Subject: History Topic: Mary I Year Group: 13

1. Character & Aims 2. Government Key Word Definition 1 The 1. Mary had to choose between her loyal 1 The Devyse 1. Edward’s Devyse proclaimed Lady Jane Grey Relating to an Empire. In this case, queen on the 9th July. Council advisors who had little government Imperial the . 2. Mary issued a proclamation stating her own experience, and those of her brothers’ council claim and gathered forces at Framlingham who had more experience. Queen The wife of a reigning king – holds 2. Mary was served by 50 councillors during the Castle. Consort no real political power. 3. The Council and Northumberland were course of her reign. eventually forced to accept Mary as Queen. 3. Her trusted advisors included those who were Queen A female monarch, equivalent in not part of the council – including Cardinal Regnant rank to a king, who reigns in her own Pole and the Spanish ambassador Simon right 2 How 1. Mary had been educated to be a Queen Renard. A person's right to co-reign prepared Consort. Crown equally with his or her spouse. for 2. As heir presumptive for 15 years, she received Matrimonial Queenship some education to help her rule. 2 What 1. She was a queen inheriting a An heir whose claim may be set was Mary I? 3. Made illegitimate twice meant she lacked were kingdom and council with a strong Protestant Heir aside by the birth of another heir some necessary skills for governing. Mary’s contingent. presumptive relations 2. Mary was never quite at ease with her with her councilors. Recoinage The act or process of making 3 What were 1. Restore and the Catholic council 3. Her relationship with Parliament was usually new money or coins. Mary’s key faith in England. like> one of cautious cooperation, but there were aims? 2. Marry Philip II of Spain and secure a Catholic notable examples of opposition to Crown Book of Published in 1558. It detailed the heir to the throne. policies. Rates customs duties that would go to the Crown. What 1. There were two major harvest failures. 4 Plans for 1. Mary tried to have a Catholic heir, but her age 3 the and health made this difficult. problems 2. Harvest failures led to increased death rates Poor Relief Assistance given to the poor succession 2. She reluctantly named her Protestant half- did Mary in influenza epidemics. from state or local funds. sister Elizabeth as her successor. face? 3. Difficulties passing her religious reforms through Parliament. Catholic A Christian who recognises the as the head of the Church. Key dates 1 1553 Mary succeeds her half- Edward VI to become Queen. Protestant A Christian who recognizes the monarch as the head of the 2 1554 Mary marries Philip II of Spain. Church. Wyatt’s Rebellion. Execution of Lady Jane Grey. Papal Legate The Pope’s ambassador to a certain country. 3 1555 laws reinstated. Harvest failures. Papacy The office or authority of the Pope 4 1556 Execution of Thomas Cranmer 5 1557 French invasion of Scarborough. Heresy The denial of the validity of the War with France. key doctrines of the Church. 6 1558 Loss of Calais. Martyr A person who is killed because of Death of Mary I. their religious or other beliefs Subject: History Topic: Mary I Year Group: 13

3. Foreign Policy Key People Mary I 1. Catholic Queen of England 1 The 1. Mary’s preferred choice for a husband was Spanish Philip of Spain. 1553 – 1558. Marriage 2. There was some hostility to the match from Philip II 1. King of England from 1554 – those who wanted to avoid any foreign 1558. influence in England. 4. Economy & Society 2. King of Spain from 1556 – 3. A marriage treaty was drawn up that prevented 1598. Philip or any Spaniard from having too much 1 What were 1. Religion: Many supporters in the south power and influence in England. the causes of west held strongly Protestant views. Charles V 1. Holy Roman Emperor and King 4. The marriage took place in 1554, but it was not a Wyatt’s 2. Xenophobia: Fear of the Spanish of Spain from 1516 – 1556. happy union and resulted in no children. rebellion? influence at court. 3. The Spanish Marriage: Disapproval of Thomas 1. Former Protestant War with 1. Mary wanted to avoid being dragged into the 2 Mary’s marriage to Philip II of Spain and Cranmer of Canterbury. France Franco-Spanish war. the impact this would have on England. 2. Executed for heresy in 1556 2. French troops landing at Scarborough in 1557 4. Economic: Decline in local cloth forced Mary to declare war on France. industries. Edward 1. Catholic noble and possible 3. There were some successes at St Quentin early 5. Political: Some gentry who had lost office Courtenay suitor for Mary I. in the campaign. joined the rebels. 2. Involved in Wyatt’s Rebellion 3 What was 1. Mary’s involvement put her at odds with the 6. Political: Replace Mary with Lady Jane in 1554. Grey or Elizabeth. the fiercely anti-Spanish Pope Paul IV. Princess 1. Protestant half-sister of Mary impact of 2. Calais was lost in 1558 – a national humiliation. 2 What 1. Some changes recommended by and her heir presumptive. war with 3. An attack on the port of Brest also failed economic Northumberland were introduced in France? miserably. reforms 1554. Stephen 1. Former secretary to Henry Gardiner VIII, imprisoned by Edward VI 5. Religion & Thinking were 2. Improvements included changes to Court introduced? of the Exchequer. for religious views. 2. One of Mary’s closest 1 What 1. Religious laws passed by Edward VI were 3. Marian government became more active were repealed. in poor relief. councilors, although she never Mary’s 2. Order of service at the time of Henry VIII’s death 4. Introduced the Book of Rates in 1558 fully trusted him. religious reinstated. 5. Recoinage boosted Crown finances Lady Jane 1. Proclaimed Queen by reforms? 3. Clergy who had married deprived of their Marian 1. A religiously divided country. Grey Edward’s ‘Devyse’ livings. 3 Society 2. Poor harvests and influenza epidemics 2. Executed in 1554. 4. Act of Repeal revoking Royal Supremacy and were serious problems between 1556 and reinstating Papal Supremacy William Paget 1. Moderate religious councillor 1558. 5. Restoration of the heresy laws. 3. Laws passed against grain hoarders. who served Henry VIII, Edward 6. Execution by burning of 289 Protestants. 4. Poor relief a response to the problems of and Mary I. 7. Improved quality of pastoral provision of the reign. bishops and priests. Pope Paul IV 1. Anti-Spanish Pope 2 Protestant 1. Little influence of as the Catholic 1. Cardinal and Papal Legate s and Church distanced itself from humanist scholars. 2. Mary’s close advisor Humanists 2. Protestant exiles were not a united group. 3. A split between those who wanted to be more Thomas 1. Led rebellion in Kent against radical and those who worked within existing Wyatt Mary in 1554. structures.