United States In cooperation with Department of Kentucky Natural Agriculture Resources and Soil Survey of Environmental Protection Natural Cabinet and Kentucky Fulton County, Resources Agricultural Experiment Conservation Station Service Kentucky

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How To Use This Soil Survey

General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of the soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Turn to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. 4

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 2001. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 2002. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2002. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet, and the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. The survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Fulton County Soil and Water Conservation District. Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Cover: Upper Picture—No-till soybeans (foreground) and corn (background) on Loring and Memphis soils. Lower Picture—Towboat pushing a loaded barge down the Mississippi River.

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web. The address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov. 5

Issued 2004

Contents

Cover ...... 1 Bf—Bardwell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent How To Use This Soil Survey ...... 3 slopes, frequently flooded...... 36 Contents ...... 5 Bn—Bondurant silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent Foreword ...... 9 slopes, protected ...... 37 General Nature of the Survey Area ...... 12 Bo—Bondurant silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent History and Development ...... 12 slopes, frequently flooded...... 38 Physiography, Relief, and Drainage ...... 12 Br—Bowdre silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Farming ...... 14 protected ...... 39 Natural Resources and Industry ...... 15 Bw—Bowdre silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Transportation Facilities ...... 17 frequently flooded ...... 40 Climate ...... 18 CaA—Calloway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent How This Survey Was Made ...... 18 slopes ...... 42 Survey Procedures ...... 19 CaB2—Calloway silt loam, 2 to 4 percent General Soil Map Units ...... 21 slopes, eroded ...... 43 MLRA 131—Southern Mississippi Valley CeA—Center silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes .... 44 Alluvium ...... 21 CfA—Center silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, 1. Crevasse-Robinsonville...... 21 occasionally flooded ...... 45 2. Bowdre-Bondurant-Commerce ...... 22 Cg—Collins silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 3. Commerce-Ware-Bardwell ...... 23 occasionally flooded ...... 46 4. Sharkey-Tunica ...... 23 Ch—Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent 5. Openlake-Keyespoint ...... 23 slopes, protected ...... 48 6. Bardwell-Commerce ...... 23 Ck—Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent 7. Convent-Adler ...... 24 slopes, occasionally flooded ...... 49 MLRA 134—Southern Mississippi Valley Silty Cm—Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Uplands ...... 24 slopes, frequently flooded...... 50 8. Memphis ...... 24 Cn—Commerce silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent 9. Loring-Memphis...... 25 slopes, occasionally flooded ...... 51 10. Loring-Feliciana ...... 25 Co—Commerce silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent 11. Loring-Grenada ...... 25 slopes, frequently flooded...... 52 12. Grenada-Calloway ...... 26 Cp—Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 13. Kurk-Convent-Dekoven...... 26 protected ...... 53 14. Convent-Mhoon-Routon...... 27 Cr—Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Detailed Soil Map Units ...... 29 occasionally flooded ...... 55 Ac—Adler silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Cs—Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected ...... 30 frequently flooded ...... 56 Ad—Adler silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Ct—Convent-Mhoon complex, 0 to 2 percent occasionally flooded ...... 31 slopes, occasionally flooded ...... 57 Ba—Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Cu—Convent-Mhoon complex, 0 to 2 percent protected ...... 32 slopes, frequently flooded...... 58 Bd—Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Cv—Crevasse loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent occasionally flooded ...... 33 slopes, occasionally flooded ...... 60 Be—Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Cw—Crevasse loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent frequently flooded ...... 34 slopes, frequently flooded...... 61 6

Cx—Crevasse silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, Ke—Keyespoint silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent frequently flooded ...... 62 slopes, protected ...... 86 De—Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent Kf—Keyespoint silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ...... 63 slopes, frequently flooded...... 87 Dk—Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent KrA—Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 88 slopes, frequently flooded...... 64 KsA—Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Do—Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent occasionally flooded ...... 89 slopes, occasionally flooded, overwash ...... 65 KuA—Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Dv—Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent frequently flooded ...... 90 slopes, frequently flooded, overwash ...... 67 LEVEE—Levee ...... 92 Fa—Falaya silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, LoA—Loring silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 92 occasionally flooded ...... 68 LoB—Loring silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ...... 93 Fc—Falaya-Waverly complex, 0 to 2 percent LoB2—Loring silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, slopes, occasionally flooded ...... 69 eroded ...... 94 FnA—Feliciana silt loam, 0 to 2 percent LoB3—Loring silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, slopes ...... 71 severely eroded ...... 95 FnB—Feliciana silt loam, 2 to 6 percent LoC2—Loring silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes ...... 72 slopes, eroded ...... 96 FnB2—Feliciana silt loam, 2 to 6 percent LoC3—Loring silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded ...... 72 slopes, severely eroded...... 98 FnC2—Feliciana silt loam, 6 to 12 percent LoD3—Loring silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded ...... 73 slopes, severely eroded...... 99 FnC3—Feliciana silt loam, 6 to 12 percent M-W—Miscellaneous water ...... 100 slopes, severely eroded...... 74 MeA—Memphis silt loam, 0 to 2 percent FnD3—Feliciana silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes ...... 100 slopes, severely eroded...... 75 MeB—Memphis silt loam, 2 to 6 percent FnE3—Feliciana silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes ...... 101 slopes, severely eroded...... 76 MeB2—Memphis silt loam, 2 to 6 percent GrA—Grenada silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, eroded ...... 102 slopes ...... 77 MeC2—Memphis silt loam, 6 to 12 percent GrB—Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded ...... 103 slopes ...... 78 MeC3—Memphis silt loam, 6 to 12 percent GrB2—Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, severely eroded...... 104 slopes, eroded ...... 80 MeD3—Memphis silt loam, 12 to 20 percent GrB3—Grenada silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, severely eroded...... 105 slopes, severely eroded...... 81 MeE3—Memphis silt loam, 20 to 30 percent GrC2—Grenada silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded...... 107 slopes, eroded ...... 82 MmF—Memphis-Natchez complex, 30 to 50 GrC3—Grenada silt loam, 6 to 12 percent percent slopes, gullied ...... 108 slopes, severely eroded...... 83 Mo—Mhoon silt loam, ponded ...... 109 GuF—Gullied land-Memphis complex, Op—Openlake silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent 30 to 50 percent slopes ...... 85 slopes, protected ...... 110 7

Os—Openlake silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent Wm—Ware loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, slopes, frequently flooded...... 111 occasionally flooded ...... 134 Ph—Phillippy silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent Wr—Ware silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, slopes, protected ...... 112 protected ...... 136 Pp—Phillippy silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent Ws—Ware silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, slopes, frequently flooded...... 113 frequently flooded ...... 137 PtD—Pits-Udorthents complex, 0 to 20 Prime Farmland ...... 139 percent slopes ...... 115 Use and Management of the Soils ...... 141 Ra—Riverwash, 0 to 3 percent slopes, Interpretive Ratings ...... 141 frequently flooded ...... 115 Crops and Pasture ...... 141 Rb—Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 Forest Productivity and Management ...... 150 percent slopes, protected ...... 115 Recreation ...... 152 Rc—Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 Wildlife Habitat ...... 153 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ...... 116 Engineering ...... 156 Rf—Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 Soil Properties ...... 163 percent slopes, frequently flooded ...... 117 Engineering Index Properties ...... 163 RmD—Robinsonville fine sandy loam, natural Physical and Chemical Properties ...... 164 levee, 8 to 25 percent slopes, occasionally Water Features ...... 165 flooded ...... 118 Soil Features ...... 166 Ro—Roellen silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Physical and Chemical Analyses of Selected occasionally flooded ...... 120 Soils ...... 166 RsA—Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Classification of the Soils ...... 169 slopes ...... 121 Soil Series and Their Morphology ...... 171 RtA—Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Adler Series ...... 172 occasionally flooded ...... 123 Bardwell Series ...... 173 RuA—Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Bondurant Series ...... 174 frequently flooded ...... 124 Bowdre Series...... 175 Sc—Sharkey silty clay, ponded ...... 125 Calloway Series ...... 177 Sh—Sharkey silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Center Series ...... 178 protected ...... 127 Collins Series ...... 179 Sk—Sharkey silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Commerce Series ...... 180 frequently flooded ...... 128 Convent Series ...... 181 Tc—Tunica silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Crevasse Series...... 183 protected ...... 129 Dekoven Series...... 183 Tu—Tunica silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Falaya Series ...... 185 frequently flooded ...... 130 Feliciana Series ...... 186 UdC—Udorthents-Urban land complex, Grenada Series ...... 187 5 to 25 percent slopes ...... 132 Keyespoint Series ...... 189 UrB—Urban land-Udorthents complex, Kurk Series ...... 190 2 to 8 percent slopes ...... 132 Loring Series ...... 192 W—Water ...... 133 Memphis Series ...... 193 Wa—Ware loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Mhoon Series ...... 194 protected ...... 133 Natchez Series...... 195 8

Openlake Series ...... 195 Table 5.—Prime Farmland ...... 236 Phillippy Series ...... 196 Table 6.—Land Capability and Yields per Robinsonville Series ...... 198 Acre of Crops and Pasture ...... 238 Roellen Series...... 199 Table 7.--Acreage by Capability Class and Routon Series ...... 199 Subclass ...... 243 Sharkey Series...... 202 Table 8.—Forest Productivity ...... 244 Tunica Series ...... 203 Table 9a.—Forestland Management ...... 250 Udorthents ...... 204 Table 9b.—Forestland Management ...... 258 Ware Series ...... 204 Table 9c.—Forestland Management ...... 266 Waverly Series ...... 205 Table 9d.—Forestland Management ...... 271 Formation of the Soils ...... 207 Table 10a.—Recreational Development ...... 275 Factors of Soil Formation ...... 207 Table 10b.—Recreational Development ...... 285 Parent Material ...... 207 Table 11.—Wildlife Habitat ...... 294 Topography ...... 208 Table 12a.—Building Site Development ...... 298 Climate ...... 209 Table 12b.—uilding Site Development ...... 307 Living Organisms ...... 210 Table 13.—Sanitary Facilities ...... 318 Time ...... 210 Table 14.—Construction Materials ...... 333 Processes of Horizon Differentiation ...... 211 Table 15.—Water Management ...... 345 Geology, Geomorphic, and Soil Relationships ..... 212 Table 16.—Engineering Index Properties...... 352 Loess ...... 212 Table 17.—Physical and Chemical Properties Alluvium ...... 215 of the Soils ...... 362 References ...... 217 Table 18.—Water Features ...... 367 Glossary ...... 221 Table 19.—Soil Features ...... 377 Tables ...... 231 Table 20.—Physical Analyses of Selected Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation ...... 232 Soils ...... 380 Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall...... 233 Table 21.—Chemical Analyses of Selected Table 3.—Growing Season ...... 233 Soils ...... 381 Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent Table 22.—Classification of the Soils ...... 382 of the Soils ...... 234 9

Foreword

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land uses on the environment. This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters, and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them understand, protect, and enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described. Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

David G. Sawyer State Conservationist Natural Resources Conservation Service

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Soil Survey of Fulton County, Kentucky

By Jerry E. McIntosh, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by Jerry E. McIntosh and Phillip G. Gregory, Natural Resources Conservation Service; and Kenneth E. Scott, Kentucky Department for Natural Resources, Division of Conservation

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, and Fulton County Conservation District

This soil survey updates an older survey of Fulton County published in 1964 and later reissued in 1987 (USDA, 1964). This updated soil survey provides newer soil maps containing contemporary photographic imagery, current soil series names and descriptions, and improved soil interpretive data for land use planning and management. FULTON COUNTY is in the extreme southwestern part of Kentucky (fig. 1). It is bounded on the north and east by Hickman County; on the south by Obion and Lake Counties in Tennessee; and by the Mississippi River along its western boundary with New Madrid and Mississippi counties in Missouri. The main body of the county is 30 miles from east to west, and about 7 miles on average, from north to south. Figure 1.—Location of Fulton County in Kentucky. Fulton County has a total land area of 135,264 acres, or just over 211 square miles. The Mississippi a population of 2,775 in 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau, River along its western boundary accounts for 2000). It is the urban and economic hub of the county. approximately 12,224 acres of water, a little more Traditionally, Fulton County has been a rural, than 8 percent of the total area. The river separates agricultural area. Its gently rolling upland terrain, nearly 16,000 acres from the main body of the county. fertile river bottomlands, and favorable climate all About 70 percent of this acreage is in Madrid Bend, contribute to it being a leading grain-producing area in which is accessed through Lake County in the state. According to the 1997 National Resources Tennessee. The other 30 percent is on Island Inventory, about 69 percent of the county was in Number 8, which is accessible only by boat. farmland and 20 percent was in woodland. In 2000, Fulton County had a population of 7,752. Approximately 89 percent of the farmland was in row Hickman, the county seat, is in the western part of the crop production with corn, wheat, and soybeans as county with much of the town located atop a bluff the principal crops. Four percent of the farmland was overlooking the Mississippi River. Hickman had a used as pasture and hay production for beef cattle population of 2,560 in 2000. Fulton, located in the (USDA, 1997b). southeast corner of the county, is the largest city with Agriculture and related service companies are 12 Soil Survey

economically important industries to residents of Louisville and Nashville railroad. For years the city Fulton County. In addition, the location of several hosted an annual banana festival in mid September. large manufacturers in area towns and cities, such as The festival has since been replaced by a weekend- Union City in Tennessee and Mayfield, Murray, long celebration known as Pontotoc Weekend. Paducah, and Calvert City in Kentucky, provide a Presently, the population of Fulton County is about variety of employment opportunities for Fulton County the same as it was in the late 1800s. There were residents. 7,977 residents in 1880, whereas 7,752 people currently reside in Fulton County according to the General Nature of the Survey Area latest census. The population of the county peaked in 1940 at 15,413 (USDA, 1964). This section gives general information about the From its earliest beginnings, Fulton County has survey area. It discusses the county’s history and relied heavily on agricultural production as a way of development; physiography, relief, and drainage; life. For the early settlers, farming was mainly on a farming; natural resources and industry; subsistence level with crops grown primarily for local transportation facilities; and climate. consumption and for meeting livestock needs. Today, however, agriculture in Fulton County consists of History and Development fewer farmers and larger individual farming enterprises. Also, a larger portion of the population is Fulton County was established in 1845 in western employed with various industries in Fulton, Hickman, Kentucky’s Jackson Purchase Region. The rights to and nearby towns and cities. the area known as the Purchase were acquired for The Fulton County Conservation District was $300,000 by the U.S. government in 1818 from the established in 1949. Through the leadership of local Chickasaw Indians. General Andrew Jackson was the supervisors and technical assistance provided by the chief negotiator for this land deal, thus the common Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly association of his name with this physiographic area the Soil Conservation Service), the conservation of Kentucky stretches from the Tennessee River district has had a positive impact on the total quality of (Kentucky Lake) westward to the Mississippi River. the environment in Fulton County. The district has The area was organized three years later into been a leader in implementing cost effective erosion- Hickman County, with the county seat located at control measures and practices, improving drainage Columbus. on thousands of acres of cropland, and enhancing a In 1845, a section of the southwestern part of variety of wildlife habitat. Hickman County was set apart and organized as a separate county. It was named in honor of Robert Physiography, Relief, and Drainage Fulton, the great inventor and the first to make steamboat navigation a commercial success. The first Fulton County lies in the southwest corner of permanent settlement in the area actually occurred 26 Kentucky’s Jackson Purchase Physiographic Region. years earlier in 1819 atop a bluff overlooking the great Characteristic of the state of Kentucky itself, Fulton Mississippi River. The site was named Mills Point County physiographically contains great variety and after James Mills, one of the early settlers. Mills Point contrast from its east to west boundaries. was later renamed Hickman with the establishment of On a larger geographical scale, about 56 percent Kentucky’s 99th county in 1845. of the county is part of the Southern Mississippi Valley The city of Fulton was settled in 1860. It serves as Silty Uplands Major Land Resource Area, commonly the main junction of the north-south line of the Illinois referred to as MLRA 134. The remaining 44 percent Central railroad and is the urban, overland lies within the Mississippi River flood plain and is part transportation, and economic hub of the county. Until of the Southern Mississippi Valley Alluvium Major the advent of refrigerated railroad cars, Fulton was a Land Resource Area, known as MLRA 131 major distribution point for bananas sold in the (USDA, 1981). eastern United States. Bananas were loaded onto “ice MLRA 134 reefers” in New Orleans and shipped northward until reaching Fulton, at which point the railroad cars The MLRA 134 portion of the county consists of required a fresh supply of block ice to prevent approximately 75,866 acres that is predominantly part spoilage. The railroad cars were also broken down at of a gentle, northerly sloping, undulating upland plain Fulton, with the bananas being shipped northward by having been modified by varying degrees of erosion. the Illinois Central railroad and to the east by the Deep loess deposits on the uplands and silty alluvium Fulton County, Kentucky 13

along the valley floors characterize the geological commonly gently sloping to moderately steep, with makeup of this area. Approximately 77 percent of this local relief seldom exceeding 50 feet. However, along area consists of nearly level to moderately steep the Mississippi River bluff in the western part of the uplands; 9 percent is hilly to steep uplands; and 14 county the hillsides are considerably longer, steeper, percent is nearly level to gently sloping bottoms and and much more dissected with local relief ranging stream terraces. The highest elevation in Fulton from 100 feet to as much as 150 feet. County is 500 feet above sea level on a ridgetop of Approximately 84 percent of the water draining the the loess bluff, just above the Mississippi River flood uplands of Fulton County flows to the north and west plain in the southwest part of the county near the into Bayou de Chien Creek via its primary tributaries Obion County line (Carey and Stickney, 2001; of Little Bayou de Chien, Mud Creek, Cane Creek, USGS, 1971b). and Rush Creek. Bayou de Chien and the lower Generally, the landscape in MLRA 134 consists of reaches of its tributaries experience annual flooding, nearly level to gently sloping ridgetops dissected by a oftentimes lasting for long duration. Bayou de Chien young, dendritic drainage system. The slopes from Creek flows into the Mississippi River, with the the ridgetops down to the flood plain valleys are confluence occurring just north of Hickman. The

Figure 2.—Areas of the Mississippi River flood plain not protected by a levee experience frequent flooding. Looking northward from the loess bluff at Hickman, the entire Upper Bottom in Fulton County is inundated; water flowing by the Upper Bottom originates from portions of 25 states and 2 Canadian provinces. 14 Soil Survey

remaining 16 percent of the uplands drains south into elevation are subject to flooding at least once every Tennessee via North Reelfoot Creek and Harris Fork two years. High soil fertility in the Upper Bottom is in, Creek. large part, attributable to annual deposition from sediment laden floodwaters. MLRA 131 The Lower Bottom is protected from flooding by an The MLRA 131 portion of Fulton County consists of extensive earthen levee constructed by the U.S. Army approximately 59,398 acres on the flood plain of the Corps of Engineers (fig. 3). The levee begins at Mississippi River. The topography of the Mississippi Hickman and continues southward along the entire River flood plain is characterized by a system of length of the eastern side of the Mississippi River as it alternating, nearly level to undulating ridges and flows past the Lower Bottom. Certain depressional valleys. The relief is low, with elevations generally areas of the Lower Bottom and land areas adjacent to ranging between 285 to 300 feet above sea level. The the levee do experience local flooding resulting from highest areas on the flood plain are on undulating seep water. Seep water occurs as a result of ridges of natural levees, which consists of deposits of hydraulic pressure exerted on the flood plain once the loamy sediments along the banks of the present day, water level in the Mississippi River outside the levee or what were former channels of the Mississippi River attains a certain elevation (i.e., volume and in times past. The lowest areas on the flood plain are consequent weight) during high flood stage events. relatively narrow valleys consisting of swales and A levee beginning near Cates in Tennessee backswamps. These valleys are generally concave, extends up the eastern side of Madrid Bend, depressional areas dominated by clayey, slackwater preventing floodwaters from sweeping across this alluvium. Such areas are frequently flooded and area. The levee, however, does not extend around to oftentimes remain flooded for long periods during late the western side of Madrid Bend. Most of the Bend, winter and spring where not protected by levees. therefore, is subject to flooding via backwater Many areas are inundated during much of the year. originating from the south in Tennessee and Within these areas, various ditches and sloughs drain extending northward into the Bend, similar directly or indirectly into the Mississippi River. The hydrologically to that which occurs in the Upper lowest elevation in Kentucky occurs in Fulton County Bottom. On the average, areas at and below 289 feet within a backswamp in the southwest portion of in elevation are subject to flooding at least once every Madrid Bend at approximately 260 feet above sea two years. The northern tip of Madrid Bend level near the Kentucky-Tennessee state line (Carey experiences frequent flooding due to regular bank and Stickney, 2001; USGS, 1963b). overflow from the Mississippi River once it reaches There are three distinct physiographic areas of the flood stage. Mississippi River flood plain in Fulton County—the Upper Bottom, consisting of nearly 14,000 acres north Farming of Hickman; the Lower Bottom, comprising roughly 28,500 acres south and west of Hickman and Agriculture plays a major role in the Fulton County dissected by Kentucky Highway 94; and Madrid Bend, economy. In 2000, there were about 162 farms and a horseshoe-shaped 11,000-acre flood plain 83,000 acres of cropland. Row crop production is the occupying the westernmost part of Kentucky and primary farm enterprise. Fulton County traditionally is detached from the main body of the county. Highway among the leading grain-producing counties in accessibility into the Bend is from the south through Kentucky. In 2000, the county ranked among the top Tennessee. 10 counties in the state in the production of wheat The Upper Bottom is not protected by a levee and and soybeans. It ranked 11th in corn production is, therefore, subject to annual flooding from the (Kentucky Agricultural Statistics Service, 2001). Mississippi River (fig. 2). Water from a 918,500 Soybeans are planted annually on more acreage in square-mile drainage area representing the Ohio Fulton County than any other commodity crop. They River and Upper Mississippi River drainage systems are planted virtually each year on portions of the flows by the Upper Bottom portion of Fulton County. Mississippi River flood plain in the Upper Bottom and Flooding in the Upper Bottom results primarily from Madrid Bend not protected from the threat of late water “backing up” from south to north onto the flood spring flooding. Wheat plantings are reserved plain via Obion Creek and Bayou de Chien Creek primarily to the gently sloping to moderately steep once the elevation of the Mississippi River reaches upland soils of the county. A limited acreage of rice is that of the lower-lying swales and depressional areas. grown in the Lower Bottom. Corn is grown throughout On the average, areas at and below 305 feet in the entire county, except for those areas along the Fulton County, Kentucky 15

Figure 3.—This earthen levee constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provides protection from Mississippi River floodwaters in the Lower Bottom. major flood plains most susceptible to late spring as there currently are no dairy operations in Fulton flooding. County. Most row crop farming operations on the loess A limited number of farming operations have uplands utilize no-till or minimum-till cropping systems become engaged in poultry production since the mid- (fig. 4). On the average, 90 percent of the acreage 1990s. At present, approximately 4.8 million broilers planted to commodity crops on upland areas utilize are produced annually in Fulton County through conservation tillage. The long growing season and production contracts between local growers and favorable soil conditions permit a corn-wheat-soybean Tyson Foods or ConAgra, with processing plants in cropping rotation in which many farmers produce Union City, Tennessee, and Hickory, Kentucky, three crops in two years. respectively. The areas of hayland and pasture in the county support various mixtures of grasses and legumes. Natural Resources and Industry Principal hay crops are alfalfa, red clover, timothy, orchardgrass, and Kentucky 31 fescue. White clover Other than soil, the principal natural resources of and fescue are commonly grown in pasture mixtures. Fulton County are surface water, ground water, gravel Hay and pasture are utilized in beef cattle production, and sand, and timber. 16 Soil Survey

Figure 4.—Double cropping of soybeans into wheat stubble is a common agronomic practice on the loess uplands.

Water is an abundant, vital resource in the survey wells for their water supply (Carey and Stickney, area. The largest sources of surface water are the 2001). Most domestic wells within the uplands are Mississippi River, Bayou de Chien Creek, Little Bayou less than 175 feet deep and obtain ground water from de Chien Creek, Mud Creek, Obion Creek, Blue an upper Eocene sand aquifer within the Coastal Pond, Hamby Pond, and Watson Lake. The Plain sediments (USGS, 1967a-b). However, a Mississippi River is the only commercially navigable number of wells in the western part of the county in water body. Thirty-seven miles of the river flow along the highly dissected loess uplands between the western periphery of the county and is a primary Brownsville and Hickman are 175 to 250 feet deep. source of transportation for raw goods via barge Most of the larger volume municipal and industrial traffic. wells penetrate deeper into the aquifer at depths The survey area is a model for obtaining quality ranging from 400 to 550 feet at Fulton, to between ground water from aquifer-flow regimes (water- 600- and 700-foot depths at Hickman. bearing formation). Large quantities of ground water Numerous lenses of clay can be found at relatively satisfactory for domestic, agricultural, industrial, and shallow depths within the Upper Eocene aquifer. municipal uses are available (Carey and Stickney, These clay lenses retard downward movement of 2001; Grubb and Arthur, 1991; USGS, 1973; Wells, water, resulting in perched water conditions above the 1933). About 500 people in Fulton County use private main zone of saturation. Such perched water bodies Fulton County, Kentucky 17

are not dependable, with the potential for wells north of Crutchfield. Most of the smaller pulpwood completed in these shallow zones to go dry during the and wood chips are shipped to Westvaco Corporation drier part of the year. at Wickliffe to make paper. Another source of abundant ground water supplies A rather small, yet diversified, industrial base in in Fulton County is in the alluvial deposits of the Fulton and Hickman provides employment for more Mississippi River flood plain. The main zone of than one-third of the county’s labor force. Presently, saturation in the alluvium ranges from a few feet to the local industry includes enterprises engaged in the more than 25 feet below the land surface. The manufacturing of automotive glass and window trim; saturated thickness ranges from 30 to 150 feet silicon gaskets and seals; carbon electrodes; (USGS, 1967a-b and 1968). At present, only a small precision aluminum castings; concrete reinforcement volume of water is actually withdrawn from the alluvial wire; dairy products; plastic shipping containers; metal aquifer. The quantity of water within the main zone of fabrication and welding; vegetable, flower, and lawn saturation is generally adequate for most uses, seed packaging and distribution (Kentucky Cabinet though some objectionable constituents may be for Economic Development, 2001). An industrial park present (e.g., elevated hardness, iron, manganese, north of Fulton provides space for new industry. and nitrate levels). A few households in the Lower Several county residents work in nearby towns and Bottom and Madrid Bend tap the alluvial aquifer for cities including Union City in Tennessee and Mayfield, domestic water supply needs. The largest user of Murray, Paducah, and Calvert City in Kentucky. ground water within the Mississippi River valley is Tyson Foods, a poultry grow-out and processing irrigation for agricultural production. business, began initial operations in the mid-1990s. Gravel and sand occur at considerable depth Tyson operates a hatchery and processing plant at below the surficial loess on the uplands throughout Union City, Tennessee, along with a feed mill near most of Fulton County. Deposits of gravel and sand South Fulton. occur at shallowest depth in the eastern one-third of the county. Two commercial gravel pits occur in the Transportation Facilities northeast corner of the county, one each located on the east and west side of U.S. Highway 51 southeast Fulton County is accessible by state and federal of Crutchfield. Gravel is obtained from the Continental highways, railway, water, and air. Major highways deposits underlying the surficial loess mantle, include the Purchase Parkway, which skirts along the whereas sand is obtained from both the Continental southeast corner of the county near Fulton and deposits and the underlying sand formations of the connects to Interstate 24, 50 miles to the northeast. Coastal Plain sediments. The greater part of the sand U.S. Highways 45 and 51 run through Fulton on the and gravel produced is used locally for general east side of the county. There are also a number of construction and building purposes, such as state highways running through Fulton County. State subgrade for highways, parking lots, and building Highways 94 and 166 are the principal routes foundations. connecting Fulton to Hickman and are the main Large deposits of sand occur along parts of the highways spanning east to west across the county. Mississippi River flood plain, particularly those areas Kentucky Highway 239, running north-south through in close proximity to the river channel in the Upper Cayce in the center of the county, pretty much Bottom, Lower Bottom, and Madrid Bend. These dissects the main body of the county in half. deposits generally are a result of turbulent overflow of Fulton serves as a railway switchyard and is the the river onto the flood plain during high stage flood main junction of the north-south line of the Illinois events. Sand within these deposits is primarily very Central Railroad. Also, the main artery of Amtrak’s fine to medium grained. railway passenger service from Chicago to New Fulton County has about 26,000 acres of Orleans passes through Fulton, with a boarding depot forestland (USDA, 1997b). The larger tracts occur on available 0.5 mile north of Fulton on the east side of the steeper uplands along the loess bluff and the U.S. Highway 51. poorly drained bottomlands of Bayou de Chien Creek The Mississippi River provides commercial and Little Bayou de Chien Creek. Mixed stands of transportation for a number of raw products via water. second- and third-growth hardwoods are The Hickman-Fulton County Riverport Authority predominant. There are two local sawmills in located at Hickman provides barge shipment for a operation which produce hardwood lumber and variety of agricultural grains, steel, petroleum coke, switch ties, with the largest one located on U.S. and fertilizers. Two grain elevator operations at Highway 51 near the Fulton-Hickman County line Hickman purchase grain from area farmers with load- 18 Soil Survey

out facilities for conveying grain onto barges. The The average relative humidity in midafternoon is Dorena/Hickman toll ferry is one of the few remaining about 58 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the riverboat ferries in the United States still in operation. average at dawn is about 86 percent. The sun shines The ferry provides a unique opportunity to experience 68 percent of the time possible in summer and 47 the wonder and beauty of the Mississippi River percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the between Dorena, Missouri, and Hickman, Kentucky. southwest. Average windspeed is highest, around 9 The Fulton Municipal Airport is located miles per hour, from November to April. approximately 1 mile northwest of Fulton and contains a 2,700-foot paved runway for light aircraft. How This Survey Was Made Climate This survey was made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area. Prepared by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, The information includes a description of the soils and National Water and Climate Center, Portland, Oregon. miscellaneous areas and their location and a discussion of their suitability, limitations, and Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation management for specified uses. Soil scientists for the survey area as recorded at Union City in the observed the steepness, length, and shape of the period 1971 to 2000. Table 2 shows probable dates of slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring. crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. Table 3 provides data on length of the growing They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which is season. the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. In winter, the average temperature is 36.9 The profile extends from the surface down into the degrees F and the average daily minimum unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. The temperature is 27.5 degrees. The lowest temperature unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other on record, which occurred on January 9, 1942, is -22 living organisms and has not been changed by other degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 76.9 biological activity. degrees and the average daily maximum temperature The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey is 87.8 degrees. The highest recorded temperature, area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the which occurred on August 10, 1930, is 111 degrees. geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and are equivalent to “heat units.” During the month, miscellaneous area is associated with a particular growing degree days accumulate by the amount that kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By the average temperature each day exceeds a base observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the temperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthly survey area and relating their position to specific accumulation is used to schedule single or segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a successive plantings of a crop between the last concept or model of how they were formed. Thus, freeze in spring and the first freeze in fall. during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist The total annual precipitation is about 51.9 inches. to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the Of this, 29.2 inches, or 56 percent, usually falls in kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific April through October. The growing season for most location on the landscape. crops falls within this period. In 2 years out of 10, the Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge rainfall in April through October is less than 14.6 into one another as their characteristics gradually inches. The heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, of record was 5.7 inches on June 14, 1970. soil scientists must determine the boundaries Thunderstorms occur on about 60 days each year, between the soils. They can observe only a limited and most occur between May and August. number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these The average seasonal snowfall is about 9.4 inches. observations, supplemented by an understanding of The greatest snow depth at any one time during the the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are period of record was 11 inches recorded on January sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an 20, 1978. On the average, 8 days of the year have at area and to determine the boundaries. least 1 inch of snow on the ground. The number of Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the such days varies greatly from year to year. The soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, heaviest 1-day snowfall on record was 11 inches on texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and March 9, 1960. Fulton County, Kentucky 19

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, Survey Procedures reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey The general procedures followed in making this area and determining their properties, the soil survey are described in the “National Soil Survey scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes Handbook” of the Natural Resources Conservation (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each Service and in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with Division Staff, 1993; USDA, 1996). The soil survey of precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a Fulton County published in 1964 and other surveys basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. published in the Jackson Purchase Region were used Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification as references. used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind The soil survey of Fulton County is among the first and character of soil properties and the arrangement surveys in the state to be updated. The maps and soil of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists descriptions in the 1964 survey were used as a classified and named the soils in the survey area, reference of where to plot soil boundaries on modern they compared the individual soils with similar soils in photographic imagery and where to plan more the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they intensive soil investigations and transects. could confirm data and assemble additional data Before the fieldwork began, high-altitude aerial based on experience and research. photographs taken in the spring of 1992 and 1993 While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some and enlarged to a scale of 1:12,000 were studied. Soil of the soils in the area generally are collected for scientists studied U.S. Geological Survey geologic laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil and topographic maps at a scale of 1:24,000 to relate scientists interpret the data from these analyses and land and image features (USGS, 1963a-c, 1967a-c, tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and 1971a-b, and 1974). Color infrared maps were used the soil properties to determine the expected behavior to assist with interpreting soil drainage, degree and of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all extent of soil erosion, and vegetation patterns. of the soils are field tested through observation of the Refinement of existing map units or the design of new soils in different uses and under different levels of units were then made according to the pattern of soils management. Some interpretations are modified to fit interpreted from photographs, maps, and field local conditions, and some new interpretations are observations. developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled Two levels of mapping intensity were used in this from other sources, such as research information, survey. More closely spaced observations were made production records, and field experience of in the valleys and gently sloping uplands where the specialists. For example, data on crop yields under soils are used for agriculture or potential urban defined levels of management are assembled from development. Less closely-spaced observations were farm records and from field or plot experiments on the made on the steeper hillsides where the soils are same kinds of soil. used as woodland or wildlife habitat. For either level Predictions about soil behavior are based not only of mapping intensity, the information about the soils on soil properties but also on such variables as can be used to determine soil management and to climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predict the suitability of the soils for various uses. predictable over long periods of time, but they are not Some areas required remapping, particularly on predictable from year to year. For example, soil the Mississippi River flood plain within MLRA 131. scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of Traverses in these areas were made by truck or on accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table foot. The soils were examined at intervals ranging 1 within certain depths in most years, but they cannot from a few hundred feet to about /4 mile, depending predict that a high water table will always be at a on the landscape and complexity of the soil pattern. specific level in the soil on a specific date. Over the course of the previous 40 years, ditches After soil scientists located and identified the have been cut and channels have been deepened significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, and straightened, along with land-clearing and land- they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial grading operations, to improve the drainage of many photographs and identified each as a specific map of the soils in these areas. Some soil series mapped unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, in the older survey are either inactive or no longer roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating used in this state. boundaries accurately. On the nearly level to gently sloping deep loess 20

uplands, most of the soil series from the older survey fragic properties or depth to an argillic horizon. Using are still valid. In these areas, traverse intervals were these criteria rather than trying to estimate how much much wider than the norm for original mapping. Some soil has actually been lost from the surface layer adjustments of slope lines and map unit delineations promoted more consistent mapping among different were made during the course of the update. soil scientists and recognized the practical differences In many areas, such as those where steep slopes in soil management. intersect flood plains, soil boundaries are precise Samples for chemical and physical analyses were because of the abrupt change in landform. In other taken from some of the soils in the survey area. Most areas, soil boundaries cannot be exact because they of the analyses were made by the Kentucky fall within a zone of gradual change between Agricultural Experiment Station. Commonly used landforms or geology, such as an area where a laboratory procedures were followed (USDA, 1996). narrow, sloping ridgetop becomes a moderately steep The results of the analyses of selected soils are given hillside. Much intermingling of the soils occurs in in tables 19 and 20. these zones. After completion of soil mapping on high-altitude Soil boundaries were determined on the basis of aerial photographs, map unit delineations were soil examinations, observations, and photo compiled by hand to prepunched, 7-mil, single-matte interpretation. The soils were examined with the aid of mylar overlain onto 1:12,000 scale quarter-quad, a hand probe or mechanical hydraulic probe, bucket digital orthophotographic base maps. The mylar was auger, or a spade to a depth of 3 to 6 feet. Additional then scanned and converted to digital format from soil descriptions were obtained through statistical which the published survey was made at 1:12,000 sampling techniques. scale. Surface drainage and cultural features were Estimating the amount of soil loss due to erosion is also compiled to prepunched mylar overlain onto a challenge for any soil survey, particularly one having 1:12,000 scale quarter-quad, digital a significant acreage of highly erodible soils. With this orthophotographic base maps. Compilation materials survey, the degree and extent of soil erosion was and methodology were in accordance with determined based on the depth from the surface to established Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) some diagnostic subsoil feature, such as depth to standards (USDA, 1996). 21

General Soil Map Units

The general soil map in this publication shows their proximity to the present-day and former broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils, channels of the Mississippi River. relief, and drainage. Each map unit on the general Most areas of these soils are cleared and used for soil map is a unique natural landscape. Typically, it producing soybeans, corn, and wheat. Some of the consists of one or more major soils or miscellaneous most productive agricultural soils in Kentucky occur areas and some minor soils or miscellaneous areas. It on the Mississippi River flood plain. In many is named for the major soils or miscellaneous areas. instances, the physical and chemical properties of The components of one map unit can occur in these soils are favorable for high levels of sustained another but in a different pattern. crop productivity. Some of the soils, however, have The general soil map can be used to compare the productivity limitations resulting from droughtiness, suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas excessive internal wetness, and flooding where not of suitable soils can be identified on the map. protected by levees. Forty-four percent of the land Likewise, areas where the soils are not suitable can acreage in Fulton County consists of soils occurring be identified. on the Mississippi River flood plain. Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable for planning the management of a farm or field or for selecting a site for a road or building or other 1. Crevasse-Robinsonville structure. The soils in any one map unit differ from Very deep, excessively drained and well drained, place to place in slope, depth, drainage, and other nearly level to undulating, sandy and loamy soils characteristics that affect management. The descriptions, names, and delineations of the Setting soils in this survey area do not fully agree with those of the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences are Location in the survey area: Upper Bottom, Island the result of a better knowledge of soils, modifications Number 8, and Madrid Bend in series concepts, or variations in the intensity of Landscape: Flood plains mapping or in the extent of the soils in the survey Landform: Point bar deposits, splays, old natural areas. levees, and areas adjacent to or near the present-day Mississippi River channel MLRA 131—Southern Mississippi Landform position: Crevasse—point bar deposits, splays, and areas adjacent to the Mississippi Valley Alluvium River; Robinsonville—broad natural levees along the current and former channels of the Mississippi Very deep, excessively drained to poorly drained, River dominantly nearly level, sandy to clayey textured Slope range: 0 to 3 percent soils; on the Mississippi River flood plain Composition The soils comprising the map units in MLRA 131 occur on the Mississippi River flood plain. Collectively, Percent of the survey area: 5 they occur in what the local residents refer to as the Crevasse soils—61 percent Upper Bottom, Lower Bottom, Island Number 8, and Robinsonville soils—23 percent Madrid Bend. The soils in each of these areas are Minor soils—16 percent very deep, having formed in thick alluvial sediments, Minor soils and cover an array of drainage classes (poorly drained to well drained) and soil textures (sandy to • Commerce clayey). Such variations are attributed in large part to • Riverwash 22 Soil Survey

Land Use Landform position: Intermediate between old natural levees and lower lying slackwater areas Major uses: Woodland, idle land, and wildlife habitat Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Composition 2. Bowdre-Bondurant-Commerce Percent of the survey area: 9 Bowdre soils—30 percent Very deep, somewhat poorly drained, nearly level, Bondurant soils—29 percent clayey and loamy soils, or soils that are clayey in the Commerce soils—23 percent upper part and loamy in the lower part Minor soils—18 percent Setting Minor soils Location in the survey area: Lower Bottom and • Bardwell Madrid Bend • Sharkey Landscape: Flood plains • Ware Landform: Nearly level to slightly depressional alluvial Land Use plains Major uses: Cropland

Figure 5.—Like most soils on the Mississippi River flood plain, the Commerce-Ware-Bardwell general soil map unit is used almost exclusively for row crop production. Fulton County, Kentucky 23

3. Commerce-Ware-Bardwell Sharkey soils—70 percent Tunica soils—23 percent Very deep, well drained to somewhat poorly drained, Minor soils—7 percent nearly level, loamy soils Minor soils Setting • Bondurant • Bowdre Location in the survey area: Lower Bottom, Island • Keyespoint Number 8, and Madrid Bend • Openlake Landscape: Flood plains • Roellen Landform: Ridges and broad alluvial plains Landform position: Commerce—nearly level to slightly Land Use concave broad alluvial plains and along Major uses: Wildlife and waterfowl habitat, cropland, drainageways; Ware and Bardwell—ridges of and woodland higher elevation Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Composition 5. Openlake-Keyespoint Percent of the survey area: 16 Very deep, somewhat poorly drained, nearly level Commerce soils—34 percent soils that are clayey throughout or are clayey in the Ware soils—26 percent upper part and loamy in the lower part Bardwell soils—20 percent Minor soils—20 percent Setting Minor soils Location in the survey area: Upper Bottom • Bondurant Landscape: Flood plains • Bowdre Landform: Broad, nearly level to slightly depressional • Openlake alluvial plains • Phillippy Landform position: Intermediate between old natural • Robinsonville levees and lower lying slackwater areas • Sharkey Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Land Use Composition Major uses: Cropland (fig. 5) Percent of the survey area: 4 Openlake soils—52 percent Keyespoint soils—37 percent 4. Sharkey-Tunica Minor soils—11 percent Minor soils Very deep, poorly drained, nearly level soils that are clayey throughout or are clayey in the upper part and • Commerce loamy in the lower part • Sharkey • Tunica Setting Land Use Location in the survey area: Upper Bottom, Lower Major uses: Cropland Bottom, and Madrid Bend Landscape: Flood plains Landform: Swales, backswamps, and drainageways Landform position: Broad, nearly level to depressional 6. Bardwell-Commerce swales, old sloughs, drainageways, and areas of Very deep, well drained to somewhat poorly drained, slackwater alluvium nearly level, loamy soils Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Composition Setting Percent of the survey area: 6 Location in the survey area: Upper Bottom 24 Soil Survey

Landscape: Flood plains Land Use Landform: Ridges and alluvial plains Major uses: Cropland Landform position: Bardwell—ridges and broad, undulating alluvial plains of higher elevation; Commerce—nearly level to slightly depressional MLRA 134—Southern Mississippi broad alluvial plains and drainageways Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Valley Silty Uplands Composition Very deep, well drained to poorly drained, nearly level to very steep soils; on deep loess uplands, stream Percent of the survey area: 3 terraces, and narrow flood plains that are tributaries Bardwell soils—58 percent to the Mississippi River Commerce soils—22 percent Minor soils—20 percent The soils comprising the map units in MLRA 134 occur on uplands, stream terraces, and narrow flood Minor soils plains that drain the uplands. Soils on the uplands are • Phillippy silty, having formed in thick Pleistocene loess • Robinsonville deposits ranging in thickness from 10 feet on the • Ware eastern side of the county near the Hickman County line to nearly 100 feet along the bluffs on the western Land Use side of the county adjacent to the Mississippi River Major uses: Cropland flood plain. The soils on stream terraces and along the flood plains formed in silty alluvium ranging in thickness from 10 to 40 feet, with low to moderate 7. Convent-Adler amounts of clay in the subsoil. In places, sand or gravel occurs below about 15 feet. Very deep, moderately well drained and somewhat Most areas of these soils are cleared and used for poorly drained, nearly level, loamy soils row crop production. Principal crops are corn, wheat, and soybeans. Soils occurring on the steeper areas Setting are used as woodland or permanent pasture. Most of the poorly drained soils along Little Bayou de Chien Location in the survey area: Eastern edge of the and Bayou de Chien flood plains remain in woodland. Mississippi River flood plain in the Lower Bottom Erosion, seasonal wetness, and maintaining fertility Landscape: Flood plains are the main management concerns for these soils. Landform: Alluvial plains and alluvial fans along the Fifty-six percent of the land acreage in Fulton County base of and parallel to the loess bluff consists of soils that occur on the deep loess uplands Landform position: Convent—nearly level to slightly and narrow flood plains that drain them. concave depressional areas and along drainageways; Adler—undulating alluvial plains and alluvial fans of slightly higher elevation 8. Memphis Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Very deep, well drained, gently sloping to steep, Composition loamy soils; on highly dissected loess hills Percent of the survey area: 1 Convent soils—60 percent Setting Adler soils—31 percent Location in the survey area: Western part in the Minor soils—9 percent vicinity of Brownsville Minor soils Landscape: Uplands Landform: Dissected loess hills • Center Landform position: Narrow ridgetops and steep • Commerce hillslopes, side slopes, and footslopes • Kurk Slope range: 2 to 50 percent • Mhoon • Openlake Composition • Sharkey Percent of the survey area: 5 Fulton County, Kentucky 25

Memphis soils—60 percent Landscape: Uplands Minor soils—40 percent Landform: Loess hills Landform position: Ridgetops and side slopes Minor soils Slope range: 0 to 20 percent • Adler Composition • Convent • Loring Percent of the survey area: 7 • Natchez Loring soils—56 percent • Gullied land Feliciana soils—26 percent Minor soils—18 percent Land Use Minor soils Major uses: Woodland and pastureland • Calloway • Collins 9. Loring-Memphis • Falaya • Grenada Very deep, well drained, nearly level to moderately Land Use steep, loamy soils; on loess uplands Major uses: Cropland Setting Location in the survey area: Central part in the vicinity of Cayce 11. Loring-Grenada Landscape: Uplands Very deep, moderately well drained, nearly level to Landform: Loess hills moderately steep, loamy soils; on broad loess Landform position: Ridgetops and side slopes uplands Slope range: 0 to 20 percent Composition Setting Percent of the survey area: 8 Location in the survey area: Scattered throughout the Loring soils—49 percent county Memphis soils—33 percent Landscape: Uplands Minor soils—18 percent Landform: Loess hills Landform position: Ridgetops and side slopes Minor soils Slope range: 0 to 20 percent • Adler • Calloway Composition • Convent Percent of the survey area: 24 • Dekoven Loring soils—37 percent • Grenada Grenada soils—36 percent Land Use Minor soils—27 percent Major uses: Cropland Minor soils • Calloway • Collins 10. Loring-Feliciana • Convent • Dekoven Very deep, well drained and moderately well drained, • Falaya nearly level to moderately steep, loamy soils; on loess • Feliciana uplands • Memphis Setting Land Use Location in the survey area: Eastern part east of Little Major uses: Cropland (fig. 6) Bayou de Chien near Hickman County 26 Soil Survey

Figure 6.—A typical area of the Loring-Grenada general soil map unit used primarily for producing corn, wheat, and soybeans.

12. Grenada-Calloway Minor soils • Convent Very deep, moderately well drained and somewhat • Dekoven poorly drained, nearly level to strongly sloping, loamy • Falaya soils; on broad loess uplands • Kurk • Loring Setting • Routon Location in the survey area: Scattered throughout the Land Use county Landscape: Uplands Major uses: Cropland Landform: Broad, undulating loess plains Landform position: Ridgetops and side slopes Slope range: 0 to 12 percent 13. Kurk-Convent-Dekoven Composition Very deep, somewhat poorly drained, nearly level, Percent of the survey area: 4 loamy soils; on stream terraces and flood plains Grenada soils—41 percent Calloway soils—36 percent Setting Minor soils—23 percent Location in the survey area: Mud Creek flood plain Fulton County, Kentucky 27

Landscape: Uplands Setting Landform: Drainageways Location in the survey area: Little Bayou de Chien Landform position: Kurk—stream terraces; Convent and Bayou de Chien flood plains and Dekoven—flood plains Landscape: Uplands Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Landform: Drainageways Composition Landform position: Convent and Mhoon—flood plains; Routon—stream terraces Percent of the survey area: 3 Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Kurk soils—32 percent Convent soils—27 percent Composition Dekoven soils—20 percent Minor soils—21 percent Percent of the survey area: 5 Convent soils—42 percent Minor soils Mhoon soils—34 percent • Center Routon soils—14 percent • Mhoon Minor soils—10 percent • Routon Minor soils Land Use • Center Major uses: Cropland • Dekoven • Kurk Land Use 14. Convent-Mhoon-Routon Major uses: Woodland, wildlife and waterfowl habitat, Very deep, somewhat poorly drained and poorly and cropland drained, nearly level, loamy soils; on flood plains and stream terraces

29

Detailed Soil Map Units

The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps The presence of minor components in a map unit in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate this section, along with the maps, can be used to pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the determine the suitability and potential of a unit for landscape into landforms or landform segments that specific uses. They also can be used to plan the have similar use and management requirements. The management needed for those uses. delineation of such segments on the map provides A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an sufficient information for the development of resource area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and however, onsite investigation is needed to define and named according to the taxonomic classification of locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. in the map unit descriptions. Each description On the landscape, however, the soils are natural includes general facts about the unit and gives the phenomena, and they have the characteristic principal hazards and limitations to be considered in variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range planning for specific uses. of some observed properties may extend beyond the Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major without including areas of other taxonomic classes. horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils and arrangement. or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and Soils of one series can differ in texture of the some minor components that belong to taxonomic surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of classes other than those of the major soils. erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of On the basis of such differences, a soil series is the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on they do not affect use and management. These are the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit that affects use or management. For example, description. Other minor components, however, have Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded, is a properties and behavioral characteristics divergent phase of the Grenada series. enough to affect use or to require different Some map units are made up of two or more major management. These are called contrasting, or soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are dissimilar, components. They generally are in small called complexes. areas and could not be mapped separately because A complex consists of two or more soils or of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified such small areas that they cannot be shown by a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of components are mentioned in the map unit the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat descriptions. A few areas of minor components may similar in all areas. Convent-Mhoon complex, 0 to 2 not have been observed, and consequently they are percent slopes, occasionally flooded, is an example. not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to areas have little or no soil material and support little make enough observations to identify all the soils and or no vegetation. Urban land is an example. miscellaneous areas on the landscape. Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent 30 Soil Survey

of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic for many uses. The Glossary defines many of the event terms used in describing the soils or miscellaneous Land Use areas. Major uses: Cropland

Ac—Adler silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Cropland protected Land capability class: 1 Suitability: Well suited Setting Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in the sorghum Lower Bottom Management concerns: Position on the landform: Nearly level to gently • Susceptibility to compaction sloping areas adjacent to the bluff • Maintaining tilth and fertility Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Management measures: • Minimizing tillage operations to reduce compaction Composition • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Adler and similar soils: 85 percent Pasture Section • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Pasture and Forage Minor Components Suitability: Well suited Contrasting Adapted plants: White clover, red clover, • Commerce and Convent soils orchardgrass, and tall fescue • Areas of alluvial fans with slopes ranging to 5 Management concerns: percent • Seasonal wetness • Maintaining fertility Similar Management measures: • Soils that do not contain 2 chroma mottles until • Grasses and legumes that can withstand limited about 2 feet below the surface wetness are best suited Typical Profile • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Surface layer: 0 to 9 inches—brown silt loam Forestland Subsoil: Suitability: Well suited 9 to 39 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown, Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American mottled silt loam sycamore, green ash, and sweetgum Management concerns: Substratum: • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness 39 to 47 inches—mottled grayish brown and dark • Seedling mortality yellowish brown silt loam • Plant competition 47 to 80 inches—gray and dark gray, mottled silt loam Management measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil is dry Depth: Very deep • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Drainage class: Moderately well drained Productivity and Management Section Organic matter content: Moderate Permeability: Moderate Residential and Commercial Uses Available water capacity: High Depth of root zone: Very deep Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Surface runoff: Slow Limitation rating: Not limited Depth to seasonal high water table: 2 to 5 feet during late winter and early spring Septic Tank Absorption Fields Limitation rating: Very limited Fulton County, Kentucky 31

Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: 2 to 5 feet during • Seasonal wetness late winter and early spring Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: Occasional—very brief to brief • Increasing the size of the absorption area duration • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to Land Use remove excess water • See Use and Management of the Soils, Major uses: Cropland Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Cropland Local Roads and Streets Land capability subclass: 2w Limitation rating: Not limited Suitability: Well suited Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Ad—Adler silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, sorghum; however, small grains may be damaged occasionally flooded by brief flooding Management concerns: • Susceptibility to compaction Setting • Occasional flooding Major landform: Flood plains of tributaries to the • Maintaining tilth and fertility Mississippi River Management measures: Position on the landform: Nearly level areas along • Minimizing tillage operations to reduce compaction creeks and streams • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Pasture Section Composition Pasture and Forage • Adler and similar soils: 85 percent Suitability: Well suited • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Adapted plants: White clover, red clover, orchardgrass, and tall fescue Minor Components Management concerns: Contrasting • Seasonal wetness • Convent soils • Maintaining fertility Management measures: Similar • Grasses and legumes that can withstand limited • Soils that do not contain 2 chroma mottles until wetness are best suited about 2 feet below the surface • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Typical Profile Pasture Section Surface layer: Forestland 0 to 9 inches—brown silt loam Suitability: Well suited Subsoil: Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American 9 to 39 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown, sycamore, green ash, and sweetgum mottled silt loam Management concerns: Substratum: • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness 39 to 47 inches—mottled grayish brown and dark • Seedling mortality yellowish brown silt loam • Plant competition 47 to 80 inches—gray and dark gray, mottled silt loam Management measures: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Soil Properties and Qualities is dry Depth: Very deep • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Drainage class: Moderately well drained Productivity and Management Section Organic matter content: Moderate Residential and Commercial Uses Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Depth of root zone: Very deep Surface runoff: Slow Limitation rating: Very limited 32 Soil Survey

Limitations: Typical Profile • Flooding hazard Surface layer: Corrective measures: 0 to 8 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam • Building on better suited soils out of the flood plain • See Use and Management of the Soils, Subsurface layer: Engineering, Building Site Development Section 8 to 14 inches—dark brown silty clay loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields Subsoil: 14 to 39 inches—brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited 39 to 53 inches—brown, mottled silt loam Limitations: • Flooding hazard Substratum: • Seasonal wetness 53 to 84 inches—brown, mottled loam and very fine Corrective measures: sandy loam • Installing the absorption field on higher elevation out Soil Properties and Qualities of the flood plain • Increasing the size of the absorption area Depth: Very deep • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to Drainage class: Well drained remove excess water Organic matter content: High • See Use and Management of the Soils, Permeability: Moderate Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Available water capacity: High Depth of root zone: Very deep Local Roads and Streets Surface runoff: Slow Limitation rating: Very limited Depth to seasonal high water table: 3 to 6 feet during Limitations: winter and early spring • Flooding hazard Shrink-swell potential: None Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic base material event • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Building Site Development Section Major uses: Cropland

Ba—Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Cropland slopes, protected Land capability class: 1 Suitability: Well suited Setting Adapted crops: Soybeans, corn, and small grains Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in the Management concerns: Lower Bottom • Maintaining tilth and fertility Position on the landform: Broad, nearly level areas Management measures: Size of areas: 25 to 300 acres • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Composition Pasture and Forage • Bardwell and similar soils: 80 percent • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent Suitability: Well suited Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white Minor Components clover, red clover, alfalfa, and tall fescue Contrasting: Management concerns: • Commerce, Phillippy, Robinsonville, and Ware soils • Controlling weeds • Small areas that have fine sandy loam, loam, or Management measures: silty clay loam surface texture • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Soils similar to Bardwell with a mollic epipedon Pasture Section ranging from 24 to 36 inches thick Forestland Suitability: Well suited Fulton County, Kentucky 33

Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, green ash, Typical Profile pecan, and sweetgum Surface layer: Management concerns: 0 to 8 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam • Plant competition Management measures: Subsurface layer: • Using cultivation and/or chemicals to alleviate 8 to 14 inches—dark brown silty clay loam undesirable species Subsoil: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest 14 to 39 inches—brown silt loam Productivity and Management Section 39 to 53 inches—brown, mottled silt loam Residential and Commercial Uses Substratum: 53 to 84 inches—brown, mottled loam and very fine Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings sandy loam Limitation rating: Not limited Soil Properties and Qualities Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth: Very deep Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Drainage class: Well drained Limitations: Organic matter content: High • Seasonal wetness at 3 feet depth Permeability: Moderate Corrective measures: Available water capacity: High • Increasing the size of the absorption area Depth of root zone: Very deep • See Use and Management of the Soils, Surface runoff: Slow Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.5 to 5 feet of the surface during winter and early spring Local Roads and Streets Shrink-swell potential: None Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief to long Limitations: duration • Low strength Land Use Corrective measures: • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Major uses: Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Cropland Land capability subclass: 2w Bd—Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Suitability: Well suited slopes, occasionally flooded Adapted crops: Soybeans, corn, and small grains Management concerns: • Occasional flooding Setting • Maintaining tilth and fertility Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in Madrid Management measures: Bend • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Position on the landform: Broad, nearly level areas Pasture Section Size of areas: 30 to 250 acres Pasture and Forage Composition Suitability: Well suited • Bardwell and similar soils: 85 percent Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent clover, red clover, alfalfa, and tall fescue Management concerns: Minor Components • Controlling weeds Contrasting: Management measures: • Commerce, Phillippy, Robinsonville, and Ware soils • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Small areas that have fine sandy loam, loam, or Pasture Section silty clay loam surface texture Forestland Suitability: Well suited 34 Soil Survey

Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, green ash, • Soils similar to Bardwell with a mollic epipedon pecan, and sweetgum ranging from 24 to 30 inches thick Management concerns: Typical Profile • Plant competition Management measures: Surface layer: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil 0 to 8 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam is dry Subsurface layer: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest 8 to 14 inches—dark brown silty clay loam Productivity and Management Section Subsoil: Residential and Commercial Uses 14 to 39 inches—brown silt loam 39 to 53 inches—brown, mottled silt loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Substratum: Limitation rating: Very limited 53 to 84 inches—brown, mottled loam and very fine Limitations: sandy loam • Flooding hazard Corrective measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • Impractical or none feasible Depth: Very deep Septic Tank Absorption Fields Drainage class: Well drained Organic matter content: High Limitation rating: Very limited Permeability: Moderate Limitations: Available water capacity: High • Flooding hazard Depth of root zone: Very deep Corrective measures: Surface runoff: Slow • Impractical or none feasible Depth to seasonal high water table: 3 to 6 feet during Local Roads and Streets winter and early spring Shrink-swell potential: None Limitation rating: Very limited Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long Limitations: duration • Flooding hazard Corrective measures: Land Use • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Major uses: Cropland base material • See Use and Management of the Soils, Cropland Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land capability subclass: 3w Suitability: Well suited Be—Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Adapted crops: Soybeans and corn (fig. 7) slopes, frequently flooded Management concerns: • Spring flooding sometimes lasting for long duration Setting • Delayed plantings in the spring Management measures: Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Position on the landform: Broad, nearly level areas Pasture Section Size of areas: 25 to 300 acres Composition Pasture and Forage • Bardwell and similar soils: 80 percent Suitability: Poorly suited • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent Management concerns: • Flooding sometimes lasting for long duration Minor Components • Controlling weeds Contrasting: Management measures: • Commerce, Phillippy, Robinsonville, and Ware soils • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Small areas that have fine sandy loam, loam, or Pasture Section silty clay loam surface texture Fulton County, Kentucky 35

Figure 7.—Soybeans in an area of Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded. Soybean is the primary crop produced each year in the Upper Bottom.

Forestland Corrective measures: • Impractical or none feasible Suitability: Well suited Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, green ash, Septic Tank Absorption Fields pecan, and sweetgum Management concerns: Limitation rating: Very limited • Flooding hazard Limitations: • Plant competition • Flooding hazard Management measures: Corrective measures: • Using cultivation and/or chemicals to alleviate • Impractical or none feasible undesirable species Local Roads and Streets • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Residential and Commercial Uses • Flooding hazard Corrective measures: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Limitation rating: Very limited base material Limitations: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Flooding hazard Engineering, Building Site Development Section 36 Soil Survey

Bf—Bardwell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 Cropland percent slopes, frequently flooded Land capability subclass: 3w Suitability: Well suited Setting Adapted crops: Soybeans and corn Management concerns: Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain • Flooding hazard Position on the landform: Broad, nearly level areas Management measures: Size of areas: 15 to 75 acres • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Composition Pasture Section • Bardwell and similar soils: 80 percent Pasture and Forage • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent Suitability: Poorly suited Minor Components Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white clover, and tall fescue Contrasting: Management concerns: • Commerce, Openlake, Phillippy, Robinsonville, and • Flooding sometimes lasting for very long duration Ware soils • Controlling weeds • Small areas that have fine sandy loam, loam, or silt Management measures: loam surface texture • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Soils similar to Bardwell with a mollic epipedon Pasture Section ranging from 24 to 30 inches thick Forestland Typical Profile Suitability: Well suited Surface layer: Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, green ash, 0 to 10 inches—very dark grayish brown silty clay pecan, and sweetgum loam Management concerns: Subsurface layer: • Plant competition 10 to 15 inches—very dark grayish brown and dark Management measures: brown silty clay loam • Using cultivation and/or chemicals to alleviate undesirable species Subsoil: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest 15 to 28 inches—brown silt loam Productivity and Management Section 28 to 35 inches—brown and dark yellowish brown silt loam Residential and Commercial Uses 35 to 44 inches—olive brown, mottled silt loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Substratum: 44 to 80 inches—olive brown, mottled silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • Flooding hazard Depth: Very deep Corrective measures: Drainage class: Well drained • Impractical or none feasible Organic matter content: High Septic Tank Absorption Fields Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Limitation rating: Very limited Depth of root zone: Very deep Limitations: Surface runoff: Slow • Flooding hazard Depth to seasonal high water table: 3 to 6 feet during Corrective measures: winter and early spring • Impractical or none feasible Shrink-swell potential: Moderate in the upper 1.5 feet Local Roads and Streets Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to very long duration Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Land Use • Flooding hazard Major uses: Cropland • Low strength Fulton County, Kentucky 37

Corrective measures: Depth of root zone: Deep • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Surface runoff: Slow base material Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of • See Use and Management of the Soils, the surface during winter and early spring Engineering, Building Site Development Section Shrink-swell potential: High Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic Bn—Bondurant silty clay loam, 0 to 2 event percent slopes, protected Land Use Setting Major uses: Cropland Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain Cropland Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly depressional areas Land capability subclass: 2w Size of areas: 50 to 150 acres Suitability: Well suited Adapted crops: Soybeans and corn Composition Management concerns: • Bondurant and similar soils: 80 percent • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent • Seasonal high water table • Delayed plantings for corn Minor Components • Maintaining tilth Contrasting: Management measures: • Bowdre, Commerce, Keyespoint, and Openlake • Maintenance of existing open drainage system soils • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, • Small areas that have silty clay surface texture and not too wet or too dry • Soils with a mollic epipedon ranging from 24 to 32 • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and inches thick Pasture Section • Soils with a dark grayish brown overwash layer Pasture and Forage ranging from 6 to 12 inches thick Suitability: Moderately suited Typical Profile Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white Surface layer: clover, and tall fescue 0 to 11 inches—very dark grayish brown silty clay Management concerns: loam • Wetness • Controlling weeds Subsurface layer: • Maintaining tilth 11 to 20 inches—very dark grayish brown, mottled Management measures: silty clay • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Subsoil: Pasture Section 20 to 50 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay Forestland 50 to 67 inches—mottled olive brown and dark gray Suitability: Well suited clay loam Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, Substratum: green ash, pecan, and sweetgum 67 to 80 inches—gray, mottled very fine sandy loam Management concerns: • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Soil Properties and Qualities • Seedling mortality Depth: Very deep Management measures: Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Organic matter content: Moderate is dry Permeability: Very slow • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Available water capacity: Moderate Productivity and Management Section 38 Soil Survey

Residential and Commercial Uses Minor Components Contrasting: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings • Bowdre, Commerce, Keyespoint, and Openlake Limitation rating: Very limited soils Limitations: • Areas that have silty clay surface texture • High shrink-swell potential • Soils with a mollic epipedon ranging from 24 to 30 • Wetness inches thick Corrective measures: • Soils with a dark grayish brown overwash layer • Adding extra reinforcement in foundations or ranging from 6 to 12 inches thick building on concrete slab Typical Profile • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess water Surface layer: • Tile drains by footings 0 to 11 inches—very dark grayish brown silty clay • See Use and Management of the Soils, loam Engineering, Building Site Development Section Subsurface layer: Septic Tank Absorption Fields 11 to 20 inches—very dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Subsoil: • Wetness 20 to 50 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty • Very slow permeability clay Corrective measures: 50 to 67 inches—mottled olive brown and dark gray • Curtain drains to remove excess water clay loam • Increasing the size of the absorption area Substratum: • Special design or alternate system 67 to 80 inches—gray, mottled very fine sandy loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Soil Properties and Qualities Local Roads and Streets Depth: Very deep Limitation rating: Very limited Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Limitations: Organic matter content: Moderate • High shrink-swell potential Permeability: Very slow • Low strength Available water capacity: Moderate Corrective measures: Depth of root zone: Deep • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Surface runoff: Slow • See Use and Management of the Soils, Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of Engineering, Building Site Development Section the surface during winter and early spring Shrink-swell potential: High Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long Bo—Bondurant silty clay loam, 0 to 2 duration percent slopes, frequently flooded Land Use Setting Major uses: Cropland Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain Cropland Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly depressional areas Land capability subclass: 4w Size of areas: 50 to 150 acres Suitability: Suited Adapted crops: Soybeans Composition Management concerns: • Bondurant and similar soils: 80 percent • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent duration • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content Fulton County, Kentucky 39

• Seasonal high water table Local Roads and Streets • Susceptibility to excessive compaction Limitation rating: Very limited • Delayed plantings Limitations: • Maintaining tilth • Flooding hazard Management measures: • High shrink-swell potential • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • Low strength • Limiting tillage and restricting it to periods when the Corrective measures: soil is moist, and not too wet or too dry • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or • Compliance with existing wetland laws and base material regulations • See Use and Management of the Soils, • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Engineering, Building Site Development Section Pasture Section Pasture and Forage Br—Bowdre silty clay, 0 to 2 percent Suitability: Not suited slopes, protected Management concerns: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Setting duration • Wetness Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Forestland depressional areas Suitability: Well suited Size of areas: 50 to 400 acres Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, Composition green ash, pecan, and sweetgum Management concerns: • Bowdre and similar soils: 85 percent • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent duration Minor Components • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness • Seedling mortality Contrasting: Management measures: • Bondurant, Commerce, Keyespoint, Openlake, • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Roellen, and Tunica soils is dry • Small areas that have silty clay loam surface texture • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Soils similar to Bowdre with a mollic epipedon Productivity and Management Section greater than 24 inches thick Residential and Commercial Uses Typical Profile Surface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 0 to 6 inches—very dark gray silty clay Limitation rating: Very limited Subsurface layer: Limitations: 6 to 20 inches—very dark grayish brown, mottled silty • Flooding hazard clay • High shrink-swell potential Corrective measures: Subsoil: • Impractical or none feasible 20 to 24 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields 24 to 30 inches—mottled grayish brown and light olive brown very fine sandy loam Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Substratum: • Flooding hazard 30 to 80 inches—grayish brown, mottled loamy fine • Wetness sand • Very slow permeability Soil Properties and Qualities Corrective measures: • Impractical or none feasible Depth: Very deep 40 Soil Survey

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Management measures: Organic matter content: Moderate • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Permeability: Very slow in the upper 2 feet; is dry moderately rapid in the substratum • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Available water capacity: Moderate Productivity and Management Section Depth of root zone: Deep Residential and Commercial Uses Surface runoff: Slow Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings the surface during winter and spring Shrink-swell potential: High in the upper 2 feet Limitation rating: Very limited Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee Limitations: unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic • High shrink-swell potential in the upper 2 feet event • Wetness Corrective measures: Land Use • Adding extra reinforcement in foundations or Major uses: Cropland building on concrete slab • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess Cropland water • Tile drains by footings Land capability subclass: 2w • See Use and Management of the Soils, Suitability: Well suited Engineering, Building Site Development Section Adapted crops: Soybeans and corn Management concerns: Septic Tank Absorption Fields • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content Limitation rating: Very limited • Seasonal high water table Limitations: • Delayed plantings for corn • Wetness • Maintaining tilth • Very slow permeability in the upper 2 feet Management measures: Corrective measures: • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • Curtain drains to remove excess water • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, • Special design or alternate system and not too wet or too dry • See Use and Management of the Soils, • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Pasture Section Local Roads and Streets Pasture and Forage Limitation rating: Very limited Suitability: Moderately suited Limitations: Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white • High shrink-swell potential clover, and tall fescue • Low strength Management concerns: Corrective measures: • Wetness • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material • Controlling weeds • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Maintaining tilth Engineering, Building Site Development Section Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Bw—Bowdre silty clay, 0 to 2 percent Forestland slopes, frequently flooded Suitability: Well suited Setting Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, green ash, pecan, and sweetgum Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in Madrid Management concerns: Bend • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Seedling mortality depressional areas Size of areas: 50 to 400 acres Fulton County, Kentucky 41

Composition • Seasonal high water table • Delayed plantings • Bowdre and similar soils: 85 percent • Maintaining tilth • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Management measures: Minor Components • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, Contrasting: and not too wet or too dry • Bondurant, Commerce, and Openlake soils • Compliance with existing wetland laws and • Soils similar to Bowdre with a mollic epipedon regulations greater than 24 inches thick • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Typical Profile Pasture Section Surface layer: Pasture and Forage 0 to 6 inches—very dark gray silty clay Suitability: Not suited Subsurface layer: Management concerns: 6 to 20 inches—very dark grayish brown, mottled silty • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long clay duration • Wetness Subsoil: 20 to 24 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty Forestland clay loam Suitability: Well suited 24 to 30 inches—mottled grayish brown and light Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, olive brown very fine sandy loam green ash, pecan, and sweetgum Substratum: Management concerns: 30 to 80 inches—grayish brown, mottled loamy fine • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness sand • Seedling mortality Management measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Depth: Very deep is dry Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Organic matter content: Moderate Productivity and Management Section Permeability: Very slow in the upper 2 feet; Residential and Commercial Uses moderately rapid in the substratum Available water capacity: Moderate Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Depth of root zone: Deep Limitation rating: Very limited Surface runoff: Slow Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of • Flooding hazard the surface during winter and spring • High shrink-swell potential in the upper 2 feet Shrink-swell potential: High in the upper 2 feet • Wetness Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long Corrective measures: duration • Impractical or none feasible Land Use Septic Tank Absorption Fields Major uses: Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Cropland • Flooding hazard Land capability subclass: 4w • Wetness Suitability: Suited • Very slow permeability Adapted crops: Soybeans Corrective measures: Management concerns: • Impractical or none feasible • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long Local Roads and Streets duration • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content Limitation rating: Very limited 42 Soil Survey

Limitations: Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Flooding hazard Organic matter content: Moderate • High shrink-swell potential Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow • Low strength in the fragipan Corrective measures: Available water capacity: Moderate • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, limited by the base material fragipan • See Use and Management of the Soils, Surface runoff: Slow Engineering, Building Site Development Section Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 1.5 feet during winter and early spring Frequency of flooding: None CaA—Calloway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Land Use Major uses: Cropland Setting Cropland Major landform: Uplands Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Land capability subclass: 2w concave areas of broad summits Suitability: Suited Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain sorghum Composition Management concerns: • Calloway and similar soils: 90 percent • Seasonal high water table • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent • Fragipan • Delayed plantings Minor Components • Susceptibility to compaction Contrasting: • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Center and Routon soils on lower lying stream Management measures: terraces • Surface drains can be used to remove excess water • Convent soils occupying narrow drainageways • Minimizing tillage operations to reduce compaction • Grenada soils in slightly higher landscape positions • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • Poorly drained soils that contain a fragipan • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Similar: • Soils similar to Calloway in the Mud Creek Pasture and Forage watershed with a higher pH in the upper part of the Suitability: Moderately suited subsoil Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Typical Profile Management concerns: • Seasonal wetness Surface layer: • Maintaining tilth and fertility 0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown and brown, mottled Management measures: silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Subsurface layer: Pasture Section 8 to 19 inches—brown, mottled silt loam Forestland Subsoil: Suitability: Well suited 19 to 30 inches—light brownish gray, mottled silt loam Adapted species: Southern red oak, hickory, red 30 to 50 inches—a fragipan of mottled strong brown maple, white oak, and sweetgum silty clay loam and light brownish gray silt loam Management concerns: 50 to 60 inches—a fragipan of strong brown, mottled • Moderate equipment limitations due to seasonal silt loam wetness 60 to 80 inches—strong brown, mottled silt loam • Moderate plant competition Management measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Depth: Very deep is dry Fulton County, Kentucky 43

• See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Grenada soils Productivity and Management Section • Areas with slopes ranging to 6 percent Residential and Commercial Uses Similar: • Soils similar to Calloway in the Mud Creek Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings watershed with a higher pH in the upper part of the subsoil Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Typical Profile • Wetness Surface layer: Corrective measures: 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown and brown, mottled • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess silt loam water • Tile drains by footings Subsurface layer: • See Use and Management of the Soils, 5 to 19 inches—brown, mottled silt loam Engineering, Building Site Development Section Subsoil: Septic Tank Absorption Fields 19 to 25 inches—light brownish gray, mottled silt loam 25 to 50 inches—a fragipan of mottled strong brown Limitation rating: Very limited silty clay loam and light brownish gray silt loam Limitations: 50 to 60 inches—a fragipan of strong brown, mottled • Wetness silt loam • Slow permeability due to the fragipan 60 to 80 inches—strong brown, mottled silt loam Corrective measures: • Curtain drains to remove excess water Soil Properties and Qualities • Increasing the size of the absorption area Depth: Very deep • Special design or alternate system Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • See Use and Management of the Soils, Organic matter content: Moderate Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow Local Roads and Streets in the fragipan Available water capacity: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, limited by the Limitations: fragipan • Low strength Surface runoff: Slow Corrective measures: Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 1.5 feet • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material during winter and early spring • See Use and Management of the Soils, Frequency of flooding: None Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land Use CaB2—Calloway silt loam, 2 to 4 percent Major uses: Cropland slopes, eroded Cropland Land capability subclass: 2e Setting Suitability: Suited Major landform: Uplands Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Position on the landform: Side slopes sorghum Size of areas: 10 to 75 acres Management concerns: • Seasonal high water table Composition • Fragipan • Calloway and similar soils: 90 percent • Delayed plantings • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent • Erodibility • Susceptibility to compaction Minor Components • Maintaining tilth and fertility Contrasting: Management measures: • Convent soils occupying narrow drainageways • Surface drains can be used to remove excess water 44 Soil Survey

• Minimizing tillage operations to reduce compaction Local Roads and Streets • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Limitation rating: Very limited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Limitations: Pasture Section • Low strength Pasture and Forage Corrective measures: • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Suitability: Moderately suited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Engineering, Building Site Development Section Management concerns: • Seasonal wetness • Maintaining tilth and fertility CeA—Center silt loam, 0 to 3 percent Management measures: slopes • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Setting Forestland Major landform: Loess uplands Suitability: Well suited Position on the landform: Higher, gently undulating Adapted species: Southern red oak, hickory, red portions of stream terraces maple, white oak, and sweetgum Size of areas: 3 to 100 acres Management concerns: Composition • Moderate equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness • Center and similar soils: 90 percent • Moderate plant competition • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Management measures: Minor Components • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil is dry Contrasting: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Small areas of Kurk soils in depressions Productivity and Management Section • Small areas about 50 feet wide around the periphery of the map unit containing slopes ranging Residential and Commercial Uses from 4 to 6 percent Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Typical Profile Limitation rating: Very limited Surface layer: Limitations: 0 to 10 inches—brown, mottled silt loam • Wetness Subsoil: Corrective measures: 10 to 21 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess 21 to 38 inches—mottled yellowish brown, light olive water brown, and light brownish gray silty clay loam • Tile drains by footings 38 to 80 inches—mottled yellowish brown and light • See Use and Management of the Soils, olive brown silt loam Engineering, Building Site Development Section Soil Properties and Qualities Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth: Very deep Limitation rating: Very limited Drainage class: Moderately well drained Limitations: Organic matter content: Moderate • Wetness Permeability: Moderate in the upper part of the solum; • Slow permeability due to the fragipan moderately slow in the lower part of the solum Corrective measures: Available water capacity: High • Curtain drains to remove excess water Depth of root zone: Very deep • Increasing the size of the absorption area Surface runoff: Moderately slow • Special design or alternate system Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 2.5 feet • See Use and Management of the Soils, during winter and early spring Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Frequency of flooding: None (a few of the lowest lying areas may experience rare flooding) Fulton County, Kentucky 45

Land Use Septic Tank Absorption Fields Major uses: Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Cropland • Seasonal wetness • Restricted permeability below about 2 feet Land capability subclass: 2w Corrective measures: Suitability: Well suited • Curtain drains to remove excess water Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in sorghum some instances, special design or alternate system Management concerns: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Seasonal high water table Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section • Erodibility in areas exceeding 2 percent slope • Susceptibility to compaction Local Roads and Streets • Maintaining tilth and fertility Limitation rating: Very limited Management measures: Limitations: • Surface drains to remove or divert excess water • Low strength • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Corrective measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Pasture Section • See Use and Management of the Soils, Pasture and Forage Engineering, Building Site Development Section Suitability: Well suited Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue CfA—Center silt loam, 0 to 3 percent Management concerns: slopes, occasionally flooded • Seasonal wetness • Maintaining tilth and fertility Setting Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Major landform: Stream terraces along Bayou de Pasture Section Chien and near the mouth of Mud Creek Position on the landform: Higher, gently undulating Forestland portions of stream terraces Suitability: Well suited Size of areas: 10 to 40 acres Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, red maple, green Composition ash, and sweetgum Management concerns: • Center and similar soils: 90 percent • Moderate equipment limitations due to seasonal • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent wetness Minor Components Management measures: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Contrasting: is dry • Small areas of Kurk soils in depressions • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Small areas about 50 feet wide around the Productivity and Management Section periphery of the map unit containing slopes ranging from 4 to 6 percent Residential and Commercial Uses • Small areas generally less than 5 acres near the mouth of Mud Creek that frequently flood Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Typical Profile Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Surface layer: Limitations: 0 to 10 inches—brown, mottled silt loam • Wetness Corrective measures: Subsoil: • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess 10 to 21 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam water 21 to 38 inches—mottled yellowish brown, light olive • See Use and Management of the Soils, brown, and light brownish gray silty clay loam Engineering, Building Site Development Section 46 Soil Survey

38 to 80 inches—mottled yellowish brown and light Management concerns: olive brown silt loam • Moderate equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Soil Properties and Qualities Management measures: Depth: Very deep • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Drainage class: Moderately well drained is dry Organic matter content: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Permeability: Moderate in the upper part of the solum; Productivity and Management Section moderately slow in the lower part of the solum Residential and Commercial Uses Available water capacity: High Depth of root zone: Very deep Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Surface runoff: Moderately slow Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 2.5 feet Limitation rating: Very limited during winter and early spring Limitations: Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief to long • Flooding hazard duration Corrective measures: • Selecting a site at a higher elevation above flood- Land Use prone areas Major uses: Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Cropland Septic Tank Absorption Fields Land capability subclass: 2w Limitation rating: Very limited Suitability: Well suited Limitations: Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum; • Flooding hazard small grains are subject to occasional flooding • Seasonal wetness sometimes lasting for long duration • Restricted permeability below about 2 feet Management concerns: Corrective measures: • Seasonal high water table • Selecting a site at a higher elevation above flood- • Occasional flooding sometimes lasting for long prone areas duration • Curtain drains to remove excess water • Erodibility in areas exceeding 2 percent slope • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in • Maintaining tilth and fertility some instances, special design or alternate system Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Surface drains to remove or divert excess water Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Local Roads and Streets Pasture Section Limitation rating: Very limited Pasture and Forage Limitations: • Flooding hazard Suitability: Suited • Low strength Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Corrective measures: Management concerns: • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or • Seasonal wetness base material • Occasional flooding sometimes lasting for long • See Use and Management of the Soils, duration Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Maintaining tilth and fertility Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Cg—Collins silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Pasture Section slopes, occasionally flooded Forestland Setting Suitability: Well suited Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, red maple, green Major landform: Flood plains in the easternmost part ash, and sweetgum of the county Fulton County, Kentucky 47

Position on the landform: Along creeks and streams Management measures: Size of areas: 10 to 500 acres • Surface drainage or tile drainage can be used to help remove excess water Composition • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Collins and similar soils: 85 percent Pasture Section • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Pasture and Forage Minor Components Suitability: Well suited Contrasting Adapted plants: White clover, red clover, • Falaya soils in similar positions orchardgrass, and tall fescue • Soils that are less acid throughout Management concerns: • Seasonal wetness Typical Profile • Maintaining fertility Surface layer: Management measures: 0 to 12 inches—brown and dark yellowish brown silt • Grasses and legumes that can withstand limited loam wetness are best suited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Subsoil: Pasture Section 12 to 19 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam Forestland Substratum: 19 to 42 inches—yellowish brown and dark yellowish Suitability: Well suited brown, mottled silt loam Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American 42 to 80 inches—mottled yellowish brown and light sycamore, green ash, and sweetgum brownish gray silt loam Management concerns: • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Soil Properties and Qualities • Seedling mortality Depth: Very deep • Plant competition Drainage class: Moderately well drained Management measures: Organic matter content: Moderate • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Permeability: Moderate is dry Available water capacity: High • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Depth of root zone: Very deep Productivity and Management Section Surface runoff: Slow Residential and Commercial Uses Depth to seasonal high water table: 2 to 5 feet during late winter and early spring Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Frequency of flooding: Occasional—very brief duration Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Land Use • Flooding hazard Major uses: Cropland Corrective measures: • Building on better suited soils out of the flood plain Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land capability subclass: 2w Suitability: Well suited Septic Tank Absorption Fields Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain sorghum; however, small grains and other winter Limitation rating: Very limited cover crops may be damaged by very brief Limitations: flooding • Flooding hazard Management concerns: • Wetness • Seasonal high water table Corrective measures: • Flooding • Building on higher elevation out of the flood plain • Susceptibility to compaction • Increasing the size of the absorption area • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to remove excess water 48 Soil Survey

• See Use and Management of the Soils, Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Organic matter content: Moderate Permeability: Moderate Local Roads and Streets Available water capacity: High Limitation rating: Very limited Depth of root zone: Deep Limitations: Surface runoff: Slow • Flooding hazard Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 4 feet of Corrective measures: the surface during winter and early spring • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Shrink-swell potential: None base material Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee • See Use and Management of the Soils, unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic Engineering, Building Site Development Section event Land Use Ch—Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Major uses: Cropland slopes, protected Cropland Setting Land capability subclass: 2w Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain Suitability: Suited Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and small grains depressional areas Management concerns: Size of areas: 30 to 250 acres • Seasonal high water table • Delayed plantings Composition • Maintaining tilth • Commerce and similar soils: 85 percent Management measures: • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Minor Components Pasture Section Contrasting: Pasture and Forage • Bardwell, Bondurant, Openlake, Phillippy, and Ware soils Suitability: Well suited • Soils similar to Commerce that have a mollic Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, ladino epipedon clover, tall fescue • Small areas that have silty clay loam surface texture Management concerns: • Seasonal wetness Typical Profile • Controlling weeds Surface layer: Management measures: 0 to 11 inches—dark brown and dark grayish brown • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and silt loam Pasture Section Subsoil: Forestland 11 to 17 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt Suitability: Well suited loam Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American 17 to 25 inches—mottled dark grayish brown and sycamore, green ash, and pecan gray silt loam Management concerns: 25 to 43 inches—dark gray, mottled silty clay loam • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Substratum: • Seedling mortality 43 to 80 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt Management measures: loam • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil is dry Soil Properties and Qualities • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Depth: Very deep Productivity and Management Section Fulton County, Kentucky 49

Residential and Commercial Uses Minor Components Contrasting: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings • Bardwell, Bondurant, Openlake, Phillippy, and Ware Limitation rating: Somewhat limited soils Limitations: • Soils similar to Commerce that have a mollic • Shrink-swell potential epipedon • Wetness Typical Profile Corrective measures: • Adding extra reinforcement in foundations or Surface layer: building on concrete slab 0 to 11 inches—dark brown and dark grayish brown • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess silt loam water Subsoil: • Tile drains by footings 11 to 17 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt • See Use and Management of the Soils, loam Engineering, Building Site Development Section 17 to 25 inches—mottled dark grayish brown and Septic Tank Absorption Fields gray silt loam 25 to 43 inches—dark gray, mottled silty clay loam Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Substratum: • Wetness 43 to 80 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt • Restricted permeability loam Corrective measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • Curtain drains to remove excess water • Increasing the size of the absorption field Depth: Very deep • Special design or alternate system Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • See Use and Management of the Soils, Organic matter content: Moderate Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Local Roads and Streets Depth of root zone: Deep Limitation rating: Very limited Surface runoff: Slow Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 4 feet of • Low strength the surface during winter and early spring Corrective measures: Shrink-swell potential: Moderate in the upper 1.5 feet • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief to long • See Use and Management of the Soils, duration Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land Use Major uses: Cropland Ck—Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Cropland Land capability subclass: 2w Setting Suitability: Well suited Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in Madrid Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and small grains Bend Management concerns: Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Seasonal high water table depressional areas • Flooding hazard Size of areas: 30 to 75 acres • Maintaining tilth Management measures: Composition • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • Commerce and similar soils: 85 percent • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent and not too wet or too dry • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section 50 Soil Survey

Pasture and Forage Cm—Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Suitability: Well suited slopes, frequently flooded Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, ladino clover, tall fescue Setting Management concerns: Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain • Seasonal wetness Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Flooding hazard depressional areas • Controlling weeds Size of areas: 50 to 500 acres Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Composition Pasture Section • Commerce and similar soils: 90 percent Forestland • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Suitability: Well suited Minor Components Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American Contrasting: sycamore, green ash, and pecan • Bardwell, Keyespoint, and Openlake soils Management concerns: • Small areas that have silty clay loam surface texture • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness • Seedling mortality Typical Profile Management measures: Surface layer: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil 0 to 11 inches—dark brown and dark grayish brown is dry silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Subsoil: 11 to 17 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt Residential and Commercial Uses loam 17 to 25 inches—mottled dark grayish brown and Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings gray silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited 25 to 43 inches—dark gray, mottled silty clay loam Limitations: Substratum: • Flooding hazard 43 to 80 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt Corrective measures: loam • Impractical or none feasible Soil Properties and Qualities Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth: Very deep Limitation rating: Very limited Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Limitations: Organic matter content: Moderate • Flooding hazard Permeability: Moderate • Wetness Available water capacity: High • Restricted permeability Depth of root zone: Very deep Corrective measures: Surface runoff: Slow • Impractical or none feasible Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 4 feet of Local Roads and Streets the surface during winter and early spring Shrink-swell potential: None Limitation rating: Very limited Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to very long Limitations: duration • Flooding hazard • Low strength Land Use Corrective measures: Major uses: Cropland • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or base material Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land capability subclass: 4w Fulton County, Kentucky 51

Suitability: Suited Limitations: Adapted crops: Soybeans • Flooding hazard Management concerns: • Low strength • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long Corrective measures: duration • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or • Seasonal high water table base material • Delayed plantings • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Maintaining tilth Engineering, Building Site Development Section Management measures: • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • Compliance with existing wetland laws and Cn—Commerce silty clay loam, 0 to 2 regulations percent slopes, occasionally flooded • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Setting Pasture and Forage Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in Madrid Bend Suitability: Not suited Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Management concerns: depressional areas • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long Size of areas: 30 to 75 acres duration • Wetness Composition Forestland • Commerce and similar soils: 85 percent • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Suitability: Well suited Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American Minor Components sycamore, green ash, and pecan Contrasting: Management concerns: • Bardwell, Bondurant, Openlake, Phillippy, and Ware • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness soils • Seedling mortality • Soils similar to Commerce that have a mollic Management measures: epipedon • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil is dry Typical Profile • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Surface layer: Productivity and Management Section 0 to 11 inches—dark grayish brown silty clay loam Residential and Commercial Uses Subsoil: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 11 to 17 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay loam Limitation rating: Very limited 17 to 37 inches—mottled gray, dark gray, and dark Limitations: grayish brown silt loam • Flooding hazard 37 to 43 inches—olive brown, mottled loam Corrective measures: • Impractical or none feasible Substratum: 43 to 80 inches—olive brown, mottled fine sandy Septic Tank Absorption Fields loam Limitation rating: Very limited Soil Properties and Qualities Limitations: • Flooding hazard Depth: Very deep • Wetness Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Restricted permeability Organic matter content: Moderate Corrective measures: Permeability: Moderate • Impractical or none feasible Available water capacity: High Depth of root zone: Deep Local Roads and Streets Surface runoff: Slow Limitation rating: Very limited 52 Soil Survey

Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 4 feet of Limitations: the surface during winter and early spring • Flooding hazard Shrink-swell potential: Moderate in the upper 1.5 feet Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief to long • Impractical or none feasible duration Septic Tank Absorption Fields Land Use Limitation rating: Very limited Major uses: Cropland Limitations: • Flooding hazard Cropland • Wetness • Restricted permeability Land capability subclass: 2w Corrective measures: Suitability: Well suited • Impractical or none feasible Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and small grains Management concerns: Local Roads and Streets • Seasonal high water table Limitation rating: Very limited • Flooding hazard Limitations: • Maintaining tilth • Flooding hazard Management measures: • Low strength • Maintenance of existing open drainage system Corrective measures: • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or and not too wet or too dry base material • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • See Use and Management of the Soils, Pasture Section Engineering, Building Site Development Section Pasture and Forage Suitability: Well suited Co—Commerce silty clay loam, 0 to 2 Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, ladino percent slopes, frequently flooded clover, tall fescue Management concerns: Setting • Seasonal wetness • Flooding hazard Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain • Controlling weeds Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Management measures: depressional areas • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Size of areas: 50 to 150 acres Pasture Section Composition Forestland • Commerce and similar soils: 90 percent Suitability: Well suited • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American Minor Components sycamore, green ash, and pecan Management concerns: Contrasting: • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness • Bardwell, Keyespoint, and Openlake soils • Seedling mortality Typical Profile Management measures: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Surface layer: is dry 0 to 6 inches—very dark grayish brown and dark • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest grayish brown silty clay loam Productivity and Management Section Subsurface layer: Residential and Commercial Uses 6 to 14 inches—dark grayish brown silty clay loam Subsoil: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 14 to 40 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt Limitation rating: Very limited loam Fulton County, Kentucky 53

Substratum: Management measures: 40 to 80 inches—brown, mottled silt loam and fine • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil sandy loam is dry • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Soil Properties and Qualities Productivity and Management Section Depth: Very deep Residential and Commercial Uses Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Organic matter content: Moderate Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Limitation rating: Very limited Depth of root zone: Very deep Limitations: Surface runoff: Slow • Flooding hazard Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 4 feet of Corrective measures: the surface during winter and early spring • Impractical or none feasible Shrink-swell potential: Moderate in the upper 1.5 feet Septic Tank Absorption Fields Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to very long duration Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Land Use • Flooding hazard Major uses: Cropland • Wetness • Restricted permeability Cropland Corrective measures: • Impractical or none feasible Land capability subclass: 4w Suitability: Suited Local Roads and Streets Adapted crops: Soybeans Limitation rating: Very limited Management concerns: Limitations: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long • Flooding hazard duration • Low strength • Seasonal high water table Corrective measures: • Delayed plantings • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or • Maintaining tilth base material Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Maintenance of existing open drainage system Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Compliance with existing wetland laws and regulations • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Cp—Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Pasture Section slopes, protected Pasture and Forage Setting Suitability: Not suited Management concerns: Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in the • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long Lower Bottom duration Position on the landform: Not limited depressional • Wetness areas adjacent to the bluff Size of areas: 5 to 150 acres Forestland Composition Suitability: Well suited Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American • Convent and similar soils: 85 to 90 percent sycamore, green ash, and pecan • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 to 15 Management concerns: percent • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Minor Components • Seedling mortality Contrasting: • Adler, Commerce, and Mhoon soils 54 Soil Survey

Typical Profile • Maintaining tilth and fertility Management measures: Surface layer: • Grasses and legumes that can withstand seasonal 0 to 10 inches—brown, mottled silt loam wetness are best suited Subsoil: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and 10 to 19 inches—olive brown, mottled silt loam Pasture Section 19 to 23 inches—mottled grayish brown and olive Forestland brown silt loam Suitability: Well suited Substratum: Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American 23 to 45 inches—grayish brown and gray, mottled silt sycamore, Eastern cottonwood, green ash, and loam sweetgum 45 to 80 inches—mottled very dark gray and dark Management concerns: gray silt loam • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Soil Properties and Qualities • Seedling mortality • Plant competition Depth: Very deep Management measures: Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Organic matter content: Moderate is dry Permeability: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Available water capacity: High Productivity and Management Section Depth of root zone: Very deep Surface runoff: Slow Residential and Commercial Uses Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 2 feet during winter and spring Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee Limitation rating: Somewhat limited unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic Limitations: event • Seasonal wetness Land Use Corrective measures: • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess Major uses: Cropland water • See Use and Management of the Soils, Cropland Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land capability subclass: 2w Septic Tank Absorption Fields Suitability: Well suited Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Limitation rating: Very limited sorghum Limitations: Management concerns: • Seasonal wetness • Seasonal wetness Corrective measures: • Susceptibility to compaction • Increasing the size of the absorption area • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to Management measures: remove excess water • Surface drainage or tile drainage to remove excess • Special design or alternate system water • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Minimizing tillage operations to reduce compaction Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Local Roads and Streets Pasture Section Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Pasture and Forage Limitations: Suitability: Well suited • Seasonal wetness Adapted plants: White clover, red clover, Corrective measures: orchardgrass, and tall fescue • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management concerns: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Seasonal wetness Engineering, Building Site Development Section Fulton County, Kentucky 55

Cr—Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain slopes, occasionally flooded sorghum; however, small grains may be damaged by brief flooding Management concerns: Setting • Wetness Major landform: Flood plains of tributaries to the • Occasional flooding Mississippi River • Susceptibility to compaction Position on the landform: Not limited depressions • Maintaining tilth and fertility along creeks and streams Management measures: Size of areas: 5 to 250 acres • Surface drainage or tile drainage to remove excess water Composition • Minimizing tillage operations to reduce compaction • Convent and similar soils: 85 to 90 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 to 15 Pasture Section percent Pasture and Forage Minor Components Suitability: Moderately suited Contrasting: Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Adler, Dekoven, and Mhoon soils in similar positions Management concerns: • Wetness Typical Profile • Maintaining tilth and fertility Surface layer: Management measures: 0 to 10 inches—brown, mottled silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Subsoil: 10 to 19 inches—olive brown, mottled silt loam Forestland 19 to 23 inches—mottled grayish brown and olive Suitability: Well suited brown silt loam Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American Substratum: sycamore, Eastern cottonwood, green ash, and 23 to 45 inches—grayish brown and gray, mottled silt sweetgum loam Management concerns: 45 to 80 inches—mottled very dark gray, dark gray, • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness and light brownish gray silt loam • Moderate seedling mortality • Very limited plant competition Soil Properties and Qualities Management measures: Depth: Very deep • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained is dry Organic matter content: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Permeability: Moderate Productivity and Management Section Available water capacity: High Residential and Commercial Uses Depth of root zone: Very deep Surface runoff: Slow Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 2 feet during winter and spring Limitation rating: Very limited Frequency of flooding: Occasional—very brief to brief Limitations: duration • Flooding hazard Corrective measures: Land Use • Building on better suited soils out of the flood plain Major uses: Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Cropland Septic Tank Absorption Fields Land capability subclass: 2w Suitability: Well suited Limitation rating: Very limited 56 Soil Survey

Limitations: Permeability: Moderate • Flooding hazard Available water capacity: High • Wetness Depth of root zone: Deep Corrective measures: Surface runoff: Slow • See Use and Management of the Soils, Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 2 feet of Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section the surface during winter and early spring Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long Local Roads and Streets duration Limitation rating: Very limited Land Use Limitations: • Flooding hazard Major uses: Cropland Corrective measures: • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Cropland base material Land capability subclass: 3w • See Use and Management of the Soils, Suitability: Well suited Engineering, Building Site Development Section Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum; not suited to winter wheat Cs—Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Management concerns: slopes, frequently flooded • Seasonal high water table • Delayed plantings • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Setting duration Major landform: Flood plains • Susceptibility to compaction Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Maintaining tilth and fertility depressional areas along tributaries to the Management measures: Mississippi River • Surface drainage or tile drainage to remove excess Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres water • Restricting tillage operations to minimize Composition compaction • Convent and similar soils: 85 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Pasture Section Minor Components Pasture and Forage Contrasting: Suitability: Moderately suited • Dekoven, Kurk, and Mhoon soils Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Management concerns: Typical Profile • Wetness Surface layer: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long 0 to 10 inches—brown, mottled silt loam duration • Controlling weeds Subsoil: • Maintaining tilth and fertility 10 to 19 inches—olive brown, mottled silt loam Management measures: 19 to 23 inches—mottled grayish brown and olive • Maintenance of existing drainage system brown silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Substratum: Pasture Section 23 to 45 inches—grayish brown and gray, mottled silt Forestland loam 45 to 80 inches—mottled very dark gray, dark gray, Suitability: Well suited and light brownish gray silt loam Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American sycamore, Eastern cottonwood, green ash, and Soil Properties and Qualities sweetgum Depth: Very deep Management concerns: Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Organic matter content: High duration Fulton County, Kentucky 57

• Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Typical Profile • Plant competition Convent Management measures: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Surface layer: is dry 0 to 10 inches—brown, mottled silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Subsoil: Productivity and Management Section 10 to 19 inches—olive brown, mottled silt loam Residential and Commercial Uses 19 to 23 inches—mottled grayish brown and olive brown silt loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Substratum: Limitation rating: Very limited 23 to 45 inches—grayish brown and gray, mottled silt Limitations: loam • Flooding hazard 45 to 80 inches—mottled very dark gray, dark gray, Corrective measures: and light brownish gray silt loam • Impractical or none feasible Mhoon Septic Tank Absorption Fields Surface layer: Limitation rating: Very limited 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt loam Limitations: 5 to 9 inches—mottled grayish brown and dark • Wetness grayish brown silt loam • Flooding hazard Subsoil: Corrective measures: 9 to 22 inches—dark gray, mottled silt loam • Impractical or none feasible 22 to 33 inches—dark gray, mottled silty clay loam Local Roads and Streets Substratum: Limitation rating: Very limited 33 to 80 inches—gray, mottled silty clay loam Limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • Flooding hazard Corrective measures: Depth: Very deep • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Drainage class: Convent—somewhat poorly drained; base material Mhoon—poorly drained • See Use and Management of the Soils, Organic matter content: Moderate Engineering, Building Site Development Section Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Depth of root zone: Deep Ct—Convent-Mhoon complex, 0 to 2 Surface runoff: Slow percent slopes, occasionally flooded Depth to seasonal high water table: Convent—from 1.5 to 2 feet of the surface during winter and early Setting spring; Mhoon—within 1 foot of the surface during winter and early spring Major landform: Flood plains Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief duration Position on the landform: Depressional areas along creeks and streams Land Use Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres Major uses: Cropland Composition Cropland • Convent and similar soils: 55 percent • Mhoon and similar soils: 40 percent Land capability subclass: Convent—2w; Mhoon—3w • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent Suitability: Suited for areas adequately drained Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum Minor Components in areas that have been adequately drained; Contrasting: generally not suited to winter wheat • Dekoven, Kurk, and Routon soils Management concerns: • Seasonal high water table 58 Soil Survey

• Delayed plantings Septic Tank Absorption Fields • Occasional flooding Limitation rating: Very limited • Susceptibility to compaction Limitations: • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Flooding hazard Management measures: • Wetness • Maintenance of existing drainage system Corrective measures: • Reducing tillage operations to minimize compaction • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Mhoon—compliance with existing wetland laws and Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section regulations • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Local Roads and Streets Pasture Section Limitation rating: Very limited Pasture and Forage Limitations: • Flooding hazard Suitability: Moderately suited • Mhoon—low strength Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Corrective measures: Management concerns: • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or • Wetness base material • Flooding • Mhoon—compliance with existing wetland laws and • Maintaining tilth and fertility regulations Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Mhoon—compliance with existing wetland laws and Engineering, Building Site Development Section regulations • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Cu—Convent-Mhoon complex, 0 to 2 Forestland percent slopes, frequently flooded Suitability: Well suited Setting Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American sycamore, Eastern cottonwood, green ash, and Major landform: Flood plains sweetgum Position on the landform: Depressional areas along Management concerns: major tributaries to the Mississippi River • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Size of areas: 5 to 250 acres • Convent—plant competition Composition • Mhoon—seedling mortality Management measures: • Convent and similar soils: 55 percent • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil • Mhoon and similar soils: 40 percent is dry • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent • Mhoon—compliance with existing wetland laws and Minor Components regulations • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Contrasting: Productivity and Management Section • Dekoven, Kurk, and Routon soils Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Convent Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Surface layer: Limitation rating: Very limited 0 to 10 inches—brown, mottled silt loam Limitations: Subsoil: • Flooding hazard 10 to 19 inches—olive brown, mottled silt loam • Wetness 19 to 23 inches—mottled grayish brown and olive Corrective measures: brown silt loam • Building on better suited soils out of the flood plain • See Use and Management of the Soils, Substratum: Engineering, Building Site Development Section 23 to 45 inches—grayish brown and gray, mottled silt loam Fulton County, Kentucky 59

45 to 80 inches—mottled very dark gray, dark gray, Pasture and Forage and light brownish gray silt loam Suitability: Moderately suited Mhoon Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Management concerns: Surface layer: • Wetness 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt loam • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long 5 to 9 inches—mottled grayish brown and dark duration grayish brown silt loam • Maintaining tilth and fertility Subsoil: Management measures: 9 to 22 inches—dark gray, mottled silt loam • Compliance with existing wetland laws and 22 to 33 inches—dark gray, mottled silty clay loam regulations • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Substratum: Pasture Section 33 to 80 inches—gray, mottled silty clay loam Forestland Soil Properties and Qualities Suitability: Well suited Depth: Very deep Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American Drainage class: Convent—somewhat poorly drained; sycamore, Eastern cottonwood, green ash, and Mhoon—poorly drained sweetgum Organic matter content: Moderate Management concerns: Permeability: Moderate • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Available water capacity: High duration Depth of root zone: Deep • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Surface runoff: Slow • Convent—plant competition Depth to seasonal high water table: Convent—from • Mhoon—seedling mortality 1.5 to 2 feet of the surface during winter and early Management measures: spring; Mhoon—within 1 foot of the surface during • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil winter and early spring is dry Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long • Compliance with existing wetland laws and duration regulations Land Use • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Major uses: Cropland Residential and Commercial Uses Cropland Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Land capability subclass: Convent—3w; Mhoon—3w Suitability: Moderately suited Limitation rating: Very limited Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum Limitations: in areas that have been adequately drained; not • Flooding hazard suited to winter wheat • Wetness Management concerns: Corrective measures: • Seasonal high water table • Impractical or none feasible • Delayed plantings Septic Tank Absorption Fields • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long duration Limitation rating: Very limited • Susceptibility to compaction Limitations: • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Flooding hazard Management measures: • Wetness • Maintenance of existing drainage system Corrective measures: • Reducing tillage operations to minimize compaction • Impractical or none feasible • Mhoon—compliance with existing wetland laws and Local Roads and Streets regulations • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Limitation rating: Very limited Pasture Section 60 Soil Survey

Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet during • Flooding hazard winter and early spring • Mhoon—low strength Shrink-swell potential: None Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief to long • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or duration base material Land Use • Mhoon—Compliance with existing wetland laws and regulations Major uses: Forestland and wildlife habitat • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Cropland Land capability subclass: 6s Cv—Crevasse loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 Suitability: Poorly suited percent slopes, occasionally flooded Adapted crops: Soybeans Management concerns: • Flooding hazard Setting • Very limited droughtiness Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in Madrid Management measures: Bend • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Position on the landform: Riverbanks, flood plain Pasture Section splays, and point bars at greater than 290 feet Pasture and Forage elevation Size of areas: 15 to 500 acres Suitability: Poorly suited Management concerns: Composition • Flooding sometimes lasting for long duration • Crevasse and similar soils: 85 percent • Very limited droughtiness • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent • Controlling weeds Management measures: Minor Components • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Contrasting: Pasture Section • Crevasse soils with fine sand or sand surface Forestland texture • Robinsonville soils Suitability: Moderately suited • Areas along riverbanks with slopes ranging from 4 Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American to 15 percent sycamore, American elm, sugarberry, and sweetgum Typical Profile Management concerns: Surface layer: • Seedling mortality due to droughtiness 0 to 4 inches—very dark grayish brown loamy fine Management measures: sand • Planting seedlings during late fall or early winter to ensure adequate moisture for survival Subsurface: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest 4 to 7 inches—dark brown loamy fine sand Productivity and Management Section Substratum: Residential and Commercial Uses 7 to 16 inches—brown fine sand 16 to 80 inches—pale brown sand Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Soil Properties and Qualities Limitation rating: Very limited Depth: Very deep Limitations: Drainage class: Excessively drained • Flooding hazard Organic matter content: Low Corrective measures: Permeability: Rapid • Impractical or none feasible Available water capacity: Low Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth of root zone: Very deep Surface runoff: Slow Limitation rating: Very limited Fulton County, Kentucky 61

Limitations: Depth of root zone: Very deep • Flooding hazard Surface runoff: Slow • Groundwater pollution due to poor filtering capacity Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet during Corrective measures: winter and early spring • Impractical or none feasible Shrink-swell potential: None Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long Local Roads and Streets duration Limitation rating: Very limited Land Use Limitations: • Flooding hazard Major uses: Forestland and wildlife habitat Corrective measures: • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Cropland base material Land capability subclass: 6s • See Use and Management of the Soils, Suitability: Poorly suited Engineering, Building Site Development Section Adapted crops: Soybeans Management concerns: Cw—Crevasse loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 • Flooding hazard percent slopes, frequently flooded • Very limited droughtiness Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Setting Pasture Section Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain Pasture and Forage Position on the landform: Riverbanks, flood plain splays, and point bars Suitability: Poorly suited Size of areas: 15 to 250 acres Management concerns: • Flooding sometimes lasting for long duration Composition • Very limited droughtiness • Crevasse and similar soils: 90 percent • Controlling weeds • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Minor Components Pasture Section Contrasting: Forestland • Crevasse and Robinsonville soils • Soils with fine sand or sand surface texture Suitability: Moderately suited • Areas along riverbanks with slopes ranging from 4 Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American to 15 percent sycamore, American elm, black willow, and sugarberry Typical Profile Management concerns: Surface layer: • Seedling mortality due to droughtiness 0 to 4 inches—very dark grayish brown loamy fine Management measures: sand • Planting seedlings during late fall or early winter to ensure adequate moisture for survival Subsurface: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest 4 to 7 inches—dark brown loamy fine sand Productivity and Management Section Substratum: Residential and Commercial Uses 7 to 16 inches—brown fine sand 16 to 80 inches—pale brown sand Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Soil Properties and Qualities Limitation rating: Very limited Depth: Very deep Limitations: Drainage class: Excessively drained • Flooding hazard Organic matter content: Low Corrective measures: Permeability: Rapid • Impractical or none feasible Available water capacity: Low 62 Soil Survey

Septic Tank Absorption Fields Permeability: Rapid Available water capacity: Low Limitation rating: Very limited Depth of root zone: Very deep Limitations: Surface runoff: Slow • Flooding hazard Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet during • Groundwater pollution due to poor filtering capacity winter and early spring Corrective measures: Shrink-swell potential: None • Impractical or none feasible Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long Local Roads and Streets duration Limitation rating: Very limited Land Use Limitations: Major uses: Forestland and wildlife habitat • Flooding hazard Corrective measures: Cropland • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or base material Land capability subclass: 4s • See Use and Management of the Soils, Suitability: Poorly suited Engineering, Building Site Development Section Adapted crops: Soybeans Management concerns: • Flooding hazard Cx—Crevasse silt loam, 0 to 3 percent • Very limited droughtiness slopes, frequently flooded Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Setting Pasture Section Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain splay in Pasture and Forage the Upper Bottom Suitability: Poorly suited Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Management concerns: depressional areas where the river has cut and • Flooding sometimes lasting for long duration deposited large volumes of sand greater than 5 • Very limited droughtiness feet in thickness • Controlling weeds Size of areas: 250 acres Management measures: Composition • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section • Crevasse and similar soils: 95 percent • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent Forestland Minor Components Suitability: Moderately suited Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American Contrasting: sycamore, American elm, sugarberry, and • Commerce and Robinsonville soils sweetgum Typical Profile Management concerns: • Seedling mortality due to droughtiness Surface layer: Management measures: 0 to 4 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam • Planting seedlings during late fall or early winter to Subsurface: ensure adequate moisture for survival 4 to 7 inches—very dark grayish brown loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Substratum: 7 to 16 inches—brown loamy sand Residential and Commercial Uses 16 to 80 inches—light brownish gray sand Soil Properties and Qualities Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Depth: Very deep Limitation rating: Very limited Drainage class: Excessively drained Limitations: Organic matter content: Low • Flooding hazard Fulton County, Kentucky 63

Corrective measures: 44 to 62 inches—mottled grayish brown and light • Impractical or none feasible brownish gray silt loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields Substratum: 62 to 80 inches—dark gray and light brownish gray, Limitation rating: Very limited mottled silt loam Limitations: • Flooding hazard Soil Properties and Qualities • Groundwater pollution due to poor filtering capacity Depth: Very deep Corrective measures: Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Impractical or none feasible Organic matter content: High Local Roads and Streets Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Limitation rating: Very limited Depth of root zone: Deep Limitations: Surface runoff: Slow • Flooding hazard Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of Corrective measures: the surface during winter and early spring • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief duration base material • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Building Site Development Section Major uses: Cropland

De—Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 Cropland percent slopes, occasionally flooded Land capability subclass: 2w Suitability: Well suited Setting Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum; generally not suited to winter wheat Major landform: Flood plains Management concerns: Position on the landform: Nearly level areas along • Seasonal high water table creeks and streams • Delayed plantings Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres • Occasional flooding Composition • Susceptibility to compaction • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Dekoven and similar soils: 80 percent Management measures: • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent • Maintenance of existing drainage system Minor Components • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Contrasting: • Small areas of Convent, Kurk, and Mhoon soils Pasture and Forage • Soils similar to Dekoven with a mollic epipedon Suitability: Moderately suited more than 24 inches thick Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Soils with a brown overwash surface layer from 6 to Management concerns: 12 inches thick • Wetness • Small, depressional undrained areas • Controlling weeds Typical Profile • Maintaining tilth and fertility Surface layer: Management measures: 0 to 7 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam • Maintenance of existing drainage system • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Subsurface layer: Pasture Section 7 to 20 inches—very dark gray, mottled silt loam Forestland Subsoil: 20 to 27 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty Suitability: Well suited clay loam Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American 27 to 44 inches—dark gray, mottled silt loam sycamore, red maple, green ash, and sweetgum 64 Soil Survey

Management concerns: Minor Components • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Contrasting: • Plant competition • Small areas of Convent, Kurk, and Mhoon soils Management measures: • Soils similar to Dekoven with a mollic epipedon • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil more than 24 inches thick is dry • Soils with a brown overwash surface layer from 6 to • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest 12 inches thick Productivity and Management Section • Small, depressional undrained areas Residential and Commercial Uses Typical Profile Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Surface layer: 0 to 7 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Subsurface layer: • Flooding hazard 7 to 20 inches—very dark gray, mottled silt loam • Wetness Subsoil: Corrective measures: 20 to 27 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty • Building on better suited soils out of the flood plain clay loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, 27 to 44 inches—dark gray, mottled silt loam Engineering, Building Site Development Section 44 to 62 inches—mottled grayish brown and light Septic Tank Absorption Fields brownish gray silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Substratum: Limitations: 62 to 80 inches—dark gray and light brownish gray, • Flooding hazard mottled silt loam • Wetness Soil Properties and Qualities Corrective measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Depth: Very deep Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Organic matter content: High Local Roads and Streets Permeability: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Available water capacity: High Limitations: Depth of root zone: Deep • Flooding hazard Surface runoff: Slow • Low strength Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of Corrective measures: the surface during winter and early spring • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long base material duration • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Building Site Development Section Major uses: Cropland

Dk—Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 Cropland percent slopes, frequently flooded Land capability subclass: 3w Suitability: Well suited Setting Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum; Major landform: Flood plains not suited to winter wheat Position on the landform: Nearly level areas along Management concerns: creeks and streams • Seasonal high water table Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres • Delayed plantings • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Composition duration • Dekoven and similar soils: 85 percent • Susceptibility to compaction • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent • Maintaining tilth and fertility Fulton County, Kentucky 65

Management measures: Local Roads and Streets • Maintenance of existing drainage system Limitation rating: Very limited • Limiting the number of passes with tillage Limitations: equipment • Flooding hazard • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Low strength Pasture Section Corrective measures: Pasture and Forage • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or base material Suitability: Moderately suited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Engineering, Building Site Development Section Management concerns: • Wetness • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Do—Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 duration percent slopes, occasionally flooded, • Controlling weeds overwash • Maintaining tilth and fertility Management measures: Setting • Maintenance of existing drainage system • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Major landform: Flood plains Pasture Section Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly depressional areas along creeks and streams Forestland Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres Suitability: Well suited Composition Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American sycamore, red maple, green ash, and sweetgum • Dekoven overwash and similar soils: 85 percent Management concerns: • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Minor Components duration • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Contrasting: • Plant competition • Small areas of Convent and Kurk soils Management measures: • Small areas that do not have the surface layer of • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil overwash is dry Typical Profile • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Surface layer: 0 to 14 inches—brown silt loam Residential and Commercial Uses Subsurface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 14 to 34 inches—very dark gray and very dark grayish brown, mottled silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Subsoil: • Flooding hazard 34 to 38 inches—mottled dark grayish brown, dark • Wetness gray, and olive brown silty clay loam Corrective measures: 38 to 57 inches—mottled grayish brown and light • Impractical or none feasible brownish gray silt loam 57 to 78 inches—mottled grayish brown and light Septic Tank Absorption Fields olive brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Substratum: Limitations: 78 to 80 inches—mottled grayish brown and light • Flooding hazard brownish gray silt loam • Wetness Soil Properties and Qualities Corrective measures: • Impractical or none feasible Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained 66 Soil Survey

Organic matter content: High • Maintaining tilth and fertility Permeability: Moderate Management measures: Available water capacity: High • Maintenance of existing drainage system Depth of root zone: Deep • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Surface runoff: Slow Pasture Section Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of Pasture and Forage the surface during winter and early spring Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief duration Suitability: Moderately suited Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Land Use Management concerns: Major uses: Cropland • Wetness • Controlling weeds Cropland • Maintaining tilth and fertility Land capability subclass: 2w Management measures: Suitability: Well suited • Maintenance of existing drainage system Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum; • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and generally not suited to winter wheat Pasture Section Management concerns: Forestland • Seasonal high water table • Delayed plantings Suitability: Well suited • Occasional flooding (fig. 8) Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American • Susceptibility to compaction sycamore, red maple, green ash, and sweetgum

Figure 8.—Spring flooding in some years can delay planting in areas of Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, overwash. Fulton County, Kentucky 67

Management concerns: Minor Components • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Contrasting: • Plant competition • Small areas of Convent and Kurk soils Management measures: • Small areas that do not have the surface layer of • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil overwash is dry • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Typical Profile Productivity and Management Section Surface layer: Residential and Commercial Uses 0 to 14 inches—brown silt loam Subsurface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 14 to 34 inches—very dark gray and very dark Limitation rating: Very limited grayish brown, mottled silt loam Limitations: Subsoil: • Flooding hazard 34 to 38 inches—mottled dark grayish brown, dark Corrective measures: gray, and olive brown silty clay loam • Building on better suited soils out of the flood plain 38 to 57 inches—mottled grayish brown and light • See Use and Management of the Soils, brownish gray silt loam Engineering, Building Site Development Section 57 to 78 inches—mottled grayish brown and light Septic Tank Absorption Fields olive brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Substratum: Limitations: 78 to 80 inches—mottled grayish brown and light • Flooding hazard brownish gray silt loam • Wetness Soil Properties and Qualities Corrective measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Depth: Very deep Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Organic matter content: High Local Roads and Streets Permeability: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Available water capacity: High Limitations: Depth of root zone: Deep • Flooding hazard Surface runoff: Slow • Low strength Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of Corrective measures: the surface during winter and early spring • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long base material duration • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Building Site Development Section Major uses: Cropland

Dv—Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 Cropland percent slopes, frequently flooded, overwash Land capability subclass: 3w Suitability: Well suited Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum; Setting not suited to winter wheat Major landform: Flood plains Management concerns: Position on the landform: Nearly level areas along • Seasonal high water table creeks and streams • Delayed plantings Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long duration Composition • Susceptibility to compaction • Dekoven overwash and similar soils: 80 percent • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent 68 Soil Survey

Management measures: Limitations: • Maintenance of existing drainage system • Flooding hazard • Limiting the number of passes with tillage • Low strength equipment Corrective measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Pasture Section base material • See Use and Management of the Soils, Pasture and Forage Engineering, Building Site Development Section Suitability: Moderately suited Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Management concerns: Fa—Falaya silt loam, 0 to 2 percent • Wetness slopes, occasionally flooded • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long duration Setting • Controlling weeds Major landform: Flood plains in the easternmost part • Maintaining tilth and fertility of the county Management measures: Position on the landform: Slightly depressional areas • Maintenance of existing drainage system along creeks and streams • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres Pasture Section Composition Forestland • Falaya and similar soils: 85 to 90 percent Suitability: Well suited • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 to 15 Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, American percent sycamore, red maple, green ash, and sweetgum Management concerns: Minor Components • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Contrasting: duration • Collins and Waverly soils in similar positions • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness • Soils that are less acid throughout • Plant competition Management measures: Typical Profile • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Surface layer: is dry 0 to 8 inches—brown silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Subsoil: 8 to 14 inches—brown, mottled silt loam Residential and Commercial Uses 14 to 24 inches—light brownish gray, mottled silt loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Substratum: Limitation rating: Very limited 24 to 52 inches—light brownish gray and gray, Limitations: mottled silt loam • Flooding hazard 52 to 80 inches—mottled brown and light brownish Corrective measures: gray silt loam • Impractical or none feasible Soil Properties and Qualities Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth: Very deep Limitation rating: Very limited Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Limitations: Organic matter content: Moderate • Flooding hazard Permeability: Moderate • Wetness Available water capacity: High Corrective measures: Depth of root zone: Very deep • Impractical or none feasible Surface runoff: Slow Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet Local Roads and Streets during winter and spring Limitation rating: Very limited Fulton County, Kentucky 69

Frequency of flooding: Occasional—very brief • See Use and Management of the Soils, duration Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land Use Septic Tank Absorption Fields Major uses: Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Cropland • Flooding hazard • Wetness Land capability subclass: 2w Corrective measures: Suitability: Well suited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section sorghum; however, small grains and winter cover crops may be damaged by very brief flooding Local Roads and Streets Management concerns: Limitation rating: Very limited • Wetness Limitations: • Flooding • Flooding hazard • Maintaining tilth and fertility Corrective measures: Management measures: • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or • Surface drainage or tile drainage to remove excess base material water • See Use and Management of the Soils, • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Engineering, Building Site Development Section Pasture Section Pasture and Forage Fc—Falaya-Waverly complex, 0 to 2 Suitability: Suited percent slopes, occasionally flooded Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Management concerns: Setting • Wetness • Maintaining tilth and fertility Major landform: Flood plains in the easternmost part Management measures: of the county • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Position on the landform: Depressional areas along Pasture Section creeks and streams Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres Forestland Composition Suitability: Well suited Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, red maple, green • Falaya and similar soils: 55 percent ash, and sweetgum • Waverly and similar soils: 40 percent Management concerns: • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Minor Components • Moderate seedling mortality • Very limited plant competition Contrasting: Management measures: • Small areas of Collins soils in slightly higher • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest positions Productivity and Management Section • Soils that are less acid throughout Residential and Commercial Uses Typical Profile Falaya Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Surface layer: Limitation rating: Very limited 0 to 8 inches—brown silt loam Limitations: • Flooding hazard Subsoil: • Wetness 8 to 14 inches—brown, mottled silt loam Corrective measures: 14 to 24 inches—light brownish gray, mottled silt loam • Building on better suited soils out of the flood plain 70 Soil Survey

Substratum: Pasture and Forage 24 to 52 inches—light brownish gray and gray, Suitability: Moderately suited mottled silt loam Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue 52 to 80 inches—mottled brown and light brownish Management concerns: gray silt loam • Wetness Waverly • Flooding • Maintaining tilth and fertility Surface layer: Management measures: 0 to 10 inches—brown and grayish brown, mottled silt • Waverly—compliance with existing wetland laws loam and regulations Subsoil: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and 10 to 54 inches—light brownish gray and gray, Pasture Section mottled silt loam Forestland Substratum: Suitability: Well suited 54 to 80 inches—gray, mottled silt loam Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, red maple, green Soil Properties and Qualities ash, and sweetgum Management concerns: Depth: Very deep • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Drainage class: Falaya—somewhat poorly drained; • Falaya—plant competition Waverly—poorly drained • Waverly—seedling mortality Organic matter content: Moderate Management measures: Permeability: Moderate • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Available water capacity: High is dry Depth of root zone: Deep • Waverly—compliance with existing wetland laws Surface runoff: Slow and regulations Depth to seasonal high water table: Falaya—1 foot to • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest 2 feet below the surface during winter and early Productivity and Management Section spring; Waverly—within 1 foot of the surface during winter and early spring Residential and Commercial Uses Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief duration Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Land Use Limitation rating: Very limited Major uses: Cropland Limitations: • Flooding hazard Cropland • Wetness Land capability subclass: Falaya—2w; Waverly—3w Corrective measures: Suitability: Suited for areas adequately drained • Building on better suited soils out of the flood plain Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum • See Use and Management of the Soils, in areas that have been adequately drained; Engineering, Building Site Development Section generally not suited to winter wheat Septic Tank Absorption Fields Management concerns: • Seasonal high water table Limitation rating: Very limited • Delayed plantings Limitations: • Occasional flooding • Flooding hazard • Susceptibility to compaction • Wetness • Maintaining tilth and fertility Corrective measures: Management measures: • Selecting a site at a higher elevation above flood- • Maintenance of existing drainage system prone areas • Reducing tillage operations to minimize compaction • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Waverly—compliance with existing wetland laws Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section and regulations Local Roads and Streets • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Limitation rating: Very limited Fulton County, Kentucky 71

Limitations: Cropland • Flooding hazard Land capability class: 1 • Waverly—wetness Suitability: Well suited Corrective measures: Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or sorghum base material Management concerns: • Waverly—compliance with existing wetland laws • Maintaining tilth and fertility and regulations Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Engineering, Building Site Development Section • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section FnA—Feliciana silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Pasture and Forage slopes Suitability: Well suited Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Setting Management concerns: Major landform: Uplands • No significant limitations Position on the landform: Nearly level ridgetops Forestland Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres Suitability: Well suited Composition Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, • Feliciana and similar soils: 95 percent and yellow-poplar • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent Management concerns: • Plant competition Minor Components Management measures: Contrasting: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Loring soils in similar positions Productivity and Management Section Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Surface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 0 to 8 inches—brown silt loam Limitation rating: Not limited Subsoil: 8 to 12 inches—strong brown silty clay loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields 12 to 35 inches—strong brown silt loam Limitation rating: Somewhat limited 35 to 80 inches—strong brown and brown silt loam Limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • Restricted permeability Corrective measures: Depth: Very deep • Increasing the size of the absorption area Drainage class: Well drained • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to Organic matter content: Moderate remove excess water Permeability: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Available water capacity: High Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Depth of root zone: Very deep Surface runoff: Moderate Local Roads and Streets Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 Limitation rating: Very limited feet Limitations: Frequency of flooding: None • Low strength Corrective measures: Land Use • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Major uses: Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section 72 Soil Survey

FnB—Feliciana silt loam, 2 to 6 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and slopes Pasture Section Pasture and Forage Setting Suitability: Well suited Major landform: Uplands Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Position on the landform: Gently sloping narrow Management concerns: ridgetops • No significant limitations Size of areas: 5 to 250 acres Forestland Composition Suitability: Well suited • Feliciana and similar soils: 95 percent Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent and yellow-poplar Management concerns: Minor Components • Plant competition Contrasting: Management measures: • Loring soils in similar positions • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Small eroded areas Productivity and Management Section Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Surface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 0 to 8 inches—brown silt loam Limitation rating: Not limited Subsoil: 8 to 12 inches—brown silty clay loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields 12 to 35 inches—strong brown silt loam Limitation rating: Somewhat limited 35 to 80 inches—strong brown and brown silt loam Limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • Restricted permeability Corrective measures: Depth: Very deep • Increasing the size of the absorption area Drainage class: Well drained • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to Organic matter content: Moderate remove excess water Permeability: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Available water capacity: High Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Depth of root zone: Very deep Surface runoff: Moderate Local Roads and Streets Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 Limitation rating: Very limited feet Limitations: Frequency of flooding: None • Low strength Land Use Corrective measures: • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Major uses: Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Cropland Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land capability subclass: 2e Suitability: Well suited FnB2—Feliciana silt loam, 2 to 6 percent Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain slopes, eroded sorghum Management concerns: Setting • Moderate erosion hazard • Maintaining tilth and fertility Major landform: Uplands Management measures: Position on the landform: Gently sloping narrow • Grassed waterways along drainageways ridgetops • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Size of areas: 5 to 250 acres • Intensifying measures as slope increases Fulton County, Kentucky 73

Composition Forestland • Feliciana and similar soils: 95 percent Suitability: Well suited • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, and yellow-poplar Minor Components Management concerns: Contrasting: • Plant competition • Loring soils in similar positions Management measures: • Non-eroded areas • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Surface layer: 0 to 5 inches—brown silt loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Subsoil: Limitation rating: Not limited 5 to 17 inches—strong brown silty clay loam 17 to 80 inches—brown and strong brown silt loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields Soil Properties and Qualities Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Limitations: Depth: Very deep • Restricted permeability Drainage class: Well drained Corrective measures: Organic matter content: Moderate • Increasing the size of the absorption area Permeability: Moderate • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to Available water capacity: High remove excess water Depth of root zone: Very deep • See Use and Management of the Soils, Surface runoff: Moderate Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 feet Local Roads and Streets Frequency of flooding: None Limitation rating: Very limited Land Use Limitations: • Low strength Major uses: Cropland Corrective measures: • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land capability subclass: 2e Engineering, Building Site Development Section Suitability: Well suited Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain sorghum FnC2—Feliciana silt loam, 6 to 12 percent Management concerns: slopes, eroded • Moderate erosion hazard • Maintaining tilth and fertility Setting Management measures: Major landform: Uplands • Grassed waterways along drainageways Position on the landform: Sloping, narrow ridgetops • Crop residue management and conservation tillage and upper shoulders of side slopes • Intensifying measures as slope increases Size of areas: 5 to 75 acres • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Composition • Feliciana and similar soils: 95 percent Pasture and Forage • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent Suitability: Well suited Minor Components Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Management concerns: Contrasting: • No significant limitations • Loring soils in similar positions • Small, very limitedly eroded areas 74 Soil Survey

Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Surface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 0 to 5 inches—brown silt loam Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Subsoil: Limitations: 5 to 17 inches—strong brown silty clay loam • Slope 17 to 80 inches—brown and strong brown silt loam Corrective measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and construction Depth: Very deep • See Use and Management of the Soils, Drainage class: Well drained Engineering, Building Site Development Section Organic matter content: Moderate Permeability: Moderate Septic Tank Absorption Fields Available water capacity: High Limitation rating: Moderate Depth of root zone: Very deep Limitations: Surface runoff: Moderate • Restricted permeability Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 • Slope feet Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: None • Increasing the size of the absorption area Land Use • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to remove excess water Major uses: Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Cropland Local Roads and Streets Land capability subclass: 3e Suitability: Well suited Limitation rating: Very limited Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Limitations: sorghum • Low strength Management concerns: Corrective measures: • Severe erosion hazard • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material • Maintaining tilth and fertility • See Use and Management of the Soils, Management measures: Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Grassed waterways along drainageways • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • Intensifying measures as slope increases FnC3—Feliciana silt loam, 6 to 12 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and slopes, severely eroded Pasture Section Setting Pasture and Forage Major landform: Uplands Suitability: Well suited Position on the landform: Side slopes Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Size of areas: 5 to 75 acres Management concerns: • No significant limitations Composition Forestland • Feliciana and similar soils: 90 percent • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Suitability: Well suited Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, Minor Components and yellow-poplar Management concerns: Contrasting: • Plant competition • Loring soils in similar positions Management measures: • Small areas with only moderate erosion or not • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest limited for use because of erosion Productivity and Management Section Fulton County, Kentucky 75

Typical Profile Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Surface layer: Productivity and Management Section 0 to 3 inches—brown silt loam Residential and Commercial Uses Transitional layer: 3 to 6 inches—dark yellowish brown silt loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Subsoil: Limitation rating: Somewhat limited 6 to 15 inches—strong brown silty clay loam Limitations: 15 to 80 inches—strong brown and brown silt loam • Slope Soil Properties and Qualities Corrective measures: • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and Depth: Very deep construction Drainage class: Well drained • See Use and Management of the Soils, Organic matter content: Low Engineering, Building Site Development Section Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth of root zone: Very deep Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Surface runoff: Moderate Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 • Restricted permeability feet • Slope Frequency of flooding: None Corrective measures: Land Use • Increasing the size of the absorption area • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to Major uses: Cropland remove excess water • See Use and Management of the Soils, Cropland Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Land capability subclass: 4e Local Roads and Streets Suitability: Suited Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Limitation rating: Very limited sorghum Limitations: Management concerns: • Low strength • Severe erosion hazard Corrective measures: • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Grassed waterways along drainageways Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • Intensifying measures as slope increases • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and FnD3—Feliciana silt loam, 12 to 20 Pasture Section percent slopes, severely eroded Pasture and Forage Setting Suitability: Well suited Major landform: Uplands Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Position on the landform: Side slopes Management concerns: Size of areas: 20 to 175 acres • No significant limitations Composition Forestland • Feliciana and similar soils: 90 percent Suitability: Well suited • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, Minor Components and yellow-poplar Management concerns: Contrasting: • Plant competition • Loring soils in similar positions • Small areas with only moderate erosion 76 Soil Survey

Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Surface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 0 to 4 inches—brown and strong brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Subsoil: Limitations: 4 to 12 inches—strong brown silty clay loam • Slope 12 to 80 inches—strong brown and brown silt loam Corrective measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and construction Depth: Very deep • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Drainage class: Well drained • See Use and Management of the Soils, Organic matter content: Low Engineering, Building Site Development Section Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth of root zone: Very deep Limitation rating: Very limited Surface runoff: Moderate Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 • Slope feet Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: None • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Land Use • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Major uses: Pasture Local Roads and Streets Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Land capability subclass: 6e Limitations: Suitability: Not suited • Slope Management concerns: • Low strength • Slope Corrective measures: • Severe erosion hazard • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and construction Pasture and Forage • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Suitability: Suited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Engineering, Building Site Development Section Management concerns: • Severe erosion hazard • Maintaining desired species composition FnE3—Feliciana silt loam, 20 to 30 Management measures: percent slopes, severely eroded • Frequent pasture renovation • Maximizing the forage efficiency with proper Setting stocking rates, pasture rotation, and deferred grazing Major landform: Uplands • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Position on the landform: Side slopes Pasture Section Size of areas: 20 to 175 acres Forestland Composition Suitability: Well suited • Feliciana and similar soils: 90 percent Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent and yellow-poplar Management concerns: Minor Components • Plant competition Contrasting: Management measures: • Small areas with only moderate erosion • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Typical Profile Surface layer: 0 to 4 inches—brown and strong brown silt loam Fulton County, Kentucky 77

Subsoil: Limitations: 4 to 12 inches—strong brown silty clay loam • Slope 12 to 80 inches—strong brown and brown silt loam Corrective measures: • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Soil Properties and Qualities • See Use and Management of the Soils, Depth: Very deep Engineering, Building Site Development Section Drainage class: Well drained Septic Tank Absorption Fields Organic matter content: Low Permeability: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Available water capacity: High Limitations: Depth of root zone: Very deep • Slope Surface runoff: Moderate Corrective measures: Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope feet • See Use and Management of the Soils, Frequency of flooding: None Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Land Use Local Roads and Streets Major uses: Pasture Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Cropland • Slope • Low strength Land capability subclass: 7e Corrective measures: Suitability: Not suited • Design to conform to natural contour Management concerns: • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope • Slope • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Severe erosion hazard Engineering, Building Site Development Section Pasture and Forage Suitability: Pasture—suited; forage—poorly suited GrA—Grenada silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue slopes Management concerns: • Severe erosion hazard Setting • Maintaining desired species composition Management measures: Major landform: Uplands • Frequent pasture renovation Position on the landform: Nearly level, broad summits • Maximizing the forage efficiency with proper Size of areas: 5 to 75 acres stocking rates, pasture rotation, and deferred grazing Composition • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section • Grenada and similar soils: 80 to 85 percent • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 to 20 Forestland percent Suitability: Well suited Minor Components Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, and yellow-poplar Contrasting: Management concerns: • Small areas of Calloway soils in similar positions • Equipment limitations due to slope • Small areas with slopes ranging to 4 percent Management measures: Typical Profile • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Surface layer: 0 to 7 inches—brown silt loam Residential and Commercial Uses Transitional layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 7 to 13 inches—yellowish brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Subsoil: 13 to 24 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam 78 Soil Survey

24 to 30 inches—mottled light brownish gray silt loam Management concerns: and yellowish brown silty clay loam • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness 30 to 42 inches—a fragipan consisting of mottled Management measures: strong brown and light brownish gray silt loam • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil 42 to 80 inches—a fragipan consisting of brown, is dry mottled silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Soil Properties and Qualities Residential and Commercial Uses Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Organic matter content: Moderate Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow Limitation rating: Very limited in the fragipan Limitations: Available water capacity: Moderate • Seasonal wetness Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, limited by the Corrective measures: fragipan • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess Surface runoff: Moderately slow water Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.8 to 2.5 feet • See Use and Management of the Soils, during wet periods in winter and early spring Engineering, Building Site Development Section Frequency of flooding: None Septic Tank Absorption Fields Land Use Limitation rating: Very limited Major uses: Cropland Limitations: • Seasonal wetness Cropland • Slow permeability due to the fragipan Corrective measures: Land capability subclass: 2w • Curtain drains to remove excess water Suitability: Well suited • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain some instances, special design or alternate system sorghum • See Use and Management of the Soils, Management concerns: Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section • Seasonal wetness • Fragipan Local Roads and Streets • Susceptibility to compaction Limitation rating: Very limited • Maintaining tilth and fertility Limitations: Management measures: • Low strength • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Corrective measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Pasture Section • See Use and Management of the Soils, Pasture and Forage Engineering, Building Site Development Section Suitability: Well suited Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue GrB—Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent Management concerns: slopes • Seasonal wetness • Maintaining tilth and fertility Setting Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Major landform: Uplands Pasture Section Position on the landform: Gently sloping, broad summits of interfluves Forestland Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres Suitability: Well suited Composition Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, and yellow-poplar • Grenada and similar soils: 90 percent • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Fulton County, Kentucky 79

Minor Components • Intensifying measures as slope increases • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Contrasting: Pasture Section • Small areas of Adler and Convent soils occupying narrow drainageways Pasture and Forage • Small areas of Calloway soils in slightly concave Suitability: Well suited positions Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Typical Profile Management concerns: • Seasonal wetness Surface layer: • Maintaining tilth and fertility 0 to 7 inches—brown silt loam • Alfalfa stands become sparse after 2 to 3 years due Transitional layer: to seasonal wetness and moderate rooting depth 7 to 13 inches—yellowish brown silt loam Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Subsoil: Pasture Section 13 to 24 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam 24 to 30 inches—mottled light brownish gray silt loam Forestland and yellowish brown silty clay loam Suitability: Well suited 30 to 42 inches—a fragipan consisting of mottled Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, strong brown and light brownish gray silt loam and yellow-poplar 42 to 80 inches—a fragipan consisting of brown, Management concerns: mottled silt loam • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Soil Properties and Qualities Management measures: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Depth: Very deep is dry Drainage class: Moderately well drained • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Organic matter content: Moderate Productivity and Management Section Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow in the fragipan Residential and Commercial Uses Available water capacity: Moderate Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, limited by the Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings fragipan Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Surface runoff: Moderate Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.8 to 2.5 feet • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan during wet periods in winter and early spring Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: None • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess Land Use water • Tile drains by footings Major uses: Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Cropland Septic Tank Absorption Fields Land capability subclass: 2e Suitability: Well suited Limitation rating: Very limited Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Limitations: sorghum • Seasonal wetness Management concerns: • Slow permeability due to the fragipan • Moderate erosion hazard Corrective measures: • Seasonal high water table • Curtain drains to remove excess water • Fragipan • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in • Susceptibility to compaction some instances, special design or alternate system • Maintaining tilth and fertility • See Use and Management of the Soils, Management measures: Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section • Grassed waterways along drainageways • Crop residue management and conservation tillage 80 Soil Survey

Local Roads and Streets Surface runoff: Moderate Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.8 to 2.5 feet Limitation rating: Very limited during wet periods in winter and early spring Limitations: Frequency of flooding: None • Low strength Corrective measures: Land Use • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Major uses: Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Cropland Land capability subclass: 2e GrB2—Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent Suitability: Well suited slopes, eroded Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain sorghum Setting Management concerns: • Moderate erosion hazard Major landform: Uplands • Seasonal high water table Position on the landform: Gently sloping, broad • Fragipan summits of interfluves • Susceptibility to compaction Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres • Maintaining tilth and fertility Composition Management measures: • Grassed waterways along drainageways • Grenada and similar soils: 85 percent • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent • Intensifying measures as slope increases Minor Components • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Contrasting: • Small areas of Adler and Convent soils occupying Pasture and Forage narrow drainageways Suitability: Well suited • Small areas of Calloway soils in slightly concave Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue positions Management concerns: • Areas that are very limitedly eroded • Seasonal wetness Typical Profile • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Alfalfa stands become sparse after 2 to 3 years due Surface layer: to seasonal wetness and moderate rooting depth 0 to 5 inches—brown silt loam Management measures: Subsoil: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and 5 to 13 inches—yellowish brown silt loam Pasture Section 13 to 20 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam Forestland 20 to 26 inches—mottled light brownish gray silt loam and yellowish brown silty clay loam Suitability: Well suited 26 to 38 inches—a fragipan of mottled strong brown Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, and light brownish gray silt loam and yellow-poplar 38 to 80 inches—a fragipan consisting of brown, Management concerns: mottled silt loam • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Management measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Depth: Very deep is dry Drainage class: Moderately well drained • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Organic matter content: Moderate Productivity and Management Section Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow Residential and Commercial Uses in the fragipan Available water capacity: Moderate Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, limited by the fragipan Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Fulton County, Kentucky 81

Limitations: Typical Profile • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan Surface layer: Corrective measures: 0 to 4 inches—brown silt loam • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess water Subsoil: • Tile drains by footings 4 to 10 inches—yellowish brown silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, 10 to 16 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam Engineering, Building Site Development Section 16 to 20 inches—mottled light brownish gray silt loam and yellowish brown silty clay loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields 20 to 32 inches—a fragipan consisting of mottled Limitation rating: Very limited strong brown and light brownish gray silt loam Limitations: 32 to 80 inches—a fragipan consisting of brown, • Seasonal wetness mottled silt loam • Slow permeability due to the fragipan Soil Properties and Qualities Corrective measures: • Curtain drains to remove excess water Depth: Very deep • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in Drainage class: Moderately well drained some instances, special design or alternate system Organic matter content: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section in the fragipan Available water capacity: Moderate Local Roads and Streets Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, limited by the Limitation rating: Very limited fragipan Limitations: Surface runoff: Moderate • Low strength Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 2 feet Corrective measures: during wet periods in winter and early spring • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Frequency of flooding: None • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Building Site Development Section Major uses: Cropland

GrB3—Grenada silt loam, 4 to 6 percent Cropland slopes, severely eroded Land capability subclass: 3e Suitability: Suited Setting Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Major landform: Uplands sorghum Position on the landform: Gently sloping, convex Management concerns: shoulders and side slopes • Severe erosion hazard Size of areas: 5 to 75 acres • Seasonal high water table • Shallow depth to the fragipan Composition • Susceptibility to compaction • Grenada and similar soils: 85 percent • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Management measures: • Grassed waterways along drainageways Minor Components • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Contrasting: • Intensifying measures as slope increases • Small areas of Adler and Convent soils occupying • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and narrow drainageways Pasture Section • Small areas of Calloway soils in slightly concave Pasture and Forage positions • Areas that are not very limitedly eroded Suitability: Suited Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Management concerns: • Seasonal wetness 82 Soil Survey

• Maintaining tilth and fertility GrC2—Grenada silt loam, 6 to 12 percent • Alfalfa stands become sparse after 2 to 3 years due slopes, eroded to seasonal wetness and moderate rooting depth Management measures: Setting • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Major landform: Uplands Position on the landform: Sloping, convex shoulders Forestland and side slopes Suitability: Well suited Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, Composition and yellow-poplar Management concerns: • Grenada and similar soils: 85 percent • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Management measures: Minor Components • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil is dry Contrasting: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Small areas of Adler and Convent soils occupying Productivity and Management Section narrow drainageways • Small areas of Calloway soils in slightly concave Residential and Commercial Uses positions • Areas that are very limitedly eroded Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Typical Profile Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Limitations: Surface layer: • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan 0 to 5 inches—brown silt loam Corrective measures: Subsoil: • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess 5 to 13 inches—yellowish brown silt loam water 13 to 20 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam • Tile drains by footings 20 to 26 inches—mottled light brownish gray silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, and yellowish brown silty clay loam Engineering, Building Site Development Section 26 to 38 inches—a fragipan consisting of mottled Septic Tank Absorption Fields strong brown and light brownish gray silt loam 38 to 80 inches—a fragipan consisting of brown, Limitation rating: Very limited mottled silt loam Limitations: • Seasonal wetness Soil Properties and Qualities • Slow permeability due to the fragipan Depth: Very deep Corrective measures: Drainage class: Moderately well drained • Curtain drains to remove excess water Organic matter content: Moderate • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow many instances, special design or alternate system in the fragipan • See Use and Management of the Soils, Available water capacity: Moderate Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, limited by the Local Roads and Streets fragipan Surface runoff: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.8 to 2.5 feet Limitations: during wet periods in winter and early spring • Low strength Frequency of flooding: None • Depth to fragipan Corrective measures: Land Use • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Major uses: Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Cropland Land capability subclass: 3e Fulton County, Kentucky 83

Suitability: Well suited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Engineering, Building Site Development Section sorghum Septic Tank Absorption Fields Management concerns: • Severe erosion hazard Limitation rating: Very limited • Seasonal high water table Limitations: • Fragipan • Seasonal wetness • Susceptibility to compaction • Slow permeability due to the fragipan • Maintaining tilth and fertility Corrective measures: Management measures: • Curtain drains to remove excess water • Grassed waterways along drainageways • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in • Crop residue management and conservation tillage some instances, special design or alternate system • Intensifying measures as slope increases • See Use and Management of the Soils, • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Pasture Section Local Roads and Streets Pasture and Forage Limitation rating: Very limited Suitability: Well suited Limitations: Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Low strength Management concerns: Corrective measures: • Seasonal wetness • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material • Maintaining tilth and fertility • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Alfalfa stands become sparse after 2 to 3 years due Engineering, Building Site Development Section to seasonal wetness and moderate rooting depth Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and GrC3—Grenada silt loam, 6 to 12 percent Pasture Section slopes, severely eroded Forestland Setting Suitability: Well suited Major landform: Uplands Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, Position on the landform: Sloping, convex shoulders and yellow-poplar and side slopes Management concerns: Size of areas: 5 to 75 acres • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Management measures: Composition • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil • Grenada and similar soils: 85 percent is dry • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Minor Components Residential and Commercial Uses Contrasting: • Small areas of Adler and Convent soils occupying Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings narrow drainageways • Small areas of Calloway soils in slightly concave Limitation rating: Somewhat limited positions Limitations: • Areas that are not very limitedly eroded • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan • Slope Typical Profile Corrective measures: Surface layer: • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess 0 to 4 inches—brown silt loam water • Tile drains by footings Subsoil: • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and 4 to 10 inches—yellowish brown silt loam construction 10 to 16 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam 84 Soil Survey

16 to 20 inches—mottled light brownish gray silt loam Forestland and yellowish brown silty clay loam Suitability: Well suited 20 to 32 inches—a fragipan consisting of mottled Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, strong brown and light brownish gray silt loam and yellow-poplar 32 to 80 inches—a fragipan consisting of brown, Management concerns: mottled silt loam • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Soil Properties and Qualities Management measures: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Depth: Very deep is dry Drainage class: Moderately well drained • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Organic matter content: Moderate Productivity and Management Section Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow in the fragipan Residential and Commercial Uses Available water capacity: Moderate Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, limited by the Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings fragipan Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Surface runoff: Moderate Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 2 feet • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan during wet periods in winter and early spring • Slope Frequency of flooding: None Corrective measures: Land Use • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess water Major uses: Cropland • Tile drains by footings • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and Cropland construction Land capability subclass: 4e • See Use and Management of the Soils, Suitability: Moderately suited Engineering, Building Site Development Section Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Septic Tank Absorption Fields sorghum Management concerns: Limitation rating: Very limited • Severe erosion hazard Limitations: • Seasonal high water table • Seasonal wetness • Shallow depth to the fragipan • Slow permeability due to the fragipan • Susceptibility to compaction Corrective measures: • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Curtain drains to remove excess water Management measures: • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in • Grassed waterways along drainageways many instances, special design or alternate system • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Intensifying measures as slope increases Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Local Roads and Streets Pasture Section Limitation rating: Very limited Pasture and Forage Limitations: Suitability: Suited • Low strength Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Depth to fragipan Management concerns: Corrective measures: • Seasonal wetness • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material • Maintaining tilth and fertility • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Alfalfa stands become sparse after 2 to 3 years due Engineering, Building Site Development Section to seasonal wetness and moderate rooting depth Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Fulton County, Kentucky 85

GuF—Gullied land-Memphis complex, 30 Cropland to 50 percent slopes Land capability subclass: Gullied land—7e; Memphis—7e Setting Suitability: Not suited Management concerns: Major landform: Uplands • Slope Position on the landform: Very steep side slopes of • Severe erosion hazard the highly dissected Mississippi River bluff. Gullied land is a miscellaneous land type Pasture and Forage consisting of areas where erosion has cut a Suitability: Not suited network of V-shaped or U-shaped gullies that are Management concerns: as much as 200 feet wide and 75 feet deep; • Slope Memphis soils occur as narrow remnants • Severe erosion hazard scattered between the gullies. The two • Vegetative establishment and maintenance; most components occur as areas so intricately mixed areas are overgrown with kudzu or so small that mapping them separately is not practical at the scale used. Forestland Size of areas: 20 to 75 acres Suitability: Poorly suited Composition Management concerns: • Difficulty establishing, maintaining, and harvesting • Gullied land and similar soils: 60 percent timber due to slope and instability • Memphis and similar soils: 35 percent Management measures: • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent • Attempt to establish such species as loblolly pine to Minor Components foster soil stability • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Contrasting: Productivity and Management Section • Natchez soils • Areas that have geologic clay, mudstone, siltstone, Residential and Commercial Uses and/or sandstone below 3.5 feet depth with outcropping in places Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings • Areas with slopes ranging to 60 percent Limitation rating: Very limited Typical Profile Limitations: Memphis • Slope • Soil instability Surface layer: Corrective measures: 0 to 5 inches—brown silt loam • Impractical or none feasible Subsoil: Septic Tank Absorption Fields 5 to 17 inches—strong brown silt loam 17 to 80 inches—brown and strong brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • Slope Depth: Very deep Corrective measures: Drainage class: Well drained • Impractical or none feasible Organic matter content: Low Local Roads and Streets Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Limitation rating: Very limited Depth of root zone: Very deep Limitations: Surface runoff: Very rapid • Slope Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 • Low strength feet Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: None • Extensive onsite investigation before conducting any reshaping, grading, or smoothing operations Land Use • See Use and Management of the Soils, Major uses: Wasteland Engineering, Building Site Development Section 86 Soil Survey

Ke—Keyespoint silty clay loam, 0 to 2 Cropland percent slopes, protected Land capability subclass: 2w Suitability: Well suited Setting Adapted crops: Soybeans and corn Management concerns: Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Seasonal high water table depressional areas • Delayed plantings for corn Size of areas: 50 to 250 acres • Maintaining tilth Composition Management measures: • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • Keyespoint and similar soils: 85 percent • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent and not too wet or too dry Minor Components • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Contrasting: • Bondurant, Bowdre, Commerce, and Openlake soils Pasture and Forage • Small areas that have silty clay surface texture Suitability: Moderately suited Similar: Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white • Soils that are more acid in the subsoil clover, and tall fescue Management concerns: Typical Profile • Wetness Surface layer: • Controlling weeds 0 to 8 inches—very dark grayish brown and dark • Maintaining tilth grayish brown, mottled silty clay loam Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Subsoil: Pasture Section 8 to 24 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay 24 to 36 inches—dark gray, mottled silty clay loam Forestland 36 to 44 inches—brown and dark gray loam Suitability: Well suited Substratum: Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, 44 to 54 inches—brown, mottled fine sandy loam green ash, pecan, and sweetgum 54 to 80 inches—brown fine sandy loam Management concerns: • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Soil Properties and Qualities • Seedling mortality Depth: Very deep Management measures: Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Organic matter content: Moderate is dry Permeability: Very slow in the upper 2 feet; moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest below 2 feet Productivity and Management Section Available water capacity: Moderate Residential and Commercial Uses Depth of root zone: Deep Surface runoff: Slow Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of the surface during winter and spring Limitation rating: Very limited Shrink-swell potential: High in the upper 2 feet Limitations: Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee • High shrink-swell potential in the upper 2 feet unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic • Wetness event Corrective measures: • Adding extra reinforcement in foundations or Land Use building on concrete slab Major uses: Cropland • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess water Fulton County, Kentucky 87

• Tile drains by footings Substratum: • See Use and Management of the Soils, 44 to 54 inches—brown, mottled fine sandy loam Engineering, Building Site Development Section 54 to 80 inches—brown fine sandy loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields Soil Properties and Qualities Limitation rating: Very limited Depth: Very deep Limitations: Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Wetness Organic matter content: Moderate • Very slow permeability in the upper 2 feet Permeability: Very slow in the upper 2 feet; moderate Corrective measures: below 2 feet • Curtain drains to remove excess water Available water capacity: Moderate • Special design or alternate system Depth of root zone: Deep • See Use and Management of the Soils, Surface runoff: Slow Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of the surface during winter and spring Local Roads and Streets Shrink-swell potential: High in the upper 2 feet Limitation rating: Very limited Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to very long Limitations: duration • High shrink-swell potential Land Use • Low strength Corrective measures: Major uses: Cropland • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material • See Use and Management of the Soils, Cropland Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land capability subclass: 4w Suitability: Suited Kf—Keyespoint silty clay loam, 0 to 2 Adapted crops: Soybeans percent slopes, frequently flooded Management concerns: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long duration Setting • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain • Seasonal high water table Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Delayed plantings depressional slackwater areas • Maintaining tilth Size of areas: 50 to 500 acres Management measures: • Maintenance of existing open drainage system Composition • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, • Keyespoint and similar soils: 90 percent and not too wet or too dry • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent • Compliance with existing wetland laws and regulations Minor Components • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Contrasting: Pasture Section • Commerce and Openlake soils Pasture and Forage • Small areas that have silty clay surface texture Suitability: Not suited Typical Profile Management concerns: Surface layer: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long 0 to 8 inches—very dark grayish brown and dark duration grayish brown, mottled silty clay loam • Wetness Forestland Subsoil: 8 to 24 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay Suitability: Well suited 24 to 36 inches—dark gray, mottled silty clay loam Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, 36 to 44 inches—brown and dark gray loam green ash, pecan, and sweetgum 88 Soil Survey

Management concerns: Minor Components • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Contrasting: • Seedling mortality • Center and Routon soils in similar positions Management measures: • Convent and Dekoven soils along drainageways • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil • Soils similar to Kurk that are strongly alkaline or is dry very strongly alkaline throughout • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Surface layer: 0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Transitional layer: Limitation rating: Very limited 8 to 15 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam Limitations: Subsoil: • Flooding hazard 15 to 27 inches—mottled light brownish gray and • High shrink-swell potential in the upper 2 feet grayish brown silty clay loam • Wetness 27 to 42 inches—light brownish gray, mottled silty clay Corrective measures: loam • Impractical or none feasible 42 to 65 inches—grayish brown, mottled silt loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields 65 to 80 inches—mottled grayish brown and yellowish brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • Flooding hazard Depth: Very deep • Wetness Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Restricted permeability Organic matter content: Moderate Corrective measures: Permeability: Moderate in the upper part of the solum; • Impractical or none feasible slow in the lower part of the solum Local Roads and Streets Available water capacity: High Depth of root zone: Deep Limitation rating: Very limited Surface runoff: Slow Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.2 to 1.7 feet • Flooding hazard during winter and early spring • High shrink-swell potential Frequency of flooding: None (a few of the lowest lying • Low strength areas may experience rare flooding) Corrective measures: • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Land Use base material • See Use and Management of the Soils, Major uses: Cropland Engineering, Building Site Development Section Cropland KrA—Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Land capability subclass: 2w Suitability: Suited Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Setting sorghum in areas that have been adequately Major landform: Loess uplands drained Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Management concerns: concave areas of stream terraces • Seasonal high water table Size of areas: 10 to 75 acres • Delayed plantings • Susceptibility to compaction Composition • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Kurk and similar soils: 80 percent Management measures: • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Fulton County, Kentucky 89

• Surface drains to remove and/or divert excess Local Roads and Streets water Limitation rating: Very limited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Limitations: Pasture Section • Low strength Pasture and Forage Corrective measures: • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Suitability: Suited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Engineering, Building Site Development Section Management concerns: • Seasonal wetness • Maintaining tilth and fertility KsA—Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Management measures: slopes, occasionally flooded • Utilizing forage species tolerant of seasonal wetness Setting • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Major landform: Stream terraces along Bayou de Chien and near the mouth of Mud Creek Forestland Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Suitability: Well suited concave, depressional areas Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, red maple, green Size of areas: 10 to 75 acres ash, and sweetgum Composition Management concerns: • Moderate equipment limitations due to seasonal • Kurk and similar soils: 80 percent wetness • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent Management measures: Minor Components • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil is dry Contrasting: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Center and Routon soils in similar positions Productivity and Management Section • Convent and Dekoven soils along drainageways • Soils similar to Kurk that are strongly alkaline or Residential and Commercial Uses very strongly alkaline throughout Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Typical Profile Limitation rating: Very limited Surface layer: Limitations: 0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt loam • Wetness Transitional layer: Corrective measures: 8 to 15 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess water Subsoil: • See Use and Management of the Soils, 15 to 27 inches—mottled light brownish gray and Engineering, Building Site Development Section grayish brown silty clay loam 27 to 42 inches—light brownish gray, mottled silty clay Septic Tank Absorption Fields loam Limitation rating: Very limited 42 to 65 inches—grayish brown, mottled silt loam Limitations: 65 to 80 inches—mottled grayish brown and yellowish • Wetness brown silt loam • Slow permeability Soil Properties and Qualities Corrective measures: • Curtain drains to remove excess water Depth: Very deep • Increasing the size of the absorption area Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Special design or alternate system may be needed Organic matter content: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Permeability: Moderate in the upper part of the solum; Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section slow in the lower part of the solum Available water capacity: High 90 Soil Survey

Depth of root zone: Deep in summer, but restricted by Management measures: the water table in winter and spring • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Surface runoff: Slow is dry Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.2 to 1.7 feet • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest during winter and early spring Productivity and Management Section Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief to long Residential and Commercial Uses duration Land Use Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Major uses: Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Cropland • Flooding hazard • Wetness Land capability subclass: 2w Corrective measures: Suitability: Suited • Selecting a site at a higher elevation above flood- Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum prone areas in areas that have been adequately drained; small • See Use and Management of the Soils, grains are subject to occasional flooding Engineering, Building Site Development Section Management concerns: • Seasonal high water table Septic Tank Absorption Fields • Delayed plantings Limitation rating: Very limited • Occasional flooding sometimes lasting for long Limitations: duration • Flooding hazard • Susceptibility to compaction • Wetness • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Restricted permeability Management measures: Corrective measures: • Surface drains to remove and/or divert excess • Selecting a site at a higher elevation above flood- water prone areas • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • See Use and Management of the Soils, • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Pasture Section Local Roads and Streets Pasture and Forage Limitation rating: Very limited Suitability: Suited Limitations: Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Flooding hazard Management concerns: • Low strength • Seasonal wetness Corrective measures: • Occasional flooding sometimes lasting for long • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or duration base material • Maintaining tilth and fertility • See Use and Management of the Soils, Management measures: Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Utilizing forage species tolerant of seasonal wetness • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and KuA—Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Pasture Section slopes, frequently flooded Forestland Setting Suitability: Well suited Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, red maple, green Major landform: Stream terraces along Bayou de ash, and sweetgum Chien and near the mouth of Mud Creek Management concerns: Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Moderate equipment limitations due to seasonal concave areas wetness Size of areas: 10 to 40 acres Fulton County, Kentucky 91

Composition Management concerns: • Seasonal high water table • Kurk and similar soils: 75 to 80 percent • Delayed plantings • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 to 25 • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long percent duration Minor Components • Susceptibility to compaction • Maintaining tilth and fertility Contrasting: Management measures: • Convent and Dekoven soils along drainageways • Surface drains to remove and/or divert excess • Routon soils in similar positions water • Soils similar to Kurk that are strongly alkaline or • Crop residue management and conservation tillage very strongly alkaline throughout • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Typical Profile Pasture Section Surface layer: Pasture and Forage 0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt loam Suitability: Suited Transitional layer: Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue 8 to 15 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam Management concerns: • Seasonal wetness Subsoil: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long 15 to 27 inches—mottled light brownish gray and duration grayish brown silty clay loam • Maintaining tilth and fertility 27 to 42 inches—light brownish gray, mottled silty clay Management measures: loam • Utilizing forage species tolerant of seasonal 42 to 65 inches—grayish brown, mottled silt loam wetness 65 to 80 inches—mottled grayish brown and yellowish • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and brown silt loam Pasture Section Soil Properties and Qualities Forestland Depth: Very deep Suitability: Well suited Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Adapted species: Bottomland oaks, red maple, green Organic matter content: Moderate ash, and sweetgum Permeability: Moderate in the upper part of the solum; Management concerns: slow in the lower part of the solum • Moderate equipment limitations due to seasonal Available water capacity: High wetness Depth of root zone: Deep in summer, but restricted by Management measures: the water table in winter and spring • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Surface runoff: Slow is dry Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.2 to 1.7 feet • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest during winter and early spring Productivity and Management Section Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long duration Residential and Commercial Uses Land Use Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Major uses: Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Cropland • Flooding hazard Land capability subclass: 3w • Wetness Suitability: Suited Corrective measures: Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum • Impractical or none feasible in areas that have been adequately drained; small Septic Tank Absorption Fields grains are generally not suited due to the flooding hazard Limitation rating: Very limited 92 Soil Survey

Limitations: LoA—Loring silt loam, 0 to 2 percent • Flooding hazard slopes • Wetness • Restricted permeability Setting Corrective measures: • Impractical or none feasible Major landform: Uplands Position on the landform: Summits of ridges Local Roads and Streets Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres Limitation rating: Very limited Composition Limitations: • Flooding hazard • Loring and similar soils: 90 percent • Low strength • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Corrective measures: Minor Components • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or base material Contrasting: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Feliciana and Memphis soils in similar positions Engineering, Building Site Development Section Typical Profile Surface layer: LEVEE—Levee 0 to 9 inches—brown silt loam This map unit consists of a continuous, compacted, Subsoil: earthen embankment designed and constructed by 9 to 21 inches—strong brown silt loam the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide 21 to 25 inches—mixed yellowish brown and brown, protection against floodwaters from the Mississippi mottled silt loam River. The levee is generally about 300 feet wide at 25 to 31 inches—mottled brown and light brownish the bottom and between 15 and 20 feet wide at the gray silty clay loam top. The levee runs continuously along the south and 31 to 80 inches—a weak fragipan of brown, mottled eastern side of the Mississippi River in the Lower silt loam Bottom south of Hickman, and extends northward Soil Properties and Qualities nearly halfway around the eastern edge of Madrid Bend. A gravel road runs along the top of the levee. A Depth: Very deep mixture of grasses, legumes, and weeds occurs on Drainage class: Moderately well drained both sides of the levee and is usually cut and rolled Organic matter content: Low into large round bales during summer. Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and Though the levee protects land and property from moderately slow in the fragipan floodwaters in the Lower Bottom below Hickman, Available water capacity: Moderate ground water in the form of “seepwater” does Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, slightly inundate depressional areas on the flood plain and restricted by the fragipan soils immediately adjacent to the inside of the levee Surface runoff: Moderate when the river remains above flood stage for an Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.7 to 2.8 feet extended period. during wet periods in winter and early spring In Madrid Bend the levee is designed to prevent Frequency of flooding: None high velocity floodwaters from sweeping across this Land Use area. However, areas below about 300 feet elevation are not protected against floods because there is no Major uses: Cropland levee on the west side of the Bend. Much of the Cropland flooding results from inundation due to backwater from the south near the Tennessee state line Land capability subclass: 2w stretching northward into the Bend when the river Suitability: Well suited exceeds flood stage. Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain sorghum Management concerns: • A weak fragipan • Maintaining tilth and fertility Fulton County, Kentucky 93

Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Engineering, Building Site Development Section • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section LoB—Loring silt loam, 2 to 6 percent Pasture and Forage slopes Suitability: Well suited Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Setting Management concerns: Major landform: Uplands • No significant limitations Position on the landform: Ridgetops Forestland Size of areas: 10 to 500 acres Suitability: Well suited Composition Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, • Loring and similar soils: 90 percent and yellow-poplar • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Management concerns: • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Minor Components Management measures: Contrasting: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil • Feliciana and Memphis soils in similar positions is dry • Small areas of Calloway soils near the head of • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest drainageways Productivity and Management Section Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Surface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 0 to 9 inches—brown silt loam Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Subsoil: Limitations: 9 to 21 inches—strong brown silt loam • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan 21 to 25 inches—mixed yellowish brown and brown, Corrective measures: mottled silt loam • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess 25 to 31 inches—mottled brown and light brownish water gray silty clay loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, 31 to 46 inches—a weak fragipan of brown, mottled Engineering, Building Site Development Section silt loam 46 to 80 inches—a weak fragipan of brown, mottled Septic Tank Absorption Fields silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Soil Properties and Qualities Limitations: • Seasonal wetness Depth: Very deep • Restricted permeability due to the fragipan Drainage class: Moderately well drained Corrective measures: Organic matter content: Low • Curtain drains to remove excess water Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in moderately slow in the fragipan some instances, special design or alternate system Available water capacity: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, slightly Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section restricted by the fragipan Surface runoff: Moderate Local Roads and Streets Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.7 to 2.8 feet Limitation rating: Very limited during wet periods in winter and early spring Limitations: Frequency of flooding: None • Low strength Land Use Corrective measures: • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Major uses: Cropland 94 Soil Survey

Cropland • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in some instances, special design or alternate system Land capability subclass: 2e • See Use and Management of the Soils, Suitability: Well suited Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain sorghum Local Roads and Streets Management concerns: Limitation rating: Very limited • Moderate erosion hazard Limitations: • Seasonal high water table • Low strength • Fragipan Corrective measures: • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Grassed waterways along drainageways Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • Intensifying measures as slope increases • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and LoB2—Loring silt loam, 2 to 6 percent Pasture Section slopes, eroded Pasture and Forage Setting Suitability: Well suited Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Major landform: Uplands Management concerns: Position on the landform: Ridgetops and upper side • No significant limitations slopes Size of areas: 10 to 500 acres Forestland Composition Suitability: Well suited Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, • Loring and similar soils: 90 percent and yellow-poplar • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Management concerns: Minor Components • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Management measures: Contrasting: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil • Feliciana and Memphis soils in similar positions is dry • Small areas of Calloway soils near the head of • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest drainageways Productivity and Management Section Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Surface layer: 0 to 5 inches—brown silt loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Transitional layer: Limitation rating: Somewhat limited 5 to 11 inches—dark yellowish brown silt loam Limitations: • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan Subsoil: Corrective measures: 11 to 21 inches—strong brown silt loam • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess 21 to 25 inches—mixed yellowish brown and brown, water mottled silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, 25 to 80 inches—a weak fragipan of brown, mottled Engineering, Building Site Development Section silt loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields Soil Properties and Qualities Limitation rating: Very limited Depth: Very deep Limitations: Drainage class: Moderately well drained • Seasonal wetness Organic matter content: Low • Restricted permeability due to the fragipan Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and Corrective measures: moderately slow in the fragipan • Curtain drains to remove excess water Available water capacity: Moderate Fulton County, Kentucky 95

Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, slightly • See Use and Management of the Soils, restricted by the fragipan Engineering, Building Site Development Section Surface runoff: Moderate Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.7 to 2.8 feet during wet periods in winter and early spring Limitation rating: Very limited Frequency of flooding: None Limitations: • Seasonal wetness Land Use • Restricted permeability due to the fragipan Major uses: Cropland Corrective measures: • Curtain drains to remove excess water Cropland • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in some instances, special design or alternate system Land capability subclass: 2e • See Use and Management of the Soils, Suitability: Well suited Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain sorghum Local Roads and Streets Management concerns: Limitation rating: Very limited • Moderate erosion hazard Limitations: • Seasonal high water table • Low strength • Fragipan Corrective measures: • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Grassed waterways along drainageways Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • Intensifying measures as slope increases • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and LoB3—Loring silt loam, 4 to 6 percent Pasture Section slopes, severely eroded Pasture and Forage Setting Suitability: Well suited Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Major landform: Uplands Management concerns: Position on the landform: Gently sloping, convex • No significant limitations shoulders and side slopes Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres Forestland Composition Suitability: Well suited Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, • Loring and similar soils: 85 percent and yellow-poplar • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Management concerns: Minor Components • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Management measures: Contrasting: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil • Convent soils occupying narrow drainageways is dry • Small areas of Calloway soils in slightly concave • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest positions Productivity and Management Section • Areas that are not very limitedly eroded Residential and Commercial Uses Similar: • Grenada soils in similar positions Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Typical Profile Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Surface layer: Limitations: 0 to 4 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan Corrective measures: Subsoil: • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess 4 to 21 inches—strong brown, mottled silt loam water 96 Soil Survey

21 to 65 inches—a weak fragipan of brown and Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, strong brown, mottled silt loam and yellow-poplar 65 to 80 inches—strong brown, mottled silt loam Management concerns: • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Soil Properties and Qualities Management measures: Depth: Very deep • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Drainage class: Moderately well drained is dry Organic matter content: Low • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and Productivity and Management Section moderately slow in the fragipan Residential and Commercial Uses Available water capacity: Moderate Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, slightly Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings restricted by the fragipan Surface runoff: Moderate Limitation rating: Moderate Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 1.8 feet Limitations: during wet periods in winter and early spring • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan Frequency of flooding: None Corrective measures: • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess Land Use water Major uses: Cropland • Tile drains by footings • See Use and Management of the Soils, Cropland Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land capability subclass: 3e Septic Tank Absorption Fields Suitability: Suited Limitation rating: Very limited Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Limitations: sorghum • Seasonal wetness Management concerns: • Restricted permeability due to the fragipan • Severe erosion hazard Corrective measures: • Depth to weak fragipan • Curtain drains to remove excess water • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in Management measures: some instances, special design or alternate system • Grassed waterways along drainageways • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section • Intensifying measures as slope length or gradient increases Local Roads and Streets • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Limitation rating: Very limited Pasture Section Limitations: Pasture and Forage • Low strength • Depth to fragipan Suitability: Suited Corrective measures: Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management concerns: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Shallow depth to weak fragipan Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Maintaining fertility Management measures: • Selecting grasses and legumes that are best LoC2—Loring silt loam, 6 to 12 percent adapted to moderately deep rooting depths slopes, eroded • Maximizing the forage efficiency with proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and deferred grazing Setting • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Major landform: Uplands Position on the landform: Sloping, convex shoulders Forestland and side slopes Suitability: Well suited Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres Fulton County, Kentucky 97

Composition • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • Intensifying measures as slope increases • Loring and similar soils: 85 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Pasture Section Minor Components Pasture and Forage Contrasting: Suitability: Well suited • Feliciana and Memphis soils in similar positions Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Small areas of Calloway soils in slightly concave Management concerns: positions near the head of drainageways • No significant limitations • Areas that are very limitedly eroded Forestland Typical Profile Suitability: Well suited Surface layer: Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, 0 to 5 inches—brown silt loam and yellow-poplar Transitional layer: Management concerns: 5 to 11 inches—dark yellowish brown silt loam • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Management measures: Subsoil: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil 11 to 21 inches—strong brown silt loam is dry 21 to 25 inches—mixed yellowish brown and brown, • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest mottled silt loam Productivity and Management Section 25 to 80 inches—a weak fragipan of brown, mottled silt loam Residential and Commercial Uses Soil Properties and Qualities Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Depth: Very deep Limitation rating: Very limited Drainage class: Moderately well drained Limitations: Organic matter content: Low • Slope Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan moderately slow in the fragipan Corrective measures: Available water capacity: Moderate • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, limited by the water fragipan • Tile drains by footings Surface runoff: Moderate to moderately rapid • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.7 to 2.8 feet construction during wet periods in winter and early spring • See Use and Management of the Soils, Frequency of flooding: None Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land Use Septic Tank Absorption Fields Major uses: Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Cropland • Seasonal wetness Land capability subclass: 3e • Slow permeability due to the fragipan Suitability: Well suited Corrective measures: Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain • Curtain drains to remove excess water sorghum • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in Management concerns: some instances, special design or alternate system • Severe erosion hazard • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Seasonal high water table Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section • Fragipan Local Roads and Streets • Susceptibility to compaction • Maintaining tilth and fertility Limitation rating: Very limited Management measures: Limitations: • Grassed waterways along drainageways • Low strength 98 Soil Survey

Corrective measures: Cropland • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Land capability subclass: 4e • See Use and Management of the Soils, Suitability: Suited Engineering, Building Site Development Section Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain sorghum LoC3—Loring silt loam, 6 to 12 percent Management concerns: slopes, severely eroded • Severe erosion hazard • Depth to the fragipan • Maintaining tilth and fertility Setting Management measures: Major landform: Uplands • Grassed waterways along drainageways Position on the landform: Shoulders and side slopes • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Size of areas: 5 to 500 acres • Intensifying measures as slope length or gradient increases Composition • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Loring and similar soils: 90 percent Pasture Section • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Pasture and Forage Minor Components Suitability: Suited Contrasting: Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Adler and Convent soils occupying narrow Management concerns: drainageways • Depth to the fragipan • Calloway soils in slightly concave positions at the • Maintaining fertility head of small drainages Management measures: • Areas that are not very limitedly eroded • Selecting grasses and legumes that are best adapted to shallow to moderately deep rooting depths Typical Profile • Maximizing the forage efficiency with proper Surface layer: stocking rates, pasture rotation, and deferred grazing 0 to 4 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Subsoil: 4 to 21 inches—yellowish brown and strong brown, Forestland mottled silt loam Suitability: Well suited 21 to 48 inches—a weak fragipan of yellowish brown Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, and brown, mottled silt loam and yellow-poplar 48 to 80 inches—strong brown, mottled silt loam Management concerns: Soil Properties and Qualities • Severe equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Depth: Very deep • Moderate plant competition Drainage class: Moderately well drained Management measures: Organic matter content: Low • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and is dry moderately slow in the fragipan • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Available water capacity: Low Productivity and Management Section Depth of root zone: Moderately deep, slightly restricted by the weak fragipan Residential and Commercial Uses Surface runoff: Moderate Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 1.8 feet Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings during wet periods in winter and early spring Frequency of flooding: None Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Land Use • Slope Major uses: Cropland • Seasonal wetness due to the fragipan Fulton County, Kentucky 99

Corrective measures: Subsoil: • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess 4 to 20 inches—strong brown, mottled silt loam water 20 to 38 inches—a weak fragipan consisting of strong • Tile drains by footings brown, mottled silt loam • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and 38 to 80 inches—dark brown silt loam construction Soil Properties and Qualities • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Septic Tank Absorption Fields Organic matter content: Low Limitation rating: Very limited Permeability: Moderately slow Limitations: Available water capacity: Low • Seasonal wetness Depth of root zone: Shallow, limited by the weak • Restricted permeability due to the fragipan fragipan Corrective measures: Surface runoff: Moderate to moderately rapid • Curtain drains to remove excess water Depth to seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 1.8 feet • Increasing the size of the absorption area, and in during wet periods in winter and early spring some instances, special design or alternate system Frequency of flooding: None • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Major uses: Cropland Local Roads and Streets Limitation rating: Very limited Cropland Limitations: Land capability subclass: 6e • Low strength Suitability: Poorly suited • Depth to fragipan Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Corrective measures: sorghum • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management concerns: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Severe erosion hazard Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Limited available water holding capacity • Shallow depth to the fragipan LoD3—Loring silt loam, 12 to 20 percent • Maintaining tilth and fertility slopes, severely eroded Management measures: • Grassed waterways along drainageways • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Setting • Intensifying measures as slope length or gradient Major landform: Uplands increases Position on the landform: Moderately steep side • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and slopes Pasture Section Size of areas: 10 to more than 100 acres Pasture and Forage Composition Suitability: Suited • Loring and similar soils: 80 to 85 percent Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 to 20 Management concerns: percent • Shallow depth to the fragipan • Maintaining fertility. Minor Components Management measures: Contrasting: • Selecting grasses and legumes that are best • Feliciana and Memphis soils in similar positions adapted to shallow to moderately deep rooting depths • Small areas that are not very limitedly eroded • Maximizing the forage efficiency with proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and deferred grazing Typical Profile • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Surface layer: Pasture Section 0 to 4 inches—yellowish brown silt loam 100 Soil Survey

Forestland M-W—Miscellaneous water Suitability: Well suited This map unit consists of miscellaneous areas of Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, water occupying municipal sewage treatment lagoons and yellow-poplar and industrial waste ponds. The lagoons and waste Management concerns: ponds are manmade structures, either square or • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness rectangular in shape, and contain an earthen berm • Moderate plant competition around the periphery of the structure. These Management measures: miscellaneous areas of water remain inundated • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil throughout the year. is dry • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section MeA—Memphis silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Residential and Commercial Uses slopes

Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Setting Limitation rating: Very limited Major landform: Uplands Limitations: Position on the landform: Nearly level ridgetops • Slope Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres Corrective measures: Composition • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and construction • Memphis and similar soils: 95 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent Engineering, Building Site Development Section Minor Components Septic Tank Absorption Fields Contrasting: Limitation rating: Very limited • Loring soils in similar positions Limitations: Typical Profile • Slope • Restricted permeability due to the fragipan Surface layer: • Seasonal wetness 0 to 7 inches—brown silt loam Corrective measures: Subsoil: • Installing the absorption field on adjacent, less 7 to 31 inches—strong brown silt loam sloping areas 31 to 80 inches—brown silt loam • Curtain drains to remove excess water • Special design or alternate system in some Soil Properties and Qualities instances Depth: Very deep • See Use and Management of the Soils, Drainage class: Well drained Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Organic matter content: Moderate Permeability: Moderate Local Roads and Streets Available water capacity: High Limitation rating: Very limited Depth of root zone: Very deep Limitations: Surface runoff: Moderate • Slope Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 • Low strength feet Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: None • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and Land Use construction • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Major uses: Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Cropland Land capability class: 1 Fulton County, Kentucky 101

Suitability: Well suited MeB—Memphis silt loam, 2 to 6 percent Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain slopes sorghum Management concerns: Setting • Maintaining tilth and fertility Management measures: Major landform: Uplands • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Position on the landform: Gently sloping narrow • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and ridgetops Pasture Section Size of areas: 5 to 250 acres Pasture and Forage Composition Suitability: Well suited • Memphis and similar soils: 95 percent Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent Management concerns: Minor Components • No significant limitations Contrasting: Forestland • Loring soils in similar positions Suitability: Well suited • Small eroded areas Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, Typical Profile and yellow-poplar Management concerns: Surface layer: • Plant competition 0 to 7 inches—brown silt loam Management measures: Subsoil: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest 7 to 31 inches—strong brown silt loam Productivity and Management Section 31 to 80 inches—brown silt loam Residential and Commercial Uses Soil Properties and Qualities Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Limitation rating: Not limited Organic matter content: Moderate Septic Tank Absorption Fields Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Depth of root zone: Very deep Limitations: Surface runoff: Moderate • Restricted permeability Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 Corrective measures: feet • Increasing the size of the absorption area Frequency of flooding: None • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to remove excess water Land Use • See Use and Management of the Soils, Major uses: Cropland Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Local Roads and Streets Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Land capability subclass: 2e Limitations: Suitability: Well suited • Low strength Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Corrective measures: sorghum • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management concerns: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Moderate erosion hazard Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Maintaining tilth and fertility Management measures: • Grassed waterways along drainageways • Crop residue management and conservation tillage 102 Soil Survey

• Intensifying measures as slope increases Composition • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Memphis and similar soils: 95 percent Pasture Section • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent Pasture and Forage Minor Components Suitability: Well suited Contrasting: Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Loring soils in similar positions Management concerns: • Uneroded areas • No significant limitations Typical Profile Forestland Surface layer: Suitability: Well suited 0 to 5 inches—brown silt loam Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, and yellow-poplar Subsoil: Management concerns: 5 to 31 inches—strong brown silt loam • Plant competition 31 to 80 inches—brown silt loam Management measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Residential and Commercial Uses Organic matter content: Moderate Permeability: Moderate Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Available water capacity: High Limitation rating: Not limited Depth of root zone: Very deep Surface runoff: Moderate Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 Limitation rating: Somewhat limited feet Limitations: Frequency of flooding: None • Restricted permeability Land Use Corrective measures: • Increasing the size of the absorption area Major uses: Cropland • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to remove excess water Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land capability subclass: 2e Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Suitability: Well suited Local Roads and Streets Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain sorghum Limitation rating: Very limited Management concerns: Limitations: • Moderate erosion hazard • Low strength • Maintaining tilth and fertility Corrective measures: Management measures: • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material • Grassed waterways along drainageways • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Crop residue management and conservation tillage Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Intensifying measures as slope increases • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and MeB2—Memphis silt loam, 2 to 6 percent Pasture Section slopes, eroded Pasture and Forage Suitability: Well suited Setting Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Major landform: Uplands Management concerns: Position on the landform: Gently sloping narrow • No significant limitations ridgetops Size of areas: 5 to 250 acres Fulton County, Kentucky 103

Forestland Typical Profile Suitability: Well suited Surface layer: Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, 0 to 5 inches—brown silt loam and yellow-poplar Subsoil: Management concerns: 5 to 31 inches—strong brown silt loam • Plant competition 31 to 80 inches—brown silt loam Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Soil Properties and Qualities Productivity and Management Section Depth: Very deep Residential and Commercial Uses Drainage class: Well drained Organic matter content: Moderate Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Limitation rating: Not limited Depth of root zone: Very deep Septic Tank Absorption Fields Surface runoff: Moderate Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 Limitation rating: Somewhat limited feet Limitations: Frequency of flooding: None • Restricted permeability Corrective measures: Land Use • Increasing the size of the absorption area Major uses: Cropland • Surface drains or curtain drains, where practical, to remove excess water Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Land capability subclass: 3e Suitability: Well suited Local Roads and Streets Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Limitation rating: Very limited sorghum Limitations: Management concerns: • Low strength • Severe erosion hazard Corrective measures: • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Grassed waterways along drainageways Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • Intensifying measures as slope increases • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and MeC2—Memphis silt loam, 6 to 12 percent Pasture Section slopes, eroded Pasture and Forage Suitability: Well suited Setting Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Major landform: Uplands Management concerns: Position on the landform: Sloping, narrow ridgetops • No significant limitations and upper shoulders of side slopes Forestland Size of areas: 5 to 75 acres Suitability: Well suited Composition Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, • Memphis and similar soils: 95 percent and yellow-poplar • Contrasting components of minor extent: 5 percent Management concerns: • Plant competition Minor Components Management measures: Contrasting: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Loring soils on the lower one-third of the unit Productivity and Management Section • Small, very limitedly eroded areas 104 Soil Survey

Residential and Commercial Uses Typical Profile Surface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 0 to 3 inches—brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Transitional layer: Limitations: 3 to 6 inches—dark yellowish brown silt loam • Slope Corrective measures: Subsoil: • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and 6 to 16 inches—brown silt loam construction 16 to 80 inches—brown and strong brown silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Soil Properties and Qualities Engineering, Building Site Development Section Depth: Very deep Septic Tank Absorption Fields Drainage class: Well drained Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Organic matter content: Low Limitations: Permeability: Moderate • Restricted permeability Available water capacity: High • Slope Depth of root zone: Very deep Corrective measures: Surface runoff: Moderate • Curtain drains to remove excess water Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 • Increasing the size of the absorption area feet • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Frequency of flooding: None • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Major uses: Cropland Local Roads and Streets Limitation rating: Very limited Cropland Limitations: Land capability subclass: 4e • Low strength Suitability: Suited Corrective measures: Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material sorghum • See Use and Management of the Soils, Management concerns: Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Severe erosion hazard • Maintaining tilth and fertility MeC3—Memphis silt loam, 6 to 12 percent Management measures: slopes, severely eroded • Grassed waterways along drainageways • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • Intensifying measures as slope increases Setting • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Major landform: Uplands Pasture Section Position on the landform: Side slopes Pasture and Forage Size of areas: 5 to 75 acres Suitability: Well suited Composition Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Memphis and similar soils: 90 percent Management concerns: • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent • No significant limitations Minor Components Forestland Contrasting: Suitability: Well suited • Loring soils on the lower one-third of the unit Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, • Small areas with only moderate erosion or not and yellow-poplar limited for use because of erosion Management concerns: • Plant competition Fulton County, Kentucky 105

Management measures: • Small areas with only moderate erosion or not • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest limited for use because of erosion Productivity and Management Section Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Surface layer: 0 to 3 inches—brown silt loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Transitional layer: Limitation rating: Very limited 3 to 6 inches—dark yellowish brown silt loam Limitations: • Slope Subsoil: Corrective measures: 6 to 16 inches—brown silt loam • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and 16 to 80 inches—brown and strong brown silt loam construction Soil Properties and Qualities • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Septic Tank Absorption Fields Organic matter content: Low Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Permeability: Moderate Limitations: Available water capacity: High • Restricted permeability Depth of root zone: Very deep • Slope Surface runoff: Moderate Corrective measures: Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 • Curtain drains to remove excess water feet • Increasing the size of the absorption area Frequency of flooding: None • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Land Use • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Major uses: Pasture (fig. 9) Local Roads and Streets Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Land capability subclass: 6e Limitations: Suitability: Poorly suited • Low strength Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and grain Corrective measures: sorghum • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management concerns: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Slope Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Severe erosion hazard • Maintaining tilth and fertility MeD3—Memphis silt loam, 12 to 20 Management measures: percent slopes, severely eroded • Grassed waterways along drainageways • Crop residue management and conservation tillage • Intensifying measures as slope increases Setting • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Major landform: Uplands Pasture Section Position on the landform: Side slopes Pasture and Forage Size of areas: 20 to 175 acres Suitability: Suited Composition Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue • Memphis and similar soils: 90 percent Management concerns: • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent • Severe erosion hazard • Maintaining desired species composition Minor Components Management measures: Contrasting: • Frequent pasture renovation • Loring soils on the lower one-third of the unit • Maximizing the forage efficiency with proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and deferred grazing 106 Soil Survey

Figure 9.—Pastureland consisting of a mixture of fescue and white clover on Loring silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded, in the foreground and Memphis silt loam 12 to 20 percent slopes, severely eroded, in the background.

• See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Limitations: Pasture Section • Slope Corrective measures: Forestland • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Suitability: Well suited • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, construction and yellow-poplar • See Use and Management of the Soils, Management concerns: Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Plant competition Management measures: Septic Tank Absorption Fields • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Limitation rating: Very limited Productivity and Management Section Limitations: Residential and Commercial Uses • Slope Corrective measures: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Limitation rating: Very limited • Increasing the size of the absorption area Fulton County, Kentucky 107

• See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Major uses: Pasture Local Roads and Streets Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Land capability subclass: 7e • Slope Suitability: Not suited • Low strength Management concerns: Corrective measures: • Slope • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and • Severe erosion hazard construction Pasture and Forage • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Suitability: Pasture—suited; forage—poorly suited Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Management concerns: MeE3—Memphis silt loam, 20 to 30 • Severe erosion hazard percent slopes, severely eroded • Maintaining desired species composition Management measures: Setting • Frequent pasture renovation • Maximizing the forage efficiency with proper Major landform: Uplands stocking rates, pasture rotation, and deferred grazing Position on the landform: Side slopes • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Size of areas: 20 to 175 acres Pasture Section Composition Forestland • Memphis and similar soils: 90 percent Suitability: Well suited • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, hickory, Minor Components and yellow-poplar Management concerns: Contrasting: • Equipment limitations due to slope • Loring and Natchez soils in similar positions Management measures: • Small areas with only moderate erosion • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Typical Profile Productivity and Management Section Surface layer: Residential and Commercial Uses 0 to 3 inches—brown silt loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Transitional layer: 3 to 6 inches—dark yellowish brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Subsoil: • Slope 6 to 16 inches—brown silt loam Corrective measures: 16 to 80 inches—brown and strong brown silt loam • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Soil Properties and Qualities • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Septic Tank Absorption Fields Organic matter content: Low Permeability: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Available water capacity: High Limitations: Depth of root zone: Very deep • Slope Surface runoff: Moderate Corrective measures: Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope feet • See Use and Management of the Soils, Frequency of flooding: None Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section 108 Soil Survey

Local Roads and Streets Transitional layer: 3 to 8 inches—yellowish brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Subsoil: • Slope 8 to 48 inches—yellowish brown silt loam • Low strength Substratum: Corrective measures: 48 to 80 inches—yellowish brown silt • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and construction Soil Properties and Qualities • See Use and Management of the Soils, Depth: Very deep Engineering, Building Site Development Section Drainage class: Well drained Organic matter content: Moderate MmF—Memphis-Natchez complex, 30 to Permeability: Moderate 50 percent slopes, gullied Available water capacity: High Depth of root zone: Very deep Surface runoff: Rapid Setting Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 6 Major landform: Uplands feet Position on the landform: Very steep side slopes of Frequency of flooding: None the highly dissected Mississippi River bluff. Land Use Memphis soils occur primarily on mid to lower side slopes and on ridgetops and nose slopes; Major uses: Forestland Natchez soils occur primarily on the mid to upper one-third of side slopes. The two soils occur as Cropland areas so intricately mixed or so small that Land capability subclass: Memphis—7e; Natchez—7e mapping them separately is not practical at the Suitability: Not suited scale used. Management concerns: Size of areas: 50 to 2,500 acres • Slope Composition • Severe erosion hazard • Memphis and similar soils: 55 percent Pasture and Forage • Natchez and similar soils: 35 percent Suitability: Poorly suited • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Minor Components Management concerns: • Severe erosion hazard Contrasting: • Very steep slopes prevent effective species • Soils similar to Memphis and Natchez soils with establishment and renovation redoximorphic features below 3 feet Management measures: • The steepest areas that have geologic clay, • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and mudstone, siltstone, and/or sandstone below 3.5 feet Pasture Section depth with outcropping in places • Areas with slopes ranging to 60 percent Forestland Typical Profile Suitability: Well suited Memphis Adapted species: Upland oaks, sweetgum, sugar maple, hickory, and yellow-poplar Surface layer: Management concerns: 0 to 6 inches—brown silt loam • Equipment limitations and erosion hazard due to Subsoil: slope 6 to 31 inches—strong brown silt loam Management measures: 31 to 80 inches—brown silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Natchez Surface layer: 0 to 3 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam Fulton County, Kentucky 109

Residential and Commercial Uses Typical Profile Surface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited 5 to 9 inches—mottled grayish brown and dark Limitations: grayish brown silt loam • Slope Subsoil: Corrective measures: 9 to 22 inches—dark gray, mottled silt loam • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope 22 to 33 inches—dark gray, mottled silty clay loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Substratum: 33 to 80 inches—gray, mottled silty clay loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields Soil Properties and Qualities Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Depth: Very deep • Slope Drainage class: Poorly drained Corrective measures: Organic matter content: Moderate • Utilizing adjacent areas with less slope Permeability: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Available water capacity: High Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Depth of root zone: Deep Surface runoff: Slow Local Roads and Streets Depth to seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot to 4 feet Limitation rating: Very limited above the surface throughout most of the year Limitations: Frequency of flooding: Inundated throughout most of • Slope the year • Memphis—low strength Use and Management Corrective measures: • Proper engineering design, site preparation, and Major uses: Forestland and wildlife habitat construction Cropland • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land capability subclass: 5w Suitability: Not suited Management concerns: Mo—Mhoon silt loam, ponded • Excessive wetness via ponding throughout most of the year Setting • Compliance with existing wetland laws and regulations Major landform: Flood plains Position on the landform: Depressional areas along Pasture and Forage major tributaries to the Mississippi River Suitability: Not suited Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres Management concerns: Composition • Excessive wetness via ponding throughout most of the year • Mhoon and similar soils: 90 percent • Compliance with existing wetland laws and • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent regulations Minor Components Forestland Contrasting: Suitability: Moderately suited • Small areas of Convent and Dekoven soils Adapted species: Water-tolerant trees, such as scattered throughout the unit baldcypress, pin oak, silver maple, water tupelo, Similar: and black willow • Soils similar to Mhoon on a slightly higher elevation Management concerns: that are ponded for only short periods throughout the • Excessive wetness via ponding throughout most of year the year 110 Soil Survey

Management measures: Minor Components • Timber management is limited by the ponding Contrasting: • Managing for wetland wildlife habitat • Bondurant, Commerce, and Keyespoint soils • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Small areas that have silty clay surface texture Productivity and Management Section Typical Profile Residential and Commercial Uses Surface layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 0 to 6 inches—very dark grayish brown and dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay loam Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Subsoil: • Ponding 6 to 36 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay • Wetness 36 to 51 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty Corrective measures: clay loam • Impractical or none feasible 51 to 65 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields Substratum: Limitation rating: Very limited 65 to 80 inches—gray and grayish brown, mottled silt Limitations: loam • Ponding • Wetness Soil Properties and Qualities • Restricted permeability Depth: Very deep Corrective measures: Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Impractical or none feasible Organic matter content: Moderate Local Roads and Streets Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Depth of root zone: Deep Limitations: Surface runoff: Slow • Ponding Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of • Wetness the surface during winter and spring • Low strength Shrink-swell potential: High Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic base material event • Compliance with existing wetland laws and regulations Land Use • See Use and Management of the Soils, Major uses: Cropland Engineering, Building Site Development Section Cropland Op—Openlake silty clay loam, 0 to 2 Land capability subclass: 2w percent slopes, protected Suitability: Well suited Adapted crops: Soybeans and corn Management concerns: Setting • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain • Seasonal high water table Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Delayed plantings for corn depressional areas • Maintaining tilth Size of areas: 50 to 500 acres Management measures: • Maintenance of existing open drainage system Composition • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, • Openlake and similar soils: 90 percent and not too wet or too dry • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Fulton County, Kentucky 111

Pasture and Forage Limitations: • High shrink-swell potential Suitability: Moderately suited • Low strength Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white Corrective measures: clover, and tall fescue • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management concerns: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Wetness Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Controlling weeds • Maintaining tilth Management measures: Os—Openlake silty clay loam, 0 to 2 • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and percent slopes, frequently flooded Pasture Section Forestland Setting Suitability: Well suited Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly green ash, pecan, and sweetgum depressional slackwater areas Management concerns: Size of areas: 50 to 500 acres • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Composition • Seedling mortality Management measures: • Openlake and similar soils: 90 percent • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent is dry Minor Components • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Contrasting: • Commerce and Keyespoint soils Residential and Commercial Uses • Small areas that have silty clay surface texture Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Typical Profile Limitation rating: Very limited Surface layer: Limitations: 0 to 6 inches—very dark grayish brown and dark • High shrink-swell potential grayish brown, mottled silty clay loam • Wetness Subsoil: Corrective measures: 6 to 36 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay • Adding extra reinforcement in foundations or 36 to 51 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty building on concrete slab clay loam • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess 51 to 65 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silt water loam • Tile drains by footings • See Use and Management of the Soils, Substratum: Engineering, Building Site Development Section 65 to 80 inches—gray and grayish brown, mottled silt loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields Soil Properties and Qualities Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Depth: Very deep • Wetness Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Restricted permeability Organic matter content: Moderate Corrective measures: Permeability: Very slow • Curtain drains to remove excess water Available water capacity: Moderate • Special design or alternate system Depth of root zone: Deep • See Use and Management of the Soils, Surface runoff: Slow Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 foot to 2 feet of the surface during winter and early spring Local Roads and Streets Shrink-swell potential: High Limitation rating: Very limited 112 Soil Survey

Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to very long Corrective measures: duration • Impractical or none feasible Land Use Septic Tank Absorption Fields Major uses: Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Cropland • Flooding hazard • Restricted permeability Land capability subclass: 4w • Wetness Suitability: Suited Corrective measures: Adapted crops: Soybeans • Impractical or none feasible Management concerns: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long Local Roads and Streets duration Limitation rating: Very limited • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content Limitations: • Seasonal high water table • Flooding hazard • Delayed plantings • High shrink-swell potential • Maintaining tilth • Low strength Management measures: Corrective measures: • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, base material and not too wet or too dry • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Compliance with existing wetland laws and Engineering, Building Site Development Section regulations • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Ph—Phillippy silty clay loam, 0 to 3 Pasture and Forage percent slopes, protected Suitability: Not suited Setting Management concerns: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain duration Position on the landform: Nearly level to gently • Wetness sloping convex low ridges, many of which are old river terraces at a slightly higher elevation than Forestland the surrounding flood plain Suitability: Well suited Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, Composition green ash, pecan, and sweetgum Management concerns: • Phillippy and similar soils: 85 percent • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent • Seedling mortality Minor Components Management measures: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Contrasting: is dry • Bardwell, Bowdre, and Ware soils • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Soils similar to Phillippy with a mollic epipedon Productivity and Management Section greater than 24 inches thick • Soils that have only 1 foot of clayey textures Residential and Commercial Uses overlying loamy layers Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Typical Profile Surface layer: Limitation rating: Very limited 0 to 10 inches—very dark grayish brown silty clay Limitations: loam • Flooding hazard • High shrink-swell potential Subsurface layer: • Wetness 10 to 19 inches—dark brown silty clay Fulton County, Kentucky 113

Subsoil: Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, green ash, 19 to 24 inches—brown, mottled loam pecan, and sweetgum 24 to 29 inches—brown, mottled very fine sandy loam Management concerns: 29 to 42 inches—brown loamy fine sand • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness • Seedling mortality Substratum: Management measures: 42 to 65 inches—brown fine sand • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil 65 to 80 inches—brown, mottled fine sandy loam is dry Soil Properties and Qualities • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Residential and Commercial Uses Organic matter content: Moderate Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface; very Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings slow in the subsurface; moderate in the subsoil; Limitation rating: Not limited moderately rapid in the substratum Available water capacity: Moderate Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth of root zone: Deep Limitation rating: Moderate Surface runoff: Slow Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: 2 to 4 feet below • Restricted permeability in the upper 2 feet the surface during winter and spring • Seasonal wetness Shrink-swell potential: High in the upper 1.5 feet Corrective measures: Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee • Curtain drains to remove excess water unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic • Increasing the size of the absorption area event • Special design or alternate system Land Use • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Major uses: Cropland Local Roads and Streets Cropland Limitation rating: Not limited Land capability subclass: 2w Suitability: Well suited Adapted crops: Soybeans and corn Pp—Phillippy silty clay loam, 0 to 3 Management concerns: percent slopes, frequently flooded • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content • Maintaining tilth Setting Management measures: • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in the and not too wet or too dry Upper Bottom • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Position on the landform: Nearly level to gently Pasture Section sloping convex low ridges, many of which are old river terraces at a slightly higher elevation than Pasture and Forage the surrounding flood plain Suitability: Well suited Size of areas: 10 to 75 acres Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white Composition clover, and tall fescue Management concerns: • Phillippy and similar soils: 85 percent • Controlling weeds • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent • Maintaining tilth Minor Components Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Contrasting: Pasture Section • Bardwell, Commerce, and Ware soils • Soils similar to Phillippy with a mollic epipedon Forestland greater than 24 inches thick Suitability: Well suited 114 Soil Survey

• Soils that have only 1 foot of clayey texture Pasture and Forage overlying loamy layers Suitability: Poorly suited Typical Profile Management concerns: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Surface layer: duration 0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown silty clay loam • Controlling weeds 3 to 10 inches—very dark grayish brown silty clay Management measures: Subsurface layer: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and 10 to 19 inches—dark brown silty clay Pasture Section Subsoil: Forestland 19 to 24 inches—brown, mottled loam Suitability: Well suited 24 to 29 inches—brown, mottled very fine sandy loam Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American 29 to 42 inches—brown loamy fine sand sycamore, elm, pecan, and sweetgum Substratum: Management concerns: 42 to 65 inches—brown fine sand • Flooding hazard 65 to 80 inches—brown, mottled fine sandy loam • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness • Seedling mortality Soil Properties and Qualities Management measures: Depth: Very deep • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Drainage class: Moderately well drained is dry Organic matter content: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface; very Productivity and Management Section slow in the subsurface; moderate in the subsoil; Residential and Commercial Uses moderately rapid in the substratum Available water capacity: Moderate Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Depth of root zone: Deep Surface runoff: Slow Limitation rating: Very limited Depth to seasonal high water table: 2 to 4 feet below Limitations: the surface during winter and spring • Flooding hazard Shrink-swell potential: High in the upper 1.5 feet • High shrink-swell potential in the upper 2 feet Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long Corrective measures: duration • Impractical or none feasible • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Building Site Development Section Major uses: Cropland Septic Tank Absorption Fields Limitation rating: Very limited Cropland Limitations: Land capability subclass: 3w • Flooding hazard Suitability: Well suited • Restricted permeability in the upper 2 feet Adapted crops: Soybeans • Seasonal wetness Management concerns: Corrective measures: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long • Impractical or none feasible duration Local Roads and Streets • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content in the surface layers Limitation rating: Very limited • Maintaining tilth Limitations: Management measures: • Flooding hazard • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, Corrective measures: and not too wet or too dry • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and base material Pasture Section • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Building Site Development Section Fulton County, Kentucky 115

PtD—Pits-Udorthents complex, 0 to 20 Land Use percent slopes Cropland Setting Land capability subclass: Pits—none assigned; Udorthents—7e Major landform: Areas excavated for earthen fill, Suitability: Not suited gravel or sand Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Pasture and Forage Composition Suitability: Poorly suited Adapted plants: Fescue and native grasses • Pits: 75 percent Management concerns: • Udorthents: 15 percent • Severe erosion hazard • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent • Droughtiness Minor Components • Coarse fragment content in places Management measures: Contrasting: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Areas of Commerce, Feliciana, and Loring soils Pasture Section • Areas that have water at the bottom of some pits Forestland Typical Profile Suitability: Poorly suited This map unit consists of areas in which the soil Adapted species: Loblolly pine and shortleaf pine has been excavated for earthen fill or has been Management concerns: removed to expose the underlying gravel and sand. • Droughtiness The earthen fill has been used primarily for levee and • Erosion hazard highway construction. Gravel and sand are used for • Equipment limitations general construction and building purposes such as • Seedling mortality subgrade for highways, parking lots, and foundations. Management measures: Pits are open excavations from which soil and • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest underlying materials have been removed. These Productivity and Management Section areas typically have vertical or nearly vertical walls that are 10 to 40 feet high. Residential and Commercial Uses Udorthents consist of loamy material containing a Most areas have very limited soil interpretations for mixture of topsoil, subsoil, and the substratum where Residential and Commercial Uses. Onsite the three materials have been smoothed and graded. investigation is necessary to determine the limitations A portion of the gravel pit in the northeast area of the and suitability for any proposed use. county, east of Crutchfield, has been reclaimed and reseeded to a permanent vegetative cover. Texture is generally silt loam or silty clay loam with no definite Ra—Riverwash, 0 to 3 percent slopes, arrangement into layers because of the mixing that frequently flooded occurred during mineral extraction. In some places, each miscellaneous area is large This map unit is a miscellaneous area consisting of enough to map separately, but because of present unvegetated sand bars in the main channel of the and predicted use, they are mapped as one unit. Mississippi River. Use and management of riverwash is impractical and, therefore, this map unit is not Soil Properties and Qualities assigned a land capability class. Udorthents Natural fertility: Very low Rb—Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 Organic matter content: Very low percent slopes, protected Permeability: Highly variable because of the nature of the materials Setting Available water capacity: Low Depth of root zone: Shallow to moderately deep Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in the Surface runoff: Medium to very high Lower Bottom and in Madrid Bend above 300 feet elevation 116 Soil Survey

Position on the landform: Near the levee, occupying a Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white slightly higher elevation than surrounding areas clover, red clover, and tall fescue Size of areas: 15 to 75 acres Management concerns: • Controlling weeds Composition Management measures: • Robinsonville and similar soils: 85 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Pasture Section Minor Components Forestland Contrasting: Suitability: Well suited • Bardwell, Commerce, Phillippy, and Ware soils Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American • Soils similar to Robinsonville that are moderately sycamore, American elm, pecan, and sweetgum well drained Management concerns: • Areas that have silt loam or loam surface texture • Plant competition Management measures: Typical Profile • Using cultivation and/or chemicals to alleviate Surface layer: undesirable species 0 to 5 inches—dark brown fine sandy loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Transitional layer: 5 to 14 inches—brown fine sandy loam Residential and Commercial Uses Substratum: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 14 to 80 inches—brown fine and very fine sandy loam Limitation rating: Not limited Soil Properties and Qualities Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Limitation rating: Somewhat limited Organic matter content: Moderate Limitations: Permeability: Moderate • Seasonal wetness Available water capacity: High Corrective measures: Depth of root zone: Very deep • Installing effluent lines above 3 feet depth Surface runoff: Slow Local Roads and Streets Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet below the surface during winter and early spring Limitation rating: Not limited Shrink-swell potential: None Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic Rc—Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 event percent slopes, occasionally flooded Land Use Setting Major uses: Cropland Major landform: Madrid Bend area of the Mississippi River flood plain Cropland Position on the landform: Near the levee and along Land capability class: 1 the north side of the escarpment, occupying a Suitability: Well suited slightly higher elevation than surrounding areas Adapted crops: Soybeans, corn, and small grains Size of areas: 15 to 125 acres Management concerns: Composition • Maintaining tilth and fertility Management measures: • Robinsonville and similar soils: 90 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Pasture Section Minor Components Pasture and Forage Contrasting: Suitability: Well suited • Bardwell, Commerce, Crevasse, and Ware soils Fulton County, Kentucky 117

• Soils similar to Robinsonville that are moderately Forestland well drained Suitability: Well suited • Small areas that have silt loam or loam surface Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American texture sycamore, American elm, pecan, and sweetgum • Small areas above 300 feet elevation that rarely Management concerns: flood • Plant competition Typical Profile Management measures: • Using cultivation and/or chemicals to alleviate Surface layer: undesirable species 0 to 5 inches—dark brown fine sandy loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Subsurface layer: Productivity and Management Section 5 to 14 inches—brown fine sandy loam Residential and Commercial Uses Substratum: 14 to 80 inches—brown fine sandy loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Soil Properties and Qualities Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Depth: Very deep • Flooding hazard Drainage class: Well drained Corrective measures: Organic matter content: Moderate • Impractical or none feasible Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth of root zone: Very deep Limitation rating: Very limited Surface runoff: Slow Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet during • Flooding hazard winter and early spring Corrective measures: Shrink-swell potential: None • Impractical or none feasible Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief to long duration Local Roads and Streets Land Use Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Major uses: Cropland • Flooding hazard Corrective measures: Cropland • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Land capability subclass: 2w base material Suitability: Well suited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and wheat Engineering, Building Site Development Section Management concerns: • Flooding hazard • Droughtiness Rf—Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 Management measures: percent slopes, frequently flooded • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Setting Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in the Pasture and Forage Upper Bottom and Madrid Bend Suitability: Well suited Position on the landform: Areas of slightly higher Management concerns: elevation than surrounding landscapes • Flooding Size of areas: 15 to 250 acres • Controlling weeds Composition Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Robinsonville and similar soils: 90 percent Pasture Section • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent 118 Soil Survey

Minor Components Forestland Contrasting: Suitability: Well suited • Bardwell, Commerce, Crevasse, Phillippy, and Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American Ware soils sycamore, elm, pecan, and sweetgum (fig.10) • Soils similar to Robinsonville that are moderately Management concerns: well drained • Plant competition • Small areas that have silt loam or loam surface Management measures: texture • Using cultivation and/or chemicals to alleviate undesirable species Typical Profile • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Surface layer: Productivity and Management Section 0 to 5 inches—dark brown fine sandy loam Residential and Commercial Uses Transitional layer: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 5 to 14 inches—brown fine sandy loam Limitation rating: Very limited Substratum: Limitations: 14 to 80 inches—brown fine and very fine sandy loam • Flooding hazard Soil Properties and Qualities Corrective measures: • Impractical or none feasible Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Septic Tank Absorption Fields Organic matter content: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Permeability: Moderate Limitations: Available water capacity: High • Flooding hazard Depth of root zone: Very deep Corrective measures: Surface runoff: Slow • Impractical or none feasible Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet during winter and early spring Local Roads and Streets Shrink-swell potential: None Limitation rating: Very limited Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long Limitations: duration • Flooding hazard Land Use Corrective measures: • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Major uses: Cropland base material • See Use and Management of the Soils, Cropland Engineering, Building Site Development Section Land capability subclass: 3w Suitability: Well suited Adapted crops: Soybeans and corn RmD—Robinsonville fine sandy loam, Management concerns: natural levee, 8 to 25 percent slopes, • Spring flooding sometimes lasting for long duration occasionally flooded • Delayed plantings in the spring Management measures: Setting • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in Madrid Pasture Section Bend Position on the landform: Nearly linear to arcuate Pasture and Forage natural levee escarpment along the southern part Suitability: Poorly suited of the bend Management concerns: Size of areas: 250 acres • Flooding sometimes lasting for long duration Composition Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Robinsonville and similar soils: 90 percent Pasture Section • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Fulton County, Kentucky 119

Figure 10.—Agroforestry consisting of American sycamore plantings on Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded, on the right and Crevasse loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded, on the left (soybeans growing in the foreground).

Minor Components Soil Properties and Qualities Contrasting: Depth: Very deep • Crevasse and Ware soils Drainage class: Well drained • Small areas that have silt loam or loam surface Organic matter content: Moderate texture Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Typical Profile Depth of root zone: Very deep Surface layer: Surface runoff: Slow 0 to 6 inches—dark brown fine sandy loam Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet during winter and spring Transitional layer: Shrink-swell potential: None 6 to 14 inches—brown fine sandy loam Frequency of flooding: Occasional—portions of the Substratum: escarpment below 300 feet elevation experience 14 to 80 inches—brown fine and very fine sandy loam occasional backwater flooding of brief to long duration 120 Soil Survey

Land Use Limitations: • Flooding hazard Major uses: Idle land Corrective measures: • Slope—adapting road design to the slope Cropland • Low strength—using a more suitable subgrade or Land capability subclass: 4e base material Suitability: Not suited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Management concerns: Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Slope • Severe erosion hazard • Maintaining tilth and fertility Ro—Roellen silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Pasture and Forage Suitability: Suited Setting Adapted plants: White clover, tall fescue, and Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in the common bermudagrass Lower Bottom Management concerns: Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Severe erosion hazard depressional areas • Short, steep slopes in places prevent effective Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres species establishment and renovation Management measures: Composition • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Roellen and similar soils: 85 percent Pasture Section • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Forestland Minor Components Suitability: Suited Contrasting: Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American elm, • Bondurant, Bowdre, Sharkey, and Tunica soils pecan, sugarberry, and sweetgum Management concerns: Typical Profile • Equipment limitations and erosion hazard due to Surface layer: slope 0 to 5 inches—very dark grayish brown, mottled silty Management measures: clay • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Subsurface layer: 5 to 13 inches—very dark grayish brown, mottled silty Residential and Commercial Uses clay Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Subsoil: Limitation rating: Very limited 13 to 42 inches—gray, mottled silty clay and clay Limitations: Substratum: • Flooding hazard 42 to 80 inches—gray, mottled silty clay • Slope Corrective measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • Impractical or none feasible Depth: Very deep Septic Tank Absorption Fields Drainage class: Poorly drained Organic matter content: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Permeability: Very slow Limitations: Available water capacity: Moderate • Flooding hazard Depth of root zone: Deep • Slope Surface runoff: Very slow Corrective measures: Depth to seasonal high water table: 0 to 1.5 feet of • Impractical or none feasible the surface during winter and spring Local Roads and Streets Shrink-swell potential: High Limitation rating: Very limited Fulton County, Kentucky 121

Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief to long Residential and Commercial Uses duration Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Land Use Limitation rating: Very limited Major uses: Cropland Limitations: • Flooding hazard Cropland • High shrink-swell potential Land capability subclass: 3w • Excessive wetness Suitability: Moderately suited Corrective measures: Adapted crops: Soybeans • Impractical or none feasible Management concerns: Septic Tank Absorption Fields • Flooding • Narrow range of workability and poor tilth due to Limitation rating: Very limited high clay content Limitations: • Excessive wetness • Flooding hazard • Susceptibility to excessive compaction • Excessive wetness • Delayed plantings • Very slow permeability Management measures: Corrective measures: • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • Impractical or none feasible • Limiting tillage and restricting it to periods when the Local Roads and Streets soil is moist, and not too wet or too dry • Compliance with existing wetland laws and Limitation rating: Very limited regulations Limitations: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Flooding hazard Pasture Section • High shrink-swell potential • Wetness Pasture and Forage • Low strength Suitability: Poorly suited Corrective measures: Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or clover, and tall fescue base material Management concerns: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Flooding sometimes lasting for long duration Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Excessive wetness • Controlling weeds Management measures: RsA—Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and slopes Pasture Section Setting Forestland Major landform: Loess uplands Suitability: Suited Position on the landform: Stream terraces and the Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, head of drainageways baldcypress, green ash, and sweetgum Size of areas: 3 to 50 acres Management concerns: Composition • Flooding sometimes lasting for long duration • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness • Routon and similar soils: 80 percent • Seedling mortality • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent Management measures: Minor Components • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil is dry Contrasting: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Small areas of Kurk soils in similar positions Productivity and Management Section • Soils similar to Routon near the periphery of the map unit that contain a fragipan below 1.5 feet 122 Soil Survey

• Soils similar to Routon in the Little Bayou de Chien Pasture and Forage watershed that are alkaline or very strongly alkaline Suitability: Moderately suited throughout Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Typical Profile Management concerns: • Wetness Surface layer: • Maintaining tilth and fertility 0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown and grayish brown, Management measures: mottled silt loam • Utilizing forage species tolerant of excessive Subsurface layer: seasonal wetness 8 to 15 inches—gray, mottled silt loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Subsoil: 15 to 60 inches—light brownish gray, mottled silt loam Forestland Substratum: Suitability: Well suited 60 to 80 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam Adapted species: Green ash, sweetgum, cherrybark oak, pin oak, southern red oak, shagbark hickory, Soil Properties and Qualities and red maple Depth: Very deep • Moderate equipment limitations due to seasonal Drainage class: Poorly drained wetness Organic matter content: Moderate • Seedling mortality and plant competition Permeability: Moderate in the solum; slow in the Management measures: substratum • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Available water capacity: High is dry Depth of root zone: Deep in summer, but restricted by • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest the water table in winter and spring Productivity and Management Section Surface runoff: Slow Residential and Commercial Uses Depth to seasonal high water table: Within 1 foot of the surface during winter and early spring Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Frequency of flooding: None (a few of the lowest lying areas may experience rare flooding) Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Land Use • Wetness Corrective measures: Major uses: Cropland • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess water Cropland • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Land capability subclass: 3w • See Use and Management of the Soils, Suitability: Moderately suited Engineering, Building Site Development Section Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum Septic Tank Absorption Fields in areas that have been adequately drained; generally not suited to winter wheat Limitation rating: Very limited Management concerns: Limitations: • Seasonal high water table • Excessive seasonal wetness • Delayed plantings • Restricted permeability • Susceptibility to compaction Corrective measures: • Maintaining tilth and fertility • Special design or alternate system Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Maintenance of existing drainage system Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section • Reducing tillage operations to minimize compaction Local Roads and Streets • Compliance with existing wetland laws and regulations Limitation rating: Very limited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Limitations: Pasture Section • Wetness • Low strength Fulton County, Kentucky 123

Corrective measures: Depth to seasonal high water table: Within 1 foot of • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material the surface during winter and early spring • Compliance with existing wetland laws and Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief to long regulations duration • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Building Site Development Section Major uses: Cropland

RtA—Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Cropland slopes, occasionally flooded Land capability subclass: 3w Suitability: Moderately suited Setting Adapted crops: Corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum Major landform: Stream terraces along Bayou de in areas that have been adequately drained; Chien and near the mouth of Mud Creek generally not suited to winter wheat Position on the landform: Slightly depressional areas Management concerns: Size of areas: 3 to 50 acres • Wetness • Delayed plantings Composition • Occasional flooding sometimes lasting for long • Routon and similar soils: 80 percent duration • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent • Susceptibility to compaction • Maintaining tilth and fertility Minor Components Management measures: Contrasting: • Maintenance of existing drainage system • Convent, Dekoven, and Mhoon soils along • Reducing tillage operations to minimize compaction drainageways • Compliance with existing wetland laws and • Small areas of Kurk soils in similar positions regulations • Soils similar to Routon that contain a fragipan below • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and 1.5 feet Pasture Section • Soils similar to Routon that are strongly alkaline Pasture and Forage throughout Suitability: Moderately suited Typical Profile Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Surface layer: Management concerns: 0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown and grayish brown, • Wetness mottled silt loam • Occasional flooding sometimes lasting for long duration Subsurface layer: • Maintaining tilth and fertility 8 to 15 inches—gray, mottled silt loam Management measures: Subsoil: • Utilizing forage species tolerant of excessive 15 to 60 inches—light brownish gray, mottled silt loam seasonal wetness • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Substratum: Pasture Section 60 to 80 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam Forestland Soil Properties and Qualities Suitability: Well suited Depth: Very deep Adapted species: Green ash, sweetgum, cherrybark Drainage class: Poorly drained oak, pin oak, southern red oak, shagbark hickory, Organic matter content: Moderate and red maple Permeability: Moderate in the solum; slow in the • Moderate equipment limitations due to seasonal substratum wetness Available water capacity: High • Seedling mortality and plant competition Depth of root zone: Deep in summer, but restricted by Management measures: the water table in winter and spring • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Surface runoff: Slow is dry 124 Soil Survey

• See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Composition Productivity and Management Section • Routon and similar soils: 80 percent Residential and Commercial Uses • Contrasting components of minor extent: 20 percent Minor Components Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Contrasting: Limitation rating: Very limited • Convent, Dekoven, and Mhoon soils along Limitations: drainageways • Flooding hazard • Small areas of Kurk soils in similar positions • Wetness • Soils similar to Routon that are strongly alkaline Corrective measures: throughout • Selecting a site at a higher elevation above flood- prone areas Typical Profile • See Use and Management of the Soils, Surface layer: Engineering, Building Site Development Section 0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown and grayish brown, Septic Tank Absorption Fields mottled silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited Subsurface layer: Limitations: 8 to 15 inches—gray, mottled silt loam • Flooding hazard Subsoil: • Excessive seasonal wetness 15 to 60 inches—light brownish gray, mottled silt loam • Restricted permeability Corrective measures: Substratum: • Selecting a site at a higher elevation above flood- 60 to 80 inches—yellowish brown, mottled silt loam prone areas Soil Properties and Qualities • See Use and Management of the Soils, Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Poorly drained Local Roads and Streets Organic matter content: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Permeability: Moderate in the solum; slow in the Limitations: substratum • Flooding hazard Available water capacity: High • Wetness Depth of root zone: Deep in summer, but restricted by • Low strength the water table in winter and spring Corrective measures: Surface runoff: Slow • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Depth to seasonal high water table: Within 1 foot of base material the surface during winter and early spring • Compliance with existing wetland laws and Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long regulations duration • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Building Site Development Section Major uses: Cropland

RuA—Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Cropland slopes, frequently flooded Land capability subclass: 4w Suitability: Moderately suited Setting Adapted crops: Soybeans and grain sorghum Major landform: Stream terraces along Bayou de Management concerns: Chien and mouth of Mud Creek • Wetness Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Delayed plantings depressional areas • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Size of areas: 15 to 300 acres duration • Susceptibility to compaction • Maintaining tilth and fertility Fulton County, Kentucky 125

Management measures: Local Roads and Streets • Maintenance of existing drainage system Limitation rating: Very limited • Reducing tillage operations to minimize compaction Limitations: • Compliance with existing wetland laws and • Flooding hazard regulations • Wetness • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Low strength Pasture Section Corrective measures: Pasture and Forage • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or base material Suitability: Poorly suited • See Use and Management of the Soils, Adapted plants: White clover and tall fescue Engineering, Building Site Development Section Management concerns: • Wetness • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for long Sc—Sharkey silty clay, ponded duration • Maintaining tilth and fertility Setting Management measures: • Utilizing forage species tolerant of excessive Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain seasonal wetness Position on the landform: Depressional areas • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Size of areas: 10 to 150 acres Pasture Section Composition Forestland • Sharkey and similar soils: 90 percent Suitability: Well suited • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Adapted species: Green ash, sweetgum, shagbark Minor Components hickory, and red maple • Moderate equipment limitations due to seasonal Contrasting: wetness • Tunica soils • Seedling mortality and plant competition Typical Profile Management measures: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Surface layer: is dry 0 to 5 inches—very dark grayish brown, mottled silty • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest clay Productivity and Management Section Subsoil: Residential and Commercial Uses 5 to 36 inches—gray, mottled silty clay Substratum: Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings 36 to 80 inches—gray, mottled silty clay Limitation rating: Very limited Soil Properties and Qualities Limitations: • Flooding hazard Depth: Very deep • Wetness Drainage class: Poorly drained Corrective measures: Organic matter content: Moderate • Impractical or none feasible Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Septic Tank Absorption Fields Depth of root zone: Deep Limitation rating: Very limited Surface runoff: Very slow Limitations: Depth to seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot to 4 feet • Flooding hazard above the surface during winter and spring • Excessive seasonal wetness Shrink-swell potential: High • Restricted permeability Frequency of flooding: Inundated due to ponded Corrective measures: conditions during most of the year • Impractical or none feasible 126 Soil Survey

Land Use Pasture and Forage Major uses: Forestland and wetland wildlife habitat Suitability: Not suited (fig. 11) Management concerns: • Excessive wetness resulting from ponded Cropland conditions Land capability subclass: 5w Forestland Suitability: Not suited Management concerns: Suitability: Moderately suited • Excessive wetness resulting from ponded Adapted species: Baldcypress, Eastern cottonwood, conditions and black willow

Figure 11.—An area of Sharkey silty clay, ponded, exhibiting excellent vegetative morphological adaptations in response to wetland hydrology. Notice the buttressed trunks and pneumatophores (knees) of the bald cypress trees. High water marks can also be seen about 3 feet up from the base of the trees. Fulton County, Kentucky 127

Management concerns: Minor Components • Equipment limitations due to ponded conditions Contrasting: • Slow growth • Keyespoint, Openlake, and Tunica soils Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Typical Profile Productivity and Management Section Surface layer: Residential and Commercial Uses 0 to 5 inches—very dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Subsoil: Limitation rating: Very limited 5 to 36 inches—gray, mottled silty clay Limitations: Substratum: • Excessive wetness resulting from ponded 36 to 80 inches—gray, mottled silty clay conditions • High shrink-swell potential Soil Properties and Qualities Corrective measures: Depth: Very deep • Impractical or none feasible Drainage class: Poorly drained Septic Tank Absorption Fields Organic matter content: Moderate Permeability: Very slow Limitation rating: Very limited Available water capacity: Moderate Limitations: Depth of root zone: Deep • Excessive wetness resulting from ponded Surface runoff: Very slow conditions Depth to seasonal high water table: 0 to 1 foot of the • Restricted permeability surface during winter and spring Corrective measures: Shrink-swell potential: High • Impractical or none feasible Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee Local Roads and Streets unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic event. Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Land Use • Excessive wetness resulting from ponded Major uses: Cropland conditions • High shrink-swell potential Cropland • Low strength Corrective measures: Land capability subclass: 3w • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Suitability: Moderately suited base material Adapted crops: Soybeans • See Use and Management of the Soils, Management concerns: Engineering, Building Site Development Section • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content • Excessive wetness • Delayed plantings Sh—Sharkey silty clay, 0 to 2 percent • Maintaining tilth slopes, protected Management measures: • Maintenance of existing open drainage system Setting • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, and not too wet or too dry Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain • Compliance with existing wetland laws and Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly regulations depressional areas • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres Pasture Section Composition Pasture and Forage • Sharkey and similar soils: 85 percent • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Suitability: Moderately suited 128 Soil Survey

Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white • Seasonal wetness clover, and tall fescue • Low strength Management concerns: Corrective measures: • Excessive wetness • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material • Controlling weeds • See Use and Management of the Soils, Management measures: Engineering, Building Site Development Section • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Sk—Sharkey silty clay, 0 to 2 percent Forestland slopes, frequently flooded Suitability: Well suited Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, Setting baldcypress, green ash, pecan, and sweetgum Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain Management concerns: Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness depressional slackwater areas • Seedling mortality Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres Management measures: • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Composition is dry • Sharkey and similar soils: 90 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Productivity and Management Section Minor Components Residential and Commercial Uses Contrasting: • Keyespoint, Openlake, and Tunica soils Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Typical Profile Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Surface layer: • Wetness 0 to 5 inches—very dark grayish brown, mottled silty • High shrink-swell potential clay Corrective measures: Subsoil: • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess 5 to 36 inches—gray, mottled silty clay water • Tile drains by footings Substratum: • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material 36 to 80 inches—gray, mottled silty clay • Adding extra reinforcement in foundations or Soil Properties and Qualities building on concrete slab • See Use and Management of the Soils, Depth: Very deep Engineering, Building Site Development Section Drainage class: Poorly drained Organic matter content: Moderate Septic Tank Absorption Fields Permeability: Very slow Limitation rating: Very limited Available water capacity: Moderate Limitations: Depth of root zone: Deep • Wetness Surface runoff: Very slow • Restricted permeability Depth to seasonal high water table: 0 to 1 foot of the Corrective measures: surface during winter and spring • Curtain drains to remove excess water Shrink-swell potential: High • Special design or alternate system Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to very long • See Use and Management of the Soils, duration Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Land Use Local Roads and Streets Major uses: Forestland and cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Cropland Limitations: • High shrink-swell potential Land capability subclass: 5w Fulton County, Kentucky 129

Suitability: Poorly suited • Excessive seasonal wetness Adapted crops: Soybeans • Restricted permeability Management concerns: Corrective measures: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long • Impractical or none feasible duration Local Roads and Streets • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content • Excessive wetness Limitation rating: Very limited • Delayed plantings Limitations: • Maintaining tilth • Flooding hazard Management measures: • High shrink-swell potential • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • Low strength • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, • Excessive seasonal wetness and not too wet or too dry Corrective measures: • Compliance with existing wetland laws and • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or regulations base material • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • See Use and Management of the Soils, Pasture Section Engineering, Building Site Development Section Pasture and Forage Suitability: Not suited Tc—Tunica silty clay, 0 to 2 percent Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white slopes, protected clover, and tall fescue Management concerns: Setting • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain duration Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly • Excessive wetness depressional areas Forestland Size of areas: 25 to 250 acres Suitability: Well suited Composition Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, • Tunica and similar soils: 90 percent baldcypress, green ash, pecan, and sweetgum • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Management concerns: • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Minor Components • Seedling mortality Contrasting: Management measures: • Bondurant, Bowdre, and Sharkey soils • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil • Soils similar to Tunica that have a mollic epipedon is dry • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Typical Profile Productivity and Management Section Surface layer: Residential and Commercial Uses 0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Subsoil: 8 to 22 inches—gray, mottled silty clay Limitation rating: Very limited 22 to 33 inches—gray, mottled silty clay loam Limitations: 33 to 40 inches—mottled gray and dark grayish • Flooding hazard brown silt loam • Excessive wetness 40 to 48 inches—gray, mottled loam • High shrink-swell potential Corrective measures: Substratum: • Impractical or none feasible 48 to 80 inches—brown sandy loam Septic Tank Absorption Fields Soil Properties and Qualities Limitation rating: Very limited Depth: Very deep Limitations: Drainage class: Poorly drained • Flooding hazard Organic matter content: Moderate 130 Soil Survey

Permeability: Very slow in the upper 2 feet; moderate Management measures: below 2 feet • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil Available water capacity: Moderate is dry Depth of root zone: Deep • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Surface runoff: Very slow Productivity and Management Section Depth to seasonal high water table: 0 to 1 foot of the Residential and Commercial Uses surface during winter and spring Shrink-swell potential: High Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic Limitation rating: Very limited event. Limitations: • Seasonal wetness Land Use • High shrink-swell potential Major uses: Cropland Corrective measures: • Surface drains or curtain drains to remove excess Cropland water • Tile drains by footings Land capability subclass: 3w • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Suitability: Moderately suited • Adding extra reinforcement in foundations or Adapted crops: Soybeans building on concrete slab Management concerns: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content Engineering, Building Site Development Section in the surface layer • Excessive wetness Septic Tank Absorption Fields • Delayed plantings Limitation rating: Very limited • Maintaining tilth Limitations: Management measures: • Wetness • Maintenance of existing open drainage system • Restricted permeability • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, Corrective measures: and not too wet or too dry • Curtain drains to remove excess water • Compliance with existing wetland laws and • Special design or alternate system regulations • See Use and Management of the Soils, • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Pasture Section Local Roads and Streets Pasture and Forage Limitation rating: Very limited Suitability: Moderately suited Limitations: Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white • High shrink-swell potential clover, and tall fescue • Low strength Management concerns: • Excessive seasonal wetness • Excessive wetness Corrective measures: • Controlling weeds • Construction on suitable subgrade or base material Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Engineering, Building Site Development Section Pasture Section Forestland Tu—Tunica silty clay, 0 to 2 percent Suitability: Well suited slopes, frequently flooded Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, baldcypress, green ash, pecan, and sweetgum Setting Management concerns: • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain • Seedling mortality Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly depressional slackwater areas Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres Fulton County, Kentucky 131

Composition • Restricting tillage to periods when the soil is moist, and not too wet or too dry • Tunica and similar soils: 90 percent • Compliance with existing wetland laws and • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent regulations Minor Components • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Pasture Section Contrasting: • Keyespoint, Openlake, and Sharkey soils Pasture and Forage Typical Profile Suitability: Poorly suited Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white Surface layer: clover, and tall fescue 0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled silty clay Management concerns: Subsoil: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long 8 to 22 inches—gray, mottled silty clay duration 22 to 33 inches—gray, mottled silty clay loam • Excessive wetness 33 to 40 inches—mottled gray and dark grayish • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and brown silt loam Pasture Section 40 to 48 inches—gray, mottled loam Forestland Substratum: Suitability: Well suited 48 to 80 inches—brown sandy loam Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, black willow, Soil Properties and Qualities baldcypress, green ash, pecan, and sweetgum Management concerns: Depth: Very deep • Equipment limitations due to seasonal wetness Drainage class: Poorly drained • Seedling mortality Organic matter content: Moderate Management measures: Permeability: Very slow in the upper 2 feet; moderate • Restricting equipment use to periods when the soil below 2 feet is dry Available water capacity: Moderate • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Depth of root zone: Deep Productivity and Management Section Surface runoff: Very slow Depth to seasonal high water table: 0 to 1 foot of the Residential and Commercial Uses surface during winter and spring Shrink-swell potential: High Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to very long Limitation rating: Very limited duration Limitations: Land Use • Flooding hazard • High shrink-swell potential Major uses: Forestland and cropland • Excessive wetness Corrective measures: Cropland • Impractical or none feasible Land capability subclass: 5w Septic Tank Absorption Fields Suitability: Poorly suited Adapted crops: Soybeans Limitation rating: Very limited Management concerns: Limitations: • Frequent flooding sometimes lasting for very long • Flooding hazard duration • Excessive wetness • Narrow range of workability due to high clay content • Restricted permeability • Excessive wetness Corrective measures: • Delayed plantings • Impractical or none feasible • Maintaining tilth Local Roads and Streets Management measures: • Maintenance of existing open drainage system Limitation rating: Very limited 132 Soil Survey

Limitations: plain. Areas that have been cut and regraded occur • Flooding hazard primarily on upland ridges and side slopes. • High shrink-swell potential Urban land is primarily land covered by highways, • Excessive seasonal wetness but also includes commercial buildings, parking lots, Corrective measures: and other urban structures. In places, the natural • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or drainage pattern has been altered and replaced by a base material system of ditches and storm drains. • See Use and Management of the Soils, In some places, each miscellaneous area is large Engineering, Building Site Development Section enough to map separately, but because of present and predicted use, they are mapped as one unit. Most delineations contain both miscellaneous areas, but a UdC—Udorthents-Urban land complex, few contain only one of these areas. 5 to 25 percent slopes Soil Properties and Qualities Setting Udorthents Major landform: Areas of significant highway and Natural fertility: Low commercial development Organic matter content: Low Position on the landform: Uplands and flood plains Permeability: Highly variable because of the nature of along the Purchase Parkway and the Mud Creek the materials flood plain along Kentucky Highway 94. The two Available water capacity: Low to moderate components occur as areas so intricately mixed Depth of root zone: Shallow to moderately deep or so small that mapping them separately is not Surface runoff: Medium to very high practical at the scale used. Land Use Size of areas: 25 to 250 acres Major uses: Commercial highways Composition Land capability subclass: None assigned • Udorthents: 55 percent • Urban land: 35 percent Permanent Vegetative Cover • Contrasting components of minor extent: 10 percent Suitability: Udorthents—moderately suited Minor Components Adapted plants: Tall fescue, Ladino clover, and lespedeza Contrasting: Management concerns: • Small areas of Calloway, Convent, Feliciana, • Udorthents—acidity, steep slopes, droughtiness, Grenada, Loring, and Memphis soils and very low fertility levels • Narrow areas of exit ramps containing slopes that Management measures: range to 40 percent • Periodic fertilization helps to maintain a lush, Typical Profile vegetative cover for erosion control • See Use and Management of the Soils, This map unit consists of cut-and-fill areas Engineering, Building Site Development Section containing loamy material of mixed topsoil, subsoil, sand, and/or gravel where the natural soil was graded and smoothed primarily for highway development. UrB—Urban land-Udorthents complex, The natural soil has been so altered or obscured by 2 to 8 percent slopes cut-and-fill operations that soil identification is no longer feasible. Setting Udorthents consist of loamy material containing a mixture of topsoil, subsoil, sand, and/or gravel that Major landform: Areas of commercial and industrial have been smoothed and graded. Texture ranges development from gravelly silt loam or sandy loam to extremely Position on the landform: Gently sloping to sloping gravelly silty clay loam with no definite arrangement ridges and side slopes and, less commonly, on into layers because of the mixing during cut-and-fill nearly level flood plains. The two components operations. Most areas containing fill material occur occur as areas so intricately mixed or so small where the highway extends across a natural flood that mapping them separately is not practical at the scale used. Fulton County, Kentucky 133

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres Land Use Composition Major uses: Business and industrial development • Urban land: 65 percent Land capability subclass: None assigned • Udorthents: 20 percent Landscaping and Greenways • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Suitability: Udorthents—Moderately suited Minor Components Adapted plants: Most commonly grown lawn and Contrasting: landscaping plants can be used • Collins and Falaya soils on flood plains Management concerns: • Very small areas of Feliciana, Grenada, and Loring • Udorthents—acidity, droughtiness, and very low soils on upland ridges and side slopes fertility levels Management measures: Typical Profile • A better suited topsoil material in places having an This map unit consists of areas containing loamy abundance of small gravel, excessive compaction material of mixed topsoil, subsoil, sand, and/or gravel during grading and smoothing operations, limited where the natural soil was graded and smoothed in rooting depth, and removal of the surface soil order to build urban structures. The vast majority of • Adequate lime, fertilizer, and water this map unit occurs in and around Fulton. The • Incorporating organic matter, such as bark and natural soils—primarily those of the Feliciana, mulching, help to assure a successful seeding Grenada, and Loring series—have been so altered or • Field borders around parks, cemeteries, and utility obscured by urban works and structures that soil right-of-ways promote habitat diversity identification is no longer feasible. • See Use and Management of the Soils, Urban land is land covered by commercial Engineering, Building Site Development Section buildings, streets, parking lots, railroad yards, and Residential and Commercial Uses other urban structures. In places, the natural drainage pattern has been altered and replaced by a system of • Onsite investigation is necessary to determine the ditches and storm drains. limitations and suitability for any proposed use. Udorthents consist of areas in which the natural soil has been cut and graded, or has been filled with loamy material containing a mixture of topsoil, subsoil, W—Water sand, and/or gravel that has been smoothed and This map unit consists of water occupying ponds, graded. Texture ranges from gravelly silt loam or lakes, rivers, and double-line streams. These areas sandy loam to extremely gravelly silty clay loam with are inundated by water in most years, at least during no definite arrangement into layers because of the the period that is warm enough for plants to grow. mixing during cut-and-fill operations. On most areas, However, most areas are covered with water either the depth of the mixed material is 2 to 5 feet, or throughout the year. Pits containing water most of the about 10 inches to 5 feet or more of the natural soil time are also mapped as Water. was removed. In some places, each miscellaneous area is large enough to map separately, but because of present Wa—Ware loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, and predicted use, they are mapped as one unit. Most protected delineations contain both miscellaneous areas, but a few contain only one. Setting Soil Properties and Qualities Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in the Lower Bottom Udorthents Position on the landform: Nearly level, low ridges of Natural fertility: Very low old natural levees at a slightly higher elevation Organic matter content: Very low than surrounding areas Permeability: Highly variable because of the nature of Size of areas: 15 to 75 acres the materials Composition Available water capacity: Low to moderate Depth of root zone: Shallow to moderately deep • Ware and similar soils: 85 percent Surface runoff: Medium to very high • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent 134 Soil Survey

Minor Components Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Contrasting: Pasture Section • Bardwell and Robinsonville soils • Soils similar to Ware that are fine-loamy Forestland • Areas that have fine sandy loam surface texture Suitability: Well suited • About 15 acres located at Sassafras Ridge with Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American slopes ranging from 3 to 6 percent sycamore, American elm, pecan, and sweetgum Typical Profile Management concerns: • Plant competition Surface layer: Management measures: 0 to 15 inches—very dark grayish brown and very • Cultivation and/or chemicals to alleviate undesirable dark gray loam species Subsoil: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest 15 to 30 inches—brown and dark yellowish brown fine Productivity and Management Section sandy loam and very fine sandy loam Residential and Commercial Uses Substratum: 30 to 80 inches—brown fine sandy loam Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Soil Properties and Qualities Limitation rating: Not limited Depth: Very deep Septic Tank Absorption Fields Drainage class: Well drained Limitation rating: Very limited Organic matter content: Moderate Limitations: Permeability: Moderate • Seasonal wetness within 3 feet of the surface Available water capacity: High • Groundwater pollution due to poor filtering capacity Depth of root zone: Very deep Corrective measures: Surface runoff: Slow • Curtain drains to remove excess water Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet of the • Increasing the size of the absorption area surface during winter and early spring • Installing effluent lines above 3 feet depth Shrink-swell potential: None • Special design or alternate system Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee • See Use and Management of the Soils, unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section event Local Roads and Streets Land Use Limitation rating: Not limited Major uses: Cropland Cropland Wm—Ware loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Land capability class: 1 occasionally flooded Suitability: Well suited Adapted crops: Soybeans, corn, and small grains Setting Management concerns: • Droughtiness (fig. 12) Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in Madrid Management measures: Bend between about 288 feet and 300 feet • Irrigation to overcome prolonged droughty periods elevation • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Position on the landform: Nearly level old natural Pasture Section levees occupying a slightly higher elevation than surrounding areas Pasture and Forage Size of areas: 15 to 75 acres Suitability: Well suited Composition Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white clover, red clover, and tall fescue • Ware and similar soils: 85 percent Management concerns: • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent • Controlling weeds Fulton County, Kentucky 135

Figure 12.—Supplemental irrigation is an effective means of increasing crop yields in areas of Ware loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected.

Minor Components Subsoil: 15 to 30 inches—brown and dark yellowish brown fine Contrasting: sandy loam and very fine sandy loam • Bardwell, Commerce, and Robinsonville soils • Areas that have silt loam or very fine sandy loam Substratum: surface texture 30 to 80 inches—brown fine sandy loam • Areas that have a thin overwash of lighter colored Soil Properties and Qualities brown fine sandy loam overlying the darker mollic material Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Typical Profile Organic matter content: Moderate Surface layer: Permeability: Moderate 0 to 15 inches—very dark grayish brown and very Available water capacity: High dark gray loam Depth of root zone: Very deep Surface runoff: Slow 136 Soil Survey

Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet of the Septic Tank Absorption Fields surface during winter and early spring Limitation rating: Very limited Shrink-swell potential: None Limitations: Frequency of flooding: Occasional—brief to long • Flooding hazard duration Corrective measures: Land Use • Impractical or none feasible Major uses: Cropland Local Roads and Streets Limitation rating: Very limited Cropland Limitations: Land capability subclass: 2w • Flooding hazard Suitability: Well suited Corrective measures: Adapted crops: Soybeans and corn • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or Management concerns: base material • Flooding hazard • See Use and Management of the Soils, • Droughtiness Engineering, Building Site Development Section Management measures: • Irrigation to overcome prolonged droughty periods • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Wr—Ware silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Pasture Section protected Pasture and Forage Setting Suitability: Suited Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in the Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white Lower Bottom clover, red clover, and tall fescue Position on the landform: Broad, nearly level, low Management concerns: ridges of old natural levees occupying a slightly • Flooding sometimes lasting for long duration higher elevation than surrounding areas • Controlling weeds Size of areas: 15 to 75 acres Management measures: • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Composition Pasture Section • Ware and similar soils: 85 percent Forestland • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Suitability: Well suited Minor Components Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American Contrasting: sycamore, elm, pecan, and sweetgum • Bardwell, Phillippy, and Robinsonville soils Management concerns: • Soils similar to Ware that have enough clay in the • Plant competition subsoil to be fine-loamy Management measures: • Areas that have loam or silty clay loam surface • Using cultivation and/or chemicals to alleviate texture undesirable species • Areas that have a thin overwash of lighter colored • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest brown fine sandy loam overlying the darker mollic Productivity and Management Section material Residential and Commercial Uses Typical Profile Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Surface layer: 0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam Limitation rating: Very limited 3 to 9 inches—very dark grayish brown silty clay loam Limitations: • Flooding hazard Subsurface layer: Corrective measures: 9 to 13 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam • Impractical or none feasible Fulton County, Kentucky 137

Subsoil: Management measures: 13 to 22 inches—dark brown silt loam • Using cultivation and/or chemicals to alleviate 22 to 27 inches—dark yellowish brown very fine undesirable species sandy loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Productivity and Management Section Substratum: 27 to 80 inches—brown very fine sandy loam Residential and Commercial Uses Soil Properties and Qualities Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Depth: Very deep Limitation rating: Not limited Drainage class: Well drained Organic matter content: Moderate Septic Tank Absorption Fields Permeability: Moderate Limitation rating: Very limited Available water capacity: High Limitations: Depth of root zone: Very deep • Seasonal wetness within 3 feet of the surface Surface runoff: Slow • Groundwater pollution due to poor filtering capacity Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet of the Corrective measures: surface during winter and early spring • Curtain drains to remove excess water Shrink-swell potential: None • Increasing the size of the absorption area Frequency of flooding: None—protected by levee • Installing effluent lines above 3 feet depth unless subjected to an unusual, catastrophic • Special design or alternate system event • See Use and Management of the Soils, Land Use Engineering, Sanitary Facilities Section Major uses: Cropland Local Roads and Streets Limitation rating: Not limited Cropland Land capability class: 1 Suitability: Well suited Ws—Ware silt loam, 0 to 2 percent Adapted crops: Soybeans, corn, and small grains slopes, frequently flooded Management concerns: • Maintaining tilth and fertility Setting Management measures: Major landform: Mississippi River flood plain in the • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Upper Bottom and below about 290 feet elevation Pasture Section in Madrid Bend Pasture and Forage Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly convex old natural levees occupying a slightly Suitability: Well suited higher elevation than surrounding areas of the Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, white flood plain clover, red clover, and tall fescue Size of areas: 15 to 75 acres Management concerns: • Controlling weeds Composition Management measures: • Ware and similar soils: 85 percent • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and • Contrasting components of minor extent: 15 percent Pasture Section Minor Components Forestland Contrasting: Suitability: Well suited • Bardwell, Phillippy, and Robinsonville soils Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American • Areas that have loam or silty clay loam surface sycamore, American elm, pecan, and sweetgum texture Management concerns: • Areas that have a thin overwash of lighter colored • Plant competition brown fine sandy loam overlying the darker mollic material 138

Typical Profile Management concerns: • Flooding sometimes lasting for long duration Surface layer: • Controlling weeds 0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam Management measures: 3 to 9 inches—very dark grayish brown silty clay loam • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Subsurface layer: Pasture Section 9 to 13 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam Forestland Subsoil: Suitability: Well suited 13 to 22 inches—dark brown silt loam Adapted species: Eastern cottonwood, American 22 to 27 inches—dark yellowish brown very fine sycamore, elm, pecan, and sweetgum sandy loam Management concerns: Substratum: • Flooding hazard 27 to 80 inches—brown very fine sandy loam • Plant competition Management measures: Soil Properties and Qualities • Using cultivation and/or chemicals to alleviate Depth: Very deep undesirable species Drainage class: Well drained • See Use and Management of the Soils, Forest Organic matter content: Moderate Productivity and Management Section Permeability: Moderate Residential and Commercial Uses Available water capacity: High Depth of root zone: Very deep Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings Surface runoff: Slow Depth to seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet during Limitation rating: Very limited winter and early spring Limitations: Shrink-swell potential: None • Flooding hazard Frequency of flooding: Frequent—brief to long Corrective measures: duration • Impractical or none feasible Land Use Septic Tank Absorption Fields Major uses: Cropland Limitation rating: Very limited Limitations: Cropland • Flooding hazard Corrective measures: Land capability subclass: 3w • Impractical or none feasible Suitability: Well suited Adapted crops: Soybeans Local Roads and Streets Management concerns: Limitation rating: Very limited • Flooding hazard Limitations: Management measures: • Flooding hazard • See Use and Management of the Soils, Crops and Corrective measures: Pasture Section • Construction on a raised fill of suitable subgrade or base material Pasture and Forage • See Use and Management of the Soils, Suitability: Poorly suited Engineering, Building Site Development Section 139

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important produced on the prime farmland soils are corn, farmland defined by the U.S. Department of soybeans, wheat, and hay. These crops account for Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the approximately 71 percent of the county’s total Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and agricultural income each year. fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is A recent trend in land use in some parts of the limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes survey area has been the loss of some prime that responsible levels of government, as well as farmland to industrial and urban uses. The loss of individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on use of our Nation’s prime farmland. marginal lands, which generally are more erodible, Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department droughty, and less productive and cannot be easily of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of cultivated. physical and chemical characteristics for producing The map units in the survey area that are food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is considered prime farmland are listed in table 5. This available for these uses. It could be cultivated land, list does not constitute a recommendation for a pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not particular land use. On some soils included in the list, urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such qualities, growing season, and moisture supply are as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed. those needed for the soil to economically produce Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or sustained high yields of crops when proper not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by management, including water management, and corrective measures. The extent of each listed map acceptable farming methods are applied. In general, unit is shown in table 4. The location is shown on the prime farmland has an adequate and dependable detailed soil maps at the back of this publication. The supply of moisture from precipitation or irrigation, a soil qualities that affect use and management are favorable temperature and growing season, described under the heading “Detailed Soil Map acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an acceptable salt and Units.” sodium content, and few or no rocks. It is permeable Some soils that have a seasonal high water table to water and air. It is not excessively erodible or and all soils that are frequently flooded during the saturated with water for long periods, and it either is growing season qualify as prime farmland only in not frequently flooded during the growing season or is areas where these limitations have been overcome by protected from flooding. Slope ranges mainly from 0 drainage measures or flood control. If applicable, the to 6 percent. More detailed information about the need for these measures is indicated in parentheses criteria for prime farmland is available at the local after the map unit name in the table. Onsite office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service. evaluation is needed to determine whether or not About 99,153 acres in the survey area, or nearly these limitations have been overcome by corrective 67 percent of the total acreage, meets the soil measures. requirements for prime farmland. The main crops

141

Use and Management of the Soils

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of and indicate the severity of those limitations. The the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust ratings in these tables are both verbal and numerical. land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural Rating Class Terms resources and the environment. Also, it can help to prevent soil-related failures in land uses. Rating classes are expressed in the tables in terms In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists, that indicate the extent to which the soils are limited conservationists, engineers, and others collect by all of the soil features that affect a specified use or extensive field data about the nature and behavioral in terms that indicate the suitability of the soils for the characteristics of the soils. They collect data on use. Thus, the tables may show limitation classes or erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that suitability classes. Terms for the limitation classes are affect various soil uses and management. Field not limited, somewhat limited, and very limited. The experience and collected data on soil properties and suitability ratings are expressed as well suited, performance are used as a basis in predicting soil moderately suited, poorly suited, and unsuited or as behavior. good, fair, and poor. Information in this section can be used to plan the Numerical Ratings use and management of soils for crops and pasture; as rangeland and forestland; as sites for buildings, Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the relative sanitary facilities, highways and other transportation severity of individual limitations. The ratings are systems, and parks and other recreational facilities; shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. for agricultural waste management; and as wildlife They indicate gradations between the point at which a habitat. It can be used to identify the potentials and soil feature has the greatest negative impact on the limitations of each soil for specific land uses and to use and the point at which the soil feature is not a help prevent construction failures caused by limitation. The limitations appear in order from the unfavorable soil properties. most limiting to the least limiting. Thus, if more than Planners and others using soil survey information one limitation is identified, the most severe limitation can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on is listed first and the least severe one is listed last. productivity and on the environment in all or part of the survey area. The survey can help planners to Crops and Pasture maintain or create a land use pattern in harmony with the natural soil. General management needed for crops and Contractors can use this survey to locate sources pasture is suggested in this section. The estimated of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use yields of the main crops and pasture plants are listed, it to identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very the system of land capability classification used by firm soil layers can cause difficulty in excavation. the Natural Resources Conservation Service is Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and explained, and prime farmland is described. others may also find this survey useful. The survey Planners of management systems for individual can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and fields or farms should consider the detailed locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds, information given in the description of each soil under playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs. the heading “Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific information can be obtained from the local office of Interpretive Ratings the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service. The interpretive tables in this survey rate the soils In 2000, nearly 90,000 acres in the survey area in the survey area for various uses. Many of the was used for crops and pasture. Approximately tables identify the limitations that affect specified uses 83,000 acres, or 92 percent, was used for producing 142 Soil Survey

crops consisting mainly of corn, soybeans, and winter for rice production. Several thousand acres in Fulton wheat (Kentucky Agricultural Statistics Service, 2001). County are ideally suited to aquaculture, such as Much of the winter wheat was double cropped with catfish farming, if adequate markets for aquaculture soybeans. The 6,600 acres in pasture and hayland products are developed. consisted mainly of tall fescue, white clover, and In addition to the topographical features, common bermudagrass. differences in land-use management and suitability The prime farmland in the county, which is land result from differences in soil characteristics such as considered most suitable for growing crops, consists fertility, erodibility, organic matter content, available of the nearly level to gently sloping upland areas and water holding capacity, drainage, and flooding. the nearly level bottomlands on the Mississippi River Cropping systems, tillage, and field size are also flood plain. The moderately steep and steep areas important parts of efficient crop production systems are not prime farmland and, therefore, are commonly (Wells, 1992). Extending the latest crop production used for pasture or woodland. Large areas of technology to all of the cropland in the survey area woodland on the bottomlands of the Mississippi River will help increase production and maintain a flood plain, particularly the Upper Bottom, were sustainable soil resource base. The information in this cleared and planted to soybeans between 1965 and soil survey can facilitate the application of such 1985. technology. The following section describes some Very few specialty crops are grown in Fulton general principles of soil management that can be County, though the soils and climate are quite suited applied widely within the survey area. to a wide range of fruits and vegetables. Rice is Managing Cropland planted on a limited acreage in the Lower Bottom (fig. 13), but the potential for significantly greater The main management systems needed on production exists should favorable economic cropland are those that protect or improve soil quality, conditions prevail. Bondurant, Keyespoint, Openlake, help to control erosion, and minimize the water Roellen, Sharkey, and Tunica soils are all well suited

Figure 13.—Rice is grown on a limited acreage in Fulton County. Many soils on the Mississippi River flood plain are well suited for rice production. Fulton County, Kentucky 143

pollution caused by plant nutrients, soil particles, and storage capacity becomes a yield-limiting factor in agri-chemicals. these soils, it becomes difficult to maintain The combination of highly erosive silty soils, the productivity to the extent that row-crop farming is intense rainfall pattern, and sloping landscapes profitable without irrigation (Rhoton and Tyler, 1990). contribute to water erosion being a major concern on Erosion is less harmful, though still a concern, on a significant acreage of Fulton County uplands, soils that have few root-restricting characteristics, particularly areas having slopes of more than about 2 such as Feliciana, Memphis, and Center soils. percent. Unless protected, such areas are especially Applications of fertilizer help to offset the lower fertility susceptible to erosion of the surface layer rich in caused by erosion, but overcoming much of the humus, organic matter, and plant available nutrients. damage is difficult or impractical. Unabated, accelerated erosion affects a number of In addition to improvements in soil quality, physical, chemical, and biological properties resulting controlling erosion improves water quality by in diminished soil quality. Erosion of the surface layer minimizing the pollution of streams due to can result in decreased water infiltration rates, lower sedimentation. The quality of water for farm and city available water-holding capacity, decreased soil tilth uses, wildlife habitat, and recreational uses is and workability due to increases in clay content and enhanced when measures are taken to keep soil bulk density, diminished rooting depths, and erosion in check. increased erodibility (Bruce and others, 1995; Frye Erosion-control measures generally provide a and others, 1982 and 1983; Hudson, 1994; Mokma protective cover of crop residue or vegetation, control and Sietz, 1992; Nizeyimana and Olson, 1988; runoff, and increase the rate of water infiltration. In Rhoton and Tyler, 1990). Fulton County, erosion is controlled mainly through a Erosion is especially harmful to soils that already combination of cultural and structural practices. have a layer in or below the subsoil that limits the Some of the more commonly used cultural depth of the root zone, such as the fragipan in practices include conservation tillage, no-till farming, Calloway, Grenada, and Loring soils. Once water- managing crop residue, crop rotations, contour

Figure 14.—A grassed waterway in an area of Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded. Where slopes are gentle, establishing a persistent, perennial sod, such as fescue, along natural drainageways helps to control rill and gully erosion. 144 Soil Survey

farming, and using cover crops. Conservation tillage, soybean cyst nematode populations. Diversified which includes no-till plantings, minimum tillage, strip farms that have livestock requiring pasture and hay tillage, and chisel plowing is very common in the can reap even greater benefits by including forage county. Minimizing tillage and leaving crop residue on crops of grasses and legumes in the cropping rotation the surface help to absorb the impact of rainfall, system. thereby reducing runoff and increasing the rate of Contour farming and contour stripcropping can be water infiltration and trapping of soil particles. In the used on fields that have smooth, uniform slopes. more sloping areas used for producing corn or These practices are most practical and effective on soybeans, no-till farming is effective in helping to keep the Grenada, Calloway, and Loring soils that occur erosion in check (see fig. 4, page 16). Maintaining within General Soil Map Units 9, 10, 11, and 12 in this crop residue on the soil surface improves the water publication. balance within the soil, which is generally the yield- In some areas, structural practices are needed to limiting factor with most upland soils in the county. effectively control rill and gully erosion. Parallel Crop rotations that alternate cultivated crops from terraces with pipe outlets are effective in controlling year-to-year help to control erosion. This cultural erosion by breaking up slope lengths and diverting practice is used quite extensively on the loess surface runoff to safe outlets. They generally can be uplands in Fulton County via a corn-wheat-soybean farmed more easily than contour terraces. rotation. This system allows farmers to produce three In less sloping areas, grassed waterways may be crops within a two-year period. In addition to the used to control surface runoff and prevent rill and erosion control benefits, nitrogen fertilizer efficiency is gully erosion. Small, natural drainageways are the improved along with a significant suppression of best sites for grassed waterways (fig. 14). Grassed

Figure 15a.—A cattle panel grade-stabilization structure during a runoff event. This type of structure helps stabilize outlets for natural drainageways into larger streams and creeks. Fulton County, Kentucky 145

waterways are efficient and generally quite River flood plain, most of the problem areas occur on economical. Properly installed, they can be easily depressional, slackwater areas away from the crossed by farm machinery. Livestock panels and Mississippi River channel. rock chutes are sometimes used in conjunction with a The design of both surface and subsurface grassed waterway to stabilize outlets that contain a drainage systems varies with the kind of soil. sudden change in elevation (fig. 15a and fig. 15b). Subsurface drainage systems work well in silty soils, These measures have a demonstrated need and use such as Convent, Falaya, and Waverly soils, that in preventing excessive rill and gully erosion in areas have a good outlet to a stream or an open ditch. having a particularly high volume of overland flow. Conversely, they do not work well in heavy textured Information about the design and application of soils, such as Keyespoint, Kurk, Mhoon, Openlake, erosion-control measures for each kind of soil in the Routon, Sharkey, or Tunica soils, in which water county is available at the local Natural Resources moves slowly through the soil. Surface drains are Conservation Service office. generally more effective on these slowly permeable Excessive wetness resulting from poor internal soil soils and should be installed at closer intervals. Other drainage is a management concern on about 9 somewhat poorly drained soils, such as Calloway percent of the acreage in Fulton County. Soils that soils, have a hard, compact fragipan in the subsoil. have a seasonal high water table need an adequate The fragipan limits the depth to which tile drains will drainage system to reduce wetness during the spring. function properly; therefore, surface ditches are more Much of this acreage occurs along Bayou de Chien, commonly used to improve drainage on most areas of Little Bayou de Chien, and the mouth of Mud Creek, these soils. which drain the loess uplands. On the Mississippi The poorly drained soils in the survey area are the

Figure 15b.—The runoff has subsided on the cattle panel grade-stabilization structure following the runoff event illustrated on the previous page. 146 Soil Survey

Mhoon, Roellen, Routon, Sharkey, Tunica, and structure and increases the degree of compaction and Waverly soils. Adequate drainage is a major factor in resulting bulk density, even below the surface layer. managing crops and/or pasture on these soils. Areas The clayey surface texture of many soils on the that have previously been cleared and are currently bottomlands along the Mississippi River makes tillage used for agricultural production can maintain the difficult. These soils are often referred to locally as current drainage system in order to continue row-crop ”gumbo.” Some particular examples include production or pasture/hayland use. Management of Bondurant, Bowdre, Keyespoint, Openlake, Roellen, drainage to conform with regulations influencing Sharkey, and Tunica soils. The clayey surface layer of wetlands may require special permits and extra these soils results in high draft for tillage implements, planning. makes preparation of a good seedbed difficult, and Flooding is a potential limiting factor to crop hinders seedling emergence. Extremely hard clods production on about 33,200 acres in Fulton County. form if these soils are not plowed at the correct The largest acreage occurs on portions of the moisture content. This difficulty in preparing a Mississippi River flood plain not protected by levees, seedbed often results in poor stands. In some years such as the Upper Bottom and Madrid Bend below fall plowing to expose the soil to freezing and thawing the escarpment. In addition, the lower reaches of and to wetting and drying will improve soil tilth Bayou de Chien, Little Bayou de Chien, Mud Creek, (fig. 16). However, this practice may not be and Rush Creek all experience frequent flooding. economically feasible if the high fuel and equipment Flooding occurs mostly late in the winter and costs involved in plowing this heavy textured soil are during the spring months (see fig. 8, page 66). The considered. duration of flooding ranges from several days to These clayey soils also tend to form hard, several weeks, and a few areas remain flooded until compacted plow pans beneath the plow layer if they early in the summer. Flooding severely reduces the are worked over long periods with heavy equipment. effective growing season, which in turn, reduces the These plow pans restrict root growth and water variety of crops that can be grown. In many areas, the infiltration. During farming operations, if heavy selection of crops is limited to soybeans or grain equipment is moved across moist soil many times sorghum. Little can be done to overcome the hazard during the year, the formation of a plow pan tends to of flooding. The frequency and duration of flooding accelerate. These operations should be limited or should be considered before an attempt is made to consolidated, especially on wet soils, to reduce the cultivate areas that are subject to flooding since some formation of plow pans. Practices that increase land cannot be profitably farmed with any crop. organic matter content, such as spreading and Drainage ditches help to remove excess water from incorporating crop residue into the soil rather than low areas after the rivers overflow. Before drainage burning it, help to prevent the formation of plow pans. projects are undertaken regulations concerning A crop production system geared toward drainage should be checked. systematic additions and management of crop Soil tilth is an important factor on cropland, residue, poultry or other animal manures, along with primarily because of its influence on seed germination other organic material, can improve soil structure and and the infiltration of water into the soil. Soils that minimize surface crusting. Organic material is also an have good tilth are granular and porous. In the important source of nitrogen for crops, and it uplands, most soils used for cultivated crops have a increases crop tolerance for certain selective silt loam surface layer that is low in organic matter herbicides. Increasing surface soil organic matter will content. Examples are Calloway, Feliciana, Grenada, improve rainfall infiltration rates and increase the Loring, and Memphis soils. Generally, tilling these amount of water available for crops. Such a system is soils weakens the soil structure and increases the critical to sustaining yields on eroded soils, such as degree of compaction and the extent of surface those occurring on the loess uplands in Fulton crusting. County. In today’s technologically advanced Somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained soils agriculture, the ability of the soil to store water for on the bottomlands draining the loess uplands are crop use between significant precipitation events is, in particularly susceptible to excessive compaction most cases, the yield-limiting factor. when repeatedly worked under wet conditions. Such Supplemental irrigation is used on approximately soils as Convent, Falaya, Mhoon, and Waverly soils 2,500 acres in Fulton County (USDA, 1997a), and its are high in silt content and have low soil strength. application is increasing on areas of nearly level to Repeated trips across these soils with heavy tillage gently sloping cropland. Most irrigation is applied to equipment when they are too wet destroys soil the Bondurant, Commerce, Convent, Robinsonville, Fulton County, Kentucky 147

Figure 16.—A significant acreage of soils on the Mississippi River flood plain, such as the Keyespoint soil as shown here, contain a high clay content in the surface layer, which reduces soil tilth and narrows the range of optimal workability. and Ware soils on the Mississippi River flood plain in for optimum plant growth. A soil pH between 6.4 and the Lower Bottom (see fig. 12, page 135). Water is 6.8 is best suited for most commonly grown crops in obtained from shallow wells in the underlying alluvial Fulton County. aquifer. Ground water in the alluvium of the Most of the soils on the bottomlands along the Mississippi River valley is an abundant resource and Mississippi River are high in natural fertility and are could be economically applied to enhance crop moderately acid to mildly alkaline. These soils production via surface irrigation on a significantly generally test moderate to high in phosphate and larger acreage than is currently being utilized. potash; therefore, little or no phosphate or potash Most of the upland and bottomland soils in the needs to be added to most crops. In the Upper loess belt respond well to additions of fertilizer and Bottom, much of which receives annual additions of lime. Applications of nitrogen, phosphorus, and new sediment due to flooding, the pH ranges from potassium; ample rainfall; adequate weed control; neutral to slightly alkaline from the surface layer to a and other management practices are needed to depth of 5 feet or more. Therefore, soils in the Upper obtain maximum yields. The pH of these soils is Bottom do not require agricultural lime to neutralize normally strongly acid to neutral. In addition to the soil acidity. However, areas in the Lower Bottom and inherent acidity of these soils, applications of nitrogen Madrid Bend where corn and wheat are commonly fertilizers for corn and wheat production have an grown have soil pH values that rate as low as acidifying effect on the upper few inches of the soil moderately acid in the upper surface layers, due in profile. Periodic additions of ground agricultural lime large part to systematic applications of nitrogen are needed to maintain a favorable pH environment fertilizers. Periodic soil tests should be made to 148 Soil Survey

ensure that fertility and pH are maintained at optimum feed and are more digestible and nutritious than levels. grasses alone. Therefore, they should be used to the Additions of agricultural lime are most effective maximum extent possible. The taller legumes, such when incorporated into the upper 4 to 6 inches of the as alfalfa and red clover, are more versatile but less soil. Coarser textured soils, such as Robinsonville persistent than legumes that are used primarily for and Ware, need smaller amounts, but more frequent grazing, such as white clover. Grasses, such as applications, of lime than do finer textured soils, such orchardgrass and timothy, generally should be grown as Bardwell, Bondurant, Center, Commerce, for hay and silage. Grenada, Loring, and Openlake, in order to maintain In Kentucky, tall fescue is an important cool-season adequate pH levels. On all soils within the survey grass that is suited to a wide range of soil conditions. area, applications of lime and fertilizer should be It is grown for both pasture and hay. The growth that based on the results of soil tests, the specific needs of occurs from August to November should be permitted the crop, and the desired target yield level. to accumulate in the field and “stockpiled” for deferred grazing during late fall and early winter. Managing Pasture and Hayland A large percentage of Kentucky’s fescue has an According to the 1997 National Resources endophyte that causes lower animal performance in Inventory, about 5,600 acres in Fulton County is used beef production. Adding legumes, such as red clover for hay and pasture (USDA, 1997b). Approximately 29 or white clover, to fescue pastures helps to offset the percent of the total farm income in the county is problems caused by the endophyte by increasing derived from the sale of livestock or livestock yields, improving forage quality, reducing production products (Kentucky Agricultural Statistics Service, costs via nitrogen fixation, and alleviating the summer 2001). A successful livestock enterprise depends on a slump resulting from pure stands of cool-season forage program that can supply large quantities of grasses. Such improvements in a quality forage quality homegrown feed. A good forage program can program can be made during periodic pasture furnish as much as 78 percent of the feed required for renovations between the late winter and early spring beef cattle and 66 percent for dairy cattle (Evans and months. When an area is renovated, the sod is Lacefield, 1977). Most of the pasture and hayland in partially destroyed, lime and fertilizer are applied, and Fulton County support a mixture of grasses and desirable forage plants are seeded. legumes. Much of the hay is grown in rotation with Warm-season grasses are a complimentary pasture. addition to many quality western Kentucky forage The soils in the survey area vary widely in their programs. These grasses are planted from early April ability to produce forage because of differences in the to mid-June and provide extra forage during the depth to root limiting layers (e.g., fragipan), internal summer slump period commonly experienced with drainage, available water capacity, and other such cool-season grasses as tall fescue. They grow properties. Grasses and legumes and grass-legume well during warm periods, with the greatest growth combinations vary widely in their ability to persist and occurring from June to September when the cool- provide forage on different soils. season grasses are at their lowest production levels. The nearly level to sloping, very deep, well drained Some of the more common warm-season grasses are soils, such as Feliciana and Memphis soils, should be switchgrass, big bluestem, Eastern gamagrass, planted to the highest producing forage species. Such Hardie bermudagrass, indiangrass, and Caucasian species include alfalfa or a mixture of alfalfa and bluestem. orchardgrass or of alfalfa and timothy. Sod-forming Additional information on variety selection, grasses, such as tall fescue, are needed to minimize establishment techniques, or general pasture and erosion on the steeper soils. Moderately well drained hayland management is available at the local office of soils, such as Center and Grenada soils, are best the Cooperative Extension Service or Natural suited to clover-grass mixtures, or to pure stands of Resources Conservation Service. clover or grasses, depending on the intended need Yields per Acre and/or use. The forage species selected for planting should be The average yields per acre that can be expected those that are suited not only to the soil, but also to of the principal crops under a high level of the intended use. The forage species should provide management are shown in table 6. In any given year, maximum quality and versatility in the forage yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in program. Legumes generally produce higher quality the table because of variations in rainfall and other Fulton County, Kentucky 149

climatic factors. The land capability classification of Capability classes, the broadest groups, are map units in the survey area also is shown in the designated by the numbers 1 through 8. The numbers table. indicate progressively greater limitations and The yields are based mainly on the experience and narrower choices for practical use. The classes are records of farmers, conservationists, and extension defined as follows: agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and Class 1 soils have slight limitations that restrict results of field trials and demonstrations also are their use. considered. Class 2 soils have moderate limitations that restrict The management needed to obtain the indicated the choice of plants or that require moderate yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil conservation practices. and the crop. Management can include drainage, Class 3 soils have severe limitations that restrict erosion control, and protection from flooding; the the choice of plants or that require special proper planting and seeding rates; suitable high- conservation practices, or both. yielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage; Class 4 soils have very severe limitations that control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects; restrict the choice of plants or that require very careful favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen, management, or both. phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each Class 5 soils are subject to little or no erosion but crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure, have other limitations, impractical to remove, that and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures restrict their use mainly to pasture, rangeland, the smallest possible loss. forestland, or wildlife habitat. The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity Class 6 soils have severe limitations that make of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are them generally unsuitable for cultivation and that likely to increase as new production technology is restrict their use mainly to pasture, rangeland, developed. The productivity of a given soil compared forestland, or wildlife habitat. with that of other soils, however, is not likely to Class 7 soils have very severe limitations that change. make them unsuitable for cultivation and that restrict Crops other than those shown in the table are their use mainly to grazing, forestland, or wildlife grown in the survey area, but estimated yields are not habitat. listed because the acreage of such crops is small. Class 8 soils and miscellaneous areas have The local office of the Natural Resources limitations that preclude commercial plant production Conservation Service or of the Cooperative Extension and that restrict their use to recreational purposes, Service can provide information about the wildlife habitat, watershed, or esthetic purposes. management and productivity of the soils for those Capability subclasses are soil groups within one crops. class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e, w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for example, 2e. The Land Capability Classification letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of Land capability classification shows, in a general erosion unless close-growing plant cover is way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field maintained; w shows that water in or on the soil crops. Crops that require special management are interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some excluded. The soils are grouped according to their soils the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial limitations for field crops, the risk of damage if they drainage); s shows that the soil is limited mainly are used for crops, and the way they respond to because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c, used management. The criteria used in grouping the soils in only some parts of the United States, shows that do not include major and generally expensive the chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very landforming that would change slope, depth, or other dry. characteristics of the soils, nor do they include In class 1 there are no subclasses because the possible but unlikely major reclamation projects. soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5 Capability classification is not a substitute for contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c interpretations designed to show suitability and because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no limitations of groups of soils for rangeland, for erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their forestland, or for engineering purposes. use to pasture, rangeland, forestland, wildlife habitat, In the capability system, soils are generally or recreation. grouped at three levels—capability class, subclass, The acreage of soils in each capability class or and unit. subclass is shown in table 7. The capability 150 Soil Survey

classification of map units in this survey area is given the production of trees. Trees grow fast and produce in the section “Detailed Soil Map Units” and in the high yields of good quality timber if the woodlands are yields table. properly managed. Good management can improve tree growth, stocking, and quality of the stands. Forest Productivity and Management Removing low quality trees in fully stocked and understocked stands, along with regenerating Forest land makes up about 27,700 acres, or 20 sawtimber stands after harvest, are good percent, of the land area in Fulton County (USDA, management practices. 1997b). The county is part of the Western Mesophytic The wood industry in the county consists of two Forest region of Kentucky, a transitional area in which sawmills that produce rough lumber, crossties, oaks are dominant. Most of the larger continuous hardwood construction dimension stock, hardwood tracts of woodland occur on the Bayou de Chien flood chips, and slabs. Most of the pulpwood and wood plain and lower reaches of Little Bayou de Chien; the chips produced in Fulton County are shipped to the loess bluff along the eastern edge of the Mississippi MeadWestvaco Corporation in Ballard County for use River flood plain; Island Number 8; the northern in the paper industry. extension of Reelfoot Lake wildlife management area The tables in this section can help forest owners or near the Tennessee line between Kentucky highways managers plan the use of soils for wood crops. They 94 and 311; and between the levee and the show the potential productivity of the soils for wood Mississippi River channel in the Lower Bottom. The crops and rate the soils according to the limitations areas remaining in woodland in Fulton County are that affect various aspects of forest management. mostly too steep, too wet, or too inaccessible for Forest Productivity farming to be practical. Oak-hickory is the major forest type in Fulton In table 8, the potential productivity of County followed by the elm-ash-red maple forest type merchantable or common trees on a soil is expressed (Alerich, 1990). The characteristic trees on the loess as a site index and as a volume number. The site uplands are southern red oak, white oak, red maple, index is the average height, in feet, that dominant and sugar maple, yellow-poplar, black oak, and hickory. codominant trees of a given species attain in a Bottomlands draining the loess uplands are specified number of years. The site index applies to dominated by sweetgum, red maple, cherrybark oak, fully stocked, even-aged, unmanaged stands. green ash, shagbark hickory, American sycamore, Commonly grown trees are those that forest American elm, box elder, and pin oak. Bottomlands of managers generally favor in intermediate or the Mississippi River flood plain consist of eastern improvement cuttings. They are selected on the basis cottonwood, American elm, American sycamore, of growth rate, quality, value, and marketability green ash, baldcypress, sweetgum, willow oak, box (Applequist, 1959; Beck, 1962; Broadfoot, 1960, elder, sugarberry, and pecan. The wettest areas of the 1963, and 1964; Broadfoot and Krinard, 1959; Coile flood plain are dominated by baldcypress and water and Schumacher, 1953; Kinsley and Powell, 1978; tupelo. Nelson and others, 1961; Olson, 1959; Smalley, Loblolly pine and shortleaf pine have been planted 1991; USDA, 1976). More detailed information on several small tracts containing severely eroded regarding site index is available in the “National soils and gullied areas. The trees that occur on such Forestry Manual,” which is available in local offices of areas have, in many instances, reached pulpwood the Natural Resources Conservation Service or on size, and some trees can be used as poles or pilings. the Internet. Eastern redcedar and thickets of black locust The volume of wood fiber, a number, is the yield dominate some of the older, abandoned fields within likely to be produced by the most important tree the survey area. species. This number, expressed as cubic feet per Farmers and individual landowners own the vast acre per year and calculated at the age of culmination majority of all woodland in Fulton County. A significant of the mean annual increment (CMAI), indicates the acreage of fertile soils on the Mississippi River flood amount of fiber produced in a fully stocked, even- plain in the Upper Bottom north of Hickman is aged, unmanaged stand. presently owned and being managed for growing Trees to manage are those that are preferred for trees by the MeadWestvaco Corporation (see fig. 10, planting, seeding, or natural regeneration and those page 119). These trees will eventually be used as that remain in the stand after thinning or partial wood fiber in the paper industry. harvest. In most woodland areas, the soils are well suited to Fulton County, Kentucky 151

Forest Management slight indicates that no significant limitations affect construction activities, moderate indicates that one or In tables 9a, 9b, 9c, and 9d, interpretive ratings are more limitations can cause some difficulty in given for various aspects of forest management. The construction, and severe indicates that one or more ratings are both verbal and numerical. limitations can make construction very difficult or very Some rating class terms indicate the degree to costly. which the soils are suited to a specified forest The ratings of suitability for log landings are based management practice. Well suited indicates that the on slope, rock fragments on the surface, plasticity soil has features that are favorable for the specified index, content of sand, the Unified classification, practice and has no limitations. Good performance depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, and the can be expected, and little or no maintenance is hazard of soil slippage. The soils are described as needed. Moderately suited indicates that the soil has well suited, moderately suited, or poorly suited to use features that are moderately favorable for the as log landings. specified practice. One or more soil properties are Ratings in the column soil rutting hazard are based less than desirable, and fair performance can be on depth to a water table, rock fragments on or below expected. Some maintenance is needed. Poorly the surface, the Unified classification, depth to a suited indicates that the soil has one or more restrictive layer, and slope. Ruts form as a result of properties that are unfavorable for the specified the operation of forest equipment. The hazard is practice. Overcoming the unfavorable properties described as slight, moderate, or severe. A rating of requires special design, extra maintenance, and slight indicates that the soil is subject to little or no costly alteration. Unsuited indicates that the expected rutting, moderate indicates that rutting is likely, and performance of the soil is unacceptable for the severe indicates that ruts form readily. specified practice or that extreme measures are Ratings in the column hazard of off-road or off-trail needed to overcome the undesirable soil properties. erosion are based on slope and on soil erodibility Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity factor K. The soil loss is caused by sheet or rill of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as erosion in off-road or off-trail areas where 50 to 75 decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They percent of the surface has been exposed by logging, indicate gradations between the point at which a soil grazing, mining, or other kinds of disturbance. The feature has the greatest negative impact on the hazard is described as slight, moderate, severe, or specified forest management practice (1.00) and the very severe. A rating of slight indicates that erosion is point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00). unlikely under ordinary climatic conditions; moderate Rating class terms for fire damage and seedling indicates that some erosion is likely and that erosion- mortality are expressed as low, moderate, and high. control measures may be needed; severe indicates Where these terms are used, the numerical ratings that erosion is very likely and that erosion-control indicate gradations between the point at which the measures, including revegetation of bare areas, are potential for fire damage or seedling mortality is advised; and very severe indicates that significant highest (1.00) and the point at which the potential is erosion is expected, loss of soil productivity and off- lowest (0.00). site damage are likely, and erosion-control measures The paragraphs that follow indicate the soil are costly and generally impractical. properties considered in rating the soils for forest Ratings in the column hazard of erosion on roads management practices. More detailed information and trails are based on the soil erodibility factor K, about the criteria used in the ratings is available in the slope, and content of rock fragments. The ratings “National Forestry Manual,” which is available in local apply to unsurfaced roads and trails. The hazard is offices of the Natural Resources Conservation described as slight, moderate, or severe. A rating of Service or on the Internet (http:// slight indicates that little or no erosion is likely; nsscnt.nssc.nrcs.usda.gov/nfm/). moderate indicates that some erosion is likely, that For limitations affecting construction of haul roads the roads or trails may require occasional and log landings, the ratings are based on slope, maintenance; and that simple erosion-control flooding, permafrost, plasticity index, the hazard of measures are needed; and severe indicates that soil slippage, content of sand, the Unified significant erosion is expected, that the roads or trails classification, rock fragments on or below the surface, require frequent maintenance, and that costly depth to a restrictive layer that is indurated, depth to a erosion-control measures are needed. water table, and ponding. The limitations are Ratings in the column suitability for roads (natural described as slight, moderate, or severe. A rating of surface) are based on slope, rock fragments on the 152 Soil Survey

surface, plasticity index, content of sand, the Unified for waterfowl hunting in the winter. A little more than classification, depth to a water table, ponding, 2,000 acres of the Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge flooding, and the hazard of soil slippage. The ratings exists in Fulton County and is home to a variety of indicate the suitability for using the natural surface of waterfowl and wetland wildlife. the soil for roads. The soils are described as well Other outdoor recreational facilities are available, suited, moderately suited, or poorly suited to this use. such as golf courses, picnic and sports areas, and Ratings in the columns suitability for hand planting community parks. and suitability for mechanical planting are based on The soils of the survey area are rated in tables 10a slope, depth to a restrictive layer, content of sand, and 10b according to limitations that affect their plasticity index, rock fragments on or below the suitability for recreation. The ratings are both verbal surface, depth to a water table, and ponding. The and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent soils are described as well suited, moderately suited, to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features poorly suited, or unsuited to these methods of that affect the recreational uses. Not limited indicates planting. It is assumed that necessary site preparation that the soil has features that are very favorable for is completed before seedlings are planted. the specified use. Good performance and very low Ratings in the column suitability for use of maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited harvesting equipment are based on slope, rock indicates that the soil has features that are fragments on the surface, plasticity index, content of moderately favorable for the specified use. The sand, the Unified classification, depth to a water table, limitations can be overcome or minimized by special and ponding. The soils are described as well suited, planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and moderately suited, or poorly suited to this use. moderate maintenance can be expected. Very limited Ratings in the column suitability for mechanical site indicates that the soil has one or more features that preparation (surface) are based on slope, depth to a are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations restrictive layer, plasticity index, rock fragments on or generally cannot be overcome without major soil below the surface, depth to a water table, and reclamation, special design, or expensive installation ponding. The soils are described as well suited, procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance poorly suited, or unsuited to this management activity. can be expected. The part of the soil from the surface to a depth of Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity about 1 foot is considered in the ratings. of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as Ratings in the column suitability for mechanical site decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They preparation (deep) are based on slope, depth to a indicate gradations between the point at which a soil restrictive layer, rock fragments on or below the feature has the greatest negative impact on the use surface, depth to a water table, and ponding. The (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a soils are described as well suited, poorly suited, or limitation (0.00). unsuited to this management activity. The part of the The ratings in the tables are based on restrictive soil from the surface to a depth of about 3 feet is soil features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of considered in the ratings. the surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered. Not considered in the ratings, but Recreation important in evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of the area, the size and shape of the Hunting and fishing are the more common outdoor area and its scenic quality, vegetation, access to recreational activities in Fulton County. Abundant crop water, potential water impoundment sites, and access fields, meadows, and wooded areas provide habitat to public sewer lines. The capacity of the soil to for a variety of game. Wooded areas provide good absorb septic tank effluent and the ability of the soil to habitat for deer, squirrel, and wild turkey. Some support vegetation also are important. Soils that are landowners lease such areas to individuals in subject to flooding are limited for recreational uses by exchange for the right to hunt upland game, primarily the duration and intensity of flooding and the season deer. Crop fields and meadows provide excellent when flooding occurs. In planning recreational habitat for quail, mourning dove, rabbit, and deer. facilities, onsite assessment of the height, duration, Approximately 37 miles of the Mississippi River intensity, and frequency of flooding is essential. flow along the western periphery of the county, The information in the tables can be supplemented providing more than 12,000 acres of water for fishing by other information in this survey, for example, and recreation. The bottomland areas of the interpretations for building site development, Mississippi River flyway in Fulton County are popular Fulton County, Kentucky 153

construction materials, sanitary facilities, and water properties that affect the growth of plants are depth to management. bedrock or a cemented pan, permeability, and toxic Camp areas require site preparation, such as substances in the soil. shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas, Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and should require little or no slope modification through installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp cutting and filling. The ratings are based on the soil areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some properties that affect trafficability and erodibility. vehicular traffic. The ratings are based on the soil These properties are stoniness, depth to a water properties that affect the ease of developing camp table, ponding, flooding, slope, and texture of the areas and the performance of the areas after surface layer. development. Slope, stoniness, and depth to bedrock Off-road motorcycle trails require little or no site or a cemented pan are the main concerns affecting preparation. They are not covered with surfacing the development of camp areas. The soil properties material or vegetation. Considerable compaction of that affect the performance of the areas after the soil material is likely. The ratings are based on the development are those that influence trafficability and soil properties that influence erodibility, trafficability, promote the growth of vegetation, especially in dustiness, and the ease of revegetation. These heavily used areas. For good trafficability, the surface properties are stoniness, slope, depth to a water of camp areas should absorb rainfall readily, remain table, ponding, flooding, and texture of the surface firm under heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when layer. dry. The soil properties that influence trafficability are Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and texture of the surface layer, depth to a water table, some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be ponding, flooding, permeability, and large stones. The required. Irrigation is not considered in the ratings. soil properties that affect the growth of plants are The ratings are based on the soil properties that depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, permeability, affect plant growth and trafficability after vegetation is and toxic substances in the soil. established. The properties that affect plant growth Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most are reaction; depth to a water table; ponding; depth to vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and bedrock or a cemented pan; the available water parking areas. The ratings are based on the soil capacity in the upper 40 inches; the content of salts, properties that affect the ease of developing picnic sodium, or calcium carbonate; and sulfidic materials. areas and that influence trafficability and the growth of The properties that affect trafficability are flooding, vegetation after development. Slope and stoniness depth to a water table, ponding, slope, stoniness, and are the main concerns affecting the development of the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the picnic areas. For good trafficability, the surface of surface layer. The suitability of the soil for traps, tees, picnic areas should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm roughs, and greens is not considered in the ratings. under heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil properties that influence trafficability are Wildlife Habitat texture of the surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, permeability, and large stones. The J. Mason Howell, state biologist, Natural Resources soil properties that affect the growth of plants are Conservation Service, helped prepare this section. depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in the soil. Fulton County is divided approximately in half Playgrounds require soils that are nearly level, are between upland areas and alluvial areas associated free of stones, and can withstand intensive foot traffic. with flood plains and stream terraces. Upland areas The ratings are based on the soil properties that include cropland, pastureland, old fields, and affect the ease of developing playgrounds and that woodland habitats. These habitats, in combination, influence trafficability and the growth of vegetation result in diverse wildlife fauna including game after development. Slope and stoniness are the main animals, such as cottontail rabbits, bobwhite quail, concerns affecting the development of playgrounds. white-tailed deer, eastern wild turkey, gray squirrel, For good trafficability, the surface of the playgrounds fox squirrel, and morning dove. Other species include should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under red fox, gray fox, coyote, raccoon, opossum, mink, heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil beaver, skunk, and numerous migratory and properties that influence trafficability are texture of the nonmigratory songbirds. surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, Flood plain and terrace habitats were historically flooding, permeability, and large stones. The soil dominated by bottomland hardwoods. Much of these 154 Soil Survey

Figure 17.—Old sloughs on the Mississippi River flood plain are important components of wetland wildlife and waterfowl habitat. forested areas were inundated for different periods cropland in the county. Besides waterfowl, bottomland and depths throughout the year. Herbaceous forests within the county host many reptiles and wetlands and open water sloughs were also integral amphibians, including the rare bird-voiced tree frog components to the flood plain and stream terrace and the broad-banded water snake. Neotropical habitats in the county (fig. 17). Today, these areas are migratory songbirds, including the prothonotary composed primarily of cropland interspersed with warbler as well as nonmigratory songbirds like the bottomland hardwood forests. These forested areas pileated woodpecker, rely upon the diverse vegetation and their associated seasonally to semi-permanently and associated insect life of the bottomland forest to flooded areas provide crucial habitat for wetland provide cover and food. dependent species. Migratory and nonmigratory Federally listed threatened and endangered waterfowl, including numerous duck and geese species that preside in the county include the bald species, wading birds, and shorebirds, utilize the eagle and the interior least tern. While some bald shallow water areas, flooded woodland, and flooded eagles do nest in the county, most eagles migrate into Fulton County, Kentucky 155

the county during the winter months. The interior least difficult and must be intensive. A rating of very poor tern searches out sandbars on islands in the indicates that restrictions for the element or kind of Mississippi River during the spring and summer habitat are very severe and that unsatisfactory results nesting season. can be expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining Conservation practices that benefit habitat for habitat is impractical or impossible. upland wildlife species in general include shrub and The elements of wildlife habitat are described in hard mast tree plantings, preservation of den trees, the following paragraphs. native and wildlife-friendly introduced grass plantings, Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and field borders, filter strips, wildlife corridors, wildlife seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties watering holes, and management practices, such as and features that affect the growth of grain and seed strip disking and mowing. Bottomland habitats can be crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the improved by restoring, creating, or enhancing surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, wetlands, planting hard mast bottomland hardwoods, slope, surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil establishing riparian buffers, and constructing shallow temperature and soil moisture also are water areas for wildlife. considerations. Examples of grain and seed crops are The above practices should be selected based on corn, wheat, oats, and barley. the species of management concern, topography, Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial landscape position, and soils. Soils as impacted by grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties topography and landscape position affect the kind and features that affect the growth of grasses and and amount of vegetation that is available as food legumes are depth of the root zone, texture of the and cover for wildlife. Soil type also determines the surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, types of conservation practices that will be beneficial surface stoniness, flooding, and slope. Soil to wildlife. Soil interpretations for wildlife provide temperature and soil moisture also are beneficial information on the placement and considerations. Examples of grasses and legumes applicability of certain conservation practices that are fescue, lovegrass, bromegrass, clover, and improve habitat. alfalfa. Soils also affect the construction of water Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally impoundments. The kind and abundance of wildlife established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil depend largely on the amount and distribution of food, properties and features that affect the growth of these cover, and water. Wildlife habitat can be created or plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the improved by planting appropriate vegetation, by surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, maintaining the existing plant cover, or by promoting surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and the natural establishment of desirable plants. soil moisture also are considerations. Examples of In table 11, the soils in Fulton County are rated wild herbaceous plants are bluestem, goldenrod, according to their potential for providing habitat for beggarweed, wheatgrass, and grama. various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used Hardwood trees and woody understory produce in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas, nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the that are suitable for establishing, improving, or growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and root zone, available water capacity, and wetness. in determining the intensity of management needed Examples of these plants are oak, poplar, cherry, for each element of the habitat. sweetgum, apple, hawthorn, dogwood, hickory, The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or blackberry, and blueberry. Examples of fruit-producing very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element shrubs that are suitable for planting on soils rated or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or good are Russian-olive, autumn-olive, and crabapple. maintained. Few or no limitations affect management, Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of properties and features that affect the growth of fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth be established, improved, or maintained in most of the root zone, available water capacity, and places. Moderately intensive management is required wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine, for satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that spruce, fir, cedar, and juniper. limitations are severe for the designated element or Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites. maintained in most places, but management is Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded. 156 Soil Survey

Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants standard. Trained professionals from the Kentucky are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction, Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Kentucky salinity, slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of Agricultural Extension Service, or the Natural wetland plants are smartweed, wild millet, wildrice, Resources Conservation Service also provide saltgrass, cordgrass, rushes, sedges, and reeds. technical assistance in planning or applying wildlife Shallow water areas have an average depth of less management practices. than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are created by dams, levees, or other water-control Engineering structures. Soil properties and features affecting shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness, This section provides information for planning land surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples uses related to urban development and to water of shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl management. Soils are rated for various uses, and feeding areas, and ponds. the most limiting features are identified. Ratings are The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described given for building site development, sanitary facilities, in the following paragraphs. construction materials, and water management. The Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland, ratings are based on observed performance of the pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with soils and on the data in the tables described under grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas the heading “Soil Properties.” produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes, Information in this section is intended for land use and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for areas include bobwhite quail, pheasant, meadowlark, planning site investigations prior to design and field sparrow, cottontail, and red fox. construction. The information, however, has Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of limitations. For example, estimates and other data deciduous and/or coniferous plants and associated generally apply only to that part of the soil between grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous plants. the surface and a depth of 5 to 7 feet. Because of the Wildlife attracted to these areas include wild turkey, map scale, small areas of different soils may be ruffed grouse, woodcock, thrushes, woodpeckers, included within the mapped areas of a specific soil. squirrels, gray fox, raccoon, deer, and bear. The information is not site specific and does not Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils marshy or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced wildlife attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, in the design and construction of engineering works. herons, shore birds, muskrat, mink, and beaver. Government ordinances and regulations that Land used for cropland, pastureland, or woodland restrict certain land uses or impose specific design also furnishes quality habitat for many wildlife species criteria were not considered in preparing the when best management practices are applied. information in this section. Local ordinances and Practices that improve habitat on cropland, regulations should be considered in planning, in site pastureland, and hayland include filter strips, riparian selection, and in design. buffers, field borders, grassed waterways, crop Soil properties, site features, and observed rotation, crop residue management, strip mowing and performance were considered in determining the disking, prescribed grazing, and leaving small areas ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil of unharvested grain next to good cover. survey, determinations were made about particle-size Woodland management practices that are distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction, beneficial to wildlife include selective clearing and depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 to 7 thinning, edge feathering, planting grasses and feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a water legumes on pipeline right-of-ways, firebreaks, open table, ponding, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural areas, and protecting den trees and quality mast- soil structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were producing trees. collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of Conservation practice selection should be made the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed based on the habitat needs of the wildlife to be cations. Estimates were made for erodibility, managed. For detailed information regarding wildlife permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential, habitat management see the Natural Resources available water capacity, and other behavioral Conservation Service Upland Wildlife Habitat characteristics affecting engineering uses. Management (645) practice standard and the This information can be used to evaluate the Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management (644) practice potential of areas for residential, commercial, Fulton County, Kentucky 157

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a estimates of construction conditions; evaluate limitation (0.00). alternative routes for roads, streets, highways, Dwellings are single-family houses of three stories pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate or less. For dwellings without basements, the alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate depth of 2 feet or at the depth of maximum frost potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil; penetration, whichever is deeper. For dwellings with plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds, basements, the foundation is assumed to consist of terraces, and other structures for soil and water spread footings of reinforced concrete built on conservation; and predict performance of proposed undisturbed soil at a depth of about 7 feet. The ratings small structures and pavements by comparing the for dwellings are based on the soil properties that performance of existing similar structures on the affect the capacity of the soil to support a load without same or similar soils. movement and on the properties that affect The information in the tables, along with the soil excavation and construction costs. The properties maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided that affect the load-supporting capacity include depth in this survey, can be used to make additional to a water table, ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear interpretations. extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a compressibility. Compressibility is inferred from the special meaning in soil science and are defined in the Unified classification. The properties that affect the Glossary. ease and amount of excavation include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, slope, depth to Building Site Development bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a Soil properties influence the development of cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock building sites, including the selection of the site, the fragments. design of the structure, construction, performance Small commercial buildings are structures that are after construction, and maintenance. Tables 12a and less than three stories high and do not have 12b show the degree and kind of soil limitations that basements. The foundation is assumed to consist of affect dwellings with and without basements, small spread footings of reinforced concrete built on commercial buildings, local roads and streets, shallow undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of excavations, and lawns and landscaping. maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. The The ratings in the tables are both verbal and ratings are based on the soil properties that affect the numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to capacity of the soil to support a load without which the soils are limited by all of the soil features movement and on the properties that affect that affect building site development. Not limited excavation and construction costs. The properties indicates that the soil has features that are very that affect the load-supporting capacity include depth favorable for the specified use. Good performance to a water table, ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear and very low maintenance can be expected. extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features compressibility (which is inferred from the Unified that are moderately favorable for the specified use. classification). The properties that affect the ease and The limitations can be overcome or minimized by amount of excavation include flooding, depth to a special planning, design, or installation. Fair water table, ponding, slope, depth to bedrock or a performance and moderate maintenance can be cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one pan, and the amount and size of rock fragments. or more features that are unfavorable for the specified Local roads and streets have an all-weather use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome surface and carry automobile and light truck traffic all without major soil reclamation, special design, or year. They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; expensive installation procedures. Poor performance a base of gravel, crushed rock, or soil material and high maintenance can be expected. stabilized by lime or cement; and a surface of flexible Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity material (asphalt), rigid material (concrete), or gravel of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as with a binder. The ratings are based on the soil decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They properties that affect the ease of excavation and indicate gradations between the point at which a soil grading and the traffic-supporting capacity. The feature has the greatest negative impact on the use properties that affect the ease of excavation and 158 Soil Survey

grading are depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, depth to a these uses. Not limited indicates that the soil has water table, ponding, flooding, the amount of large features that are very favorable for the specified use. stones, and slope. The properties that affect the Good performance and very low maintenance can be traffic-supporting capacity are soil strength (as expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil inferred from the AASHTO group index number), has features that are moderately favorable for the subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell specified use. The limitations can be overcome or potential), the potential for frost action, depth to a minimized by special planning, design, or installation. water table, and ponding. Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for graves, utility lines, or more features that are unfavorable for the specified open ditches, or other purposes. The ratings are use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome based on the soil properties that influence the ease of without major soil reclamation, special design, or digging and the resistance to sloughing. Depth to expensive installation procedures. Poor performance bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a and high maintenance can be expected. cemented pan, the amount of large stones, and Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity dense layers influence the ease of digging, filling, and of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as compacting. Depth to the seasonal high water table, decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They flooding, and ponding may restrict the period when indicate gradations between the point at which a soil excavations can be made. Slope influences the ease feature has the greatest negative impact on the use of using machinery. Soil texture, depth to the water (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a table, and linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential) limitation (0.00). influence the resistance to sloughing. Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that and maintained. Irrigation is not considered in the part of the soil between depths of 24 and 60 inches is ratings. The ratings are based on the soil properties evaluated. The ratings are based on the soil that affect plant growth and trafficability after properties that affect absorption of the effluent, vegetation is established. The properties that affect construction and maintenance of the system, and plant growth are reaction; depth to a water table; public health. Permeability, depth to a water table, ponding; depth to bedrock or a cemented pan; the ponding, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, and available water capacity in the upper 40 inches; the flooding affect absorption of the effluent. Stones and content of salts, sodium, or calcium carbonate; and boulders, ice, and bedrock or a cemented pan sulfidic materials. The properties that affect interfere with installation. Subsidence interferes with trafficability are flooding, depth to a water table, installation and maintenance. Excessive slope may ponding, slope, stoniness, and the amount of sand, cause lateral seepage and surfacing of the effluent in clay, or organic matter in the surface layer. downslope areas. Some soils are underlain by loose sand and gravel Sanitary Facilities or fractured bedrock at a depth of less than 4 feet Favorable soil properties and site features are below the distribution lines. In these soils the needed for proper functioning of septic tank absorption field may not adequately filter the effluent, absorption fields, sewage lagoons, and sanitary particularly when the system is new. As a result, the landfills. Soil physical properties are particularly ground water may become contaminated. important in selecting sites for these facilities. Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to Identifying the limiting soil properties and site features hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the are critical to ensuring proper design and installation solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly of such facilities. Also, those soil properties that affect level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments ease of excavation or installation of these facilities will of compacted soil. Nearly impervious soil material for be of interest to contractors and local officials. the lagoon floor and sides is required to minimize Table 13 shows the degree and kind of soil seepage and contamination of ground water. limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields, Considered in the ratings are slope, permeability, sewage lagoons, sanitary landfills, and daily cover for depth to a water table, ponding, depth to bedrock or a landfill. The ratings are both verbal and numerical. cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the organic matter. Fulton County, Kentucky 159

Soil permeability is a critical property affecting the difficult to place as a uniformly thick cover over a layer suitability for sewage lagoons. Most porous soils of refuse. eventually become sealed when they are used as The soil material used as the final cover for a sites for sewage lagoons. Until sealing occurs, trench landfill should be suitable for plants. It should however, the hazard of pollution is severe. Soils that not have excess sodium or salts and should not be have a permeability rate of more than 2 inches per too acid. The surface layer generally has the best hour are too porous for the proper functioning of workability, the highest content of organic matter, and sewage lagoons. In these soils, seepage of the the best potential for plants. Material from the surface effluent can result in contamination of the ground layer should be stockpiled for use as the final cover. water. Ground-water contamination is also a hazard if In an area sanitary landfill, solid waste is placed in fractured bedrock is within a depth of 40 inches, if the successive layers on the surface of the soil. The water table is high enough to raise the level of waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a sewage in the lagoon, or if floodwater overtops the thin layer of soil from a source away from the site. A lagoon. final cover of soil material at least 2 feet thick is A high content of organic matter is detrimental to placed over the completed landfill. The ratings in the proper functioning of the lagoon because it inhibits table are based on the soil properties that affect aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans trafficability and the risk of pollution. These properties can cause construction problems, and large stones include flooding, permeability, depth to a water table, can hinder compaction of the lagoon floor. If the ponding, slope, and depth to bedrock or a cemented lagoon is to be uniformly deep throughout, the slope pan. must be gentle enough and the soil material must be Flooding is a serious problem because it can result thick enough over bedrock or a cemented pan to in pollution in areas downstream from the landfill. If make land smoothing practical. permeability is too rapid or if fractured bedrock, a A trench sanitary landfill is an area where solid fractured cemented pan, or the water table is close to waste is placed in successive layers in an excavated the surface, the leachate can contaminate the water trench. The waste is spread, compacted, and covered supply. Slope is a consideration because of the extra daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the site. grading required to maintain roads in the steeper When the trench is full, a final cover of soil material at areas of the landfill. Also, leachate may flow along the least 2 feet thick is placed over the landfill. The surface of the soils in the steeper areas and cause ratings in the table are based on the soil properties difficult seepage problems. that affect the risk of pollution, the ease of excavation, Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is trafficability, and revegetation. These properties used to cover compacted solid waste in an area include permeability, depth to bedrock or a cemented sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite, pan, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, flooding, transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste. texture, stones and boulders, highly organic layers, The ratings in the table also apply to the final cover soil reaction, and content of salts and sodium. Unless for a landfill. They are based on the soil properties otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that part of that affect workability, the ease of digging, and the the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper ease of moving and spreading the material over the trenches, onsite investigation may be needed. refuse daily during wet and dry periods. These Hard, nonrippable bedrock, creviced bedrock, or properties include soil texture, depth to a water table, highly permeable strata in or directly below the ponding, rock fragments, slope, depth to bedrock or a proposed trench bottom can affect the ease of cemented pan, reaction, and content of salts, sodium, excavation and the hazard of ground-water pollution. or lime. Slope affects construction of the trenches and the Loamy or silty soils that are free of large stones movement of surface water around the landfill. It also and excess gravel are the best cover for a landfill. affects the construction and performance of roads in Clayey soils may be sticky and difficult to spread; areas of the landfill. sandy soils are subject to wind erosion. Soil texture and consistence affect the ease with Slope affects the ease of excavation and of moving which the trench is dug and the ease with which the the cover material. Also, it can influence runoff, soil can be used as daily or final cover. They erosion, and reclamation of the borrow area. determine the workability of the soil when dry and After soil material has been removed, the soil when wet. Soils that are plastic and sticky when wet material remaining in the borrow area must be thick are difficult to excavate, grade, or compact and are enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water 160 Soil Survey

table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as and spreading the material; and reclamation of the the final cover for a landfill should be suitable for borrow area. Toxic substances, soil reaction, and the plants. It should not have excess sodium, salts, or properties that are inferred from soil texture, such as lime and should not be too acid. available water capacity and fertility, affect plant growth. The ease of excavating, loading, and Construction Materials spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, depth Table 14 gives information about the soils as to a water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable potential sources of gravel, sand, topsoil, reclamation material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected material, and roadfill. Normal compaction, minor by slope, depth to a water table, rock fragments, processing, and other standard construction practices depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, and toxic are assumed. material. Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable The surface layer of most soils is generally for commercial use with a minimum of processing. preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter They are used in many kinds of construction. content. Organic matter greatly increases the Specifications for each use vary widely. In the table, absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for only the likelihood of finding material in suitable plant growth. quantity is evaluated. The suitability of the material for Reclamation material is used in areas that have specific purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors been drastically disturbed by surface mining or similar that affect excavation of the material. The properties activities. When these areas are reclaimed, layers of used to evaluate the soil as a source of sand or soil material or unconsolidated geological material, or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as indicated by both, are replaced in a vertical sequence. The the Unified classification of the soil), the thickness of reconstructed soil favors plant growth. The ratings in suitable material, and the content of rock fragments. If the table do not apply to quarries and other mined the bottom layer of the soil contains sand or gravel, areas that require an offsite source of reconstruction the soil is considered a likely source regardless of material. The ratings are based on the soil properties thickness. The assumption is that the sand or gravel that affect erosion and stability of the surface and the layer below the depth of observation exceeds the productive potential of the reconstructed soil. These minimum thickness. properties include the content of sodium, salts, and The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as potential calcium carbonate; reaction; available water capacity; sources of sand and gravel. A rating of good or fair erodibility; texture; content of rock fragments; and means that the source material is likely to be in or content of organic matter and other features that below the soil. The bottom layer and the thickest layer affect fertility. of the soils are assigned numerical ratings. These Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one ratings indicate the likelihood that the layer is a place and used in road embankments in another source of sand or gravel. The number 0.00 indicates place. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of that the layer is a poor source. The number 1.00 roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6 indicates that the layer is a good source. A number feet high and less exacting in design than higher between 0.00 and 1.00 indicates the degree to which embankments. the layer is a likely source. The ratings are for the whole soil, from the surface The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as potential to a depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil sources of topsoil, reclamation material, and roadfill. layers will be mixed when the soil material is The features that limit the soils as sources of these excavated and spread. materials are specified in the table. The numerical The ratings are based on the amount of suitable ratings given after the specified features indicate the material and on soil properties that affect the ease of degree to which the features limit the soils as sources excavation and the performance of the material after it of topsoil, reclamation material, or roadfill. The lower is in place. The thickness of the suitable material is a the number, the greater the limitation. major consideration. The ease of excavation is Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation affected by large stones, depth to a water table, and can be established and maintained. The upper 40 slope. How well the soil performs in place after it has inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also been compacted and drained is determined by its evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow strength (as inferred from the AASHTO classification area. The ratings are based on the soil properties that of the soil) and linear extensibility (shrink-swell affect plant growth; the ease of excavating, loading, potential). Fulton County, Kentucky 161

Water Management permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the storage capacity of the reservoir area. Table 15 gives information on the soil properties Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised and site features that affect water management. The structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond high, constructed to impound water or to protect land reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; against overflow. Embankments that have zoned and aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The ratings are construction (core and shell) are not considered. In both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms this table, the soils are rated as a source of material indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all for embankment fill. The ratings apply to the soil of the soil features that affect these uses. Not limited material below the surface layer to a depth of about 5 indicates that the soil has features that are very feet. It is assumed that soil layers will be uniformly favorable for the specified use. Good performance mixed and compacted during construction. and very low maintenance can be expected. The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a that are moderately favorable for the specified use. depth even greater than the height of the The limitations can be overcome or minimized by embankment can affect performance and safety of special planning, design, or installation. Fair the embankment. Generally, deeper onsite performance and moderate maintenance can be investigation is needed to determine these properties. expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one Soil material in embankments must be resistant to or more features that are unfavorable for the specified seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features without major soil reclamation, special design, or include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high expensive installation procedures. Poor performance content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or salts and high maintenance can be expected. or sodium. A high water table affects the amount of Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity usable material. It also affects trafficability. of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth indicate gradations between the point at which a soil below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds feature has the greatest negative impact on the use that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the limitation (0.00). original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content seepage potential is determined by the permeability of large stones affect the ease of excavation. of the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

163

Soil Properties

Data relating to soil properties are collected during The Unified system classifies soils according to the course of the soil survey. properties that affect their use as construction Soil properties are ascertained by field examination material. Soils are classified according to particle-size of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in benchmark soils. Established standard procedures diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit, are followed. During the survey, many shallow borings and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils are made and examined to identify and classify the are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and soils and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, are taken from some typical profiles and tested in the and OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils laboratory to determine particle-size distribution, exhibiting engineering properties of two groups can plasticity, and compaction characteristics. have a dual classification, for example, CL-ML. Estimates of soil properties are based on field The AASHTO system classifies soils according to examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the those properties that affect roadway construction and survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified observations, verify properties that cannot be in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the estimated accurately by field observation, and help to basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and characterize key soils. plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained The estimates of soil properties are shown in and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other tables. They include engineering index properties, extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly physical and chemical properties, and pertinent soil organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis and water features. of visual inspection. If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and Engineering Index Properties A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an Table 16 gives the engineering classifications and additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as the range of index properties for the layers of each subgrade material can be indicated by a group index soil in the survey area. number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest. layer is indicated. Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated Texture is given in the standard terms used by the sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are 3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and The sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2 Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and based on laboratory tests of soils sampled in the less than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an made in the field. appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.” Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits) Textural terms are defined in the Glossary. indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The Classification of the soils is determined according estimates are based on test data from the survey to the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 2001) area or from nearby areas and on field examination. and the system adopted by the American Association The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid of State Highway and Transportation Officials limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the (AASHTO, 2000). nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation 164 Soil Survey

and Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2 conductivity (Ksat ). The estimates in the table indicate percentage points) across classification boundaries, the rate of water movement, in inches per hour, when the classification in the marginal zone is generally the soil is saturated. They are based on soil omitted in the table. characteristics observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is Physical and Chemical Properties considered in the design of soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption fields. Table 17 shows estimates of some physical and Available water capacity refers to the quantity of chemical characteristics and features that affect soil water that the soil is capable of storing for use by behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of plants. The capacity for water storage is given in each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The on field observations and on test data for these and capacity varies, depending on soil properties that similar soils. affect retention of water. The most important Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each properties are the content of organic matter, soil layer is indicated. texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil water capacity is an important factor in the choice of particle as measured by sedimentation, sieving, or plants or crops to be grown and in the design and micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as management of irrigation systems. Available water classes with specific effective diameter class limits. capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water The broad classes are sand, silt, and clay, ranging actually available to plants at any given time. from the larger to the smaller. Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil and is expressed as a range in pH values. The range particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in in pH of each major horizon is based on many field diameter. In the table, the estimated clay content of tests. For many soils, values have been verified by each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil diameter. amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and determining the risk of corrosion. physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the plasticity, the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil volume change between the water content of the clod 1 1 properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also at /3- or /10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and affect tillage and earthmoving operations. oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) table as percent change for the whole soil. Volume per unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is change is influenced by the amount and type of clay at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content minerals in the soil. 1 1 at /3- or /10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension. Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink- Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105 swell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk low if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3 density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9 cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2 percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and compute shrink-swell potential, available water swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties. other structures and to plant roots. Special design The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore commonly is needed. space available for water and roots. Depending on Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in soil texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can the soil at various stages of decomposition. In the restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk table, the estimated content of organic matter is density is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil of organic matter, and soil structure. material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

Permeability (Ksat ) refers to the ability of a soil to The content of organic matter in a soil can be transmit water or air. The term “permeability,” as used maintained by returning crop residue to the soil. in soil surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic Organic matter has a positive effect on available Fulton County, Kentucky 165

water capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, having a layer that impedes the downward movement and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine for crops and soil organisms. texture. These soils have a slow rate of water Erosion factors are shown in the table as the K transmission. factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These erosion by water. Factor K is one of several factors consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The material. These soils have a very slow rate of water estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt, transmission. sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/ permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the the second is for undrained areas. more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion The months in the table indicate the portion of the by water. year in which the feature is most likely to be a Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the concern. whole soil. The estimates are modified by the Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil. presence of rock fragments. The table indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in fine-earth fraction, or the material less than 2 most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits millimeters in size. are based mainly on observations of the water table Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum at selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone, average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic that can occur without affecting crop productivity over features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per less than a month is not considered a water table. year. Ponding is standing water in a closed depression. Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is Water Features removed only by percolation, transpiration, or evaporation. Table 18 indicates surface water depth Table 18 gives estimates of various water features. and the duration and frequency of ponding. Duration The estimates are used in land use planning that is expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 involves engineering considerations. to 7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of than 30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare, runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four occasional, and frequent. None means that ponding is groups according to the rate of water infiltration when not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under the soils are not protected by vegetation, are unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long- nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional duration storms. that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years The four hydrologic soil groups are: (the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year); Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more than mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained 50 percent in any year). sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area of water transmission. caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to is considered ponding rather than flooding. moderately coarse texture. These soils have a Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is moderate rate of water transmission. expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours, Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days. 166 Soil Survey

Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare, usually is a result of drainage, and total subsidence, occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means which results from a combination of factors. that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward unlikely but possible under extremely unusual or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the weather conditions (the chance of flooding is less formation of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and than 1 percent in any year); rare that it is unlikely but the subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of possible under unusual weather conditions (the strength on thawing. Frost action occurs when chance of flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year); moisture moves into the freezing zone of the soil. occasional that it occurs infrequently under normal Temperature, texture, density, permeability, content of weather conditions (the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 organic matter, and depth to the water table are the percent in any year); frequent that it is likely to occur most important factors considered in evaluating the often under normal weather conditions (the chance of potential for frost action. It is assumed that the soil is flooding is more than 50 percent in any year but is not insulated by vegetation or snow and is not less than 50 percent in all months in any year); and artificially drained. Silty and highly structured, clayey very frequent that it is likely to occur very often under soils that have a high water table in winter are the normal weather conditions (the chance of flooding is most susceptible to frost action. Well drained, very more than 50 percent in all months of any year). gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least susceptible. The information is based on evidence in the soil Frost heave and low soil strength during thawing profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay cause damage to pavements and other rigid deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic structures. matter content with increasing depth; and little or no Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced horizon development. electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or Also considered are local information about the weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and the extent of flooding based on soil data is less electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion specific than that provided by detailed engineering of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the flood frequency levels. soil. Special site examination and design may be needed if the combination of factors results in a Soil Features severe hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil Table 19 gives estimates of various soil features. layers is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel The estimates are used in land use planning that or concrete in installations that are entirely within one involves engineering considerations. kind of soil or within one soil layer. A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal expressed as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil properties that significantly impede the movement of drainage class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near water and air through the soil or that restrict roots or field capacity, and electrical conductivity of the otherwise provide an unfavorable root environment. saturation extract. Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is layers, and frozen layers. The table indicates the expressed as low, moderate, or high. It is based on hardness and thickness of the restrictive layer, both of soil texture, acidity, and amount of sulfates in the which significantly affect the ease of excavation. saturation extract. Depth to top is the vertical distance from the soil surface to the upper boundary of the restrictive layer. Physical and Chemical Analyses of Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of Selected Soils saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence generally results from either desiccation The results of physical analysis of several typical and shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or pedons in the survey area are given in table 20 and both, following drainage. Subsidence takes place the results of chemical analysis in table 21. The data gradually, usually over a period of several years. The are for soils sampled at carefully selected sites. table shows the expected initial subsidence, which Unless otherwise indicated, the pedons are typical of Fulton County, Kentucky 167

the series. They are described in the section “Soil Clay—(fraction less than 0.002 mm) pipette Series and Their Morphology.” Soil samples were extraction, weight percentages of material less analyzed by Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, than 2 mm (3A1). Lexington, Kentucky. Organic carbon—wet combustion. Walkley-Black Most determinations, except those for grain-size modified acid-dichromate, ferric sulfate titration analysis and bulk density, were made on soil material (6A1c). smaller than 2 millimeters in diameter. Measurements Extractable cations—ammonium acetate pH 7.0, reported as percent or quantity of unit weight were EDTA-alcohol separation; calcium (6N2a), calculated on an ovendry basis. The methods used in magnesium (6O2a); flame photometry; sodium obtaining the data are indicated in the list that follows. (6P2a), potassium (6Q2a). The codes in parentheses refer to published methods Extractable acidity—barium chloride-triethanolamine (USDA, 1996). IV (6H5a). Cation-exchange capacity—ammonium acetate, pH Coarse materials—(2-75 mm fraction) weight 7.0, steam distillation (5A8b). estimates of the percentages of all material less Cation-exchange capacity—sum of cations (5A3a). than 75 mm (3B1). Base saturation—ammonium acetate, pH 7.0 (5C1). Sand—(0.05-2.0 mm fraction) weight percentages of Base saturation—sum of cations, TEA, pH 8.2 (5C3). material less than 2 mm (3A1). Reaction (pH)—1:1 water dilution (8C1f). Silt—(0.002-0.05 mm fraction) pipette extraction, Available phosphorus—Bray P-1 (6S3). weight percentages of all material less than 2 mm (3A1).

169

Classification of the Soils

The system of soil classification used by the FAMILY. Families are established within a National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical (Soil Survey Staff, 1998 and 1999). Beginning with the properties and other characteristics that affect broadest, these categories are the order, suborder, management. Generally, the properties are those of great group, subgroup, family, and series. horizons below plow depth where there is much Classification is based on soil properties observed in biological activity. Among the properties and the field or inferred from those observations or from characteristics considered are particle-size class, laboratory measurements. Table 22 shows the mineralogy class, cation-exchange activity class, soil classification of the soils in the survey area. The temperature regime, soil depth, and reaction class. A categories are defined in the following paragraphs. family name consists of the name of a subgroup ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The preceded by terms that indicate soil properties. An differences among orders reflect the dominant soil- example is fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic forming processes and the degree of soil formation. Hapludalfs. Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An SERIES. The series consists of soils within a example is Alfisol. family that have horizons similar in color, texture, SUBORDER. Each order is divided into structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical suborders primarily on the basis of properties that composition, and arrangement in the profile. influence soil genesis and are important to plant The orders in this survey area are Entisols, growth or properties that reflect the most important Inceptisols, Mollisols, and Alfisols. variables within the orders. The last syllable in the Entisols (ents) are mineral soils with little or no name of a suborder indicates the order. An example is evidence of development. They have been affected Udalf (Ud, meaning humid, plus alf, from Alfisol). only slightly by soil-forming processes. An A horizon is GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into the only distinct pedogenic horizon in these soils. great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind, Most of the Entisols are on flood plains that receive arrangement, and degree of development of fresh deposits from flooding. pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature Udifluvents are usually moist and occur near the regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each Mississippi River channel on the higher portions of great group is identified by the name of a suborder the flood plain. They are very deep, well drained soils and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An that have a moderately thick A horizon. Typic example is Hapludalfs (Hapl, meaning minimal Udifluvents are coarse-loamy and contain mixed horizonation, plus udalf, the suborder of the Alfisols mineralogy. They include the Robinsonville soils. that has a udic moisture regime). Aquic Udifluvents, like the typic subgroup, are SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic dominated by brown matrix colors, but contain grayish subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or redoximorphic features in the upper part of the extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central subsoil, indicating the presence of a seasonal high concept of the great group; it is not necessarily the water table within this zone during portions of the most extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other year. Collins soils are included in the aquic subgroup orders, suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have of Udifluvents. some properties that are not representative of the Udipsamments occur in similar positions as the great group but do not indicate transitions to any Udifluvents, but have a significantly higher sand other taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by content throughout the soil profile. They are moist one or more adjectives preceding the name of the throughout much of the year, but become extremely great group. The adjective Typic identifies the droughty during the summer and early fall. They subgroup that typifies the great group. An example is include the Crevasse soils on the Mississippi River Typic Hapludalfs. flood plain. 170 Soil Survey

Udorthents are very deep, well drained soils that Aquepts, are clayey soils that have deep, wide cracks have a very thin A horizon. They occur in areas of cut- when dry and high shrink-swell properties due to their and-fill associated with road construction and urban smectitic mineralogy. The Bondurant and Roellen development. These soils are not classified below the soils are examples of Aquolls having vertic properties great group level. (fig.18). Aquolls in Fulton County have a seasonal Inceptisols (epts) are mineral soils having altered water table ranging from 0 to 2 feet during winter and horizons resulting from pedogenesis. They have early spring. ochric epipedons and cambic subsurface horizons. Udolls are drier soils than the Aquolls, as Most of these soils occur on flood plains throughout evidenced by their dominant brown colors in the the survey area. cambic subsurface horizons below the mollic Aquepts are wet, nearly level soils. They are epipedon. These are highly productive soils saturated with water at some period of the year or occupying old natural levees, low ridges, and broad have been artificially drained. They occur on the lower areas of higher elevations on the Mississippi River portions of flood plains, and grayish colors are flood plain. The Bardwell and Ware soils are very dominant. Typic Aquepts are gray, poorly drained soils deep, well drained Hapludolls with mixed mineralogy. with low to moderate clay content in the subsoil and Oxyaquic Hapludolls are moderately well drained, have mixed mineralogy. These include the Mhoon and having a seasonal water table in the lower part of the Waverly soils. Fluvaquentic Aquepts are better subsoil for a month or more (cumulative) during most drained than the typic subgroup, containing brown years. An example is the Phillippy soils. colors immediately below the surface layer in the Alfisols (alfs) are mineral soils with ochric uppermost part of the subsoil. They include the epipedons and an argillic horizon that contains Commerce, Convent, and Falaya soils. Vertic Aquepts evidence of clay translocation in the subsoil. They are are fine-textured soils dominated by smectitic typically acid, but have a moderate to high base mineralogy in the upper part of the subsoil. As a saturation. result, these soils crack open when dry and swell Epiaqualfs are very deep, poorly drained or when wet. Such soils include Keyespoint and somewhat poorly drained alfisols with a thin A Openlake soils on broad, low-lying alluvial plains and horizon. These soils have perched layers of Tunica soils in slackwater areas of the Mississippi saturation within the upper 2 meters, with periodic River flood plain. saturation generally occurring during the winter and Udepts are soils dominated with brown colors early spring months. These soils occur on nearly level throughout and are, therefore, not as wet as the to slightly depressional stream terraces and heads of Aquepts. Eutrudepts have a low clay content, drainageways. Typic Epiaqualfs are fine-silty, poorly moderate to high base saturation, and a relatively drained soils having mixed mineralogy. They include high content of organic matter. In Fulton County, the Routon soils. Aeric Epiaqualfs have brown colors these soils consist of the well drained Natchez series in the upper part of the subsoil and are better drained occurring on the very steep bluffs that parallel the than the typic subgroup. They include the Kurk soils. eastern edge of the Mississippi River flood plain. The Fragiudalfs and Fraglossudalfs are very deep, moderately well drained Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts moderately well drained or somewhat poorly drained consist of the Adler series on the flood plain below the soils with a root restricting fragipan layer in the Natchez soils and along tributaries draining directly to subsoil. The fragipan is relatively impermeable to the Mississippi River. vertical water movement and, therefore, creates a Mollisols (olls) are mineral soils that have a perched ground-water table during the winter and relatively thick, dark surface layer(s). They are rich in early spring months. These soils occur on nearly level bases and, therefore, have moderate to high base to moderately steep upland ridges and side slopes. saturation. In the survey area, they also have cambic They are the most extensive soils in the survey area, subsoil horizons. comprising about 28 percent of the total area. Aquolls are naturally wet and have grayish colors Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs and Fraglossudalfs both are with brown mottles. They are saturated at some fine-silty with mixed mineralogy. The Oxyaquic season of the year or are artificially drained. These Fragiudalfs contain a moderately thick, yellowish soils include the Bowdre soils on low-lying, brown or dark brown subsoil above a weak fragipan intermediate positions of the Mississippi River flood which, to some degree, restricts plant roots and plain and the Dekoven soils along the Mud Creek vertical water movement. They include the Loring flood plain draining the loess uplands in the western soils. The Oxyaquic Fraglossudalfs contain a bit part of Fulton County. Vertic Aquolls, like the Vertic denser, more restrictive fragipan on broader upland Fulton County, Kentucky 171

Figure 18.—An area of Bondurant silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected, exhibiting deep, wide cracks upon drying out in the summer. Bondurant soils have high shrink-swell properties resulting from their relatively high clay content and smectitic mineralogy. landscape positions. They include the Grenada soils. more shallow loess deposits in the eastern half of Aquic Fraglossudalfs are seasonally wet, somewhat Fulton County and exhibit lower base saturation poorly drained soils that occur on nearly level and levels in the subsoil. They include the Feliciana soils slightly depressional upland summits and gently on gently sloping to steep upland ridges and side sloping side slopes. These soils are fine-silty with slopes east of Little Bayou de Chien. Aquic mixed mineralogy and include the Calloway soils. Hapludalfs are moderately well drained, having brown Hapludalfs are very deep, well drained and argillic horizons with grayish redoximorphic features. moderately well drained soils that have a moderately These soils are fine-silty with mixed mineralogy and thick A horizon and a thick subsoil. The subsoil is include the Center soils on nearly level stream commonly brown to yellowish brown. Typic Hapludalfs terraces. are well drained, fine-silty soils with mixed mineralogy and a high base saturation throughout. They formed Soil Series and Their Morphology in very thick loess deposits in the western portion of the county. These soils include the Memphis soils on In this section, each soil series recognized in the nearly level to steep upland ridges and side slopes in survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil the western half of the county between the Mississippi and the material in which it formed are identified for River bluff and Cayce. Ultic Hapludalfs are similar to each series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area the typic subgroup in terms of internal drainage, of soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is mineralogy, and soil texture; however, they formed in described. The detailed description of each soil 172 Soil Survey

horizon follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual” iron depletions; few fine distinct brown (7.5YR (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993). Many of the 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline technical terms used in the descriptions are defined in (pH 7.5); clear smooth boundary. “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999) and in Bw2—20 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1998). 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky Unless otherwise indicated, colors in the descriptions parting to moderate fine subangular blocky are for moist soil. Following the pedon description is structure; very friable; very few fine roots; the range of important characteristics of the soils in common medium distinct light yellowish brown the series. (2.5Y 6/3) and common fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; common fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and few fine Adler Series prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); Depth class: Very deep gradual smooth boundary. Drainage class: Moderately well drained Bw3—29 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; Permeability: Moderate weak medium subangular blocky structure; very Landform: Mississippi River flood plain and its friable; common medium distinct grayish brown tributaries (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; many fine prominent Position on the landform: Mississippi River—near the dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and common fine loess bluff; Tributaries—along the higher portions prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of of the flood plain near the channel iron accumulation; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); Parent material: Nonacid, silty alluvium gradual smooth boundary. Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Cg1—39 to 47 inches; 50 percent grayish brown Associated soils: Commerce, Convent, and Mhoon (2.5Y 5/2) and 50 percent dark yellowish brown • Commerce soils are somewhat poorly drained and (10YR 4/4) silt loam; massive; stratified; very contain more clay throughout friable; very few fine roots; many fine prominent • Convent soils are somewhat poorly drained strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron • Mhoon soils are poorly drained accumulation; many prominent dark brown Taxonomic class: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, (7.5YR 3/2) iron-manganese oxide stains; slightly thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary. Cg2—47 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; Typical Pedon massive; very stratified; very friable; many Adler silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected, in a medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) and nearly level cultivated field; 1.6 miles west of Hickman many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR along Kentucky Highway 94 in the Lower Bottom, 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; many then south 2,800 feet along a gravel farm road, 1,500 prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and black feet south of the intersection of the gravel road with (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese oxide stains; slightly the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad; Hickman 7.5 minute alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary. USGS quadrangle; east 978,900 feet and north Cg3—60 to 80 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam; 96,800 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. massive; friable; many medium faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; many medium prominent Ap1—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and dark reddish brown moderate fine and medium granular structure; (2.5YR 3/4) masses of iron accumulation; slightly very friable; many fine roots; neutral (pH 7.3); alkaline (pH 7.6). clear smooth boundary. Ap2—5 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; Range in Characteristics moderate fine subangular blocky parting to Solum thickness: 18 to 40 inches moderate medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; few fine distinct light yellowish Ap horizon: brown (2.5Y 6/3) iron depletions; neutral (pH 7.3); Hue—10YR clear smooth boundary. Value—4 or 5 Bw1—9 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR Chroma—2 or 3 4/4) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam structure; very friable; few fine roots; common Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline medium distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) Fulton County, Kentucky 173

Bw horizon: Hue—10YR Value—4 or 5 Chroma—3 or 4 Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— shades of brown and gray Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline Cg horizon: Hue—10YR Value—4 to 6 Chroma—1 to 4 Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— shades of brown, gray, and black Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bardwell Series

Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderate Landform: Mississippi River flood plain Position on the landform: Higher portion of broad, level areas on the flood plain Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Associated soils: Commerce, Crevasse, Phillippy, Robinsonville, and Ware • Commerce soils are somewhat poorly drained and do not have a mollic epipedon • Crevasse soils are more sandy throughout and are excessively drained • Phillippy soils are clayey in the upper part • Robinsonville and Ware soils are more sandy throughout and are coarse-loamy Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Fluventic Hapludolls

Typical Pedon Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (fig. 19), frequently flooded, in a nearly level cultivated field; 4 miles north of Hickman in the Upper Bottom, 0.8 mile northwest of the second bridge over Obion Creek, 300 feet north of a farm road running east-west; Wolf Island 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east 998,200 feet and north 125,150 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. Figure 19.—Profile of Bardwell silt loam. Bardwell soils have a thick, dark surface and are among the most productive Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam; soils in Kentucky. The white nail marks the bottom of the weak fine and medium granular structure; very mollic epipedon. Depth is marked in inches. 174 Soil Survey

friable; common fine roots; common krotovinas; Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam, neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. or fine sandy loam A—8 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline 3/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common krotovinas; neutral (pH 7.0); clear Bondurant Series smooth boundary. Depth class: Very deep Bw1—14 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Permeability: Very slow friable; few fine roots; common krotovinas; Landform: Mississippi River flood plain common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) organic Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly stains; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. concave areas Bw2—39 to 53 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; Parent material: Clayey alluvium moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Slope range: 0 to 2 percent friable; very few fine roots; few medium prominent Associated soils: Bowdre, Commerce, Keyespoint, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron Openlake, Phillippy, Sharkey, Tunica, and Ware accumulation; common distinct dark gray (10YR • Bowdre soils have a loamy texture within 24 inches 4/1) organic stains; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth • Commerce soils contain less clay throughout and boundary. are fine-silty 2C1—53 to 63 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; • Keyespoint soils have a loamy texture within 40 massive; very friable; common medium prominent inches and do not have a mollic epipedon gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; few medium • Openlake soils do not have a mollic epipedon prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of • Phillippy soils are at a higher elevation, have a iron accumulation; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth loamy texture within 24 inches of the surface, and are boundary. moderately well drained 2C2—63 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy • Sharkey and Tunica soils are poorly drained loam; massive; very friable; common medium • Ware soils occur at a higher elevation and are prominent gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; few coarse-loamy medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 7.0). Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Vertic Epiaquolls Range in Characteristics Typical Pedon Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Thickness of mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches Bondurant silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected; 6.4 miles west of Hickman along Kentucky Ap horizon: 1 Highway 94 in the Lower Bottom, /2 mile west of the Hue—10YR junction of Kentucky Highways 311 and 1282, then Value—3 about 150 feet south of Kentucky Highway 1282 into Chroma—2 or 3 a cultivated field; Bondurant 7.5 minute USGS Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty quadrangle; east 961,600 feet and north 90,000 feet clay loam by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline Ap1—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR Bw horizon: 3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR Hue—10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; Value—4 many fine roots; many earthworm casts; Chroma—3 or 4 moderately acid (pH 5.7); clear smooth boundary. Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty Ap2—3 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR clay loam 3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline 4/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky 2C horizon (and BC and C horizons where present): structure; firm; common fine roots; common Hue—10YR distinct very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) organic stains; Value—4 or 5 neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary. Chroma—3 or 4 A—11 to 20 inches; very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) dry; moderate Fulton County, Kentucky 175

medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; Chroma—2 few fine roots; common fine prominent dark Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron silty clay, or clay accumulation; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— boundary. shades of brown and gray Bg1—20 to 28 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure 2BCg horizon (and 2Bg horizon where present): parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very Hue—10YR or 2.5Y firm; few fine roots; common shiny pressure Value—4 to 6 faces; many medium prominent strong brown Chroma—1 to 3 (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, silty common fine distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron clay loam, or clay loam depletions on ped faces; moderately acid (pH Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— 5.6); clear smooth boundary. shades of brown and gray Bg2—28 to 50 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline silty clay; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) ped faces; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to 2Cg horizon: moderate medium angular blocky; very firm; Hue—10YR or 2.5Y common shiny pressure faces; many medium Value—4 to 6 prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and brown Chroma—1 to 3 (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, very fine acid (pH 5.4); gradual smooth boundary. sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy fine 2BCg—50 to 67 inches; 50 percent olive brown (2.5Y sand 4/3) and 50 percent dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; shades of brown and gray firm; many medium prominent yellowish brown Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid (pH 5.9); clear smooth boundary. 2Cg—67 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) very fine Bowdre Series sandy loam; massive; very friable; many coarse prominent brown (10YR 4/3) and few medium Depth class: Very deep prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained iron accumulation; slightly acid (pH 6.1). Permeability: Very slow in the upper clayey layers and moderately rapid in the lower loamy layers Range in Characteristics Landform: Mississippi River flood plain Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches Position on the landform: Broad, nearly level to Thickness of mollic epipedon: 10 to 23 inches slightly depressional areas Parent material: Clayey alluvium over loamy alluvium Ap horizon: Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Associated soils:, Bardwell, Bondurant, Commerce, Value—2 or 3 Openlake, Phillippy, and Ware Chroma—1 to 3 • Bardwell soils are not clayey in the upper part and Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam are well drained Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline • Bondurant soils are clayey throughout A horizon: • Commerce soils are fine-silty Hue—10YR or 2.5Y • Openlake soils are clayey throughout and do not Value—2 or 3 have a mollic epipedon Chroma—1 to 3 • Phillippy soils are at a higher elevation on old Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam natural levees and are moderately well drained or silty clay • Ware soils are at a higher elevation and are coarse- Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline loamy Bg horizon: Taxonomic class: Clayey over loamy, smectitic, Hue—10YR or 2.5Y thermic Fluvaquentic Hapludolls Value—4 or 5 176 Soil Survey

Typical Pedon Depth to layers of contrasting texture: 20 to 36 inches Thickness of mollic epipedon: 10 to 23 inches Bowdre silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded; 18.5 miles west of Hickman in Madrid Bend, Ap horizon: 4,500 feet west of Washpan Lake, 200 feet southeast Hue—10YR or 2.5Y of a 90-degree angle tree line below the escarpment; Value—2 or 3 New Madrid 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east Chroma—1 to 3 893,700 feet and north 91,200 feet by the Kentucky Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay coordinate grid system. Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty A horizon (or AB horizon where present): clay, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and Hue—10YR or 2.5Y medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many Value—2 or 3 fine roots; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth Chroma—1 to 3 boundary. Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay A—6 to 20 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— 3/2) silty clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; shades of brown and gray moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline common fine roots; common shiny pressure Bg horizon: faces; common medium faint dark gray (10YR Hue—10YR or 2.5Y 4/1) and grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions Value—4 or 5 along ped faces; few fine distinct dark brown Chroma—2 (7.5YR 3/3) masses of iron accumulation; neutral Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay or silty (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. clay loam Bg—20 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky shades of brown and gray structure; firm; few fine roots; many fine Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) and few fine prominent dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/3) 2BCg horizon: masses of iron accumulation; many medium Hue—10YR or 2.5Y distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions; Value—4 to 6 slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); clear smooth boundary. Chroma—2 2BCg—24 to 30 inches; 50 percent grayish brown Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam, (2.5Y 5/2) and 50 percent light olive brown (2.5Y very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or 5/3) very fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular sandy loam blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— common medium prominent dark yellowish brown shades of brown and gray (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; few fine Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; slightly 3Cg horizon (and 3C horizon where present): alkaline (pH 7.5); abrupt smooth boundary. Hue—10YR or 2.5Y 3Cg1—30 to 48 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) Value—4 to 6 loamy fine sand; single grain; very friable; slightly Chroma—2 or 3 alkaline (pH 7.5); gradual smooth boundary. Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam, 3Cg2—48 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand loamy fine sand; single grain; very friable; few Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; shades of brown and gray common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline 4/6 and 7.5YR 5/6) and common coarse dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron The Bowdre soils in Fulton County are taxadjuncts accumulation in matrix around depletions; slightly to the Bowdre series because the solum thickness is alkaline (pH 7.5). greater than 20 inches, they have vertic properties in the upper part of the particle-size control section, and Range in Characteristics they have an aquic moisture regime. In this survey Solum thickness: 20 to 40 inches area, the Bowdre soils classify as clayey over loamy, Fulton County, Kentucky 177

smectitic over mixed, superactive, thermic depletions; common fine prominent strong brown Fluvaquentic Vertic Endoaquolls. (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) soft iron- manganese stains and nodules; neutral (pH 6.6); Calloway Series clear smooth boundary. Eg—19 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Depth class: Very deep silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained structure; very friable; very few fine roots; many Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR in the fragipan 5/6) and common medium distinct brown (10YR Landform: Upland 5/3) masses of iron accumulation; many distinct Position on the landform: Broad, smooth to slightly dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) manganese stains and concave summits and heads of drainageways nodules; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear irregular and, to a limited extent, gently sloping side slopes boundary. Parent material: Thick loess deposits Btx1/Eg—30 to 50 inches; 60 percent strong brown Slope range: 0 to 4 percent (10YR 4/6) silty clay loam (Btx); weak very coarse Associated soils: Feliciana, Grenada, Loring, and prismatic structure parting to moderate medium Routon subangular blocky; very firm; very few fine roots • Feliciana soils are well drained and do not have a along prism faces; common medium distinct fragipan strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron • Grenada and Loring soils are moderately well accumulation; many distinct gray (7.5YR 5/1) and drained brown (7.5YR 5/2) clay skins on faces of prisms; • Routon soils are poorly drained and do not have a compact and brittle; 40 percent light brownish fragipan gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam as tongues between Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic prisms (Eg); weak fine and medium subangular Aquic Fraglossudalfs blocky structure; very friable; many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) manganese stains and Typical Pedon nodules; strongly acid (pH 5.2); gradual smooth Calloway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a smooth boundary. 1 percent slope in a cultivated field; 0.5 mile north of Btx2—50 to 60 inches; strong brown (10YR 4/6) silt the junction of the Purchase Parkway and U.S. loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure Highway 51 at Fulton, then 1,400 feet west of U.S. parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; Highway 51; Crutchfield 7.5 minute USGS very firm; many medium prominent light brownish quadrangle; east 1,076,400 feet and north 85,100 feet gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common medium by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; many distinct gray (7.5YR 5/1) and Ap1—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) brown (7.5YR 5/2) clay skins on faces of prisms; silt loam; moderate medium granular structure; common prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) clay very friable; many fine roots; common medium depletions on prism faces; compact and brittle; distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; strongly acid (pH 5.2); gradual smooth boundary. common fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) BC—60 to 80 inches; strong brown (10YR 4/6) silt masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid (pH loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; 6.5); clear smooth boundary. friable; many medium prominent light brownish Ap2—4 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; few fine medium granular structure; very friable; many fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of roots; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron iron accumulation; common prominent light gray depletions; few fine prominent strong brown (10YR 7/1) clay depletions; common prominent (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few black (N 2.5/0) manganese stains; strongly acid distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) soft iron- (pH 5.1). manganese stains and nodules; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. Range in Characteristics E—8 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very Solum thickness: More than 60 inches friable; common fine roots; common medium Depth to fragipan: 18 to 36 inches distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron 178 Soil Survey

Ap horizon: Center Series Hue—10YR Value—4 Depth class: Very deep Chroma—2 to 4 Drainage class: Moderately well drained Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Permeability: Moderate in the upper part of the solum Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid, and moderately slow in the lower part unless limed Landform: Stream terrace Position on the landform: Higher, nearly level to gently E horizon: undulating positions Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Parent material: Silty alluvium and loess Value—5 or 6 Slope range: 0 to 3 percent Chroma—3 or 4 Associated soils: Calloway and Grenada—on Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— adjacent uplands; Convent and Dekoven—on shades of brown and gray flood plains; Kurk and Routon—on other portions Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam of stream terraces Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid, • Calloway and Grenada soils formed in thick loess unless limed deposits and have a fragipan Eg horizon: • Convent soils do not have an argillic horizon Hue—10YR or 2.5Y • Dekoven soils have a mollic epipedon, are poorly Value—6 or 7 drained, and do not have an argillic horizon Chroma—1 or 2 • Kurk soils are somewhat poorly drained Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— • Routon soils are poorly drained shades of gray and brown Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt or silt loam Aquic Hapludalfs Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid Typical Pedon Btx/Eg horizon: Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Center silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, on a nearly Value—4 or 5 (Btx); 6 or 7 (Eg) level 1 percent slope in a cultivated field; 7.5 miles Chroma—2 to 6 (Btx); 1 or 2 (Eg) southeast of Hickman along Kentucky Highway 166 Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— (middle road), 0.5 mile southeast of where the natural shades of brown and gray gas pipelines cross Kentucky Highway 166 on the Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty east side of Mud Creek; Cayce 7.5 minute USGS clay loam (Btx); silt or silt loam (Eg) quadrangle; east about 1,021,300 feet and north Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid 82,200 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. Btx horizon and Bx horizon (where present): Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; Hue—10YR or 2.5Y moderate medium granular structure; very friable; Value—4 or 5 many fine roots; few medium distinct dark brown Chroma—2 to 6 (7.5YR 3/2) and few fine prominent strong brown Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few shades of brown and gray medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty depletions; moderately acid (pH 5.6); clear clay loam smooth boundary. Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid Bt1—10 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt BC horizon: loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; Hue—10YR or 2.5Y very friable; common fine roots; common fine Value— 4 or 5 prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of Chroma—4 to 6 iron accumulation; few medium distinct light Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) iron depletions; few shades of gray faint discontinuous clay skins on ped interiors; Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam few prominent soft dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) iron- Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline manganese concretions; moderately acid (pH 5.6); clear smooth boundary. Fulton County, Kentucky 179

Bt2—15 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt Ap horizon: loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; Hue—10YR very friable; few fine roots; common fine Value—4 prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of Chroma—2 to 4 iron accumulation; common medium distinct light Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and light yellowish Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid, unless brown (2.5Y 6/3) iron depletions; few faint limed discontinuous clay skins on ped interiors; few Bt horizon: prominent soft dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) iron- Hue—10YR or 2.5Y manganese concretions; moderately acid (pH Value—5 or 6 5.6); clear smooth boundary. Chroma—3 to 6 Bt3—21 to 38 inches; 40 percent yellowish brown Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty (10YR 5/6), 30 percent light olive brown (2.5Y clay loam 5/3), and 30 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— 6/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular shades of brown and gray blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common Reaction— strongly acid to slightly acid medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron BC horizon: accumulation; common distinct light gray (2.5Y Hue—10YR or 2.5Y 7/2) clay depletions on ped faces (N 7/0 dry); Value—5 or 6 many distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay skins along ped Chroma—3 to 6 faces; common prominent soft dark brown (7.5YR Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam 3/2) iron-manganese concretions; strongly acid Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— (pH 5.3); gradual smooth boundary. shades of brown and gray Bt4—38 to 48 inches; 50 percent yellowish brown Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline (10YR 5/6) and 50 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; very few fine roots; Collins Series common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR Depth class: Very deep 5/6) and dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron Drainage class: Moderately well drained accumulation; many medium distinct light Permeability: Moderate brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; Landform: Flood plain draining loess upland (in the common distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2) clay easternmost part of the county) depletions on ped faces (N 7/0 dry); many distinct Position on the landform: Along smaller creeks and gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay skins along ped faces; streams common prominent soft dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) Parent material: Silty alluvium iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid Slope range: 0 to 2 percent (pH 5.6); gradual smooth boundary. Associated soils: Falaya and Waverly BC—48 to 80 inches; 50 percent yellowish brown • Falaya soils are somewhat poorly drained (10YR 5/4) and 50 percent light olive brown (2.5Y • Waverly soils are poorly drained 5/3) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; very few fine roots; common Taxonomic class: Coarse-silty, mixed, active, acid, medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and thermic Aquic Udifluvents dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron Typical Pedon accumulation; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; Collins silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally common distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2) clay flooded, in a nearly level cultivated field; 3.2 miles depletions on ped faces (N 7/0 dry); common north of Fulton along U.S. Highway 51 to the prominent soft dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) iron- intersection with Dillion Road, then 4,800 feet east manganese concretions; moderately acid (pH along Dillion Road, then 500 feet south into the field; 5.9). Crutchfield 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east 1,076,500 feet and north 97,300 feet by the Kentucky Range in Characteristics coordinate grid system. Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches or more Ap1—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak 180 Soil Survey

fine and medium granular structure; very friable; Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid common fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth throughout boundary. C horizon (and BC horizon where present): Ap2—7 to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR Hue—10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky Value—4 or 5 structure; very friable; few fine roots; few Chroma—3 or 4 prominent black Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam (N 2.5/0) carbonaceous stains throughout; very Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. shades of brown and gray Bw—12 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky throughout structure; friable; few fine roots; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and pale Cg horizon (where present): brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; very strongly Hue—10YR or 2.5Y acid; clear smooth boundary. Value—6 or 7 C1—19 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt Chroma—1 or 2 loam; massive; friable; very few fine roots; many Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt or silt loam coarse distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— depletions; few medium distinct yellowish brown shades of brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) clay depletions throughout throughout; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. The Collins soils in Fulton County are taxadjuncts C2—30 to 42 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR to the Collins series because they have a cambic 4/4) silt loam; massive; friable; common medium subsoil horizon. This difference, however, does not distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron affect the use and management of the soils. In this depletions; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) clay survey area, the Collins soils are coarse-silty, mixed, depletions throughout; very strongly acid; clear active, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts. smooth boundary. C3—42 to 80 inches; 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 40 percent light brownish gray Commerce Series (10YR 6/2) silt loam; massive; friable; common Depth class: Very deep coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid. Permeability: Moderate Landform: Mississippi River flood plain Range in Characteristics Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Solum thickness: 15 to 30 inches concave areas Parent material: Loamy alluvium Ap horizon: Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Hue—10YR Associated soils: Bardwell, Bondurant, Bowdre, Value—4 Keyespoint, Openlake, Phillippy, Robinsonville, Chroma—2 to 4 and Ware Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or, • Bardwell soils have a mollic epipedon and are well less commonly, loam drained Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid • Bondurant soils have a mollic epipedon and are throughout, unless limed clayey to 4 feet Bw horizon: • Bowdre and Keyespoint soils are clayey in the Hue—10YR upper part Value—4 or 5 • Openlake soils are clayey throughout Chroma—3 or 4 • Phillippy soils are at a higher elevation on old Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam natural levees and are clayey in the upper part Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— • Robinsonville and Ware soils are at a higher shades of brown and gray elevation and are coarse-loamy Fulton County, Kentucky 181

Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty nonacid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts clay loam Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Typical Pedon shades of brown and gray Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected, Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline in a nearly level cultivated field; 6 miles west of Bg horizon: Hickman along Kentucky Highway 94 in the Lower Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Bottom, then 4,200 feet north of the intersection of Value—4 or 5 Running Slough with Kentucky Highway 94; Chroma—1 or 2 Bondurant 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam, 956,300 feet and north 106,700 feet by the Kentucky or silty clay loam coordinate grid system. Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Ap1—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam; shades of brown, gray, and red moderate medium granular structure; friable; Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline common fine roots; common krotovinas; neutral Cg horizon (and BCg horizon where present): (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Ap2—4 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Value—4 or 5 silt loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; Chroma—2 or 3 few fine roots; common krotovinas; neutral (pH Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam, 6.8); clear smooth boundary. silty clay loam, fine sandy loam, or very fine Bg1—11 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) sandy loam silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— structure; friable; few fine roots; common medium shades of brown and gray distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions; neutral Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. Bg2—17 to 25 inches; 50 percent dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) and 50 percent gray (2.5Y 5/1) silt Convent Series loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; very few fine roots; common Depth class: Very deep medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); Permeability: Moderate clear smooth boundary. Landform: Mississippi River flood plain and its Bg3—25 to 43 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silty clay tributaries loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure Position on the landform: Mississippi River flood parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; plain—near the loess bluff; tributaries—nearly common medium faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y level to slightly concave areas 4/2) iron depletions; common medium prominent Parent material: Nonacid, silty alluvium brown (7.5YR 4/3) masses of iron accumulation; Slope range: 0 to 2 percent slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth boundary. Associated soils: Adler, Commerce, Dekoven, and Cg—43 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Mhoon silt loam; massive; friable; many medium distinct • Adler soils are moderately well drained dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron depletions; many • Commerce soils contain more clay throughout and medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron are fine-silty accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8). • Dekoven soils have a mollic epipedon and are fine- silty Range in Characteristics • Mhoon soils are poorly drained Solum thickness: 30 to 60 inches Taxonomic class: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, Depth to dominant chroma of 2 or less: 14 to 20 nonacid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts inches Typical Pedon Ap or A horizon: Hue—10YR Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally Value—3 to 5 flooded, in a nearly level cultivated field; 2 miles west Chroma—2 or 3 of Cayce along Kentucky Highway 94, then south 1.3 182 Soil Survey

miles along Kentucky Highway 1127, 600 feet east of accumulation; many prominent black (N 2.5/0) the highway on the south side of Mud Creek; Cayce iron-manganese oxide stains; slightly acid (pH 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east 1,024,400 feet 6.5); abrupt smooth boundary and north 93,300 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid Ab—45 to 60 inches; 50 percent very dark grayish system. brown (10YR 3/2) and 50 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam; massive; friable; many fine Ap1—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and dark moderate medium granular structure; very friable; reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) and common fine many fine roots; common medium distinct grayish prominent dusky red (10R 3/4) masses of iron brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; few fine accumulation; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and distinct smooth boundary. dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron Cgb—60 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) accumulation; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth silt loam; massive; friable; many medium boundary. prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong Ap2—5 to 10 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) silt loam; brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; weak medium platy and weak coarse granular common distinct black (N 2.5/0) manganese or structure; very friable; common fine roots; iron-manganese stains and few nodules common medium distinct light brownish gray throughout; neutral (pH 6.6). (10YR 6/2) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; common fine prominent strong brown Range in Characteristics (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual smooth boundary. Solum thickness: 18 to 30 inches Bw—10 to 19 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) silt loam; Depth to dominant chroma of 2 or less: 14 to 20 weak medium subangular blocky structure parting inches to moderate fine subangular blocky; very friable; Ap horizon: few fine roots; common medium distinct light Hue—10YR brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and grayish brown Value—4 or 5 (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; common medium Chroma—2 or 3 prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few fine Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— accumulation on surfaces along pores; few shades of brown and gray prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese oxide Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline stains; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual smooth boundary. Bw horizon: BCg—19 to 23 inches; 55 percent grayish brown Hue—10YR or 2.5Y (2.5Y 5/2) and 45 percent olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) Value—4 or 5 silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky; very Chroma—3 or 4 friable; many medium distinct light brownish gray Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; many medium Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few fine shades of brown, gray, and red prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline accumulation on surfaces along pores; many BCg horizon (and Bg horizon where present): prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese oxide Hue—10YR or 2.5Y stains; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. Value—4 to 6 Cg1—23 to 29 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt Chroma—1 or 2 loam; massive; very friable; many medium distinct Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR shades of brown, gray, and black 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; many Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese oxide stains; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. Cg and Cgb horizon: Cg2—29 to 45 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) silt loam; Hue—10YR or 2.5Y massive; very friable; many medium prominent Value—4 to 6 strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine Chroma—1 or 2 prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron Fulton County, Kentucky 183

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam, single grain; loose; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); or very fine sandy loam abrupt smooth boundary. Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— C2—16 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand; shades of brown, gray, and black single grain; loose; neutral (pH 7.3). Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline Range in Characteristics Ab horizon: Hue—10YR or 2.5Y A horizon: Value—3 or 4 Hue—10YR Chroma—2 or 3 Value—3 to 5 Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Chroma—2 to 4 Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loamy fine sand shades of brown and red and silt loam Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline AC horizon: Crevasse Series Hue—10YR Value—3 to 5 Depth class: Very deep Chroma—2 to 4 Drainage class: Excessively drained Texture of the fine-earth fraction— loam, fine Permeability: Rapid sandy loam, or loamy fine sand Landform: Mississippi River flood plain Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline Position on the landform: Along the banks of the C horizon: Mississippi River, flood-plain splays, and point Hue—10YR bars Value—4 to 6 Parent material: Sandy alluvium Chroma—3 to 6 Slope range: 0 to 3 percent Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loamy fine Associated soils: Bardwell, Commerce, Robinsonville, sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand and Ware Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline • Bardwell soils are fine-silty and have a mollic epipedon • Commerce soils are somewhat poorly drained and Dekoven Series are fine-silty • Robinsonville and Ware soils have finer textures Depth class: Very deep throughout and are coarse-loamy Drainage class: Poorly drained Permeability: Moderate Taxonomic class: Mixed, thermic Typic Udipsamments Landform: Flood plain tributaries to the Mississippi River that drain loess uplands Typical Pedon Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Crevasse loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, depressional areas along streams and creeks occasionally flooded; 4,000 feet west of Watson Lake Parent material: Silty alluvium in Madrid Bend in the southernmost portion of Watson Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Point and northeast of Kentucky Point Bar; New Associated soils: Adler, Convent, and Mhoon—on Madrid 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east 886,000 similar positions; Center, Kurk, and Routon—on feet and north 97,300 feet by the Kentucky coordinate nearby stream terraces grid system. • Adler soils are moderately well drained and do not have a mollic epipedon A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) • Center, Kurk, and Routon soils are in higher loamy fine sand; weak medium granular structure; positions, have an argillic horizon, and do not have a very friable; common fine roots; slightly alkaline mollic epipedon (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. • Mhoon soils are poorly drained and do not have a AC—4 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine mollic epipedon sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; slightly alkaline (pH Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. thermic Typic Endoaquolls C1—7 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand; 184 Soil Survey

Typical Pedon Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes (fig. 20), occasionally flooded, in a cultivated field; 4.7 miles east of Hickman along Kentucky Highway 94, 0.9 mile south of the junction of Kentucky Highways 94 and 1129, then 200 feet west of Kentucky Highway 1129; Cayce 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east 1,015,500 feet and north 99,900 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary. A—7 to 20 inches; very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. Bg1—20 to 27 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many coarse distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese stains and nodules throughout; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual smooth boundary. Bg2—27 to 44 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; very few fine roots; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and many medium distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) masses of iron accumulation; common prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese stains and nodules throughout; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual smooth boundary. BCg—44 to 62 inches; 50 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and 50 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; many medium distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron depletions in pores; common prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese stains and nodules throughout; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary. Figure 20.—Profile of Dekoven silt loam with a 14-inch layer of Cg1—62 to 68 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silt loam; brown overwash. Most areas of the Dekoven soil have been drained and are used for producing corn and massive; friable; many fine prominent strong soybeans. Depth is marked in inches. brown (7.5YR 5/6) and many medium prominent Fulton County, Kentucky 185

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron Landform: Flood plain (in the easternmost part of the accumulation; many prominent black (N 2.5/0) county) iron-manganese stains and few nodules Position on the landform: Slightly depressional areas throughout; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth along streams and creeks boundary. Parent material: Silty alluvium Cg2—68 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) Slope range: 0 to 2 percent silt loam; massive; friable; many medium Associated soils: Collins and Waverly prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong • Collins soils are moderately well drained brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; • Waverly soils are poorly drained common prominent black (N 2.5/0) manganese or Taxonomic class: Coarse-silty, mixed, active, acid, iron-manganese stains and few nodules thermic Aeric Fluvaquents throughout; neutral (pH 7.3). Typical Pedon Range in Characteristics Falaya silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally Solum thickness: 40 to 80 inches flooded, in a nearly level cultivated field; 3,600 feet Thickness of mollic epipedon: 10 to 23 inches north of the intersection of the Purchase Parkway and Ap and A horizons: Kentucky Highway 307, then 1,500 feet east into a Hue—10YR or 2.5Y narrow bottom on the west side of Harris Fork Creek; Value—2 or 3 Water Valley 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east Chroma—1 to 3 1,084,500 feet and north 86,400 feet by the Kentucky Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam coordinate grid system. Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak Overwash layer (where present): medium granular structure; very friable; common Hue—10YR or 2.5Y fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. Value—4 Bw—8 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak Chroma—3 or 4 medium subangular blocky structure parting to Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam moderate medium granular; friable; few fine roots; Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; few fine distinct strong brown Bg horizon: (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly Hue—10YR or 2.5Y acid; clear smooth boundary. Value—4 or 5 Bg—14 to 24 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Chroma—1 or 2 silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty structure; friable; common medium prominent clay loam brown (10YR 5/3) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— masses of iron accumulation; few distinct black shades of brown, red, and gray (N 2.5/0) manganese or iron-manganese stains Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline and concretions throughout; neutral; gradual BCg and Cg horizons: smooth boundary. Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Cg1—24 to 33 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Value—4 to 6 silt loam; massive; friable; common fine and Chroma—1 or 2 medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam masses of iron accumulation; few distinct black Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— (N 2.5/0) manganese or iron-manganese stains shades of brown and gray and concretions throughout; very strongly acid; Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline gradual smooth boundary. Cg2—33 to 52 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; massive; friable; few fine prominent dark brown Falaya Series (7.5YR 4/4) and common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; Depth class: Very deep few distinct black (N 2.5/0) manganese or iron- Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained manganese stains and concretions throughout; Permeability: Moderate very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 186 Soil Survey

Bwb—52 to 80 inches; 60 percent brown (10YR 5/3) Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— and 40 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt shades of brown and gray loam; massive; firm; common medium distinct Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few distinct black (N 2.5/0) The Falaya soils in Fulton County are taxadjuncts manganese or iron-manganese stains to the Falaya series because they have a cambic throughout; very strongly acid. subsoil horizon. This difference, however, does not affect the use and management of the soils. In this Range in Characteristics survey area, the Falaya soils are coarse-silty, mixed, Depth to dominant chroma of 2 or less: 14 to 20 active, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts. inches Ap horizon: Feliciana Series Hue—10YR Value—4 or 5 Depth class: Very deep Chroma—2 to 4 Drainage class: Well drained Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Permeability: Moderate Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid, Landform: Upland (throughout the eastern half of unless limed Fulton County) Position on the landform: Ridgetops and side slopes Bw horizon: Parent material: Thick loess Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Slope range: 2 to 30 percent Value—4 or 5 Associated soils: Calloway, Grenada, and Loring Chroma—3 to 6 • Calloway soils are somewhat poorly drained and Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam occupy broader, flatter landscapes at a lower Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— elevation shades of brown and gray • Grenada and Loring soils are moderately well Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid, drained and have a fragipan unless limed Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Bg horizon: Ultic Hapludalfs Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Value—4 to 6 Typical Pedon Chroma—1 or 2 Feliciana silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (fig. 21), on Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam a slightly convex ridgetop averaging 3 percent slope Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— in a meadow of fescue; 1 mile east of Crutchfield, 300 shades of brown, red, and gray feet east of the junction of U.S. Highway 51 and Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid, Veach-Howell Road, then 100 feet south into the field; unless limed Crutchfield 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east Cg horizon: 1,070,100 feet and north 103,500 feet by the Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Kentucky coordinate grid system. Value—5 to 7 Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak Chroma—1 or 2 fine granular structure; very friable; many fine Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam roots; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— boundary. shades of brown and yellow Bt1—8 to 12 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Bwb horizon: structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint Hue—10YR or 2.5Y dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay skins on faces of Value—4 or 5 peds; moderately acid (pH 6.0); gradual smooth Chroma—2 to 4 boundary. Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty Bt2—12 to 35 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silt clay loam loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct Fulton County, Kentucky 187

brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay skins on faces of peds; Grenada Series few prominent pockets of pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay depletions on faces of peds; few prominent Depth class: Very deep black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese oxide stains on Drainage class: Moderately well drained faces of peds; moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and smooth boundary. moderately slow in the fragipan Bt3—35 to 48 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; Landform: Upland moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Position on the landform: Broad summits friable; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay skins Parent material: Thick loess on faces of peds; few prominent pale brown Slope range: 0 to 12 percent (10YR 6/3) clay depletions on faces of peds; Associated soils: Calloway, Center, Feliciana, Loring, common prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron- Memphis, and Routon manganese oxide stains on faces of peds; • Calloway soils are somewhat poorly drained moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual smooth • Center and Routon soils are on stream terraces and boundary. do not have a fragipan Bt4—48 to 66 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silt • Feliciana and Memphis soils are well drained and loam; moderate medium subangular blocky do not have a fragipan structure; friable; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) • Loring soils occur at a higher elevation with an clay skins on faces of peds; common prominent appreciably weaker fragipan and do not have a pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay depletions on faces of glossic horizon peds; few prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron- Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic manganese oxide stains on faces of peds; Oxyaquic Fraglossudalfs moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual smooth boundary. Typical Pedon BC—66 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (fig. 22), on a weak medium subangular blocky structure; smooth 4 percent slope in a cultivated field; 0.85 mile friable; few prominent pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay west of Crutchfield along Kentucky Highway 924, then depletions on faces of peds; few prominent black 100 feet south into the cultivated field; Crutchfield 7.5 (N 2.5/0) manganese or iron-manganese stains minute USGS quadrangle; east about 1,060,200 feet on faces of peds; moderately acid (pH 6.0). and north about 104,400 feet by the Kentucky Range in Characteristics coordinate grid system. Solum thickness: 48 to 80 inches Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak Ap horizon: medium granular structure; very friable; many fine Hue—10YR roots; few medium distinct grayish brown (10YR Value—4 or 5 5/2) iron depletions; dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) Chroma—2 to 4 masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.6); Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam clear smooth boundary. Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid, BA—7 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt unless limed loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; slightly acid (pH 6.5); Bt horizon: clear smooth boundary. Hue—7.5YR or 10YR Bw—13 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) silt Value—4 or 5 loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Chroma—4 to 6 structure; friable; common fine roots; few fine Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay depletions; clay loam few distinct soft brown and black iron-manganese Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid stains; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy BC horizon: boundary. Hue—7.5YR E/Bt—24 to 30 inches; 60 percent light brownish gray Value—4 or 5 (10YR 6/2) silt loam (E); moderate fine and Chroma—4 to 6 medium subangular blocky structure; friable; Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam common fine roots; few distinct soft brown and Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid black iron-manganese stains; 40 percent 188 Soil Survey

Figure 21.—Profile of Feliciana silt loam. Feliciana soils are very deep and well drained as evidenced by their brown, oxidized colors throughout. Depth is marked in feet.

Figure 22.—Profile of Grenada silt loam. Grenada soils have a fragipan in the lower part of the profile, which restricts vertical water movement and root penetration. Depth is marked in inches. Fulton County, Kentucky 189

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam (Bt); Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay skins on faces shades of brown of peds; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear irregular Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam boundary. Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid Btx1/E—30 to 42 inches; 60 percent strong brown E/Bt horizon: (10YR 4/6) silty clay loam (Btx); weak very coarse Hue—10YR or 2.5Y prismatic structure parting to moderate medium Value—6 or 7 (E); 4 to 6 (Bt) subangular blocky; very firm; compact and brittle; Chroma—2 or 3 (E); 4 to 6 (Bt) very few fine roots along prism faces; common Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses shades of brown and gray of iron accumulation; many distinct gray (7.5YR Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silt 5/1) and brown (7.5YR 5/2) clay skins on faces of (E); silt loam or silty clay loam (Bt) prisms; 40 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid silt loam as tongues between prisms (E); weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; Btx/E horizon: very friable; many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) Hue—7.5YR or 10YR (Btx); 10YR or 2.5Y (E) manganese stains and nodules; strongly acid (pH Value—4 or 5 (Btx); 6 or 7 (E) 5.5); gradual smooth boundary. Chroma—3 to 6 (Btx); 2 or 3 (E) Btx2—42 to 66 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— moderate very coarse prismatic structure; very shades of brown and gray firm; compact and brittle; very few fine roots Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty occupying gray zones between prisms; few clay loam (Btx); silt loam or silt (E) distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay skins along prism Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid faces; common medium prominent light brownish Btx horizon: gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common Hue—7.5YR or 10YR prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) clay depletions Value—4 or 5 on prism faces; common distinct black (N 2.5/0) Chroma—3 to 6 manganese stains; moderately acid (pH 5.5); Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— gradual wavy boundary. shades of brown and gray Bx—66 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty moderate coarse prismatic structure; very firm; clay loam compact and brittle; few medium prominent light Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) clay Bx horizon: depletions on prism faces; many prominent black Hue—7.5YR or 10YR (N 2.5/0) manganese or iron-manganese stains Value—4 or 5 on faces of peds; moderately acid (pH 6.0) Chroma—3 to 6 Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Range in Characteristics shades of brown and gray Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches or more Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Depth to fragipan: 20 to 36 inches Reaction—strongly acid to neutral Ap and BA horizons: Hue—10YR Value—4 or 5 Keyespoint Series Chroma—2 to 4 Depth class: Very deep Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid, Permeability: Very slow in the upper clayey layers and unless limed moderately rapid in the lower loamy layers Bw horizon: Landform: Mississippi River flood plain Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Value—4 to 6 concave slackwater areas Chroma—4 to 6 Parent material: Clayey alluvium over loamy alluvium Slope range: 0 to 2 percent 190 Soil Survey

Associated soils: Bondurant, Bowdre, Commerce, few medium faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Openlake, Sharkey, and Tunica masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); • Bondurant soils contain a mollic epipedon and are gradual smooth boundary. clayey throughout the particle-size control section 2C3—54 to 80 inches; brown (2.5Y 4/3) fine sandy • Bowdre soils contain a mollic epipedon loam; massive; very friable; neutral (pH 6.8). • Commerce soils contain less clay throughout and Range in Characteristics are fine-silty • Openlake soils are clayey throughout the particle- Solum thickness: 24 to 38 inches size control section Depth to layers of contrasting texture: 24 to 40 inches • Sharkey and Tunica soils are poorly drained Depth to dominant chroma of 2: 10 to 20 inches Taxonomic class: Clayey over loamy, smectitic over Ap horizon: mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Vertic Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Epiaquepts Value—3 or 4 Chroma—2 or 3 Typical Pedon Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam Keyespoint silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— frequently flooded; 4 miles northeast of Hickman in shades of brown and gray the Upper Bottom, 300 feet west of the area referred Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline to as the 1,000-acre woods; Hickman 7.5 minute Bg horizon: USGS quadrangle; east 1,007,800 feet and north Hue—10YR or 2.5Y 122,000 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. Value—4 or 5 Ap1—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y Chroma—2 3/2) silty clay loam; weak medium granular Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam, structure; friable; common fine roots; common silty clay, or clay krotovinas; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— boundary. shades of brown and gray Ap2—3 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular 2C horizon blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few Hue—10YR or 2.5Y medium faint dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron depletions; Value—4 or 5 common krotovinas; neutral (pH 6.8); clear Chroma—2 or 3 smooth boundary. Texture of the fine-earth fraction— clay loam, Bg1—8 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam silty clay; weak coarse subangular blocky Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; shades of brown and gray very firm; very few fine roots; common medium Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline faint dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron depletions; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common pressure faces Kurk Series throughout; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); gradual smooth boundary. Depth class: Very deep Bg2—24 to 36 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silty clay Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Permeability: Moderate in the upper part of the solum firm; many medium distinct dark grayish brown and moderately slow in the lower part (10YR 4/2) masses of iron accumulation; neutral Landform: Tributary stream terrace and near the head (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. of upland drainageways 2C1—36 to 44 inches; 55 percent brown (2.5Y 4/3) Position on the landform: Slightly depressional areas and 45 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; Parent material: Silty alluvium and loess massive; friable; slightly acid (pH 6.5); gradual Slope range: 0 to 2 percent smooth boundary. Associated soils: Adler, Convent, Dekoven, and 2C2—44 to 54 inches; brown (2.5Y 4/3) fine sandy Mhoon—on flood plains; Center and Routon—on loam; massive; very friable; very few fine roots; stream terraces Fulton County, Kentucky 191

• Adler, Convent, Dekoven, and Mhoon soils do not Btg3—42 to 65 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt have argillic horizons loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; • Center soils are moderately well drained friable; common faint gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay skins in • Routon soils are poorly drained pores and along faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic iron accumulation; common prominent black Aeric Epiaqualfs (N 2.5/0) manganese stains; slightly acid (pH Typical Pedon 6.2); clear smooth boundary. 2BC—65 to 80 inches; 50 percent grayish brown Typical pedon of Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, (2.5Y 5/2) and 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR on a smooth 1 percent slope in a cultivated field; 5/4) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky 4,000 feet south of the intersection of Kentucky structure; firm; many medium prominent yellowish Highway 94 and Little Bayou de Chien, 2.1 miles east brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; of Cayce; Crutchfield 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; few prominent black (N 2.5/0) manganese stains; east 1,047,100 feet and north 92,600 feet by the slightly acid (pH 6.5). Kentucky coordinate grid system. Range in Characteristics Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; very Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches or more friable; common fine roots; common fine distinct Depth to dominant chroma of 2 or less: 14 to 20 brown (7.5YR 4/3) masses of iron accumulation; inches common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y Ap horizon: 5/2) iron depletions; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt Hue—10YR smooth boundary. Value—4 or 5 BE—8 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt Chroma—2 to 4 loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry; weak Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine Reaction—slightly acid or neutral, unless limed roots; few fine prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; few medium distinct BE horizon (and Bw horizon where present): strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron Hue—10YR or 2.5Y accumulation; common prominent black (N 2.5/0) Value—4 to 6 iron-manganese stains and soft brown Chroma—3 to 6 concretions; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam boundary. Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Btg1—15 to 27 inches; 50 percent light brownish gray shades of brown and gray (10YR 6/2) and 50 percent grayish brown (2.5Y Reaction—slightly acid or neutral, unless limed 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular Btg horizon: blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common Hue—10YR or 2.5Y distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) clay skins in pores and Value—5 to 7 along faces of peds; many medium prominent Chroma—1 or 2 strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty accumulation; common prominent black (N 2.5/0) clay loam manganese stains and concretions; strongly acid Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— (pH 5.5); clear smooth boundary. shades of brown and red Btg2—27 to 42 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) Reaction—strongly acid to neutral silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common 2BC horizon (and 2C horizon where present): distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) clay skins in pores and Hue—7.5YR or 10YR along faces of peds; many medium prominent Value—4 to 6 strong brown (10YR 5/6) and common medium Chroma—4 to 6 prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) masses of iron Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, silty accumulation; common prominent black (N 2.5/0) clay loam, or loam manganese stains and concretions; moderately Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— acid (pH 5.8); gradual smooth boundary. shades of brown and gray Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline 192 Soil Survey

Loring Series (7.5YR 5/2) clay skins on faces of peds; many prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese stains Depth class: Very deep and concretions; moderately acid (pH 5.6); clear Drainage class: Moderately well drained wavy boundary. Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and Bt3—25 to 31 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay moderately slow in the fragipan loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Landform: Upland structure; firm; common fine roots; many medium Position on the landform: Ridgetops and side slopes prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of Parent material: Thick loess iron accumulation; many fine distinct light Slope range: 0 to 20 percent brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; Associated soils: Calloway, Feliciana, Grenada, and common prominent light yellowish brown (2.5Y Memphis 6/3) clay depletions; few distinct brown (7.5YR • Calloway soils occur at a lower elevation and are 5/2) clay skins on faces of peds; common somewhat poorly drained prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese stains • Feliciana and Memphis soils are well drained and and concretions; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); clear do not have a fragipan smooth boundary. • Grenada soils occupy broader upland summits and Btx—31 to 46 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; have a glossic horizon weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; very Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic few fine roots; few fine distinct strong brown Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs (7.5YR 5/6) and many medium distinct light olive Typical Pedon brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; common medium prominent light brownish gray Loring silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (fig. 23), on a (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common prominent slightly convex ridgetop with 3 percent slope in a light gray (10YR 7/1) clay depletions; common cultivated field; 1,900 feet south of the intersection of prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese stains Kentucky Highway 94 and Kentucky Highway 239 at and concretions; slight brittleness in some peds; Cayce, then 300 feet east in the field; Cayce 7.5 strongly acid (pH 5.1); gradual smooth boundary. minute USGS quadrangle; east 1,036,400 feet and Bx—46 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; north 95,700 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid weak medium prismatic structure; firm; few fine system. distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and many Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moderate fine and medium granular structure; masses of iron accumulation; common medium very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid (pH prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron 5.9); clear smooth boundary. depletions; few prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) Bt1—9 to 21 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silt clay depletions; common prominent black loam; moderate medium subangular blocky (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese stains and concretions; structure; friable; common fine roots; few medium slight brittleness in some peds; strongly acid (pH distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron 5.5). accumulation; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay Range in Characteristics skins on faces of peds; few prominent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) clay depletions; few Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches or more prominent black (N 2.5/0) manganese or iron- Depth to fragipan: 18 to 35 inches manganese stains; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth Ap horizon: boundary. Hue—10YR Bt2—21 to 25 inches; 60 percent yellowish brown Value—4 or 5 (10YR 5/4) and 40 percent brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt Chroma—2 to 4 loam; moderate fine and medium subangular Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid, common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) unless limed masses of iron accumulation; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron BA and BE horizons (where present): depletions; common distinct light yellowish brown Hue—10YR (2.5Y 6/3) clay depletions; few distinct brown Value—4 or 5 Fulton County, Kentucky 193

Chroma—4 to 6 meadow of fescue; 1.7 miles southeast of Hickman Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam along Kentucky Highway 125, approximately 2,500 Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid, feet southwest of the Hickman Country Club; unless limed Hickman 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east 1,995,800 feet and north 95,750 feet by the Kentucky Bt horizon: coordinate grid system. Hue—7.5YR or 10YR Value—4 or 5 Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak Chroma—4 to 6 fine granular structure; very friable; many fine Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty roots; slightly acid (pH 6.3); clear smooth clay loam boundary. Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Bt1—7 to 17 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silt shades of brown loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid, structure; friable; common fine roots; few distinct unless limed brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay skins on faces of peds; few prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese Btx horizon: oxide stains on faces of peds; strongly acid (pH Hue—7.5YR or 10YR 5.5); clear smooth boundary. Value—4 or 5 Bt2—17 to 31 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; Chroma—4 to 6 weak coarse subangular blocky parting to Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— friable; common fine roots; few faint brown shades of brown and gray (7.5YR 4/3) clay skins on faces of peds; few Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid prominent pockets of pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay Bx horizon (and BC and C horizons where present): depletions on faces of peds; few prominent black Hue—7.5YR or 10YR (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese oxide stains on faces of Value—4 or 5 peds; moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual smooth Chroma—4 to 6 boundary. Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Bt3—31 to 61 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— weak coarse subangular blocky parting to shades of brown and gray moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid friable; few fine roots; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay skins on faces of peds; common prominent pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay depletions on faces of Memphis Series peds; few prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron- manganese oxide stains on faces of peds; Depth class: Very deep moderately acid (pH 6.0); gradual smooth Drainage class: Well drained boundary. Permeability: Moderate BC—61 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; Landform: Upland (throughout the western half of weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; Fulton County) few prominent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) Position on the landform: Ridgetops and side slopes clay depletions on faces of peds; few prominent Parent material: Thick loess black (N 2.5/0) manganese or iron-manganese Slope range: 0 to 50 percent stains on faces of peds; slightly acid (pH 6.1). Associated soils: Grenada, Loring, and Natchez • Grenada and Loring soils are moderately well Range in Characteristics drained and have a fragipan • Natchez soils occur in similar positions but do not Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches or more have an argillic horizon and are coarse-silty Ap horizon: Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Hue—10YR Typic Hapludalfs Value—4 or 5 Chroma—2 to 4 Typical Pedon Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Memphis silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, on a slightly Reaction—strongly acid or moderately acid, convex ridgetop averaging 3 percent slope in a unless limed 194 Soil Survey

Bt horizon: Ap2—5 to 9 inches; 50 percent grayish brown (2.5Y Hue—7.5YR or 10YR 5/2) and 50 percent dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Value—4 or 5 silt loam; weak medium granular structure; firm; Chroma—4 to 6 common fine roots; many medium faint gray (2.5Y Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty 5/1) iron depletions; many fine prominent dark clay loam brown (7.5YR 3/3) masses of iron accumulation; Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid common prominent black (N 2.5/0) iron- manganese oxide stains; neutral (pH 7.0); clear BC horizon (and C horizon where present): smooth boundary. Hue—7.5YR Bg1—9 to 22 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam; Value—4 or 5 weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; Chroma—4 to 6 few fine roots; many fine and medium prominent Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) masses of iron Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. Mhoon Series Bg2—22 to 33 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Depth class: Very deep many medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly masses of iron accumulation; few distinct black drained (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese oxide stains; neutral Permeability: Moderate (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. Landform: Mississippi River flood plain and its Cg—33 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; tributaries massive; friable; common fine prominent strong Position on the landform: Depressional areas brown (7.5YR 4/6) and common medium Parent material: Silty alluvium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) masses of iron Slope range: 0 to 2 percent accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8). Associated soils: Adler, Convent, Dekoven, Kurk, and Range in Characteristics Routon • Adler soils are moderately well drained Solum thickness: 20 to 50 inches • Convent soils are somewhat poorly drained Depth to dominant chroma of 2 or less: Directly below • Dekoven soils have a mollic epipedon the surface layer • Kurk and Routon soils have an argillic horizon and Ap or A horizon: occur on nearby stream terraces Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, Value—4 or 5 nonacid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts Chroma—1 to 3 Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Typical Pedon Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Mhoon silt loam, in an area of Convent-Mhoon shades of brown, red, and gray complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, on Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline a nearly level 1 percent slope in a cultivated field; 3.1 Bg horizon: miles west of Cayce along Kentucky Highway 94, Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y then 1,300 feet southeast of the junction of Kentucky Value—4 to 6 Highway 94 and Roper School Road; Cayce 7.5 Chroma—1 or 2 minute USGS quadrangle; east 1,019,200 feet and Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty north 99,800 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid clay loam system. Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— shades of brown, red, and gray Ap1—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silt Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; common medium distinct gray Cg horizon (and BCg horizon where present): (2.5Y 5/1) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y depletions; common fine prominent dark brown Value—4 to 6 (7.5YR 3/3) masses of iron accumulation; slightly Chroma—1 or 2 acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth boundary. Fulton County, Kentucky 195

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty friable; few distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay clay loam depletions along faces of peds; few prominent Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese oxide stains on shades of brown, red, and gray faces of peds; moderately acid (pH 6.0); gradual Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline smooth boundary. C—48 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt; massive; friable; few distinct pale brown (10YR Natchez Series 6/3) clay depletions along faces of peds; neutral (pH 6.6). Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Range in Characteristics Permeability: Moderate Solum thickness: 20 to 48 inches Landform: Loess bluff Position on the landform: Very steep side slopes A horizon: Parent material: Thick loess Hue—10YR Slope range: 30 to 50 percent Value—3 to 5 Associated soils: Memphis Chroma—2 to 4 • Memphis soils have an argillic horizon and are fine- Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam silty Reaction—strongly acid to neutral Taxonomic class: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, BA horizon: thermic Typic Eutrudepts Hue—10YR Value—4 or 5 Typical Pedon Chroma—4 Natchez silt loam, in an area of Memphis-Natchez Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, gullied, on a Reaction—strongly acid to neutral wooded, east-facing side slope averaging 50 percent Bw and BC horizon: slope and consisting of American beech, white ash, Hue—10YR yellow-poplar, and red maple; 1.8 miles southwest of Value—4 or 5 Brownsville along Kentucky Highway 925 in the Chroma—3 to 6 vicinity of Wilson Hill, 2,000 feet northwest of Beech Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Grove Church; Hickman 7.5 minute quadrangle; east Reaction—strongly acid to neutral 973,000 feet and north 87,500 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. C horizon: Hue—10YR A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt Value—4 to 6 loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; Chroma—3 to 6 very friable; many fine roots; neutral (pH 7.3); Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt or silt loam clear smooth boundary. Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline BA—3 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; neutral (pH 7.0); clear Openlake Series smooth boundary. Bw1—8 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt Depth class: Very deep loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained friable; common fine roots; moderately acid (pH Permeability: Very slow 5.8); clear smooth boundary. Landform: Mississippi River flood plain Bw2—24 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky concave slackwater areas structure; friable; very few fine roots; few Parent material: Clayey alluvium prominent black Slope range: 0 to 2 percent (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese oxide stains on faces of Associated soils: Bondurant, Bowdre, Commerce, peds; moderately acid (pH 6.0); gradual smooth Keyespoint, Sharkey, and Tunica boundary. • Bondurant soils have a mollic epipedon BC—40 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt • Bowdre soils have a mollic epipedon and contain a loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; loamy texture within 24 inches 196 Soil Survey

• Commerce soils contain less clay throughout and BCg—51 to 65 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) are fine-silty silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky • Keyespoint soils have a loamy texture within 40 structure; friable; many medium distinct gray inches (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; many medium • Sharkey and Tunica soils are poorly drained prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few krotovinas; neutral (pH Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic 7.0); gradual smooth boundary Vertic Epiaquepts Cg—65 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) and grayish Typical Pedon brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; massive; friable; many medium distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Openlake silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, iron depletions; many fine prominent strong frequently flooded; 4 miles northeast of Hickman in brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR the Upper Bottom along Upper Bottom Road, 3,000 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH feet west-southwest of the second bridge over Obion 7.0). Creek among a mix of soybeans and pecan trees; Hickman 7.5 minute quadrangle; east 999,300 feet Range in Characteristics and north 122,000 feet by the Kentucky coordinate Solum thickness: 37 to 80 inches grid system. Depth to dominant chroma of 2: 10 to 20 inches Ap1—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR Ap horizon: 3/2) silty clay loam; weak medium granular Hue—10YR or 2.5Y structure; friable; common fine roots; slightly Value—3 or 4 alkaline (pH 7.5); abrupt smooth boundary. Chroma—2 or 3 Ap2—3 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine shades of brown and gray distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; slightly Reaction—strongly acid to moderately alkaline alkaline (pH 7.5); clear smooth boundary. Bg1—6 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Bg horizon: silty clay; weak coarse angular blocky structure Hue—10YR or 2.5Y parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very Value—4 or 5 firm; few fine roots; many medium prominent gray Chroma—2 (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; common fine Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam, prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of silty clay, or clay iron accumulation; common prominent black Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— (N 2.5/0) carbonaceous stains throughout from shades of brown and gray old roots; common krotovinas; common pressure Reaction—strongly acid to moderately alkaline faces; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual smooth boundary. BCg and Cg horizons: Bg2—17 to 36 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Hue—10YR or 2.5Y silty clay; weak coarse angular blocky structure Value—4 to 6 parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very Chroma—1 or 2 firm; very few fine roots; many medium distinct Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, silty gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; many medium clay loam, or silty clay prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— iron accumulation; common prominent black shades of brown and gray (N 2.5/0) carbonaceous stains; common Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline krotovinas; common pressure faces; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual smooth boundary. Bg3—36 to 51 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Phillippy Series silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common pressure faces; many Depth class: Very deep medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; Drainage class: Moderately well drained many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR Permeability: Slow in the upper clayey layers, 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few krotovinas; moderate in the subsoil, and moderately rapid to slightly acid (pH 6.5); gradual smooth boundary. rapid in the substratum Fulton County, Kentucky 197

Landform: Mississippi River flood plain moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Position on the landform: Old natural levees and low firm; very few fine roots; few medium distinct ridges grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions on Parent material: Clayey alluvium over loamy alluvium surfaces along pores; few fine faint brown (7.5YR Slope range: 0 to 3 percent 4/3) masses of iron accumulation around Associated soils: Bardwell, Bondurant, Bowdre, depletions; common faint very dark grayish brown Commerce, Openlake, and Ware (10YR 3/2) coatings on faces of peds; moderately • Bardwell soils are not clayey in the upper part and acid (pH 5.9); clear smooth boundary. are fine-silty 2Bw2—24 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very fine • Bondurant soils are at a lower elevation, are sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky somewhat poorly drained, and are clayey structure; very friable; common medium • Bowdre soils are at a lower elevation and are prominent gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions on somewhat poorly drained surfaces along pores; few fine faint brown (7.5YR • Commerce soils are at a lower elevation, are 4/3) masses of iron accumulation around somewhat poorly drained, and are fine-silty depletions; moderately acid (pH 5.7); clear • Openlake soils are at a lower elevation, are smooth boundary. somewhat poorly drained, are clayey, and do not 2BC—29 to 42 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand; have a mollic epipedon weak medium granular structure; very friable; • Ware soils are in similar positions, but are more moderately acid (pH 5.9); gradual smooth sandy throughout and are coarse-loamy boundary. 2C1—42 to 65 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand; Taxonomic class: Clayey over loamy, smectitic over single grain; loose; moderately acid (pH 5.9); mixed, superactive, thermic Oxyaquic Hapludolls gradual smooth boundary Typical Pedon 2C2—65 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; common Phillippy silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, medium prominent gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron protected; 10.8 miles southwest of Hickman along depletions; common medium distinct dark brown Kentucky Highway 94 in the Lower Bottom near Tyler, (7.5YR 3/3) and common medium prominent 0.85 mile west of the junction of Kentucky Highway 94 strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron and Tyler Road, then 800 feet south of Tyler Road in accumulation in matrix around depletions; a cultivated field, 0.5 mile north of the Kentucky- moderately acid (pH 5.9). Tennessee state line; Bondurant 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; east 937,700 feet and north 84,200 feet Range in Characteristics by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. Solum thickness: 24 to 48 inches Ap1—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR Depth to layers of contrasting texture: 18 to 36 inches 3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR Thickness of mollic epipedon: 10 to 23 inches 4/2) dry; weak coarse granular and moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine Ap horizon: roots; neutral (pH 6.9); clear smooth boundary. Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Ap2—3 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR Value—2 or 3 3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR Chroma—1 to 3 4/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky parting Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam to moderate fine subangular blocky structure; Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline firm; common fine roots; moderately acid (pH A horizon: 6.0); clear smooth boundary. Hue—10YR or 2.5Y A—10 to 19 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay, Value—2 or 3 dark grayish brown (10YR 4/3) dry; weak medium Chroma—1 to 3 subangular blocky parting to moderate fine Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay, clay, angular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; or silty clay loam common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline coatings on faces of peds; few pressure faces; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary. 2Bw horizon: 2Bw1—19 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; Hue—10YR or 2.5Y 198 Soil Survey

Value—4 or 5 Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, Chroma—3 or 4 nonacid, thermic Typic Udifluvents Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, Typical Pedon loam, or very fine sandy loam Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, shades of brown and gray occasionally flooded, in a nearly level cultivated field; Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline in Madrid Bend, 3,000 feet west-northwest of Washpan Lake; New Madrid 7.5 minute USGS 2BC horizon quadrangle; east 896,200 feet and north 93,200 feet Hue—10YR or 2.5Y by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. Value—4 to 6 Chroma—3 or 4 Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, fine loam; weak medium granular structure; very sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy fine friable; common fine roots; neutral (pH 7.0); sand, or fine sand abrupt smooth boundary. Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— AC—5 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy shades of brown and gray loam; weak medium granular structure; very Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline friable; few fine roots; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. 2C horizon C1—14 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy Hue—10YR or 2.5Y loam; massive; very friable; very few fine roots; Value—4 to 6 neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. Chroma—3 or 4 C2—30 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy Texture of the fine-earth fraction—fine sandy loam; massive; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); loam, very fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy gradual smooth boundary. fine sand, fine sand, or sand C3—60 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very fine Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— sandy loam; massive; moderately alkaline (pH shades of brown and gray 8.0). Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline Range in Characteristics

Robinsonville Series Ap horizon: Hue—10YR Depth class: Very deep Value—3 to 5 Drainage class: Well drained Chroma—2 to 4 Permeability: Moderate Texture of the fine-earth fraction—fine sandy loam Landform: Mississippi River flood plain Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline Position on the landform: Low ridges, old natural AC horizon: levees, and higher areas on the flood plain Hue—10YR Parent material: Loamy alluvium Value—4 or 5 Slope range: 0 to 3 percent Chroma—3 or 4 Associated soils: Bardwell, Bondurant, Bowdre, Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, very fine Commerce, Crevasse, and Ware sandy loam, fine sandy loam • Bardwell soils contain more clay and less sand Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline throughout and are fine-silty • Bondurant soils are at a lower elevation and are C horizon: clayey throughout Hue—10YR • Bowdre soils occupy a lower elevation, are clayey in Value—4 to 6 the upper part, and are somewhat poorly drained Chroma—3 or 4 • Commerce soils are somewhat poorly drained and Texture of the fine-earth fraction—very fine sandy are fine-silty loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy • Crevasse soils are more sandy throughout and are fine sand excessively drained Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline • Ware soils have a mollic epipedon Fulton County, Kentucky 199

Roellen Series moderate medium and coarse angular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; many medium Depth class: Very deep prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) and strong Drainage class: Poorly drained brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; Permeability: Very slow common pressure faces; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual Landform: Mississippi River flood plain smooth boundary. Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Bg2—19 to 42 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay; weak concave slackwater areas coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; Parent material: Clayey alluvium very few fine roots; common pressure faces; Slope range: 0 to 2 percent many medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) Associated soils: Bondurant, Bowdre, Commerce, and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) masses of iron Keyespoint, Openlake, Sharkey, and Tunica accumulation; common pressure faces; slightly • Bondurant soils are somewhat poorly drained and alkaline (pH 7.5); gradual smooth boundary. occur at a slightly higher elevation Cg—42 to 80 inches; gray (N 5/0) silty clay; massive; • Bowdre soils are somewhat poorly drained and very firm; many medium prominent dark reddish contain a loamy texture within 2 feet brown (5YR 3/3) masses of iron accumulation; • Commerce soils contain less clay throughout and slightly alkaline (pH 7.5). are somewhat poorly drained Range in Characteristics • Keyespoint soils are somewhat poorly drained and have a loamy texture within 40 inches Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches • Openlake soils are somewhat poorly drained, do Depth to dominant chroma of 2: Directly below the not have a mollic epipedon, and occur at a slightly surface layer higher elevation Ap and A horizons: • Sharkey and Tunica soils do not have a mollic Hue—10YR or 2.5Y epipedon and occur in adjacent swales and Value—2 or 3 backswamps Chroma—1 or 2 Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay Fluvaquentic Vertic Epiaquolls Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— shades of brown and gray Typical Pedon Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline Roellen silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally Bg horizon: flooded; in the Lower Bottom, 1,100 feet northwest of Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Midway Church in a cultivated field; Bondurant 7.5 Value—4 to 6 minute USGS quadrangle; east 939,600 feet and Chroma—1; 2 if value is 5 or 6 north 93,500 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay or clay system. Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Ap—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR shades of red, brown, and gray 3/2) silty clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; Cg horizon common fine roots; common medium distinct gray Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; common fine distinct Value—4 to 6 dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron Chroma—0 to 2 accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam, boundary. silty clay, or clay A—5 to 13 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— silty clay, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) dry; shades of red, brown, and gray moderate medium and coarse angular blocky Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline structure; very firm; common fine roots; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; common fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) Routon Series masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. Depth class: Very deep Bg1—13 to 19 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; Drainage class: Poorly drained 200 Soil Survey

Figure 23.—Profile of Loring silt loam. Loring soils have a slowly permeable fragipan in the lower part of the profile. Depth is marked in feet.

Figure 24.—Profile of Routon silt loam. Routon soils have a depleted gray matrix within 10 inches of the surface due to a seasonally high water table and are considered hydric soils. Notice the prominent reddish brown iron oxide concentrations at about 4 inches. Depth is marked in inches. Fulton County, Kentucky 201

Permeability: Slow manganese stains and nodules; very strongly Landform: Stream terrace and upland acid (pH 4.9); abrupt smooth boundary. Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly Btg1—15 to 27 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) concave, depressional areas silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Parent material: Silty alluvium and loess structure; friable; common fine and few medium Slope range: 0 to 2 percent roots; common medium prominent brown (7.5YR Associated soils: Calloway, Center, and Kurk—on 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; common similar landforms; Convent, Dekoven, and distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay skins on Mhoon—on adjacent flood plains ped faces; common faint gray (10YR 6/1) clay • Calloway soils are somewhat poorly drained and depletions, light gray (N 7/0 dry); few prominent have a fragipan dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) manganese stains and • Center soils are moderately well drained nodules; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); gradual • Convent and Mhoon soils do not have an argillic smooth boundary. horizon Btg2—27 to 48 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) • Dekoven soils have a mollic epipedon and do not silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky have an argillic horizon structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine • Kurk soils are somewhat poorly drained prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and few coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic of iron accumulation; common distinct gray Typic Epiaqualfs (7.5YR 5/1) clay skins on ped faces; few Typical Pedon prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) manganese stains and nodules; very strongly acid (pH 4.8); Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (fig. 24), in a clear smooth boundary. nearly level forest of shagbark hickory; 1.5 miles west BCg—48 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) of Fulton along Kentucky Highway 166 (middle road), silt loam; weak medium prismatic structure then 0.5 mile south along Mount Carmel Road, then parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; 1,400 feet east along a property line of scattered firm; very few fine roots; common medium trees; Crutchfield 7.5 minute quadrangle; east prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and many 1,068,100 feet and north 79,900 feet by the Kentucky coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) coordinate grid system. and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron A1—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt accumulation; common prominent black (N 2.5/0) loam; moderate medium granular structure; very manganese stains; strongly acid (pH 5.1); clear friable; many fine and few medium roots; common smooth boundary. medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of C—60 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt iron accumulation; common medium distinct gray loam; massive; firm; common medium distinct (10YR 5/1) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; depletions; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); clear few fine distinct (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron smooth boundary. accumulation; common prominent black (N 2.5/0) A2—4 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt manganese stains; strongly acid (pH 5.5). loam; moderate medium and coarse granular structure; very friable; many fine and few medium Range in Characteristics roots; many medium prominent brown (7.5YR Solum thickness: 40 to 65 inches 4/4) and reddish brown (5YR 4/4) masses of iron Depth to dominant chroma of 2 or less: 0 to 10 inches accumulation; many medium and coarse faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; A or Ap horizon: very strongly acid (pH 5.0); abrupt smooth Hue—10YR boundary. Value—4 or 5 Eg—8 to 15 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; Chroma—2 or 3 moderate fine and medium subangular blocky Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam structure; very friable; many fine and few medium Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— roots; common medium prominent brown (7.5YR shades of brown and gray 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; many medium Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid, faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron unless limed depletions; few prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) 202 Soil Survey

Eg horizon: • Bowdre soils occur at a higher elevation on the Hue—10YR or 2.5Y flood plain, contain a loamy texture within 2 feet, have Value—6 or 7 a mollic epipedon, and are somewhat poorly drained Chroma—1 or 2 • Commerce soils occur at a higher elevation on the Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt or silt loam flood plain, contain less clay throughout, and are Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— somewhat poorly drained shades of brown • Keyespoint soils occur at a higher elevation on the Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid, flood plain, have a loamy texture within 40 inches, unless limed and are somewhat poorly drained • Openlake soils occur at a higher elevation on the Btg horizon: flood plain and are somewhat poorly drained Hue—10YR or 2.5Y • Roellen soils occur at a higher elevation on the Value—5 to 7 flood plain and have a mollic epipedon Chroma—1 or 2 • Tunica soils have a loamy texture within 3 feet Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty clay loam Taxonomic class: Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Chromic Epiaquerts shades of brown and red Typical Pedon Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid Sharkey silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently BCg horizon: flooded; in the Upper Bottom 2 miles northeast of Hue—10YR Hickman in the Obion Creek Wildlife Management Value—5 or 6 Area, 1 mile east of the junction of Upper Bottom Chroma—1 or 2 Road and Salmon Lane, then 700 feet north of Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Salmon Lane; Hickman 7.5 minute quadrangle; east Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— 1,003,300 feet and north 114,500 feet by the shades of brown, red, and gray Kentucky coordinate grid system. Reaction—strongly acid or moderately acid Ap—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR C horizon: 3/2) silty clay; weak medium subangular blocky Hue—7.5YR or 10YR structure; firm; common fine roots; common Value—4 or 5 medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; Chroma—3 to 6 common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— 6.8); clear smooth boundary. shades of brown and gray Bg1—5 to 17 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) silty clay; Reaction—strongly acid or moderately acid moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; common pressure faces; Sharkey Series many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron Depth class: Very deep accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual smooth Drainage class: Poorly drained boundary. Permeability: Very slow Bg2—17 to 36 inches; gray (N 5/0) silty clay; weak Landform: Mississippi River flood plain coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; Position on the landform: Concave swales and very few fine roots; common pressure faces; backswamps many medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) Parent material: Clayey alluvium and (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; Slope range: 0 to 2 percent slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); gradual smooth Associated soils: Bondurant, Bowdre, Commerce, boundary. Keyespoint, Openlake, Roellen, and Tunica Cg—36 to 80 inches; gray (N 5/0) silty clay; massive; • Bondurant soils occur at a higher elevation on the very firm; common pressure faces; many medium flood plain, have a mollic epipedon, and are prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) somewhat poorly drained masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5). Fulton County, Kentucky 203

Range in Characteristics somewhat poorly drained, and are clayey throughout the particle-size control section Solum thickness: 36 to 70 inches • Bowdre soils have a mollic epipedon and are Depth to dominant chroma of 2: Directly below the somewhat poorly drained surface layer • Commerce soils contain less clay throughout and A or Ap horizon: are fine-silty Hue—10YR or 2.5Y • Keyespoint soils are somewhat poorly drained Value—2 to 4 • Openlake soils are somewhat poorly drained and Chroma—1 or 2 clayey throughout the particle-size control section Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay • Sharkey soils are clayey throughout the particle- Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— size control section shades of brown and gray Taxonomic class: Clayey over loamy, smectitic over Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Vertic Bg horizon: Epiaquepts Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral Typical Pedon Value—4 to 6 Chroma—1; 2 if value is greater than 4 Tunica silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay or clay flooded; in the Upper Bottom 2 miles north of Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Hickman along Upper Bottom Road, then 2.3 miles shades of red, brown, and gray east along Salmon Lane in a Sycamore plantation Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline within the Obion Creek Wildlife Management Area; Hickman 7.5 minute quadrangle; east 1,008,300 feet Cg horizon and north 116,100 feet by the Kentucky coordinate Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral grid system. Value—4 to 6 Chroma—1 or 2 A—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay or clay clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— firm; common fine roots; common medium distinct shades of red, brown, and gray gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; common fine Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline distinct (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth boundary. The Sharkey soils in Fulton County are taxadjuncts Bg1—8 to 22 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) silty clay; weak to the Sharkey series because they have less than 60 coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; percent clay content (weighted average) in the common fine roots; common pressure faces; particle-size control section. This difference, however, many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR does not affect the use and management of the soils. 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few prominent In this survey area, the Sharkey soils classify as fine, black (N 2.5/0) manganese or iron-manganese smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts. stains and concretions throughout; slightly acid (pH 6.5); gradual smooth boundary. Bg2—22 to 33 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; Tunica Series weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few fine Depth class: Very deep roots; many medium prominent dark grayish Drainage class: Poorly drained brown (10YR 4/2) masses of iron accumulation; Permeability: Very slow in the upper clayey layers and few prominent black (N 2.5/0) manganese or iron- moderate in the lower loamy layers manganese stains and concretions throughout; Landform: Mississippi River flood plain slightly acid (pH 6.5); gradual smooth boundary. Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly 2Bg3—33 to 40 inches; 60 percent gray (10YR 5/1) concave slackwater areas and 40 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt Parent material: Clayey alluvium over loamy alluvium loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; Slope range: 0 to 2 percent firm; very few fine roots; common medium distinct Associated soils: Bondurant, Bowdre, Commerce, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron Keyespoint, Openlake, and Sharkey accumulation; few prominent black (N 2.5/0) • Bondurant soils have a mollic epipedon, are manganese or iron-manganese stains and 204 Soil Survey

concretions throughout; slightly acid (pH 6.5); Udorthents clear smooth boundary. 2BCg—40 to 48 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) loam; weak See map unit description coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; very few fine roots; common medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; few Ware Series prominent black (N 2.5/0) manganese or iron- Depth class: Very deep manganese stains and concretions throughout; Drainage class: Well drained slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth boundary. Permeability: Moderate 2C—48 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; Landform: Mississippi River flood plain massive; very friable; slightly acid (pH 6.5). Position on the landform: Low ridges, old natural levees, and higher areas on the flood plain Range in Characteristics Parent material: Loamy alluvium Solum thickness: 24 to 38 inches Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Depth to layers of contrasting texture: 20 to 36 inches Associated soils: Bardwell, Bondurant, Bowdre, Depth to dominant chroma of 2: Directly below the Commerce, Crevasse, Phillippy, and surface layer Robinsonville • Bardwell soils contain more clay and less sand A or Ap horizon: throughout and are fine-silty Hue—10YR or 2.5Y • Bondurant soils are at a lower elevation and formed Value—4 or 5 in clayey alluvium in the upper 4 feet Chroma—2 • Bowdre soils occupy a lower elevation, are clayey in Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay the upper part, and are somewhat poorly drained Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— • Commerce soils are somewhat poorly drained and shades of brown and gray do not have a mollic epipedon Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline • Crevasse soils do not have a mollic epipedon, are Bg horizon: more sandy throughout, and are excessively drained Hue—10YR or 2.5Y • Phillippy soils occupy similar positions but are Value—4 or 5 clayey in the upper part Chroma—1 or 2 • Robinsonville soils do not have a mollic epipedon Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam, Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, silty clay, or clay thermic Fluventic Hapludolls Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— shades of brown and gray Typical Pedon Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline Ware loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected, in a 2Bg and 2BCg horizons: nearly level cultivated field; 7.6 miles west of Hickman Hue—10YR or 2.5Y along Kentucky Highway 94 in the Lower Bottom, 0.7 Value—4 or 5 mile along Kentucky Highway 971 west of the junction Chroma—1 or 2 of Kentucky Highway 94 and Kentucky Highway 971 Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, silt at Sassafras Ridge, then about 750 feet south into a loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam cultivated field; Bondurant 7.5 minute USGS Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— quadrangle; east 945,600 feet and north 99,400 feet shades of brown and gray by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline Ap1—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 2C horizon: 3/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; Hue—10YR or 2.5Y moderate medium granular structure; very friable; Value—4 or 5 many fine roots; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth Chroma—2 to 4 boundary. Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, fine Ap2—6 to 15 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy fine sand dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— medium granular structure; very friable; common shades of brown and gray fine roots; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline boundary. Fulton County, Kentucky 205

Bw1—15 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy Parent material: Silty alluvium loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky Slope range: 0 to 2 percent structure; very friable; few fine roots; neutral (pH Associated soils: Collins and Falaya 7.0); clear smooth boundary. • Collins soils are moderately well drained Bw2—26 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR • Falaya soils are somewhat poorly drained 4/4) very fine sandy loam; weak fine and medium Taxonomic class: Coarse-silty, mixed, active, acid, subangular blocky structure; very friable; very few thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts fine roots; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. Typical Pedon C1—30 to 54 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy Waverly silt loam, in an area of Falaya-Waverly loam with stratified lenses of brown (10YR 4/3) complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, very fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; on a nearly level 1 percent slope in a cultivated field; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual smooth boundary. 2,700 feet northeast of the intersection of the C2—54 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and (10YR Purchase Parkway and Kentucky Highway 307, on 5/3) fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; the east side of Harris Fork Creek; Water Valley 7.5 neutral (pH 7.0). minute quadrangle; east 1,085,200 feet and north Range in Characteristics 84,200 feet by the Kentucky coordinate grid system. Solum thickness: 15 to 30 inches Ap1—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak Thickness of mollic epipedon: 10 to 22 inches medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; many coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/1) Ap horizon: iron depletions; common fine prominent yellowish Hue—10YR red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; Value—2 or 3 common prominent black (N 2.5/0) manganese Chroma—1 to 3 stains; neutral; clear smooth boundary. Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, silt loam, Ap2—5 to 10 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt or silty clay loam loam; weak medium granular structure; very Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline friable; few fine roots; common medium distinct Bw horizon: gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; many fine Hue—10YR prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron Value—4 or 5 accumulation; many prominent black (N 2.5/0) Chroma—3 or 4 manganese stains; slightly acid; clear smooth Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, very fine boundary. sandy loam, fine sandy loam Bg—10 to 27 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium distinct dark C horizon: yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and many fine Hue—10YR prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron Value—4 to 6 accumulation; many prominent black (N 2.5/0) Chroma—3 or 4 manganese stains; strongly acid; gradual smooth Texture of the fine-earth fraction—very fine sandy boundary. loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine BCg—27 to 54 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; sand, or sand massive parting to weak coarse subangular Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline blocky structure; friable; many medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and red (2.5YR 4/6) Waverly Series masses of iron accumulation; many prominent black (N 2.5/0) manganese stains; strongly acid; Depth class: Very deep gradual smooth boundary. Drainage class: Poorly drained Cg—54 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) silt loam; Permeability: Moderate massive; friable; many medium prominent Landform: Flood plain (in the easternmost part of the yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron county) accumulation; many prominent black (N 2.5/0) Position on the landform: Nearly level to slightly and dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) weakly cemented concave depressions iron-manganese concretions; strongly acid. 206

Range in Characteristics Value—6 or 7 Chroma—1 or 2 Depth to dominant chroma of 2 or less: Directly below Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silt the surface layer Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— A or Ap horizon: shades of brown, red, yellow, and black Hue—10YR Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid Value—4 to 6 BCg and Cg horizons: Chroma—1 to 3 Hue—10YR or 2.5Y Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam Value—5 to 7 Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— Chroma—1 or 2 shades of brown, red, and gray Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silt Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid, Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions— unless limed shades of brown, red, yellow, and black Bg horizon: Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid Hue—10YR or 2.5Y 207

Formation of the Soils

Soils are natural bodies on the earth’s surface that formed in clayey, slackwater alluvial sediments exhibit unique features and properties. Many soil deposited by the Mississippi River and are dominated properties can be measured in laboratories. Other by 2:1 expanding clay minerals. These soils form wide properties, such as depth to a seasonal water table, cracks in the upper part upon drying out in late can only be measured or observed in the field. Soils summer and early fall months. Grenada soils have form as certain horizons, or layers, and develop in mixed mineralogy and are fine-silty. Openlake soils weathered parent material. Soil formation is have smectitic mineralogy and are in a fine textural determined by the interaction of topography, climate, family. and living organisms over a period of time. Parent material can be weathered in place, or it can This section relates the soils in Fulton County to the be transported and deposited by water, wind, gravity, major factors of soil formation, explains the processes or ice. Nearly all the soils in the survey area of horizon differentiation, and describes the geology, weathered from parent materials deposited by wind geomorphic, and soil relationships. and/or water. Wind-transported material, or loess, is dominant on Factors of Soil Formation the uplands. Soils forming in loess parent material are high in silt and very low in sand-size particles. The characteristics of a soil depend on the physical Examples are the Calloway, Feliciana, Grenada, and chemical composition of the parent material as Loring, and Memphis soils. These soils generally influenced by climate, topography, living organisms, contain more than 65 percent silt and less than 10 and time. All five factors are active in the formation of percent sand to a depth of 4 feet or more (fig. 25). every soil, but the relative importance of each factor Two sources of water-deposited parent material, or can differ from one soil to another (Yaalon, 1983). In alluvium, occur on the flood plains. Soils in the Upper some areas, one factor may have a greater influence Bottom, Lower Bottom, Island Number 8, and Madrid on the development of certain soil characteristics, and Bend formed from alluvium deposited by the in other areas, another factor may dominate. The five Mississippi River. Soils in the Mississippi River flood factors and how they interact to produce the soils in plain span the range of soil textures (sandy to clayey) Fulton County are described in the following and internal drainage (excessively drained to poorly paragraphs. drained) depending on their geomorphic landscape position. The highest areas on the flood plain are Parent Material natural levees consisting of sandy or coarse-loamy, excessively drained and well drained soils. The lowest Parent material is the unconsolidated mass in areas on the flood plain are swales and backswamps which a soil forms. It is a product of the weathering or dominated by poorly drained or somewhat poorly decomposition of underlying bedrock or transported drained soils having formed in clayey, slackwater materials. Parent material influences the chemical, alluvium. Over time, as the river changed course and mineral, and textural composition of the soil. In the migrated, clayey sediments have been deposited over early stages of soil formation, a soil has properties the older natural levees producing soils such as similar to that of the parent material. As weathering Bowdre, Keyespoint, Phillippy, and Tunica, which are takes place, these properties are modified and each clayey in the upper 1.5 to 3 feet with loamy layers soil develops its own characteristics. Grenada and underneath. Openlake soils illustrate how the mineral and textural Alluvium in the valleys draining the loess uplands composition is determined by the parent material. contain soils having certain physical characteristics Grenada soils formed in thick, silty loess containing indicative of the source of the alluvium. Soils along the appreciable amounts of mixed, micaceous minerals creeks and streams from Hickman to Fulton have high (Bailey, Blevins, and Barnhisel, 1972). Openlake soils silt content and contain mixed mineralogy similar to 208 Soil Survey

Percentage of Particle Size Separate

0 20406080100 0 10

20 30 40 Depth (inches) Depth 50 Sand Silt 60

Figure 25.—Comparison of sand and silt content in deep loess upland soils. This data is from the Feliciana soil series. the soils on the loess uplands. Soils such as Collins, This water often becomes perched for days or weeks Falaya, and Waverly are examples of soils formed in above a relatively impermeable fragipan. An example recent stream alluvium. is the Calloway soils, which are considered somewhat Older alluvial deposits in the loess valleys occur at poorly drained. elevations slightly higher than the present-day flood On steeper areas, such as occurs around the plain. Soils occurring on these higher positions, or Brownsville area, water tends to move more laterally stream terraces, contain more clay in the subsoil and than vertically through the soil. This lateral movement exhibit greater morphological development than those is facilitated by increases in bulk density within the formed in more recent alluvium. Center, Kurk, and soil, thus retarding downward movement of water by Routon soils are on stream terraces and formed in gravity. Soils occurring on steeper areas, such as older alluvial sediments. Memphis and Natchez soils, generally have a brown subsoil that contain little, if any, gray color and are Topography considered to be naturally well drained. Nearly level, slightly concave areas receive water Topography relates to the variations of the land from higher, surrounding landscapes with the water surface, or topography is better understood as “the lay moving vertically and, in most cases, slowly through of the land.” Topographic components, such as relief, the soil. These soils are saturated during much of the slope, landform, and aspect, influence or modify the year when plants are dormant. The excessive wetness effects of the other soil-forming factors. The gradient, inhibits oxidation processes within the soil and shape, and length of slope directly influence the rate produces a gray, mottled subsoil due to the reduction of water infiltration and runoff. and transfer of iron. The Falaya, Routon, and Waverly The topography of Fulton County is highly variable. soils are examples. Most of the loess uplands are characterized as having The topography of the Mississippi River flood plain gently sloping to sloping topography. With adequate is primarily characterized as a series of alternating low surface cover, water infiltrates the soil surface and ridges and swales with broad, nearly level plains in moves downward through the soil to cause leaching of between. This pattern is a result of floodwaters soluble minerals and the translocation of clay scouring and removing materials within small areas throughout the subsoil. In many areas of the county, and depositing them in adjacent areas. Local free water moving downward through the soil is differences in topographic elevation are slight, restricted at depths ranging from about 2 to 3 feet. generally less than 10 feet. Fulton County, Kentucky 209

The influence of topography on soil genesis has and number of plants and animals on and in the soil, been largely that of soil drainage and water table the weathering of rocks and minerals, the depth and duration. Higher elevations, such as natural susceptibility of the soils to erosion, and the rate of soil levees, generally remain above the static ground- formation. Its effect on such factors as erosion and water table, therefore maintaining an aerobic deposition has an influence upon the relief of an area environment throughout most of the year. As a result, and the degree of profile development within the soil. the soils have high chroma colors in the upper 4 feet The climate in Fulton County is temperate and of the soil profile, indicative of well oxidized conditions. humid. Table 1 gives data on temperature and Soils such as Crevasse, Robinsonville, and Ware are precipitation in Fulton County. During winter, the commonly found on such landscape positions. average temperature is about 37 degrees F, with an Depressional areas of lower elevation receive average daily minimum temperature of 27.5 runoff water from adjacent natural levees. In addition, degrees F. In summer, the average temperature is in winter and early spring during periods of high about 77 degrees F, and the average daily maximum antecedent moisture conditions, the ground-water temperature is about 88 degrees F. Periods of table rises close to the surface, oftentimes maintaining extremely low or high temperature are short. Because a shallow depth for an extended period of time. the climate is relatively uniform throughout the county, Soluble products of plant decomposition in the the differences among the soils within the survey area presence of free water cause reduction and solution of are the result of other factors. The average annual iron oxides in the soil. During the summer and fall precipitation is nearly 52 inches. The precipitation is months, the water table recedes below the solum. fairly well distributed throughout the year. These alternating drying and wetting cycles produce The area’s humid, temperate climate fosters soils with a virtually iron-free gray color below the geologic weathering and subsequent soil surface layer along with scattered bright colors of development. On the loess uplands, the abundant reoxidized iron. Soils such as Sharkey and Tunica are moisture leaches soluble bases such as calcium and commonly found in such areas. magnesium from the soil, resulting in a typically acid subsoil. Water also carries clay minerals from the Climate surface layer into the subsoil; therefore, most soils have a higher content of clay in the subsoil than in the Climatic factors, namely temperature and surface layer. Upland soils such as Calloway, precipitation, affect the physical, chemical, and Feliciana, Grenada, Loring, and Memphis all exhibit biological properties of soils. Climate affects the kind such characteristics within their respective soil profile.

Clay Content (PCT) 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 Depth (inches) Depth 50 Clay pH 60 2468 pH

Figure 26.—Uniformity of clay content and pH with depth in Sharkey soils. 210 Soil Survey

On the Mississippi River flood plain, annual On many bottomland areas, man has leveled and floodwaters and/or a high ground-water table during graded the soil and cut ditches to improve drainage parts of the year enrich the soil profile with soluble and agricultural production. Other areas within the bases such as calcium and magnesium. On areas not county have been excavated and filled for road protected by levees, annual flooding continues to construction and urban/industrial development. deposit finer sediments in depressional areas that are Udorthents formed in urban areas where the natural distant from the river channel. Conversely, coarse- soil has been disturbed. textured sediments are deposited on natural levees and onto the flood plain during turbulent, high velocity Time flood events. This periodic renewal with fresh sediments prevents the soils on most of the Time is needed for climate, living organisms, and Mississippi River flood plain from ever reaching topography to act upon the parent material and form a steady-state conditions, thereby limiting the amount of soil. In terms of soil formation, time is considered a weathering and subsequent profile development. In relative rather than absolute variable. The age of a soil fact, the clay content within soils such as Crevasse, is determined by the relative degree of profile Openlake, Robinsonville, Roellen, and Sharkey varies development rather than the number of years the soil only marginally between about 1 foot and a depth of 4 has been subject to the soil-forming processes. A soil feet (fig. 26). is considered to be old or “mature” if it has distinct, well expressed horizons. Conversely, a soil is Living Organisms considered young if individual soil horizons are indistinguishable or weakly expressed. Plants affect soil formation primarily by adding Geologically, soils on the Mississippi River flood organic matter and acting as a major link in nutrient plain are young. In addition, areas of the flood plain cycling. Animals, bacteria, and fungi contribute to soil not protected by levees continue to receive fresh formation by converting the remains of plants to sediments nearly annually due to flood events. organic matter and plant nutrients. Small animals, Soils such as Crevasse and Robinsonville maintain such as earthworms, grubs, and insects, live in or on characteristics quite similar to the parent material in the soil and play a significant role in altering soil which they formed and have not yet developed structure. Larger animals, such as moles, mice, diagnostic subsurface horizons. These soils occur in groundhogs, and crawfish, burrow through and mix the areas where floodwaters first leave the channel, thus soil. Crawfish tunnels are very common on Routon developing in coarse-textured alluvium recently and Waverly soils. deposited by the river. Because these soils Trees and other plants transport plant nutrients periodically receive new depositional material, they from the lower part of the soil to the upper part. They have not remained in place long enough to develop also add organic matter via decomposition of plant well expressed soil horizons below the surface layer. residue, provide a protective cover that reduces Distinct soil horizons will develop if little or no erosion, and influence soil temperature and moisture additional sediments are deposited. The weathering conditions. The organic matter added by both plants process causes some of the finer material in the and animals alters the chemical processes in the soil surface layer to move into the subsoil, thus altering the and forms humus. The decay of this matter releases color, texture, and structure of the subsoil. Center and acids that accelerate weathering processes within the Kurk soils are examples of older, intermediate age soil. soils that have formed in alluvium on stable stream Human activity has affected soil formation by terraces of loess uplands that no longer receive clearing woodland, draining wet areas, plowing, and frequent deposition of new materials. creating levees to prevent flooding. Traditional The oldest soils in the survey area occur on loess agricultural cultivation practices of previous decades uplands, having soil profiles with distinct, well resulted in accelerated erosion on many sloping and expressed horizons. Feliciana and Grenada soils have moderately steep upland areas. On many of these been in place and subjected to the influence of plants, areas, the original surface layer has been eroded and animals, and climate long enough to acquire distinct deposited on flood plains or carried into streams profile characteristics. These soils have distinct or causing increased siltation. Accelerated erosion of prominent clay films within the subsoil due to the finer loess uplands has been the dominant factor behind clay particles being translocated from the uppermost the development of severely eroded phases of such surface horizons. Most of the soluble bases have soils as Grenada, Loring, and Memphis. been leached downward through the soil profile, Fulton County, Kentucky 211

resulting in a naturally acid subsoil. Soils exhibiting deposited as clay films in the subsoil. This leads to the such characteristics are considered mature. development of an argillic diagnostic subsoil horizon. Most of the soils occurring on loess uplands and Processes of Horizon stream terraces within the survey area have well expressed argillic horizons. The better expressed Differentiation argillic horizons occur in the Center, Feliciana, and Loring soils. Soil horizons form as parent material weathers. Soils having the highest clay content throughout the These horizons are discernible by such soil properties soil profile occur at a low elevation, such as as color, structure, texture, and consistence. “Soil slackwater areas of the Mississippi River flood plain. Taxonomy” identifies certain soil horizons or diagnostic These areas are far from the present-day river features used in the classification system (Soil Survey channel and flood almost annually due to backwater Staff 1998 and 1999). Some of the more prominent when the river is at flood stage. Floodwater from this pedogenic processes and diagnostic features type of event is low velocity, laminar flow carrying the commonly found in the soils within the survey area are finest particles capable of remaining in suspension. described in this section. Therefore, these soils have very high clay content Most soils within the survey area have three major throughout, but the clay in these soils is a result of horizons—A, B, and C. depositional sediment (i.e., parent material) rather The A horizon is the dark surface layer enriched than pedogenic weathering. The clay fraction of these with humus, or organic matter. If undisturbed, it has a soils is dominated by 2:1 minerals, primarily smectite, loose, granular structure. A surface layer that has which causes them to swell upon wetting and crack been disturbed by plowing or disking is called an Ap upon drying. Soils exhibiting such features are said to horizon. have vertic properties. These soils form wide cracks in The B horizon, or subsoil, lies below the A horizon. the upper part upon drying out in late summer and It is characterized by the maximum accumulation of early fall months (see fig. 18, page 171). Soils such as dissolved or suspended material, such as iron and Bondurant, Openlake, and Sharkey are examples. clay. It generally has blocky structure and is firmer A fragipan layer, or layers containing fragic than the overlying A horizon. Very young soils, such as properties, occurs within the subsoil of many nearly Crevasse and Robinsonville soils, do not have a B level to sloping soils on uplands. The fragipan is a horizon. diagnostic subsoil horizon that is dense, compact, and Below the B horizon is the C horizon, which is little slowly permeable to vertical water movement. It affected by the soil-forming processes but can be contains bleached fracture planes that form highly modified by geologic weathering. “honeycomb-shaped” polygons when observed in plan Some organic matter has accumulated in all the view. The brown soil material between the bleached soils within the survey area. Moderate to high amounts polygons is virtually impermeable to vertical water of organic matter occur in the surface layer of soils on movement. The strength of the fragipan varies flood plains. Many areas on the Mississippi River flood throughout the survey area. plain contain soils having thick, very dark surface Upland areas west of Little Bayou de Chien have layers, thus resulting in the formation of a mollic appreciably weaker fragipan horizons than those epipedon. These soils are rich in bases and have areas east of Little Bayou de Chien. Therefore, in the moderate to high base saturation. The more sloping western portion of the county, the fragipan is not portions of the uplands contain low amounts of organic nearly as root restrictive or impervious to vertical matter. In most soils, the organic matter content water movement as compared to the fragipan decreases sharply from the surface layer to the horizons occurring in the eastern portion of the county. subsoil. In terms of individual soils, the fragipan is rather weak The size of particles in soils ranges from sand to in Loring soils, having a slightly restrictive effect on very small clay minerals. Some of the clay particles vertical water movement and root growth. The form via weathering of larger particles, but most of the fragipan in Calloway and Grenada soils is more differences among the soils in the survey area are compact with a higher proportion of brittle peds, thus attributed to differences among varying parent appearing more restrictive than the fragipan in the materials. The smaller particles, particularly the clay Loring soils. In addition, pedogenic processes have fraction, are subject to redistribution within the soil stripped clay and iron from areas within the upper part profile. As water moves vertically through the soil, clay of the argillic or fragipan layer(s) of Calloway and particles are removed from the A horizon and Grenada soils, leaving wide bleached (i.e., white) 212 Soil Survey

“tongues” between prisms in the upper part of the depth to bedrock ranges from about 1,650 to 1,700 feet fragipan. This has resulted in the development of below the surface along the eastern portion of the glossic horizons in these soils. county between Fulton and Crutchfield to between Soils that are saturated for long periods have a 2,000 to 2,200 feet in depth along the loess bluff matrix color of various shades of gray that is often ridgetops between Brownsville and Hickman. speckled with brown, red, or orange mottles. These The survey area is part of one of the most features are considered redoximorphic features. seismically active areas in the United States—the Gleying is the process that yields the gray colors. It is New Madrid seismic zone. This zone zigzags caused by a combination of excessive wetness and a northeasterly from Marked Tree, Arkansas, to Cairo, corresponding low content of dissolved oxygen. The Illinois. Three of the most powerful earthquakes in gray color represents an area where iron has been U.S. history occurred in this area during the winter of reduced from Fe3+ to Fe2+ and has been depleted. The 1811-1812 (fig. 28). It is estimated the three brown, red, and orange speckled colors are areas earthquakes were of magnitude 7.5 or greater on the where iron has reoxidized and accumulated during Richter scale, in addition to the hundreds of occasional periods when the soil dries out. Quite aftershocks that followed. New Madrid, Missouri, commonly, black stains, nodules, or concretions of which bore the brunt of the seismic shocks during this iron and/or manganese oxides form as a result of event, and for which the seismic region is named, is these oxidation-reduction processes. Mhoon, Routon, located just across the Mississippi River from the and Waverly soils have a gray or light brownish gray, Madrid Bend portion of Fulton County. Reelfoot Lake, mottled subsoil as a result of gleying. Unless drained, whose wildlife management area’s northern reach these soils have aquic conditions in the upper part and extends into Fulton County, formed as a result of local are saturated for a good portion of the winter and early uplifting and subsidence produced from these spring months due to a high ground-water table. powerful earthquakes. The geological makeup of the During the summer and early fall, however, the water former embayment, namely loose unconsolidated table recedes and the soils dry out. sediments, would do little to thwart the ground motion of resulting seismic waves should an earthquake of Geology, Geomorphic, and Soil similar magnitude occur today. In most of the Jackson Purchase region, strata of Relationships Eocene age and older are mostly concealed by alluvium, loess, and continental deposits, which are Fulton County is in the southwest corner of composed of gravel, sand, and clay. The following Kentucky’s Jackson Purchase Physiographic Region. paragraphs discuss the surficial geological deposits This region stretches from the Tennessee River within the survey area and the soils commonly (Kentucky Lake) westward to the Mississippi River associated with each one. and is bounded on the north by the Ohio River and to the south by the state of Tennessee. The region Loess represents the northernmost tip of the Gulf Coast embayment area, a down-warped basin of Paleozoic Loess, derived from the German Löss meaning rocks filled in upward succession with unconsolidated loose, occurs as a surficial blanket capping most of Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary age sediments the uplands in the survey area. It consists of (fig. 27). windblown deposits, mostly quartz silt, of varying These sediments were deposited when the Gulf of thickness whose likely source was “glacial outwash Mexico extended as far north as the southern tip of flour” from the flood plains of the Mississippi River Illinois, just north of the present-day Ohio River. valley during the Pleistocene ice age. Sediments consisting primarily of sands, silts, clays, During the Pleistocene, the retreat of continental ice and gravel were deposited on top of consolidated sheets northward resulted in glacial meltwaters Paleozoic rocks ranging in age from Mississippian in depositing debris along the flood plains of the the eastern and northeastern periphery of the region Mississippi valley. Most geologists consider this event to Ordovician in the southwest (Olive, 1972). The to have begun about 40,000 years ago, and lasted for eroded bedrock floor of the basin and the overlying nearly 30,000 years (Smith, 1942). As the broad flood sediments dip gently to the west, from the periphery of plain flats dried out, the finer glacial debris (or rock the embayment along the western edge of Kentucky flour) was exposed to southward blowing wind Lake toward the embayment’s axis which roughly currents that picked up the rock flour and redeposited parallels the Mississippi River. In Fulton County, the it over adjoining upland areas. This dual fluviatile- Fulton County, Kentucky 213 9, USGS Water Sup. Paper 1987; 9, USGS Water Davis, Lambert, and Hansen Jr., 1973). Davis, Lambert, and Hansen Jr., Figure 27.—This diagram shows the generalized stratigraphy and structure of Jackson Purchase Region in Kentucky (from plate 214 Soil Survey

Figure 28.—State historical marker regarding the 1811-1812 earthquakes in the seismic region. aeolian origin of loess is supported by the fact these Two loess deposits blanket most of the uplands deposits are thickest near the bluffs along the major within the survey area. The uppermost loess, river valleys and progressively become thinner with commonly referred to as the Peoria loess, is buff to distance away from the broad alluvial valleys (Roberts tan colored with a highly silty character. Underlying the and Gildersleeve, 1950; Smith, 1942). Peoria is a darker, chocolate-brown colored loess that In Fulton County, the loess is commonly 50 to is a bit grittier in texture than the Peoria. This lower nearly 100 feet thick along the loess bluff adjacent to loess deposit is commonly referred to as the Roxana the Mississippi River flood plain. Due to the steep silt. The Peoria is considerably thicker than the topography and high silt content of the loess, Roxana throughout the survey area. The contact numerous gullies and landslides resembling miniature between these two deposits is not clearly defined and badlands occur along the bluff’s west-facing side a mixing zone commonly occurs (USGS, 1971a-b). slopes. The loess progressively thins eastward across With both loess deposits, quartz and feldspar minerals Fulton County, ranging from 10 to 15 feet in thickness dominate the coarse silt fraction; quartz, illite, feldspar, near the Hickman County line (USGS, 1963a-c). and kaolinite dominate the fine silt fraction. Dominant Fulton County, Kentucky 215

soils that have formed in thick loess deposits are the of these drainage systems (USGS 1963a-c, 1971a-b, Calloway, Feliciana, Grenada, Loring, and Memphis and 1974). There is considerably more textural and soils. These soils are very deep with a moderately geomorphic variability associated with the alluvium of acid to very strongly acid subsoil. the Mississippi River valley as compared to the Underlying the loess deposits are Continental alluvium derived from loess uplands. Nearly 60,000 deposits consisting primarily of gravel and sand with acres in Fulton County formed in Mississippi River thin interbedded lenses of clay. Due to the thickness of alluvium. the surficial loess cap in Fulton County, these The surficial geology and topography of the sediments are exposed only on the lowest parts of present-day Mississippi River flood plain in Fulton side slopes where local drainageways have cut County is largely the result of a series of fluvial through the loess. In fact, the Continental deposits are erosional and aggradational processes occurring over so well concealed that no soils having formed in this a rather long period of time. Such processes as flood parent material were capable of being mapped during plain scouring and deposition, channel meandering, the course of the survey. and channel erosion from large flood events have helped sculpt the geological and geomorphic Alluvium composition of the contemporary flood plain. Natural levees occur on the flood plain near the Alluvial sediments are water-lain deposits and present river channel and along areas adjacent to occur on flood plains and stream terraces along the where the river channel formerly existed. Sand and major drainageways within the survey area. Like the coarse materials were deposited soon after turbulent loess deposits, these sediments are Quaternary in floodwaters left the streambank. Natural levees are age and, geologically, are the youngest sediments in generally at a higher elevation than surrounding land Fulton County. features on the flood plain. The Crevasse, Two types of alluvium occur in Fulton County. One Robinsonville, and Ware soils occur on higher natural source of alluvium consists of silt washed from loess levee positions. Crevasse soils are dominated by uplands and deposited along flood plains that drain medium to coarse sand, whereas Robinsonville and them. The largest areas of this alluvium occur along Ware soils are predominantly fine sand and very fine Bayou de Chien, Little Bayou de Chien, Mud Creek, sand textured throughout. It is quite common for and Rush Creek that flow north and west toward the Robinsonville and Ware soils to contain 60 to 85 Mississippi River. Where the alluvium is acid, percent fine sand and very fine sand from 1 foot to a generally in the eastern one-third of the county, the depth of 5 feet. resulting soils are the Collins, Falaya, and Waverly Areas of old river channels, or where river series. Progressing westward toward the confluence floodwaters have scoured and removed materials of these drainageways with the mouth of Bayou de leaving behind shallow depressions, contain Chien the soils are nonacid, typically consisting of sediments that are predominantly clay and fine silt. Adler, Convent, Dekoven, and Mhoon soils. The The lowest areas on the flood plain are backswamps higher geomorphic stream terrace positions contain dominated by poorly drained soils having formed in soils with more morphological development, such as clayey, slackwater alluvium high in smectitic minerals. the Center, Kurk, and Routon soils. Characteristic of Sharkey soils commonly occur in backswamps (see their source material, soils along the flood plains and fig. 11, page 126). Elongated, slightly depressional stream terraces of the loess uplands contain high silt areas at a higher elevation than the backswamps are content and low sand content. dominated by slackwater alluvium that has better The other type of alluvium in Fulton County occurs internal drainage. Soils such as Bondurant and along the southern Mississippi River valley flood plain. Openlake commonly occur in these areas. This valley extends from Cairo, Illinois, to the Gulf of Between the lower-lying backswamps and the Mexico, meandering over a distance of about 900 higher elevation natural levees are broader parts of miles (Southern Cooperative Series, 1970). The the flood plain containing loamy alluvium that is high in source for these alluvial sediments in Fulton County is silt and moderate in clay and sand content. Quartz, a 918,500 square-mile drainage area representing the feldspars, and micaceous minerals dominate the Ohio River and Upper Mississippi River drainage coarse silt fraction, and mixed aluminosilicate clay systems covering portions of 25 states and 2 minerals dominate the fine silt (Southern Cooperative Canadian Provinces. The thickness of these Series, 1970). These soils are predominantly sediments range from 100 to 200 feet and is due in somewhat poorly drained to well drained. Bardwell large part to the high sediment yield and areal extent and Commerce soils commonly occur on such areas. 216

Finally, as a result of the river migrating and upper 1.5 to 3 feet, with loamy layers underneath. As a changing its course over time, clayey slackwater general rule, the Keyespoint and Phillippy soils occur sediments have been deposited over the older natural adjacent to the present-day natural levees, whereas levees producing soils such as Bowdre, Keyespoint, the Bowdre and Tunica soils are adjacent to the Phillippy, and Tunica. These soils are clayey in the backswamps. 217

References

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Glossary

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air Base saturation. The degree to which material having from the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil cation-exchange properties is saturated with is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K), poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in expressed as a percentage of the total cation- carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen. exchange capacity. Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single Base slope. A geomorphic component of hills mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as consisting of the concave to linear (perpendicular granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods to the contour) slope that, regardless of the lateral are aggregates produced by tillage or logging. shape, forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay, a hillside dominated by colluvium and slope-wash deposited on land by streams. sediments (for example, slope alluvium). Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters 1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine, presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A or marine sediment. positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and feature. other unconsolidated material or that is exposed Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage at the surface. required by one mature cow of approximately Bottomland. The normal flood plain of a stream, 1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1 subject to flooding. month. Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized particles and in tiny spaces between particles. by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds features. capillary water in the soil. Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a an accumulation of illuvial clay. landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent Available water capacity (available moisture material but have different characteristics as a capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water result of differences in relief and drainage. available for use by most plants. It is commonly Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity. defined as the difference between the amount of The common soil cations are calcium, potassium, soil water at field moisture capacity and the magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen. amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil, inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 expressed as: grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some Very low ...... 0 to 3 other stated pH value. The term, as applied to Low ...... 3 to 6 soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity Moderate ...... 6 to 9 but is more precise in meaning. High ...... 9 to 12 Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or Very high ...... more than 12 more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal Backslope. The geomorphic component that forms plow depth. the steepest inclined surface and principal Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less element of many hillsides. Backslopes in profile than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural are commonly steep, are linear, and may or may class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay, not include cliff segments. 222 Soil Survey

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40 the soil material behaves when subject to percent silt. compression. Terms describing consistence are Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.” content of iron, manganese, and clay because of Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that the chemical reduction of iron and manganese follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled type of redoximorphic depletion. crops or summer fallow. Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the Control section. The part of the soil on which surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root classification is based. The thickness varies channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin. among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches or establishing terraces, diversions, and other and 40 or 80 inches. water-control structures on a complex slope is Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical difficult. action that dissolves or weakens concrete or Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil uncoated steel. or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to or so small in area that it is not practical to map improve and protect the soil between periods of them separately at the selected scale of mapping. regular crop production, or a crop grown between The pattern and proportion of the soils or trees and vines in orchards and vineyards. miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all Cretaceous period. The third period of the Mesozoic areas. era of geologic time extending from the end of the Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal Jurassic period (about 144 million years ago) to symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a the beginning of the Tertiary period (about 63 plane. They typically take the form of concentric million years ago). layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium Cropping system. Growing crops according to a carbonate, iron oxide, and manganese oxide are planned system of rotation and management common compounds making up concretions. If practices. formed in place, concretions of iron oxide or Crop residue management. Returning crop residue manganese oxide are generally considered a type to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure, of redoximorphic concentration. organic matter content, and fertility and helps to Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in control erosion. combination with needed cultural and Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations management practices. In a good conservation tend to cave in or slough. cropping system, the soil-improving crops and Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting practices more than offset the effects of the soil- grazing land for a prescribed period. depleting crops and practices. Cropping systems Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches practices in a conservation cropping system deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches; include the use of rotations that contain grasses moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to and legumes and the return of crop residue to the 20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches. soil. Other practices include the use of green Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth, manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper generally a terrace, built to protect downslope tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest areas by diverting runoff from its natural course. control. Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not duration of wet periods under conditions similar to invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount those under which the soil formed. Alterations of of crop residue on the surface throughout the the water regime by human activities, either year. through drainage or irrigation, are not a Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion consideration unless they have significantly and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to changed the morphology of the soil. Seven deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes classes of natural soil drainage are recognized— resistance of soil material to rupture and to excessively drained, somewhat excessively penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness drained, well drained, moderately well drained, of puddled soil material; and the manner in which somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and Fulton County, Kentucky 223

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry the “Soil Survey Manual.” weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water, drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3 from an area. days after a soaking rain; also called normal field Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary or colloidal suspension from one place to another capacity. within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay. through eluviation are eluvial; those that have Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a received material are illuvial. stream and is subject to flooding unless protected Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in artificially. which all horizons between the upper boundary of Flood plain splay. A fan-shaped deposit or other saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated. outspread deposit formed where an overloaded Eocene. The second epoch of the Tertiary period of stream or river breaks through a levee (natural or geologic time beginning 58 million years ago and artificial) and deposits its material (often coarse ending 37 million years ago. grained) on the flood plain. Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river accumulated through wind action; commonly action, as a fluvial plain. refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently blankets on the surface. inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream, profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A that flows only in direct response to precipitation. footslope is a transition zone between upslope It receives no long-continued supply from melting sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and snow or other source, and its channel is above the backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition water table at all times. (toeslopes). Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge. perched water table in a soil in which saturated Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated porosity and content of organic matter and low or layers within 2 meters of the surface. moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand. Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots. water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher such processes as gravitational creep. bulk density than the horizon or horizons above. Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under processes acting over long geologic periods and pressure rather than to deform slowly. resulting in the wearing away of mountains and Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage, the building up of such landscape features as resulting in the reduction of iron and other flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural elements in the profile and in gray colors. erosion. Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid than waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human or grass as protection against erosion. Conducts animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature, surface water away from cropland. such as a fire, that exposes the surface. Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6 remains on the surface after fine particles are centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a removed by sheet or rill erosion. pebble. Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope Gravelly soil material. Material that is 15 to 35 or cliff breaking the general continuity of more percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp. 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving provide plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage in proper balance, for the growth of specified of maturity or soon after maturity. plants when light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of other growth factors are favorable. the material below the water table. Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by 224 Soil Survey

running water and through which water ordinarily The material of a C horizon may be either like or runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a unlike that in which the solum formed. If the gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is material is known to differ from that in the solum, an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser letter C. depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath tillage. the soil. Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil. except by blasting or by the use of special The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but equipment that is not commonly used in it can be directly below an A or a B horizon. construction. Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable Hard to reclaim (in tables). Reclamation is difficult part of the organic matter in mineral soils. after the removal of soil for construction and other Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped uses. Revegetation and erosion control are according to their runoff potential. The soil extremely difficult. properties that influence this potential are those High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting from these crops can be used to control erosion when the soil is not frozen. These properties are until the next crop in the rotation is established. depth to a seasonal high water table, the These crops return large amounts of organic infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged matter to the soil. wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are the surface, having distinct characteristics not considered but are separate factors in produced by soil-forming processes. In the predicting runoff. identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one represents the major horizons. Numbers or horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally, lowercase letters that follow represent material is removed from an upper horizon and subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation deposited in a lower horizon. of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is follows: absolutely impervious to air and water all the time. O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the decaying plant residue. immediate surface of soil or other material, as A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the contrasted with percolation, which is movement of surface in which an accumulation of humified water through soil layers or material. organic matter is mixed with the mineral material. Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually originally part of a B horizon. expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or rate at which water is applied at the surface. some combination of these. Interfluve. An elevated area between two B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A drainageways that sheds water to those horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of drainageways. transition from the overlying A to the underlying C Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream, horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive that flows for prolonged periods only when it characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay, receives ground-water discharge or long, sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these; continued contributions from melting snow or (2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or other surface and shallow subsurface sources. browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low a combination of these. content of iron and manganese oxide because of C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer, chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A by soil-forming processes and does not have the type of redoximorphic depletion. properties typical of the overlying soil material. Fulton County, Kentucky 225

Ksat. Saturated hydraulic conductivity. (See and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the Permeability.) upper part of the subsoil. Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass of Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil, soil and loose rock, generally when wet or including the texture, structure, porosity, saturated. The speed and distance of movement, consistence, color, and other physical, mineral, as well as the amount of soil and rock material, and biological properties of the various horizons, vary greatly. and the thickness and arrangement of those Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of horizons in the soil profile. an unconfined clod as moisture content is Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell follows: abundance—few, common, and many; potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast— change between the water content of the clod at faint, distinct, and prominent. The size 1 1 /3- or /10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) measurements are of the diameter along the and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5 by the amount and type of clay minerals in the millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15 soil. The volume change is the percent change for millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse, the whole soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch). resulting value is COLE, coefficient of linear Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of extensibility. silt and clay in approximately equal amounts. Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees passes from a plastic to a liquid state. of three simple variables—hue, value, and Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of than 52 percent sand particles. 4. Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3. particles, deposited by wind. (See Reaction, soil.) Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal support loads. structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil manganese oxide are common compounds matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of with the surrounding soil material and cannot be iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds types of redoximorphic concentrations. making up masses are calcium carbonate, Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is or manganese oxide generally are considered a predominantly divergent. type of redoximorphic concentration. Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam, essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly silt loam, or silt. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, low in organic material. Its bulk density is more boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon, than that of organic soil. hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop water. production and prevention of soil damage. Ordovician period. The second period of the Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no Paleozoic era of geologic time extending from the natural soil and supports little or no vegetation. end of the Cambrian period (about 500 million Mississippian period. The fifth period of the years ago) to the beginning of the Silurian period Paleozoic era of geologic time extending from the (about 425 million years ago). end of the Devonian period (about 345 million Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in years ago) to the beginning of the Pennsylvanian various stages of decomposition. The content of period (about 310 million years ago). organic matter in the surface layer is described as Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface follows: horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation 226 Soil Survey

Very low ...... less than 0.5 percent features that affect its use and management, such Low ...... 0.5 to 1.0 percent as slope, stoniness, and flooding. Moderately low ...... 1.0 to 2.0 percent pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and Moderate ...... 2.0 to 4.0 percent alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.) High ...... 4.0 to 8.0 percent Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or Very high ...... more than 8.0 percent pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil. Plasticity index. The numerical difference between Paleocene. The first epoch of the Tertiary period of the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of geologic time beginning 66 million years ago and moisture content within which the soil remains ending approximately 58 million years ago. plastic. Paleozoic era. The geologic era between the Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil Precambrian and Mesozoic eras. The Paleozoic changes from semisolid to plastic. era was between 600 million and 230 million years Pleistocene. The first epoch of the Quaternary period ago and was characterized by abundant fishes, of geologic time beginning about 1 million years amphibians, reptiles, and land plants. ago and ending approximately 10,000 years ago Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the in which the dominant feature was marked by movement of water and the growth of roots. For extensive glaciation. example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan, Pliocene. The fifth epoch of the Tertiary period of and traffic pan. geologic time beginning about 5 million years ago Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and and ending approximately 1 million years ago, mineral material in which soil forms. immediately preceding the Quaternary period. Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil granule, a prism, or a block. directly below the plowed layer. Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed soil.” A pedon is three dimensional and large depressions. Unless the soils are artificially enough to permit study of all horizons. Its area drained, the water can be removed only by ranges from about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square percolation or evapotranspiration. meter to 10 square meters), depending on the Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil variability of the soil. material consisting mainly of particles of nearly the Percolation. The downward movement of water same size. Because there is little difference in size through the soil. of the particles, density can be increased only Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables slightly by compaction. water or air to move downward through the profile. Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth). The rate at which a saturated soil transmits water Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content is accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated no properties restricting the penetration of roots to hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the this depth. “Soil Survey Manual.” In line with conventional Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for usage in the engineering profession and with producing a specified plant or sequence of plants traditional usage in published soil surveys, this under specific management. rate of flow continues to be expressed as Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending “permeability.” Terms describing permeability, through all its horizons and into the parent measured in inches per hour, are as follows: material. Extremely slow ...... 0.0 to 0.01 inch Quaternary period. The second period of the Very slow ...... 0.01 to 0.06 inch Cenozoic era of geologic time extending from the Slow ...... 0.06 to 0.2 inch end of the Tertiary period (about 1 million years Moderately slow ...... 0.2 to 0.6 inch ago) to the present. Moderate ...... 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a Moderately rapid ...... 2.0 to 6.0 inches soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH Rapid ...... 6.0 to 20 inches 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction Very rapid ...... more than 20 inches because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on values, are: Fulton County, Kentucky 227

Ultra acid ...... less than 3.5 Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream Extremely acid ...... 3.5 to 4.4 channels from an area. The water that flows off Very strongly acid ...... 4.5 to 5.0 the surface of the land without sinking into the soil Strongly acid ...... 5.1 to 5.5 is called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil Moderately acid ...... 5.6 to 6.0 before reaching surface streams is called ground- Slightly acid ...... 6.1 to 6.5 water runoff or seepage flow from ground water. Neutral ...... 6.6 to 7.3 Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral Slightly alkaline ...... 7.4 to 7.8 fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in Moderately alkaline ...... 7.9 to 8.4 diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a Strongly alkaline ...... 8.5 to 9.0 soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more Very strongly alkaline ...... 9.1 and higher sand and not more than 10 percent clay. Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules, sand-sized particles. concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive features resulting from the accumulation of iron or pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of manganese oxide. An indication of chemical saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation. into an unlined auger hole. Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles which iron and manganese oxide or a combination deposited from suspension in water. The chief of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate, removed. These zones are indications of the formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand; chemical reduction of iron resulting from shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed saturation. from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced sand is consolidated into sandstone. matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alpha- Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are dipyridyl, and other features indicating the almost alike, except for differences in texture of chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and the surface layer. All the soils of a series have manganese compounds resulting from saturation. horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in and arrangement. situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II). Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer The chemical reduction results from nearly of soil material from the land surface by the action continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a of rainfall and surface runoff. change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a type of redoximorphic feature. transition from backslope to summit. The surface Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the origin. loose earth material above the solid rock. Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface, dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and considered collectively. swelling can damage roads, dams, building Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated, foundations, and other structures. It can also weathered or partly weathered mineral material damage plant roots. that accumulated as consolidated rock Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills disintegrated in place. consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside. Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel. erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay machinery. (0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example, that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12 pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders. percent clay. Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly by plant roots. silt-sized particles. 228 Soil Survey

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2 criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner, millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging and have similar conservation needs or between specified size limits. The names and management requirements for the major land sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in uses in the survey area. the United States are as follows: Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site Very coarse sand ...... 2.0 to 1.0 based on the height of the dominant stand at an Coarse sand ...... 1.0 to 0.5 arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average Medium sand ...... 0.5 to 0.25 height attained by dominant and codominant trees Fine sand ...... 0.25 to 0.10 in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is Very fine sand ...... 0.10 to 0.05 75 feet, the site index is 75. Silt ...... 0.05 to 0.002 Slackwater. A quiet part of, or a still body of water in a Clay ...... less than 0.002 stream. Slick spot. A small area of soil having a puddled, Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C crusted, or smooth surface and an excess of horizon, in which the processes of soil formation exchangeable sodium. The soil generally is silty or are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E, clayey, is slippery when wet, and is low in and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of productivity. the material in these horizons are unlike those of Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the the material below the solum. The living roots and horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical plant and animal activities are largely confined to distance divided by horizontal distance, then the solum. multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. arrangement of strips or bands that provide In this survey, classes for simple slopes are as vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water follows: erosion. Nearly level ...... 0 to 2 percent Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil Gently sloping ...... 2 to 6 percent particles into compound particles or aggregates. Sloping ...... 6 to 12 percent The principal forms of soil structure are—platy Moderately steep ...... 12 to 20 percent (laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates Steep ...... 20 to 30 percent longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with Very steep ...... 30 percent and higher rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular), and granular. Structureless soils are either single grained (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or Classes for complex slopes are as follows: massive (the particles adhering without any Nearly level ...... 0 to 2 percent regular cleavage, as in many hardpans). Undulating ...... 2 to 6 percent Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on Rolling ...... 6 to 12 percent the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects Hilly ...... 12 to 20 percent the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after Steep ...... 20 to 30 percent harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the Very steep ...... 30 percent and higher next crop, and during the early growing period of the new crop. Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds, Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part resulting from restricted permeability in the soil. of the solum below plow depth. Sodic (alkali) soil. A soil having so high a degree of Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth, alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan. percentage of exchangeable sodium (15 percent Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum. or more of the total exchangeable bases), or both, Subsurface layer. Technically, the E horizon. that plant growth is restricted. Generally refers to a leached horizon lighter in Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s color and lower in content of organic matter than surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has the overlying surface layer. properties resulting from the integrated effect of Subsurface layer. Any subsurface soil horizon (A, E, climate and living matter acting on earthy parent AB, or EB) below the surface layer. material, as conditioned by relief over periods of Summit. A general term for the top, or highest level, of time. an upland feature, such as a hill or mountain. It Fulton County, Kentucky 229

commonly refers to a higher area that has a gentle clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam slope and is flanked by steeper slopes. classes may be further divided by specifying Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or “coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.” its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters). that is too thin for the specified use. Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related “Ap horizon.” to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons, emergence, and root penetration. considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most of these horizons. favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a rich in organic matter and is used to topdress series recognized in the classification system. roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining. Such soils are named for a series they strongly Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example, resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils that series because they differ in ways too small to in extremely small amounts. They are essential to be of consequence in interpreting their use and plant growth. behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than when one or more of their characteristics are the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the slightly outside the range defined for the family of lowlands along streams. the series for which the soils are named. Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed assumed to be inherited from the parent material across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight rather than to be the result of poor drainage. angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts Weathering. All physical and chemical changes surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These field generally is built so that the field can be changes result in disintegration and farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage decomposition of the material. has a deep channel that is maintained in Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of permanent sod. coarse grained particles that are well distributed Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea. normally can be easily increased in density and Tertiary period. The first period of the Cenozoic era bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with of geologic time following the Mesozoic era and poorly graded soil. preceding the Quaternary period (about 63 million Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The to 1 million years ago). moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt, which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic much that it does not recover when placed in a textural classes, in order of increasing proportion humid, dark chamber. of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay the wind. loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

231

Tables 232 Soil Survey

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at Union City, Kentucky)

______| | |______Temperature | Precipitation | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| | | | | |______10 will have-- | Average | |______will have-- | Average | Month |Average|Average|Average| | |number of|Average| | |number of|Average | daily | daily | daily | Maximum | Minimum | growing | | Less | More |days with|snow- |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| degree | |than--|than--|0.10 inch|fall | | | | higher | lower | days* | | | | or more | ______| | | | than-- | than-- | | | | | | | o__F | o__F | o__F | __oF | __oF | _____Units | __In | __In | __In | | __In | | | | | | | | | | | January-----| 42.8 | 25.0 | 33.9 | 71 | -3 | 11 | 3.77 | 2.27 | 5.12 | 6 | 3.8 | | | | | | | | | | | February----| 48.6 | 28.5 | 38.5 | 75 | 3 | 24 | 4.03 | 2.20 | 5.64 | 6 | 3.4 | | | | | | | | | | | March------| 58.5 | 37.4 | 47.9 | 81 | 18 | 100 | 4.92 | 2.95 | 6.69 | 8 | 1.2 | | | | | | | | | | | April------| 68.7 | 46.1 | 57.4 | 87 | 28 | 258 | 4.86 | 3.06 | 6.49 | 7 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | May------| 77.5 | 56.0 | 66.7 | 91 | 39 | 516 | 5.08 | 2.97 | 6.97 | 8 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | June------| 85.9 | 64.5 | 75.2 | 96 | 48 | 757 | 4.80 | 2.49 | 6.81 | 6 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | July------| 89.3 | 68.2 | 78.8 | 99 | 55 | 880 | 4.17 | 1.80 | 6.19 | 6 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | August------| 88.2 | 65.1 | 76.7 | 98 | 52 | 817 | 3.19 | 1.13 | 4.90 | 4 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | September---| 82.0 | 57.4 | 69.7 | 96 | 38 | 591 | 3.25 | 1.27 | 4.91 | 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | October-----| 71.5 | 45.1 | 58.3 | 88 | 29 | 277 | 3.84 | 1.87 | 5.54 | 5 | 0.1 | | | | | | | | | | | November----| 58.4 | 37.1 | 47.8 | 80 | 19 | 96 | 4.98 | 2.83 | 6.90 | 7 | 0.3 | | | | | | | | | | | December----| 47.4 | 29.0 | 38.2 | 70 | 5 | 23 | 5.01 | 2.55 | 7.15 | 7 | 0.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | | Average----| 68.2 | 46.6 | 57.4 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Extreme----| 103 | -14 | --- | 100 | -6 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Total------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4,351 | 51.90 |44.24 | 58.18| 75 | 9.4 ______| | | | | | | | | | |

* A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (50 degrees F). Fulton County, Kentucky 233

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1970-2000 at Union City, Kentucky)

______| |______Temperature Probability | | | | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF ______| or lower | or lower | or lower | | | | | | Last freezing | | | temperature | | | in spring: | | | | | | 1 year in 10 | | | later than-- | March 21 | April 9 | April 17 | | | 2 years in 10 | | | later than-- | March 15 | April 4 | April 12 | | | 5 years in 10 | | | later than-- | March 4 | March 25 | April 4 | | | First freezing | | | temperature | | | in fall: | | | | | | 1 year in 10 | | | earlier than-- | November 5 | October 22 | October 6 | | | 2 years in 10 | | | earlier than-- | November 11 | October 27 | October 12 | | | 5 years in 10 | | | earlier than-- | November 21 | November 6 | October 22 ______| | |

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at Union City, Kentucky)

______| | Daily minimum temperature |______during growing season Probability | | | | Higher | Higher | Higher | than | than | than ______| 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF | ____Days | ____Days | ____Days | | | 9 years in 10 | 239 | 204 | 182 | | | 8 years in 10 | 246 | 211 | 188 | | | 5 years in 10 | 261 | 225 | 201 | | | 2 years in 10 | 275 | 239 | 213 | | | 1 year in 10 | 282 | 247 | 220 ______| | | 234 Soil Survey

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

______| | | Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent symbol | | | ______| | | | | | | | | Ac |Adler silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 271 | 0.2 Ad |Adler silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 432 | 0.3 Ba |Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 1,551 | 1.1 Bd |Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 827 | 0.6 Be |Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 1,310 | 0.9 Bf |Bardwell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 559 | 0.4 Bn |Bondurant silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 2,225 | 1.5 Bo |Bondurant silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 1,218 | 0.8 Br |Bowdre silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 2,991 | 2.0 Bw |Bowdre silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 572 | 0.4 CaA |Calloway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 2,403 | 1.6 CaB2 |Calloway silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded------| 3,235 | 2.2 CeA |Center silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes------| 282 | 0.2 CfA |Center silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 106 | * Cg |Collins silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 574 | 0.4 Ch |Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 3,108 | 2.1 Ck |Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 606 | 0.4 Cm |Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 5,096 | 3.5 Cn |Commerce silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 382 | 0.3 Co |Commerce silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 2,254 | 1.5 Cp |Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 983 | 0.7 Cr |Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 3,925 | 2.7 Cs |Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 392 | 0.3 Ct |Convent-Mhoon complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 461 | 0.3 Cu |Convent-Mhoon complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 3,189 | 2.2 Cv |Crevasse loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 1,310 | 0.9 Cw |Crevasse loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 3,240 | 2.2 Cx |Crevasse silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 282 | 0.2 De |Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 782 | 0.5 Dk |Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 166 | 0.1 Do |Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, overwash--| 1,873 | 1.3 Dv |Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, overwash----| 142 | * Fa |Falaya silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 2,526 | 1.7 Fc |Falaya-Waverly complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 443 | 0.3 FnA |Feliciana silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 5 | * FnB |Feliciana silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------| 1,745 | 1.2 FnB2 |Feliciana silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded------| 216 | 0.1 FnC2 |Feliciana silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------| 263 | 0.2 FnC3 |Feliciana silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 578 | 0.4 FnD3 |Feliciana silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 543 | 0.4 FnE3 |Feliciana silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 86 | * GrA |Grenada silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 1,054 | 0.7 GrB |Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------| 5,067 | 3.4 GrB2 |Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded------| 3,639 | 2.5 GrB3 |Grenada silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 1,044 | 0.7 GrC2 |Grenada silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------| 2,059 | 1.4 GrC3 |Grenada silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 2,263 | 1.5 GuF |Gullied land-Memphis complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes------| 203 | 0.1 Ke |Keyespoint silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 405 | 0.3 Kf |Keyespoint silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 1,184 | 0.8 KrA |Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 1,363 | 0.9 KsA |Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 446 | 0.3 KuA |Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 221 | 0.1 LEVEE |Levee------| 580 | 0.4 LoA |Loring silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 315 | 0.2 LoB |Loring silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------| 7,785 | 5.3 LoB2 |Loring silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded------| 1,408 | 1.0 LoB3 |Loring silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 1,105 | 0.7 LoC2 |Loring silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------| 1,155 | 0.8 LoC3 |Loring silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 6,180 | 4.2 | | |

See footnote at end of table. Fulton County, Kentucky 235

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued ______| | | Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent symbol | | | ______| | | | | | | | | LoD3 |Loring silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 1,884 | 1.3 M-W |Miscellaneous water------| 76 | * MeA |Memphis silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 123 | * MeB |Memphis silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------| 4,160 | 2.8 MeB2 |Memphis silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded------| 811 | 0.5 MeC2 |Memphis silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------| 419 | 0.3 MeC3 |Memphis silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 1,512 | 1.0 MeD3 |Memphis silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 1,081 | 0.7 MeE3 |Memphis silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes, severely eroded------| 1,514 | 1.0 MmF |Memphis-Natchez complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, gullied------| 2,310 | 1.6 Mo |Mhoon silt loam, ponded------| 1,050 | 0.7 Op |Openlake silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 1,252 | 0.8 Os |Openlake silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 3,528 | 2.4 Ph |Phillippy silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, protected------| 1,730 | 1.2 Pp |Phillippy silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 680 | 0.5 PtD |Pits-Udorthents complex, 0 to 20 percent slopes------| 137 | * Ra |Riverwash, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 1,233 | 0.8 Rb |Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, protected------| 339 | 0.2 Rc |Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 993 | 0.7 Rf |Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 903 | 0.6 RmD |Robinsonville fine sandy loam, natural levee, 8 to 25 percent slopes, occasionally | | | flooded------| 133 | * Ro |Roellen silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 744 | 0.5 RsA |Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 661 | 0.4 RtA |Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 33 | * RuA |Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 634 | 0.4 Sc |Sharkey silty clay, ponded------| 1,158 | 0.8 Sh |Sharkey silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 713 | 0.5 Sk |Sharkey silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 4,439 | 3.0 Tc |Tunica silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 534 | 0.4 Tu |Tunica silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 1,447 | 1.0 UdC |Udorthents-Urban land complex, 5 to 25 percent slopes------| 269 | 0.2 UrB |Urban land-Udorthents complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes------| 216 | 0.1 W |Water------| 14,452 | 9.8 Wa |Ware loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 1,615 | 1.1 Wm |Ware loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 703 | 0.5 Wr |Ware silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, protected------| 1,633 | 1.1 Ws |Ware silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 1,741 | 1.2 | |------|------| Total------| 147,488 | 100.0 ______| | |

* Less than 0.1 percent. 236 Soil Survey

Table 5.--Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are not considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions, the conditions are specified in parentheses after the soil name.)

______| Map | Soil name symbol | ______| | | Ac |Adler silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Ad |Adler silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Ba |Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Bd |Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Be |Bardwell silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where protected from flooding or not | frequently flooded during the growing season) Bf |Bardwell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where protected from flooding | or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Bn |Bondurant silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) Bo |Bondurant silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either | protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Br |Bowdre silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) Bw |Bowdre silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either protected | from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) CaA |Calloway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) CaB2 |Calloway silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded CeA |Center silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes CfA |Center silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Cg |Collins silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Ch |Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) Ck |Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained) Cm |Commerce silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either protected | from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Cn |Commerce silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained) Co |Commerce silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either | protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Cp |Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) Cr |Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Cs |Convent silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded Ct |Convent-Mhoon complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained) Cu |Convent-Mhoon complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either protected | from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) De |Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Dk |Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where protected from flooding | or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Do |Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, overwash Dv |Dekoven silt loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, overwash (where protected from | flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Fa |Falaya silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained) Fc |Falaya-Waverly complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained) FnA |Feliciana silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes FnB |Feliciana silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes FnB2 |Feliciana silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded GrA |Grenda silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes GrB |Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes GrB2 |Grenada silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded Ke |Keyespoint silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) Kf |Keyespoint silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either | protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) KrA |Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) KsA |Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained) KuA |Kurk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either protected from | flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) LoA |Loring silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes LoB |Loring silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes LoB2 |Loring silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded MeA |Memphis silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes MeB |Memphis silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes | Fulton County, Kentucky 237

Table 5.--Prime Farmland--Continued ______| Map | Soil name symbol | ______| | | MeB2 |Memphis silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded Op |Openlake silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) Os |Openlake silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either | protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Ph |Phillippy silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Pp |Phillippy silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded Rb |Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Rc |Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Rf |Robinsonville fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where protected from | flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Ro |Roellen silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained and either protected | from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) RsA |Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) RtA |Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained) RuA |Routon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either protected from | flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Sh |Sharkey silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) Sk |Sharkey silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either protected | from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Tc |Tunica silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained) Tu |Tunica silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either protected | from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season) Wa |Ware loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Wm |Ware loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Wr |Ware silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Ws |Ware silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where protected from flooding or not | frequently flooded during the growing season) ______| 238 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for nonirrigated areas. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil.)

______| | | | | | Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat|Grass-legume| Pasture ______and soil name | capability | | | | hay | | | __Bu | __Bu | __Bu | ____Tons | ___AUM* | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | | Adler------| 1 | 170.00 | 50.00 | 60.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | | Adler------| 2w | 160.00 | 50.00 | 60.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | | Bardwell------| 1 | 175.00 | 60.00 | 70.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | | Bardwell------| 2w | 175.00 | 60.00 | 65.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | Be: | | | | | | Bardwell------| 3w | 160.00 | 50.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Bf: | | | | | | Bardwell------| 3w | 150.00 | 50.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Bn: | | | | | | Bondurant------| 2w | 145.00 | 48.00 | 45.00 | 4.50 | 8.00 | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | Bondurant------| 4w | --- | 45.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Br: | | | | | | Bowdre------| 2w | 140.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | Bw: | | | | | | Bowdre------| 4w | --- | 45.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | Calloway------| 2w | 130.00 | 45.00 | 45.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | CaB2: | | | | | | Calloway------| 2e | 115.00 | 38.00 | 40.00 | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | CeA, CfA: | | | | | | Center------| 2w | 145.00 | 45.00 | 55.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | Collins------| 2w | 150.00 | 50.00 | 60.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | Ch, Ck: | | | | | | Commerce------| 2w | 165.00 | 55.00 | 60.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | Commerce------| 4w | --- | 45.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | Commerce------| 2w | 160.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | Commerce------| 4w | --- | 40.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | Convent------| 2w | 145.00 | 45.00 | 55.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | |

See footnote at end of table. Fulton County, Kentucky 239

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______| | | | | | Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat|Grass-legume| Pasture ______and soil name | capability | | | | hay | | | __Bu | __Bu | __Bu | ____Tons | ___AUM* | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | Convent------| 2w | 140.00 | 45.00 | 50.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | Cs: | | | | | | Convent------| 3w | 125.00 | 38.00 | --- | 3.00 | 6.00 | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | Convent------| 2w | 120.00 | 38.00 | --- | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | Mhoon------| 3w | 120.00 | 38.00 | --- | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | Cu: | | | | | | Convent------| 3w | 115.00 | 38.00 | --- | 3.50 | 6.00 | | | | | | Mhoon------| 3w | 115.00 | 38.00 | --- | 3.50 | 6.00 | | | | | | Cv, Cw: | | | | | | Crevasse------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Cx: | | | | | | Crevasse------| 4s | --- | 20.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | De: | | | | | | Dekoven------| 2w | 155.00 | 50.00 | 48.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | Dekoven------| 3w | 130.00 | 40.00 | --- | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | Do: | | | | | | Dekoven------| 2w | 155.00 | 50.00 | 48.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | Dv: | | | | | | Dekoven------| 3w | 130.00 | 40.00 | --- | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | Falaya------| 2w | 140.00 | 45.00 | 48.00 | 3.50 | 6.50 | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | Falaya------| 2w | 125.00 | 45.00 | 48.00 | 3.50 | 6.50 | | | | | | Waverly------| 3w | 125.00 | 45.00 | 48.00 | 3.50 | 6.50 | | | | | | FnA: | | | | | | Feliciana------| 1 | 155.00 | 50.00 | 55.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | FnB: | | | | | | Feliciana------| 2e | 155.00 | 50.00 | 55.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | FnB2: | | | | | | Feliciana------| 2e | 150.00 | 48.00 | 50.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | FnC2: | | | | | | Feliciana------| 3e | 140.00 | 45.00 | 50.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | | Feliciana------| 4e | 130.00 | 40.00 | 48.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | FnD3: | | | | | | Feliciana------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | FnE3: | | | | | | Feliciana------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.00 | | | | | |

See footnote at end of table. 240 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______| | | | | | Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat|Grass-legume| Pasture ______and soil name | capability | | | | hay | | | __Bu | __Bu | __Bu | ____Tons | ___AUM* | | | | | | GrA: | | | | | | Grenada------| 2w | 145.00 | 45.00 | 55.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | Grenada------| 2e | 145.00 | 45.00 | 55.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | Grenada------| 2e | 140.00 | 45.00 | 50.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | Grenada------| 3e | 120.00 | 40.00 | 45.00 | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | GrC2: | | | | | | Grenada------| 3e | 125.00 | 45.00 | 48.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | GrC3: | | | | | | Grenada------| 4e | 115.00 | 35.00 | 45.00 | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | Gullied land------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Memphis------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 2w | 145.00 | 48.00 | 48.00 | 4.50 | 8.00 | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 4w | --- | 40.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | KrA, KsA: | | | | | | Kurk------| 2w | 135.00 | 40.00 | 48.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | KuA: | | | | | | Kurk------| 3w | 120.00 | 40.00 | --- | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | LEVEE. | | | | | | Levee | | | | | | | | | | | | LoA: | | | | | | Loring------| 2w | 150.00 | 50.00 | 55.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | LoB: | | | | | | Loring------| 2e | 150.00 | 50.00 | 55.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | LoB2: | | | | | | Loring------| 2e | 145.00 | 48.00 | 50.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | Loring------| 3e | 130.00 | 38.00 | 48.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | Loring------| 3e | 135.00 | 40.00 | 48.00 | 4.00 | 8.50 | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | Loring------| 4e | 120.00 | 38.00 | 45.00 | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | Loring------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | 2.50 | 5.00 | | | | | | M-W. | | | | | | Miscellaneous Water | | | | | | | | | | | |

See footnote at end of table. Fulton County, Kentucky 241

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______| | | | | | Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat|Grass-legume| Pasture ______and soil name | capability | | | | hay | | | __Bu | __Bu | __Bu | ____Tons | ___AUM* | | | | | | MeA: | | | | | | Memphis------| 1 | 155.00 | 50.00 | 55.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | MeB: | | | | | | Memphis------| 2e | 155.00 | 50.00 | 55.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | MeB2: | | | | | | Memphis------| 2e | 150.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | | | | | | MeC2: | | | | | | Memphis------| 3e | 140.00 | 45.00 | 50.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | MeC3: | | | | | | Memphis------| 4e | 130.00 | 40.00 | 48.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | MeD3: | | | | | | Memphis------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | 3.00 | 5.50 | | | | | | MeE3: | | | | | | Memphis------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.00 | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | Memphis------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Natchez------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | Mhoon------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Op: | | | | | | Openlake------| 2w | 145.00 | 48.00 | 45.00 | 4.50 | 8.00 | | | | | | Os: | | | | | | Openlake------| 4w | --- | 40.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | Phillippy------| 2w | 150.00 | 48.00 | 50.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | Pp: | | | | | | Phillippy------| 3w | 145.00 | 48.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | Pits. | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Ra. | | | | | | Riverwash | | | | | | | | | | | | Rb: | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 1 | 130.00 | 40.00 | 48.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | Rc: | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 2w | 130.00 | 40.00 | 48.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 3w | 130.00 | 40.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | 3.00 | 5.00 | | | | | |

See footnote at end of table. 242 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______| | | | | | Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat|Grass-legume| Pasture ______and soil name | capability | | | | hay | | | __Bu | __Bu | __Bu | ____Tons | ___AUM* | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | Roellen------| 3w | 125.00 | 38.00 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | RsA, RtA: | | | | | | Routon------| 3w | 125.00 | 38.00 | 40.00 | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | RuA: | | | | | | Routon------| 4w | 115.00 | 38.00 | --- | 3.50 | 7.00 | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | Sharkey------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | Sharkey------| 3w | 115.00 | 38.00 | --- | 3.00 | 6.00 | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | Sharkey------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Tc: | | | | | | Tunica------| 3w | 115.00 | 38.00 | --- | 3.00 | 6.00 | | | | | | Tu: | | | | | | Tunica------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | Wa: | | | | | | Ware------| 1 | 135.00 | 48.00 | 55.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | Wm: | | | | | | Ware------| 2w | 135.00 | 45.00 | 50.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | | | | | | Wr: | | | | | | Ware------| 1 | 160.00 | 55.00 | 60.00 | 4.50 | 9.00 | | | | | | Ws: | | | | | | Ware------| 3w | 140.00 | 45.00 | --- | --- | --- ______| | | | | |

* Animal-unit month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse, one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days. Fulton County, Kentucky 243

Table 7.--Acreage by Capability Class and Subclass

______| | Capability | Capability | Acreage class | subclass | ______| | | | | | Unclassified | --- | 16,826 1 | --- | 5,537 2 | e | 28,066 2 | w | 32,783 3 | e | 6,045 3 | w | 12,395 4 | e | 10,666 4 | w | 14,486 4 | s | 282 5 | w | 8,094 6 | e | 3,508 6 | s | 4,550 7 | e | 4,250 ______| | 244 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Forest Productivity

(Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed. Absence of an entry indicates that information was not available.)

______|______Potential productivity | Map symbol and | |Site | Volume | soil name | Common trees |index|of wood | Trees to manage ______| | | fiber | | | |cu______ft/ac| | | | | Ac, Ad: | | | | Adler------|American sycamore---| 115 | 186 |American sycamore, |cherrybark oak------| 100 | 157 | cherrybark oak, |eastern cottonwood--| 120 | 186 | eastern |green ash------| 95 | 57 | cottonwood, green |sweetgum------| 100 | 143 | ash, sweetgum |water oak------| 100 | 100 | |willow oak------| 100 | 100 | | | | | Ba, Bd, Be, Bf: | | | | Bardwell------|American elm------| --- | --- |black walnut, |boxelder------| --- | --- | cherrybark oak, |common hackberry----| --- | --- | green ash, pecan, |green ash------| --- | --- | sweetgum, |pecan------| --- | --- | tuliptree |silver maple------| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | Bn, Bo: | | | | Bondurant------|American sycamore---| 100 | 129 |American sycamore, |cherrybark oak------| 100 | 143 | cherrybark oak, |eastern cottonwood--| 110 | 157 | eastern |green ash------| 90 | --- | cottonwood, |Nuttall oak------| 100 | 100 | sweetgum |pecan------| --- | --- | |sugarberry------| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| 95 | 114 | | | | | Br, Bw: | | | | Bowdre------|American elm------| --- | --- |American sycamore, |boxelder------| --- | --- | eastern |cherrybark oak------| 90 | 57 | cottonwood, green |common hackberry----| --- | --- | ash, sweetgum |eastern cottonwood--| 103 | 129 | |sweetgum------| 99 | 129 | | | | | CaA, CaB2: | | | | Calloway------|cherrybark oak------| 80 | 114 |loblolly pine, |loblolly pine------| 80 | 129 | sweetgum, |shortleaf pine------| 70 | 114 | tuliptree |sweetgum------| 80 | 86 | |tuliptree------| 98 | 100 | |water oak------| 80 | 72 | | | | | CeA, CfA: | | | | Center------|American elm------| --- | --- |American sycamore, |American sycamore---| 90 | 100 | cherrybark oak, |blackgum------| --- | --- | eastern |eastern cottonwood--| 95 | 114 | cottonwood, green |silver maple------| --- | --- | ash, southern red |southern red oak----| 75 | 57 | oak, sweetgum |swamp white oak-----| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | |tuliptree------| 90 | 86 | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 245

Table 8.--Forest Productivity--Continued ______|______Potential productivity | Map symbol and | |Site | Volume | soil name | Common trees |index|of wood | Trees to manage ______| | | fiber | | | |cu______ft/ac| | | | | Cg: | | | | Collins------|American elm------| --- | --- |American sycamore, |American sycamore---| 95 | 114 | cherrybark oak, |cherrybark oak------| 120 | 186 | green ash, |green ash------| 95 | 57 | loblolly pine, |red maple------| --- | --- | sweetgum, |southern red oak----| --- | --- | tuliptree |sweetgum------| 100 | 143 | |tuliptree------| 102 | 114 | | | | | Ch, Ck: | | | | Commerce------|eastern cottonwood--| 120 | 186 |American sycamore, |green ash------| 80 | --- | eastern |overcup oak------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green |sugarberry------| --- | --- | ash, Nuttall oak, |American sycamore---| --- | --- | overcup oak | | | | Cm: | | | | Commerce------|eastern cottonwood--| 113 | 172 |American sycamore, |Nuttall oak------| --- | --- | eastern |overcup oak------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green |sugarberry------| --- | --- | ash, Nuttall oak, |water hickory------| --- | --- | overcup oak | | | | Cn: | | | | Commerce------|eastern cottonwood--| 120 | 186 |American sycamore, |green ash------| 80 | --- | eastern |overcup oak------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green |sugarberry------| --- | --- | ash, Nuttall oak, |American sycamore---| --- | --- | overcup oak | | | | Co: | | | | Commerce------|eastern cottonwood--| 113 | 172 |American sycamore, |Nuttall oak------| --- | --- | eastern |overcup oak------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green |sugarberry------| --- | --- | ash, Nuttall oak, |water hickory------| --- | --- | overcup oak | | | | Cp, Cr: | | | | Convent------|American sycamore---| --- | --- |cherrybark oak, |eastern cottonwood--| 120 | 186 | pecan, Shumard's |green ash------| 80 | 57 | oak, water oak |Nuttall oak------| 90 | --- | |pecan------| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| 110 | 172 | |water oak------| --- | --- | | | | | Cs: | | | | Convent------|American sycamore---| --- | --- |American sycamore, |green ash------| --- | --- | eastern |pin oak------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green |river birch------| --- | --- | ash, sweetgum |sweetgum------| 105 | 157 | |willow oak------| --- | --- | | | | | Ct, Cu: | | | | Convent------|American sycamore---| --- | --- |American sycamore, |green ash------| --- | --- | eastern |pin oak------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green |river birch------| --- | --- | ash, sweetgum |sweetgum------| 105 | 157 | |willow oak------| --- | --- | | | | | 246 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Forest Productivity--Continued ______|______Potential productivity | Map symbol and | |Site | Volume | soil name | Common trees |index|of wood | Trees to manage ______| | | fiber | | | |cu______ft/ac| | | | | Ct, Cu: | | | | Mhoon------|black willow------| --- | --- |American sycamore, |eastern cottonwood--| 102 | 129 | eastern |silver maple------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green | | | | ash, sweetgum | | | | Cv, Cw, Cx: | | | | Crevasse------|eastern cottonwood--| 90 | 100 |eastern cottonwood |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | |white oak------| 100 | 72 | | | | | De, Dk, Do, Dv: | | | | Dekoven------|American sycamore---| --- | --- |American sycamore, |black willow------| --- | --- | pin oak, sweetgum |green ash------| --- | --- | |overcup oak------| --- | --- | |pin oak------| --- | --- | |shellbark hickory---| --- | --- | |silver maple------| --- | --- | |swamp white oak-----| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| 95 | 114 | | | | | Fa: | | | | Falaya------|black willow------| --- | --- |cherrybark oak, |blackgum------| --- | --- | eastern |cherrybark oak------| 108 | 186 | cottonwood, green |eastern cottonwood--| 112 | 157 | ash, pin oak, |green ash------| 90 | 129 | sweetgum |hickory------| --- | --- | |pin oak------| --- | --- | |red maple------| --- | --- | |river birch------| --- | --- | |sugar maple------| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| 102 | 143 | |water oak------| 100 | 100 | | | | | Fc: | | | | Falaya------|black willow------| --- | --- |cherrybark oak, |blackgum------| --- | --- | eastern |cherrybark oak------| 108 | 186 | cottonwood, green |eastern cottonwood--| 112 | 157 | ash, pin oak, |green ash------| 90 | 129 | sweetgum |hickory------| --- | --- | |pin oak------| --- | --- | |red maple------| --- | --- | |river birch------| --- | --- | |sugar maple------| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| 102 | 143 | |water oak------| 100 | 100 | | | | | Waverly------|cherrybark oak------| 100 | 143 |American sycamore, |loblolly pine------| 95 | 143 | cherrybark oak, |Nuttall oak------| 100 | --- | loblolly pine, |pin oak------| --- | --- | sweetgum, water |sweetgum------| 100 | 143 | oak, water tupelo, |water oak------| 95 | 86 | willow oak |willow oak------| 95 | 86 | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2, FnC2, | | | | FnC3, FnD3, FnE3: | | | | Feliciana------|cherrybark oak------| 90 | 114 |cherrybark oak, |loblolly pine------| 90 | 129 | loblolly pine, |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | southern red oak | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 247

Table 8.--Forest Productivity--Continued ______|______Potential productivity | Map symbol and | |Site | Volume | soil name | Common trees |index|of wood | Trees to manage ______| | | fiber | | | |cu______ft/ac| | | | | GrA, GrB, GrB2, GrB3, | | | | GrC2, GrC3: | | | | Grenada------|black oak------| 68 | 43 |cherrybark oak, |cherrybark oak------| 85 | 100 | loblolly pine, |loblolly pine------| 85 | 114 | shortleaf pine, |shortleaf pine------| 75 | 114 | Shumard's oak, |southern red oak----| 80 | 57 | slash pine, |sweetgum------| 80 | 86 | sweetgum, water | | | | oak, white oak | | | | GuF: | | | | Gullied land------|loblolly pine------| 80 | 114 |loblolly pine, |sweetgum------| 80 | 86 | sweetgum, |tuliptree------| 90 | 86 | tuliptree |white oak------| 70 | 57 | | | | | Memphis------|cherrybark oak------| 90 | 114 |cherrybark oak |loblolly pine------| 90 | 129 | |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | | | | | Ke, Kf: | | | | Keyespoint------|American sycamore---| 100 | 129 |American sycamore, |cherrybark oak------| 100 | 143 | cherrybark oak, |eastern cottonwood--| 110 | 157 | eastern |green ash------| 90 | --- | cottonwood, |Nuttall oak------| --- | 143 | sweetgum |pecan------| --- | --- | |sugarberry------| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| 95 | 114 | | | | | KrA, KsA, KuA: | | | | Kurk------|cherrybark oak------| 85 | 100 |cherrybark oak, |hickory------| 85 | --- | eastern |red maple------| 75 | 43 | cottonwood, green |southern red oak----| 80 | 57 | ash, sweetgum, |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | tuliptree |white oak------| 80 | 57 | | | | | LoA, LoB, LoB2, LoB3, | | | | LoC2,LoC3, LoD3: | | | | Loring------|cherrybark oak------| 86 | 100 |cherrybark oak, |loblolly pine------| 85 | 114 | loblolly pine, |southern red oak----| 74 | 57 | shortleaf pine, |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | southern red oak, |water oak------| 82 | 72 | tuliptree | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2, MeC2, | | | | MeC3, MeD3: | | | | Memphis------|cherrybark oak------| 90 | 114 |cherrybark oak, |loblolly pine------| 90 | 129 | loblolly pine, |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | tuliptree | | | | MeE3: | | | | Memphis------|cherrybark oak------| 90 | 114 |cherrybark oak, |loblolly pine------| 90 | 129 | tuliptree |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | |tuliptree------| --- | --- | | | | | MmF: | | | | Memphis------|cherrybark oak------| 90 | 114 |cherrybark oak, |loblolly pine------| 90 | 129 | tuliptree |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | |tuliptree------| --- | --- | | | | | 248 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Forest Productivity--Continued ______|______Potential productivity | Map symbol and | |Site | Volume | soil name | Common trees |index|of wood | Trees to manage ______| | | fiber | | | |cu______ft/ac| | | | | MmF: | | | | Natchez------|eastern cottonwood--| 105 | 143 |American sycamore, |loblolly pine------| 90 | 129 | eastern |sweetgum------| 105 | 157 | cottonwood, green | | | | ash, loblolly | | | | pine, sweetgum, | | | | tuliptree | | | | Mo: | | | | Mhoon------|baldcypress------| 80 | 57 |American sycamore, |black willow------| --- | --- | baldcypress, |silver maple------| --- | --- | eastern |water tupelo------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green | | | | ash, sweetgum | | | | Op, Os: | | | | Openlake------|American sycamore---| 100 | 129 |American sycamore, |cherrybark oak------| 100 | 143 | cherrybark oak, |eastern cottonwood--| 110 | 157 | eastern |green ash------| 90 | --- | cottonwood, |Nuttall oak------| 100 | 100 | sweetgum |pecan------| --- | --- | |sugarberry------| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| 95 | 114 | | | | | Ph, Pp: | | | | Phillippy------|baldcypress------| --- | --- |baldcypress, |eastern cottonwood--| 95 | 114 | eastern |pin oak------| 80 | 57 | cottonwood, pin | | | | oak | | | | Rb, Rc, Rf, RmD: | | | | Robinsonville------|American sycamore---| 115 | --- |American sycamore, |eastern cottonwood--| 110 | 157 | eastern |green ash------| 85 | 57 | cottonwood, |sweetgum------| 105 | 157 | sweetgum | | | | Ro: | | | | Roellen------|cherrybark oak------| 90 | 114 |eastern cottonwood, |eastern cottonwood--| 100 | 129 | sweetgum |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | |water oak------| 90 | 86 | | | | | RsA, RtA, RuA: | | | | Routon------|cherrybark oak------| 110 | 186 |American sycamore, |sweetgum------| 105 | 157 | cherrybark oak, |water oak------| 90 | 86 | eastern |white oak------| 80 | 57 | cottonwood, green |willow oak------| 90 | 86 | ash, sweetgum | | | | Sc, Sh, Sk: | | | | Sharkey------|baldcypress------| --- | --- |baldcypress, |black willow------| --- | --- | sweetgum |green ash------| 90 | 57 | |overcup oak------| 96 | --- | |sugarberry------| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | |water hickory------| --- | --- | |water tupelo------| --- | --- | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 249

Table 8.--Forest Productivity--Continued ______|______Potential productivity | Map symbol and | |Site | Volume | soil name | Common trees |index|of wood | Trees to manage ______| | | fiber | | | |cu______ft/ac| | | | | Tc: | | | | Tunica------|cherrybark oak------| 90 | 114 |American sycamore, |eastern cottonwood--| 105 | 143 | cherrybark oak, |green ash------| 100 | 57 | eastern |Nuttall oak------| 105 | --- | cottonwood, green |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | ash, Nuttall oak, | | | | sweetgum | | | | Tu: | | | | Tunica------|cherrybark oak------| 90 | 114 |baldcypress, |eastern cottonwood--| 105 | 143 | cherrybark oak, |green ash------| --- | --- | eastern cottonwood |Nuttall oak------| --- | --- | |overcup oak------| --- | --- | |sugarberry------| 100 | 57 | |water hickory------| --- | --- | ______| | | | 250 Soil Survey

Table 9a.--Forestland Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.)

______|Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting Map symbol | of | construction of haul | log landings | hazard and soil name |map |______roads and log landings | | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | | | Adler------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | | | Adler------| 95 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Be, Bf: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Bn: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Strength |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Br: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Bw: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | CaA, CaB2: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | CeA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 251

Table 9a.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting Map symbol | of | construction of haul | log landings | hazard and soil name |map |______roads and log landings | | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CfA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | Collins------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Cs: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | 252 Soil Survey

Table 9a.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting Map symbol | of | construction of haul | log landings | hazard and soil name |map |______roads and log landings | | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cu: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Cv: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Slight | |Well suited | |Moderate | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cw, Cx: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Moderate | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 80 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Do: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Dv: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 50 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Waverly------| 45 |Moderate | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 253

Table 9a.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting Map symbol | of | construction of haul | log landings | hazard and soil name |map |______roads and log landings | | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FnC2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | FnD3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Moderate | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | FnE3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Moderate | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Landslides |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Strength |0.50 | Landslides |0.50 | | | | | | | | | GrA: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | GrC2, GrC3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | Gullied land------| 60 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 35 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Landslides |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Slope |1.00 | Landslides |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | 254 Soil Survey

Table 9a.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting Map symbol | of | construction of haul | log landings | hazard and soil name |map |______roads and log landings | | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | KrA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | KsA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | KuA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | LEVEE: | | | | | | | Levee------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB, LoB2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Moderate | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | M-W: | | | | | | | Miscellaneous | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 255

Table 9a.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting Map symbol | of | construction of haul | log landings | hazard and soil name |map |______roads and log landings | | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MeC2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | MeC3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | MeD3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Moderate | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | MeE3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Moderate | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Landslides |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Strength |0.50 | Landslides |0.50 | | | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 55 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Landslides |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Slope |1.00 | Landslides |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Natchez------| 35 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Landslides |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Slope |1.00 | Landslides |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Wetness |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Op: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Os: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Strength |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Pp: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | Pits------| 75 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | 256 Soil Survey

Table 9a.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting Map symbol | of | construction of haul | log landings | hazard and soil name |map |______roads and log landings | | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 15 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Ra: | | | | | | | Riverwash------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Rb: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Rc: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | Roellen------| 85 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | RsA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Moderate | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | RtA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Moderate | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | RuA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Wetness |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 85 |Moderate | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 257

Table 9a.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting Map symbol | of | construction of haul | log landings | hazard and soil name |map |______roads and log landings | | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Tc: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Moderate | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Tu: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | Stickiness/slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 55 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Urban land------| 35 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | Urban land------| 65 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Wa: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Wm: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Wr: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | | | | | | Ws: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Moderate | |Moderately suited | |Severe | | | Flooding |0.50 | Flooding |0.50 | Strength |1.00 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | ______| | | | | | | 258 Soil Survey

Table 9b.--Forestland Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.)

______|Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Map symbol | of |______or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface) and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | | | Adler------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | | | Adler------| 95 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Be, Bf: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Bn: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Br: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Bw: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | CaB2: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Slight | |Moderate | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.10 | Slope/erodibility|0.44 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 259

Table 9b.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Map symbol | of |______or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface) and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CeA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.05 | Slope/erodibility|0.22 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | CfA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.05 | Slope/erodibility|0.22 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | Collins------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cs: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | 260 Soil Survey

Table 9b.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Map symbol | of |______or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface) and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cu: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cv: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Well suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.06 | | | | | | | | | Cw: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.06 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | | Cx: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Do: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Dv: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 50 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Waverly------| 45 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 261

Table 9b.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Map symbol | of |______or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface) and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | FnC2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Slight | |Severe | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.22 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Slight | |Severe | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.22 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | FnD3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Moderate | |Severe | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.39 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | FnE3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Moderate | |Severe | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.61 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Landslides |0.50 | | | | | | | GrA: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Slight | |Moderate | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.10 | Slope/erodibility|0.44 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Slight | |Moderate | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.10 | Slope/erodibility|0.44 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Slight | |Moderate | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.12 | Slope/erodibility|0.56 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | GrC2, GrC3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Slight | |Severe | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.22 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | Gullied land------| 60 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 35 |Severe | |Severe | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.98 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | Landslides |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | 262 Soil Survey

Table 9b.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Map symbol | of |______or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface) and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | KrA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | KsA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | KuA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | LEVEE: | | | | | | | Levee------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | LoA: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | LoB, LoB2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Slight | |Moderate | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.10 | Slope/erodibility|0.44 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Slight | |Moderate | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.12 | Slope/erodibility|0.56 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Slight | |Severe | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.22 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Slight | |Severe | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.22 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Moderate | |Severe | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.39 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | M-W: | | | | | | | Miscellaneous | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | MeA: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 263

Table 9b.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Map symbol | of |______or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface) and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MeB, MeB2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Slight | |Moderate | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.10 | Slope/erodibility|0.44 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | MeC2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Slight | |Severe | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.22 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | MeC3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Slight | |Severe | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.22 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | MeD3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Moderate | |Severe | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.39 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | MeE3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Moderate | |Severe | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.61 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Landslides |0.50 | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 55 |Severe | |Severe | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.85 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | Landslides |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Natchez------| 35 |Severe | |Severe | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.85 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | Landslides |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.01 | Slope/erodibility|0.06 | Ponding |1.00 | | | | | | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Op: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Os: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | Wetness |0.50 | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Pp: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | | 264 Soil Survey

Table 9b.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Map symbol | of |______or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface) and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | Pits------| 75 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 15 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Ra: | | | | | | | Riverwash------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Rb: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Rc: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Moderate | |Severe | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.24 | Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | Roellen------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | RsA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | RtA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | RuA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Ponding |1.00 | | | | | | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 265

Table 9b.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Map symbol | of |______or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface) and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Tc: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Tu: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 55 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Urban land------| 35 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | Urban land------| 65 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Wa: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Wm: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Wr: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ws: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited | | | Slope/erodibility|0.02 | Slope/erodibility|0.11 | Flooding |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 ______| | | | | | | 266 Soil Survey

Table 9c.--Forestland Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.)

______|Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for | Suitability for use of Map symbol | of |______hand planting | mechanical planting | harvesting equipment and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | | | Adler------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | | | Adler------| 95 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Be, Bf: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Bn, Bo: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.75 | Stickiness |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Br, Bw: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.75 | Stickiness |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | CaA, CaB2: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | CeA, CfA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | Collins------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 267

Table 9c.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for | Suitability for use of Map symbol | of |______hand planting | mechanical planting | harvesting equipment and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cp, Cr, Cs: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ct, Cu: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Cv, Cw, Cx: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | |Well suited | | | Sandiness |0.50 | Sandiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 80 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Dk, Do, Dv: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 50 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Waverly------| 45 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | FnC2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | FnD3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Moderately suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Slope |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | FnE3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Moderately suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Slope |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | | 268 Soil Survey

Table 9c.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for | Suitability for use of Map symbol | of |______hand planting | mechanical planting | harvesting equipment and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrA: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | GrC2, GrC3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Well suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | Gullied land------| 60 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 35 |Moderately suited | |Unsuited | |Poorly suited | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | Stickiness |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 85 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.75 | Stickiness |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.75 | Stickiness |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | KrA, KsA, KuA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | LEVEE: | | | | | | | Levee------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB, LoB2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | LoB3, LoC2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Well suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Well suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | Slope |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | M-W: | | | | | | | Miscellaneous | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 269

Table 9c.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for | Suitability for use of Map symbol | of |______hand planting | mechanical planting | harvesting equipment and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | MeC2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | MeC3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | MeD3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Moderately suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Slope |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | | | MeE3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Moderately suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Slope |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 55 |Moderately suited | |Unsuited | |Moderately suited | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |0.50 | | Stickiness |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Natchez------| 35 |Moderately suited | |Unsuited | |Moderately suited | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 90 |Unsuited | |Unsuited | |Poorly suited | | | Wetness |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Op, Os: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.75 | Stickiness |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Ph, Pp: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.75 | Stickiness |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | Pits------| 75 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 15 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Ra: | | | | | | | Riverwash------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Rb, Rc: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | 270 Soil Survey

Table 9c.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for | Suitability for use of Map symbol | of |______hand planting | mechanical planting | harvesting equipment and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | Roellen------| 85 |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | RsA, RtA, RuA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Unsuited | |Unsuited | |Poorly suited | | | Wetness |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | | Stickiness |0.75 | Stickiness |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 85 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.75 | Stickiness |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.75 | Stickiness |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Tc, Tu: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited | | | Stickiness |0.75 | Stickiness |0.75 | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 55 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Urban land------| 35 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | Urban land------| 65 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Wa, Wm, Wr, Ws: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 ______| | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 271

Table 9d.--Forestland Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.)

______|Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for Map symbol | of | mechanical site | mechanical site and soil name |map |______preparation (surface) | preparation (deep) |unit| Rating class and | | Rating class and | ______| | limiting features |Value| limiting features |Value | | | | | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | Adler------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | Adler------| 95 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | Bardwell------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Be, Bf: | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Bn, Bo: | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Poorly suited | |Well suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Br, Bw: | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Poorly suited | |Well suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | CaA, CaB2: | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | CeA, CfA: | | | | | Center------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | Collins------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Co: | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Cp, Cr, Cs: | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Ct, Cu: | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | 272 Soil Survey

Table 9d.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for Map symbol | of | mechanical site | mechanical site and soil name |map |______preparation (surface) | preparation (deep) |unit| Rating class and | | Rating class and | ______| | limiting features |Value| limiting features |Value | | | | | | | | | | Cv, Cw, Cx: | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | De: | | | | | Dekoven------| 80 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Dk, Do, Dv: | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | Falaya------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | Falaya------| 50 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Waverly------| 45 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2, FnC2:| | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | FnD3, FnE3: | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | GrA: | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | GrC2, GrC3: | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | Gullied land------| 60 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | Memphis------| 35 |Unsuited | |Unsuited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | Ke: | | | | | Keyespoint------| 85 |Poorly suited | |Well suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | Keyespoint------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Well suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | KrA, KsA, KuA: | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | LEVEE: | | | | | Levee------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 273

Table 9d.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for Map symbol | of | mechanical site | mechanical site and soil name |map |______preparation (surface) | preparation (deep) |unit| Rating class and | | Rating class and | ______| | limiting features |Value| limiting features |Value | | | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB, LoB2: | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | LoB3, LoC2: | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | M-W: | | | | | Miscellaneous | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2, MeC2:| | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | MeC3: | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | MeD3, MeE3: | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | MmF: | | | | | Memphis------| 55 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | Natchez------| 35 |Poorly suited | |Poorly suited | | | Slope |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | | | | | Mo: | | | | | Mhoon------| 90 |Unsuited | |Unsuited | | | Wetness |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | | | | | Op, Os: | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Well suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Ph, Pp: | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Poorly suited | |Well suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | Pits------| 75 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | Udorthents------| 15 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | Ra: | | | | | Riverwash------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | Rb, Rc: | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Rf, RmD: | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | 274 Soil Survey

Table 9d.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for Map symbol | of | mechanical site | mechanical site and soil name |map |______preparation (surface) | preparation (deep) |unit| Rating class and | | Rating class and | ______| | limiting features |Value| limiting features |Value | | | | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | Roellen------| 85 |Poorly suited | |Well suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | RsA, RtA, RuA: | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Well suited | |Well suited | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Unsuited | |Unsuited | | | Wetness |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | Sharkey------| 85 |Poorly suited | |Well suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Well suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | Tc, Tu: | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Well suited | | | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | Udorthents------| 55 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | Urban land------| 35 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | Urban land------| 65 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | Udorthents------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | W: | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | Wa, Wm, Wr, Ws: | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Well suited | |Well suited | ______| | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 275

Table 10a.--Recreation

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.)

______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds and soil name |map |______| | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | | | Adler------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | | | Adler------| 95 |Very limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 85 |Very limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Be, Bf: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | | Bn: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |0.56 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | Depth to |0.56 | permeability | | | Depth to |0.88 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Br: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | Restricted |0.94 | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | permeability | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.94 | Depth to |0.75 | Restricted |0.94 | | permeability | | saturated zone | | permeability | | | | | | | | Bw: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Too clayey |1.00 | Restricted |0.94 | Too clayey |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | permeability | | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75 | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.94 | saturated zone | | Restricted |0.94 | | permeability | | Flooding |0.40 | permeability | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Restricted |0.96 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | permeability | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.96 | Depth to |0.94 | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | saturated zone | | permeability | | | | | | | | 276 Soil Survey

Table 10a.--Recreation--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds and soil name |map |______| | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CaB2: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Restricted |0.96 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | permeability | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.96 | Depth to |0.94 | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | saturated zone | | permeability | | | | | | | Slope |0.12 | | | | | | | CeA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.39 | Restricted |0.21 | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | permeability | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.21 | Depth to |0.19 | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | saturated zone | | permeability | | | | | | | | CfA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |0.21 | Flooding |0.60 | | Depth to |0.39 | permeability | | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19 | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.21 | saturated zone | | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | | | permeability | | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | Collins------| 85 |Very limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.39 | Restricted |0.21 | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | permeability | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.21 | Depth to |0.19 | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | saturated zone | | permeability | | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |0.21 | Flooding |0.60 | | Depth to |0.39 | permeability | | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19 | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.21 | saturated zone | | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | | | permeability | | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.39 | Restricted |0.21 | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | permeability | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.21 | Depth to |0.19 | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | saturated zone | | permeability | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |0.21 | Flooding |0.60 | | Depth to |0.39 | permeability | | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19 | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.21 | saturated zone | | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | | | permeability | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 277

Table 10a.--Recreation--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds and soil name |map |______| | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.39 | Restricted |0.21 | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | permeability | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.21 | Depth to |0.19 | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | saturated zone | | permeability | | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.95 | Depth to |0.68 | Depth to |0.95 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.68 | Depth to |0.95 | | Depth to |0.95 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Cs: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.68 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.95 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.95 | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.68 | Depth to |0.95 | | Depth to |0.95 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |0.96 | Depth to |0.98 | | Depth to |0.98 | permeability | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75 | Restricted |0.96 | | Restricted |0.96 | saturated zone | | permeability | | | permeability | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Cu: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.68 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.95 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.95 | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |0.96 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | permeability | | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75 | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.96 | saturated zone | | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | Flooding |0.40 | permeability | | | | | | | | Cv: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Too sandy |0.92 | Too sandy |0.92 | | Too sandy |0.92 | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Cw: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Too sandy |0.92 | Flooding |1.00 | | Too sandy |0.92 | Flooding |0.40 | Too sandy |0.92 | | | | | | | 278 Soil Survey

Table 10a.--Recreation--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds and soil name |map |______| | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cx: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 80 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98 | | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Do: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.19 | Flooding |0.60 | | Depth to |0.39 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Dv: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |0.19 | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98 | | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 50 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98 | | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Waverly------| 45 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | FnA: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | FnB, FnB2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | | FnC2, FnC3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | FnD3, FnE3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 279

Table 10a.--Recreation--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds and soil name |map |______| | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrA: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |0.19 | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |0.19 | Slope |0.50 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.39 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |0.19 | Slope |0.50 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.39 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |0.56 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Slope |0.88 | | | | | | | GrC2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Slope |1.00 | | permeability | | permeability | | Restricted |0.96 | | Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |0.19 | permeability | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.39 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | GrC3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Slope |1.00 | | permeability | | permeability | | Restricted |0.96 | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |0.56 | permeability | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | Gullied land------| 60 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 35 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | 280 Soil Survey

Table 10a.--Recreation--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds and soil name |map |______| | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | Depth to |0.75 | permeability | | | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | KrA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | | | | | | KsA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |0.21 | Flooding |0.60 | | Restricted |0.21 | permeability | | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | | | permeability | | | | | | | | KuA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | | | | | | LEVEE: | | | | | | | Levee------|100 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | LoA: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.81 | Depth to |0.48 | Depth to |0.81 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | | | | | | LoB, LoB2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.81 | Depth to |0.48 | Depth to |0.81 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Slope |0.50 | | permeability | | permeability | | Restricted |0.21 | | | | | | permeability | | | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |0.56 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Slope |0.88 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 281

Table 10a.--Recreation--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds and soil name |map |______| | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |0.81 | Depth to |0.48 | Slope |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.81 | | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | saturated zone | | | permeability | | permeability | | Restricted |0.21 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | permeability | | | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Slope |1.00 | | permeability | | permeability | | Restricted |0.96 | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |0.56 | permeability | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |0.56 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | M-W: | | | | | | | Miscellaneous | | | | | | | water------|100 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | MeA: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | MeB, MeB2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Slope |0.50 | | | | | | | MeC2, MeC3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | MeD3, MeE3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 55 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | Natchez------| 35 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00 | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | | | | | | 282 Soil Survey

Table 10a.--Recreation--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds and soil name |map |______| | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Op: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |0.56 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Os: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | Depth to |0.56 | permeability | | | Depth to |0.88 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | | | | | | Pp: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | Flooding |0.40 | permeability | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | Pits------| 75 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 15 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Ra: | | | | | | | Riverwash------|100 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Rb: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Rc: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Very limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00 | | Slope |0.63 | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | Roellen------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | Too clayey |1.00 | Restricted |0.94 | Restricted |0.94 | | Restricted |0.94 | permeability | | permeability | | | permeability | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 283

Table 10a.--Recreation--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds and soil name |map |______| | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RsA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | | | | | | RtA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |0.96 | Restricted |0.96 | | Restricted |0.96 | permeability | | permeability | | | permeability | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | RuA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |0.96 | Flooding |1.00 | | Restricted |0.96 | permeability | | Restricted |0.96 | | permeability | | Flooding |0.40 | permeability | | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00 | | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | Too clayey |1.00 | permeability | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | Tc: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | 284 Soil Survey

Table 10a.--Recreation--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds and soil name |map |______| | |unit| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tu: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | | Restricted |1.00 | | permeability | | Too clayey |1.00 | permeability | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 55 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Urban land------| 35 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | Urban land------| 65 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 20 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Wa: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Wm: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Wr: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | | | | | | | | Ws: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | | permeability | | permeability | | permeability | ______| | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 285

Table 10b.--Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.)

______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways and soil name |map | | motorcycle trails | |unit| ______| | | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | | | Adler------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | | | Adler------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Be, Bf: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | | Bn: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Br: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Bw: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Too clayey |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75 | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | CaA, CaB2: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.94 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Depth to cemented|0.46 | | | | | | pan | | | | | | | | CeA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Depth to |0.19 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | 286 Soil Survey

Table 10b.--Recreational Development--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways and soil name |map | | motorcycle trails | |unit| ______| | | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CfA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | Depth to |0.19 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | Collins------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Depth to |0.19 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | Depth to |0.19 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Depth to |0.19 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | Depth to |0.19 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Depth to |0.19 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Flooding |0.60 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.56 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cs: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Flooding |0.60 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.56 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 287

Table 10b.--Recreational Development--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways and soil name |map | | motorcycle trails | |unit| ______| | | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Cu: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Flooding |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75 | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cv: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Too sandy |0.92 | Too sandy |0.92 | Droughty |1.00 | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Cw: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Too sandy |0.92 | Too sandy |0.92 | Flooding |1.00 | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Droughty |1.00 | | | | | | | Cx: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Droughty |0.86 | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Flooding |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75 | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Do: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | Depth to |0.19 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Dv: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | Depth to |0.19 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | 288 Soil Survey

Table 10b.--Recreational Development--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways and soil name |map | | motorcycle trails | |unit| ______| | | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 50 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Waverly------| 45 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | FnC2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | FnD3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |0.02 | | | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | FnE3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Very limited | |Not limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | | | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | GrA: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Depth to cemented|0.46 | | | | | | pan | | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Depth to cemented|0.46 | | | | | | pan | | | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to cemented|0.79 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | pan | | | | | | | Depth to |0.56 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to cemented|1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | pan | | | | | | | Depth to |0.56 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 289

Table 10b.--Recreational Development--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways and soil name |map | | motorcycle trails | |unit| ______| | | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrC2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Depth to cemented|0.46 | | | | | | pan | | | | | | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | GrC3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to cemented|1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | pan | | | | | | | Depth to |0.56 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | Gullied land------| 60 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 35 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | KrA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.73 | Depth to |0.73 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | KsA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.73 | Depth to |0.73 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | KuA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |0.73 | Depth to |0.73 | Flooding |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | LEVEE: | | | | | | | Levee------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Depth to cemented|0.46 | | | | | | pan | | | | | | | | 290 Soil Survey

Table 10b.--Recreational Development--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways and soil name |map | | motorcycle trails | |unit| ______| | | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoB2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Depth to cemented|0.84 | | | | | | pan | | | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to cemented|0.99 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | pan | | | | | | | Depth to |0.56 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited | | | | | | | Depth to cemented|0.99 | | | | | | pan | | | | | | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to cemented|0.99 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | pan | | | | | | | Depth to |0.56 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Slope |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to cemented|0.99 | | Slope |0.02 | | | pan | | | | | | | Depth to |0.56 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | M-W: | | | | | | | Miscellaneous | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | MeC2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | MeC3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | MeD3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |0.02 | | | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | MeE3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Very limited | |Not limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | | | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 55 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |0.78 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 291

Table 10b.--Recreational Development--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways and soil name |map | | motorcycle trails | |unit| ______| | | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | Natchez------| 35 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |0.78 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Op: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Os: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.18 | Depth to |0.56 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Pp: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | Pits------| 75 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 15 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Ra: | | | | | | | Riverwash------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Rb: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Rc: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Slope |0.63 | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | Roellen------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | saturated zone | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | 292 Soil Survey

Table 10b.--Recreational Development--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways and soil name |map | | motorcycle trails | |unit| ______| | | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RsA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | RtA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | RuA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | saturated zone | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | Tc: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | Tu: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | saturated zone | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 55 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Urban land------| 35 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | Urban land------| 65 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 293

Table 10b.--Recreational Development--Continued ______|Pct.| | | Map symbol | of | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways and soil name |map | | motorcycle trails | |unit| ______| | | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______| | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Wa: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Wm: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | | Wr: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Ws: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 ______| | | | | | | 294 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life ______| crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac, Ad: | | | | | | | | | | Adler------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | | | | | | | | | | Ba, Bd: | | | | | | | | | | Bardwell------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | Be, Bf: | | | | | | | | | | Bardwell------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | Bn: | | | | | | | | | | Bondurant------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | | | | Bondurant------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Br: | | | | | | | | | | Bowdre------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Bw: | | | | | | | | | | Bowdre------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | CaA, CaB2: | | | | | | | | | | Calloway------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | | | | | | | | | | CeA, CfA: | | | | | | | | | | Center------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | | | | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | | | | Collins------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | | | | | | | | | | Ch, Ck: | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Cp, Cr: | | | | | | | | | | Convent------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Cs: | | | | | | | | | | Convent------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Ct, Cu: | | | | | | | | | | Convent------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | | | | | | | | | | Cv, Cw, Cx: | | | | | | | | | | Crevasse------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Fair |Poor |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 295

Table 11.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life ______| crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Do: | | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Dv: | | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | | | | Falaya------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | | | | Falaya------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Waverly------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | | | | | | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2, FnC2, | | | | | | | | | | FnC3, FnD3, FnE3: | | | | | | | | | | Feliciana------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | GrA, GrB, GrB2, GrB3, | | | | | | | | | | GrC2, GrC3: | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | | | | Gullied land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | | | | | Keyespoint------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | | | | | Keyespoint------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | KrA, KsA: | | | | | | | | | | Kurk------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | KuA: | | | | | | | | | | Kurk------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | LEVEE. | | | | | | | | | | Levee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB, LoB2, LoB3: | | | | | | | | | | Loring------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | LoC2, LoC3: | | | | | | | | | | Loring------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | | | | Loring------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | 296 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life ______| crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | M-W. | | | | | | | | | | Miscellaneous Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2: | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | MeC2, MeC3: | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | MeD3: | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | MeE3: | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | Natchez------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------|Very |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good | poor | | poor | poor | poor | | | poor | poor | | | | | | | | | | | Op: | | | | | | | | | | Openlake------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Os: | | | | | | | | | | Openlake------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | | | | Phillippy------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | | | | | | | | | | Pp: | | | | | | | | | | Phillippy------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor | | | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | | | | Pits. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ra. | | | | | | | | | | Riverwash | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rb, Rc: | | | | | | | | | | Robinsonville------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | | | | | Robinsonville------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | | | | | Robinsonville------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 297

Table 11.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life ______| crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | | | | Roellen------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good | | | | | | | | | | RsA, RtA, RuA: | | | | | | | | | | Routon------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | | | | Sharkey------|Very |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good | poor | | poor | poor | poor | | | poor | poor | | | | | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | | | | | Sharkey------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good | | | | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | | | | Sharkey------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair | | | | | | | | | | Tc: | | | | | | | | | | Tunica------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | | | | | | | | | | Tu: | | | | | | | | | | Tunica------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | | | | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Wa, Wm, Wr: | | | | | | | | | | Ware------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | Ws: | | | | | | | | | | Ware------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor | | | poor ______| | | | | | | | | | 298 Soil Survey

Table 12a.--Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.)

______|Pct.| Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial Map symbol | of |______basements | basements | buildings and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | | | Adler------| 85 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Not limited | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | | | Adler------| 95 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |1.00 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | | | | | Depth to |0.35 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.35 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Be, Bf: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.35 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Bn: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | Depth to |0.88 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | Depth to |0.88 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Br: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Bw: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 299

Table 12a.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial Map symbol | of |______basements | basements | buildings and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CaA, CaB2: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to thick |0.46 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to thick |0.46 | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | | | | | | | CeA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | CfA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | Collins------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.82 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | Depth to |0.39 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | Depth to |0.39 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | Depth to |0.39 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | Depth to |0.39 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | Depth to |0.39 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | 300 Soil Survey

Table 12a.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial Map symbol | of |______basements | basements | buildings and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cr, Cs: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Ct, Cu: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | | | | | Cv, Cw, Cx: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.24 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Do, Dv: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.39 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 50 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Waverly------| 45 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 301

Table 12a.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial Map symbol | of |______basements | basements | buildings and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FnC2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | FnD3, FnE3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | GrA: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to thick |0.46 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to thick |0.46 | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to thick |0.46 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to thick |0.46 | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to thick |0.80 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to thick |0.80 | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | | cemented pan | | saturated zone | | cemented pan | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | cemented pan | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Slope |0.12 | | | | | | | GrC2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | Depth to thick |0.46 | Depth to thick |1.00 | saturated zone | | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | Depth to thick |0.46 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | cemented pan | | | | | | | | GrC3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | cemented pan | | saturated zone | | Depth to thick |1.00 | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to thick |1.00 | cemented pan | | | saturated zone | | cemented pan | | Depth to |0.88 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | Gullied land------| 60 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 35 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | 302 Soil Survey

Table 12a.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial Map symbol | of |______basements | basements | buildings and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | Depth to |0.88 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | Depth to |0.88 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | KrA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | KsA, KuA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | LEVEE: | | | | | | | Levee------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to thick |0.46 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to thick |0.46 | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | LoB2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to thick |0.84 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to thick |0.84 | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to thick |0.99 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to thick |0.99 | | cemented pan | | saturated zone | | cemented pan | | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | cemented pan | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Slope |0.12 | | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to thick |0.99 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | Depth to thick |0.99 | | Slope |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 | cemented pan | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 303

Table 12a.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial Map symbol | of |______basements | basements | buildings and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to thick |0.99 | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | cemented pan | | saturated zone | | Depth to thick |0.99 | | Depth to |0.88 | Depth to thick |1.00 | cemented pan | | | saturated zone | | cemented pan | | Depth to |0.88 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | Depth to |0.88 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | Slope |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | Depth to thin |0.99 | | | | | | cemented pan | | | | | | | | | | M-W: | | | | | | | Miscellaneous | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited | | | | | | | | MeC2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | MeC3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | MeD3, MeE3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 55 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | Natchez------| 35 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | | | | | Op: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | Depth to |0.88 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Os: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | Depth to |0.88 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | | | | 304 Soil Survey

Table 12a.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial Map symbol | of |______basements | basements | buildings and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Not limited | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Pp: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |1.00 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | Pits------| 75 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 15 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Ra: | | | | | | | Riverwash------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Rb: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | | | | | Depth to |0.15 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Rc: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.15 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.15 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.15 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | Roellen------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | | | | | RsA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | RtA, RuA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 305

Table 12a.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial Map symbol | of |______basements | basements | buildings and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | | | | | Tc: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | | | | | Tu: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 55 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Urban land------| 35 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | Urban land------| 65 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Wa: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | | | | | Depth to |0.61 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Wm: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.61 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Wr: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | | | | | Depth to |0.61 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | 306 Soil Survey

Table 12a.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial Map symbol | of |______basements | basements | buildings and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ws: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.61 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | ______| | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 307

Table 12b.--Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.)

______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | | | Adler------| 85 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Not limited | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | | | Adler------| 95 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | | | Low strength |0.78 | Depth to |0.35 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | Low strength |0.78 | Depth to |0.35 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Be: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |0.78 | Depth to |0.35 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Bf: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.35 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Bn: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.56 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.56 | Too clayey |0.32 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.56 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.56 | Too clayey |0.32 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | 308 Soil Survey

Table 12b.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Br: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75 | | Depth to |0.75 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.28 | | | | | | | | | Bw: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Too clayey |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | | Depth to |0.75 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.28 | | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to |0.94 | | Depth to |0.94 | cemented pan | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.46 | | Depth to thick |0.46 | saturated zone | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | CaB2: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to |0.94 | | Depth to |0.94 | cemented pan | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.84 | | Depth to thick |0.84 | saturated zone | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | CeA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.19 | | Depth to |0.19 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | CfA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19 | | Depth to |0.19 | Flooding |0.60 | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | Collins------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.82 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.19 | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.19 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 309

Table 12b.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19 | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Flooding |0.60 | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.19 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19 | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.19 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19 | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Flooding |0.60 | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.19 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19 | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.19 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Depth to |0.68 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.68 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.68 | | Depth to |0.68 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Cs: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.68 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.68 | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.68 | | Depth to |0.68 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | 310 Soil Survey

Table 12b.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.75 | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | | | | | | | | | Cu: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Depth to |0.68 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.68 | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75 | | Depth to |0.75 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | | | | | | | | | Cv: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Droughty |1.00 | | | | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | Depth to |0.24 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Cw: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Flooding |0.80 | Droughty |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.24 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Cx: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Flooding |0.80 | Droughty |0.86 | | | | Depth to |0.24 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.75 | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75 | | Depth to |0.75 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Do: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19 | | Depth to |0.19 | Flooding |0.60 | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 311

Table 12b.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dv: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19 | | Depth to |0.19 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | | Depth to |0.75 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 50 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | | Depth to |0.75 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Waverly------| 45 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.50 | | | | | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | FnC2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Slope |0.04 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Slope |0.04 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | FnD3, FnE3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | GrA: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.46 | | Depth to thick |0.46 | cemented pan | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.19 | | Depth to |0.19 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.46 | | Depth to thick |0.46 | cemented pan | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.19 | | Depth to |0.19 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | 312 Soil Survey

Table 12b.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.79 | | Depth to thick |0.80 | cemented pan | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.19 | | Depth to |0.19 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to cemented|1.00 | | Depth to thick |1.00 | cemented pan | | pan | | cemented pan | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.56 | | Depth to |0.56 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | GrC2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.79 | | Depth to thick |0.80 | cemented pan | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.19 | | Depth to |0.19 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Slope |0.04 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | GrC3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to cemented|1.00 | | Depth to thick |1.00 | cemented pan | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.56 | | Depth to |0.56 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Slope |0.04 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | Gullied land------| 60 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 35 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.75 | Too clayey |0.12 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.75 | Too clayey |0.12 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | KrA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | | Depth to |0.88 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 313

Table 12b.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KsA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.88 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.88 | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | KuA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.88 | | Depth to |0.88 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | LEVEE: | | | | | | | Levee------|100 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to |0.48 | | Depth to |0.48 | cemented pan | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.35 | | Depth to thick |0.35 | saturated zone | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | LoB2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.84 | | Depth to thick |0.84 | cemented pan | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.48 | | Depth to |0.48 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.99 | | Depth to thick |0.99 | cemented pan | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.56 | | Depth to |0.56 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.84 | | Depth to thick |0.84 | cemented pan | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.48 | | Depth to |0.48 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Slope |0.04 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to thick |1.00 | Depth to cemented|0.99 | | Depth to thick |0.99 | cemented pan | | pan | | | cemented pan | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.56 | | Depth to |0.56 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Slope |0.04 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | 314 Soil Survey

Table 12b.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | Slope |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | | Depth to |0.56 | Slope |1.00 | pan | | | saturated zone | | Depth to thin |1.00 | Depth to |0.56 | | | | cemented pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | M-W: | | | | | | | Miscellaneous | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | MeC2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Slope |0.04 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | MeC3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Slope |0.04 | | Slope |0.04 | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | MeD3, MeE3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 55 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Natchez------| 35 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | | | | | | | | | Op: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.56 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.56 | Too clayey |0.72 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Os: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.56 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | Depth to |0.56 | Too clayey |0.72 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 315

Table 12b.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Not limited | | | | | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Pp: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Depth to |1.00 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.80 | | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | Pits------| 75 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 15 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Ra: | | | | | | | Riverwash------|100 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Rb: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Not limited | | | | | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | | | | | | Depth to |0.15 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Rc: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | Depth to |0.15 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Flooding |0.80 | | | | | | Depth to |0.15 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Slope |0.63 | | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | Depth to |0.15 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | Roellen------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | Too clayey |0.88 | Too clayey |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | RsA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | 316 Soil Survey

Table 12b.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RtA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60 | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | RuA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Flooding |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | saturated zone | | | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | Too clayey |1.00 | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.50 | | | | | | | | | Tc: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.12 | Too clayey |1.00 | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Tu: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone | | | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.12 | Too clayey |1.00 | | saturated zone |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 55 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Urban land------| 35 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | Urban land------| 65 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 20 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 317

Table 12b.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct.| Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping Map symbol | of |______streets | | and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not Rated | |Not Rated | |Not Rated | | | | | | | | Wa: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | | | | | Depth to |0.61 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Wm: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.61 | Flooding |0.60 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Flooding |0.60 | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Wr: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | | | | | Depth to |0.61 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | | | Ws: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Flooding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | | | | Flooding |0.80 | | | | | | Depth to |0.61 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | ______| | | | | | | 318 Soil Survey The numbers in the value ings in this table.) ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone | | | | | |Not limited | | | | | | | |Not limited | | | | | | | | |Not limited | | | | | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate need for onsite investigation. columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, greater limitation. See text for further explanation of rat ______|Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | Ac: | Adler------| 85 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | Ad: | Adler------| 95 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | Ba: | Bardwell------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Depth to |0.84 Seepage |0.53 |1.00 | saturated zone Depth to |0.17 | Restricted |0.46 saturated zone | permeability | Bd: | Bardwell------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.84 Seepage |0.53 |1.00 | saturated zone Depth to |0.17 | Restricted |0.46 saturated zone | permeability | Be, Bf: | Bardwell------| 80 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.84 Seepage |0.53 |1.00 | saturated zone Depth to |0.17 | Restricted |0.46 saturated zone | permeability | Fulton County, Kentucky 319 ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Too clayey |1.00 | Hard to compact 1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Too clayey |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Seepage |0.50 | Too sandy |0.50 | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Seepage |0.50 | Too sandy |0.50 | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | Bn: | Bondurant------| 80 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.50 Depth to |0.96 | permeability Depth to |0.04 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone Too clayey | saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | Filtering |1.00 | capacity | Bo: | Bondurant------| 80 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.50 Depth to |0.96 | permeability Depth to |0.04 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone Too clayey | saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | Filtering |1.00 | capacity | Br: | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Seepage Depth to | permeability Depth to |0.01 saturated zone |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone Too sandy | saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | Bw: | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Seepage Depth to | permeability Depth to |0.01 saturated zone |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone Too sandy | saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | CaA: | Calloway------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 thick | saturated zone cemented pan | Restricted |0.46 | permeability | ______320 Soil Survey ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.86 | saturated zone | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.86 | saturated zone | | | | | |Not limited | | | | | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.86 | saturated zone | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.86 | saturated zone | | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | CaB2: | Calloway------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Slope |0.32 thick | saturated zone cemented pan | Restricted |0.46 | permeability | CeA: | Center------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | CfA: | Center------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | Cg: | Collins------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | Ch: | Commerce------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.28 | permeability | Ck: | Commerce------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.28 | permeability | ______Fulton County, Kentucky 321 ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.86 | saturated zone | | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.86 | saturated zone | | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.86 | saturated zone | | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | Cm: | Commerce------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.28 | permeability | Cn: | Commerce------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.28 | permeability | Co: | Commerce------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.28 | permeability | Cp: | Convent------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.50 Seepage | permeability | Cr, Cs: | Convent------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.50 Seepage | permeability | Ct, Cu: | Convent------| 55 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.50 Seepage | permeability | ______322 Soil Survey ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Hard to compact |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |Very limited | | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Depth to |0.86 | saturated zone | | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | Ct, Cu: | Mhoon------| 40 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Depth to | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |0.50 | saturated zone | Cv, Cw, Cx: | Crevasse------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Filtering |1.00 Seepage Depth to | capacity Depth to |0.02 saturated zone | Depth to |0.65 saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone Too sandy |1.00 | De: | Dekoven------| 80 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | Dk: | Dekoven------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | Do, Dv: | Dekoven------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | ______Fulton County, Kentucky 323 ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | |Not limited | | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Slope |0.04 | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Slope |0.04 | | | | |Very limited | | Slope |1.00 | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | Fa: | Falaya------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.78 Seepage |0.21 | permeability | Fc: | Falaya------| 50 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.78 Seepage |0.21 | permeability | Waverly------| 45 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | FnA, FnB, FnB2: | Feliciana------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Not | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | FnC2: | Feliciana------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Restricted |0.46 Slope |1.00 |0.04 | permeability Seepage |0.53 | Slope |0.04 | FnC3: | Feliciana------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Restricted |0.46 Slope |1.00 |0.04 | permeability Seepage |0.53 | Slope |0.04 | FnD3, FnE3: | Feliciana------| 90 |Very limited | | Slope |1.00 | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | ______324 Soil Survey ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | Slope |0.04 | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | GrA: | Grenada------| 85 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Seepage |0.53 thick |0.96 | saturated zone Depth to |0.04 cemented pan | Restricted |0.46 saturated zone | permeability | GrB: | Grenada------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Seepage |0.53 thick |0.96 | saturated zone Slope |0.32 cemented pan | Restricted |0.46 Depth to |0.04 | permeability saturated zone | GrB2: | Grenada------| 85 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Seepage |0.53 thick |0.96 | saturated zone Slope |0.32 cemented pan | Restricted |0.46 Depth to |0.04 | permeability saturated zone | GrB3: | Grenada------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Slope |0.68 thick |0.96 | saturated zone Seepage |0.53 cemented pan | Depth to |0.04 | saturated zone | GrC2: | Grenada------| 85 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Slope thick |0.96 | saturated zone Seepage |0.53 cemented pan | Restricted |0.46 Depth to |0.04 Slope | permeability saturated zone | Slope |0.04 | ______Fulton County, Kentucky 325 ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | Slope |0.04 | | | |Not rated | | |Very limited | | Slope |1.00 | | | | |Very limited | | Too clayey |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | |Very limited | | Too clayey |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Too clayey |0.50 | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | GrC3: | Grenada------| 85 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Slope thick |0.96 | saturated zone Seepage |0.53 cemented pan | Slope |0.04 Depth to | saturated zone | GuF: | Gullied land------| 60 |Not rated | | Memphis------| 35 |Very limited | | Slope |1.00 | Restricted |0.50 Seepage | permeability | Ke: | Keyespoint------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.50 Depth to |0.96 | permeability Depth to |0.04 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone | saturated zone | Kf: | Keyespoint------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.50 Depth to |0.96 | permeability Depth to |0.04 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone | saturated zone | KrA: | Kurk------| 80 |Very limited | |Not | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | KsA, KuA: | Kurk------| 80 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | ______326 Soil Survey ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Not rated | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone | Slope |0.04 | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | LEVEE: | Levee------|100 |Not rated | | LoA: | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 thick |1.00 | pan cemented | Depth to |1.00 |0.81 |0.86 |0.19 | saturated zone | Seepage |0.53 | LoB: | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 thick |1.00 | pan cemented | Depth to |1.00 |0.81 |0.86 |0.19 | saturated zone | Seepage |0.53 | Slope |0.32 | LoB2: | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 thick |1.00 | pan cemented | Depth to |1.00 |0.81 |0.86 |0.19 | saturated zone | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability Slope |0.32 | LoB3: | Loring------| 85 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Slope |0.68 thick |0.96 | saturated zone Seepage |0.53 cemented pan | Depth to |0.04 | saturated zone | LoC2: | Loring------| 85 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 thick |1.00 | pan cemented | Depth to |1.00 Slope |0.86 |0.19 | saturated zone Depth to |0.81 | Slope |0.04 saturated zone | Seepage |0.53 | ______Fulton County, Kentucky 327 ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | Slope |0.04 | | | |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | pan | Slope |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | | |Not rated | | | |Not limited | | | | | |Not limited | | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Slope |0.04 | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Slope |0.04 | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | LoC3: | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Slope thick |0.96 | saturated zone Seepage |0.53 cemented pan | Slope |0.04 Depth to | saturated zone | LoD3: | Loring------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to cemented|1.00 |1.00 | pan saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Slope | saturated zone Seepage |0.53 Depth to thin |0.50 |0.96 | Slope |1.00 Depth to |0.04 cemented pan saturated zone | saturated zone | M-W: | Miscellaneous | Water------|100 |Not rated | | MeA: | Memphis------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Not | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | MeB, MeB2: | Memphis------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Not | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability Slope |0.32 | MeC2: | Memphis------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Restricted |0.46 Slope |1.00 |0.04 | permeability Seepage |0.53 | Slope |0.04 | MeC3: | Memphis------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Restricted |0.46 Slope |1.00 |0.04 | permeability Seepage |0.53 | Slope |0.04 | ______328 Soil Survey ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Slope |1.00 | | | | |Very limited | | Slope |1.00 | | | |Very limited | | Slope |1.00 | | | | |Very limited | | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Hard to compact |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50 | | |Very limited | | Too clayey |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | |Very limited | | Too clayey |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | | |Somewhat limited | | Seepage |0.50 | Too sandy |0.50 | Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | MeD3, MeE3: | Memphis------| 90 |Very limited | | Slope |1.00 | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | MmF: | Memphis------| 55 |Very limited | | Slope |1.00 | Restricted |0.46 Seepage |0.53 | permeability | Natchez------| 35 |Very limited | | Slope |1.00 | Restricted |0.50 Seepage | permeability | Mo: | Mhoon------| 90 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Ponding Depth to | permeability Depth to |1.00 saturated zone | Ponding |1.00 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |0.50 | saturated zone | Op: | Openlake------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Depth to |0.04 |0.96 | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |0.50 | saturated zone | Os: | Openlake------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Depth to |0.04 |0.96 | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |0.50 | saturated zone | Ph: | Phillippy------| 85 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Seepage Depth to | permeability Depth to |1.00 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone Too sandy Seepage | saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | ______Fulton County, Kentucky 329 ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Somewhat limited | | Seepage |0.50 | Too sandy |0.50 | Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone | | | |Not rated | | |Not rated | | | |Not rated | | | |Somewhat limited | | Seepage |0.22 | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Seepage |0.22 | | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Seepage |0.22 | | | | | |Somewhat limited | | Slope |0.63 | Seepage |0.22 | | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | Pp: | Phillippy------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Seepage Depth to | permeability Depth to |1.00 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone Too sandy Seepage | saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | PtD: | Pits------| 75 |Not rated | | Udorthents------| 15 |Not rated | | Ra: | Riverwash------|100 |Not rated | | Rb: | Robinsonville-----| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Depth to |0.40 Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone | Seepage |1.00 | Rc: | Robinsonville-----| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.40 Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone | Seepage |1.00 | Rf: | Robinsonville-----| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.40 Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone | Seepage |1.00 | RmD: | Robinsonville-----| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Slope |0.63 |1.00 Depth to | Depth to |0.40 Seepage |1.00 saturated zone | saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | Slope |0.63 | ______330 Soil Survey ______| Daily cover for | landfill e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Too clayey |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00 | | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | |Very limited | | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Too clayey |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00 | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Too clayey |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00 | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Too clayey |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00 | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | Ro: | Roellen------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.18 Depth to | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Too clayey | saturated zone | RsA: | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 Depth to | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | RtA, RuA: | Routon------| 80 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Depth to | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Sc: | Sharkey------| 90 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Ponding Depth to | permeability Depth to |1.00 saturated zone | Ponding |1.00 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Too clayey | saturated zone Too clayey |1.00 | Sh: | Sharkey------| 85 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 Depth to | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Too clayey | saturated zone | Sk: | Sharkey------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Depth to | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Too clayey | saturated zone | ______Fulton County, Kentucky 331 ______| Daily cover for | landfill ______e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | | | | |Not rated | | |Not rated | | | |Not rated | | |Not rated | | | |Not rated | | | |Very limited | | Seepage |1.00 | | | | | | Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued ______|Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | Tc: | Tunica------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.21 Depth to | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | Tu: | Tunica------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.21 Depth to | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | UdC: | Udorthents------| 55 |Not rated | | Urban land------| 35 |Not rated | | UrB: | Urban land------| 65 |Not rated | | Udorthents------| 20 |Not rated | | W: | Water------|100 |Not rated | | Wa: | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | | Filtering |1.00 Seepage Depth to | capacity saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 |0.71 Seepage | saturated zone | Restricted |0.46 | permeability | 332 Soil Survey ______| Daily cover for | landfill ______e| Rating class and |Value | limiting features ______| | | |Very limited | | Seepage |1.00 | | | | | | | | |Very limited | | Seepage |1.00 | | | | | |Very limited | | Seepage |1.00 | | | | | ______Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued |Pct.| Septic tank | Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |Valu |unit| limiting features | ______| | Wm: | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Filtering |1.00 Seepage Depth to | capacity saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 |0.71 Seepage | saturated zone | Restricted |0.46 | permeability | Wr: | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | | Filtering |1.00 Seepage Depth to | capacity Depth to |0.71 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone Seepage | saturated zone | Ws: | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | Filtering |1.00 Seepage Depth to | capacity saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 |0.71 Seepage | saturated zone | ______Fulton County, Kentucky 333 The ratings given for from 0.00 to 0.99. The ravel. See text for ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | air | Depth to |0.89 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.89 saturated zone | | | | ood | | | | | ood | | | | | ood | | | | | oor | Too clayey |0.00 Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | | | | oor | Too clayey |0.00 Depth to |0.14 saturated zone | | Table 14.--Construction Materials the thickest layer are for above and excluding bottom layer. The numbers in value columns range greater the value, likelihood that bottom layer or thickest of soil is a source sand g further explanation of ratings in this table.) ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | Ac: | Adler------| 85 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.89 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.90 | Ad: | Adler------| 95 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.89 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.90 | Ba: | Bardwell------| 80 |Poor | |Good |G | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Bd: | Bardwell------| 85 |Poor | |Good |G | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Be, Bf: | Bardwell------| 80 |Poor | |Good |G | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Bn, Bo: | Bondurant------| 80 |Poor | |Fair |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest Low content of Depth to |0.24 | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.08 organic matter saturated zone | Too clayey |0.00 Shrink-swell |0.45 | Water erosion |0.99 | Br, Bw: | Bowdre------| 85 |Poor | |Fair |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest Low content of Depth to |0.14 | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.52 organic matter saturated zone | Too clayey |0.00 Shrink-swell |0.99 | Water erosion |0.99 (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate need for onsite investigation. 334 Soil Survey ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | air | Depth to |0.04 saturated zone | Depth to cemented|0.54 pan | | | air | Depth to |0.53 saturated zone | | | | | air | Too acid |0.88 | | | | | air | Depth to |0.53 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.53 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.53 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.53 saturated zone | | | Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | CaA, CaB2: | Calloway------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.46 Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 Depth to cemented|0.54 pan | pan Depth to |0.04 | Water erosion |0.68 saturated zone | CeA, CfA: | Center------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.53 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.74 | Cg: | Collins------| 85 |Poor | |Good |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Too acid |0.32 | Water erosion |0.90 | Ch: | Commerce------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.53 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.90 Shrink-swell |0.99 | Ck: | Commerce------| 85 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.53 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.90 Shrink-swell |0.99 | Cm: | Commerce------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.53 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.90 Shrink-swell |0.99 | Cn: | Commerce------| 85 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.53 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.99 Shrink-swell |0.98 | Fulton County, Kentucky 335 ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | air | Depth to |0.53 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | | | air | Depth to |0.14 saturated zone | | | | oor | Too sandy |0.00 | | | | | oor | Too sandy |0.00 | | | | Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | Co: | Commerce------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.53 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.99 Shrink-swell | Cp, Cr: | Convent------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of |0.88 Depth to |0.24 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.90 | Cs: | Convent------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of |0.88 Depth to |0.24 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.90 | Ct, Cu: | Convent------| 55 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of |0.88 Depth to |0.24 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.90 | Mhoon------| 40 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.14 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.90 Shrink-swell |0.87 | Cv, Cw: | Crevasse------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest |0.57 Too sandy | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.99 Low content of | organic matter | Droughty |0.06 | Cx: | Crevasse------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest Too sandy | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.99 Low content of | organic matter | Droughty |0.32 | 336 Soil Survey ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | air | Depth to |0.14 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.14 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.53 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.14 saturated zone | Too acid |0.88 | | air | Depth to |0.14 saturated zone | Too acid |0.88 | oor | Depth to |0.00 saturated zone | Too acid |0.88 | | | ood | | | | | | Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | De: | Dekoven------| 80 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.14 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.99 | Dk: | Dekoven------| 85 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.14 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.99 | Do, Dv: | Dekoven------| 85 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.53 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.99 | Fa: | Falaya------| 85 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.32 Depth to |0.14 | Thickest layer |0.00 Water erosion |0.68 saturated zone | | Fc: | Falaya------| 50 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.32 Depth to |0.14 | Thickest layer |0.00 Water erosion |0.68 saturated zone | | Waverly------| 45 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Too acid |0.32 | Water erosion |0.90 | FnA, FnB, FnB2: | Feliciana------| 95 |Poor | |Good |G | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.84 | Fulton County, Kentucky 337 ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | air | Slope |0.96 | | | | | air | Slope |0.96 | | | | | oor | Slope |0.00 | | | | | oor | Slope |0.00 | | | | | air | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | Depth to cemented|0.54 pan | | | | | air | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | Depth to cemented|0.54 pan | | | | Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | FnC2: | Feliciana------| 95 |Poor | |Good |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.84 | FnC3: | Feliciana------| 90 |Poor | |Good |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.84 | FnD3: | Feliciana------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Slope |0.98 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.84 | FnE3: | Feliciana------| 90 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Slope | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.84 | GrA: | Grenada------| 85 |Poor | |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.54 |0.24 | pan saturated zone | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | GrB: | Grenada------| 90 |Poor | |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.54 |0.24 | pan saturated zone | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | 338 Soil Survey ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | air | Depth to cemented|0.21 pan | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | | | | | | oor | Depth to cemented|0.00 pan | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | | | | | | air | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | Depth to cemented|0.54 pan | Slope |0.96 | | | oor | Depth to cemented|0.00 pan | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | Slope |0.96 | | | | ot rated | | oor | Slope |0.00 | | | | Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | GrB2: | Grenada------| 85 |Poor | |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.21 |0.24 | pan saturated zone | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | Droughty |0.99 | GrB3: | Grenada------| 90 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.00 |0.24 | pan saturated zone | Droughty |0.49 | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | GrC2: | Grenada------| 85 |Poor | |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.54 |0.24 | pan saturated zone | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | GrC3: | Grenada------| 85 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.00 |0.24 | pan saturated zone | Droughty |0.49 | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | GuF: | Gullied land---| 60 |Not rated | |N | Memphis------| 35 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Slope | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | Fulton County, Kentucky 339 ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | oor | Too clayey |0.00 Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | | | | oor | Too clayey |0.00 Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.07 saturated zone | | | | | ot rated | | | air | Depth to cemented|0.54 pan | Depth to |0.89 saturated zone | | | | | air | Depth to cemented|0.16 pan | Depth to |0.89 saturated zone | | | | | Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | Ke: | Keyespoint-----| 85 |Poor | |Fair |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest Low content of Depth to |0.24 | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.06 organic matter saturated zone | Too clayey |0.00 Shrink-swell |0.84 | Water erosion |0.99 | Kf: | Keyespoint-----| 90 |Poor | |Fair |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest Low content of Depth to |0.24 | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.06 organic matter saturated zone | Too clayey |0.00 Shrink-swell |0.84 | Water erosion |0.99 | KrA, KsA, KuA: | Kurk------| 80 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.07 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.84 | LEVEE: | Levee------|100 |Not rated | |N | LoA, LoB: | Loring------| 90 |Poor | |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Too acid |0.39 Depth to |0.89 | Depth to cemented|0.54 saturated zone | pan | Water erosion |0.68 | LoB2: | Loring------| 90 |Poor | |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.16 |0.89 | pan saturated zone | Too acid |0.39 | Water erosion |0.68 | Droughty |0.93 | 340 Soil Survey ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | air | Depth to cemented|0.01 pan | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | Too acid |0.98 | | | | air | Depth to cemented|0.01 pan | Depth to |0.89 saturated zone | Slope |0.96 | | | | air | Depth to cemented|0.01 pan | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | Slope |0.96 Too acid |0.98 | | | oor | Slope |0.00 Depth to cemented|0.01 pan | Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | Too acid |0.98 | | | | ot rated | | Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | LoB3: | Loring------| 85 |Poor | |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.01 |0.24 | pan saturated zone | Droughty |0.49 | Too acid |0.54 | Water erosion |0.68 | LoC2: | Loring------| 85 |Poor | |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.01 |0.89 | pan saturated zone | Too acid |0.39 | Droughty |0.50 | Water erosion |0.68 | LoC3: | Loring------| 90 |Poor | |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.01 |0.24 | pan saturated zone | Droughty |0.49 | Too acid |0.54 | Water erosion |0.68 | LoD3: | Loring------| 90 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to cemented|0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter pan | Depth to cemented|0.01 |0.24 | pan saturated zone | Droughty |0.44 Slope |0.98 | Too acid |0.54 | Water erosion |0.68 | M-W: | Miscellaneous | Water------|100 |Not rated | |N | Fulton County, Kentucky 341 ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | ood | | | | | | | air | Slope |0.96 | | | | | air | Slope |0.96 | | | | | oor | Slope |0.00 | | | | | oor | Slope |0.00 | | | | | oor | Slope |0.00 | | | | oor | Slope |0.00 | | | | Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | MeA, MeB, MeB2: | Memphis------| 95 |Poor | |Good |G | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | MeC2: | Memphis------| 95 |Poor | |Good |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | MeC3: | Memphis------| 90 |Poor | |Good |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | MeD3: | Memphis------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Slope |0.98 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | MeE3: | Memphis------| 90 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Slope | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | MmF: | Memphis------| 55 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Slope | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.68 | Natchez------| 35 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Slope | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | Too acid |0.92 | 342 Soil Survey ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | oor | Depth to |0.00 saturated zone | | | | oor | Too clayey |0.00 Depth to |0.24 saturated zone | | | | air | Depth to |0.89 saturated zone | | | | | ot rated | | ot rated | | | ot rated | | | ood | | | | | ood | | | | | | air | Slope |0.37 | | | Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | Mo: | Mhoon------| 90 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.90 Shrink-swell |0.87 | Op, Os: | Openlake------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Shrink-swell |0.12 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to |0.24 | organic matter saturated zone | Water erosion |0.99 | Ph, Pp: | Phillippy------| 85 |Poor | |Fair |F | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest Low content of Depth to |0.89 | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.39 organic matter saturated zone | Too acid |0.84 | Water erosion |0.99 | PtD: | Pits------| 75 |Not rated | |N | Udorthents-----| 15 |Not rated | |N | Ra: | Riverwash------|100 |Not rated | |N | Rb, Rc: | Robinsonville--| 85 |Poor | |Fair |Good |G | Bottom layer |0.00 |0.01 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.06 organic matter | Rf: | Robinsonville--| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good |G | Bottom layer |0.00 |0.01 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.06 organic matter | | RmD: | Robinsonville--| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good |F | Bottom layer |0.00 |0.01 Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.06 organic matter | | Fulton County, Kentucky 343 ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | oor | Too clayey |0.00 Depth to |0.00 saturated zone | | | oor | Depth to |0.00 saturated zone | Too acid |0.88 | | | oor | Too clayey |0.00 Depth to |0.00 saturated zone | | | oor | Too clayey |0.00 Depth to |0.00 saturated zone | | | oor | Too clayey |0.00 Depth to |0.00 saturated zone | | | oor | Depth to |0.00 saturated zone | Too clayey |0.00 | | ot rated | | ot rated | | | ot rated | | ot rated | | Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | Ro: | Roellen------| 85 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to | Thickest layer |0.00 saturated zone | Shrink-swell |0.12 | RsA, RtA, RuA: | Routon------| 80 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Too acid |0.32 | Water erosion |0.68 | Sc: | Sharkey------| 90 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of saturated zone | organic matter Shrink-swell |0.00 | Sh: | Sharkey------| 85 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of saturated zone | organic matter |0.00 Shrink-swell | Sk: | Sharkey------| 90 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of saturated zone | organic matter Shrink-swell |0.00 | Tc, Tu: | Tunica------| 90 |Poor | |P | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of Depth to | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter saturated zone | Too clayey |0.00 Shrink-swell |0.90 | UdC: | Udorthents-----| 55 |Not rated | |N | Urban land-----| 35 |Not rated | |N | UrB: | Urban land-----| 65 |Not rated | |N | Udorthents-----| 20 |Not rated | |N | 344 Soil Survey ______Potential source of topsoil ______Rating class and |Value limiting features | ______| | | ot rated | | | ood | | | | | ood | | | | ______Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued ______|Pct.| Potential source of | Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| | limiting features ______| | W: | Water------|100 |Not rated | |N | Wa, Wm: | Ware------| 85 |Poor | |Fair |Good |G | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest |0.06 Low content of |0.24 | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.08 organic matter | Wr, Ws: | Ware------| 85 |Poor | |Fair |Good |G | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest Low content of | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.08 organic matter | ______Fulton County, Kentucky 345

Table 15.--Water Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.)

______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | | | Adler------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.50 | | | | Depth to |0.86 | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | saturated zone | | Deep to water |0.06 | | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | | | Adler------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.50 | | | | Depth to |0.86 | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | saturated zone | | Deep to water |0.06 | | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |0.96 | | | | | | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |0.96 | | | | | | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | Be, Bf: | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |0.96 | | | | | | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | Bn, Bo: | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Hard to pack |0.30 | | | | | | Seepage |0.08 | | | | | | | | | Br, Bw: | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 85 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Seepage |0.52 | | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|0.86 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.86 | | | | | | | | | CaB2: | | | | | | | Calloway------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|0.86 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.96 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.86 | | | | | | | | | 346 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CeA, CfA: | | | | | | | Center------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.04 | Piping |1.00 | Slow refill |0.96 | | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | saturated zone | | Deep to water |0.01 | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | Collins------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |0.54 | | | | Depth to |0.09 | Cutbanks cave |0.50 | | | | saturated zone | | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.54 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.46 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.56 | Deep to water |0.01 | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.54 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.46 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.56 | Deep to water |0.01 | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.54 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.46 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.56 | Deep to water |0.01 | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.54 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.46 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.70 | Deep to water |0.01 | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | Commerce------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.54 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.46 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.73 | Deep to water |0.01 | | | | | | | Cp, Cr, Cs: | | | | | | | Convent------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Ct, Cu: | | | | | | | Convent------| 55 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 40 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.01 | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 347

Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cv, Cw, Cx: | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | | | | | | Deep to water |0.99 | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.88 | | | | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.88 | | | | | | | | | Do, Dv: | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.88 | Deep to water |0.01 | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | Falaya------| 50 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Waverly------| 45 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.50 | | | | saturated zone | | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | | | | FnA, FnB: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.69 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | FnB2, FnC2: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.96 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.97 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | FnD3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.99 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | | | FnE3: | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.99 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Slope |0.28 | | | | | | | | | | | 348 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrA: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|0.86 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.94 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.86 | | | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|0.86 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.94 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.86 | | | | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|0.95 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.97 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.95 | | | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | | | Piping |0.97 | | | | | | | | | GrC2: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|0.86 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.93 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.86 | | | | | | | | | GrC3: | | | | | | | Grenada------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | | | Piping |0.97 | | | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | Gullied land------| 60 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 35 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |0.88 | Piping |0.96 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Seepage |0.70 | | | | | | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Seepage |0.06 | | | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Seepage |0.06 | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 349

Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KrA, KsA, KuA: | | | | | | | Kurk------| 80 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |0.82 | | | | | | | | | LEVEE: | | | | | | | Levee------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|0.86 | Thin layer |0.86 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | Depth to |0.86 | | | | Seepage |0.72 | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |0.50 | | | | | | | | | LoB2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|0.96 | Thin layer |0.96 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | Depth to |0.86 | | | | Seepage |0.72 | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |0.50 | | | | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | | | Piping |0.50 | | | | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | | Loring------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | Depth to |0.86 | | | | Seepage |0.72 | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |0.50 | | | | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | | | Piping |0.50 | | | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | Loring------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to cemented|1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | pan | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.72 | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | Slope |0.04 | Piping |0.49 | | | | | | | | | M-W: | | | | | | | Miscellaneous | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2: | | | | | | | MeC2: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 95 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.77 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | MeC3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.96 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | 350 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MeD3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.96 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Slope |0.04 | | | | | | | | | | | MeE3: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.96 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Slope |0.28 | | | | | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | Memphis------| 55 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.77 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Slope |0.72 | | | | | | | | | | | Natchez------| 35 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Slope |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Seepage |0.70 | | | | | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 90 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | Ponding |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28 | | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |0.01 | | | | | | | | | Op, Os: | | | | | | | Openlake------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.03 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Hard to pack |0.84 | | | | | | | | | Ph, Pp: | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |0.86 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | Deep to water |0.06 | | | | Seepage |0.39 | | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | Pits------| 75 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 15 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Ra: | | | | | | | Riverwash------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Rb, Rc: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.06 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.06 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.06 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Slope |0.01 | | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 351

Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | Roellen------| 85 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.43 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Hard to pack |0.76 | | | | | | | | | RsA, RtA, RuA: | | | | | | | Routon------| 80 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | | | Ponding |1.00 | Slow refill |1.00 | | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Hard to pack |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 85 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Hard to pack |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 90 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Hard to pack |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Tc, Tu: | | | | | | | Tunica------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.47 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 55 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Urban land------| 35 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | Urban land------| 65 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Udorthents------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | Water------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated | | | | | | | | Wa, Wm, Wr: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.08 | Deep to water |0.81 | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 Ws: | | | | | | | Ware------| 85 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.08 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | | | | | | Deep to water |0.81 ______| | | | | | | 352 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties

(Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

______Map symbol | | |______Classification | Percentage passing |Liquid|Plas- and soil name | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO |______sieve number-- | limit|ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | Ac, Ad: | | | | | | | | | | Adler------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100|15-28 |NP-7 | 9-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|60-95 |15-30 |NP-10 | | silt, very | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ba, Bd, Be: | | | | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-95 |25-40 | 4-15 | 8-53 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-95 |25-40 | 4-15 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 53-80 |Loam, silt |CL, ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-100|30-75 |15-30 |NP-10 | | loam, fine | SC | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bf: | | | | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 0-15 |Silty clay loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-95 |25-40 | 4-15 | 15-44 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-95 |25-40 | 4-15 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 44-80 |Loam, silt |SC, SM, ML, |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-100|40-80 |15-30 |NP-10 | | loam, fine | CL | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bn, Bo: | | | | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 0-3 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100|45-60 |25-35 | 3-48 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|55-80 |33-50 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | 48-72 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |85-100|40-80 |30-45 | 5-25 | | silty clay | ML, SM | | | | | | | | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 72-80 |Loamy fine |SM, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |85-98 |20-60 | 0-20 |NP-3 | | sand, loam, | ML, CL | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Br: | | | | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 0-20 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-95 |51-65 |28-40 | 20-24 |Silty clay |CH |A-7, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-95 |51-65 |28-40 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | clay | | | | | | | | | 24-30 |Fine sandy |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-60 |15-25 |NP-7 | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | | | | silt loam | | | | | | | | | 30-80 |Loamy fine |SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |75-80 |15-35 |15-25 |NP-5 | | sand, sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam, fine | | | | | | | | | | sand | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 353

Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______Map symbol | | |______Classification | Percentage passing |Liquid|Plas- and soil name | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO |______sieve number-- | limit|ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | Bw: | | | | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 0-20 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-95 |51-65 |28-40 | 20-24 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-95 |51-65 |28-40 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | clay | | | | | | | | | 24-30 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-60 |15-25 |NP-7 | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | | | | silt loam | | | | | | | | | 30-80 |Loamy fine |SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |75-80 |15-35 |15-25 |NP-5 | | sand, sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam, fine | | | | | | | | | | sand | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | | | | Calloway------| 0-30 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|25-35 | 5-15 | 30-60 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-95 |30-40 |12-20 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 60-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|25-35 | 5-15 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CaB2: | | | | | | | | | | Calloway------| 0-25 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|25-35 | 5-15 | 25-60 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-95 |30-40 |12-20 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 60-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|25-35 | 5-15 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CeA, CfA: | | | | | | | | | | Center------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-100| 0-30 | 3-11 | 10-48 |Silt loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|28-40 | 8-16 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 48-80 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-100| 0-30 | 3-11 | | | | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | | | | Collins------| 0-12 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-100|70-90 | 0-30 |NP-8 | 12-80 |Silt loam, silt|CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100| 0-35 |NP-10 | | | | | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| 0-11 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |75-100|15-30 |NP-10 | 11-43 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 | 100 |90-100|70-100|32-45 |11-23 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | 43-80 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |90-100|50-95 |23-45 | 3-23 | | stratified | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | | very fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | | | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 354 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______Map symbol | | |______Classification | Percentage passing |Liquid|Plas- and soil name | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO |______sieve number-- | limit|ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| 0-11 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |75-100|15-30 |NP-10 | 11-43 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-4 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-100|32-45 |11-23 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | 43-80 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |90-100|50-95 |23-45 | 3-23 | | stratified | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | | very fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | | | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |75-100|15-30 |NP-10 | 11-43 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 | 100 |90-100|70-100|32-45 |11-23 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | 43-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |90-100|50-95 |23-45 | 3-23 | | stratified | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | | very fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | | | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| 0-11 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|32-50 |11-25 | 11-43 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|70-100|32-45 |11-23 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | 43-80 |Stratified very|CL-ML, ML, CL|A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |90-100|40-80 |23-45 | 3-23 | | fine sandy | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | | loam to silt | | | | | | | | | | loam to silty | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| 0-14 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|32-50 |11-25 | 14-40 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 | 100 |95-100|70-100|32-45 |11-23 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | 40-80 |Stratified very|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|40-80 |23-45 | 3-23 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam to silt | | | | | | | | | | loam to silty | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cp, Cr, Cs: | | | | | | | | | | Convent------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100|15-27 |NP-7 | 10-80 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|45-98 |15-27 |NP-7 | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | | | | | Convent------| 0-10 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100|15-27 |NP-7 | 10-80 |Silt loam, very|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|45-98 |15-27 |NP-7 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 355

Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______Map symbol | | |______Classification | Percentage passing |Liquid|Plas- and soil name | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO |______sieve number-- | limit|ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100|22-30 | 3-10 | 9-80 |Silty clay |CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6| 100 | 100 | 100 |90-98 |30-55 |11-28 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cu: | | | | | | | | | | Convent------| 0-10 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100|15-27 |NP-7 | 10-80 |Silt loam, very|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|45-98 |15-27 |NP-7 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100|22-30 | 3-10 | 9-80 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 | 100 | 100 |90-98 |30-55 |11-28 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cv, Cw: | | | | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2 | 100 |95-100|60-95 |15-30 | --- | NP | 7-80 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-3, A-2 | 100 |95-100|50-90 | 5-20 | --- | NP | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | | | | fine sand, | | | | | | | | | | fine sand | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cx: | | | | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 0-4 |Silt loam |SM |A-4 | 100 | 100 |75-100|65-80 | 0-20 |NP-7 | 4-7 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 |92-98 |20-65 |20-30 | 2-10 | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | | | | fine sand | | | | | | | | | 7-80 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM |A-3, A-2 | 100 | 100 |50-100| 5-20 | --- | NP | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | | | | fine sand, | | | | | | | | | | fine sand | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 0-20 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-100|25-40 | 5-20 | 20-80 |Silt loam, |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-98 |25-45 | 5-20 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 0-20 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-100|25-40 | 5-20 | 20-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-100|25-45 | 5-20 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Do, Dv: | | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 0-34 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-100|25-40 | 5-20 | 34-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-98 |25-45 | 5-20 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | | | | Falaya------| 0-52 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100| 0-30 |NP-10 | 52-80 |Silt loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100|25-43 | 7-16 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | | | | Falaya------| 0-52 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100| 0-30 |NP-10 | 52-80 |Silt loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100|25-43 | 7-16 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 356 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______Map symbol | | |______Classification | Percentage passing |Liquid|Plas- and soil name | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO |______sieve number-- | limit|ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | | | | Waverly------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-98 | 0-25 |NP-9 | 10-80 |Silt, silt loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100|20-30 | 3-10 | | | | | | | | | | FnA, FnB: | | | | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 0-8 |Silt loam |ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100| 0-30 |NP-10 | 8-35 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-48 |15-25 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 35-80 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|30-40 | 6-15 | | | | | | | | | | FnB2, FnC2: | | | | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 0-5 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100| 0-30 |NP-10 | 5-17 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-48 |15-25 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 17-80 |Silt loam |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|30-40 | 6-15 | | | | | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100| 0-30 |NP-10 | 6-15 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-48 |15-25 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 15-80 |Silt loam |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|30-40 | 6-15 | | | | | | | | | | FnD3, FnE3: | | | | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 0-4 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100| 0-30 |NP-10 | 4-12 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-48 |15-25 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 12-80 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|30-40 | 6-15 | | | | | | | | | | GrA, GrB: | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-31 | 4-7 | 7-24 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|27-40 | 8-19 | 24-30 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|20-30 | 5-10 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 30-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-45 | 5-24 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| 0-5 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-31 | 4-7 | 5-20 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|27-40 | 8-19 | 20-26 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|20-30 | 5-10 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 26-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-45 | 5-24 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-31 | 4-7 | 4-16 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|27-40 | 8-19 | 16-20 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|20-30 | 5-10 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 20-80 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-45 | 5-24 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 357

Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______Map symbol | | |______Classification | Percentage passing |Liquid|Plas- and soil name | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO |______sieve number-- | limit|ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | GrC2: | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| 0-5 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-31 | 4-7 | 5-20 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|27-40 | 8-19 | 20-26 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|20-30 | 5-10 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 26-80 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-45 | 5-24 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrC3: | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-31 | 4-7 | 4-16 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|27-40 | 8-19 | 16-20 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|20-30 | 5-10 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 20-80 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-45 | 5-24 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | | | | Gullied land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 0-5 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML, CL|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|15-30 |NP-10 | 5-17 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-48 |15-25 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 17-80 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|30-40 | 6-15 | | | | | | | | | | Ke, Kf: | | | | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100|38-55 |20-33 | 8-36 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|50-80 |28-50 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | 36-80 |Fine sandy |ML, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |85-100|40-80 |15-40 |NP-20 | | loam, loam, | SM, CL | | | | | | | | | silt loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KrA, KsA, KuA: | | | | | | | | | | Kurk------| 0-15 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-95 |15-25 |NP-10 | 15-42 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-95 |35-50 |15-25 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 42-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 |20-35 | 3-15 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LEVEE. | | | | | | | | | | Levee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB: | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|15-35 |NP-15 | 9-31 |Silt loam, |ML, CL |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|32-48 |10-20 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 31-80 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|30-45 |10-22 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 358 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______Map symbol | | |______Classification | Percentage passing |Liquid|Plas- and soil name | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO |______sieve number-- | limit|ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | LoB2: | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-5 |Silt loam |ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|15-35 |NP-15 | 5-25 |Silt loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|32-48 |10-20 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 25-80 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|30-45 |10-22 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-4 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|15-35 |NP-15 | 4-21 |Silt loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|32-48 |10-20 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 21-65 |Silt loam |ML, CL |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|30-45 |10-22 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | 65-80 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|70-100|28-40 | 7-16 | | | | | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-5 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|15-35 |NP-15 | 5-25 |Silt loam, |ML, CL |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|32-48 |10-20 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 25-80 |Silt loam |ML, CL |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|30-45 |10-22 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-4 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|15-35 |NP-15 | 4-21 |Silt loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|32-48 |10-20 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 21-48 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|30-45 |10-22 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | 48-80 |Silt loam |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|70-100|28-40 | 7-16 | | | | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|15-35 |NP-15 | 4-20 |Silt loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|32-48 |10-20 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 20-38 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|30-45 |10-22 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | 38-80 |Silt loam |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |95-100|70-100|28-40 | 7-16 | | | | | | | | | | M-W. | | | | | | | | | | Miscellaneous | | | | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB: | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|15-30 |NP-10 | 7-31 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-48 |15-25 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 31-80 |Silt loam |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|30-40 | 6-15 | | | | | | | | | | MeB2, MeC2: | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 0-5 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|15-30 |NP-10 | 5-31 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-48 |15-25 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 31-80 |Silt loam |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|30-40 | 6-15 | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 359

Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______Map symbol | | |______Classification | Percentage passing |Liquid|Plas- and soil name | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO |______sieve number-- | limit|ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | MeC3, MeD3, MeE3:| | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 0-3 |Silt loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 100 | 100 |90-100|90-100|25-40 |15-25 | 3-16 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-48 |15-25 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 16-80 |Silt loam |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|30-40 | 6-15 | | | | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|15-30 |NP-10 | 6-31 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|35-48 |15-25 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 31-80 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|30-40 | 6-15 | | | | | | | | | | Natchez------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |85-100|15-30 |NP-10 | 8-80 |Silt loam, silt|CL-ML, ML, CL|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |85-100|15-30 |NP-10 | | | | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100|22-30 | 3-10 | 9-80 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 | 100 | 100 |90-98 |30-55 |11-28 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Op, Os: | | | | | | | | | | Openlake------| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100|45-60 |25-35 | 6-36 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|55-80 |33-50 | | clay | | | | | | | | | 36-80 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100|45-60 |25-35 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | clay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ph, Pp: | | | | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100|38-55 |20-33 | 10-19 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|50-80 |28-50 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | 19-29 |Loam, very fine|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|60-75 |25-35 | 3-12 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | 29-80 |Loamy fine |SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-3 | 100 | 100 |75-80 |15-40 |15-25 |NP-5 | | sand, fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | | | | Pits. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ra. | | | | | | | | | | Riverwash | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rb, Rc, Rf, RmD: | | | | | | | | | | Robinsonville---| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-95 |40-55 |15-25 |NP-3 | 5-80 |Stratified |ML, CL-ML, SM|A-2, A-4 | 100 |95-100|75-95 |30-65 |15-25 |NP-3 | | loamy fine | | | | | | | | | | sand to fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | | | | silt loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 360 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______Map symbol | | |______Classification | Percentage passing |Liquid|Plas- and soil name | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO |______sieve number-- | limit|ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | | | | Roellen------| 0-13 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|45-65 |20-40 | 13-42 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|55-80 |30-50 | | clay | | | | | | | | | 42-80 |Silty clay, |CL-ML, CH, CL|A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-95 |45-80 |18-50 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RsA, RtA, RuA: | | | | | | | | | | Routon------| 0-15 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|16-32 | 3-12 | 15-48 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |90-100|20-40 | 5-17 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 48-80 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-98 |16-32 | 3-12 | | | | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 0-5 |Silty clay |CL, CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100|46-85 |22-50 | 5-80 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7-5, | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100|56-85 |30-50 | | clay | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sh, Sk: | | | | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 0-5 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100|46-85 |22-50 | 5-80 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 | 100 |95-100|56-85 |30-50 | | clay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tc, Tu: | | | | | | | | | | Tunica------| 0-8 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 100 |98-100|95-100|90-100|50-92 |25-62 | 8-33 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 100 |98-100|95-100|90-100|50-92 |25-62 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | 33-80 |Sandy loam, |ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 100 |95-100|65-100|40-80 |15-40 |NP-20 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Wa, Wm: | | | | | | | | | | Ware------| 0-15 |Loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|50-70 |20-30 | 2-10 | 15-30 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|50-70 |20-30 | 2-10 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | 30-80 |Stratified |SC-SM, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |80-100|10-60 |15-25 |NP-6 | | sandy loam to | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam to very | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 361

Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______Map symbol | | |______Classification | Percentage passing |Liquid|Plas- and soil name | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO |______sieve number-- | limit|ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | Wr: | | | | | | | | | | Ware------| 0-3 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|75-90 |20-30 | 2-10 | 3-13 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 | 100 | 100 |75-90 |32-45 |11-23 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | 13-22 |Silt loam, |ML, SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|55-80 |15-30 |NP-10 | | loam, fine | CL | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | 22-80 |Stratified fine|CL-ML, ML, |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|10-60 |15-25 |NP-6 | | sandy loam to | SM, SC-SM | | | | | | | | | very fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ws: | | | | | | | | | | Ware------| 0-3 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|75-90 |20-30 | 2-10 | 3-13 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 | 100 | 100 |75-90 |32-45 |11-23 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | 13-22 |Silt loam, |SC, SM, ML, |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|55-80 |15-30 |NP-10 | | loam, fine | CL | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | 22-80 |Stratified sand|CL-ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |95-100|10-60 |15-25 |NP-6 | | to loamy fine | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | | | | sand to sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam to fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | | | | very fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | 362 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils

(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Organic Matter" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

______Map symbol | | | Moist |Permeability |Available| Soil | Linear | Organic |Erosion______factors and soil name | Depth | Clay | bulk | (Ksat) | water | reaction|extensi- | matter | | | ______| | | density | |capacity | | bility | | Kw | Kf | T | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac, Ad: | | | | | | | | | | | Adler------| 0-9 | 10-20|1.50-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 | .43 | 5 | 9-80 | 5-18|1.50-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | Ba, Bd, Be: | | | | | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 0-8 | 8-25|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.24| 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 8-53 | 20-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 53-80 | 8-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .28 | .28 | | | | | | | | | | | | Bf: | | | | | | | | | | | Bardwell------| 0-15 | 27-38|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.24| 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 15-44 | 15-30|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 44-80 | 15-30|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .28 | .28 | | | | | | | | | | | | Bn, Bo: | | | | | | | | | | | Bondurant------| 0-3 | 30-40|1.30-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 5.5-7.8 | 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 3-48 | 38-60|1.35-1.50|0.0015-0.06 |0.13-0.18| 5.5-7.8 | 6.0-8.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 48-72 | 25-40|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.22| 5.5-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 72-80 | 10-25|1.45-1.65| 2-6 |0.10-0.18| 5.5-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | Br, Bw: | | | | | | | | | | | Bowdre------| 0-20 | 40-60|1.40-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.20| 5.6-7.3 | 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .37 | .37 | 3 | 20-24 | 25-45|1.40-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.20| 5.6-8.4 | 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | 24-30 | 15-25|1.50-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.19-0.22| 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 30-80 | 5-15|1.50-1.60| 2-6 |0.05-0.15| 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | | | | | Calloway------| 0-30 | 10-25|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 30-60 | 10-35|1.35-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.12| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 60-80 | 16-32|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 5.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | CaB2: | | | | | | | | | | | Calloway------| 0-25 | 10-25|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 25-60 | 10-35|1.35-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.12| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 60-80 | 16-32|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 5.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | CeA, CfA: | | | | | | | | | | | Center------| 0-10 | 12-24|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 5.1-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 10-48 | 20-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 5.1-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 48-80 | 15-25|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | | | | | Collins------| 0-12 | 7-16|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.24| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 | .43 | 5 | 12-80 | 5-18|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | Ch, Ck, Cm: | | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| 0-11 | 14-27|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-4.0 | .43 | .43 | 5 | 11-43 | 18-35|1.35-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 6.1-8.4 | 3.0-5.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 43-80 | 14-30|1.35-1.65| 0.2-2 |0.20-0.23| 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| 0-11 | 27-37|1.25-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.19| 5.6-8.4 | 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-4.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 11-43 | 14-32|1.35-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 6.1-8.4 | 3.0-5.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 43-80 | 14-30|1.35-1.65| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.20| 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| 0-14 | 27-37|1.25-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.19| 5.6-8.4 | 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-4.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 14-40 | 14-32|1.35-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 6.1-8.4 | 3.0-5.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 40-80 | 14-30|1.35-1.65| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.20| 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 363

Table 17.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______Map symbol | | | Moist |Permeability |Available| Soil | Linear | Organic |Erosion______factors and soil name | Depth | Clay | bulk | (Ksat) | water | reaction|extensi- | matter | | | ______| | | density | |capacity | | bility | | Kw | Kf | T | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cp, Cr, Cs: | | | | | | | | | | | Convent------| 0-10 | 5-18|1.30-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.23| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 | .43 | 5 | 10-80 | 5-18|1.30-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | Ct, Cu: | | | | | | | | | | | Convent------| 0-10 | 5-18|1.30-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.23| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 | .43 | 5 | 10-80 | 5-18|1.30-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 0-9 | 14-27|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .43 | .43 | 5 | 9-80 | 14-35|1.35-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.11-0.23| 6.1-8.4 | 3.0-5.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | Cv, Cw: | | | | | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 0-7 | 5-10|1.45-1.55| 6-20 |0.06-0.10| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .10 | .10 | 5 | 7-80 | 2-8 |1.40-1.50| 6-20 |0.02-0.06| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .15 | .15 | | | | | | | | | | | | Cx: | | | | | | | | | | | Crevasse------| 0-4 | 12-17|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4-7 | 12-17|1.40-1.70| 2-6 |0.10-0.20| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 7-80 | 2-8 |1.40-1.50| 6-20 |0.02-0.06| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .15 | .15 | | | | | | | | | | | | De, Dk: | | | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 0-20 | 14-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.23| 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 20-80 | 18-35|1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.23| 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | Do, Dv: | | | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------| 0-34 | 14-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.23| 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 34-80 | 18-35|1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.23| 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | | | | | Falaya------| 0-52 | 6-18|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 52-80 | 19-32|1.25-1.50| 0.06-2 |0.14-0.22| 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | | | | | Falaya------| 0-52 | 6-18|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 52-80 | 19-32|1.25-1.50| 0.06-2 |0.14-0.22| 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | Waverly------| 0-10 | 6-18|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 | .43 | 5 | 10-80 | 10-18|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | FnA, FnB: | | | | | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 0-8 | 8-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 5.1-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 8-35 | 20-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 35-80 | 12-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | FnB2, FnC2: | | | | | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 0-5 | 8-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 5.1-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 5-17 | 22-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 17-80 | 12-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | FnC3: | | | | | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 0-6 | 8-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 5.1-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 6-15 | 22-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 15-80 | 12-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | FnD3, FnE3: | | | | | | | | | | | Feliciana------| 0-4 | 8-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 5.1-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 4-12 | 22-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 12-80 | 12-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | GrA, GrB: | | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| 0-7 | 12-16|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 7-24 | 18-25|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 24-30 | 10-32|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 30-80 | 18-32|1.45-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.12| 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | 364 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______Map symbol | | | Moist |Permeability |Available| Soil | Linear | Organic |Erosion______factors and soil name | Depth | Clay | bulk | (Ksat) | water | reaction|extensi- | matter | | | ______| | | density | |capacity | | bility | | Kw | Kf | T | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrB2: | | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| 0-5 | 12-16|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 5-20 | 18-25|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 20-26 | 10-32|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 26-80 | 18-32|1.45-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.12| 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| 0-4 | 12-16|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 4-16 | 18-25|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 16-20 | 10-32|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 20-80 | 18-32|1.45-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.12| 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | GrC2: | | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| 0-5 | 12-16|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 5-20 | 18-25|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 20-26 | 10-32|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 26-80 | 18-32|1.45-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.12| 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | GrC3: | | | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| 0-4 | 12-16|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 4-16 | 18-25|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 16-20 | 10-32|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 20-80 | 18-32|1.45-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.12| 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | | | | | Gullied land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 0-5 | 8-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 5-17 | 20-30|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 17-80 | 12-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | Ke, Kf: | | | | | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| 0-8 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 5.6-7.9 | 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 8-36 | 35-60|1.30-1.50|0.0015-0.06 |0.13-0.18| 5.6-7.9 | 6.0-8.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 36-80 | 10-27|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.18| 5.6-7.9 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | KrA, KsA, KuA: | | | | | | | | | | | Kurk------| 0-15 | 12-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .49 | --- | 5 | 15-42 | 22-35|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 4.5-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | --- | | 42-80 | 15-30|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.06-0.20| 5.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | LEVEE. | | | | | | | | | | | Levee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB: | | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-9 | 8-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 9-31 | 18-32|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 31-80 | 15-27|1.45-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | LoB2: | | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-5 | 8-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 5-25 | 18-32|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 25-80 | 15-27|1.45-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-4 | 8-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 4-21 | 18-32|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 21-65 | 15-27|1.50-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.06-0.13| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 65-80 | 10-25|1.30-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.06-0.13| 4.5-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-5 | 8-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 5-25 | 18-32|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 25-80 | 15-27|1.45-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 365

Table 17.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______Map symbol | | | Moist |Permeability |Available| Soil | Linear | Organic |Erosion______factors and soil name | Depth | Clay | bulk | (Ksat) | water | reaction|extensi- | matter | | | ______| | | density | |capacity | | bility | | Kw | Kf | T | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-4 | 8-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 4-21 | 18-32|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 21-48 | 15-27|1.50-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.06-0.13| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 48-80 | 10-25|1.30-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.06-0.13| 4.5-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | | | | | | Loring------| 0-4 | 8-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 3 | 4-20 | 18-32|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 20-38 | 15-27|1.50-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.06-0.13| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | 38-80 | 10-25|1.30-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.06-0.13| 4.5-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | M-W. | | | | | | | | | | | Miscellaneous Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB: | | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 0-7 | 8-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 7-31 | 20-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 31-80 | 15-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | MeB2, MeC2: | | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 0-5 | 8-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 5-31 | 20-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 31-80 | 15-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | MeC3, MeD3, MeE3: | | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 0-3 | 15-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 3-16 | 20-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 16-80 | 14-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| 0-6 | 8-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-7.0 | 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 6-31 | 20-30|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 31-80 | 12-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 4.5-6.0 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | Natchez------| 0-8 | 8-18|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 8-80 | 8-18|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| 0-9 | 14-27|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .43 | .43 | 5 | 9-80 | 14-35|1.35-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.11-0.23| 6.1-8.4 | 3.0-5.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | Op, Os: | | | | | | | | | | | Openlake------| 0-6 | 30-40|1.30-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 6.5-7.8 | 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6-36 | 40-60|1.35-1.60|0.0015-0.06 |0.13-0.17| 6.5-7.8 | 6.0-8.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 36-80 | 25-45|1.30-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 6.5-7.8 | 6.0-8.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | Ph, Pp: | | | | | | | | | | | Phillippy------| 0-10 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 5.6-7.8 | 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 10-19 | 35-60|1.30-1.50|0.0015-0.06 |0.13-0.18| 5.1-7.8 | 6.0-8.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 19-29 | 15-30|1.50-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.22| 5.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 29-80 | 5-15|1.40-1.50| 2-6 |0.05-0.15| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .28 | .28 | | | | | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | | | | | Pits. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ra. | | | | | | | | | | | Riverwash | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rb, Rc, Rf, RmD: | | | | | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| 0-5 | 2-10|1.40-1.50| 2-6 |0.15-0.18| 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 5-80 | 5-15|1.50-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.14-0.18| 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | 366 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______Map symbol | | | Moist |Permeability |Available| Soil | Linear | Organic |Erosion______factors and soil name | Depth | Clay | bulk | (Ksat) | water | reaction|extensi- | matter | | | ______| | | density | |capacity | | bility | | Kw | Kf | T | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | | | | | Roellen------| 0-13 | 40-55|1.40-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.19| 6.6-8.4 | 6.0-8.9 | 2.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 13-42 | 40-60|1.40-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.1-8.4 | 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | 42-80 | 35-60|1.40-1.60| 0.06-2 |0.14-0.20| 6.6-8.4 | 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | | | | | | | | | | | RsA, RtA: | | | | | | | | | | | Routon------| 0-15 | 10-25|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 4.5-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 15-48 | 18-32|1.35-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.18-0.22| 4.5-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 48-80 | 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.20-0.24| 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | RuA: | | | | | | | | | | | Routon------| 0-15 | 10-24|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 4.5-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 | .49 | 5 | 15-48 | 18-32|1.35-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.18-0.22| 4.5-6.5 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | 48-80 | 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.20-0.24| 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | Sc, Sh, Sk: | | | | | | | | | | | Sharkey------| 0-5 | 40-60|1.20-1.50|0.0000-0.06 |0.12-0.18| 6.0-8.4 | 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-4.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 5-80 | 45-65|1.20-1.50|0.0000-0.06 |0.07-0.14| 6.0-8.4 | 6.0-8.9 | --- | .28 | .28 | | | | | | | | | | | | Tc, Tu: | | | | | | | | | | | Tunica------| 0-8 | 40-60|1.45-1.55|0.0000-0.06 |0.15-0.20| 5.6-7.8 | 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 8-33 | 35-60|1.45-1.55|0.0000-0.06 |0.15-0.20| 5.6-7.8 | 6.0-8.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 33-80 | 10-30|1.40-1.50| 0.06-2 |0.10-0.22| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Wa, Wm: | | | | | | | | | | | Ware------| 0-15 | 12-25|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | 4 | 15-30 | 12-20|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.18| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | 30-80 | 8-18|1.60-1.70| 2-20 |0.07-0.18| 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | | | | | | | | | | | Wr, Ws: | | | | | | | | | | | Ware------| 0-3 | 20-26|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .43 | .43 | 4 | 3-13 | 25-35|1.35-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 6.1-8.4 | 3.0-5.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | 13-22 | 15-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .32 | .32 | | 22-80 | 8-18|1.60-1.70| 2-20 |0.07-0.19| 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-2.9 | --- | .28 | .28 | ______| | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 367

Table 18.--Water Features

(Depths of layers are in feet. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Estimates of the frequency of ponding and flooding apply to the whole year rather than to individual months. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

______| | |______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| | | | and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ac: | | | | | | | | | Adler------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |2.0-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Ad: | | | | | | | | | Adler------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |2.0-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |May-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Ba: | | | | | | | | | Bardwell------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Mar |3.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Apr-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Bd: | | | | | | | | | Bardwell------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan |3.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Feb-Mar |3.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Apr-May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Be: | | | | | | | | | Bardwell------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan |3.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Mar |3.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Apr | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |May-Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Bf: | | | | | | | | | Bardwell------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan |3.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Feb |3.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent | |Mar |3.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Apr-Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Bn: | | | | | | | | | Bondurant------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | 368 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | |______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| | | | and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | | | Bondurant------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Rare | |Aug-Oct | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Dec |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Br: | | | | | | | | | Bowdre------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May |1.2-1.7| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.2-1.7| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Bw: | | | | | | | | | Bowdre------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.2-1.7| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Feb-Mar |1.2-1.7| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Apr-May |1.2-1.7| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun-Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.2-1.7| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | CaA, CaB2: | | | | | | | | | Calloway------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.0-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.0-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | CeA: | | | | | | | | | Center------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | CfA: | | | | | | | | | Center------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Rare | |Feb |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Mar |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Apr |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Rare | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | | | | Collins------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |2.0-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional | |May-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Ch: | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 369

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | |______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| | | | and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Feb-Mar |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Apr |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun-Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Cm: | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Oct | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Feb-Mar |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Apr |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun-Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Co: | | | | | | | | | Commerce------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Oct | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | | | Convent------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | | | Convent------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |May |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | 370 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | |______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| | | | and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cs: | | | | | | | | | Convent------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | Ct: | | | | | | | | | Convent------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |May |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-1.7| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May |0.0-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.0-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Cu: | | | | | | | | | Convent------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |0.0-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |0.0-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |0.0-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun |0.0-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.0-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Cv: | | | | | | | | | Crevasse------| A | | | | | | | | | |Jan |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Feb-Mar |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Apr-May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |June | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Cw: | | | | | | | | | Crevasse------| A | | | | | | | | | |Jan |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Mar |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Apr | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 371

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | |______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| | | | and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cx: | | | | | | | | | Crevasse------| A | | | | | | | | | |Jan |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Feb-Mar |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Apr-May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jul-Oct | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | De: | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Dk: | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | Do: | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Dv: | | | | | | | | | Dekoven------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | | | Falaya------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional | |May-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | | | | Falaya------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | Waverly------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |0.5-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.5-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | 372 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | |______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| | | | and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2, FnC2, FnC3,| | | | | | | | | FnD3, FnE3: | | | | | | | | | Feliciana------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | GrA, GrB, GrB2: | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.8-2.5|2.2-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.5-2.0|1.7-2.2| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | GrC2: | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.8-2.5|2.2-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | GrC3: | | | | | | | | | Grenada------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.5-2.0|1.7-2.2| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | | | | Gullied land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Ke: | | | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Kf: | | | | | | | | | Keyespoint------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Feb-May |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Jun |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Aug-Oct | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Dec |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | KrA: | | | | | | | | | Kurk------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | KsA: | | | | | | | | | Kurk------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | Brief | Rare | |Feb |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Mar |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Apr-May |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |June | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Rare | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 373

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | |______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| | | | and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuA: | | | | | | | | | Kurk------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.2-1.7|2.5-5.5| --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | LEVEE. | | | | | | | | | Levee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB, LoB2: | | | | | | | | | Loring------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Mar |1.7-2.8|2.0-2.9| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Apr-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.7-2.8|2.0-2.9| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | | | | Loring------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Mar |1.5-1.8|1.7-2.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Apr-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-1.8|1.7-2.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | | | | Loring------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Mar |1.7-2.8|2.0-2.9| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Apr-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.7-2.8|2.0-2.9| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | LoC3, LoD3: | | | | | | | | | Loring------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Mar |1.5-1.8|1.7-2.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Apr-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-1.8|1.7-2.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | M-W. | | | | | | | | | Miscellaneous Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2, MeC2, MeC3,| | | | | | | | | MeD3, MeE3: | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Natchez------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | | | | Mhoon------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Jul | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.2-4.0|Very long | Frequent | --- | None | |Aug-Nov | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-4.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None | |Dec | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.2-4.0|Very long | Frequent | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Op: | | | | | | | | | Openlake------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | 374 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | |______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| | | | and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | Os: | | | | | | | | | Openlake------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Aug-Oct | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Dec |1.0-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | | | Phillippy------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |2.0-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Pp: | | | | | | | | | Phillippy------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan |2.0-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Mar |2.0-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Apr |2.0-4.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |May-Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | | | | Pits. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ra: | | | | | | | | | Riverwash------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Feb-May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very long | Frequent | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Jul-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | | | | | | | | | Rb: | | | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Rc: | | | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Feb-Apr |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Rf: | | | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Mar |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent | |Apr |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 375

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | |______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| | | | and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | RmD: | | | | | | | | | Robinsonville------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Feb-May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | | | | Roellen------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |0.0-1.0|1.5-2.5| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Mar |0.0-1.0|1.5-2.5| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Apr |0.0-1.0|1.5-2.5| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |May-Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.0-1.0|1.5-2.5| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | RsA: | | | | | | | | | Routon------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May |0.0-1.0|3.5-6.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.0-1.0|3.5-6.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | RtA: | | | | | | | | | Routon------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |0.0-1.0|3.5-6.0| --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Feb-May |0.0-1.0|3.5-6.0| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.0-1.0|3.5-6.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | RuA: | | | | | | | | | Routon------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |0.0-1.0|3.5-6.0| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |0.0-1.0|3.5-6.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May |0.0-1.0|3.5-6.0| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.0-1.0|3.5-6.0| --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | | | | | | | | | Sc: | | | | | | | | | Sharkey------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Jul | 0.0 |1.5-2.5|0.5-4.0|Very long | Frequent | --- | None | |Aug-Nov | 0.0 |1.5-2.5|0.0-4.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None | |Dec | 0.0 |1.5-2.5|0.5-4.0|Very long | Frequent | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Sh: | | | | | | | | | Sharkey------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Jun |0.0-1.5|1.5-2.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.0-1.5|1.5-2.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | | | Sharkey------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |0.0-1.5|1.5-2.5| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Feb-May |0.0-1.5|1.5-2.5| --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Jun |0.0-1.5|1.5-2.5| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Aug-Oct | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Dec |0.0-1.5|1.5-2.5| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | | | | | | | | | 376 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | |______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| | | | and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tc: | | | | | | | | | Tunica------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May |0.0-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Jun-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.0-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Tu: | | | | | | | | | Tunica------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan |0.0-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Feb-Apr |0.0-1.5|1.2-3.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |May-Jun |0.0-1.5|1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |Jul | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Aug-Oct | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Dec |0.0-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | | | | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Wa: | | | | | | | | | Ware------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |3.0-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Wm: | | | | | | | | | Ware------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan |3.0-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Feb-May |3.0-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Wr: | | | | | | | | | Ware------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr |3.0-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Ws: | | | | | | | | | Ware------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan |3.0-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Feb-Mar |3.0-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Apr |3.0-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare | |Jul-Nov | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | Rare ______| | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 377

Table 19.--Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

______|______Restrictive layer | Potential |______Risk of corrosion Map symbol | | Depth | | for | Uncoated | ______and soil name | Kind |to top |Thickness|frost action| steel | Concrete | | __In | __In | | | | | | | | | Ac, Ad: | | | | | | Adler------| --- | --- | --- |None |Moderate |Low | | | | | | Ba, Bd, Be, Bf: | | | | | | Bardwell------| --- | --- | --- |None |Low |Moderate | | | | | | Bn, Bo: | | | | | | Bondurant------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | Br, Bw: | | | | | | Bowdre------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | CaA, CaB2: | | | | | | Calloway------|Fragipan | 24-38 | 24-48 |None |High |Moderate | | | | | | CeA, CfA: | | | | | | Center------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | | Cg: | | | | | | Collins------| --- | --- | --- |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | Ch, Ck, Cm, Cn, Co: | | | | | | Commerce------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | Cp, Cr, Cs: | | | | | | Convent------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | Ct, Cu: | | | | | | Convent------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | Mhoon------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | Cv, Cw, Cx: | | | | | | Crevasse------| --- | --- | --- |None |Low |Moderate | | | | | | De, Dk: | | | | | | Dekoven------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | Do, Dv: | | | | | | Dekoven------| --- | --- | --- |None |Moderate |Low | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | Falaya------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | | Fc: | | | | | | Falaya------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | | Waverly------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | | FnA, FnB, FnB2, FnC2 | | | | | | FnC3, FnD3, FnE3: | | | | | | Feliciana------| --- | --- | --- |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | GrA, GrB, GrB2: | | | | | | Grenada------|Fragipan | 22-36 | 24-60 |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | GrB3: | | | | | | Grenada------|Fragipan | 18-22 | 24-60 |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | 378 Soil Survey

Table 19.--Soil Features--Continued ______|______Restrictive layer | Potential |______Risk of corrosion Map symbol | | Depth | | for | Uncoated | ______and soil name | Kind |to top |Thickness|frost action| steel | Concrete | | __In | __In | | | | | | | | | GrC2: | | | | | | Grenada------|Fragipan | 22-36 | 24-60 |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | GrC3: | | | | | | Grenada------|Fragipan | 18-22 | 24-60 |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | GuF: | | | | | | Gullied land. | | | | | | | | | | | | Memphis------| --- | --- | --- |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | Ke, Kf: | | | | | | Keyespoint------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | KrA, KsA, KuA: | | | | | | Kurk------| --- | --- | --- |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | LEVEE. | | | | | | Levee | | | | | | | | | | | | LoA, LoB, LoB2: | | | | | | Loring------|Fragipan | 22-36 | 24-60 |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | LoB3: | | | | | | Loring------|Fragipan | 18-22 | 24-60 |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | LoC2: | | | | | | Loring------|Fragipan | 22-36 | 24-60 |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | LoC3: | | | | | | Loring------|Fragipan | 18-22 | 24-60 |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | LoD3: | | | | | | Loring------|Fragipan | 18-22 | 10-36 |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | M-W. | | | | | | Miscellaneous Water | | | | | | | | | | | | MeA, MeB, MeB2, MeC2, | | | | | | MeC3, MeD3, MeE3: | | | | | | Memphis------| --- | --- | --- |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | MmF: | | | | | | Memphis------| --- | --- | --- |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | | Natchez------| --- | --- | --- |None |Low |Low | | | | | | Mo: | | | | | | Mhoon------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | Op, Os: | | | | | | Openlake------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | Ph, Pp: | | | | | | Phillippy------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | PtD: | | | | | | Pits. | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | Ra. | | | | | | Riverwash | | | | | | | | | | | | Fulton County, Kentucky 379

Table 19.--Soil Features--Continued ______|______Restrictive layer | Potential |______Risk of corrosion Map symbol | | Depth | | for | Uncoated | ______and soil name | Kind |to top |Thickness|frost action| steel | Concrete | | __In | __In | | | | | | | | | Rb, Rc, Rf, RmD: | | | | | | Robinsonville------| --- | --- | --- |None |Low |Low | | | | | | Ro: | | | | | | Roellen------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | RsA, RtA, RuA: | | | | | | Routon------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | | Sc, Sh, Sk: | | | | | | Sharkey------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | | Tc, Tu: | | | | | | Tunica------| --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | UdC: | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | Wa, Wm, Wr, Ws: | | | | | | Ware------| --- | --- | --- |None |Low |Low ______| | | | | | 380 Soil Survey in the tucky ______ass ______loam , silt loam loam loam loam ______Table 20.--Physical Analyses of Selected Soils (Dashes indicate the material was not detected. An asterisk indicates soil represents typical pedon for series survey area. For the location of pedons, see "Soil Series and Their Morphology." Soil samples were analyzed at Ken Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington, Kentucky.) ______| Total Size class and particle diameter ______| Sand |Very fine ______| Very coarser |sand plus Soil name and |Horizon|Depth| Sand | Silt Clay Very |Coarse|Medium| Fine fine |than very|silt (0.1-| Textural cl sample number | (2- (0.05-|(<0.002|coarse| (1- |(0.5- |(0.25- |(0.1- |fine |0.002 mm) | 0.05 0.002 mm) (2-1 0.5 0.25 0.1 | mm) ______| |------Pct <2mm------| ______| Bondurant silty | clay loam: |Ap1 | 0-3 12.3 53.7 34.0 0.1 0.3 1.8 4.6 5.5 6.8 59.2 |Silty loam (S99KY-075-1)* |Ap2 | 3-11| 5.6 59.5 34.9 --- 0.1 4.2 12.6 3.7 16.9 63.2 |Silty clay loam |A |11-20| 8.7 | 58.3 33.0 --- 0.3 4.1 16.6 4.2 21.0 62.5 |Silty clay loam |Bg1 |20-28| 2.5 | 42.9 54.6 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.3 1.2 44.2 |Silty clay |Bg2 |28-50| 12.2 | 45.0 42.8 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 10.9 1.3 55.9 |Silty clay |2BCg |50-67| 28.7 | 41.3 30.0 0.1 0.3 0.6 5.1 22.6 6.1 63.9 |Clay loam |2Cg |67-80| 65.5 | 15.7 18.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 24.5 40.4 25.1 56.1 |Very fine sandy | Feliciana silt | loam: |Ap | 0-4 3.4 76.3 20.3 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.3 2.1 77.6 |Silt loam (S96KY-075-3) |Bt1 | 4-17| 1.5 67.6 30.9 --- 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.7 68.4 |Silty clay loam |Bt2 |17-30| 1.1 | 71.1 27.8 --- 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.4 71.8 |Silty clay loam |Bt3 |30-46| 0.8 | 76.6 22.6 --- 0.1 0.7 77.3 |Silt loam |Bt4 |46-66| 0.9 | 83.9 15.2 --- 0.1 0.7 0.2 84.6 |Silt loam | Phillippy silty | clay loam: |Ap1 | 0-3 11.1 54.9 34.0 0.2 0.7 1.6 4.5 4.1 7.0 59.0 |Silty loam | (S99KY-075-3)* |Ap2 | 3-10| 6.6 55.2 38.2 --- 0.1 0.4 2.5 3.6 1.2 81.2 |Silty clay loam | |A |10-19| 13.8 | 37.6 48.6 0.1 0.3 3.5 9.8 4.0 47.4 |Silty clay |2Bw1 |19-24| 43.8 | 32.7 23.5 --- 0.1 0.5 11.5 31.7 12.1 64.4 |Loam |2Bw2 |24-29| 61.8 | 20.7 17.5 0.1 1.0 28.0 32.6 29.2 53.3 |Very fine sandy |2BC |29-42| 88.7 | 5.4 5.9 --- 0.1 3.1 75.8 9.7 79.0 15.1 |Fine sand |2C1 |42-65| 93.8 | 2.4 3.8 --- 0.1 1.0 79.5 13.2 80.6 15.6 |Fine sand |2C2 |65-80| 76.6 | 11.3 12.1 --- 0.2 39.2 37.2 39.4 48.5 |Very fine sandy | Phillippy silty | clay loam: |Ap1 | 0-6 11.6 58.2 30.2 0.1 0.9 4.4 6.1 5.5 64.3 |Silty loam (S99KY-075-2) |Ap2 | 6-14| 9.5 55.7 34.8 0.1 0.5 2.7 6.1 1.2 81.2 |Silty clay loam |AB |14-22| 13.5 | 46.3 40.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 2.5 10.3 3.2 56.6 |Silty clay |2Bw1 |22-30| 40.8 | 34.0 25.2 --- 0.1 0.3 13.6 26.8 14.0 60.8 |Loam, clay loam |2Bw2 |30-37| 63.0 | 20.3 16.7 --- 0.1 0.4 21.1 41.4 21.6 61.7 |Very fine sandy |2BC |37-43| 48.6 | 34.0 17.4 --- 0.2 4.0 9.3 35.1 13.5 69.1 |Loam |2C |43-70| 96.4 | 2.9 0.7 0.1 3.3 |37.2 54.0 1.8 94.6 4.7 |Fine sand | ______Fulton County, Kentucky 381 ical pedon for the analyzed at the ______| | Phos- t| | ______| p/m ___ | | | 52 178 | 32 155 | 20 142 | 21 253 | 39 193 | 52 157 | 49 93 | | | 22 142 | 33 140 | 34 127 | 35 126 | 37 112 | | | 54 211 | 29 184 | 35 210 | 44 153 | 52 121 | 38 58 | 43 49 | 51 94 | | | 31 180 | 19 159 | 14 165 | 24 127 | 39 94 | 38 84 | 16 17 | ______Table 21.--Chemical Analyses of Selected Soils 0 | |Total|Ammonium| Sum of able |Ammonium|Sum |matter |carbonate |phorus |Potassium 2 (ND indicates that a determination was not made. Tr trace amount. An asterisk the soil represents typ soil series in the survey area. For location of pedons, see "Soil Series and Their Morphology." Soil samples were Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington, Kentucky.) ______| pH Cation-exchange Soil name and | 1:1 Extractable cations capacity |Extract-| Base saturation |Organic Calcium ______sample number |Horizon|Depth| H ______| |------Milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil------| Pct ______| Bondurant silty | clay loam: |Ap1 | 0-3 5.7 |10.9| 2.9| 0.5| 0.1| 14.4| 22.3 21.4 7.0 65 67 3.2 Tr (S99KY-075-1)* |Ap2 | 3-11| 6.6 |12.3| 3.0| 0.4| 0.1| 15.8| 20.3 23.2 7.4 78 68 2.2 0.1 |A |11-20| 6.4 |12.1| 4.0| 0.4| 0.1| 16.6| 23.3 | 28.8 12.2 71 58 2.1 0.1 |Bg1 |20-28| 5.1 |14.4| 6.9| 0.6| 0.1| 22.0| 33.9 | 31.3 9.4 65 70 1.4 Tr |Bg2 |28-50| 5.1 |11.7| 5.9| 0.5| 0.1| 18.2| 28.5 | 25.1 6.9 64 72 1.0 Tr |2BCg |50-67| 5.6 |10.0| 4.8| 0.4| 0.2| 15.4| 22.4 | 23.9 8.5 69 64 0.5 Tr |2Cg |67-80| 5.8 | 6.4| 3.1| 0.3| 0.1| 9.9| 15.8 10.7 0.8 63 93 0.4 Tr | Feliciana silt | loam: |Ap | 0-4 5.6 6.7| 2.4| 0.3| 0.1| 9.4| 14.0 17.0 7.5 67 56 1.7 0.1 (S96KY-075-3) |Bt1 | 4-17| 5.3 6.7| 3.9| 0.3| 0.1| 11.0| 16.0 22.0 11.0 69 50 0.6 0.2 |Bt2 |17-30| 5.0 | 4.8| 4.0| 0.3| 0.2| 9.3| 15.1 18.3 9.0 62 51 0.3 0.1 |Bt3 |30-46| 5.2 | 4.1| 3.5| 0.3| 0.2| 8.1| 13.6 17.1 9.0 60 47 0.2 0.1 |Bt4 |46-66| 5.3 | 3.7| 2.9| 0.3| 0.2| 7.1| 11.8 14.0 7.0 60 50 0.2 0.1 | Phillippy silty | clay loam: |Ap1 | 0-3 6.9 |11.7| 3.1| 0.5| 0.1| 15.3| 21.5 19.5 4.2 71 78 3.1 ND (S99KY-075-3)* |Ap2 | 3-10| 6.0 |11.6| 3.7| 0.5| 0.1| 15.9| 24.9 24.1 8.2 64 66 1.8 ND |A |10-19| 6.0 |17.3| 5.0| 0.6| 0.2| 23.1| 31.6 | 31.3 8.2 73 74 1.0 ND |2Bw1 |19-24| 5.9 | 9.3| 3.1| 0.4| 0.1| 12.9| 18.4 18.0 5.1 70 72 0.5 ND |2Bw2 |24-29| 5.7 | 6.6| 2.2| 0.3| 0.1| 9.2| 12.5 3.3 74 0.4 ND |2BC |29-42| 5.9 | 2.4| 0.9| 0.1| 3.5| 4.4 5.6 2.1 79 62 0.2 ND |2C1 |42-65| 5.9 | 2.5| 0.9| 0.1| Tr| 3.5| 3.0 5.5 2.0 94 64 0.1 ND |2C2 |65-80| 5.9 | 4.5| 1.7| 0.2| 0.1| 6.5| 8.1 8.6 2.1 80 76 0.2 ND | Phillippy silty | clay loam: |Ap1 | 0-6 5.8 |10.6| 3.2| 0.5| 0.1| 14.4| 25.4 18.6 4.2 57 77 2.3 0.1 (S99KY-075-2) |Ap2 | 6-14| 5.6 |12.2| 4.3| 0.4| 0.1| 17.0| 26.9 27.5 10.5 63 62 2.0 0.1 |AB |14-22| 5.3 |12.4| 5.1| 0.5| 0.1| 18.1| 27.4 | 28.5 10.4 66 63 1.2 Tr |2Bw1 |22-30| 5.5 | 8.2| 3.3| 0.3| 0.1| 11.9| 19.0 19.6 7.8 63 61 0.8 Tr |2Bw2 |30-37| 5.5 | 5.9| 2.2| 0.2| 0.1| 8.4| 13.5 14.2 5.8 62 59 0.5 Tr |2BC |37-43| 5.5 | 6.5| 2.5| 0.2| 0.1| 9.3| 14.2 15.4 6.1 65 60 0.5 Tr |2C |43-70| 5.9 | 0.9| 0.3| 0.1| Tr| 1.3| 3.2 4.3 3.0 41 30 0.1 | ______| Ca Mg K Na |(TEC)|acetate |cations |acidity |acetate |equivalen 382

Table 22.--Classification of the Soils

(An asterisk in the first column indicates a taxadjunct to the series. See text for a description of those characteristics that are outside the range of the series.) ______| Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class ______| | Adler------|Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts Bardwell------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Fluventic Hapludolls Bondurant------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Vertic Epiaquolls *Bowdre------|Clayey over loamy, smectitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Hapludolls Calloway------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Aquic Fraglossudalfs Center------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Aquic Hapludalfs *Collins------|Coarse-silty, mixed, active, acid, thermic Aquic Udifluvents Commerce------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts Convent------|Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts Crevasse------|Mixed, thermic Typic Udipsamments Dekoven------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Endoaquolls *Falaya------|Coarse-silty, mixed, active, acid, thermic Aeric Fluvaquents Feliciana------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Ultic Hapludalfs Grenada------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Fraglossudalfs Keyespoint------|Clayey over loamy, smectitic over mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts Kurk------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Aeric Epiaqualfs Loring------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs Memphis------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs Mhoon------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts Natchez------|Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Eutrudepts Openlake------|Fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts Phillippy------|Clayey over loamy, smectitic over mixed, superactive, thermic Oxyaquic Hapludolls Robinsonville------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Typic Udifluvents Roellen------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Vertic Epiaquolls Routon------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Epiaqualfs *Sharkey------|Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquerts Tunica------|Clayey over loamy, smectitic over mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts Udorthents------|Udorthents Ware------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Fluventic Hapludolls Waverly------|Coarse-silty, mixed, active, acid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts ______| NRCS Accessibility Statement

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