Usability & Human Factors
Unit 12b Information Visualization and Information Rich Interfaces
Hypervariate data sets
Common problem: many data sets are too large to visualize on one screen
Solution: overview of the whole set and details of the selected subset
Implementation: scaling (in space or time)
Scaling in space: use different portion of the Scaling in time: alternate between overview of screen to show overview of the whole data set the whole set and detail of the selected and detail of the selected subset subset sequentially in the same space
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Scaling
Variation in space
• Can overview and detail co-exist in the same space? • Distortion • Fish-eye view • Bifocal display • Perspective wall
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1 Scaling
• George Furnas 1981 Fish- • Shneiderman: • Provide[s] detailed view (focus) and overview (context) without eye obscuring anything… The focus area (or areas) is magnified to show detail, while preserving the context, view all in the single display.
1D Fisheye
2D Fisheye
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Scaling
Fish-eye view • Examples: Fish-eye views for long menus
Bederson UIST’00 http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/fisheyemenu/
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Scaling
Fish-eye viewzz • Examples: Fish-eye views for graphs http://www.aisee.com/manual/unix/29.htm
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2 Scaling
Bifocal display
• First suggested by Spence and Apperley (1980)
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Scaling
Bifocal display
• Examples
Early implementation
Spence – 1980?
http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/ ~r.spence/videos.htm
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Scaling
• Perspective Wall
Bifocal display Perspec ve wall
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3 Scaling
Examples: • Map work charts onto diagram • x-axis is time, y-axis is project • (Mackinlay, Robertson, Card ’91) Perspective Wall PerspectiveWall
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Scaling
Examples: • File navigation • http:// www.cs.ubc.ca/ ~tmm/courses/ cpsc533c-03-spr/ 0127.quanzhenge ng.ppt Perspectivewall
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Scaling
Variation in time Magic Lens
Panning and Zooming
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4 Scaling
Magic Lens
http:// www2.parc.com/ istl/projects/ MagicLenses/ SimpleDemo.html
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Scaling
Panning and Zooming
• Panning – smooth movement of camera across scene (or scene moves and camera stays still) • Zooming – increasing or decreasing the magnification of the objects in a scene • http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/jazz/play/ hinote-0.5/jazz-mid-talk.html
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Hierarchies and Trees
Hierarchies in Main Definition the world representation • Data • Family histories • Node-link repository in • File/directory • Space-filling which cases • Organizational are related to chart • Object-oriented subcases software classes
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5 Node-link Hierarchies
Root at top
Image source: “Data structures and file handling: Tree-Maps: a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures”, Brian Johnson, Ben Shneiderman
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Node-link Hierarchies
Examples
Problems • Quickly fills out screen real estate • Difficult to maintain overview of the structure
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Node-link Hierarchies
Potential • Cone Trees (PARC, Robertson, Mackinlay, Card) solutions
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6 Space-filling
Treemap examples
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Time Series Data
Definition Standard presentation
• Data sets with one variable being the time of the event • Could be uni- or hypervariable • Data mining – looking for patters • Visualization – looking for visual patterns
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Time Series Data (con’t)
Examples
• Predictive calendars • http://research.sun.com/research/netcomm/rhythmAwareness.html
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7 Time Series Data (con’t)
One issue – temporal data is often periodic (cycles – daily, weekly, yearly, etc.)
Linear display is problematic for periodic data
Potential answer – spiral display
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Time Series Data (con’t)
Additional benefit of spiral display – discovering periodicity in data
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Interaction and Dynamic Queries
Data transformation
• Details on demand • Dynamic query
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8 Interaction and Dynamic Queries (con’t)
Data transformation
• Details on demand • Details could be removed from the main view for different reasons (mainly due to scaling issues)
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Interaction and Dynamic Queries (con’t) Data transformation
• Dynamic queries • Visual representation of all possible objects and actions • Rapid, incremental and reversible actions • Direct manipulation is favored (selection by pointing, not typing) • Specifying a query brings immediate display of results • Responsive interaction (< 0.1 sec) • Classic example: • HomeFinder – 1992, University of Maryland, Human Computer Interaction Lab (Ben Shneiderman)
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Information Visualization in Medicine
Purpose:
Prevent information overload and allow Visually magnify subtle members of clinical staff to Visually present medical aspects of the diagnostic, master large quantities of data in more intuitive, easy therapeutic, patient information to understand, learn, management and healing • Luca Chittaro, “Information recognize, navigate and process which otherwise Visualization and its Application to manage formats Medicine” could be difficult to notice • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, vol.22(2), 2001, pp.81-88
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9 Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t)
Examples
• The Visible Human Explorer ( http://www.cs.umd.edu/ hcil/visible-human/ vhe.shtml)
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Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t) Examples
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Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t)
Examples
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10 Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t) Examples
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Conclusions
Assignments
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