Linga-Bibliothek

I Linga A/912406 Sam Maverick's Trail

The Story of the First American Exploration of the -Mexico Border

Daniel McNeel Lane, MD, PhD v/ Contents

Preface / 7

1/Background / 11 Spanish Exploration and Settlement of Texas______11 U.S. Presidents and Rights To Texas______13 Mexican Governance of Texas______15 Revolution Against Mexico by Republic of Texas______17 Annexation of Texas Republic______19 Political Unrest in Mexico: 1836-1845______23 The Mexican-American War______24 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo______27 Peace Treaty and Its Final Approval______27 Rio Grande As Texas-Mexico Border______28 American Obligations Under Article XI of the Treaty______29 The "Apacheria" and the ""______30

2 / Objectives and Members of 1848 Pioneer Expedition / 35 Objectives of 1848 Chihuahua-El Paso Pioneer Expedition____ 35 Major Groups Involved______38 Leaders of the Expedition______40

3 / Rendezvous at Las Moras Springs / The / 47 San Antonio to Las Moras Springs______47 The Old Spanish Missions______57

4 / Westward to La Junta De Los Rios / The River Canyon Country / 61 Las Moras Springs To Lower Pecos River Canyon______61 Never A Despoblado by Joe Labadie______72 Up the Rio Grande to Sanderson Canyon______77 Meeting with Indians______82 The Discovery in Sanderson Canyon by Louis Aulbach______85 A Band of Texans Explores the Big Bend______90 Through Mexico to La Junta de los Rios______97 Fort Leaton______101 5/ Return East to Home / Alamitos Creek and Pecos River Valley / 107 Presidio del Norte to Horsehead Crossing______107 "Seventy-four miles lost down the Pecos"______114 Horsehead Crossing to Granger Draw______117 Expedition Separates For Return______122 Highsmith's Rangers to Castell______123 Hays/Maverick to Las Moras Springs______124 Leona River Back to San Antonio______128

6 / Second Exploration of Texas-Mexico Border: / 133 Reconnaissance to El Paso del Norte by Whiting/Smith______133 San Saba River to Davis Mountains______133 Fort Leaton to El Paso del Norte______135 New Route Back From El Paso del Norte______137

7 / The Border After Signing of Treaty / 139 Ratification by the U.S. Senate and President______139 Ratification by the Mexican Congress______139 Completion of the Hays Expedition's Goals______141 Finding Route for San Antonio-El Paso Wagon Road______141 Transfer of Border Protection to U.S. Army______141 Frontier Forts Along the Road to El Paso______142

Epilogue / 144 Methods Used to Locate Trail of 1848 Expedition / 146 Article XI of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo / 154 Approximate GPS Locations of 1848 Campsites / 156 Afterword / 160 References / 163