactions Activity 7 (SB p. 197) e) glandular related to the glands a) Students’ drawings will vary but must f) syringe instrument with a needle contain all of the listed items and in their used for injections correct places. b) Students’ answers will vary. c) ‘at the head of’: the place where the head is put; ‘at the foot of’: the place where the feet are put d) on the other, facing side; at 180 degrees e) in a line that is horizontal (not vertical)

56 Term 3 Activity 11 (SB p. 199) Activity 15 (SB p. 201) (Pictures from left to right) a) The Ebola virus killed many people. a) thermometer b) The virus attacked her throat. b) stethoscope c) The doctor took Abeo’s temperature c) sphygmomanometer d) I thought something had stung me. e) Antibiotics cannot treat a virus. Grammar structure Activity 12 (SB p. 200) Literature a) The nurse checked my temperature before Activity 18 (SB p. 202) lunch. a) Not clearly stated b) The syringe lay on the table. b) The main moral lesson/message is that c) The nurse stood beside the doctor. one must not pass on one’s responsibilities to others. One cannot blame others for d) His heart was thumping in his chest. carrying out our responsibilities imperfectly. e) The doctor put his stethoscope under my c) There is more than one moral lesson. shirt to hear my heart. Communication requires effective listening and speaking skills, not just speaking skills. Activity 13 (SB p. 200) Messages often become garbled if we a) The nurse gave me a headache tablet. have not listened carefully to what others b) Most diseases respond to medication are saying. very well. d) The tone is matter of fact, i.e. unemotional. c) Many children die from curable diseases all Students’ answers will vary regarding why over the world. the author chose that tone. Give marks for d) The World Health Organization monitors well-reasoned answers. the Ebola virus every year. Activity 14 (SB p. 201) a) the Ebola virus b) the virus c) the doctor d) something e) antibiotics

Module 4: Medical conditions 57 T MODULE erm 5 Good values 3

Listening and speaking Activity 9 (SB p. 206) Activity 4 (SB p. 205) a) Students’ answers will vary. They should be able to identify that the piece attempts to be Voiced Unvoiced objective and is serious. b) Against. Students can choose one of many beach peach possible statements in the text. feed feet c) Accurate. Students should be able to cite the bug buck examples and interviews given in support of statements made. rise rice d) No, the author takes a clear stand against zoo sue cultism. vine fine Activity 10 (SB p. 207) down town a) False. Cults are discouraged because they bark park cause disruptions on university campuses. b) True zip sip c) False. Cult members have to follow cult girl curl leaders’ instructions without question. goat coat d) False. New cult members follow a process of orientation and initiation. vat fat e) False. Membership has a negative impact on students’ lives and their academic Reading and comprehension success. f) True Activity 5 (SB p. 205) g) True Problems related to cults on Nigerian campuses h) Students’ answers may vary. They are likely to say they agree with it. Activity 6 (SB p. 205) a) The problems created by students joining Activity 11 (SB p. 208) cults and the attempts to solve this problem a) The virus of both diseases can be passed b) Causes and proposed solutions to the through the mixing of blood from one increase in cults at university and the person to the next. violence associated with them b) They have a need to ‘belong’ to a group c) Non-fiction and feel a sense of identity; they lack self- esteem; they are bored and are fascinated by Activity 7 (SB p. 205) the violence and bizarre rituals associated a) Arson, sexual harassment, rape, murder and with cults. armed robbery c) By having a strict policy, rigorously b) HIV/AIDS; hepatitis B followed, of expelling those who are c) Auchi Polytechnic members of a cult and banning them from d) Dr. Philipa Idogho all universities in the country for a number e) Surajudeen Oyebode of years.

58 Term 3 d) ‘Sound’ means ‘strong’ or ‘firm’. Moral Activity 17 (SB p. 211) values refer to what you believe about a) Cults were banned from many universities what is important or not concerning your in the 1990s. lifestyle. These beliefs will influence the b) Dress regulations were introduced by way you live, the goals which you have and universities so that students returned to how you treat others. traditional values. e) Students give their own opinions. c) Rules were broken by some students and Activity 12 (SB p. 208) they were expelled from college. d) The new students were taken around a) Cults insist that their members obey all their campus by the rector. commands. (Answers may vary.) e) The rules were written by the student b) In addition, the heads of universities representatives and were approved by immediately expel any student if they the registrar. discover that he or she is a member of a cult and this seriously affects their future Literature careers. (Answers may vary.) Activity 22 (SB p. 213) Vocabulary a) Onomatopoeia; assonance Activity 13 (SB p. 208) b) Personification; alliteration c) Personification a) peaceful d) Alliteration b) chaos e) Assonance; personification c) ritual f) Hyperbole d) impact e) rival Activity 24 (SB p. 214) f) banned a) i) ‘My head is exhausted today/The petrol Activity 14 (SB p. 208) inside has run out.’ ii) ‘green field’; ‘geese cease’ a) The rector of the university has the right to iii) ‘My brain wants to go out and play.’ expel any students who break the rules. iv) ‘grey geese graze … gazing’ b) One of the rituals of a cult is the blood oath. b) The poet can no longer remember c) Some universities have implemented rules the answers. to discourage cults on campus. c) The rhythm is created by the use of both d) Cult members may intimidate other students assonance and alliteration; it is soothing by threatening them. as there are repeated sounds that are also e) There was total chaos when the police predictable. arrived on the scene. d) The tone is frustrated and miserable; the f) Confraternities are secret student groups choice of words reflects this, for example that have recently been involved in illegal ‘fed up’, ‘run out’, ‘tight’ and ‘sad’. activities. e) I look until the grey geese stop doing what they are doing. Grammar structure Activity 15 (SB p. 210) Students use a word or phrase from each column of the substitution table to compose sentences in the passive voice. Note that their answers include the correct form of the verb ‘to be’.

Module 5: Good values 59 T MODULE erm 6 The job of teaching 3

Listening and speaking c) Mr. Okonkwo d) 15 years Activity 1 (SB p. 216) a) C. bring Activity 6 (SB p. 217) b) B. match a) Using physical force to punish someone c) A. special b) Something which occurred in the past no d) A. chocolate longer happens e) B. measure c) Some children begin to use violence f) D. jeans themselves. Others more easily become g) C. thanks depressed, aggressive or start abusing h) C. breathe substances. Other children lose a sense of self-worth (feeling ashamed of themselves) Activity 2 (SB p. 216) and become fearful and anxious. a) The long, thin shark swam in the ocean. d) He praises his students. /ð/ /ŋ//θ/ /ʃ/ /ʃ/ e) It focuses on unacceptable behavior. b) I watch a special television show on f) It is not as successful in achieving the aim /ʧ/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /ʃ/ of reducing bad or unacceptable behavior as Thursday evenings. positive methods are. /θ/ /ŋ/ g) Students’ answers will vary. Give marks for c) I usually eat lunch with my father. well-reasoned opinions. /ʃ/ /ʧ/ /θ/ /ð/ h) Students’ answers will vary. Give marks for d) My birthday is on the fifth of June. well-reasoned opinions. /θ/ /ð/ /θ/ /ʤ/ e) This morning I put a chicken in the fridge. Activity 7 (SB p. 218) /ŋ/ /ʧ/ /ʤ/ Para. 1: Class teachers in Nigeria are finding new ways of disciplining students in Reading and comprehension their classrooms now that they are no longer allowed to administer corporal Activity 3 (SB p. 216) punishment. Positive and constructive aspects of education Para. 2: In the past, teachers often resorted to within schools physical punishment to control student behaviour. Activity 4 (SB p. 216) Para. 3: Teachers have found that reinforcing a) A newspaper article good behaviour is far more effective in b) It has a positive message. It explains that controlling and engaging students. you can encourage students to work harder Para. 4: Nigerian teachers have realised that by using positive methods, such as praise, positive discipline is a more effective instead of corporal punishment. way to manage misbehaving students in the classroom, rather than using Activity 5 (SB p. 216) punishment. a) 24 October 2019 b) Slapping, spanking and kicking

60 Term 3 Vocabulary f) Corporal punishment isn’t necessary, is it? g) If we spare the rod, then we’ll spoil the Activity 8 (SB p. 219) child, won’t we? a) class teacher h) I couldn’t be quieter in class if I tried, b) corporal could I? c) depression d) administer Writing e) aggressiveness f) punishment Activity 12 (SB p. 220) a) Argumentative essay. It is an essay that Grammar structure tries to persuade the reader to agree with a particular opinion or way of thinking. Activity 10 (SB p. 220) b) Narrative essay. It is an essay that tells a) Teachers are frustrated, aren’t they? a story or gives a description of a series b) School children don’t respect authority, of events. do they? c) Informative essay. It is an essay that c) Class teachers mustn’t hit children, informs the reader by explaining or must they? discussing a specific topic or idea. d) Parents should discipline their children, d) Descriptive essay. This describes shouldn’t they? something, especially in a detailed, e) I never disobey my teachers, do I? interesting way.

Module 6: The job of teaching 61 T MODULE erm 7 Forests 3

Listening and speaking Reading and comprehension Activity 1 (SB p. 222) Activity 4 (SB p. 224) a) Different places within Cross River State, Words Separate Number of including the river and national parks, and syllables syllables places on its borders a) cat cat one b) Students’ answers will vary but they should b) catastrophe ca-tas-tro-phe four refer to the national parks as they are mentioned in the caption of the map. c) delicious de-lic-ious three d) entrepreneur en-trep-ren-eur four Activity 5 (SB p. 224) e) catering cat-er-ing three a) Non-fiction b) That there are few Cross River gorillas left f) unhygienic un-hy-gien-ic four in the world g) establish es-tab-lish three c) To make people aware that these gorillas face the threat of extinction h) renovation re-no-va-tion four i) canteen can-teen two Activity 6 (SB p. 225) j) helper help-er two a) Gorilla gorilla diehli b) Less than 300 k) Nigeria Ni-ger-i-a four c) Cameroon l) diagnosis di-ag-no-sis four d) Global Forest Watch m) million mill-i-on three e) The crowned guenon and the grey-cheeked mangabey n) area a-re-a three f) Cross River National Park; International o) populated pop-u-lat-ed four Union for Conservation of Nature p) virus vir-us two Activity 7 (SB p. 225) q) world world one a) Cross River National Park Oban division, Okangwo division, Oban Hills division Activity 2 (SB p. 223) b) Benue State, Ebonyi State, Abia State, Nigeria commercial Akwa Ibom State, Republic of Cameroon aviation fishing Activity 9 (SB p. 226) competition available a) False. The Cross River gorilla is critically organisation industrial endangered. b) False. Cross River gorillas live in small opportunity important family groups. c) False. Cross River gorillas eat the fruit, leaves, stems and bark of plants and trees. d) True

62 Term 3 e) False. The future of the Cross River gorillas Vocabulary that live in the Cross River National Park is not secure; even inside the park, wildlife is Activity 13 (SB p. 226) threatened by forest loss and poaching. Words Meanings f) True g) False. The grey-cheeked mangabey is extinct. a) endangered an animal or plant species h) True that may soon not exist because there are very few Activity 10 (SB p. 226) now alive Students’ answers will vary. Note: the original b) deforestation the cutting down of trees in a title of the article was ‘Critically endangered large area or the destruction gorillas threatened by deforestation’. of forests by people c) extinct no longer existing Activity 11 (SB p. 226) d) zoological to do with the scientific study a) • The habitat of the gorillas is threatened of animals because people are cutting down e) habitat the natural environment in many trees. which an animal or plant • Some gorillas are poached by people usually lives for food. b) Students’ answers will vary. f) decade a period of ten years c) They could reduce poaching by policing the g) logging the activity of cutting down area better. They could discuss the problem of trees in order to use their deforestation and what can be done about it. wood h) poaching catching or killing animals Activity 12 (SB p. 227) without permission on Para. 1: Cameroon is home to one of the most someone else’s land endangered animals in the world. i) bushmeat meat from African wild Para. 2: Cross River gorillas look similar to animals used as food by Western Lowland gorillas, but have humans small differences in their skulls and j) conservationist a person who works for the teeth size. protection of plants, animals Para. 3: Researchers estimate that there are and natural areas between 200 and 300 of these gorillas left. OR Grammar structure The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the Cross River Activity 14 (SB p. 228) Gorilla on its Red List, which is a list of a) Are gorillas endangered? animals at risk of becoming extinct. b) Is their survival in question? Para. 4: Traditionally, Cameroonians have c) Do they live in small family groups? protected the Cross River Gorilla. d) Hasn’t it become difficult for the apes in Para. 5: Female Cross River gorillas give birth recent years? once every four to six years, which slows e) Isn’t law enforcement weak? attempts to increase their numbers. f) Hasn’t Nigeria become one of the countries Para. 6: Another threat to these gorillas is the with the highest rate of deforestation in difculty of law enforcement. the world? Para. 7: The Cross River National Park is working actively to conserve the gorillas.

Module 7: Forests 63 g) Is wildlife threatened by forest loss and f) Female gorillas only give birth once every poaching? four or five years – when h) Hasn’t hunting in the area led to the g) Cross River gorillas live in small family extinction of at least two ape species? groups – how h) Life has become difficult for these apes in Activity 15 (SB p. 228) recent years – when Students’ answers will vary. a) Some gorillas were sighted in the 1980s – Literature when b) Fewer than 300 Cross River gorillas live in Activity 18 (SB p. 230) the wild – where a) Simile: the tree; the wind c) The gorilla population is scattered over an b) Metaphor: my best friend; a peach area of about 12 000 square kilometres of c) Simile: some teachers; dragons forest – where d) Metaphor: the raindrops; a glass necklace d) The gorilla is protected by the law – how e) Metaphor: the clouds; puffs of cotton wool e) Poachers are able to escape across the f) Simile: I; old man border – where

64 Term 3 T MODULE erm 8 Drug abuse 3

Listening and speaking d) The state commander of the NDLEA e) Cannabis, cocaine Activity 2 (SB p. 231) a) threat Activity 8 (SB p. 233) b) rank a) D. many of the city residents moved away c) toddler from the city after 178 people died in d) throat one day in a series of bomb blasts and e) skate shooting sprees f) flask b) C. many local factories and tanneries have g) schedule closed down h) scheme c) B. to escape from their own lives for a while i) play d) A. will try anything to get high j) black k) eleventh Activity 9 (SB p. 234) l) aircraft a) It has changed from a thriving and m) think prosperous area to a place where there n) scholarship is a high unemployment rate and serious social problems, such as drug and other Reading and comprehension substance abuse. Activity 3 (SB p. 232) b) About four times c) Possible answer: It is harder to treat a) True addiction to these drugs because the effects b) False. School attendance dropped after are not as well-known. Sharia law was imposed. d) Students give their own opinions. Answers c) False. This is hard to prove and is largely could include the idea that if young an opinion, but the text suggests that drug people find fulfillment and interest from abuse increased after the introduction of participating in sport, and focus on training Sharia law. and getting a job, they are less likely to turn to drugs. Activity 4 (SB p. 232) e) Students give their own opinions. The last The increase in drug abuse in Nigeria, sentence means: The only way to solve the particularly among the youth problem of the high rate of drug addiction is to reduce the social problems which lead to Activity 5 (SB p. 232) the drug abuse. a) Students’ own answers b) Non-fiction Activity 10 (SB p. 234) c) The Internet Topic sentences Para. 1: In 2000, however, when Boko Haram Activity 6 (SB p. 232) came on the scene and Sharia was a) 178 introduced, many traders and non- b) 31,3% Muslims moved away from the area. c) Lagos

Module 8: Drug abuse 65 Para. 2: Unemployment in Kano is high and c) poverty many people turn to drugs to help them d) drug addiction escape the harsh reality of their lives. e) abusing Para. 3: Amadu Graba, state commander of f) trafficking of drugs the National Drug Law Enforcement g) vocational training centres Agency (NDLEA), says that drug h) social strata addiction is a very serious problem in Kano. Grammar structure Para. 4: In addition to conventional drugs such as cannabis, methamphetamine and Activity 12 (SB p. 236) cocaine, drug users have begun abusing a) The banana is eaten by Yetunde. less conventional substances, including b) Cannabis is smoked by children. the fumes of liquids such as glue, petrol, c) Drug abuse is fought by the NDLEA. nail polish and paint. d) The television was switched on by Para. 5: The NDLEA has teamed up with the Ndubuisi. Nigerian police, the department of state e) A vocational training centre was built by the security, customs, immigration, and community. Hisbah (which enforces Islamic law) to fight drug abuse and the trafficking of Activity 13 (SB p. 236) drugs in Kano. a) unemployment Para. 6: The only effective way of tackling the b) the police issue of drug addiction is to deal with the social problems that underlie it. Activity 14 (SB p. 236) a) Morenike is wearing a red dress. Main idea b) The mother is feeding her baby. Para. 1: When Boko Haram became active and c) My mother cooks dinner every day. Sharia law was introduced in 2000, d) Ronke cleaned the house last week. many businessmen and non-Muslims e) I wrote the letter. moved away. Para. 2: Because unemployment is high, many Activity 15 (SB p. 237) people take drugs to escape their problems. Para. 3: The state commander of the National a) The children wrote the rules themselves. Drug Law Enforcement Agency b) She made the decision for herself. (NDLEA) stated that drug addiction is c) I found the job myself. serious in Kano. Para. 4: People use both conventional and less Literature common drugs. Activity 19 (SB p. 238) Para. 5: The NDLEA is working with other organisations, government and police a) Education is a river. bodies to oppose the sale and use of drugs. b) Drug abuse is like a demon. Para. 6: One has to solve the social problems c) The boys looked at the child who was a leaf leading to drug abuse first, if one wants in the gutter. to reduce drug addiction. d) He is a gorilla. e) Smoking is like a temptress. f) The sky was like a weeping child. Vocabulary g) His father was as wise and strong as a Activity 11 (SB p. 234) wizard. a) prosperous h) The town is an empty desert. b) unemployment rate

66 Term 3 T MODULE erm 9 The busiest day of my life 3

Listening and speaking Activity 7 (SB p. 240) Activity 1 (SB p. 239) Students’ answers will vary. The answer could be similar to the following: The story is about doubt, hymn, debt, scent, wrinkle, condemn, Ngozi’s 15th birthday, which was the busiest gnat, school, chaos, soften, gnaw, bristle, wrong, day of her life. Her birthday was memorable plumber, wreck, reign, kneel, design, wriggle, and happy because her entire family and all her limb, bomb, scene, receipt, wrap friends helped to make it a lovely day. Activity 2 (SB p. 239) Activity 8 (SB p. 240) a) I pulled a muscle in my calf when I climbed a) ‘I was as hungry as a wolf.’(simile: I; wolf) onto the roof. ‘The town was a sleeping dog.’(metaphor: b) I knocked on the door of the science lab but town; sleeping dog) there was no answer. b) The sun. The sun is personified in the words c) I like Science because it teaches you about ‘touched lovingly by the golden light of Chemistry. the sun’. This suggests that the sun can d) The name of the psychiatrist was on a sign. feel human emotions, such as love, when it e) I knew the answer. touched the town ‘lovingly’. c) The tone is happy and lighthearted; Reading and comprehension students’ reasons will vary. d) The author uses subjective, detailed, descriptive Activity 3 (SB p. 240) language and positive imagery to tell the The text is about a girl celebrating her 15th story of the birthday. The mood is happy. birthday (see the balloons in the picture) with e) Positive. Of course, a 15th birthday friends and family. celebration is a special celebration in Nigeria. f) ‘But’ is a signal word. It signals an Activity 4 (SB p. 240) alternative explanation/opinion to the a) Four statement that preceded it. b) It will describe her 15th birthday and how g) She woke up early because she was excited, she celebrated it. and there was a lot to do. h) There are many possible facts that students Activity 5 (SB p. 240) can give, but here are three of the most The busiest day of Ngozi’s life was her birthday. important ones: • She had a big party for about a hundred Activity 6 (SB p. 240) of her friends and family. a) 15 • There was a big feast with a roast cow as b) 100 the main dish. c) The writer, her mother and sisters • She danced for hours. d) Beef (cow) i) Her birthday was on a Saturday./There is no e) Saturday school on Saturdays. j) It was a success: ‘the happiest one’ or ‘just as memorable’. k) Descriptive l) Adjectives

Module 9: The busiest day of my life 67 Activity 9 (SB p. 242) Grammar structure There are many possible answers for some Activity 13 (SB p. 243) of these questions. Here are some examples of answers. Check that students have given Common Proper noun Collective noun appropriate answers. noun a) busiest/fullest/happiest a) island Lagos Island a group of islands b) I/me/we c) fun/attention b) mountain Mount a range of d) beautiful/golden/delicious Dimlang mountains e) my c) book Robinson a library of books f) sun/bed/window Crusoe g) more exquisite/happier d) person Nneka Egbuna a crowd of people h) Nigeria i) before/with e) bird Black Eagle A flock of birds Activity 10 (SB p. 242) Activity 14 (SB p. 244) a) The purpose was to describe what an a) My brother says that kindness is more enjoyable and exciting day she had, shared by important than success. (Common noun: friends and family, and how special she felt. brother; Abstract nouns: kindness, success) b) Para. 1: The writer awoke early, while most b) My greatest wish is for peace in Africa. people were still asleep, because (Abstract nouns: wish, peace, Proper she had a lot of preparation to do. noun: Africa) Para. 2: It was her 15th birthday and about c) The woman looked at the baby with pride. 100 guests were expected, so she (Common nouns: woman, baby; Abstract and her family prepared a feast of noun: pride) beef and rice. d) Kunle enjoys the beauty of nature. Para. 3: The guests were beautifully dressed (Common noun: nature; Abstract noun: and brought presents; they enjoyed beauty, Proper noun: Kunle) the meal and the evening of dancing. e) This book says that love is greater than fear. Para. 4: She was very tired, but happy, at the (Common noun: book; Abstract nouns: end of the party, which ended late. love, fear) Activity 15 (SB p. 245) Vocabulary a) She began to study a week before the exams. Activity 11 (SB p. 243) b) That cost you dearly, didn’t it? a) beautiful c) The teacher became very angry when the b) empty children didn’t listen to her yesterday. c) quiet d) I meant to show you how to solve those d) excited fractions in our lesson last week. e) big/large/huge e) My mother woke up last Sunday to the f) delicious sound of me making breakfast. Activity 12 (SB p. 243) a) entire b) exquisite c) exhausted d) big e) memorable

68 Term 3 Activity 16 (SB p. 245) Activity 19 (SB. 247) a) The phrase ‘money down the drain’ usually Adjective Comparative Superlative refers to wasting money on a useless or a) pretty prettier prettiest unsuccessful project. In this case, the money indirectly went down the drain of b) beautiful more beautiful most beautiful the sink because it was spent on detergent c) many more most which went down the plughole. d) narrow narrower narrowest b) The speaker means ‘two years old’, but could be understood as ‘two people’ (twins). e) generous more generous most generous c) To be ‘stumped’ means to be unable to f) handsome more most answer a question. In cricket, it also means handsome handsome when the ball knocks the bails off the three g) taller taller tallest stumps which form the wicket, thus causing the batsman to be dismissed. h) strange stranger strangest d) To be hoarse means to have a sore throat and therefore make a gruff noise with one’s Literature voice. Here it sounds as if it is saying that the pony is actually a horse. Activity 18 (SB. 247) e) ‘Means the world to her’ is a way of Column 1 Column 2 saying that something is very precious and means a huge amount to one. This is a pun a) What is the One leaves its shed; because the Geography teacher teaches difference between a the other sheds its about the Earth. train and a tree? leaves. b) What colour is the Blew (blue) Activity 20 (SB. 247) wind? Column 1 Column 2 c) Why can’t a bicycle Because it is too tired … own? (tyred). a) They let him go because They fired him he wasn’t doing his job d) What is black and A newspaper. properly. white and red (read) b) He is economical with He is lying. all over? the truth. e) What parts of a river The sauce (source) and c) He is a couch potato. He is lazy. can you eat? the currants (currents) d) He eats a lot, so he is well- He is fat. f) Where does a Back four (for) seconds. covered. clock go when it is (It goes to get a second hungry? helping.) e) She borrowed money from She stole money. her mother without asking. g) Why was the man Because he could not stuck in debt? budge it (budget). h) Why did the cat Because of its bark. jump off the tree?

Module 9: The busiest day of my life 69 T MODULE erm 10 Revision 3

PAPER I: Multiple choice Section III: Vocabulary (80 marks) development (p. 251) (25 marks) Section I: Comprehension 26. D. safety (p. 248) (10 marks) 27. C. compliment 28. E. doctors Passage I (5 marks) 29. A. switches on 1. C. in a small village 30. D. dis- 2. A. liked Pekun 31. D. pollution 3. C. sometimes easy 32. D. theatre 4. B. he had brothers and sisters 33. C. stepmother 5. A. stay in the village 34. E. standing 35. A. punctual Passage II (5 marks) 36. D. law 6. D. loyal 37. B. invented 7. A. retire 38. D. spectators 8. C. It was lived in by another person. 39. A. keep company 9. E. was snow-filled 40. C. not 10. A. staff (41. C. Games) are wonderful for (42. A. children) Section II: Spoken English especially (43. E. games) they can play with other children. A lot of thought goes into the (p. 250) (15 marks) (44. D. making) of these toys. The (45. C. 11. D. machine packaging) must also be well thought out as it 12. C. blink needs to (46. A. attract) the children and their 13. A. bear (47. D parents) into buying it. The games must 14. B. stack be (48. C. appropriate) for the (49. D different) 15. A. marsh ages and be (50. B. fun) to play. 16. C. spot 17. E. dawn Section IV: Grammatical 18. A. that 19. E. routine accuracy (p. 253) (30 marks) 20. A. enough 51. A. against 21. B. Thursday 52. E. chlorophyll 22. B. separate OR D. picture 53. A. hid 23. A. sip 54. C. do you 24. B. zip 55. D. terrified 25. C. pay 56. E. very or D. too 57. E. ours 58. A. -ment 59. B. theirs 60. C. off 61. D. cleverer

70 Term 3 62. C. despite 72. C. than 63. A. that 73. A. philosophical 64. B. before 74. E. thirsty 65. A. so 75. A. youngest 66. A. but 76. E. seeing 67. D. didn’t we? 77. B. at 68. E. were 78. A. by 69. E. with or C. about 79. C. leaves 70. D. E. each other (for two people) 80. B. who 71. D. was (regarded as a singular subject with construction ‘neither … nor’)

Module 10: Revision 71 Practice Test:examination Answers

This section offers you an English Language will spend on each section. Make sure you Examination based on the guidelines of the leave enough time at the end for checking! National Examinations Council (NECO). • Do not talk to any students while writing It is based on the work you have done in your examination. Junior Secondary 1 this year. It is presented • Use your examination question paper and in a similar format to the Basic Education your examination answer sheets only. Do Certifi cate Examination (BECE) that you not use any other books, paper, tablets, will write at the end of Junior Secondary 3. mobile phones etc. We hope this helps to prepare you well for • Stop writing when you are told to do so. you (BECE)! • When you have completed your examination, read through the questions Structure of the and your answers carefully. Make changes if necessary. examination • When you are satisfi ed with your work, hand The examination consists of two papers: in your answer sheets to your teacher, or the • Paper 1: Multiple choice (Section A: person who is invigilating the examination. Comprehension, Section B: Vocabulary development, Section C: Grammatical Paper I: Multiple choice accuracy, Section D: Spoken English). (50 marks) • Paper 2: Essay SECTION A: Comprehension Helpful hints for while you are (6 marks) writing your examination Read the passage ‘Children drown in boating • Read the questions carefully so you know accident’ and complete each sentence or what is required. answer in Questions 1–6 by choosing the • Think about the time you have to write most appropriate option, lettered A–E. your paper. Plan the amount of time you

Children drown in boating accident 2 July 2015

LAGOS, Nigeria – The National of this nature, not one of the children Emergency Management Agency has was wearing a life jacket at the time. It announced that six children drowned is compulsory to wear life jackets at all yesterday. The boat in which they were times while on Lagos waterways, but many travelling to school collided with a larger people do not bother. boat on the Lagos lagoon and capsized. The children’s boat collided with Eight of the children on the boat as well as a speedboat that had suddenly developed a the captain of the boat were able to swim technical problem. This problem prevented to safety. However, the six young children, the captain from steering the boat properly who were not able to swim, did not survive. and avoiding crashing into the smaller boat. Their bodies have all been found. He has been arrested by local authorities. Although the state government of Lagos Many people in Nigeria travel to local has distributed thousands of life jackets in markets, work and school by boat every the last three years to help prevent accidents day. In some cases, they have no choice.

72 Practice examination This is because there is no other way to travel across the water that lies between them and their destination or there is no other form of transport available. Often, however, people travel by boat to avoid the terrible traffi c jams that make road travel in Lagos so slow and frustrating. Authorities recently warned people who travel by boat on the waterways of Lagos to be extra careful during the rainy season and to ensure that everyone on the boat wears a life jacket. Boating accidents happen more often during the rainy season because the level of the ocean is higher and tidal waves The rainy season sees an increase in the number of occur regularly. boating accidents.

1. How many children were on the boat C. The boats do not have windscreen when the accident took place? wipers. A. six D. The water is colder. B. eight E. The rain damages the boats. C. fourteen 6. This reading passage is taken from _____. D. fi fteen A. an advertisement E. thousands B. a novel 2. Where were the children going? C. a newspaper A . to the lagoon D. a play B. to the market E. an anthology C. to school D. home Section B: Vocabulary E. on holiday development (15 marks) 3. What caused the accident? Complete each of the following sentences in A. The boat sprang a leak and sank. Questions 7–13 with the most appropriate B. The captain of the boat drove into option, lettered A–E. a rock. 7. The drownings could have been _____ if C. A rainstorm the children were wearing life jackets. D. The boat was hit by a larger boat and A. distributed overturned. B. intimidated E. The boat was overloaded. C. prevented 4. Compulsory can best be defi ned as _____. D. documented A. a good idea E. extricated B. recommended 8. They reached their _____ late because C. voluntary there was a traffi c jam. D. optional A. navigation E. required by law B. destination 5. Why do boating accidents happen more C. consternation often during the rainy season? D. explanation A. The level of the ocean is higher and E. direction tidal waves occur regularly. B. More people travel by boat during the rainy season.

Practice examination 73 9. There was a loud crash when the two cars C. witnesses _____. D. participants A. collided E. members B. capsized 13. It is your _____ to make sure you C. navigated complete your homework every day. D. demolished A. encouragement E. directed B. realisation 10. It is _____ not to have life jackets for the C. responsibility passengers on the boat as the law states D. irresponsibility that you must. E. position A. disrespectful B. penalty In the passage below, the numbered gaps C. misguided indicate missing words. Against each number D. irresponsible (14–21) in the list below the passage, five E. illegal options are offered in columns, lettered A–E. 11. The large number of cars on the roads Fill each numbered gap with the most causes traffic _____. appropriate of the options. A. congestions The company sourced an ______14 of twenty B. diffusion million naira to allow them to complete the C. confusion ______15 of their office and to ______16 new D. consultation industrial cooking ______17 such as heavy- E. dispersion duty ovens, industrial cooking pots, and a 12. The _____ in the competition were new ______18 van to increase their ______.19 competing for a cash prize. Since then, they have continued to grow and A. delegates ______,20 and now have three offices and many B. spectators employees, including ______21 chefs.

No. A B C D E 14. understanding investment expense amount interest 15. opportunity interest scaffold renovation demolition 16. destroy demand clean sell purchase 17. equipment interests opportunities skills tackle 18. requirements broken delivery collision travel 19. inefficiency understanding intelligence requirements efficiency 20. decrease prosper sink complete overcome 21. opportunity hobby untrained professional bad Section C: Grammatical accuracy C. her (22 marks) D. you E. them Complete each sentence or answer each 23. My parents often help (me and my question (22–43) by choosing the most brothers) with our homework. appropriate option, lettered A–E. A. us For Questions 22 to 25, replace the words in B. them brackets with the correct pronouns. C. we 22. He read the book to (his mother). D. you A. him E. they B. she

74 Practice examination 24. The girl phoned (her brother). B. at A. them C. to B. her D. on C. he E. from D. him 32. Kunmi started school _____ 2015. E. she A. in 25. (My family and I) are going to visit my B. at granny this weekend. C. to A. Us D. on B. We E. from C. They D. I For Questions 33 and 34, identify the subject. E. You 33. Ebo cooked the stew on the fire. A. fire For Questions 26 to 28, choose the correct B. stew ending to complete the sentence. C. cooked 26. He wrote a letter to explain _____. D. Ebo A. if he had come E. on B. why he had come 34. The sisters washed the dishes in a small C. whether he will came basin. D. when he came A. the sisters 27. The farmers expect the harvest _____. B. washed A. to be good C. the dishes B. was good D. small C. are going to be good E. basin D. will be worser than last year 28. In the final concert, the singer _____. For Questions 35 to 37, identify the agent. A. did good 35. The meat was cooked on the fire by my B. did not perform good father. C. was the worst of the two performers A. the meat D. did well B. was cooked C. on the fire For Questions 29 to 32, choose the correct D. by preposition. E. my father 29. We are going _____ the shop this afternoon. 36. The last piece of cake was swallowed in A. in one mouthful by Isikwe. B. at A. Isikwe C. to B. one mouthful D. on C. was swallowed E. from D. of cake 30. Simisola’s baby was born _____ July. E. the last piece A. in 37. A delicious meal was served by my B. at grandmother for my birthday. C. to A. was served D. on B. my birthday E. from C. my grandmother 31. My brother is still _____ the market D. delicious buying fruit. E. meal A. in

Practice examination 75 For Questions 38 and 39, choose the correct tag. Section D: Spoken English 38. The boat capsized, _____ (7 marks) A. did it? Choose from the options in Questions 44–50, B. didn’t it? lettered A–E, the one that contains the sound C. won’t it? represented by the given phonetic symbol. D. will it? 44. E. isn’t it? /ɪə/ A. pure 39. They weren’t wearing life jackets, _____ B. bear A. won’t they? C. clear B. were they? D. case C. are they? E. high D. aren’t they? 45. E. weren’t they? /eə/ A. stairs For Questions 40 and 41, say what the B. near adverbial phrase explains. C. sure D. grace 40. The boat floatedacross the water. E. alone A. how 46. /ʊə/ B. where A. hole C. when B. space D. why C. tourist E. what D. fly 41. After a few minutes, the boat sank. E. there A. how 47. /eɪ/ B. where A. eight C. when B. coil D. why C. time E. what D. drone E. house For Questions 42 and 43, identify the part 48. of speech. /ɔɪ/ A. couch 42. Since earliest times, people have lived B. oyster in groups. C. high A. verb D. sure B. noun E. weird C. adjective 49. /aʊ/ D. adverb A. sigh E. preposition B. stone 43. Rural settlements depend on natural C. toy resources such as soil and water. D. face A. verb E. mouth B. noun 50. /əʊ/ C. adjective A. couch D. adverb B. alone E. preposition C. joy D. grace E. disappear

76 Practice examination Paper II: Essay (20 marks) 2. A friend from the village where your grandmother lives is moving to the city Answer both questions one and two. Your and is going to attend school with you. answer to each should be about 200 words Write an informal letter to your friend long. You are free to use the hints below each explaining what he/she can expect. You question and/or any other ones you like. may make use of the following hints: Each question carries 10 marks. a) Introduction: Express your excitement at having him/her at 1. Write an essay about the best school day your school. you had this year. b) Body: Explain what he/she can expect You may make use of the following hints: at school (subjects, teachers, sports). a) Introduction: Describe the day. c) Conclusion: End your letter by b) Body: Give reasons why it was your wishing him/her all the best for the best day. move to the city. c) Conclusion: What could have made the day even better?

Practice examination 77 Practice examination answers

Paper I: Multiple choice 28. D. did well. 29. C. to (50 marks) 30. A. in Section A: Comprehension 31. B. at 32. A. in (6 marks) 33. D. Ebo 1. C. fourteen 34. A. the sisters 2. C. to school 35. E. my father 3. D. The boat was hit by a larger boat and 36. A. Isikwe overturned. 37. C. my grandmother 4. E. required by law. 38. B. didn’t it? 5. A. The level of the ocean is higher and 39. B. were they? tidal waves occur regularly. 40. B. where 6. C. a newspaper 41. C. when 42. C. adjective Section B: Vocabulary 43. B. noun development (15 marks) Section D: Spoken English 7. C. prevented (7 marks) 8. B. destination 9. A. collided 44. C. clear 10. E. illegal 45. A. stairs 11. A. congestion 46. C. tourist 12. D. participants 47. A. eight 13. C. responsibility 48. B. oyster 14. B. investment 49. E. mouth 15. D. renovation 50. B. alone 16. E. purchase 17. A. equipment Paper II: Essay (20 marks) 18. C. delivery 1. Use the rubric on page 79 of this 19. E. efficiency Teacher’s Guide for Narrative Essays to 20. B. prosper mark Question 1. Divide the rubric mark 21. D. professional of 40 by 4 to get a total out of 10. 2. Use the rubric on page 80 of this Teacher’s Section C: Grammatical Guide for Formal and Informal Letters to accuracy (22 marks) mark Question 2. Divide the rubric mark of 40 by 4 to get a total out of 10. 22. C. her Total marks: 70 23. A. us 24. D. him 25. B. We 26. B. why he had come 27. A. to be good

78 Practice examination answers Rubric: Narrative Essay (40 marks) Criteria Excellent Good Average Below Unsatisfactory average Focus The content of the essay The content of The content The content The content of the (relates to is directly related to, and the essay relates of the essays of the essay essay is unrelated topic) includes an interesting or directly to the relates directly to attempts to to the topic. unusual interpretation of topic. It attempts the topic. relate to the (0–1 marks) the topic. an interesting (3 marks) topic, but (5 marks) or unusual misinterprets interpretation of the focus of the topic. the topic. (4 marks) (2 marks) Structure The essay uses clear The essay is logically The essay Essay is poorly The essay does (order of Introduction, Body and structured in order is logically structured not follow a clear content) Conclusion, and builds to build the Plot: structured; (for example, structure. tension in the story by Introduction, Body contains missing an (0–1 marks) providing clues as to and Conclusion are Introduction, Introduction or what happens ‘next’ or all well related to Body and Conclusion). ‘in the end’. one another. Conclusion. (2–3 marks) (9–10 marks) (7–8 marks) (4–6 marks) Narrative The Setting and Main The Setting, Main The Setting, Main The Setting, The Setting and techniques Characters are clearly Idea of the essay Idea and Main Main Idea and Characters are not described in the and Main Characters Characters are Characters described. Introduction. are clearly described clearly described in are not clearly The Plot is unclear The Characters show in the Introduction. the Introduction, described in or non-existent. some kind of change/ The Plot is clearly but more details any part of There is no development in the Body developed in the could have been the essay. Conclusion. of the story. Body of the essay. included. The Plot is (0–1 marks) The Plot is clear and The Conclusion is The Plot is unclear. developed throughout interesting. adequately The essay the essay. (7–8 marks) developed in lacks a proper The Conclusion is the Body. Conclusion. interesting, the story ends There is a (2–3 marks) in an unexpected way that Conclusion but it makes good sense. is not interesting. (9–10 marks) (4–6 marks) Language The essay uses clear Literal The essay uses The essay uses The essay Language use (including Language as well as a Literal Language mostly Literal uses Literal shows that Grammatical variety of Figures Of Speech and some Figures Language. Language. student does not Structure) (Similes, Metaphors etc.). Of Speech. Sentences are Sentences may understand basic Sentences are varied and Sentences are correct but not be correct. language rules, their structure creates correct and create not varied in Grammar is and has no ability interest. some interest. structure. below grade to use Figurative Appropriate Dialogue Some Dialogue is Grammar is at level, and Language. is included. included. the grade level, includes many Grammar is Grammar is above Grammar is at and may include mistakes. mainly incorrect. expectations for the grade, grade level. few mistakes. (2–3 marks) (0–1 marks) with excellent use of (7–8 marks) (4–6 marks) Adverbs and Adjectives. (9–10 marks) Spelling and No errors. One or two errors. Three or four More than five More than ten Punctuation (5 marks) (4 marks) errors. errors. errors. (3 marks) (2 marks) (0–1 marks)

Practice examination answers 79 Rubric: Formal and Informal Letters (40 marks)

Criteria Excellent Good Average Below average Unsatisfactory Date Correctly placed. Correctly placed. Correctly placed. Incorrect No address or date. Sender’s address All details are All details are Most details placement. (0–1 marks) Receiver’s included and included. included. Some details Address (if correct. 1 mistake. 1 or 2 mistakes. included. Formal) (5 marks) (4 marks) (3 marks) More than 2 mistakes. (2 marks) Content Content is Content is Content is relevant Content is Incomplete, interesting, interesting and but not interesting. somewhat irrelevant or relevant and relevant. One or two irrelevant and inaccurate entertaining or (7–8 marks) inaccuracies. incomplete. information. informative. (4–6 marks) More than two (0–1 marks) (9–10 marks) inaccuracies. (2–3 marks) Structure Logical paragraphs Logical Some logic evident, Illogical No paragraphs. that are skilfully paragraphs that but paragraphs not paragraphs. No (0–1 marks) linked to one are linked to one well linked. linkages between another. another. (4–6 marks) paragraphs. (9–10 marks) (7–8 marks) (2–3 marks) Grammar Appropriate Appropriate Mixture of Inappropriate Language uses and Punctuation Language. Language. appropriate and Language that is makes it difficult to Excellent Good Vocabulary. inappropriate unclear. understand. Vocabulary. One or two Language. Poor Vocabulary. Very poor No Punctuation Punctuation or Limited Vocabulary. More than 5 Vocabulary. or Grammatical Grammatical More than two Punctuation or More than 8 Errors. Errors. Punctuation or Grammatical Errors. Punctuation or (9–10 marks) (7–8 marks) Grammatical Errors. (2–3 marks) Grammatical (4–6 marks) Errors. (0–1 marks) Opening Correct and Correct. Either Opening, Both Opening Either Opening or and Closing appropriate. (4 marks) Closing or Heading and Closing show Closing is missing, Salutations (5 marks) is incorrect. errors, Heading and has an error. Heading (if (3 marks) is missing or Heading is missing. Formal) inappropriate. (0–1 marks) (2 marks)

80 Practice examination answers