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Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Basommatophora) Revista De Biología Tropical, Vol

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Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Basommatophora) Revista De Biología Tropical, Vol Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Barbosa dos Santos, Sonia Estado atual do conhecimento dos ancilídeos na América do Sul (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Basommatophora) Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 51, núm. 3, 2003, pp. 191-223 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44911879011 Como citar este artigo Número completo Sistema de Informação Científica Mais artigos Rede de Revistas Científicas da América Latina, Caribe , Espanha e Portugal Home da revista no Redalyc Projeto acadêmico sem fins lucrativos desenvolvido no âmbito da iniciativa Acesso Aberto Rev. Biol. Trop. 51 (Suppl. 3): 191-224, 2003 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu Estado atual do conhecimento dos ancilídeos na América do Sul (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Basommatophora) Sonia Barbosa dos Santos Laboratório de Malacologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Telefax 55 21 25877655; endereço: Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, CEP: 20550-900; [email protected] Abstract: Ancylids are widespreaded pateliforms basommatophorans in lentic and lotic continental freshwater habitats. This paper shows a list of South American species based on literature revision and personal observa- tions about systematic and morphology as well as some morphological, biological, ecological and paleontolog- ical data. Seven genera and at least thirteen good species are found: Anisancylus dutrae (Santos, 1994); Anisancylus obliquus (Broderip & Sowerby, 1832); Burnupia ingae Lanzer, 1991; Burnupia sp.; Ferrissia gen- tilis Lanzer, 1991; Ferrissia sp.; Gundlachia bakeri Pilsbry, 1913; Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828); Gundlachia ticaga (Marcus & Marcus, 1962); Hebetancylus moricandi (d’Orbigny, 1837); Laevapex sp.; Uncancylus concentricus (d’Orbigny, 1835) and Uncancylus crequii (Bavay, 1904). Gundlachia leucaspis (Ancey, 1901); Gundlachia lutzi Walker, 1925; Gundlachia saulcyana (Bourguignat, 1853); Hebetancylus philippianus (Biese, 1948); Laevapex vazi Santos, 1989; Uncancylus foncki (Philippi, 1866) and Uncancylus patagonicus (Biese, 1948) need to be revised. Anatomical data show that South American ancylids are not closed related to Ancylus fluviatilis Müller, 1774. It is necessary to improve the knowledgement specially about mor- phology, biology, geographical distribution and genetics in order to assess the true systematic position of the called neotropical genera (Anisancylus Pilsbry, 1924; Gundlachia Pfeiffer, 1849; Hebetancylus Pilsbry, 1913 and Uncancylus Pilsbry, 1913) and also Burnupia Walker, 1912 and Ferrissia Walker, 1903. Methodological procedures are presented. Key words: Ancylids, morphology, check list, distribution, South America. Os ancilídeos são moluscos pateliformes, hermafroditas com variados graus de diaulia, os encontrados em ambientes lóticos ou lênticos quais refletem etapas progressivas de individua- nos ecossistemas límnicos continentais. Pela sis- lização e especialização das estruturas do siste- temática clássica, estão incluídos na classe Gas- ma reprodutor (Hyman 1967, Hubendick 1978, tropoda, subclasse Pulmonata, ordem Basomma- Leme 1995, Oliveira & Almeida 2000). Admite- tophora. Esta ordem se caracteriza pelos seguin- se na ordem Basommatophora as famílias Sipho- tes aspectos: concha pateliforme, planispiralada nariidae, Trimusculidae, Amphibolidae, Otini- ou conispiralada; olhos na base do único par de dae, Ellobiidae, Chilinidae, Latiidae, Acroloxi- tentáculos, não-invagináveis; rim geralmente dae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Ancylidae e Planor- alongado, somente com ureter primário curto e bidae (Leme 1995). Na literatura é possível en- reto, dirigido para trás; ditremados (duas abertu- contrar arranjos sistemáticos diferentes, depen- ras genitais), com exceção dos Siphonariidae; dendo da interpretação que os autores dão a cada 192 MALACOLOGÍA LATINOAMERICANA grupo ou família. As quatro últimas famílias ci- Na América do Sul, os ancilídeos são tadas tem sido consideradas as mais evoluídas geralmente de pequeno porte, alcançando de e são agrupadas como basomatóforos superio- três a sete milímetros de comprimento, em- res, isto é, apresentam diaulia total, ou seja, se- bora alguns alcancem até 15 mm de compri- paração completa do oviduto e do espermiduto mento, como alguns indivíduos de Hebe- a partir da encruzilhada genital (Hubendick tancylus moricandi (d’Orbigny, 1837) e de 1947, 1978, Duncan 1960, Harry 1964). Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828). Ge- De acordo com os resultados trazidos pela ralmente, estão associados a ambientes não análise cladística os Ancylidae estão incluídos poluídos, vivendo preferencialmente aderi- em Gastropoda Heterobranchia Pulmonata Ba- dos às folhas ou talos de plantas aquáticas e sommatophora. Entretanto, não é possível atri- folhas em decomposição; preferem ambien- buir uma hierarquia tradicional para esse tes lênticos ou com pouca correnteza, tais arranjo e nem há consenso entre os autores como lagoas, alagados marginais, remansos (Ponder & Lindberg 1996, 1997, Haszprunar de rios ou riachos, brejos, açudes e represas. 1988). Algumas espécies, como Anisancylus obli- Na América do Sul, nos ambientes estrita- quus (Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) e Ani- mente de água doce, encontramos as famílias sancylus dutrae (Santos, 1994), são encon- Chilinidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Planorbi- tradas aderidas a pedras em riachos com al- dae e Ancylidae, sendo os Chilinidae exclusi- guma correnteza. Já foram coletados Gund- vamente sul-americanos (Castellanos & Gai- lachia radiata em pequenas cachoeiras no llard 1981, Paraense 1981). Nordeste do Brasil, Gundlachia sp. em ria- Considerando-se os ancilídeos como um chos urbanos submetidos à forte carga de es- grupo natural, estão amplamente distribuídos goto doméstico, no Centro-Oeste do Brasil, nos ambientes límnicos do mundo. Na região e Gundlachia ticaga (Marcus & Marcus, Neotropical encontramos representantes de 1962) em riachos poluídos no Rio de Janei- sete gêneros: Anisancylus Pilsbry, 1924; ro, o que indica o pouco conhecimento que Gundlachia Pfeiffer, 1849; Hebetancylus temos sobre a biologia e ecologia desses Pilsbry, 1913; Uncancylus Pilsbry, 1913 são moluscos e sua capacidade de sobrevivência os mais conhecidos e foram denominados por em condições adversas. Basch (1963) ancilídeos neotropicais. Recen- O pequeno tamanho desses moluscos, temente, descreveram-se Burnupia Walker, provavelmente, é uma das razões para a exis- 1912; Ferrissia Walker, 1903 e Laevapex Wal- tência de poucos investigadores trabalhando ker, 1903 (Kleerekoper 1955, Santos 1984, com este grupo tão variado e interessante, ain- 1989, 1990, Lanzer 1991, 1996). da com sua sistemática, origens e inter-rela- A característica morfológica externa mais ções filogenéticas não esclarecidas. Muitas ve- utilizada para o reconhecimento dos Ancylidae zes, estão recobertos por areia, lodo, algas ou é a concha pateliforme, embora outros baso- fragmentos vegetais, ou o perióstraco apresen- matóforos também apresentem esta concha, ta impregnações que o tornam da mesma cor como nos gêneros Siphonaria Sowerby, 1824 do substrato, o que dificulta sua visualização, (Siphonariidae) e Lanx Clessin, 1882 (Lym- com sua conseqüente ausência em listas fau- naeidae). Uma espiral reduzida é observada nísticas. O pequeno tamanho desses moluscos, nos gêneros Otina Gray, 1847 (Otinidae), La- entretanto, não impede que o leigo perceba sua tia Gray, 1849 (Latiidae), Acroloxus Beck, existência. Schade (1965) registrou o termo 1837 (Acroloxidae), Patelloplanorbis Huben- “cochinillas de agua” usado em algumas partes dick, 1957 (Planorbidae) e, também, nos gêne- do Paraguai e, ouvimos trabalhadores rurais no ros Amphigyra Pilsbry, 1906 e Brondelia Bour- norte do Brasil (Belém do Pará) se referirem a guignat, 1862 atribuídos à família Ancylidae Gundlachia radiata como “tatuzinhos da (Hubendick 1978). água”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 193 POSIÇÃO SISTEMÁTICA DOS (1962 b, 1982) admitiu três sub-famílias em ANCILÍDEOS NEOTROPICAIS Ancylidae: Ancylinae para Ancylus e Rhodac- mea Walker, 1917; Ferrissiinae para Ferrissia, Uma revisão bibliográfica detalhada sobre Gundlachia e Hebetancylus e Laevapecinae a sistemática dos ancilídeos sensu latum (San- para Anisancylus, Burnupia, Laevapex e Un- tos 1995) mostrou que a unidade da família cancylus. Este arranjo foi admitido por Burch Ancylidae tem sido questionada por diversos & Tottenham (1980). autores, os quais apresentam opiniões discor- Hubendick (1978) reuniu os planorbídeos dantes, dependendo do caracter morfológico com os ancilídeos na família Ancyloplanorbi- enfatizado. dae, proposição criticada por Meier-Brook Bourguignat (1953 a, 1953 b) foi o primei- (1984), não só por contrariar as regras interna- ro a enfatizar a importância da morfologia e da cionais de nomenclatura, mas também pela au- escultura apical da concha na sistemática dos sência de estudos anatômicos abrangentes, que ancilídeos. Walker (1902), Walter (1962), dessem consistência às interpretações filoge- Burch (1975), sugeriram que estudos detalha- néticas. Aceita-se amplamente as famílias dos poderiam ser válidos para auxiliar a reso- Ancylidae e Planorbidae como distintas, em- lução de questões sistemáticas e filogenéticas. bora a proximidade filogenética entre as duas, Alguns autores, utilizando basicamente apontada por Pelseneer (1901), seja
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