Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Cognizance

Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Cognizance in Wireless Communication & Image Processing Nitin Afzalpulkar • Vishnu Srivastava Ghanshyam Singh • Deepak Bhatnagar Editors

Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Cognizance in Wireless Communication & Image Processing ICRCWIP-2014

123 Editors Nitin Afzalpulkar Ghanshyam Singh Asian Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Technology Bangkok Malaviya National Institute of Technology Thailand Jaipur India Vishnu Srivastava Microwave Tubes Division Deepak Bhatnagar Central Electronics Engineering Research Department of Physics Institute University of Rajasthan Pilani, Rajasthan Jaipur India India

ISBN 978-81-322-2636-9 ISBN 978-81-322-2638-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2638-3

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016930278

© Springer India 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.

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This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. Preface

The 1st International Conference on Recent Cognizance in Wireless Communication & Image Processing (ICRCWIP-2014) was held in the campus of Poornima Institute of Engineering & Technology Jaipur during 16–17 January 2015. A total of 400 participants, 175 of whom were students, attended the conference. The participants had fruitful scientiﬁc and technical discussions and exchanges that made the conference a complete success. The overall response to the conference was quite encouraging. A large number of papers were received. After careful review, 173 papers were chosen for pre- sentation during the conference. After the conference, an additional round of review was carried out. Among the presented papers, 110 papers were selected for inclusion in the conference proceedings. A very informative panel discussion was also organized during the conference. The aim of the panel discussion was to discuss the advancements in wireless communication, optical communication, circuit design and image processing, and their effects on humans. The discussion was planned to give faculty, academicians, delegates, and students a platform where they can discuss issues and share problems and solutions with each other in a healthy and knowledgeful environment. The papers appearing in the proceedings belong to these major clusters: CLUSTER-I Image processing and its application CLUSTER-II Wireless and microwave communication CLUSTER-III Nanoelectronics and industry application CLUSTER-IV Optoelectronics and photonic devices CLUSTER-V Analog circuit design and its application These papers represent the most recent research on the respective subject areas. The editors would like to thank all the authors, reviewers, panelists, local orga- nizers, and the session chairs for paying attention to the quality of the publications. Partial ﬁnancial support for publishing the conference proceedings is received from DRDO.

v vi Preface

The contents of this proceedings reveal the breadth of current activities in different themes related to wireless communications and image processing. We hope these will form a useful starting point for beginners as well as practitioners in this discipline.

Nitin Afzalpulkar Vishnu Srivastava Ghanshyam Singh Deepak Bhatnagar About the Conference

The International Conference on Recent Cognizance in Wireless Communication & Image Processing-ICRCWIP-2015 was organized by the Department of Electronics & Communication and Department of Electrical Engineering, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur, India. The conference was held during Jan 16–17, 2015 in Jaipur, India. ICRCWIP-2015 aims at bringing together researchers, engineers, and students to review the latest development in the area of wireless communication and image processing. The conference comprised of technical sessions and plenary lectures by invited experts. The core vision of ICRCWIP is to disseminate new knowledge about technology for the beneﬁt of everyone in the community ranging from the academic and professional research communities to industry practitioners. The conference covers a range of topics in electronics and communication engineering, including electrical and communication security, mobile and wireless networking, and wireless communication systems. It also provided a venue for high-caliber researchers, Ph.D. students, and professionals to submit ongoing research and developments in these areas. Another goal of the conference was to promote exchange of scientiﬁc information between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working across the globe. The conference was intended to be an annual event to provide a distinct platform for people to share views and experiences in the areas of information, telecommuni- cation, computing, mobile techniques, and related areas.

vii Committee

Steering Committee

Chief Patron Dr. S.M. Seth, Chairman, Poornima Foundation, Chairperson, Poornima University, Jaipur, Former Director, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India

Patron Shri Shashikant Singhi, Director General, Poornima Foundation, Jaipur, India

General Chair Dr. Ghanshyam Singh, Associate Professor, MNIT, Jaipur, India

Conference Chair Dr. Ajay Kumar Bansal, Director, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur, India

Convener Mr. Sachin Chauhan, Head of Department, Department of ECE, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur, India Mr. Anil Boyal, Head of Department, Department of EE, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur, India

Co-convener Mr. Ankur Saharia, Associate Professor, Department of ECE, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur, India

Section Oversight Committee

Dr. Naomi Chavez, Senior Director, Optical Society, Washington, DC, USA Dr. Michael Anthony Elliott, Division Assistant, Optical Society, Washington, DC, USA

ix x Committee

Technical Program Committee

Chairs Track-1: (CS/IT) Dr. Lalit Kr. Awasthi, Dean, Himachal Pradesh Technical University, Hamirpur, India Track-2: (ECE) Dr. R.P. Yadav, MNIT, Jaipur, India Track-3: (EE) Dr. Rajesh Kumar, MNIT, Jaipur, India

Members Dr. Ajeet Kumar, Delhi Technical University Dr. Annelise E. Barron, University of Texas, USA Dr. Annie Vilcot, Institute of Technology, France Dr. Anshuman Kalla, JNU, Jaipur Dr. Balaji S. Prabhakar, Stanford University, USA Dr. Bernd Girod, Professsor, University of Texas Dr. Blandin Jean, Grenoble Institute of Technology, France Dr. D. Bhatnagar, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Dr. D.K. Raghuwanshi, NIT, Bhopal Dr. Dheerendra Mathur, GEC, Ajmer Dr. Dheerendra Singh, BITS, Pilani Dr. Fox, California Technical University, USA Dr. Ghanshyam Singh, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan Dr. Ghanshyam Singh, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. H.D. Mathur, BITS, Pilani Dr. Jitender Kumar Chhabra, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra Dr. Jitendra Kumar Deegwal, CEG, Government of India Dr. K.K. Sharma, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Lokesh Tharani, RTU, Kota Dr. M.C. Govil, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. M.M. Sharma, Principal, GEC, Ajmer Dr. Mantosh Biswas, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra Dr. Michael Anthony Elliott, Optical Society, Washington, DC, USA Dr. Mithlesh Kumar, RTU, Kota Dr. Mohammad Salim, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Naomi Chavez, Optical Society, Washington, DC, USA Dr. Nick W McKeown, Stanford University, USA Dr. Nitin Afzalpulkar, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand Dr. O.P. Vyas, JIET, Jodhpur Dr. O.P. Meena, NIT, Bhopal Dr. P.K. Singhal, MITS, Gwalior Dr. R.L. Yadav, Galgotia University, Noida Dr. R. Nath, Department of Physics, IIT, Roorkee Dr. R.K. Sarin, NIT, Jalandhar Dr. R.P. Yadav, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Committee xi

Dr. R.P. Tiwari, ISTE, Jaipur Dr. Rajeev Gupta, RTU, Kota Dr. Rajesh Kumar, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Ritu Sharma, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. R.S. Saxena, PWD, Jaipur Dr. Samar Ansari, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Sandeep Sancheti, Manipal University, Jaipur Dr. Sanjay Kumar, IETE, Jaipur Sh. Sanjeev Agarwal, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Sarabjeet Singh, NIT, Jalandhar Dr. Shashi B. Rana, Guru Nanak Dev University, Gurdaspur Dr. Sheila K. Shull, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Technical University, USA Dr. Sumit Srivastava, Manipal University Sh. Tarun Verma, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Trilok Mathur, BITS, Pilani Dr. U.S. Modani, Government College, Ajmer Dr. Veron Muriel, Grenoble Institute of Technology, France Dr. Vijay Janyani, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Vineet Sahula, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Vipul Rastogi, Associate Professor, Department of Physics, IIT, Roorkee Dr. Virender Ranga, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra Dr. Seema Verma, Banasthali University, Jaipur, India Dr. Buta Singh, Guru Nanak Dev University Dr. Harjit Pal Singh, CT Institute of Engineering, Management and Technology Dr. Suyeb Ahmed Khan, Shiv Shankar Institute of Engineering and Technology Dr. Subir Sarkar, University of Kolkata Dr. Preetam Kumar, IIT, Patna Dr. Kalpana Dhaka, IIT, Gawhati Dr. Seema Verma, Banasthali University, Jaipur Dr. Manish Tiwari, REC, Jaipur

Review Panel

Members Dr. Ajay Kr. Bansal, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur Dr. Ajeet Kumar, Delhi Technical University Dr. Archana Agrawal, Institute of Technology and Management, Bhilwara Dr. Avinash Sharma, Advait Vedanta Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. C. Periasamy, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. C.K. Babulal, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai Dr. Deepak Bhatnagar, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Dr. Deepak Jhanwar, Government Engineering College, Ajmer xii Committee

Dr. Devesh Kumar, Manipal University, Jaipur Dr. Dheeraj Palwelia, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota Dr. Dhirendra Mathur, Government Engineering College, Ajmer Dr. E.S. Pilli, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Ghanshyam Singh, JUIT, Solan Dr. H.S. Parihar, Central University, Kishangarh Dr. Harjeet Singh, NIT, Jalandhar Dr. Jayashri Vajpai, MBM, Jodhpur Dr. Jitendra Chhabra, NIT, Kurukshetra Dr. Jitendra Kr. Tripathi, Rajarshi Rananjay Sinh Institute of Management and Technology, Amethi (UP) Dr. Kumud Ranjan Jha, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra Dr. Lokesh Tharani, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota Dr. Mahesh Bundele, Poornima University, Jaipur Dr. Manoj Gupta, Poornima University, Jaipur Dr. Manoj Kuri, Engineering College, Bikaner Dr. Mantosh Bishwas, NIT, Kurukshetra Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Narendra Singh Yadav, Balaji College Dr. Neeta Nain, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. O.P. Sharma, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur Dr. O.P. Vyas, JIET, Jodhpur Dr. Om Prakash Rishi, Central University, Kishangarh Dr. P.K.Singhal, MITS, Gwalior Dr. Poonam Saini, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh Dr. R.C. Poonia, Amity, Noida Dr. R.P. Yadav, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Ravi Kr. Madilla, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Renu Kumawat, Manipal University, Jaipur Dr. Ritu Sharma, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. S.K. Bishnoi, Engineering College, Bikaner Dr. Sajaivir Singh, Jaypee, Noida Dr. Samar Ansari, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Sandeep Joshi Dr. Sanjeev Methya, Rajasthan College of Engineering for Women, Jaipur Dr. Satyasai J. Nanda, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Dr. Seema Verma, Banasthali Vidyapith Dr. Shashi B. Rana, Guru Nanak Dev University, Gurdaspur Dr. Shruti Jain, JUIT, Solan Dr. Sujata Pandey, Amity, Noida Dr. Sumit Srivastava, Manipal University, Jaipur Dr. Suyeb Ahmed Khan, NIT, Jalandhar Dr. Uma Shankar Modani, Government Engineering College, Ajmer Dr. Umesh Kr. Dwivedi, Amity University, Jaipur Dr. Vineet Khanna, Rajasthan College of Engineering for Women, Jaipur Committee xiii

Dr. Vinod Yadav, Maharana Pratap University, Udaipur Dr. Viranjay Srivastava, South Africa Dr. Virendra Sangtani, Anand International College of Engineering, Jaipur Dr. Vivekanand Tiwari, Manipal University, Jaipur Mr. Aditya, Jaipur National University, Jaipur Mr. Ajay Khunteta, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur Mr. Alok Jhaldiyal, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, ISRO, Dehradun Mr. Anshuman Kalla, Jaipur National University, Jaipur Mr. Arvind Kr. Upadhyay, Jaipur National University, Jaipur Mr. Devendra Soni, Arya Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur Mr. Kalyan Acharjya, Jaipur National University, Jaipur Mr. Manish Singhal, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur Mr. Manish Tiwari, Rajdhani Engineering College, Jaipur Mr. Navneet Kumar Verma, Jaipur National University, Jaipur Mr. Rahul Mishra, Galgotia College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida Mr. Rahul Srivastava, Arya Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur Mr. Rajesh Sangla, NIT, Jalandhar Mr. Ritu Raj, Government Engineering College, Bikaner Mr. Santosh Kumar Vipparthi, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Mr. Tanuj Chauhan, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida Ms. Jasmin Saini, Jaypee, Noida Ms. Rekha Mehra, Government Engineering College, Ajmer Prof. Dr. Mithilesh Kumar, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota Prof. Dr. R.L. Yadava, Galgotia College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida Acknowledgments

The editors wish to extend their heartfelt acknowledgment to the authors, peer-reviewers, committee members, and production staff whose diligent work put shape to the ICRCWIP-2014 proceedings. We especially thank our dedicated team of peer-reviewers who volunteered for the arduous and tedious step of quality checking and critiquing on submitted manuscripts. We congratulate campus Director Dr. Ajay Kumar Bansal and the faculty team at the Department of EC & Electrical Engineering, PIET, Jaipur especially to Mr. Sachin Chauhan, Mr. Anil Boyal, and Mr. Ankur Saharia for extending their enormous assistance during the reviewing and editing process of the conference documentation. The time spent by all of them and midnight oil burnt is greatly appreciated. Lastly, we would like to thank Springer for publishing the ICRCWIP-2014 conference proceedings. Especially the efforts of Swati Meherishi, Senior Editor, Applied Sciences and Engineering and Aparajita Singh, Editorial Assistant, for their help in the publishing process are worth mentioning.

xv Contents

A Novel Image Zooming Technique Using Wavelet Coefﬁcients...... 1 Himanshu Jindal, Singara Singh Kasana and Sharad Saxena Analysis of Operational Transformation Algorithms ...... 9 Santosh Kumawat and Ajay Khunteta A Digital Image Watermarking Technique Using Cascading of DCT and Biorthogonal Wavelet Transform ...... 21 Arvind Kumar, Pragya Agarwal and Ankur Choudhary Multi-domain Image Enhancement of Foggy Images Using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization Method ...... 31 Garima Yadav, Saurabh Maheshwari and Anjali Agarwal Comparison of Various Reliability Measures of a Computer System with the Provision of Priority...... 39 Ashish Kumar and Monika Saini Dual-Band Filter Using DGS for X-Band Applications ...... 51 Suman Kumari, Amit Singh Bhadouria and Mithilesh Kumar A Review on Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in MANET ...... 59 Shruti Thapar and Anshuman Kalla Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Analysis in Digital Fundus Images: Application to Early Glaucoma Diagnosis...... 69 Dharmanna Lamani, T.C. Manjunath, M. Mahesh and Y.S. Nijagunarya Design, Development of MC-CDMA, and Reduction of ISI for Different Modulation Techniques ...... 81 Arun Kumar and Manisha Gupta

xvii xviii Contents

A Compact Dual Wide Band Patch Antenna with Modiﬁed Ground Plane ...... 93 Priyanka Jain, Shagun Maheshwari and Archana Agarwal Contention Sensitive Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks...... 99 Richa Sharma, Neha Janu and Chhagan Doot An Analytical Approach for Accurate Design of MSPA Using Dielectric Constant Engineering (DCE)...... 107 Monika Mathur, Ghanshyam Singh and S.K. Bhatnagar Design of CAN-Based Enhanced Event Data Recorder and Evidence Collecting System...... 115 Pankaj H. Chandankhede and M.M. Khanapurkar Detection of Brain Tumor in MRI Images, Using Fuzzy C-Means Segmented Images and Artiﬁcial Neural Network...... 123 Parveen and Amritpal Singh Multiple Inputs Combinational Logic Minimization by Minterms Set ...... 133 Sahadev Roy, Rajesh Saha and Chandan Tilak Bhunia Design and Simulation of 16 × 8 Synchronous SRAM in 90 nm CMOS Technology ...... 141 Vipul Bhatnagar, Pradeep Kumar and Sujata Pandey A Voltage-Mode Nonlinear-Synapse Neural Circuit for Bi-partitioning of Graphs...... 151 Mohd Samar Ansari CNFET-Based Resistive Sensor Interface with Voltage/Current-Mode Readouts ...... 159 Mohd Samar Ansari and S.K. Tripathi Design of CMOS Ring Oscillators with Low Phase Noise and Power Dissipation for Data Transmission in RF Range ...... 167 Dhruba Ghosh, Malay Ranjan Tripathy and Sujata Pandey A Novel Hybrid Method for Segmentation of Ultrasound Images ..... 175 Yogendra Singh Poonia, Ramesh Kumar Sunkaria, Deepti Mittal and Dipesh Kumar Patidar Temperature Sensor Using a SMF-PCF-SMF Heterostructure...... 187 Rekha Mehra and Heena Shahani Investigation of Channel Drop Filter Based on Two Dimensional Photonic Crystal Structure ...... 193 Ritu Sharma, Mayur Kumar Chhipa and Lalit Kumar Dusad Contents xix

Design and Analysis of a Nano-Fiber with All-Normal and Flat Dispersion for Supercontinuum Generation ...... 201 Than Singh Saini, Ajeet Kumar and Ravindra Kumar Sinha Investigation of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier for DWDM System with 50 GHz Channel Spacing ...... 209 Aruna Rani and Sanjeev Dewra Automatic License Plate Recognition System Using Raspberry Pi ..... 217 Vijayaraghavan Sundararaman, T.G. Vijayalakshmi, G.V. Swathi and Sambit Mohapatra Multiple Sink Data Aggregation...... 223 Krishna Joshi, T.P. Sharma, Shadab Siddiqui and Shahin Fatima Handwritten Devnagari Script Database Development for Off-Line Hindi Character with Matra (Modifiers) ...... 233 Maninder Singh Nehra, Neeta Nain and Mushtaq Ahmed Part-of-Speech Tagging of Hindi Corpus Using Rule-Based Method . . . 241 Deepa Modi and Neeta Nain A Survey on Security Analysis in Cloud Computing ...... 249 Suryambika, Abhishek Bajpai and Shruti Singh Copper Nanofilm Antenna Design and Development: For X-Band Wireless Sensor Applications ...... 263 Rajendra R. Patil, R.M. Vani and P.V. Hunagund Vein Biometric Template Security Using Overlapped Shares Accounting for Minimum Storage ...... 271 Ruchika Solanki, Saurabh Maheshwari, Vineet Khanna and Kalpana Sharma Miniaturization of MEMs-Based Smart Patch Antennas for Biomedical Applications...... 279 Shankar Bhattacharjee and Santanu Maity Authentication of Primary User at Physical Layer Through Approximation in Cognitive Radio...... 287 Muzzammil Hussain and Suditi Choudhary Data-Based Correlation Scheme...... 297 Krishna Joshi, Shadab Siddiqui and Shahin Fatima A Comparative Analysis of Different LFSR-Based Ciphers and Parallel Computing Platforms for Development of Generic Cipher Compatible on both Hardware and Software Platforms...... 305 Trishla Shah, Darshana Upadhyay and Priyanka Sharma xx Contents

Generation of Automatic Variable Key to Make Secure Communication...... 317 Bishal Kumar Singh, Subhasish Banerjee, Manash P. Dutta and C.T. Bhunia Vector Evaluated Genetic Algorithm-Based Distributed Query Plan Generation in Distributed Database ...... 325 Vikash Mishra and Vikram Singh A Novel MEMS-Based Frequency Tunable Rectangular Patch Antenna ...... 339 Rajesh Saha, Santanu Maity and Lipi Sarkar Design and Optimization of Band-Stop Filter Using Metamaterial Structures for K-Band Applications ...... 347 Ngasepam Monica Devi and Santanu Maity Low-Cost Crash Protection System for Heavy Motor Vehicles...... 353 Vishwajit Nandi, Rijita Poddar, Rajesh Saha and Sahadev Roy Effect of Parasitic Elements on Non-inverting Buck-Boost Converter Used in PV System ...... 359 Subramanya Bhat and H.N. Nagaraja Effective Medium Approximation for Deﬁning the Unavoidable Resistance of Solar Cell Front Contact...... 367 S. Maity, P. Chakraborty, R. Raushan, C.T. Bhunia and P.P. Sahu A Novel Low-Power Design Approach to Exploit the Power Usage of AMBA APB Bridge...... 373 Kiran Rawat, Kanika Sahni, Sujata Pandey and Ziauddin Ahmad Solar Wind and Diesel Hybrid Energy System: A Review ...... 381 R.A. Gupta, Bhim Singh and Bharat Bhushan Jain Analysis and Optimization of Stability for 6T SRAM Cell Using 180 nm Technology ...... 391 Nidhi Tiwari, Srishti Gusain, Surabhi Chakravorty, Ankita Nirankari and Apoorva Khandelwal Harvesting Electric Field Energy for Powering Wireless Sensors of Smart Grid...... 399 Anil Boyal, Akanksha Deo, Amit Kr. Pandey and Amit Limba

Chalcogenide (LiGaSe2, LiGISe, LiGaS2): A Perfect Material to Design Highly Nonlinear PCFs for Supercontinuum Generation .... 409 Sandeep Vyas, Manish Tiwari, Takasumi Tanabe and Ghanshyam Singh Contents xxi

Mach–Zehnder Interferometer: A Review of a Perfect All-Optical Switching Structure...... 415 A.I. Stanley, Ghanshyam Singh, James Eke and Hiroyuki Tsuda Design and Analysis of Different Decoders for SAC-OCDMA Systems ...... 427 Soma Kumawat and M. Ravi Kumar An Efficient Trust-Based Routing Scheme by Max-Min Composition of Fuzzy Logic for MANET ...... 435 Joydeep Kundu, Koushik Majumder and Debashis De Modified D-Latch Enabled BEC1 Carry-Select Adder with Low Power-Delay Product and Area Efficiency ...... 441 Sakshi Bhatnagar, Harsh Gupta and Swapnil Jain Identification of Devanagari Script from Bilingual Printed Text Documents ...... 451 Ranjana S. Zinjore and R.J. Ramteke Ultra-Wideband Equal Power Divider Using Stepped-Impedance Technology ...... 463 Atul Kumar Agrawal and Deepak Bhatia Implementation and Performance Analysis of Enhanced SHA-192..... 471 Harshita and Sarvesh Tanwar Human Object Detection in Images Using Shift-Invariant Stationary Wavelet Transform...... 481 Om Prakash, Manish Khare, Nguyen Thanh Binh and Ashish Khare A Novel Framework for Extracting GeoSpatial Information Using SPARQL Query and Multiple Header Extraction Sources ...... 489 Poonam Malpani, Paras Bassi, Mehul Mahrishi and Vipin Jain Secure Data Sharing with Data Integrity in Public Clouds Using Mediated Certificate-Less Encryption ...... 501 Atesh Kumar, Saurabh Mishra, Priyank Dubey and Niraj Kumar K-N Secrete Sharing Scheme of Visual Cryptography for Hiding Image Using 2 × 2 Blocks Replacement ...... 511 Ashish Sharma and Devesh Kumar Srivastava Stepping Stone Detection Techniques: Classification and State-of-the-Art ...... 523 Rahul Kumar and B.B. Gupta CBIR Feature Extraction Using Neuro-Fuzzy Approach ...... 535 Ajay Kumar Bansal and Swati Mathur xxii Contents

Multiband and Wideband Antenna for Wi-Fi, WLAN, X-Band and Space Research Applications ...... 543 Goswami Siddhant Arun, Deepak C. Karia and Bhushan Dhengale Triple Band Slotted Antenna for Wireless Applications...... 559 Ankur Dalmiya and Om Prakash Sharma A Compact Design of Modiﬁed E-shaped Ground Plane Patch Antenna for Broadband Applications ...... 567 Sanjay Sharma and Sanyog Rawat Frequency Switching in Coupled Microstrip Line Loaded with Split-Ring Resonator ...... 573 Gurwinder Singh, Rajni and Anupma Marwaha A New Compact Dual Band Microstrip BPF for GSM (1.8GHz) and WiMAX Using Asymmetric Stepped Impedance Resonators ...... 581 Tasher Ali Sheikh, Janmoni Borah, Sahadev Roy and Abhishek Kumar Pandey Performance Analysis of ZigBee Mesh Networks Under Nodes Failure ...... 589 Jashan Preet Kaur, Rajdeep Kaur and Gurpreet Singh Mann Probabilistic-Based Energy Efﬁcient Dynamic Route Discovery in MANET’s...... 599 Madan Mohan Agarwal, M.C. Govil and Anuj Kumar Jhankal A Survey Paper on Computational Intelligence Approaches ...... 609 S. Taruna and Nidhi Bhartiya

Simulation of p-GaN/i-InαGa(1-α)N/n-GaN Solar Cell for Maximum Efﬁciency ...... 619 Manoj Thosar, R.K. Khanna and Ashwini Joshi Thosar Assessing the Severity of Attacks in Wireless Networks...... 627 Jeril Kuriakose, V. Amruth, R. Jaya Krishna and Devesh Kumar Srivastava SD and TCH Blocking KPI Improvement Without Adding TRX Unit in BTS in GSM Network ...... 635 Jitendra Vaswani and Gaurav Sharma Design and Analysis of Right-Angled EBG Structure ...... 645 Ajay Yadav, Dinesh Sethi, Priyanka Rahi and R.K. Khanna High-Speed Packet Encoded Error Correction Technique for Wireless HD Video Streaming ...... 657 C.P. Latha, M.B. Manjunatha and A. Mohsin Khan Contents xxiii

Review of Circular Polarization Techniques for Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna ...... 663 Madhuri Sahal and V.N. Tiwari A Proposed Modification Over Learning Vector Quantization and K-Means Algorithms for Performance Enhancement ...... 671 Shirish Nagar and Ajay Khunteta Taxonomy of Recent DDoS Attack Prevention, Detection, and Response Schemes in Cloud Environment ...... 683 Omkar P. Badve and B.B. Gupta Design of Compact Concentric Circular Ring Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Plane ...... 695 Neelam Choudhary, Ajay Tiwari, Brajraj Sharma, J.S. Saini and D. Bhatnagar On the Bandwidth Enhancement of Modified Star-Triangular Fractal Antenna ...... 703 Simarpreet Kaur, Rajni and Gurwinder Singh A Simple Miniaturized Dual Band Antenna for WiMAX/WLAN Applications ...... 711 Nirma Kumawat and Krishna Rathore Fault Detection for the Cluster-Based System in Wireless Sensor Networks ...... 719 Rimpi Goyal and Sukhwinder Singh Sran Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of Single-Layered Slotted Triangular-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna with Stub for WLAN Applications ...... 729 Dheeraj Bhardwaj, Gitansh Gulati, Lakshit Bhardwaj and Komal Sharma Design of Dual Resonator Broadband Multilayer Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip Antenna for X-Band Applications ...... 741 Dheeraj Bhardwaj, Aayush Dwivedi, Nidhi Jain and Komal Sharma An Environment Aware Frequency Selective Headset ...... 751 Sambit Mohapatra, G.V. Swathi and Vijayaraghavan Sundararaman Performance Analysis and Optimization of 40 Gbps Transmission System over 4000 km with FBG ...... 759 Mukesh Kumar Gupta, Jyoti Agarwal, Anila Dhingra and Ghanshyam Singh Broadband Modified U-Shaped Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication...... 767 Devendra Mehra and Sanyog Rawat xxiv Contents

Performance Improvement of Epidemic Routing Protocol of Delay Tolerant Networks Using Improved Buffer Management...... 773 Harminder Singh Bindra Elliptically Slotted Self-affine 8-Shaped Fractal Multiband Antenna.... 783 Rohit Gurjar, Ravi Singh and Saurabh Kumar Design of Compact Triangular Patch Antenna for WiMax Applications ...... 791 Manisha Gupta and Vinita Mathur Post-accident Assistance Using On-Board Diagnostics and Smartphones ...... 797 Arghya Biswas and Abhishek Pal Digital Image Forensics and Counter Anti-forensics ...... 805 Neha Singh and Sandeep Joshi Can We Use Mass-Based Similarity Measure in Classification? ...... 813 Ashish Kumar, Roheet Bhatnagar and Sumit Srivastava CNT-Based Biomedical Sensor for Cancer Detection...... 821 Argha Sarkar, B. Madhuri, Shivam Kumar and Santanu Maity Effective Role of Thrashing in Load Balancing During VM Live Migration...... 829 Pradeep Kumar Tiwari and Sandeep Joshi Real-Time Abandoned Object Detection Using Video Surveillance..... 837 Aditya Gupta, V.R. Stapute, K.D. Kulat and Neeraj Bokde Request Allocation and Resource Management Techniques in Cloud Computing ...... 845 Swati Khemka and Mehul Mahrishi Blind Image Watermarking of Variable Block Size for Copyright Protection ...... 853 Amit M. Joshi, Monica Bapna and Manisha Meena Compact Goblet-Shaped Single Band-Notched UWB Antenna...... 861 Rajesh Kumar Raj, Krishna Rathore, Bhavana Peswani, Roopkishor Sharma and H.R. Chaudhary An Application of Firefly Algorithm for Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks ...... 869 Arshad Nadeem, T. Shankar, Rakesh Kumar Sharma and Sourabh K. Roy Microstrip Antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for Multiband Operation ...... 879 Vinay Sharma and Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma Contents xxv

Design of a Compact Novel Planar Dual Band-Notched UWB Antenna ...... 889 Sanjiv Tomar and Ajay Kumar X-Band and Ku-Band Patch Antenna for Radio Location Applications ...... 897 Amit Singh Bhadouria, Suman Kumari and Mithilesh Kumar Procuring Wireless Sensor Actuator Network Security ...... 905 Jasminder Kaur Sandhu and Sharad Saxena Performance Analysis of VoIP over WiMAX Networks Under Nodes Failure ...... 917 Jinia and Jarnail Singh Design of Reduced Order Controller for Mechanical System...... 925 Jyoti Kataria, Manish Kumar Madhav and Sunny Kumar Verma A Survey on Black Hole Attack in MANET ...... 933 Shruti Singh, Abhishek Bajpai and Suryambika Area-Efficient FPGA Model of LMS Filtering Algorithm ...... 943 Devendra Goyal and Manish Singhal An Efficient Hybrid-Cascaded Framework for Emission Computed Tomography Using OSEM Image Reconstruction Algorithm...... 953 Shailendra Tiwari and Rajeev Srivastava A Review of Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks ...... 963 Simerjeet Kaur, Rajni and Barinder Paul Singh A Study of Phase Shifting Surface ...... 973 Neha Singh and Kamal Kishor Choure Review on Student Attendance Maintenance System: A Discontentment ...... 987 Anshuman Kalla and Dileep Kumar Tiwari

Author Index ...... 999 About the Editors

Dr. Nitin Afzalpulkar started his research in the late 80s focusing on robotics, especially parallel robotic architectures and their implementations on transputer networks. He published several journal papers in this area and received a best conference paper award in 1989 in New Zealand. In the mid-90s his research interests turned to computer vision and its application for robotics. Here his initial work was on stereo vision algorithms and its implementation on robotic platforms. Currently, one main area of his research is still computer vision with focus on tracking and identiﬁ- cation of human, emotion and gesture recognition, application of machine vision for electronics industry. He has published extensively in international journals and conferences with two international best paper awards (Germany and Croatia) and has received three US patents in this area. In early 2000, he started research on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) which forms a major area of his current research. He has published several papers in top journals in MEMS area and his book titled “Microﬂuidics and BioMEMS: Design, Fabrication and Applications” was published in 2009.

Dr. Vishnu Srivastava is presently working as Chief Scientist and Head of the Microwave Tubes Division, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani (Rajasthan), India, and as Professor of Ac-SIR (Academy for Scientiﬁc and Innovative Research, New Delhi). He received the M.Sc. degree in Physics from Rajasthan University, Jaipur, in 1975, and the Ph.D. degree in Engineering from Lancaster University, UK in 1987. He was a commonwealth scholar from 1984 to 1987 in the UK, and was Junior Research Fellow at Rajasthan

xxvii xxviii About the Editors

University during 1975. He joined CSIR-CEERI, Pilani, in January 1976. At CEERI, he was involved with the design and development of various types of high power vacuum microwave devices for communication and radars. He developed X-band 200 kW tunable coaxial magnetron for ECCM radars. He developed space-qualified C-band 60 W TWT and Ku-band 140 W TWT for satellite communication. He developed SUNRAY-codes for small-signal and large signal analysis of beam–wave interaction in TWTs. His successfully developed SUNRAY-1D software code for multi-signal analysis of beam–wave interaction in TWTs, was exported to UK., and was also purchased by MTRDC (DRDO), Bangalore. He developed technologies for the successful development of high efficiency vacuum microwave amplifiers (Space TWTs) for satellite communication. Presently, he is associated with the design and development of vacuum microelectronic devices for THz communication—requiring innovations in MEMS technologies (UV LIGA processes) for such devices. He has more than 120 research publications in different national and international journals, and has already guided 8 Ph.D. students and more than 60 ME/MTech students. He received IETE—JC Bose memorial awards for best engineering paper and best project team . He is a fellow of IETE and VEDA Society, and senior member of IEEE, CSI, IPA, IVS, PSI, and IFTA. Recently, he was awarded Honorary Fellowship of Society for Education & Research Development (SERD), New Delhi. His present interests are in the design and development of high efficiency, high power vacuum microelectronic devices for mm- and sub-mm-wave frequencies.

Dr. Ghanshyam Singh has more than 15 years of teaching and research experience and is currently Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering at Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India. He obtained his Bachelor’s degree in Electronics & Communication Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, India and his Master’s and Ph.D. degrees in Electronics & Communication Engineering from Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India. He has guided more than 20 master’s theses and is presently guiding 6 Ph.D. research scholars. His areas of research interest include optical communication engineering, optical switches, optical logic gates & circuits, photonic crystal ﬁbers, nano-photonics, nano-optical structures, RF & microwave devices, microstrip and smart antennas. He has worked with the Optics group at the Department of Physics, Herriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK, under the research grant from TEQIP, Government of India. He had also been a recipient of CIMO fellowship from Government of Finland to work with photonics groups at Nanofabrication Laboratory, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland. He has been a Visiting Professor at Tsuda Labs, About the Editors xxix

Department of EEE, KEIO University, Hiyoshi Campus, Japan and participated in IKSS, Krutyn Poland. He is presently engaged in a DST-JSPS sponsored research project with Prof. Hiroyuki Tsuda & Group, KEIO University, Japan (Period: 2014–2016). He is presently a member of IEEE Photonic Society, SPIE, Optical Society of America (OSA), Optical Society of India (OSI), Indian Laser Society (ILA), Broadcast Engineering Society of India (BESI), IETE India, Institute of Engineers India, and Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE).

Dr. Deepak Bhatnagar He obtained his Master’s and Ph.D. degrees from university of Rajasthan Jaipur in 1981 and 1986 respectively. Presently he is working as Professor in Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan and Director, Center for Converging Technologies. He is heading Microwave and Communication Group in Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. His main area of research interest is design of antennas for mobile, wireless and satellite communication systems. Till date 20 students have obtained their Ph.D. degree under his supervision. He has produced nearly 200 research papers in international and national journals and proceedings of various international and national conferences. He is author of six books for under graduate students of Rajasthan state. He has successfully completed ﬁve major research projects sanctioned by ISRO, Bangalore, UGC, New Delhi, DST, New Delhi and DIT, New Delhi. He is senior member of IEEE, USA and Fellow of IETE (India).