CENSUS OF INDIA 1951 ADMINISTRATION REPORT MADRAS AND COORG
PARTS I & II
BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, MADRAS AND COORG
PRINTED BY 'l'RE SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT1?'nES9 MADRAS 1953
Fa,. official WB ~ CO.NT-ENTS
PART I-ENUMERATION. SECTION I.
PARAGRAPHS. I'AqES 1 Special features in Madras 1~ 2 House numbering system " '2 3 Census divisions-Blocks, Circles, Charges, Special Charges and Qircles- 4 Charge lists. • 4 Recruitment of enumeration staff 5 Instructions to enumeration sta.ff 7 6 Non-synchronous tla.cts 8 7 Fairs and Festivals 8 8 Paper and Printing .. 9 9 Conduct of enumeration and writing up of the National Registers of 9 Citizens, 10 Language controversy •• 10 11 Language in which the National Registers of Citizens should be written 10 up in certain bilingual areas. 12 Provisional totals 10
13 Census Towns '1 • 11 14 Displaced Persons 11 15 Appointment of speci,al staff in districts 11 16 Accidents 12 17 Recognition of good Census work 12 18 Publicity and propaganda 13 19 Attitude of the public 13 20 Time selected for Census work and writing up of National Registers of 14 Citizens. 21 Arrangement of records 14 22 Conclusion 14,
A!'PENDICES. I -Census Divisions and Agency 15 II-Number of forms and circullllrs supplied and used 15 III-District Census charges •• 16
SECTION II. Verification of Census count in sample households selected-Review 17-29
SECTION III. National Registers of Citizens-Verification ofsa.mple registers and compari- 30..;.39 son with record of final population figures-Review. PART D-TABULATION.
SECTION I.
PARAGRAPHS. PAGES 1 Introduction .. 41 2 Regional Tabulation Offices- (i) Location and building arrangements .. 41 (ii) Strength of staff and recruitment 42 (iii) Tmnsfer of Census records to Tabulation offices 44 (iv) Arrangement for furniture, boxes and pigeon-holes 45 (v) Stationery 46 (vi) Financial powers of Deputy Superintenden~ 46 3 Changes introduced in the 1951 Census (i) Forms and procedure 47 (ii) Economic Tables 47 (iii) Household and age sample tables 48 (iv) Primary Census abstract 48 (v) The N&tional Register of Citizens 48 (vi) Displaced persons 49 (vii) Location Code 49 (viii) Livelihood classification 49 4 Trial sorting .. .. 49 5 Regular sorting 50 6 Progress in sorting 50 7 Compilation and tabulation in Regional offices . . . • . . 50 8 Items of extra information gathered by the Census tabulation staff 52 9 Preparation and Scrutiny of District Census Handbook . . . . 53 10 Transfer of Census records from regional tabulation offices to districts 54 11 Miscellaneous- (i) Delimitation of Census tracts .. 54 (ii) Formation of tabulation regions 54 (iii) Payment of bonus to sorters 54 SECTION II. 1 Central tabulation '. 55 2 Preparation of subsidiary tables and other statistics required for State 55 Census Report. 3 Small-scale Industries 56 4 Fair copying of completed tables . . 56 5 Arrangements made for printing the Census Tables and Reports 56
ApPENDICES. I-Statement showing the furniture supplied to the regional tabulation offices. 58 II-Statement showing the stationery articles supplied to the regional tabula- 60 tion offices. III-Proceedings of the Conference of Census Deputy Superintendents 62 IV-Sorting of enumeration slips-Weekly progress report 66 V-Orders of the Madras Government on the printing and publication of 67 District Census Handbook. VI-Circular containing instructions for the closure of regional tabulation 71 offices and transfer of Census reoords. VII-List of Census tracts in each tabulation region 72 VIII-Circular regarding payment of bonus to sorters 85 IX-Oircular containing forms and instructions for sorting and tabulation of 86 information relating to Small-scale Industries. ADMINISTRATION REPORT OF THE CENSUS OF 1951, MADRAS AND COORG Part I-Enumeration.
SEOTION I. 1. Special Features in Madras.-The Government of might be a suitable Provincial Service Officer lndia sugge.sted the appointment of an I.C.S. Officer for whole-time Census work. He would do the less solely for Census work in Madras. On account of important and routine inspections and tours, the more the extreme shortage of I.C.S. Officers, the Madras important and vital tours and inspections, espeoially Government stated in reply that they could not spare in the beginning, being conducted by the Chief the services of any such officer solely for Census work Elec toral Officerhlmself in his capacity as the Superin and added, that. the officer selected should preferably tendent of Census Operations. The entire expendi· be one, who had been a Presidency Officer and toured . ture on the pay and travelling allowance of the Joint all districts to an appreciable extent. The Madras Superintendent of Census Operations and his staff Government put forward an alternative proposal. should be borne by the. Government of India. They stated that all work, which had to be done The Government of India accepted the proposals in their Secretariat in connection with the Census was of the Madras GoVel'IL'llent and I was appointed as being handled in the Public (Elections) Department, SUlerintendellli 'Jf Ce/lsll3 Op9r~tions for Madras, in which was in charge of the Chief Electoral Officer addition to my other duties as Chief Electoral Officer in his capacity as ex-officio Additional Secretary and ex-officio Additional Secretary to the Government to Government, Public Department. The scheme of Madras, Public Department. Sri J. I. Arputha for the permanent numbering of buildings nathan was appointed as Joint Superintendent of and the maintenance of those numbers throughout Census Operations. The Madras Government the State had been implemented in all the areas of appointed him also as ex-officio Assistant Secretary to the State under the direction of the Chief Electoral the Government of Madras, Public Department. In Officer. The Madras Government therefore considered, previous years such official position· in the State that it would be best, and in the interests of efficient Government was denied to the Superintendent of conduct of the Census work itself, to appoint the Census Operations; but this position is quite essential Chief Electoral Officer as ex-officio Superintendent and convenient in the present set-up under our New of Census Operations. The fact that the Chief Elec Constitution, as under this set-up, adIflinistrative toral Officer was Additional Secretary to the State prestige depends largely on Ministerial support and Government and was thus a Secretariat officer would tends to be concentrated in the officials in close touch give the Superintendent of Census Operations useful with the Government t t their headquarters. My status in carrying out his Census responsibilities in Joint Superintendent a'ld I assumed cbarsr. of O1,r the State. In respect of his Census work, he would respective posts on the forenoon of Srd January 1950. actually function as Additional Secretary to Govern I was on short leave from 1st May 1951 to 30th ment, only in respect of ordels issued :-:1 thi.~ name of June 1951 and Sri S. Y. Krishnaswami, I.C.S., was the State Government in the exercise of their powers appointed as Superintendent of Census Operations and in the discharge of their duties under the Census during the period. . Act, 1948, while the correspondence carried on by My offer to do the work of the Superintendent of him and the orders issued by him, in his capacity as Census Operations, Madras and Coorg, in addition the Superintendent of Census Operations would be' to my elections work, which the State and Central quite distinct. If the Government of India approved Governments were good enough to accept readily, was, of this proposal, the Madras Government stated, that I must confess in retrospect, an error of judgment on the Government of . India should bear one-third my part. 1 was carried away by my enthusiasm to do of the expenditure on pay and allowances of the Chief snch basic and intere~ting wprk in preference to any
Electoral Officer and his staff during the period he kind of routine administrative or ministerial ;vorki functioned both as Chief Electoral Officer and as The main reason for illy fe~Jjng that 1 'Jould not d.:J Superintendent of Census Operations. .As it would as much justice to my Census work as I have done in not be possible for the Chief Electoral Officer to devote respect of my elections work is that, owing to rr..y pI'e4 all his time to Census worl. it would be essential occupation with the latter work especially as what to have, right from the start, a Gazetted officer as I had to tackle were the first general elections on the Joint Superintendent of Census Operations to assist basis of adult franchise, it was impossible for me to him in regard to his census work. This latter officer do what gave me great pleasure on the Ellections sid~, 1A 2 that iB, as a senior officer to take the initiative and make of work, tour extensively and conduct most of the my own contribution to the formulation of what may training classes himself. be aptly summarised as the policies and basic I must acknowledge wit~ gratitude the encourage instructions. As it was, apart from my participatwn ment and support I receIved throughout from the at the first Censu3 Cunference in U}50 I had to be Hon'ble Chief Minister, Madras, who had the subject of largely content with the implementation of the instruc Censu~ on the State Government's side in his portfolio. tions received. I do not think the quality of the I received the ready co-operation of Departments of Census work has suffered in any way on account of the Madras Secretariat, heads of departments Collec my shouldering simultaneously two difficult and tors and. district officials. I received also' hearty arduous jobs. But the pressure of my work on the co-operatlOn from the Chief Commissioner Coorg the elections side made some delays unavoidable, e.g., Assistant Commissioner of Coorg and th~ Subedars, in the production of this Report, but I do not think throughout all stages of enumeration. Though offici that there have been any serious delays or incon ally I;t stranger to Coorg, when I first went there, I had venience caused thereby. I was new to Census work, no reason to feel.like a str.anger there at any time, and though sufficiently experienced to face it with confi I. had not the 8hg~test difficulty in functioning effec- dence, while, on the elections side, I had to tackle _tively as the S?permtendent of Census Operations for the large and complicated administrative problems that State whICh reflects great credit on the officers connected with the first General Elections under and people of that State. I visited that State twice in our new Constitution. My assumption that the connection with the enumeration work and so also hectic periods of work on the elections side my Joint Superintendent. ' and on the census side would not coincide much, 2. House numbering system.-Maintained house proved to be quite wrong. The result was some numbering has been correctly described as being at the unavoidable delays and great strain. All this has a root of the attempt to build up a sound statistical lesson for the future, though I am personally glad and structure. Suggestions regarding the introduction of proud to have bOlen aSEl,Q9iated with the first Census a permanent system of house numbering for census in Independent India. The arrangement would not purposes were received from the late Mr. Yeatts in the have worked at all satisfactorily, but for the fact first half of 1948. In August 1948 the Madras Govern that there was a Joint Superintendent of Census ment issued orders introducing a permanent system Operations, who was a whole-time officer on Census of numbering of houses throughout the State. There work and could take up at once whatever I could not are provisions in the Madras District Municipalities take up immediately. While on this point, I must Act and the Madras City MUllicipal Act for the num record my appreciation of the excellent work done bering of buildings. No such statutory provisions by my Joint Superintendent of Census Operations, existed in respect of other ar~as. . T~e Madras Village Sri J. I. Arputhanathan. He fully justified his Panchayats Act, 1950, contaIns Similar provisions for selection (or this post and gave me valuable assistance the n~mbering of buildings in all panchayats. There throughout. Owing to the pressure of my election are still a number of -small villages which do not come work, the bulk of the training classes in the districts within th~ purview of the Madras Village Panchayats had to be conducted by him. Only a whole-time Act, but, lD the course of a few years, all these villaaes Superintendent of Census Opemtions could have will also be constituted into, or included in panchay;ts. conducted more classes than I did. Under the permanent numbering system introduced ~y the. Madras Government the existing arrangements The Census is sufficiently· important and difficult lD ;majOr pancha~ats, municipalities and the Corpo to require a whole-time Superintendent of Census ration of Ma?ras, m regard to numbering of buildings, Operations. The Superintendent of Census Operations were not disturbed. Old houses, which had been must be a senior man to command the necessary omitted to be numbered, or new houses which had prestige with the heads of departments, Collectors since sprung up, were ordered to be given ;ub-numbers and other district officials. A young officer may be or. fr.esh numbers in con~inuation, according to th~ more enthusiastic, but would not have the necessary eXlstmg plan of numbermg, with reference to the mature experience and judgment. It is essential l?Cation of the h?uses in the street in which they were that, for a large region like Madras and Coorg, he situated. In rnm?r panchayats and villages, where should have a Joint Superintendent of Census Opera there was no satIsfactory numbering of houses the tions, as his Gazetted assistant, who can relieve the permanent numbering system was introduced' and . Superintendent of Census Operations of all the every building with a separate main entrance was routine and less important work, particularly, desk ordered to be treated as a distinct house. work, and also tour to the extent the Superintendent of Census Operations considers necessary. The In small villages, where there are only a few houses expenditure on the Joint Superintendent of Census scattered all over the area;, the houses were numbered Operations will be more than worthwhile, as it in a single series, clock-wise or anti-clock-wise. The would enable the Superintendent of Census Opera numbers of the houses were painted invariably on the tions to concentrate on the more important items doors oBhe houses or on the walls close to the entrance 3 door. In larger villages and panchayats, the area was a certificate to the Collector of the district. The split up into. c?nvenient blocks wi.t~ ~stinctive bo~ Collector, after similar verification, was required to daries contalmng a group of adJommg streets wIth furnish to the Government in the Public (Elections) about 1(10 houses. The blocks were numbered in one Department before the 15th August, a consolidated series for the entire village and the buildings in each report on the maintenance of house numbers in his block were numbered serially. This system of number district. Thus it was ensured that the system of house ing is known as the Block System. The block number numbering would be maintained on a permanent and the house number were painted on the doors of basis. the buildings. In large towns and cities, where there Rough sketches arid key lists showing the number of are well formed streets covering the whole area, the buildings in each local area have also been prepared as locality-street system of numbering has been intro suggested by Mr. Yeatts and are being maintained. duced. In these places, there are well-known localities, The idea is that even an outsider should, with the help which are known by popular names and which have of these sketches and lists, be able to locate the building also well defined boundaries. These localities were bearing any specified number. Two copies of these numbered serially for the whole town or city, and in sketches and lists are being maintained, one in the each locality the streets were numbered serially, and Taluk Office and the other with the Village Karnam in each street the buildings were numbered serially; or the executive authority of the panchayat or munici At the entrance to each streot or road or lane, the name pality, as the case may be. would have been painted on a board. It was ordered The Madras scheme of house numbering was that the number of the locality and the number of the extended to Coorg with the concurrence of the Chief street should also be painted on the same board, if Commissioner. there was sufficient space on the board, or the numbers should be painted on a separate board or plate and 'fhe late Mr. Yeatts assigned location code numbers fixed permanently along with the name board. On to districts. The location code numbers assigned the buildings the housc (door) number alone was by him had to be modified when Visakhapatnam ordered to be painted. The house numbers were district was bifurcated; but care was taken to see that ordered to be painted in coal·tar against a circular the numbers assigned to other districts were not white background or in white against a black back disturbed. The taluks were assigned location code ground. These numbers were also ordered to be numbers according to their geographical location in painted sufficiently high to be above the reach of the district. In each taluk all the villages, panchayats (major or minor), cantonments and municipalities were children. assigned location code numbers strictly with reference As the purpose of II, Census is to enumerate al~( to their geographical location in the taluk. The persons wherever fou?d, . every building, ~hethe~\ numbers were given serially. The assignment of residential or non-resIdentIal, and whether It was these location code numbers was scrutinized by the a pucca or a kutcha building or only a temporary hut'l·· Government in the Publio (Elections) Department and was ordered to be numbered. Thus even places of final approval aceorded. They were ordered to be worship, asylums, hospitals, schools, libraries, tempo-I treated all rermanent and it was directed that any rary labour camps in project works, huts ofhillmcn andll change or modification in the numbers on account of forest guards, etc., were all ordered to be numbered. ,I the fOt'lllation of new towns by the clubbing together of villages or panchayats or discovery of any omis The Madras Government ordered also that the siMS or mistakes should h:we the prior approval of electoral rolls under adult franchise should be prepared with reference to these permanent house numbers. Govel11ment. They further directed that these house numbers should Charge lists.-I did not entrust the very important be maintained. They directed that, after the close of work of approval of the Census charge lists to Collectors. each financial year, i.e., after 31st March, the The system of assigning location code numbel's to officers responsible, viz., the Commissioner or the villages, panchayats, municipalities, etc., in each taluk Executive Officer, or the Village Karnam, as the case and the permanent house numbering soheme were all may be, should, after verifying that the. house ~umbers new. I wanted to be quite sure that all areas in have been maintained, record the followmg partIculars: a taluk were accounted for and that there was no (1) Number of buildings at t~e ?eginning of th~ finan overlapping. Therefore, I directed that pll thi: charge cial year; (2) number of bUIldings added durmg the lists shouid oe scrutini:;,ed in my office, though it year; and (3) total number of b~ldings at the end of threw a very heavy strain on my Joint Superintendent the financial year. They prescnbed a form for the of Census Operations and myself and considerably submission of the annual 'verification certificates. delayed the issue of final orders of approval. But the These certificates were ordered to be forwarded to the defects nQticed by me justified my decision. I had to Tahsildars of the taluks. The Tahsildars, in their return two or three times many of the charge lists for turn had to check whether the certificates in respect rectification of the defects to the Charge Superinten Qf all the areas in their taluks were received and send dents before according my final approval. Several cases of wholesale omissions of villages and overlapping Readworks Colony (Bhavanisagar) Were also consti· were detected. The Oharge Superintendents did not tuted into special charges with the Special Deputy all show a propel' judgment in allocating the blocks for Oollector for Welfare and Recruitment of Labour each enumerator and their choice of enumerators was Tungabhadra, Project, as the Charge Superintendent not always satisfactory. It is my considered opinion for the former, and the Sub divisional Officer in Charge that as district officers are overburdened with other of the Bhavanisagar camp as the Charge Superintendent duties, the scrutiny of the charge lists should be done for the latter. only in the head office of the Superintendent of Census , Operations but the time required should be duly Circles.-Each charge was divided into circles allowed for, and, in future, the Revenue Divisional under the charge of Supervisors and each circle was Officers should be made responsible for personal further divided into blocks, each of which was allotted scrutiny of the charge lists before they are forwarded to an enumerator. A circle consisted of a compact to the Superintendent of Census Operations through group of (generally) five adjoining enumerators' the Collector and for effective supervision of the blocks in the same major panchayat, municipality or arrangements for the census right from the start. cantonment, or a compact group of five adjoining Apart from this the fact is that Revenue officers are villages in other areas. As each Supervisor had to all now overworked, the present day Deputy test-check 20 per cent of the houses enumerated by the Tahsildars and Tahsildars require to be guided enumerators in e&.ch of the blocks within his circle, each and supervised far more than their predecessors. circle was so delimited as to cover an area centaining an estimated popula.tion of about 5,000 to 5,50() at the 3. Census diVisions-Blocks, circles, charges, special most. Though this principle was followed normally in charges and circles-Charge lists- delimiting circles, it was not adopted mechanically Charges. - The general scheme followed was and was varied suitably with reference to (1) the that of the previous censuses. The usual census estimated population in the circle, (2) its qompactness divisions of charges, circles and blocks were and (3) the distance to be covered from one end of the formed. Oharge Superintendents were appointed circle to another. for charges, supervisors for circles and enumerators for blocks. Madras City was constituted into a charge with The Railway Station and Railway Colony at the Commissioner, Corporation of Madras, as the Charge Tambaram, Villupuram, Golden Rock, Tiruchirapalli, Superintendent. In the mufassal taluks, all the areas Vijayavada, Guntakal and Waltair were each consti within a taluk other than municipalities, cantonments tuted into a special circle. Other railway stations and and strictly military areas, were constituted into railway colonies where the number of railway employees a charge, and the Tahsildar, the Deputy Tahsildar or normally resident therein exceeded 50(1, were also the Subedar (in Coorg State) in charge of the taluk similarly constituted into separate special circles. was ma~e the Oharge Superintendent. Sub-taluks in Railway construction camps and ballast trains (which the charge of Deputy Tahsildars which were not treated had labourers living on them) were also ordered to be as 'taluks' for census purposes and allotted separate treated as special circles but there were no such cases. census location code numbers, formed part of the At junction stations where two railways met, the' work main t,aluk charge concerned. Each municipality ing railway' was entrusted with making necessary in the mufassal constituted a separate charge arrangements for the enumeration of the employees of with the Commissioner of the municipality as the both the railways. Each Central Jail, Borstal School Charge Superintendent. Each Civil Aerodrome and and Oertified School also constituted a separate each Port, major or minor, was, for census purposes, special circle. The major ports, Madras and Visa-kha· treated -as part of the town or village in wlioh t,hay patnam also formed separate special circles. are situated and enumerated by the regular enume Blocks.-Each circle was divided into enumeration rators of the blocks concerned. blocks, eaoh of which was allotted to an enumerator. In the cantonments, the strictly military area was An enumeration block was constituted in such a way . distinguished from the rest of the cantonmen~. ThE that the enumerator to whom it was allotted could strll:tly military area formed a special charge and the complete all his enumeration work in the block during Oharge Superintendent was appointed by the Officer the 20 days' period allotted to him for the purpose, Commanding. The rest of the cantonment constituted viz., from the 9th February 1951 to the 28th 1!'eb~ a separate special.charge with the Executive Officer of ruary 1951, both days inclusive. As it was considered the cantonment as the Charge Superintendent. Each that an enumerator could not, on an average, enu Air Force or Naval Establishment was similarly merate more than 50 persons daily, in view of the fact constituted into a special charge and the Charge that, except during the few holidays, he would have Superintendent was appointed by the local officer to do the work outside his office hours, i.e., in the commanding the establishment. The Mettur Township mornings and evenings, each enumeration block was also formed a special charge with the Executive Officer normally constituted with reference to the criterion or as the Oharge Superintendent. The Tungabhadra population, viz., 1,000 persons. The principle was not.. Project Damsite Ca,mp a.nd the Lower Bhava,ni Project however, adopted rigidly and in certain e:xceptional cases where there was dearth of suitable persons for appointment as enumerators and where paid agency I wish to observe, in this connection, that most was appointed, the population limit was raised to of the enumerators are not paid for their Census work 1,500 and even to 2,000. and they have to attend to enumeration duty, in addi tion to their normal work. The enthusiasm for such Each enumerator was allotted a block as close to extra work is definitely warning and it would be wise his residence as possible. But in some backward and to take due note of it and reduce the strain of the work hilly areas this could not be done as there were no as much as possible. I suggest, therefore, that the qualified enumerators available locally. Each block period of enumeration should be increased to thirty consisted of houses in the same village or a compact days or at least the whole of February set apart for it. area therein, in villages, and of a group or groups of They will thus have more holidays than within a adjoining houses in one or more adjoining compact period of 20 days, and this will result in improvement areas in towns. in the quality of the work. Rough plans and key lists prepared under the 4. Recruitment of enumeration staff-Appointment house numbering scheme, relating to their respective of Supervisors and enumeraio1s.-Supervisors and enumeration blocks and circles were supplied to the enumerators were selected for appointment from enumerators and supervisors for their guidance. Each among Government servants, State and Central, enumerator was thus made responsible for the enume and employees of Municipal Coimcils, District Boards ration in all the buildings including institutions and and Panchayats. In the case of Central jails, Borstal asylums, and also homeless persons and floating and Certified Schools and Ports, the Supervisors and population as may be found, in his block. enumerators were selected from among their staff by the respective authorities. Also, in the case of At all the ports, one or more special enumerators hospitals for infectious diseases such as leprosy, and supervisors were also appointed, if necessary, for small-pox, cholera, etc., a junior Medical Officer or ~numerating the Naval and other ships and. vessels the Medical Officer-in-charge of the hospital, was visiting the ports. They were entrusted WIth the appointed as the Supervisor, and the enumerators enumeration of the crews and p:tssengers who were were appointed from among the members of the quartered on board the ships and the vessels visiting hospital staff. Women enumerators were appointed the ports. The officers and members of crews who for enumeration work in Gosha localities and closed were quartered ashore were enumerated by the regular convents. enumerators of the blocks in which the quarters were situated. Enumeration of boats or other vessels Enumerators.-For appointment as enumerators, in canals or rivers or backwaters outside the port especially in villages, village officers, if considered limits was also the responsibility of the enumerator competent, ;:were the first choice. In Panchayats, of the block in which the canal, river or backwater Cantonments and Municipalities, they were drawn or the concerned part thereof, was situated. from bill-collectors, the clerical staff in Panchayat Boards, Cantonments, MUnicipal and Taluk Offices, The following Table shows the number of Charge Sanitary Inspectors, Vaccinators and Elementary Superintendents, supervisors and enumerators appoint and Middle School teachers. ed at the 1931, 1941 and 1951 Censuses in Madras State:- Supervisors.-Supervisors were mostly drawn from Year. Number of charge Number of Number of among touring non-Gazetted officers. In Panchayats Superintendents. Supervisors, enumerators. having an Executive Officer or Special Officer, that 1931 1,789 19,068 366,322 officer was invariably appointed as the Supervisor 1941 808 10,696 82,821 for a Circle including the whole or part of his Panchayat. In other Panchayat areas and non-panohayat villages, 1951 352 13,469 72,996 Revenue Inspectors, Firka Supply Officers, Assistant The enumeration staff in Madras State was reduced Inspectors of Labour and other touring non-Gazetted from 366,322 to 82,821 in 1941, i.e., by nearly four officers including the Deputy Tahsildars of sub.taluks fifths. This staff has been further reduced at the 1951 not treated as charges, were appointed as Supervisors. Census by about one-ninth. The Supervisory staff In Municipalities, the Health Inspectors, MUniCipal was however increased by about 2,800 in order to Health Officers, senior clerks in an offices, High School secure a more effective check of the work of the enume Assistants and college lecturers were selected as rators and an improvement in the correctness of the Supervisors. Care was taken to see that the census data. The very appreciable drop in the number Supervisors were better qualified and of a higher of Charge Superintendents is due to the fact that, status than the enumerators. at the 1951 Census, I did away with separate Charge Superintendents for Census towns other than munici Non-o.fficial and paid staff.-Retired Government officials who were equal to the physical strain of such palities, and for sub-taluks which have not been assigned Taluk code numbers. work and educated non-officials who could be confi dently trusted to do the work involved carefully 6 and with sustained enthusiasm, were also enlisted Register of Citizens and assaulted an enumerator as enumerators and Supervisors. Appointment of who a,pproached him to get back his census pads non-officials was limited to the minimum necessary. given to him for check. Here also the Government Only in the hill villages of Attur taluk of Salem district took prompt aotion. and Kallakurichi taluk of South Arcot district and A district board teacher who refused to receive in the Wynaad taluk of Malabar, non-officials were his order of appointment as enumerator was placed appointed as enumerators, but even in these areas under suspension immediately on receipt of a complaint the work was checked by official Supervisors. In about such refusal, pending disciplinary action. Coorg, a more appreciable number of non-officials, Complaints about cases of refusal by Central were, as usual, appointed as enumera~ors and Super Government servants made to the Heads of the offices visors. Paid enumerators and SupervISors had to be concerned over the telephone were promptly attended appointed in the Agency areas in· Visakhapatnam to and telegraphic orders were issued to the subordi and Srikakulam districts and in the Attapadi valley nates concerned pending formal written complaints of Wynaad taluk in Malabar district, owing to the being received by them. very inadequate number of Government servants In Visakhapatnam, the employees 'of the Bengal and employees of local bodies available in these back Nagpur Railway did the enumeration work at the ward and remote areas. Census but refused to write up the National Register. Exemption.-The Police, the officers and subordi The Registrar-General was addressed and' a ruling nates of the Electricity Department engaged on opera obtained that the writing up of the National Register tion and ma,intenance work, the entire executive was a part of Census duty, failure to perform which staff of the Rationing Department and the ministerial would entail penalties under the Oensus Act. Even staff in the Circle Rationing Offioes, were completely after this was done, two Supervisors refused to attend exempted from Census duty. The services of Medical to this work, and in order to ensure qU,iok despcttch Offioers and the staff of Post and Telegraph Offices of records to the Tabulation Offices, the enumeration were very sparingly used only where it could not pads were got back from the refractory Supervisors and be helped and the services of the ministerial staff in the National Registers of Citizens were got written the Central Rationing Offices were also similarly up by section-writers. The Distriot Magistrate has utilized only where unavoidable. The services of the been asked to go into the details of this case and decide Police were requisitioned, where absolutely required, on merits the question of prosecuting these two persons. to assist the enumerators in enumerating the home But this is the only case where nothing prompt less population on the night of the 28th February 1951. could be done against such blatant refusals. In all the It was also ordered that a reserve of 5 per .cent other cases, whether the delinquent concerned was an of the total strength of enumerators and Supervisors employee of Government, local body or municipality, in each charge should be appointed, trained and kept the authorities concerned took prompt action on the ready to meet all emergencies. In Madras State alone complaints made to them. 72,996 enumerators and 13,469 Supervisors were As against these very few unfortunate cases, appointed excluding the reserves. The corresponding I came across a number of enthusiastio census workers. figures for Coorg State are 503 enumerators and 130 Two enumerators in Salem district composed Tamil supervisors. ballads explaining how answers to the Census question There were only a few cases of refusal to do naire should be recorded. Another enumerator in census work. There were more cases of slackness in Madras City sent tl. scrip," 01 hU appeal to the oitizens work among those who were appointed as enumerators in connection with the Oensus and asked for permission and supervisors. But in all such instances the autho to broadca;t through the All-India Radio. Another rities concerned took prompt action against the delin enumerator in Madras declined payment, for writing quents. Attempts at evasion increased in numbers the National Register of Citizens on the ground that towards the approach of the enumeration period it was national work. A number of Supervisors and and a circular had to be issued to all Charge Superin enumerators wrote direct to me seeking clarification tendents to bring such cases to my notice so that action on various points. In all such cases, to infuse enthu could be taken to move the authorities concerned siasm, my replies were sent direct to them. The letters in the matter to take effective action. received from them showed their keenness in Census A State Government servant, sufficiently senior work and genuine desire to understand the Census in service was one of those who refused. When the questionnaire and to obtain and record correct answers. matter was brought to the notice of the Madras Some of the questions put by them were of practical Government and the Head of the Department concern value. ed, the officer was placed under suspension, and Another point that should be mentioned in proceeded against departmentally and he was also conneotion with the recruitment of Census personnel prosecuted under the Census Act. Another State is about the transfers of Census workers made by Government servant grew violent when asked to Heads of Departments just before the enumeration supervise the work of writing up of the National period. Such transfers, especially of those appointed 7 to do census work in a particular place d f II ' trained for that purpose handicapped the C~~an u {,.- Next a printed" Manual for Charge Superintendents The training given to them was lost I ;.sus wor. and Supervisors" was issued to these two categories, t find b t't tes d . was not of Census Officers explaining their duties from the easy 0 su s 1 u an train them proper! t h short notice. Similarly, leave granted to y a time of their appointment to t e despatoh of the . ted" C k persons provisional totals relating to their jurisdictions, appom ~or ensus wor caused Bome a k d dislocation. w war The enumerators were given a self-contained circular for their guidance. English copies of this lUcular The'·· following ..suggestions are made foor conS1-. were distributed to all Charge Superintendents and d erat Ion m connectIOn wIth future cellsuses :_ Supervisors and to all enumerators in Madras City. (1) Immediately the Government of I di Language copies of this circular were printed and notify that a oensus should be taken, the Central :n~ distributed to all enumerators in the mufassal, except Stat~ Govern~ents should issue orders placincr the for those who preferred to have the English eopy. serVICes of theIr staff a~ the disposal of the Coll~ctors for census work. A lIst of all subordinate offi Between the Joint Superintendent of Census Opera specifying their designation and headquarters cers, tions and myself the whole of Madras and Coorg 'th . ., . , and States was covered. Our tours commenced in August WI m~ormatlOn as to whether they are t . 1950 and ended in January 1951. During this or not, their jurisdiction, etc., offic~als shou~~~~ period, we could visit only district' and divisional furmshed to the Collectors concerned by the Heads of headquarters and a few taluk headquarters. At each Cen~ral and State Government Departments and looal of the places visited, instruction classes for all Charge bodie~ and kept ready before the appointment of the Superintendents and Supervisors and enumerators 81~permtendent of Census Operations. The Collectors will send extracts from these lists to the appr . t within a range of five miles from the place were held. Ch arge Superm . t en d en t s. A"lSImI ar arrangementopna e At each of these classes, praotical demonstration of adopted in Madras State in connection with the recwa~ enumeration was done by enumerating some members General Elections and worked well. en of the audience or passer-b~7. rhe Revenue Divisional Officers and Charge Superintendents helu instructio;l (2) Cen~ral and State Governments should issue orders to theIr Heads of offices that any Com 1 . t classes for the other enumerators and Supervisors. The Charge Superintendents were instructed to hold agams. t thelr . sub ord' mates about their censusP am ks should be promptly enquired into and exem ~or practice enumeration at the end of January, scrutinize departmental action taken against them. p ary the slips and point out the defects noticed at a general instruction class to all the enumerators and Supervisors. (3) The list of exemptions should be settled' It was ensured that the enumerators and Supervisors a~vance.. .Such exemFtions sh?uld be reduced k t~~ b"re and the census tables, two years in advance of the procedure at the 1941 census, should again be treated census. as exceptional and exempted from the normal scheme (2) A conference of Superintendents of Census of operation. They reportcd that the ,special tract Operations should be held 15 months in advance of and forest areas treated as exceptional at. the last the census and the detailed instructions regarding census should be exempted this time also and in enumeration as well as tabulation should be settled. certain cases with slight modifications. Accordingly, (3, Immediately on return from this conference orders were issued by the· Government of Madras in the Supermtendent of Census Operations should draw consultatiou with me. up his instructions and circulars and have them printed In the case of Todas in the NilgiriR district it was and circulated to all District Officers, Tahsildars and usual in the past to have them enumerated in Decem Municipal Commissioners. These circulars and mstru<' ber as they used to leave their munds in search of tions should be printed and distributed 12 clear months pasture for their buffaloes at about the beginning of before the census. January and return to their munds after the rains (4) Immediately after Charge Superintendents had set in. I therefore ordered that the Todas should are a:ppointed, they should be asked to submit through be enumerated from 15th December 1950 to 31st their Revenue Divisional Officers and Collectors their December 1950. I have since ascertained from the charge lists for t!::.e approval of the Superintendent of Collector that ~ince some years past, they do not leave Census Operations who will arrange for their sorutiny their munds in search of pasture but are content with at the Head office to see that no phwe hn.", been the grazing facilities available in the neighbourhood. omitted and that there is no overlapping of jurisdiction. They are being permitted by t,he Forest department to bum the neighbouring grass lands once a year, (5) The Revenue Divisional Officer should be so that they may have sufficient tend~r grass for made responsible for the efficient organization of all grazing purpofles during the next rains. Consequent the census arrangements in his division and required on the enforcement of rural rationing, they were to submit progress rcports to the Superintendent of prevented from taking rationed commodities to the Census Operations through the CoJlector. distant places where they stay for months. Besides (6) There must be a country-wide census a'l this, many of them have taken to agriculture and are hitherto once in ten years. The questions must be cultivating potatoes Oil a commercial basis. They such that even the least intelligent school teacher also sell the milk they get from their cattle to the local or village officer whom we have to appoint as an co-operative milk society. I understand that except enumerator, can comprehend them fully and precisely ing a small number of Todas who still adhere to their and explain clearly so as to make them understood old customs, the bulk of them have almost given up even by illiterate persons in rural areas. Questions their practice of going to the interior in search of which are too difficult and complicated must be pasture for their cattle. I therefore consider that excluded from the census questionnaire. (Only a the Todas need not be separately enumerated at future country-wide census can create the necessary feeling censuses. However, the Superintendent for Census of national interest and help to secure public co-ope Opcrations for the next Census should consult thc ration in adequate measure. There is a significant Collector in advance before reaching a decision in difference between the interest aroused by a, General . the matter. . Election and by a bye-election, for example.) The 7. Festivals.-The Collect.or of Anantapur difficult questions must be left to be tackled through Fairs and special inquiries, by specially trained staff, based asked for instructions regarding the enumeration of persons who were expected to gather in large numbers on sound sampling methods, and such inquiries at two car festivals-one at Tenegal village of Kalyan should be held during the intercensal per\ods so at; drug taluk and another at Madakasira-on the night not to clash with the decennial censuses. of the 28th February 1951. I issued the followmg 6. Non-Synchronous Tracts.-Under the ordinary instructions to him :- procedure laid down for the 1951 census the enumera (1) All persons found sleeping, whether on the tion consisted of the followmg three stages :- ground in the open, or in buildings, sheds or pandals (i) Enumeration of the household population should bc wakened and questioned politely. If they . including those residing in institutions in urban as said that they had been enumerated already elsewhere well as in rural areas from the 9th February 1951 at the census, on or after 9th February 1951, no to the 28th February 1951 ; action need be taken; otherwise, they should be (ii) Enumeration of the homeless persons on the enumerated; night of the 28th February 1951 ; and (2) all persons who were found awake and (iii) The final check-up during the period 1st wherever found should be similarly questioned and to 3rd March 1951, with reference to birth and deaths enumerated if they said that they had not alrcady prior to sunrise on 1st !March 1951. been enumerated at this census; The Collectors 'concerned were consulted whether (3) persons on the move should not be stopped allY of the area exempted from the ordinary census and questioned but should be ignored. 9 8. Paper and Printing.-The Registrar-General Superintendent, Government Press, Madras. I wish circularized all Superintendents of Census Operations to record my grateful thanks to the Superintendent, t01vards the end of September 1950 that the paper Government Press, Madras, and his Gazetted Assistants required for the preparation of the National Registers for the spirit of co-operation which they displayed of Citizens would be supplied free of l:ost by the at a time when they had heavy pressure of other work Deputy Controller of Stationery, Calcutta. I could not and for executing the work entrusted to them take any action immediately to obtain the paper as promptly, giving it very high priority. the Government of Madras had not come to a decision Only in connection with a small printing work, whether they agreed to the preparation of the National viz., the printing of the Calendars of Outstanding Register of Citizens on the terms indicated by the Occurrences which varied from district to district, Government of India. They reached a decision only in I asked the Collectors of the districts to entrust the the middle of October 1950. A conference of the printing to local private presses. As this was a petty Census Superintendents had been arranged at New work, Collectors could not get tenders from private Delhi towards the end of December 1950 and I thought printers in certain districts. But the Controller of that a uniform method of preparing the National Printing and Stationery, India, insisted on the pro Registers of Citizens would be discussed at the con cedure for calling for tenders and the selection of the ference, viz., the number of columns to be printed, the lowest tenderer and other formalities before he would size of the register, interleaving of pages, arrangements agree to pass the bills from the private presses. The to be made for carrying' out corrections and additions calendars were printed in 1950 but it was not till and such other details. The subject was discussed December 1951, that the last batch of these hills was and the Superintendent of Census Operations, Madhya passed by the Controller for payment. I feel that, in Pradesh, brought sample copies of the form as well as the case of such small printing work, the Superinten wrapper for the register. I calculated the quantity of dents of Census Operations should have discretion to paper that would be required for Madras State and pass the billR in commltation with the State Superin Coorg and placed an indent on the Deputy Controller tendents of Government Presses and this may be of Stationery, Calcutta, on the 23rd January 1951, ordered in connection with the next Census. but the paper was made available only towards the end of March 1951. I had to get the instructions on the 9. Conduct of emumeration and writing up of the wrappers printed and distributed to all enumerators National Registers of Citizens.-At this Census it was (about 73,500) in the State. The stationery had to be ensured that each enumerator and Supervisor attended sent through the usual channels, namely, the Collector at least three instruction classes and did practice of the district, then the Charge Superintendents and enum¥ation at least once. Morc practice enumeration then the Supervisors. The registers reached the should be insisted on and arranged in future. In the enumerators during April-May 1951. As a result of the Srungavarapukota agency, an enumerator recorded delay in the supply of paper, my plan for the writing in the enumeration slips only the names of the persons up of the registers immediately after the enumeration and sex, and in the National Registers of Citizen!'! only in March 1951 was upset. The bulk ofthe enumerators the names of the persons and the work had to be were school teachers and village officers. The majority completed for the enumerator by the Charge Superin of the school teachers left their stations for the summer tendent. But reports received from the Tabulation vacation and the village officers were engaged busily Offices showed that, though there were several blanks on jamabandi work. Most of the registers could in the enumeration slips and they abounded in mistakes therefore be written up only in July-August 1951, of all sorts ranging from simple to stupid ones, varying and this resulted in the postponement of sorting according to the degree of intelligence and power of operations till the end of July and the beginning of understanding of the enumerator, the quality of the August 1951. Complications of this kind must be work was, on the whole, quite satisfactory. The taken into account when we plan for future censuses. defects were not of a serious character, and were I should like to refer to the huge cost incurred in rectifiable. They were mostly confined to the follow the transport of stationery from Calcutta to all States. ing categories:-- For the transport of 9,300 reams of white printing (1) Failure to record the location code number or paper and 530 reams of brown cartridge paper from house number correctly at the top of the slip. Confu Calcutta to Madras a railway freight of about Hs. 25,200 sion between enumeration block and house numbering was incurred. I would urge the Government of India block. to consider the advisability of authorizing the Superin (2) Failure to record the district of birth. The tendents of Census Operations to purchase stationery enumerators noted only the names of villages or towns locally at controlled rates through the Superintendent probably due to ignorance as to the name of th~ of Stationery of the State concerned. This would also district. reduce the delays in securing the paper required. (3) Failure to classify corre.ctly displaced persons. Printing.-All printing work in connection with Persons from Kashmir, BUl'ma, Siam, Hyderabad, Census enumeration work was undertaken by the persons from districts adjoining their own, and even 2A 10 hotneless persons, were recorded by some enumerators I visited wards of Bellary town and villages in Bellary, as displaced persons. Alur and Adom taluks and was satisfied that the enumerators and supervisors had done. their work -(4) Recording of more than one language in column (8) of the enumeration slip. honestly without a.ttempting to inflate figures of the Kannada or Telugu population. In order, however, (5) Failure to understand questions 9, 10 and 11, to prick the bubble completely and to secure cent and consequently even leaving these columns blank in per cent confidence from all section:" of the people some cases. In several cases enumerators recorded I gave instructions, in consultation with the Collector, the numerals '1', '2' or '3' in the second that, on a requisition from either side, the enumerator compartment of column (9), in cases of earning and and supervisor concerned may give orally information non-earning dependants and some failed to record the as to the answers actually recorded in the case of secondary means of livelihood in the case of earning every specified individual or in respect of persons dependants. Several enumerators failed to record living in any specified stre{\t or lane against questions clearly and correctly the occupations, which resulted 7 and 8, and that any mistakes complained of should in great strain on the Tabulation offices in classifying be investigated on the spot by the Charge Supenn" the occupations into the main livelihood classes V to tendents, the mistakes corrected and the fact reported VIII. Occupations were merely noted as 'Clerk', to me through the Collector. The contending parties , Mechanic'. 'Business', 'Coolie', 'Cultivation', or were satisfied with this arrangement. (I got DO , Agriculture '. ( reports from the Collector, and received no further complaints.) Even though Census answers are confi The above defects were naturally reflected in the dential, I allowed this information to be given so that National Registers of Citizens also. In addition, no one can have any excuse for making any unfounded the instructions issued for preparing the National allegations against persons who did vital national work Registers of Citizens were not strictly followed. A without any remuneration and after a full day's work single National Register of Citizens was written for in their offices. After all there is nothing confidential more than one house-numbering unit, or for more than about a person's mother-tongue or about the other one village. The registers were not written in three languages that he can speak. I circulated my notes of sections separately for the households, institutions inspection to the Hon'ble Ministers of the Madras and homeless persons. Households were not serially Government. One of them toured the district early numbered for each house-numbering unit. But, in in March. He too recorded that he received no spite of all the above defects, it may be stated, that the fqrther complaints in the matter during his tour. National Registers of Citizens have been written up The complaints made in respect of Bellary naturally fairly well and may be said to be about ninety per cent made me anxious about what was happening on the good on the whole. It is a valuable document, and, Orissa border. I toured the Ichapuram and Sompeta. if it is corrected and maintained up to date, it will talukb on the 26th and 27th February 1951 and I provide authentic basic data for conducting sampling found that the Census officials here, as in BeIlary, were experiments during the inter-bensal periods and for the doing their work honestly. There was no controversy annual revision of the electoral rolls. of any kind. 10. Language eontroversy.-The borders of linguis #,11. Language in which the National Register of tic areas are usually the centres for such controversy. iCitizens should be written up in certain Bilingual A local M.L.A. complained that in Bellary district areas.-There was some controversy about the language the majority of the enumerators were Andhras in which the National Registers of Citizens should be (Telugus) who made incorrect entries regarding written up in certain bilingual areas in Madras State mother-tongue and bilingualism. Many l'epresenta such as Alur, Adoni and Rayadrug taluks of Bellary tions from non-official bodies representing Kannada and district and the Kasaragod taluk of South Kanara. Telugu interests were received, each compL'lining that district. The Government of Madras in consultation the recording of mother-tongue was not properly with the Government of India issued instructions to the . done. I expected a similar crop of complaints from effect that, wherever there was a language controversy the Orissa border, but fortunately the people there in the mufassal, the National Register of Citizens, Were quite fair and made no such complaint. which is a confidential record, should be written up in the same language and script as the rural official On receipt of the complaint, I toured the Bellary revenue records and accounts of the area, and that district from 2(1th to 22nd February 1951. I inter in the City of Madras which is a multilingual area, the viewed prominent gentlemen representing the two register should be written up as a special case in language interests. I visited a number of places where English. incorrect recording of answers to questions 7 and 8 were alleged and verifi~d the enumerations in a number 12. Provisional totals.-The provisional totals for of cases myself. Certain representatives of the two Madras and Coorg States were finally reported to the interests were present at the time of my verification. Registrar-General on the 5th of April 1951. The 11 -differences between the provisional and final totals In exceptional cases c~rtain places having a populatioll -Me as follows ;- slightly below 5,000 but having very definite urban characteristics in other respects were treated as Pre>visional JI'inaJ D' f'I: Percentage. total. tolal. IJJ erence. towns. Mo.dras State.. 56,952,332 57,OI6,O:J2 + 63,670 + 0'[1 {)oorg Stat,o, 229,2<15 229,405 + 150 + 0'07 The Collectors were consulted whether the places treated as towns at the 1941 Census shou d continue Very clear instructions were issued in Circ11:1ar to be treated as such and also whether they recom No.6, dated the 26th December 1950, for reportIng mended other places to be treated as towns, On the the provisional totaL., on or before the 7th March 1951. reports received from the Collectors, I decided that a In order to ensure that there was rrOllelay in the few places treated as towns at the 1941 Census should transmission of reports from the epumerators to the not be treated as such and that several places which Supervisors from the Supervisors to the Cha,rge were not treated as towns in 1941, should be treated Superintendents, and from the Charge Superintendents as such at this Census. to the Collectors, Charge Superintendents we~e asked to make advance arrangements, especially In areas Fifty-eight additional places were thus treated all where means of communication were difficult, and towns at this Census. they were asked to report, whether such arrangements Census cities.-Twenty-two places were treated as had been made. In spite of the above arrangements, Census cities in 1941. The criterion adopted at the the provisional totals for Visakhapatnam, Srikakulam, 1951 Census was that the population in a City should .and Malabar districts could not be reported on the exceed 50,000. Fourteen new places were treated as prescribed date. Cities at the 1951 Census. At the suggestion of the In Visakbapatnam district, the Charge Superin State Government, Pudukkottai, Ootacamund and tendent of Chintapalli taluk (Gudem Agency) reported Palayamkottai were treated as cities for special that the enumerators had failed to enumerate 90 reasons though their population was below 50,000. in interior villages the Agency and that steps had been 14. Displaced persons.-Question No. 6 of the taken to enumerate them. In Srikakulam district, Census questionnaire, relating to displaced persons, was the Collector reported that the Charge Sllperint~n.dent not til ed in properly by the enumerators. The of Cheepurupalli taluk failed to include the provlsIO~ mistakes committed could have easily been avoide totals of certain villages. The enumerator of Kalpem if the enumerators had studied carefully the instruc. island in the Laccadive group of islands, . Malabar tions given and if the Supervisors and the Charge district, failed to· report in time the provisiomil t"dtals. Superint~ndents had also given proper training to the I brought to the noti?e of the Mad~a:s Government enumeraitors. For instance, in a number of cases, the delay in the reportmg of the provIsIO~al tot~ls, as the district of origin was not specified nor the place (ilf well as the failure to enumerate the 90 villages In the birth nor the State. Only the entry Eastern or Gudem Agency. The State Government have directed Western Pakistan, was recorded in the column. This the Collector of Visakhapatnam to frame charges mistake could have, of course, been avoided if the against the Tahsildar and to deal with him suitably. enumerators had been given the list of districts in Similar action has been ordered by the State Govern Eastern and Western Pakistan, which was supplied ment in respect of Cheepurupalli taluk. later to the Tabulation offices. Evacuees from Burma. 13. Census towns.- -In connection with the classifi imigrants from~neighbouring States 01' districts, persons cation of certain places as towns at the 1951 Census, from Jammu and Kashmir State and even wandering .a town has been defined as including- tribes and homeless persons were recorded as displaced (1) every municipality; persons. Persons who migrated from Western and (2) all civil lines not included within municipal Eastern Pakistan before the dates given, 1st March 1947 and 15th October 1946, respectively were, also limits; treated as displaced persons. The result was that (3) every Cantonment and there was appreciable difference between the provisional (4) every other continuous collection of houses total and the final total in regard to displaced persons inhabited by not less than 5,000 persons which the in Madras State, but, fortunately, the number of State Superintendent may decide to treat as town for displaced persons in this State is very small-less census purposes. than 10,000. The districts of origin could not be/ In classifying under the last category due regard was ascertained in some cases as the persons concerned had subsequently left the places where they were enume paid to the physical characteristics ~f the residen~ial localities, bazaar, etc., and populatIOn, the relatIve rated; in these cases, the persons concerned have density of the dwellings, the importance of the place been tabulated under "West Pakistan" or "East Pakistan ", as the case may be. as a centre of trade and its historical associations, and bearing in mind that mere overgrown villages with no 15. AppOintment of special staff in districts. urban characteristics should not be treated as towns. At the 1951 Census, oilly a very limited special staff 12 specified below, was allowed for office work in (4) Tirutta,ni taluk. ,ther offices :- (5) Avanashi taluk. (1) Office of the Collector oJ Visakhapatt 20. Time selected. for census work and writing up 01 enumeration work to write up the National Register ot National Register of Citizens.-So far as this State Citizens. This resulte~ in mistakes being committed in is concerned, the time selected for the Census-which the writing up of the National Register of Citizens and is the same at all previous cynsuses-is inconvenient. in leaving some of the columns of the registers blank. Previous Superintendents have already pointed this out. The close of the financial year is the time when The considerations and facts mentioned above are· all Departments of Government and local bodies sufficient to establish the need for cltanging the date are busy. The Census enumeration has to be got of the Census at least so far as this State is concerned. done mostly on an honorary basis. It is done in this The Superintendent of Census Operations for this State mostly by village officers, teachers and other State at the 1941 Census suggested the advancement Government servants. The time selected synchro of this date to the middle of the financial year. If a nises with that for collection of Jand revenue by the change is agreed to, it would be best to choose between Revenue Department and taxes by local bodies. September and December. In the case of the former month, the objection that it is the last month for the The period February-March is also the time when first half-yearly taxes for local bodies may be raised. teachers and lecturers are busy preparing for the I would therefore suggest December, the Census time annual examination for their classes. being fixed as sunrise on 1st January. This year the writing up of the National Register of 21. Arra.ngement of records.-The Census records Citizens was an additional item introduced as a part of of 1931 and 1941 were preserved in· the Madras Record Census work. This added to the difficulties inherent Office. The lists of the records preserved, arranged in the time selected for the Census. To add to our by subjects, with the disposal number assigned noted difficulties there was extraordinary delay in the receipt against each subject, were also made available. The of paper for writing up of the National Register of bulk of the other census correspondence, which was Citizens from Calcutta. Consequently, the distri- . apparently of ephemeral interest, had been destroyed. bution of stationery for writing up the National Ten neatly bound sets of stock files of all circulars Register of Citizens was delayed till May. On account and instructions issued in connection with enumeration of the Cen ~us, the Madras Government were moved and tabulation and ten sets of another stock file to order the postponement of the Jamabandi which containing copies of all important Government Orders is usually held in February-March to ApriL At the and Memoranda bearing on the census in 1941 were time this was done, the delay in the supply of paper also left behind. I propose to leave behind for my for the National Register of Citizens was not antici 1961 successor similar neatly bound sets of all important pated. The net result of the delay in the supply of circulars and instructions issued by me and by the paper was that Jamabandi which was postponed in Registrar-General as well as copies of important the interests of enumeration work clashed with the Government Orders and Memoranda bearing on the work of writing up of the National Register of Citizens. Census. I propose to leave behind also lists of all By that time, the summer vacation also had commenced important correspondence arranged by subjects for for the schools and a humber of teachers who were the use of my successor. Census enumerators aT,d supervisors were not available. The village officers who were available naturally I directed the Charge Superintendents to prepare on enough, were anxious to do their normal work relating thick paper three typed copies of the charge lists as to J amabandi accounts which had already been finally approved by me. One copy will be preserved postponed. The result was that the writing up of permanently in the Taluk office in a bound register the National Register of Citizens could be completed of census papers relating to the taluk, the second copy during July-August and in a number of places where will be kept in a similar register to be maintained in the the teacher-enumerators were not available, section respective Collector's office separately for each taluk. writers who were quite unfamiliar with the Census The third copy has been recorded in my office and it enumeration work had to be appointed. In some will be left behind neatly bound, along with other places, the National Registers of Citizens were written census records. In respect of Madras City the copy up by the teacher-enumerators after their return to of the charge lists will be preserved in the office of the their headquarters after the summer vacation. Several Corporation of Madras and the other copy in my office. temporary teachers who were in p )sgession of the e~umeration records did not return to their posts and 22. Oonclusion.-In conclusion, I must express my Write up the National Register of Citizens relating to gratitude to the State Governments of Madras and their blocks consequent on their being ousted from Coorg and to the officers of all departments, State and service. The Charge Superintendents were put to con Central, and to the employees of local bodies, for all siderable difficulty in tracing their whereabouts and their help to me to secure the satisfactory completion securing the records. They had to employ section of the enumeration work and the writing up of the writers and others who were unconnected with the National Register of Citizens. S. VENKATESWARAN, Superintendent of Oensus Operatilm8, Madra8 and Ooorg. l(l, APPENDIX. I.-CENSUS DIVISIONS AND AGENCY. Number Number Numher Number Number Average Average Average Serial number and name of Super. of Enu. of Charge of of number of number of number of of district. visor's merator's SUperinten. Super. Enumera. houses per houses per houses per circles. blocks. dents. visors. tors. Charge Super. Enumera. Superin. visor. tor. tendent. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 1 Srikakulam 544 2,958 13 544 2,958 55,893 1,207 243 2 Visakhapatnam .. 482 2,835 15 482 2,835 41,578 1,022 185 3 East Godavari 541'1 3,005 16 548 3,005 30,585 838 164 4 West Godavari 381 2,110 11 381 2,110 30,599 857 161 5 Krishna " 389 2,173 12 389 2,173 28,775 887 155 6 Guntur .. 561'1 2,820 14 568 2,820 41,415 1,496 178 7 Nellore 414 2,495 14 414 2,495 26,452 860 144 8 Cuddapah' 270 1,736 11 270 1,736 26,526 1,042 167 9 Kurnool " 301 2,069 12 301 2,069 29,719 1,306 206 10 Bellary .. 293 1,715 14 293 1,715 19,743 910 155 11 Anantllpur 301 1,866 13 301 1,866 21,142 869 148 12 Chingleput 497 2,561 21 497 2,561 17,996 495 116 13 Madras 434 1,956 1 434 1,956 117,464 271 60 14 Chittoor ,. aUI 2,216 11 391 2,216 31,398 869 140 15 North Areot 635 3,592 18 635 3,592 26,024 984 186 16 Salem 821 4,298 14 821 4,298 46,563 861 175 17 Coimbatore 822 3,619 19 822 3,619 37,579 1,059 197 18 South Areot 643 3,609 13 643 3,609 44,226 804 154 19 Tanjore .. 664 3,635 17 664 3.635 39,970 764 192 20 Tiruchirappalli 656 3,559 15 656 3,559 46,140 1,222 246 21 Madurai " 619 3,275 14 619 3,275 41,359 985 185 22 Rama.nathapurBm 562 2,981 16 562 2,981 31,418 934 188 23 Tirnnelveli 551 3,186 12 551 3,186 48,615 1,058 209 24 The Nilgiris 168 638 8 168 638 16,825 976 228 25 Malabar .. 1,092 5,802 19 1,092 5,802 43,933 541 114 26 South Kanara 423 2,287 9 423 2,287 34,039 792 135 Madras State Total .. 13,469 72,996 352 13,469 72,996 975,976 23,909 4,431 27 Coorg State 130 503 4 130 503 11,068 423 118 Madras State and Coorg State Totllol 13,599 73,499 356 13,599 73,499 987,044 24,332 4,549 n.-NUMBER OF FORMS AND CmCUL.A.RS SUPPLIED AND USED. Other forms and Other forms and Enumeration slips. circulars used. Enumeration slips. ciTllulars used. ,----'---, .- ~ r-----"'----. Serial number and J\.{anual for Serial number and Manual for name of district. Charge ci name of district. Charge ,;, Supplied. Used. Superinten. Supplied. Used. Superinten. .! .a ::l donts and " dents and " Supervisors. 6 Supervisors. 5 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 Srik"kulam 2,551 2,331) 537 3,106 16 Salem 3,922 3.655 8g.0 4,513 2 Visakhapatnam .• 2,594 2,l78 497 2,977 17 Coimba.tol'e 3,811 3,460 841 3,800 3 East Godavari 2,829 2,.";26 564 3,155 18 South Areot 3,312 3,265 709 3,794 4 West Godavari 1,975 1,783 396 2,'l41 19 Tanjore 3,.589 3,129 681 3,818 5 Krishna 2,041 1,868 401 2,282 20 Tirllchirappalb 3,455 3,089 672 3,737 6 Guntur .. 3,089 2,963 584 2,961 21 Madurai .. 3,492 3,179 655 3,467 7 Nellole .. 2,257 ],883 428 2,628 22 Ramanathapura:r"r; 2,543 2,082 614 3,130 S Cuddapah 1,445 1,220 303 J,923 23 Tirunelveli 2,962 2,570 570 3,345 9 Kurnool .• 1,546 1,302 327 2,172 24 The Nilgiris' 459 343 291 670 10 Bellary .. 1,430 1,303 300 1,763 25 Malabar .. 5,698 4,997 1,Oll 6,093 11 Anantapur 1,560 1,394 306 1,918 26 South Kanara 1,945 1,845 463 2,401 12 Chingleput 2,307 1,932 518 2,689 27 Coorg 257 238 134 525 13 Madras 1,900 1,502 436 2,054 14 Chittoor .• 2,088 1,953 406 2,329 Total 68,411 60,994 13,962 76,501 15 North Areot 3,348 3,005 478 3,005 3 16 rt:JO>OO«:lQ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,oo.... lO~::;~~lO~l'-~~Q~ ~~~~¢~t-..~el~IOC~I:;QS ...... ,....Ir:-..O~t-d:i~~t'-lOf'"""I MO~~:.O(NeQ~~~.g ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ei~:r~5-"';ei~"; ~tt{1.Q~l.Oci~~.-..!1:N t--I"'"i¢i <::>0000000000 0000000000000 OOOOClla:>OOOOOO 00000000""'000",,,,,, OlOM"d'!~r--OC'ler;,lOtN~O .....,..01 ~ ~.-I g;~~~~~~~~a:;~~~?6 ~~~~e-:I'-; MMe-1 c-::tfN p;.OlO"'''''''O~ ... O~~~~~"'~t-"'O~ e,=,~O)~\/.)oo~O(IJ~OOQrJ;) o ~~.e!S:;j;~ g~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1>1 "" ~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o. 0 0 0 00000000000000 MOOIO~ i{)1Q"'lDlQ~:::lt Moctt~~;::::~OC()~C()Z3~!80 ~.egg~~It:l~~,..-!~~~O ¢lC>(t)t-eot-~MCI':l="=tI~t--~ ~.. ~~~~:;:~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~:~3.f5 .... .;~ "';oi~- ~ ..; ci tN ~'" ~ C'i ~ r---, ctS .--. 00 o o o o o o .... 'N,.. , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... SECTION II. Census, 1951-Madras and Coorg States-Verification of Census count in sample bouesholds selected-Review. MADRAS STATE For a statistical determination of the degree of South Kanara district and also the Agency areas in error present in the overall 0ensus count of the the districts of Srikakulam, Vis~khapatnam, East country, the Government of India circulated in April Godavari and West Godavari were excluded from the 1951, a scheme for the verification of the census scope of the scheme. count on a random sample basis for acceptancc and 2. The selection of sample blocks and households execution by State Governments. The Madras Govern was done in accordance with the instructions laid down ment accepted the scheme with certain modifications in the Central Government's scheme and the following suggested by me with special reference to the condit.ions additional instructions :- obtaining in thjs State. A copy of the :>cheme as adopted in the States of Madras and Coorg is appended "Where the number of households in a sample (Appendix I). The main modification was in Tespect of block in a rural tract is less than ten, the quotient the agency employed foi the verification work. obtained by dividing the number by two should be Accordlng to the Central Government's scheme the taken as the number of the sample household. In verification work was to be entrusted to Magistrates cases where the number of households in an urban of the 1st and 2nd Olass under the control of the Sub block (locality) is less than 50, the quotient obtained Divisional Magistrate fUllctioning as the Chief Verifi by divjding the number by two should be taken as cation Officer. This principle could not be followed the number of the sample household." in its entirety in the States of Madras and Coorg as As it was not possible to send the related sect,ions the Magistrates in the districts, where the scheme of of the National Registers to the Verification Officers, separation of the Judiciary from the Executive had the officers in charge of the Regional Tabulation Offices been given effect to were not touring officers. The were instructed to send only extracts from the National Madras Government, therefore, issued the following Register of Citizens in resp~ct of the sample households orders in regard to the agency to be employed for the in each block. The Verification Officers were required verification work :- to ente\- in column (18) of the sample verification " In all mufassal districts the Revenue Divisional form the house numbers of the three occupied houses Officer should be the Chief Verification Officer within which were nearest to and in the same block as the his Division and officers not below the rank of Deputy sample house, so that, on receipt of the sample verifica Tahsildaxs should be appointed as Verification Officers tion form in the Tabulation Office, the officer in subject to the condition, that officers who had worked charge thereof might verify by reference to the related as Supervisors at the 1951 Census or had overchecked section of the National Register of Citizens which the enumeration to any extent should not be so appoin of the three house numbers found place in the National ted, in the particular local areas, where they have Register of Citizens and which had been omitted. actually conducted any verification. In Madras City, 3. The actual verification of the census count was the Comn:rissioner of the Corporation of Madras should conducted in the months of September and October be the Chief Verification Officer and the two Tahsildars 1951. The returns received from the Tabulation and other Revenue Officers not below the rank of Officers in respect of the districts with which each was Deputy Tahsildars who are working under the Collector concerned have been tabulated and shown in Appendix of Madras and who had nothing to do with the census II. The sample verification forms relating to the census enumeration "hould be appointed as Verification tracts in the district of Krishna in the Pithapuram Officers." Tabulation Region had not been received by the Regional Tabulation Officer, befOUl he was disbanded. In Coorg State, the Chief Commissioner appointed the They were collected by the Deputy Tabsildar, Pitha· Assistant Commissioner to be the Chief Verification puraro, in respect of all the blocks except those in the Officer and the two Subedars of North and South city of Vijayawada and two other towns and sent to me. Coorg and the two Munsif Magistrates at Virajpet The figures contained in the verification forms have and Mercara as Verification Officers. been tabulated and included in the State Table (Appen The Laccadive and Minicoy islands attached to dix II). The returns relating to the other thTee districts Malabar district, the Amindivi islands attached to in that region, viz., East Godavari, West Godavari 3.4. 1S percentage omISSIon for rural tracts was 1'28. The and Guntur were also submitted by the' Deputy percentage omission for urban tracts was 1'25. Tahsildar, Pithapuram, after the Pithapuram Tabula tion Office had been wound up. (ii) The number of cases of erron~ous omission of visitors and absentees tending to under-enumeration In respect of Malabar district, the returns received gives a percentage of 0'034 for this State with 0'038 disclosed that many of the Verification Officers had for rural areas and 0'012 for urban areas. not properly grasped the instructions and t~e Deputy Superintendent in charge of the TabulatIOn Office, (iii) Omission of cases of occupied houses is Cannanore, was instructed to get the results rechecked 225 for the State. To find out how much omission in certain respects. The results have been rechecked this represents in respect of the number of houses only in respect of some of the areas and they have in the sample blocks selected I have adopted the been taken into account and revised figures have been following method :- incorporated in the State return. A scrutiny of the correspondence relating to the The number of sample households selected for sample verification done by the Verification Officers in verification in the rural areas of the State is 8,652, the Bellary Tabulation Region disclosed that some of which is about 10 per cent of the number of households the Verification Officers had not correctly grasped the in the sample blocks in these areas. In the urqan areas instructions laid down for ascertaining the errors. 1,851 sample households were selected for verification. The figures originally reported in respect of Bellary This is roughly 2 per cent of the number of households district under certain heads were revised in my in the urban sample blocks. The number of house holds in the sample blocks in rural areas is therefore offiee. (S,652X 10) or 86,520 while the number of households Thus the materials I have before me for assessing in the sample blocks in urban areas is '(1,851 X 50) the results of sample verification consist in part of or 92,550. The State average for a house in rural figures not subjected to a close scrutiny in certain areas is 1'1206 households_ The average number Tabulation Offices. of households for a house in urban area is 1'4157. In other words, every household in rural area gets on an 4. The total number of sample households selected average 0·8924 house and every household in urban for verification was 10,503 and the number of house area gets 0·7064 of a house. Applying these averages holds actually verified were 10,376 with a population to the total number of households in the sample blocks of 49,075, Eight thousand five hundered(and ninty· selected in rural areas, we get (86,520XO'8924= nine households covering a population of 40,664 were 77,210) houses and in urban areas we get verified in rural areas and the remaining 1,777 house (92,550 X 0·7064 = 65,377) houses. The total number holds with a population of 8,411 were verified in of houses in the sample blocks both rural and urban urban areas. thus comes to 142,587. The 225 houses returned The errors in enumerations under the two broad as omitted represents 0·158 of the total number of categories" Under-enumeration" and" Over-enumera houses in the sample blocks in the State. tion " disclosed by the sample verification are examined The under-enumeration error for the State will below:- therefore be 1'28 per cent under " clear cases of omis I. Under-enumeration cases consist 01- sion_" 0'034 per cent under "erroneous count (i) clear cases of omission; of visitors and absentees tending to under-enumera tion" and 0'158 per cent under omission of occupied (li) erroneous omission of visitors and absentees houses; or 1'472 per cent on the whole. in cases where they ought to have been enumerated; and II. Over-en1lmeration.-The number of fictitious (iii) total omission of occupied houses from entries reported for the State is 176 giving a percentage enumeration. of 0·36, the percentage for rural areas being 0'34 and that for the urban areas being 0'46. The number II. Over-enumeration can be the result 01- of cases of erroneous enumeration of visitors and (i) oases of fictitious entries; and absentees is 37, giving a percentage of 0'08 with (li) erroneous enumeration of visitors and equal distribution for rural and urban areas. The absentees in cases where they should not have been total over-enumeration error thus works out to a enumerated. percentage of 0'36 plus 0'08 or 0'44. I. (i) The number of clear cases of omission for all The overall enumeration error gives a resultant the districts in the State was 630 for a population of under-enumeration of 1'47 minus 0'44 or 1'03 per cent 49,075 verified giving a percentage of 1'28. The for the State as a whole. 19 The figures giving peroentage errors for the four Natural Divisions in the State worked out with reference to the available figures are given below ;- Percentage of I'.numeration errors. Under-enumeration. Over-enumeration_ ,------A------. ~-_-A--_---, Erroneous Erroneous Net count of count of under- Clear visitors Omission Fictitious visitors enUIllera- Natural division. cases of and of Total. entries. and Total. tion (-) omission. absentees oceupied absentees or tending to houses. tending to over- under- 1lllder- enumera- enumera- enumers- tion(+)_ tion. tion. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) North Madras Division _. -- Total 1-47 0-03 0·38 1-88 0-26 0·07 0'33 -1-55 Rural 1-42 0-02 0-46 1-90 0-17 0-69 0-86 -1-04 Urban -. 1·77 0·05 0·29 2'1l 0·72 0·05 0'77 -1·34 Madras-Deccan Division -- Total 2-29 0-205 2-495 0-81 0-23 1-04 -1-455 Rural 2-45 0-302 2'7152 0-71 ()<22 0'93 - 1-822 Urban -- 1'38 0·059 1'439 1·38 0-03 HI - 0'029 South Madras Division .. .. Total 0-83 0-04 0-024 0-894 0-2 0-008 0-208 - 0-686 Rural 0·78 0·05 0·037 0-867 0·2 O'OU 0-211 - 0·656 Urban -- 1-04 O-Oll 1-051 0-1 0-100 - 0-951 West Madras Division _. -- Total 1-78 0-05 0-145 1-975 0-8 0-27 1-07 - 0-905 Rural 1-85 0-05 0·17 2-07 0-7 0·25 0'95 -H2 Urban -- 1-06 0-08 1-14 1-2 0-53 1-73 + 0-59 .state __ Total 1·28 0-034 0-158 1-472 0-36 0-08 0-44 - 1-032 Rural 1-28 0-038 0·203 1-521 0·34 0·08 0'42 - HOI Urban __ 1-25 0-012 O-ll 1-372 0-46 0-07 0-53 - 0-842 The results given above have been worked out with all the members of four households in one block had reference to the figures arrived at by scrutiny and left the village, he marked them as fictitious entries. further verification of the figures originally reported But when he was asked to find out how the enumerator by Verification Officers and figures not so verified happened to record all the particulars in the census further. It was noticed that the Verification Officers questionnaire in respect of so many persons the did not correctly understand the instructions issued for Verification Officer intimated that the four families the verification of the census count and the filling up were living in those houses at the time of enumeration of the sample verification forms. The mistakes com and that he was incorrectly informed at his first visit mitted by some of the Verification Officers were the that they: had left the village more than a year ago. following ;- In another case, a Verification Officer who found (i) The Verification Officers, most of whom had that the persons whose names were recorded under a nothing to do with enumeration work, did not under particular house and household were living in some stand the distinction between house and household_ other house and not in the particular house denoted by Instead of confining the enquiry or verification to the the number recorded in the National Register of particular household selected, the Verification Officers, Citizens, wrongly treated these cases as fictitious jn many cases, took the house to be the unit and put entries. down the members of other households living in (iv) In some cases, the Verification Officers the sample house under omissions. failed to understand the significance of the expression " erroneous count of visitors and absentees" [columns (ii) In cases where they found in a household more (12) to (17) of the Verification form]. The .agures persons than those mentioned in the extract of National relating to clear caSBS of omissions m columns (r.), (7} Register of Citizens sent to them they treated the extra and (8) of the verification form were simply repeated persons as omissions without -actually finding out by them in columns (12), (13) and (14) and the entries whether those persons were present in the house during in columns (9), (10) and (il) (fictitious entries) were the enumeration period and were not enumerated repeated in columns (10), (16) and (17). elsewhere. . (v) According to the instriIctions, the Verifica (iii) In the case of persons whose names were tion Officers were required to note the numbers of the found in the extract from National Register of three nearest occupied houses in the Sample Verifica Citizens but who were not found in the house during tion Forms. It was found that in doing so some verifioation, some Verification Officers marked them Verification Officers failed to ascertain (a) whether as fictitious entries without ascertaining if those those houses were occupied at the time of enumeration, persons were living in the house during the enumeration and (b) whether they were residential houses and not period. For example, in a particular case, when the shops or institutions. The result was that shops and Verification Officer found at the time of his visit that houses that were vacant at the time of enumeration 20 were marked in column (18) of the Sample Verifi in column (1) of the National Register of Citizens the cation Forms. Such houses could not be found in entries in the National Register of Citizens in respect National Register of Citizens and were treated as of some persons were found under thl" house number omissions of occupied houses. For example, in a pre"iouil to the vne ia q hlCh they actually resided. certain Tabulatipn Region ~he number of houses so In such cases, although the inmates had all been enume reported was very large. The Verification Officer was rated and. 'brought to the Register the house number asked to find out if they were all occupied at the time of could not be found in the National Register of Citizens enumeration. As a result of further verification, it and if they happened to be among the houses adjoin was found that most of the houses not found in the ing the sample houses they would naturally be treated National Register of Citizens were either vacant or as omissions of occupied houses. consisted of shops. 5. The verification defects and difficulties mentioned There were also other difficulties in finding out above indicate that the enumeration errors disclosed whether the three occupied houses marked in column by the sample verification could not be taken at their (18) of the forms were actually omitted. In this State, face value and should be considered as exaggerations the National Register of Citizens were written in the of the real state of things, except in cases where the month of May 1951. Although clear instructions Regional Tabulation Officers were vigilant enough to were issued to the efiect that the entries in the ascertain correct figures by instituting further yerifi National l~egister of Citizens should be written in the cation. As I mentioned earlier the figures in respect order of house numbers in each ceDSUS block or stleet of the Pithapuram Tabulation Region not h'1ving in each census locality, as the case may be, these been scrutinized by the Tabulation Officer who had been instrU{ltiorls were not adhered to in some cases. In disbanded before the verification forms were received such cases, unless the Regional Tabulation Officer was should be ignored for purposes of an overall estimate vigilant enough to run through the. entire section of the results of sample verification in the State. of the National Register of Citizens, there was every In respect of the other regions the figures consist partly chance of his treating the house numbers not found of details closely scrutinised and partly of details not in their proper places as omissions. Again, either so scrutinised by the Tabulation Officers. For purposes as a result of omission on the part of the enumerator of statistics the results disclosed by the sample verifi to note the house number in the enumeration slips or as cation in the State based on the verification results of a result of failure on the part of the writer of the an the Tabulation Regions except Pithapuram, which National Register of Citizens to note the house number are given below may be adopted :- Number of Total Erroneous count sample households. persons of visitors and enume- Cases of Cases of absentees tending to ,..-----'----., rated in clear fictitious ,..---..)._---~ Omission Selected. Verified. verified omission. entry. under. over- of house enumeru- enumBra- occupied holds. tion. tion. houses. (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) STATE (excluding Pithapuram Begion, Total 8,587 8,519 4{),451 534 163 16 37 80 viz., East Godavari, West Rural 7,183 7,137 33,868 453 129 15 31 65 Godavari, Krishna and Urban 1,40i 1,382 6,583 81 34 1 6 15 Guntur). Percentage of enumeration errors for the above. Under-enumeration. Over-enumeration. __---____A.------, , --, Net ErI'oneous ErrollAou8 percent. count of count of age under Cases of visitors Omission Cases of visitors enumera- clear and of Total. fictitious and Total. tion omission. absentees occupied entry. absentees (-) or [col. (5)]. tending houses. [col. (6)]. tending to oyer- to under [col. (9)]. over- enumera- enumera· enumera- tion(+). tion. tion. [col. (7)]. [col. (8)]. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) STATE (except Pithapuram Region, viz., Total 1-32 0·04 0·10 H6 0·43 0·09 0'52 -0·94 East Godavari, West Godavari, Rural 1·34 0·04 0·03 HI 0·38 0·09 0·47 -0·94 Krishna and Guntur). Urban 1·23 0·02 0·07 1·32 {l·51 0·09 0.60 -0·72 21 In my view even these results should be considered tion and that Food Rationing has not affected the as exaggerating the true position. census count. In Madras City in which food rationing 6. In view of the small size of the sample taken is in force, the sample verification has not disclosed up for verification and in view of the mistakes com even a single case of fictitious entry. mitted by Verification Officers in conducting the 8. The lesson I would draw from this sample verification, I consider it unsafe to proceed to revise verification is that we can get completely reliable the population figures on the basis of the results of results from such enquiries only if the staff entrusted sample verification. The Madras State has shown a with it is drilled well and the indifferent persons are population increase of 14'42 per cent during 1941-51. weeded out. It is clear that all the Chief Verification The inflow of displaced persons into this State has been Officers did not train the Verification Officers suffici negligible. Part of the increase in the decade cd-n be ently and makc sure. I am taking this up with the attributed, to restricted emigration to places like State Government. Ceylon, Burma. a.nd Malaya during the decade on account of uncongenial conditions there. I have COORG STATE. every reason to think that the census count of heads in The sample verification returns in respect of Coorg Madras State has been quite reliable and that errors State disclose no omissions or fictitious or erroneous in the enumeration should be negligible-much less entries but three houses were returned as omitted. than those disclosed by the sample verification. These omissions relate to rural areas and if taken at 7. One significant fact disclosed by the verification their face value would indicate a percentage under is that the net eITor is on the side of under~enumera-' enumeration of 1'045 for the State. APPENDIX 1. (Annexure II) for each census block, in accordance with instructions given at the back of the form. As soon as SCHEME FOR CARRYING OUT THE SAMPLE all the forms relating to a Verification Area are completed, VERIFICATION OF'THE 1951 CENSUS COUNT. he should attach each form to the related section of the 1. General.-The 1951 Census count will be verified National Register, and despatch all the forms and sections throughout the Madras State by an enquiry conducted to the Chief Verification Officer concerned. on a random sample basis in the manner explained in this 4. Duties of Chief Verification Officers and Verification scheme. The scope of this enquiry will be stricti} limited Officers.-(i) It will be the duty of the Chief Verification to determining the percentage of error, if any, which is Officer to distribute the work among Verification Officers, present in the census count, either in the form of under to instruct them and satisfy himself that the instructions enumeration or in the form of over-enumeration. This have been correctly carried out and to return the verifica· enquiry will be limited to the ascertaiument of the identity tion foms together with the related sections of the National of persons, and will not be 'concerned with the accuracy Register to the Tabulation Office, duly filled up and also or otherwise of answers to any of the census questions. to submit a brief report on the manner in which the verifica· tion was carried out and the significance of the results. 2. Selection oj Sample Households.-(i) In rural tracts, A copy of the list distributing the forms and related one VILLAGE CENSUS BLOClt will be chosen out of sections of the National Register of Citizens among the every hundred blocks; and in each of the selected census Verification Officers, together with their names and blocks, every tenth household will be chosen. In urban designation should be communicated to the Deputy tracts, one TOWN CENSUS BLOCK will be chosen Superintendent 6f the Census Tabulation Office concerned out of every twenty blocks; and in each of the selected for watching whether the records are returned intact by the blocks, every fiftieth household will be chosen. Thus, Verification Officers. in every tract (whether rural or urban) the sample chosen for verification will represent approximately one in one (ii) It will be the duty of each Verification Officer to thousand of the total. visit every household as specified in the Sample Verification Form personally, make all enquiries necessary for the (ii) Selection of blocks on the foregoing basis will be purpose of ascertaining whether there are any cases ef made from lists of census blocks; and selection of house "clear omissions"," fictious entry" or " erroneous holds from each census block, will be made from that count of visitors and absentees" in each household, fill section of the National Register of Citizens which relates up the verification form in accordance with instructions to the census block. at the back of the form, and return the papers to tho Chief (iii) The officer.in-charge of each Census Tabulation Verification Officer together with a brief report. If, on Office will be responsible for selecting the sample house. visiting a sample household, it is ascertained that the holds for every tract in his region. Detailed instructions householder has left the house permanently that fact for ensuring the random character of the selection are should be noted against the household in the Sample appended. (Annexure 1.) Verification Form. The household, in question, will be 3. Sample Verification Forms.-Thc Officer-in-charge excluded from the scope of verification. of the Tabulation Office should mark (with his initials) (iii) The foregoing will complete the verification of the selected households, as entered in the section of the enumeration of individuals in households. It is necessary National Register of Citizens which relates to the Census also to verify whether any occupied houses in the block block. He should prepare a Sample Verification Form escaped enumeration. For this purpose, the Verification 22 Officer should (as soon as he has oompleted the vermcation in the Register. Mark that household for the sample and mark also every fiftieth household after the fifSt sample. of a sample household) ascertain the house number of In csses where the number of households is less than 50 the three occupied houses which are nearest to the sample quotient obtained by dividing the number by 2 should be taken as house, and enter the number in column (18) of the verifica the number of the sample household. tion form. THE VERIFICATION OFFICER SHOULD NOTE.-The method of seleation of sample blocks and sample NOT CONCERN HIMSELF WITH ANY HOUSE OTHER households, described above. will have to be adopted carefully THAN THE THREE NEAREST OCCUPIED HOUSES with reference to the house numbering systems in force in this AND SHOULD NOT ASCERTAIN THE NUMBER OF State. The following instructions should therefore, be carried PERSONS IN SUCH HOUSES. out under the personal supervision of the Deputy Superintendent before the sample blocks and the sample households are selected for every tract :- 5. Tabulation of results.-On receipt of the sample (1) The National Register of Citizens have been written up, verification form in the Tabulation Office, the officer in in resl'ect of sll sreas. separately for each looal unit, viz., each charge of the Tabulation Office should verify from the numbered block in all areas where "block system" has been related seotion of the National Register of Citizens whether adopted, and for each numbered street in each numbered locality the three house numbers entered against each household in all areas where "locality street" system nas Deen adopted. The sample "village or town census block" to be selected will. in column (IS) of the sample verification form find place therefore. refer not only to the numbered block but also to the in the Register. If he finds any of those house numbers numbered locality mentioned above. For eooh numbered block has been omitted he should put a cross mark against that there will be only one register, and for each numbered locality house number. In respect of the other honse numbers there will be as many registers as there are streets in that locality. Also in the case of village where neither of these systems has been in column (I8} which are fOlllld in the related section of adopted, there will be only one register for that village. Tho fust the National Register of Citizens he should put It tick step. is, therefore. to bring together all the National Registers mark. Thereafter he should record in coluron (18) 'Nil' of all the villages or panchayats (other than census toWns) in a rural or ... " ...... , (number of houses) omitted, as the tract, all the National Registers of all blocks and localities of all case may be. After the figures in the have boon towns in a non.city urban tract and all the National Registers forms of all the looal units comprising a city tract. By" urban tract" filled up they should be compiled and tabulated districtwise is meant a non·city urban as well as a city tract. In the case of a for each Tabulation Region in the form shown in Annexure rural tract, the National Registers of all the blocks in each village or III. Copies of these tables should be submitted to the panchayat should be arranged in the serial order of block numbers Superintendent of Census Operations, M(Ldras and Coorg, and the National Registers of all the villages and 'panchayats in the serial order of the location code numbers assigned to them. If the as well as the Registrar-General, India, for consolidation rural tract consists of more than one mluk. then the serial order for the State and All.India. of the code nwnbe~s given to the talukli! should also be obsel.'Ved, In the case of a non.city urban tract. the National Registers of all blocks or localities in e. town should be arranged in the serial order of numbers allotted to the blocks or localities, the registers of all the streets belonging to each "locality" having been arranged ANNEXURE I. in the serial order of the street numbers, The National Registers of all the towns in the tract should then be arranged in the serial Selection of Sample Households. order of the code numbers assigned to the towns. If the non.city urban tract consists of more than one taluk the s.erial ordor of the Rural tracts.-One vill;l.ge census block should be chosen out of code numbers allotted to the taluks should also be observed. In every hundred blocks in each rural tract and in each selected block the Cllil6 of It city trMt, tho National Registers of all the IO()Rlities every tenth household should be marked. Take the number of should bEl arranged in the serial order of the locality numbers. census blocks in the traot and divide it by hundred. Add one the registers of all the streets belonging to each locality having been to the remainder :,fter dtvision a~d this wi~l give the first sample arranged in the serial order of the street numbers. block. The sectIon of the NatIonal RegIster which relates to that block should be taken for marking sample households. Every (2) There may be some ca.'l8s of city traets where the number of hundredth block from the sample block should then be selected blocks is less than twenty-Ootacamund city tract, for e",ample. for the srunple and the relevant sections of the National Regt.ter which contains only thirteen blocks. In these cases the total should be taken out for marking sample households. number of blocks should as a special case be divided by 2 and the quotient obtained should be taken as th() number of the sample Every tenth house should be marked for sample in each of block. the National Register taken out. Take the number of hotlBBholds in e8?h Register and divide that number by.ten and add one to the (3) The second step is to numb~r the blocks and localities remamder. The number thus arrived at is the first sample house. IN A SINGLE SERIES FOR THE ENTIRE TRACT, rural or hold in eaoh Register. Mark that household for the sample and (non-city) urban-this will not be necessary in the case· of city mark alao every tenth hous3hold after the first sample household. tracts ItS the numbers of blocks or localities will be in one series. In cases where the number of households is less than 10 the The block number or the locality number will be found at the left quotient obtained by dividing the number by 2 should be taken hand top corner of the National Register. The serial numoor should as the number of the sample household. be written as a denominator just below the number already entered again~t "block or locality numb~r " in t~? National Registe~; U"ban tracts.-One town consus block should be chosen out of Duly one serial number should be glv~n to a " Block or Loca~lty" every twenty blocks in each urban tract: and in each of the selected irrespective of the number of streets 1Il such block or loca.lity • blocks every fiftieth household should be chosen. Divide the We are here concerned only with" block or locality" and not with number of c~nsus blocks in an urban tract by twenty and add one the streets. The sample blooks or localities should then be soleoted, to the rernamder. The number thus got will bo tho first sample according to the method suggested. WITH REFERENCE TO block. The sectIOn of the National Register which relates to that THESE DENOMINATOR NUMBERS. block .should be taken out for marking sample households. Every twentieth block from the first sample block should then be selected (4) The third step is to mark the sample households in the for th() sarople and the relevant sections of the National Register sample blocks selected. If the sample block selecte~ is a locality should be taken fOf roarking sample households. all the registers for all the streets should be ta.ken mto account. As in the case of blocks, all households in all the streets should be E:very fiftieth h~usehold should be marked for sample in each numbered in one series for the entire locality. This serial nnmber sectlOn of the Register taken out. Divide the number of house. should be written as a denominator just below the number already holds in each section by fifty and add one to the remainder. The entered in column (3) of the National Register of Citizens and the IIUIllber thus got will give the number of the fust sarople household samples marked with reference to these denominator numbers. 23 Al'iNEXultE II. 1951 Or:n&tt8 arJ'Un~S.a'!l'ple Verification Form., ' ~ . Number of CensUs Tra.ot ...... Number and name of Distriat •...... Description of Tract ...... Number and name of Tehsil...... • _ .. Village Number of CeI18us Block ...... Number and name of Town ...... '" Ward Erront-ous count of visitors and Numherof absentees. pel'l!OIlS actually Number of cases Number of CBfleS Number of House and enumerated of cle8r of fiatitious Number of " OmiB8ion of .. Serial household in sample errors tending errors tending omission. entry. to under oocupied number_ number.* households. to over_ houses. enumer8tion. enumeration. ,.....---A----. ~--'---. r----A---.., c----'-----, P M F P M F P M F P M F ,----''---- (1) (2) P M F (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (ll) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) * Th d u be the distinguishing letter for household and the serial number (or denominator number) of the selected hOlJS!ehold, lIIl given (3) of the National Register, shOUld he written in this column. In the case of locality, tl)e street number shOUld also be notedi~ c~f~n::(l)rto before house number. I n8lruction8 for filling the Sampk Verification Form. "(iii) Occasionally, you may find a visitor in a house who The headings of the form and colunms (1) to (5) of.the form should does not normally reside there. You should enquire from him. be filled in by the Officer-in-charge of the TabulatIOn O~ce.. The when he left his house and when he expects to be ba.ok there. headings should be filled with .re~ere~ce to the details ill !he Do not enumerate him if he left his house on or after the 9th National Register of Citizens, delrrmtation of tract for. tahulatlOn February or expects to go back there before sunrise on the 1st UJ'poses and details of the Census block. The serIal number March. If, however, he is away from his house throughout the ~f the household should be written in column (I) and the house enumeration period and has not been enumerated anywhere else. and household number in column (2); ~he house~old num.bers you should emumerate him at the house where you find him. being written in order of their appearance ill the National ReglBt.er ...... of Citizens. Columns (3) to (5) shoul~ be fille<;l_from the details ... for the household in the National Register of CItizens. '" "Final eheek.-You should revisit every house in'" your When these columns are filled, the Officer-in-charge of the block and carry out a final check during the :first three days of Tabulation Office should attest the form. March. The object of this second visit i~ to bring your enumeration up to the reference date. Columns (6) to (17) oithe form should be filled by the Verification Officer. * * * * * 2. Oolumns (6) to (8) (Olearomi88'iom).-These columns relate ~ * non-enumeration of persons who are members of the ill "If you happen to find any visitor who has not been house~old enumerated anywhere else during the period of enumeration question and who were actually prese~t in t~at househ?ld durmg the you should enumerate him also." , enumeration poriod. [The name (illcluding father s name, sex and age of such pe~sons 8ho~d be noted in the relevant. extract (ii) ErroneoU/l count tf,nding to under-enumerotion._Non_ of the National RegISter relatmg to the m8rk~d h~useheld ill ques enumeration of persons who were moving about during the period tion). and the new entries attested by the ":erificatlon Offic~r.l ~e of enumeration and who should have neen enumerated in the house. number of such persons (if any) a.s a.scertamed by the Verlfic~tIOn hold in question according to the instruc!;ions is, prima facio, an Officer should be noted in columns (6) to (8) of the Sample Verifica erroneous count tending to undtli'-enumerotion. If the Verification tion Form. If there are no such persons " Nil" should be entered in these columns. Officer finds such a ca.se, it should be noted as an erroneous count in columns (12) to (14), uuless he is satisfied th8t the person in question wa.s actually enumerated el80where. In the absence of erroneous 3. Ooiwmntl (9) to (11) (Fiditiou.. entry).-:These c<;,lunms relate an count, " Nil" should be written against oolumns (12) to (14). to purported enumeration in the household m 9uestlon of person who never existed; or the purported enumeratIon of real I?eraons (iii) Erroneous count tending to over-enumeration.-Enumeration. who did not normally reside in or visit the ho~sehold .durmg ~he in the household in question of persons who were moving about enumeration period. (Such names, together WIth entrIes relatmg during the poriod of enumeration and who shOuld not have been to them, should be crossed out from the r~leva~t extract of the enumerated in that household according to the instructions ~ National Register and attested by the VerificatIOn Office~.) ~ha prima facie, an erroneous ClJunt tending to over· enumeration. If the number of such porsons. if any, as ascertained by the VerifiCt;ttlOn Vorification Officer finds such a case, it should be noted as on Officer should be given in colunms (9) to (II) ofthe Sample VerIfica erroneous count in columns (15) to (17), uulesa he is satisfied that tion Form. If there are no such persons" Nil" should be entered the person in question WIl8 not enumerated anywhere 618(;). In th& in these columns. absence of an erroneous count," Nil " should be written against columns (15) to (17). 4. Oolumns (12) to (17) (Erroneous count of visitors and absentees)_ (i) OO'l"l'ect count.-Census instructions regarding the correct method of enum()rating absentees and visitors are extracted below :_ 5. Oolumn (18) (Omission of occupied houaes).-The Verification Officer should (as soon as he has completed the verification of a "(ii). . . enquire whether there is any ~rson wh~!s sample household) ascertain the house numbers in respect of three normally resident in tho house but is absent at the tune you Vll31t occupied houses which are nearest to the sample house and enter the house. All such persons should also be enumerated, uuless the numbel'l! in column (18) of the verification form. The Verifica_ they left the house before the 9th February 1951 and are not ti(Y(l Officer should not concern himaelf with any house other than the 4lxpooted to come back to the house until after 1st Mareh 1951. three nearest occupied 1wU8e8 and s/wuld not aaceriain 1M number oj ~80na in 8UCh hcu8es. 4 24 To.bulation Region ...... ••..... '" Erroneous count of visitors and "'ill .... Number of absentees. Number of peI'8OIlll actually Number of cases Number of Cil8e8 r--- ~ ! of clear Number of §;:I t! sample enu:merated in of fictitious Number of c._. 0 1"'40 C> .0 District. hons!!· verified Il&lDple omillBion. entry. errors tending errors tending Qill'<: holds. households. wunder. to over. .~ 'i ~.: enumeration . enumeration. j ~.g. "i .---'----. ~ ,.---...'--'---' ·C Seleot. Veri· P M F P M F P H F P M F P M F ~"O g C> lZl ed. fled. Z' {I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (U) (12) (13) (If) (Iii) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) 1 District A - General •• Rural Urban ~ District B Genera1 .• Rural Urban APPENDIX II 26 APPEN 1951 CENSUS CoUNT-SAHPLE Number of sample Number of persons actually Number of cases of olaar Name of di8tri(lt. households. enlllll6X&ted in vllrified omission sample households. r-- Selected. Vermed. Persons. Males. Females. Persons. Males. Females. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) JlABRAS STATB TOTAL 10,508 10,878 49,075 24,558 24,517 830 309 321 Rural 8,652 8,599 40,664 20,306 20,358 512 245 26'1 Urban 1.851 l,7'l7 8,411 4,252 4,159 118 64 54 S'12 Hortb Madras Division 3,090 3,031 13,897 6,996 8,901 205 99 108 Rural 2,516 2,509 11,496 5,772 5,724 152 '16 76 Urban 5Ue 522 2,Wl 1,224 1,177 53 23 30 1 SRIKAKULAM TOTAL .. 382 382 1,815 888 927 19 7 12 Rural 3M 31i1. 1,700 829 871 16 6 10 Urban 38 38 115 59 56 3 1 2 1A VISAKHAPATNAM TOTAL .. 463 463 1,844 936 908 31 13 18 Rural 402 402 1,556 799 757 27 10 17 Urban 61 61 28B 137 151 4 3 1 2 EAST GODAVARI TOTAL 485 485 2,339 1,191 1,148 9 4 5 Rural 3'19 379 1,871 962 909 'I 4 3 Urban 106 106 468 229 239 2 2 3 WEST GODAVARI TOTAL 391 391 1,755 877 878 27 II 16 Rural 295 295 1,296 647 649 17 B 9 Urban 96 96 469 230 229 10 3 7 4 KRISHNA TOTAL 404 349 1,661 821 840 24 12 12 Rural 291 286 1,351 656 695 8 4 4 Urban 113 63 310 165 145 16 B 8 .'i GUNTUR TOTAl, .. 636 632 2,869 1,461 1,408 36 17 19 Rural 504 /j02 2,278 1,147 1,131 2'1 12 15 Urban 132 130 591 314 277 9 :; 4 6 NELLORE TOTAL 329 329 1,614 822 792 59 35 24 Rural 291 291 l,4U '132 '112 50 32 18 Urlicm 38 3B no 90 80 9 ;] 6 3'64 Madras Dec,an DIvision 996 996 4,800 2,403 2,397 110 55 55 Rural B53 853 4,07'1 2,054 2,023 100 47 53 Urban 143 143 723 349 3U 10 8 2 7 CUnDAPAH TOTAL 247 247 1,191 ii91 600 68 34 34 Rural 236 236 1,141 567 57l 60 28 32 Urban 11 11 00 24 26 8 6 2 TOTAL 258 8 KURNOOL 258 1,160 387 573 16 8 8 Rural 204 204 929 476 453 16 8 8 U"ban .. 54 51 231 111 120 \ TOTAL 9 BELLARY 233 233 1,132 ;";56 576 15 7 8 Rural 187 187 891 UO 451 .14 6 8 Urban 46 46 241 116 125 1 1 10 ANANTAPUR TOTAL 258 ~58 1,317 669 648 II 6 5 Rural 226 226 1,116 571 545 10 5 5 Urban 32 32 201 98 103 1 1 5·21 South Madras Division 5,257 5,217 23,789 11,913 11,876 197 102 95 Rural 4,229 4,206 19,068 9,515 9,553 148 73 75 Urban 1,028 1,011 4,'121 2,398 2,323 49 29 20 11 MADRAS TOTAL .. 9l 91 479 258 221 Rural ...... Urban 91 91 479 25~ 221 1 1 27 DIX U. V ERD'IOAlI'IO l'i-DISTRIOT RETURNS. Erroneous oount of visitors and absentees. Numborof cases of Number of cases of fictitioUB entry. Number of errors tending to under- Number of elTOl'S ten 1 1 2 2 7 3 4 5 1 1 2 2 '1 3 3 " 2 22 II 11 7 11 6 Ii Ii 11 Ii 6 2 3 2 1 14 Z 2 10 1 1 4 il "I I, 6 4 2 1 34 4 Z 2 24 2 2 1 1 10 4 3 1 86 2 1 1 60 2 2 56 2 1 1 1 J, 1 •4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 39 23 18 11 5 It 28 29 18 11 9 4 Ii 23 10 Ii Ii 2 1 1 6 29 17 12 3 2 1 13 22 14 8 1 1 13 '/ 3 4 2 1 1 4, 4, 6 2 2 6 2 2 1 5 2 3 'I :; 2 6 2 4, 3 1 2 Ii 2 3 3 1 2 1 .. 1 49 24 25 10 5 6 2 2 18 J4 23 21 10 Ii ,i 2 2 11 Ii 1 ,J 4 28 APPEN 1951 CENSUS OOUNT-SAMPLE VERIFICA.TION Number of sample Number of p&rsona actually , Number of ca8l\s of clear Name of district. households. enumerated in verifl~d omission. sample households, .----'-----; r-- Selected. Verified. Persons. Males. Females. Persons, Mal6ll, Females. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 12 CHmGLEPUT TOTAL 292 292 1,405 716 689 1 Rural 226 22/J 1,094 570 524 ,. Urban 66 66 311 146 165 1 1 13 OHITTOOR TOTAL 232 232 1,1I2 580 532 33 19 U Rural 206 206 999 626 4'14 25 14 11 Urban 26 26 113 {j{j 52 8 6 3: 14 NORTH AROOT TOTAL " 420 420 2,177 1,086 1,091 6 3 3 Rural 346 346 1,752 867 885 5 3 2' ., 71f' Urban .. " 74 425 219 ' '206 1 1 15 SALEM TOTAL 558 558 2,602 1,324 1,278 10 6 4 Rural 544 544 2,529 1,290 1,239 10 6 10 Urban 14 14 73 34 39 16 OOIMBATORE TOTAL 551 537 2,371 1,188 1,183 35 17 18, Rural 429 419 1,864 901 963 31 16 15 Urban 122 118 50'1 28'1 220 4 1 ;;- 4.73 17 SOUTH AROOT TOTAL 473 2,116 1,060 1,056 2 2 Rural 429 429 1,930 954 978 2 ::- Urban 44 44 186 106 80 18 TANJORE TOTAL 592 592 2,663 1,345 1,318 16 9 7 Rural 499 499 2,212 1,123 1,089 16 9 7 Urban 93 93 451 222 229 19 TIRUCHIRAPALLI TOTAL 582 582 2,544 1,300 1,244 19 6 U Ru,.al 616 616 2,283 1,173 1,110 17 5 1ft· Urban 67 67 281 127 134 2 1 1 20 MADURAI TOTAL 576 567 2,476 1,209 1,267 35 22 13 Rural 426 422 1,851 888 956 17 6 11 Urban 160 146 622 311 311 18 16 2' 390 21 RAMANATHAPURAM TOTAL .. 375 1,628 784 844 32 14 18 Rural 278 289 1,132 ,540 592 20 10 10 Urban 112 106 496 244 252 12 4 ;t' 22 TIRUNELVELI TOTAL 500 498 2,216 1,063 1,153 7 5 2 Rural 331 331 1,419 674 745 5 4 1 Urban 169 167 797 389 408 2 1 1 1,160 1,182 4..23 West Madr.s Division 6,589 3,246 3,343 118 53 66· Rut'al 1,054 1,031 6,023 2,985 3,058 112 49 106 101 63 Urban 566 281 285 8 4 2' 23 THE NILGIRIS TOTAL" 72 64 240 128 112 4 4 Rural 47 41 162 86 66 3 3 Urban 25 23 88 42 46 1 1 846 24 MALABAR TOTAL 846 4,949 2,448 2,501 94 37 57 Rut'al 787 ~87 4,581 2,262 2,3}.Q 89 34 59 ,59 55 Urban 368 186 182 5 3 ;t' 25 SOUTH KANARA TOTAL 242 222 1,400 670 730 2Q 12 220 203 1,290 617 8 Rural 673 20 12 8 Urban 22 19 110 53 57 COORG STATE. 4·25 Cowl DIvision. !6 COORG TOTAL 26 26 148 78 70 RUMf 23 1]3 13~ 69 63 U,.ban 3 3 16 II 7 nIX II-cont. -DISTRICT RETrrBNs-cont. Erroneous count of visitors and absentees. Numoor of caeas of Numoor of cases of fictitious entry. Number of errors tending to under Number of errors tending to over- omission enumeration. enumeration. of occupied r---.---- houses. Parsons. Males. Females. }fales. Females. Persons. Males. Females. (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (IS) (19) 1 I .. 1 1 2 2 <> 2 ~ 4 Z /j Z 3 4 4, 2 2 1 1 I 1 I 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 14, 3 11 4 10 3 7 4 4 4 I 1 15 9 6 1 I 1 15 9 6 1 1 1 4, 1 3 /, 1 3 6 5 1 1 i /j 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 7 2 Z 2 1 1 4 3 2 2 It 2 50 28 24 3 3 8 4 4 19 43 20 23 3 3 :; 2 3 16 7 6 1 3 2 1 3 .2 22 2() 2 2 4, 1 3 II 38 18 ZO 2 2 /, 1 3 8 4 4 3 8 4, 4, 1 1 4 3 1 8 5 2 3 1 1 1 1 8 J 2 1 3 2 1 3 8 SECrI()l(' at The National Registers of Citizeos-VeriOcation of sample'registers and comparison with record of Dnal pop-qlation figUres-Revillw. - The Madras Government directed in their ordex No. . '. (3) Thl).rule that the entries in the register:should 369, Public (Elections), d!tted 15th January 1951, that be in the order of house numbers was not adhered to, the National Registers of Citizens ,~hould be written in some cases. up imrne(liately after tbe Census of 1951 was iaken. (4) In some cases, inmates of institutions and It ~as also decided that the writing up of the registers h9useless persons were not put in separate sections and, the supervision of that work should be done by of the register. the respective enumerators and supervisors '" ho conducted or test-checked the enumeration ciuring (5) Serial numbers for households in each census February-March 1951. A copy of the instrqctions block had not been entered in some cases. issued on the subject to Charge Superintendents, The Tabulation Officers who scrutinized tho Registers, Supervisors and enumerators is appended to this have however stated that the defects mentiOned above review (Annexure I): have occurred only in stray cases and that they do not 2. There was delay in the ·receipt of paper and the affect the utility of the registers for the purposes printing of the heading forms required for the writing intended. . up of the National Registers. Consequently the work was' actually taken up at the end of April and com 4. Sample verification of thp populfJ,tion figures' pleted in the month of August 1951. according to National Registt'-rs of Oitizens with those of the Primary Census Abstract.-Even before the M. far as possible the work was a,ttended to by the receipt of Registrar-General's Circular No. 27/5/51-RG., enumerators concerned as originally planned. But dated 6th August 1951, suggesting a sample verification in certain cases where the enumerators happened to be of the population figures according to National school-teachers who had left the station on account of Registers of Citizeus with those of the relevant the mid-summer vacation or village karnams who Primary Census Abstracts, instructions had been were preoccupied with the work of jamabandi settle issued by me to all. Tabulation Officers requiring ment, the work was entrusted by the Charge them to compare the population figures of each' Census Superintendents concerned to special writers employed tract obtained by counting the number of entries in for .the purpose. The enumerators and section the relevant National Registers of Citizens with the writers employed in the writing up of the National figures obtained by sorting the slips for Sorter's Registers were paid remuneration at the local daily ticket (0', for the same area. This was done with rates fixed with reference to the number of names a ,view to determining the margi~ of copying error copied. to be taken into account in assessing the results 3. The N ational ~gisters of Citizens in the States of obtained from the sample verification of the· census Madras and Coorg were written up with reference to count. In almost all the Tabulation Offices, the'count the entries made in the enumeration slips. As far as iug of the entries in the National Registers of Citizens possible, the instructions issued for the writing up waR done along with the work of gathering fjgures of the registers were adhered to. But owing to the for filling up columns (4), (5) and (9) to (12) of the fact, that the work which was commenced late had Primary Census Abstract. Cent per cent of the entries to be completed quickly in order that the commence in the National Registers of Citizens have heen ment of sorting operations in Tabulation Offices counted in respect of the districts in six of the might not be delayed and, that in' some cases the Tabulation Regions in the State of Madras. In one work had to be got done· by persons other than those ~ion, the c.ounting of registers was done strictly who had done the enumeration, some defects, in, accordanc~ with the sample basiB indicated' In the mostly of a minor character, were f01lnd to have been Rogistrar-General's Circular referred to above. In co:mmitted. 'the defects noticed by the Tabulation th,e remaining region t.\le countin~ of the entries in Officers were the following :- tIie National Registers of Citizens was done on the sample basis for certain tracts and on 100 p~ cent (1) House numbers were found to have been basis for the remaining tracts. The results of the incorrectly entered or omitted in a few cases. comparison of the population figures according to (2) The rule that the entries relating to each National Register of Citizens with those according house-numbering block should be put in a separate to the Primary Census Abstract are embodied i. volume was not adhered to in some cases. Annexure II appended to this review. 31 The results disclose that in the Madras State the districts and in which sample registers alone were population figures according to the National Registers counted after all the tabulation work was over, the of Citizens is less by 0'39 per cent than the final percentage difference was found to be. nil in one population figures obtained from the corresponding district, 0'02 in another district, 0'03 in a third district Primary Census Abstracts. In the State of Coorg and 0'05 in respect of the fourth district. I am, the deficit is 0'52 per cent. I have reasons to consider therefore, of the view that in regard to the National however that these figures 0'39 per cent and 0'52 Registers of Citizens in the States of Madras and Coorg per cent are exaggerated figures and that the copying the margin of copying error might be taken as negli omissions should really be much lower than the gible and that· the registers can be taken as very figures indicate. In the first place, the enumerators nearly a true picture of the enumeration slips as far as and section-writers employed for writing up the popul&tion figures are concerned. Mistakes in regard National Registers of Citizens on the basis of remuner to house numbers, household numbers, etc., referred ation calculated with reference to the number of to in paragraph 3 above do exist and they can be names copied had no motive for making any deliberate rectified in course of time. omissions. On the other hand they had every incentive to bring to book all the enumeration slips 5. A comparison has also been made between the placed before them. population figures obtained by counting the entries in the National Registers of Citizens relating to the One of my Regional Tabulation Officers who villages in rural areas and localities in urban areas, personally checked the counting of the entries in the in which households were sleeted for the sample National Registers of Citizens made by the Sorters verification of census count with the figures rec()rded at the outset found that the sorters had made gross in the Primary Census Abstracts for those areas. mistakes in counting. The process adopted by the These figures are given in Armexure III. The figures sorters was to count the number of entries for males disclose an overall omission in National Regis~rs and females separately for each page and note the of Citizens of 0'42 per cent for Madras State and 0'7 figures down on the page itself. After all the pages per cent for the Coorg State. My remarks above in had been dealt with in that way, the figures recorded regard to the figures of percentage omissions in on each page were entered on a slip of paper for Annexure II apply with equal force to the figures totalling. While doing so, the figures recorded on gathered for purposes of Annexure III, viz., that the some pages were irildvertantly omitted to be taken margin of copying error should actually be much less into account for totalling and sometimes wrong totals than that, indicated by the figures. The net result of had also been made. In some cases the entries the comparison of the entries in the National Registers that had been made on the backside of certain pages of Citii;ens with the population figures in the Primary with reference to the instructions had been omitted Census' Abstracts is of course one of "omission of to be taken into account by the sorters. The result names in the National Registers of Citizens." These invariably was an under-count. omissions will operate to reduce correspondingly the Again, in regard to the counting of enumeration under-enumeration error disclosed by the sample slips in the course of sorting for Sorter's ticket '0' verification of census count which was based on the the sorters were very careful in view of the fact that entries in the National Register of Citizens and the counting was to be subjected to a second check confirm still further the accuracy of the enumeration by the Compiler-checker. But in the case of the work in the States of Madras and Coorg. National Registers of Citizens no such second counting was possible. Had this been done, I am sure that the S. VENKATESWARAN, difference would have been narrowed down further. Superintendent of Oenslts Operations, In one Tabulation Region which consisted of four Madras and Ooorg. ANNEXURE I. the lines. The horizontal lines should be drawn in pencil,. Thus on one side of the paper you will have 17 columns with (i) INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS FOR WRITING UP 25 lines for making 25 entries. The back side of the paper THE NATIONAL REGISTER. need not be ruled except when entries have actually to btl 1. Paste the printed heading slip at the top of the inner made there. Repeat this process on all the sheets to be side of the wrapper, so that it can be folded down, when written. the register is closed. Place one sheet of paper below the headings and extend the vertical lines representing the 2. A separate register should be written for every local columns along the length of the paper allowing exactly unit recognized under the house.numbering scheme. The the space as allowed in the heading slip. You will thus local unit will thus be an entire village or panchayat which have 17 columns on the paper corresponding to the columns has not been split up into blocks or localities under the in the heading. These vertical lines should be drawn in house-numbering scheme. Where blocks have been formed ink. Then draw 25 lines horizontally along the width each numbered block will be a separate local unit. Where of the paper leaving half an inch at the top and another the locality.stl'€)et system has been adopted, each numbered half inch at the bottom and half inch space in between street will be a separate local unit. 5 32 3. Fill up the heading slip by noting the name of the The former entry will accordingly be copied from the first district, taluk, village/panchayat/township/municipality/ answer given in the enumeration slip, while the name cantonment. . The entry 'panchayat' should be scored within brackets will be copied from the answer recorded out and the word 'township' written in the heading, if the against the second part of question No.5. register relates to a township. In the case of a village or panchayat, where the buildings have been numbered in The names of the persoIlfl in each household should one series without being split up into blocks or localities, be entered in column 4- in the order in which they are the block number or the locality number need not be found in the enumeration slip pads. It should be clearly noted in the heading slip. Otherwise, the block number ~oted that the enumeration slip pads should be kept or the locality and street number, as the case may be, of mtact and should not be broken up, nor should any slip the local unit should be entered in the heading slip. The be detu,ched therefrom or in any other way interfered with_ ellumeru,tor should prepare the register separately for each Entries should be made in column 4 for all the of the local units comprising his enumeration area. If only persons enumerated in the household specified in column 3 a portion of a local unit has been included in his area, the before entries are made in respect of the next household in enumerator who has been allotted the first range of door the same building specified in column 1. All the house numbers in that unit should open the register, make the holds in a building specified in column 1 should be entries relating to his area and pass on the register to the exhausted before the next entry is made in column 1. enumerator who dealt with the next range of door numbers in the unit, and so on; and the enumerator who dealt with For each entry in column 4 the appropriate the last range of door numbers in the unit should forward entries should be made, as explained below, in columns 5 the register to the Supervisor. to 16 of the register. 4-. All the entries in the register should be made legibly A few persons belonging to a household may have in ink. escaped notice at the first enumeration and the omissions 5. (i) Column I.-In this column, should be entered, in may have been supplied later during the supervisor's test their serial order, the actual door numbers of the buildings check or during the final check or during over-check by in which the persons were enumerated in the local unit. higher officers. Before writing up the register, the enume Only the actual door number as entered at the top of the rator should, therefore, take account of all such subsequent enumeration slip and as distinguished from the household entries relating to the same household and write them all letter should be entered here. In respect of institutions, together in column 4 as mentioned above. To avoid this the letters 'Inst.' will have been recorded in the enumera being overlooked, he should accordingly make appro· tion slip as a denominator below the door number. In priate remarks in pencil on the last enumeration slip relating such cases, the entry 'Inst.' should be entered as the to the persons in that household enumerated at the first denominator in column 1. enumeration. These remarks should refer to the parti· culars of the slips where the subsequent entries relating The entries relating to residential buildings other to the same household are to be found. If, in spite of this than institutions should be recorded first. After these precaution, the enumerator finds that he has omitted any entries the next line in the register should be left blank name belonging to a household, the appropriate entries in and thereafter should come the next section containing columns 1 to 16 relating to that person, should be made on the entries relating to institutions. One line should be the back side of the sheet on which the main entries relating left blank again after the section relating to institutions, to the household have already been entered. Below the a.nd thereafter should be recorded the entries relating to last of the latter entries, mark, in the middle of the sheet, homeless persons. just below that line, "XXX" to indicate that further entries relating to the same household are to be found on Each enumerator should record in the register, in the back of the sheet. the above manner, the entries relating to the persons enumerated by him in each local unit or portion thereof Before beginning to write up the register, the a.liotted to him. enumerator should note down on a rough piece of paper Column 2.-The entry to be recorded here is the or slate all the door numbers he has to account for in the distinguishing letter for the household A, B, C, etc., if any local unit concerned, and then make sure that the entries in recorded at the top of the enumeration slip to distinguish column 1 of the register are made in the correct serial the households residing in the building specified in column 1 order of these numbers. of the register. If there is only one household in that Column 5.-The figure, or the full relationsbip, as building, this column should of course be left blank. the case may be, as entered in the enumeration slip against Column 3.-The households in a local unit should question No.1 should be recorded here. be numbered in serial order starting with No. I, and the Column B.-The figure entered against question serial number appropriate to the household should be No. 14 in the enumeration slip should be recorded here. entered here. Column 7.-The age as recorded against question Column 4.-A separate line should be used in this No.4 in the enumeration slip should be entered here_ (lolumn for each person enumerated in the household specified in column 3. The name ofth~ P_tlrson enumerated Column 8.-The figure or other entry recorded in lIhould be written first and then WIthin brackets, that the enumeration slip against question No.2 (a) should person's pa,rent, kamavan or husband, as the case may be. be copied here. 33 Column 9.-The abbreviation or the full name of the abstracts and that the duties of the enumerators will be religion as recorded in the enumeration slip against over. As, however, the Government of India have decided queBtion No.2 (b) should be entered here. to compile a National Register of Citizens, Supervisors should not take over the enumeration slip pads from the Column lO.-The figure or other entry recorded in enumerators on the 4th March 1951. They should leave the enumeration slip against question No.2 (c) should be the pads with the enumerators and distribute to them on copied here. that day the white sheets of paper for writing up the Colu1nn H.-The figure recorded in the enumeration National Register, the wrap.per cover containing printed slip against question No.3 should be entered here. instructions to enumerators, and also the heading slips to Co~umn 12.-What should be entered here is the be pasted at the top of the wrapper and obtain the figure recorded in the enumeration slip against the first acknowledgment of the enumerators in the Circle Issue part of question No.9. StateJp.ent prescribed in item (iv) below. These materials, Column 13.-The figure recorded in the enumeration they should obtain, from the Charge Superintendents slip against the second part of question No.9 should be during the last week of February, and in any case, before the 3rd March 1951. Before taking them, they must sign copied here. an acknowledgment form as a token of having received Column l4.-The figure or other entry recorded in the materials from the Charge Superintendents. They the enumeration slip against question No. 10 should be are personally responsible for the safe custody of these copied in full here. materials against loss, damage or destruction until they Column 15.-The figure or other entry in the enu are distributed to the enumerators and their acknowledg meration slip against question No. II should be copied in ments taken. The acknowledgments of the enumerators full here. should be taken in the Circle Issue Statement. Column 16.-The figure or other entry in the enu The Supervisors should study very carefully the meration slip against question No. 12 should be entered instructions to enumerators for writing the National here. Register of Citizens. Immediately after distributing the Column 17.-This column should be left blank for materials to the enumerators, they must go through those the present. It is to be used only in future years in instructions with their enumerators and make sure that they connexion with the maintenance of the register. have understood them. If any enumerator in the mufasas~ pleads that he is unable to write up the National (ii) General.-If, in respect of any column, the space Register in the regional language, then the Supervisor available in the line set apart for the entries relating to a :::nust transfer the work of transcribing the entries in person is not found sufficient, the entry should be conti the enumeration slips into the National Register of nued and completed by utilliling the space in that column Citizens to another enumerator, who knows the regional between that line and the next line. language and make a note of this transfer in column 7 of his diary against the appropriate enumerator's 6. After each sheet of the register which you have used, block. : He must obtain the orders of the Charge an unruled white sheet of paper of the same size should be Supermtendent if he is unable to fix up such a substi added and left blank for entries relating td future years, tute. Supervisors must advise the. enumerators t~ and the register must be stitched up on the left side so scrutinize first all their enumeration slips to see whether that each sheet could be turned over completely. The there are any blanks, omissions or any mistakes, and pages of each register should be numbered thus: 1, 2, 3, if so, to take the opportunity now afforded to them t() etc., on the front side of each sheet which you have used. rectify the mistakes or supply the omissions by visiting The back sides of these sheets should be numbered 1 (a), again, if necessary, the houses concerned. 2 (a), 3 (a), etc., while the bla,nk sheets should be numbered 1 (b) and 1 (e), 2 (b) and 2 (e), 3 (b) and 3 (e), etc. The Supervisors should instruct the enumerators t~ meet them at a central place on the 11th March, at a speci 7. In Madras City, the register should be written up in fied hour, and bring with them the National Registers English while in all mufassal areas, the register should be written up and also all the enumeration pads. The Super written up in the regional language as specified in this behalf visors should arrange for the check up of the registers by the Charge Superintendent. The regjster need not be written by one enumerator by giving the register to another written in diglott for any area. enumerator and the enumeration pads to a third and requesting the third enumerator and the second enumerator 8. The quality of your work in writing up the National to com pare the entries made in the register to sec whether Register will also be a very important factor in determining (1) there are any blanks or omissions ~ the enumeration your claims to be awarded the Census medal. slips and (2) whether there i~ exa~t correspondenc~ be~ween the entries in the enumeratIOn slIps and the entries ill the National Register of Citizens. He should repeat the same (ii) INSTRUCTIONS TO SUPERVISORS. process as regards the registers of other en~e.rators. In paragraph 19 of Section A of Part II-General of The Supervisor should make a note of all the ODllSSlOns or Census Circular No.3, it has been stated that, after the defects detected in his diary in respect of each enumerator's. enumerators have prepared correctly the abstract of work. He should himself check ten per cent of the entries the popUlation of their respecti ve blocks in accordance with made in the registers and satisfy himself that the entries. the instructions given on the subject, the Supervisor will are complete and accurate and that there are no blanks take charge of all the enumeration slip pads and the in the columns of the registers. The entries in columns 12. 5A • 34 13, 14 and 15 furnish important economic data of very he has to write for each enumera.tion block in the following grea.t value, and it is therefore the principal responsibility form:- {lfthe Supervisor to see that the answers are full and com .,.., ..... ~....:. .so $ plete. After the Supervisors have satisfied themselves ~~ AI>'! eEl $ Jii: l ~ 1'12 x ~ to) .; that the enumerators have accounted for all the white ... g: d ... ." ~~ sheets of paper, wrappers and printed heading slips, and 0 ... ;t; i::I a'" ·t~ ..., Ar tha.t the entries made in the enumeration slips and the 1'1 a. $ Q CD ~.e - a. . Establishments within their jurisdiction immediately and E.No.* E.No. E.No. E.NQ. B.No. ~certain from them whether their enumerators can write 5 Enumerator's dated the register in the regional language or not,. signature in token of receipt. The regional language to be adopted for each loca,l unit should be specified by the. Charge Superintendent in .a 6 Date on which Nation ·circular letter to the SupervIsors. In cases where there 18 al Register of (iv) NATIONAL REGISTER OF CITIZENS. Serial number of the circle in the charge. Circle Issue Statement. I hereby certify that I am satisfied that the instructions in the circulars were carried out by the enumerators in my Code number and name of the district. circle in filling up the enumerati{ln slips, and that I have Code number and name of the taluk. test-checked 20 per cent of the cases: selected, at random Serial number of the charge in the district. as instructed in each of the local units. I am also satisfied Serial number of the circle in the charge. that there are no reasons for believing that any omission or over-enumeration has occurred. I further testify tha.t- Name and designation 01 Circle Supervisor. (a) no question hail been left unanswered in the Census slips, Block number. (Here enter all blocks in the oircle in (b) there is exact correspondence between the entries serial order of the numbers)- in the Census slips and the entries in the National Register E.No.* E.No. E.No. E.No. E.No. of Citizens, and 2 Number of sheets of (c) t.he answers t{) questions (1), (9), (10) and (II) in white printing papeJ". the enumeration slip are full and specific. :3 Number {If printed Station Namg of the Supervisor. wrapper covers Date brown cartridge Ojfo;ial riesig'hation .. paper. 4 Number of printed hea:ding slips. 36 ~""'t~ <><00,," "''''''''OOr:g"''''; 0"''''('N,... O'.I~ ..... te<:>"" ..... <:>-. "'.,,"""">-",. """''''"~~I;,O ~... ~.. ~ e-J"o,;c; teo>"" ~"'O'""'; "'.0-,"'>0""'" ...... ~ o 6 I-i H 00",,,,"""0-, ...... <:> -e¢~"'''''-l~ "">-"" 0.""...... ~~~ "'''''0-,00",,,,, ",,,,,<» ",.,,,,, ~,..;~ M"'~ "''''Q>~o-, .....O.. """"~~ ...... .... 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OOlQ~I:'-o""" 00 ~ 0:> '4< '" ~g;~~s~;:;~~~~~s ~ ~ ~ O';l Q:)1O",,~C'r.l ~t'-oCO~CI':I "" 6~6~6 66666 666666";666666 6666 ""6 ~ ~ 89 ~::!:~~~g~~~~~~~ ~~~~ 6 6 ~ ~ 606ooo~o6c666 6 '0 0 6 o ....'"o ...... 1""'10;)001""1 :;~~r;;g.j t-ot-(o~ t- "'1!4 O"J ~ '-dI ~ g:g:5~g~~:e~~~~~ OCOO"l!tl 6 666~6 66666 0 066666666006 oJ!'o 06 Part II-Tabulation. SECTION I. 1.Introduction.-As in 1941, enumeraotion wa-s done December 1950, the Registrar-General agreed that the direct on slips, which dispensed with the intermediate Regional Tabulation Offices should be set up at operation of slip copying adopted at the earlier different places in Madras State instead of one Central censuses. But at the 1951 Census, the essential informa" Tabulation Office for the whole State. He also agreed tion relating to every person enumerated in every to my recommendation that there should be three village and every town/ward was first incorporated Tabulation Offices for the Telugu area, three for the in the National Register of Citizens, which is to he Tamil area, one for the Malayalam area and one for preserved as an unpublished administrative register the Kaunada area. I got in touch with the Collectors for purposes of reference during the inter-censal of districts and requested them to select suitable build period. The National Registers of Citizens were to ings for accommodating the Regional Census Tabula be compiled in separate parts, one relating to each tion Offices. My instructions were that efforts house numbering block in local areas where the block should be made to obtain Central Government build system of house numbering had been adopted and to ings, if any vacant. If they were not available, each street of a locality in local areas where the attempts should be made to secure State Government locality-street system of house numbering had been buildings, if any, vacant. If neither of these were adopted. Replies recorded on the census slips to the available, suitable private buildings should be secured. more imp()l'tant questions were transcribed in the I worked out the estimated strength of the staff in register. The original plan was that this register each office and gave the Collectors a rough idea of the should be written up during the second week of March size of the buildings that should be taken up. Replies 1951, i.e., soon after the enumeration was completed received from the Collectors were very disappointing. and the provisional tota.ls had been gathered. It was No Central Government buildings were available, only after the registers had been written up that the nor even State Government buildings. The Collec census enumeration pads could be broken up and tors also reported that no private buildings answer sorted to produce the Tables. As I have explained ing to my requirements were available. My Joint in Part I, there waS delay in the receipt of white Supedntendent had to contact the Collectors and paper and brown cartridge paper from Calcutta. other Revenue officials in the course of his tours and The paper, which should have been received in Madras with great difficulty he succeeded in getting buildings in February 1951, was actually received towards the at the. following places :- end of March 1951. The heading forms and the Andhra Desa.-Vizianagl1ram, ~ithapuram and instructions for writing the registers had then to be Bellary. printed and distributed to all enumerators through the Tamil Nad.-Pallavara.m, Mayuram and official channels. This process was completed Palayamkottai. towards the end of May 1951. The enumerators, the majority of whom were school-masters and village Maktyalayam area.-Cannanore. officers, were not available for writing up the registers, Kannada area.-Mangalore. as the school-masters had left their stations on account The Revenue Divisional Officers, who were respon of their summer vacation and the village officers sible for the selection of the buildings, had no precise were engaged on jamabandi duty. The bulk of the idea as to the space that would be occupied by brick registers could therefore be written up only during the pigeon holes and boxes for sorters. The result was months of July and August 1951. A considerable that the buildings, which they reported would portion of the work had to be entrusted to Section accommodate 250 to 300 persons, could actually writers specially engaged for the purpose, as the accommodate only 120 to 150 sorters with their brick original enumerators were not easily available. This pigeon holes and boxes. As sorters began to be retarded the transmission of the enumeration pads appointed up to maximum strength in the Regional to the Tabulation Offices. The sorting and com Offices, it waS necessary to find additional accom pilation work had therefore to be put off till the middle modation. Thus, in Vizianagaram we had to select of July 1951 in some regional offices and till the begin two more small buildings to accommodate the addi ning of August in others. The Madras State thus tional staff. In Bellary, similarly, two additional suffered a serious handicap in that abstraction and buildings had to be taken on rent. In Mayuram compilation commenced four months after the and Palayamkottai also additional buildings had scheduled time. to be taken on rent. 2. Regional Tabulation omces.-(i) Location and In Pallavaram, the Regional Tabulation Offioo Building arrangements.-At the Conference of was located in vacant military barracks. As accom Superintendents of Census Operations held at Delhi in modation became insufficient, the Defence Ministry 6A 42 was kind enough to pla.ce BungaJow No. 19, Officers' drinking water to the members, of the staff in each Lines, Pallavaram, a.lso at the disposal of the Census Tabulation Office. Department. These buildings were occupied free of The question of transferring the enumeration rent. The Regional Office at Cannanore was located slips, written in the regional languages in bi-lingual in the Administrative Block No.1, Wellesley Lines, districts a.nd more especially the enumeration slips Military Barracks. As this block became insufficient, written in Kannada to the appropriate· Regional the adjacent block, Barracks No.2, was also taken up. Office, presented a problem at the beginning. At Both in Pallavaram and in Cannanore, the military this Census, the enumeration slips were dealt with authorities did not provide electric connections. by tracts and the separation of slips written in The Regional Office at Bellary was located in a. different languages for the same tract would have , Madras Government building belonging to tha Educa caused complications, if they were deaJt with in differ tional authorities on a rental basis. In Palayam. ent offices. I, therefore, decided that the enumera kottai, the Regional Office was located in a private tion slips of each district should be dealt with only in building c!tlled " Manorama " buildings. As the the Regional Office to which the district was allocated, space was insufficient to acco'umoda.te the sta.ff of even though the slips might have been written in over 500 persons, three large temporary thatched more than one language. I arranged for sorters sheds in the compound were arected to accommodate knowing the regional languages to be appointed in the staff. Later it was considered that structures these offices. Therefore, at this Census, there was made of inflammable material should not be put up nQ occasion to transfer the enumeration slips of one for storing the census records and so they were dis diS~clt to another Regional Office, as was done in mantled and the materials were sold in auction. Sri 1931, for reasons of language. The Kannada Gopala Pillai's choultry, Palayamkottai, close by, slips written in Bellary district were dealt ,with i~ the was then taken up. The hereditary trustee of the Regional Office at Bellary. Malayalam slrps wrItten choultry, Sri S. Rajagopala Pillai, a public-spirited in the H()sdrug sub-taluk of the South Kanam gentleman, was kind enough to offer the choultry free district were dealt with in the Regional Tabulation of rent. The Regional Tabulation Office, Mayuram, Office at Mangalore to which the South Kanara district was located in the Thiruvilandur Chatram buildings. was allocated. The enumeration slips of the various At the time of its first occupation, it was under the districts in Madras State were dealt with in the management of a Receiver. On the application of Regional Offices mentioned below :- the Receiver, the Court kindly permitted the office to be located in the building free of rent for a period of Number and Deputy Superintendent DiBtricl -the Regional Office at Pallava.ram, all the other compilation of tables took a longer time than a.nti Deputy Superintendents were drawn from the District cipated in this State was that more than 50 per cent Revenue establishment, and they were officers of the of the supervisors were direct recruits, who had grade of Deputy Tahsildars. The Deputy Sup erin had no previous office experience. In order to improve tendlmt, Pallavaram, is a retired Deputy Collector the quality of the work in the Tabulation Offices and and he was not only in charge of Regional Tabulation minimise the time taken for sorting and compilation, for the districts of South Arcot, North Aroot and I suggest that my successor for the 1961 Census should Chingleput and Madras City but he was also put in request the State Government to issue directions charge of CentrM Tabulation. to the Collectors a,nd other district officers to spare the Collectors were ci.rcularised to recommend suitable entire staff of Administrative and Technical A.ssist ants, Supervisors, Tabulation Clerks, Accountants and persons of tho grade of Deputy Tahsildars or Special Grade Head Accounta,nts for appointment as Adminis compiler-checkers required for each regional tabula tion office. Sorters alone should be recruited direct. trative or Technical Assistants to assist the Deputy Superintendents. They were offered grade pay plus deputation allowance of 20 per cent plus dearness The following procedure was adopted in the allowance and other allowances at State Government matter of recruitment. Deputy Superintendents were rates. At my request, the Madras Government were appointed by me. In the case of all other appoint pleased to issue orders directing that Deputy Tahsil ments by direct recruitment, excepting those paid dars belonging to the Madras Revenue Subordinate from contingencies, lists of suitable candidates were Service appointed as Deputy Superintendents of called for from the District Employment Exchange Census or as Administrative or Technical Assistants Officer, within whose jurisdiction the regional office in Census Ta.bulation offices, be allowed to count was located. In tho case of recruitment to posts of their services in the latter posts towards probation and below compiler-checkers, the Deputy Superin and increment in the category of Deputy Tahsildars, tendent issued orders of appointment, once a selec to the extent to which they would have acted as tion had been made by the Revenue Divisional Officer. Deputy Tahsildars in the regular line, but for such In the case of recruitments above the category of appointment. They also amended the statutory compiler-checkers, lists of candidates selected were rules to give effect to their orders. sent to me for approval before orders of appointment were sent out to the persons selected. Administrative and Technical Assistants also were thus mostly drawn from the District Revenue One post of Supervisor in the Tabulation Office ~stablishment. The Collector of Malabar was unable at Mangalore was reserved for recruitment from Ooorg. to spare any suitable officer from his district. The In reply to my request. the Ohief Oommissioner of Deputy Superintendent of the Cannanore Tabulation Coorg st~ted that no suitable person from the Coorg Office had therefore to be recruited from th6 South State could be deputed for work in the Tabulation Kanam district and the Administrative and Technical Office at Mangalore. However a native of Coorg Assista,nts had to be reoruited from the Coimbatore residing at Mangalore and who possessed the requisite district. The CAlllector of Tanjore spared only one qualification was appointed to the post. We ex .. officer besides the Deputy Superintendent from the perienced some difficulties in the matter of recruit district revenue establishment and he was appointed ment to the cadres of sorters and compiler-checkers in as Technical Assistant. The Administrative A.ssistants certain regions. In Malabar, the recruitment was were recruited direct through the Employment very tardy. Sufficient number of sorters and Exchange. The TechnicM Assistant at Bellary was compiler-checkers could not be recruited through the recruited direct. Employment Exchange. There was similar diffi. culty at Vizianagaram, Pithapuram and Bellary, The Accountants at all offices were drawn from The District Employment Exchanges at Vizianagaram the district revenue establishment. and Kakinada, sent up lists of qualified candidates, Supervisors (Upper Division Clerks) were partly who had registered their names in the Exchanges drawn from the district revenue establishment, as several months previously. When orders of appoint Oollectors could not spare the full quota of the staff ment were issued by the Deputy Superintendents, required from their own district establishments. The they were not available, as probably they had either majority of the Supervisors had therefore to be secured employment elsewhere or had left the district. recruited through the medium of the respective District The work in the Tabulation Offices suffered so badly Employment Exchanges. These raw recruits took that I had to authorise the Deputy Superintendents more time to understand the instructions and they to recruit directly qualified candidates without the were less amenable to discipline and less inclined to medium of the Employment Exchange. In BeIlary, work outside office hours. Their supervision of the the Employment Exchange was unable to supply the work of sorters and compiler-checkers was not satis number of qualified persons required. The situation factory. The reason why sorting operations and also became so acute that I had to relax the educational 44: standard. Even then the Employment Exchange actual number of sorter months consumed in each could not supply adequate number of persons for office in producing all the sorter's tickets_ The the Census Office. The Employment Exchange put sorter months consumed include also the period speut through trunk caUs to Anantapur and Chittoor and for trial sorting in each Tabulation Office. requested the Employment Exchanges there to Total Total send up recruits for the Benary office. Total number oj number of Serial number and region. number oj. 80rter- 80rter- At the Conference held at New DeIhl in December slip" dealt months a. months with. per the actually 1950, the R.egistrar-General suggest,ed that a sorter R.gistrar. TcMe showinJ the m"",imuj)~ atrJ! appointer! in the eighJ Regional Tabulation Officee in Madra,' Region. Deputy Technical Ad'mini8t!'a.~ Number of 8 U1' 6,"':,or Tabulation NUt/wer of live Assi.· Supervisors. mOl1ths. clerk1· cotnp1'ler. Serial number and Region, l3upe rinten- Assistant. d~nt. tants. oheckel'S. (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (S) (1) (2) 2 16 64 4 45 1 Yizianagaram .. 2 2() 73 4 57 2 Pithapuram 2 17 76 4 48 3 13eJlary .. 1 3 21 4-6 fl 63 4 Pal1avaram I 3 22 70 6 66 5 )fayuram 1 3 27 1M 6 81 ~ Palayamkottai .. 1 II 38 2 50 7 Cannanoro 1 7 21 2 14 8 Nlangalore Gow'{'iler. Number oj Sorter- Acoount- Reco1'd Walch. checker· sorl-ers. months. ant. Olerlt-. Peon. AUender. WAn, months. (0) (10) (ll) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) 146 195 616 1 1 3 1 1 Vizia.n.agaram .. 143 247 631 I 3 2 Pithapuram 148 209 &22 1 3 3 Bellary .. 128 273 762 1 3 4 Pallavs.ram 172 286 816 1 3 5 Mayurom 202 351 941 1 3 1 6 Palayamkottai ., 74 140 291) 1 1 2 7 Cannanore J. 39 65 181 1 1 2 8 lI1angalore (iii) Transfer of Census records to Tabulation files), who failed to transmit the census records t Offices.-Clear and detailed instructions were issued ~abulation Offices by. 15th July 1951. The explana~ to aU Charge Superintendonts (Tahsildars, Deput;v tlOns that were reCeIved were scrutinized and sent Tahsilda.rs in independent charge of taluks and Muru to the State Q{}vernment. In spite of dear instruc cipal Commissioners) as to what census records were tions to the Charge Superintendents the report to be transferred and how they should be transferred received from the Deputy Superintendents of Tabula~ to the Tabulation Offices. 15th July 1951 was fixed as tion Offices showed that the records were received i the last date before which the census records should many cases in very. bad condition. Records had i~ be t,ransferred to the Tabulation Offices. In consulta some cases. been mIxed up. The enumeration pads tion with the Madras Q{}vernment, Collectors of of several VIllages had become loose in transit and got districts were asked to send up the explanations of the mixed up. The National Registers, though bundled Charge Superintendents (together with their personal in convenient sizes got torn up during transit. There were discrepancies in the list of records sent up. by t~e slips or the National Registers were not forthcoming Charge Superintendents. The National Reglsters ill the records were ordered to be reconstructed with the some cases were not accounted for. help of the National Registers or the enumeration slips, as the case might be. In one Tabulation Office some As a result, much valuable time was wasted in Tabu missing records had to be reconstructed. lation Offices in sorting out the records and then check It was impressed on Deputy Superintendents that ing them up. Where they could not tally the records the Census records and National Registers of Citizens received from the Charge Superintendents, Deputy had been prepared at the expense of enormous amount Superintendents of Tabulation Offices had to send for of time, labour and money and that a heavy responsibi the concerned clerk from each charge to go Over to the lity :rested on their shoulders in protecting the records Tabulation Offices to effect reconciliation of the list from loss or damage by fire, white ants, rodents or of records despatched. The following statement shows negligence. They were instructed to take all precau the delays that occurred in the transfer ofroeords to tions to protect the records against such accidents. In Tabulation Officers : every regional office the records were kept either in a Number of Number of separate room or in a safe part of the building. Every Number of charget3 from cillzrg68 from day the Deputy Supflrintendent or the Record Clerk Name oj the tabulation charges from which records which records inspected the records and sprayed the floor and the Centre. which records were Bent on or were Bent after were received. beforc 15th July 1951. walls an round with D.D.T. powder or some other suita 15th July 1951. ble insecticide. The Tabulation Offices were also Vizianagaram 41 22 19 equipped with fire buckets filled with sand or water. Pithapuram .. 53 45 8 The records were arranged districtwar, and within Bellary 61 35 26 the district according to each charge. A card showing Cannanore .. 19 16 3 the name of the district was hung up near each group of MaY1ll'am 46 26 20 records. PaJayamkottai 65 56 9 PaJlavaram .. As large expenditure had t6 be incurred toward" Mangalore . . 13 11 2 the payment of packing and freight charges for the despatch of census records to the regional sorting and Instructions were issued to the Deputy Superin tabulation offices, and as Deputy Superintendents tendents of Tabulation Offices that the Census records were authorized to operate only on a permanent received from Charge Superintendents should be checked advance of Rs. 100 which was insufficient, the Govern separately by charges. Sorters were order~d to be told ment of Madras, at my request, authorised in their off in pairs for this purpose and each paIr entrusted G.O. Ms .. No. 844, Public (Elections), dat6d 7th April with a charge. Compiler-checkers and Supervisors 1951 all :Tahsildars, Deputy Tahsildars in charge of were asked to over-check their work. The sorters were sub-taluks and Municipal Commissioners, who were directed to scrutinize whether all the enumeration pads Charge Superintendents, to draw an advance up to a and the National Registers of Citizens, that the Charge maximum of Rs. 500 at anyone time for payment of Superintendents claimed to have sent, had been packing and freight charges. The advance was of received. Of the two partners, one was asked to be course debited to the Central head, "47. Miscellaneous in charge of the enumerati~n pads an?the other in Departments-Statistics-Census-C. Abstraction and charge of the Na.tional RegIsters of CI~Izens. After Compilation-3. Other Charges." scrutiny was over, each partner was lI1structed to arrange his records according to their location code (iv) Arrangements for furniture, boxes and pigeon numbers and see whether all the local units in the holes.-At the Conference held at Delhi in December charge had been fully accounte.d for. If. either the 1950, the Registrar-General impressed on Superintend enumeration pads or the NatlOnal ReglSters were ents the necessity for observing economy in th6 matter missing in respect of a,ny looal unit, the other partner of furniture to be supplied to the Regional Tabulation was asked to check whether the corresponding records Offices. The Regional Tabulation Offices would func were missing on his side also. In respect of units for tion only for short period and the purchase of new which any missing records could not be accounted for furniture for these temporary offices at huge cost would even after such verification and scrutiny by compiler sweli the Census budget. He stated that the sorters checkers and Supervisors, the Charge Superintendents who would be appointed in large numoors, should be concerned were to be a,ddressed immediately and their asked to sq_uat on the floor. In the Case of other emplo a,nswers obtained. yees such as compiler-checkers, supervisors and tabu lation clerks, he said that furniture might be obtained Enumeration pads and their corresponding on loan from other Government offices. If this was Na.tiona.l Registers were ordered to be distributed not possible, steps should be taken to secure the neces a.mong the sorters and they were asked to scrutinise sary furniture on hire. If neither of these courses was the slips for omissions and mistakes for purposes of' practicable, he suggested that furniture might 00 rectifying them. In cases, where the enumeration purchased. Consistent with the instructions given by the be ordered to be constructed out of dealwood Or even Registrar-General, every effort was made to effect eco cardboard. and not of bricks. nomy, in the matter of supply of furniture to the Regional Ta.bulation Offices. The Oollectors of dis I had some apprehension that sorters might refuse tricts, where the Regional Offices were loea-ted, were to squat on the floor. I provided each sorter with a requested to obtain on loan from other Government mattress. I am glad. to record that there were no offices the necessary furniture. Only a small quantity protests from the sorters that they were made to squat of the furniturtt could be obtainttd on loan and that too on the floor. At some places, where th.ey were supplioo. in two or three regional offices. One or two Oollectors with wooden pigeon holes fixed with stands, certain were a hIe to secure a small quantity of furniture on hire. sorters dressed in European style sa.t on wooden boxes In all other cases we had reluctantly to purchase new while sorting. But, excepting these few ca.ses, all furniture. The cost of the articles of furniture varied sorters, boys and girls, squatted on the floor for sorting in each region. The cost of a countrywood small table purposes. varied from Rs. 10 at Mayuram to Rs. 16 at Vizia A sta.tement showing the furniture supplied to each nagaram and Cannanore. The cost of an armless chair Tabulation Office, how much of it was borrowed, or varied from Es. 4--8-0 in Mayuram to Rs. 8 in Bellary, hired or purchased and the rates at which they were Rs. 10 at Palayamkottai a.nd Rs. Hi at Ca.nnanore. purchased is printed in Appendix I to this report. The cost of a wooden pigeon hole varied from Rs. 12 at Bellary to Rs. 15 at Madras, Rs. 17 at Cannanore and (v) Stationery.-I estimated the requirements of Ra. 55 at Mangalore. The cost of a wooden box for stationery for the Regional Census Sorting and Tabula sorters varied from Rs. 4 at Vizianagaram to Rs. 5-4-0 tion Offices and placed an indent on the Deputy Control· at Pithapuram, Rs. 7-8-0 at Be11ary, Rs. 9 at Palla ler of Stationery, Calcutta, for supply of the Stationery varam, Es. 10-8-0 at Mayuram and Rs. 15 at Manga. direct to the Deputy Superintendents concerned. The lore. I persuaded the contractor at Cannanore to buy indent was placed on the 9th April 1951 and it was back the tables at-Ra. ~ which he had originally supplied complied with by the Deputy Controller during May at Rs. 16. I authorized the payment to the contractor June 1951. A statement showing the quantity initially at Rs. 7 only, the differenoe between Rs. 16 indented for and the quantity supplied to the Deputy and Rs. 9. Similarly, at Palayamcottai, I persuaded Superintendents has been printed in Appendix II. the contractor to buy back the 828 wooden boxes, which he had supplied at the rate of Rs. 5 for each In addition to the stationery supplied by the dealwood box and Rs. 7-8-0 for each box made of Deputy Controller, the Deputy Superintendents required mango plank, for a consolidated payment of Rs. 1,500. other articles of stationery, such as thread, carbon These 828 boxes would not have fetched even Re. 1 sheets, stencil paper, manifolding paper, etc. Threa.d each at an auction. was required in large quantities in each office as the enumeration slips had to be kept in separate 'bundles I constructed five double faced brick pigeon holoo for each Livelihood elMs for Males and Females sepa in my office to find out how much space they occupied rately, under each of the categories, 'General' and also incidently the cost of their construction. .Ail , Sample' and 'Dililplaced Persons' for each tract: they occupied, along with the two wooden boxes for I authorized the Deputy Superintendents to purchase each sorter, too much space, I had to abandon the idea the required stationery locally, as there would be of (Jonstructing brick pigeon holes in Madras, Cannanore considerable delay in obtaining the articles on an indent and Mangalore. At theseo places I authorized the placed on the Deputy Controller of Stationery, Calcutta. construction of wooden pigeon holes. Even at the other centres, where the Deputy Superintendents were Articles of stationery received in each Tabula.tion asked to construct brick pigeon holes, difficulties arose Offioo were entered in the register of stationery articles when the maximum fltaif of sorters were appointed. and a strict account was maintained of the articles There was no space in the offices for the oonstruction received, articles issued and the balance. of brick pigeon holes for the additional sorters. Rather (vi) Financial Powers of Deputy Superintenaenf<;. ~han go in for additional buildings, and, with a view to economise spac6, I authorised the Deputy Superintend The Deputy Superintendents in charge of the Tabula ents to oonstruct wooden pigeon holes. tioll Offices were non-gazetted officers and they could not be declared as 'Heads of their office .. ' for purposes While on this subject, I wish to record my view of rule 3 of the General Financial Rules Volume I that brick pigeon holes, though less (Jostly are unsafe, and other Financial rules of the Governm~nt. It wa~ unless they are swept clean everyday, which is difficult considered necessary that the Deputy Superintendents to ensure in practice. They occupy too much spMe, should be declared as' Heads of their respective offices' which in these days of scarcity of accommodation and authorized to draw the establishment and con should be avoided. I would therefore suggest tha.t, in tingent bills for their offices without my counter future, when scarcity of accommodation is likely to signature, so as to avoid inconvenience and delays. I, assume more serious proportions, pigeon h.oles should therefore, requested the Registrar-Gtmeral to move the 47 Government of India, to issue orders exempting the comprehensive and presented in a simpler form. Deputy Superintendents from the provisions of rule 3 For purposes of tabulation, the tables were grouped of the General Financial Rules, Volume I, and declaring undor four bl'Oad ca.tegories (a) General population them to be ' Heads of their respective offices' for pur tables, (b) Economic tables, (c) Household and age pose of drawal of establishment and contingent bills (sample) tables, (d) Social and cultural tables and (e) a for their offices, subject to th6 provisions of the General summary of figures relating to population by livelihood Financial Rules. The Government of India, Ministry classes by taluks. of Home Affairs, in their letter No. 2/31/51-Public, dated the 25th May 1951, declared the Deputy Superin The General population ta.bles follow the 1931 tendents in charge of the Regional Census Sorting and IIlode~s except in regard to Table A-V which now Tabulation Offices in the State of Madras to be the gi\ ef! the popUlation of individual towns by livelihood drawing and disbursing officers in respect of Regional classes instead of by religion as in the 1931 and earlier Census Sorting and Tabulation Offices under their censuses. Similarly Table E furnishes selected da.ta charge. The Govemment of Madras, in their Order by districts. and tal~ks in the same form, as in previous Ms. No. 1571, Public (Elections), dated the 4th ,Jun6 COllSUSes, WIth the difference that the livelihood classi 1951, authorized the Deputy Superintendents in charge fication has been substituted for religion. of Regional Census Sorting and Tabulation Offices to draw the establishment and contingent bills for their (ii) Economic tables.-Theeconomic tablesintro_ duced in the 1951 Census correspond to the occupation own offices, without the countorsignature of the Superin tendent of Census Operations, Madras. or means of livelihood table prepared at the 1931 Census. The occupation or mel1,nG of liyelihood In his letter No. 38/1/50-RG., dated the 2nd May table prepared in the 1931 and previous Censuses wa.'I 1951, the Registrar-General sanctioned provisionally a a complicated one, which a layman would find it difficult permanent advance of Rs. 100 fa.r each of the eight to grasp. The 1951 economic tables are simpler and Regional Census Sorting and Tabulation Offices. The furnish more detailed information. Economic Table sanction was sl!bjecL to review by the Accountant B-1 is, in fact, a population table, with a classification General, Madras, after a period of three months. of the population under the eight livelihood classes and Before the Deputy Superintendents assumed three s~b-classes under e~ch, denoting Lhe primary charge of the Regional Census Sorting and Tabulation economIC status. EconomIc Table B-II specifies the Offices, I had requested the Tahsildars of the taluks number of persons in each of the eight livelihood classll8 concerned to secure the necessary articles of furniture, who possess a secondary means of livelihood and cross either by borrowing, or hiring or purchase in the local classifies them under the same eight livelihood classes. market. Pigeon holes had to be erected (in the case Ec~nomic Table B-III, ~~ich is l~mited to economically of brick pigeon holes) or manufactured (in the case of actIve persons engaged III Illdustl'les and services, classi wooden pigeon holes). The Tahsildars required money fies them' under three sections, viz., employers, emplo for the purpose. At my request, the Government of yees and independent workers with referenco to the Madras, in t,heir Order Mis. No. 845, Public (Elections), nature of the commodity produced or service performed dated the 7t.h April 1951, authorised the Tahsildars of sorted under the divisions and subdivisions of industries Vizianagaram, ,lithapuram, Bellary, Mayuram, Tiru and services of the Indian Census Economic Classifica nelveli, Cannahore and Mangalore, to draw an advance tion Scheme. The secondary occupations of self~sup up to Ii maximum of Rs. 500, at anyone time, for porting persons and the econo~c aotivities of earning incurring expenditure on hire or purchase of furniture, dependents, where such occupatIOns or activities relate bricks, matresses, etc., required for the opening of the to industries and services ha.' e not howe-. er heen classi Regional Census Sorting and Tabulation Offices in their fled under the divisions and subdivisions of industries taluks. The advance was ordered to he recouped by and services of tbe Indian Census Economic Classifio~ bills for the expenditure incurred. The expenditure tion ScheI::e.. There are ~u~e. 0_us cases of persons; was, of course, debitable to the Gmtral head . whose prmCIpal means of lIvelihood is ao-ricultural " 47. Miscellaneous Departments-Statistics-Census income, but who are at the same time indus~ialists of -C. Abstraction and Compilation-3. Other charges". considerable activities; and there are other industrialists who are engaged in more than one kind ofindustrial Census-(i) 3. Changes introduced in the 1951 Forms activity. Under the existing scheme, the classification most important and funda and procedure.-The with reference to tIle nature of the commodity prOduced mental change introduced in the 1951 Census was the and the services ~erformed, has teen confined to the discontinuance of the practice of sorting the census act~vities, wh~ch give the e:onomica.Uy active persons slips on the basis of religion and communities and the thelr largest mWme. It woald be desirable to intro substitution in it" place of sorting by livelihood classes. duce a table supplementary to the existing Table R-III This necessarily iIlYolved a total overhauling of the for cla&sifyi.ng the secondary means of livelihood of forms and procedure relating to tabulation except in seIf-supportmg persons and the activities of earning resp6ct of the general population statistics. The data depend€'nts, where such means of livelihood or activities relating to econorrUc divisions have been made more relate to industries and services. 7 48 (iii) Hau.sehol.J1 and age 8ample table&.-This is to the different households in the same house were also another new feature in the 1951 Census. The data for found written up in different parts of the Register. Table C-I-Household, size and composition-were picked out from the National Register of Citizens and (2) In some cases, the entries relating to more was based On 1 in 1,000 sample household in the State. than one local unit were found written in the same The sample is too small to give results, which can be Register. relied upon. The four per cent sa.mple households (3) The heading slips were not attached for originally fixed in the Tabulation Plan can, with some of the Registers. advantage, be adhered to, in future. (4) The distinguishing location code numbers and names of the local unit, viz., tho number and name Tables C-II and C-V are age sa.mple tables. The ten per cent sample of the enumeration slips, by sorting of tho village or town and the number of the block or which these tables were prepared, has been found to locality and street were omitted to be marked on the give very good results-results close to those that could heading slips and the covers. be obtained by sorting the entire slips. In fact, the ten In some cases, the Revenue numbers of villages per cent sample IS an extremely representative one. were noted instead of the location code numbers of the Vagaries are few and far between. For purposes of villages. analysis and study, the figures based on these samples (5) There was omission to put in relevant entries are quite reliable. Considerable saving of time and in some of the columns of the Register. money has been effected on account of this sampling (6) The pages had not been numbered correctly method. in a few regist()rs and the rule that each page should (iv) Primary Census Ab8tract.-This abstract is contain only entries relating to 25 persons was not one of the most useful records prepared at this Census. strictly adhered to. It gives basic information collected in the Census in (7) There were also omissions to mark the house respect of each village and each ward of each census numbers and the prescribed serial numbering of house town and city. It is worthwhile devoting greater time holds was not done in some registers. for the preparation of this useful document. My fooling is that during the recent tabulation, Sorter's ( 8) A test check of the registers of some of the ticht '0' and the Primary Census Abstract were villages and towns showed that the population figures rushed through and the abstracts ",ere not checked according to the registers fell short of those obtained by with as much care a.s they deserved. Information sorting the enumeration slips, indicating omissions to regarding the numter of househo!ds gathered from the bring the entries in some of the enumeration slips to the National Register of Citizens was found to 1;e wrong Register. in many cases. Some sorters took the last house num In view of the importance of this document, it is ber in the National Register of Citizens to represent necessary tha.t greater care and attention should be the number of occupied houses. In some cases, the devoted to the preparation of the register in future. enumerators had assigned household numbers to inmates It should be the rule that the register should be written of institutions and asylums, in spite of clear instructions up only by the enumerator concerned as he is in the best on the subject. It is therfore necessary to effect a position to avoid mistakes, and will incidentally have proper check of the National Register of Citizens, the opportunity of detecting omissions and errore in before recording the informa.tion in the Primary Census his own enumeration record. Abstract. This point may be kept in mind for future In tho heading slips adopted in Madras in 1951, Censuses, as a correct preparation of the Sorter's ticket only the numbers of the blocks/localities and street were and the Primary Census Abstract goes a great way , 0 ' required to be indicated though sufficient space was in minimising the trouble involved in the preparation available for filling up the names of the blocks! of the general population tables. localities and streets also. I suggest that the heading (v) The National Register of Oitizens.-The prepa slip should be amended to indicate both the number, ration of the National Register of Citizens which was and name of block/locality a.nd street where these done under the handicaps mentioned in paragraph have names. 1 had to be rushed through with a view to minimising Another necessary improvement that should be the delay in starting work in the tabulation offices and a.dopted is that the number and llame of the village the registers were found to have not been prepared and the number and name of the block or locality with the amount of care and attention which the work and street should be noted On each page of the called for. Some of the defects noticed are mentioned National Register. The absence of these particulars below:- on each page created difficulty, when the registers (1) The instruction that the entries should be which had not been properly stitched got loose and arrauged by households in the order of house numbers the sorters who handled them failed to put them was not adhered to in several cases. Entries relating together in proper order and re-stitch them. So also 49 when the heading sheets broke loose in respect of a of t,he vagueness of the entries a.gainst questhm No. 10. number of registers, the sorters were not able to connect A lot of mis-sorting was also detected at the stage of them with the appropria.te registers and the tabu preparation of the Sorter's ticket' 0 '. This created lation office had not enough data to find out to which difficuUies, when the slips had to be sorted. for sorter's particular village or block or locality and street the ticket, ' 2 '. Many of the enumerators consisted of registers without heading slips related. It is necessary village officers, who never made up their minds to to supply printed and ruled forms for writing up the come out of the old rut of describing the means of National Registers in future. livelihood in vague terms. Full and clear written instructions issued by me seem to have had very little For want of time, it was not found possible to effect. For future Censuses, there must be substantial nillke a. detailed verification of the National Begister and well supervised practical training for all the of Citizens and the enumeration slips. A cursory field staff arranged well in advance of the enumeration verification of the population count, according to the period. National Register of Citizens, and the slips was not found very satisfactory. The scheme of an intensive 4. Trial sorting.-Deputy Superintendents in-charge verification of the National Registers by house to of Regional Tabulation Offices were informed before house enquiry is a very desirable step that should hand tha.t the scheme of the 1951 Census differed a.dvance the value of this document.' I trust that, in ponsiderably from that of its predecessors a.nd that course of time, an annual verification of the National in order to gain experience in sorting and tabulation Register will become a permanent feature. they should arrange a trial sorting on the following lines :- (vi) Displaced persons.-The number of displac('d persons enumerated ill this State was small (9,118) and half of them were confined to the City of Madras and Each Regional office should begin with a staff the neighbourhood. There was very little difficulty consisting of the Deputy Superintendent, the Adminis in arranging the sorting and tabulation for displaced trative and Technical Assistants, the Supervisors and persons. Sorters were instructed to pick out the slips about 50 per cent of the sanctioned strength of compiler relating to displaced persons even at the very outset, checkers. Each one of these including the Deputy viz., the preliminary checking of enumera.tion slips. Superintendent should work as a sorter at first and It was noticed that some enumerators had not grasped prepare the various Sorter's tickets by taking the the definition of a displaced ferson and ha.d incorrectly slips relating to one tract in each district of the included Burma evacuees and even persons born in regional area. At the end of a week or two, this other States among displaced persons. initial s,taff should be strengthened by the appointment of as many teams of regular sorters as there were (vii) Location Oode.-The system of assigning districts in the region. These sorters should be put location code numbers to census units, viz., villages in the way by the members of the superior staff who and panchayats, did not work satisfactorily, parti had already gained some experience in the process of tJulariy, in the case of units which consisted of portions sorting and the trial sorting should be continued for of a. village or villages constituted into a panchayat. another fortnight. Every person engaged in trial Village oJicers who found it difficult to understand the sorting should make a note of and bring to the notice location code system adopted the revenue survey of the Deputy Superintendent the difficulties he met numbers of villages in the enumeration slips. This with in the course of the trial operations and also the created considerable confusion. I think it is desirable time taken by him for each item of sorting operation. that the location code numbers approved by the The Deputy Superintendent should intimate to me Government of Madras for the units in a. taluk should the nature of the rlifficulties met with and how they be printed and circulated to all the village officers, were overcome. He s?ould also work out the average revenue staff, panchayat staff and municipal staff and out-turn per hour achleved under each kind of opera they should be ordered by the Collector to refer to the tion and submit proposals for fixing the normal outturn location code number and name of the unit in all for re3ular sorting operations. I also informed the correspondence in future. Deputy Superintendents in advance that before the regular sorting commenced I would moot them in (viii) Livelihood Olassification.-The classification conference for discussing the difficulties ex:r:erienced of people, according to their means of livelihood, and accordingly instructed them to concentrate on being a novel feature introduced in the 1951 Census, one tract and complete all the sorter's tickets for that many enumerators failed to grasp the principles, with tract, prepare the Primary Census Abstract, posting the result, that they failed to record precise answers statements and sample tables treating the tract against question No. 10 of the Census Questionnaire. as a sample district so that they might come fully Consequently, sorting was rendered difficult on account equipped for the conference. 50 The trial sorting conunenced in the various regional written test should be held to find out whether the tabulation offices on the dates noted below :- sorters had understood the principles. Only those who qualified themselve~ by obtaining not less than Name o/the Regional Date oj commencement Number oj tracts Office. oj trial tabu· taklmup. 40 per cent marks were recruited as sorters and orders lation. of appointment were issued to them. No pay was Palayamkottai 4th June 1951. 3 city and 1 rural. to be given for the training period. This method Pithapuram .. 11th June 1951. 1 city and 2 rural. was ad{)pted in ahnost all the Tabulation Offices. Cannanore .. 12th June 1951. 1 city traot. Pallavaram . . 16th June 1951. 1 city and 2 rural• 6. Progress in sorting.-Detailed weekly progress Mayuram 19th June 1951. 1 oi t y and 1 rural. reports in the form given in Appendix IV which is an MangaJoro 19th June 1951. 1 city and 1 rural. amplified form of miscellaneous sorting form '6' Boilary 20th June 1951. 1 city and 4 rural. were obtained from all the Regional offices and Vizianagaram 20th June 1951. 1 city and 2 rural. l'Cviewed in my office and the progress was closely A Conference of all the Deputy Superintendents watched. The Deputy Superintendents who were was held at Pallavaram on the 21st and 22nd of July found slack were pulled up then and there. During 1951 (1) for discussing the difficulties experienced the progress of the sorting operations, my Joint during trial sorting, (2) for settling uniform and eco· Superintendent went round and inspected all the nomical me~hods of operations and (3) for fixing a Regional offices. giving tips for efficient and quick minimum outturn for the different kinds of operations. sorting a.nd solving difficulties with regard to accom. A number of important points was discussed at the modation and recruitment of st.aff by contacting the conference. Extract of the notes of discussions relating District Collectors and other local officials. His to the more important points will be found in Appendix inspection covered all aspects in the Tabulation III. Although none of the Deputy Superintendents Offices, viz., recruitment of staff, receipt of records, had managed to proceed beyond the stage of sorter's arrangements for pigeon holes and furniture, progress tickets before the conference assembled, the dis of work, quality of the work, etc. These inspection cussion at the Conference indicated that the Deputy reports were reviewed by me and general instructions Superintendents had applied their minds to the work on important points indicated in the inspection notes of sorting and had noted down useful points for dis· were issued to all concerned for guidance. Thus a closo cussion. The points discussed at the conference watch was kept on the sorting work in Regional mostly related to methods for efficient sorting and for offices. Thanks to this and to the t.ime.saving methods savil;lg time. Minimum outturn to be achieved by laid down by me (vide notes on the discussions of the each sorter was also fixed as a result of the discussions. conference), sorting progressed rapidly and was In future the full trial should be made before the finished in all the offices well ahead of the schedule. conference. 7. Compilation and Tabulation in Regional offices. 5. Regular sorting.-Regular sorting commenced In all the Regional offices the writing up of the Primary in all the offices by the end of July 1951. In regard Census Abstracts and the preparation of the posting to the recruitment of sorters I instructed that the statements were taken up side by side with sorting. sorters should be recruited in convenient batches and But the preparation of district tables was put off on trained for two or three days before they were put on account of various causes. The Deputy Superin· to regular work. This training which was intended to tendents were anxious to finish the sorting operations acquaint the sorters with the general principles of and to disband the sorting staff as quickly as possible ilnumeration and livelihood classification was arranged with a view to avoid any troubles with the staff. They on the following lines :-A Supervisor should give therefore concentrated on completing the sorting training to a batch of not more than 40 sorters. operations. Many of the compiler-checkers recruited Printed instructions relating to enumeration and were not compotent enough to prepare posting state a volume of the National Register of Citizens should be ments. The preparation of the posting statements distributed to each sorter under training along with did not therefore pl'Ocood rapidly. Tabulation was a few blank census slips. Each sorter should study much more complicated than either sorting or com· the instructions and prepare enumeration slips for piling. While tho instructions for sorting and com. members of his family and the family of one or two pilation wore full and detailed the tabulation of his co-sorters and satisfy the instructor that they instructions were not quite as detailed. The Deputy had understood the general principles of recording Superintendents were faced with a number of doubts correct answers to the census questionnaire. The and difficulties and had to address me for instructions. supervisor should give practical instructions in regard The strength of the tabulation staff sanctioned was to checking of slips for omissions and errors and sorting inadequate and the quality of the staff was not up to for Sorters' ticket' 0', explaining the principles the mark. Tallying the various totals took up quite !eluting to livelihood classification, economic status, a lot of time. The sample forms of the tables given etc. On the second or the third day of the training a. in the 1951 Census Tabulation Plan on which th~y ha.d 51 to rely f<>r understanding the tabulati<>n instructions belGnged. Cases where it was not possible to locate l'elated to the Sta.te Tables and alth<>ugh the instruc the district had to be put under "Birth place not tions indicated tlmt the word 'State' should be read known ". as 'Tract' for District Tables, the Regional 0 ffices (d) Checlcing of slips for mistakes and omissions. got stuck in respect of some of the tables in the A lot of time was taken up in checking slips for supply" D-series. I had myself to refer certain matters to the ing omissions and rectifying mistakes. This checking Registrar-General for clarification. It would have been had to. be taken up at the initial stage when the sorters very helpful if the Tabulation Instructions contai~ed were but imperfectly conversant with the details of the samples of each of the District Tablt's. The preparatlOn census questionnaire and the proper answers to each of of the District Tables dragged on much longer than them. In some cases the sorters substituted incorrect -expected and was finished betwoon the 15th and 31st answers in the place of the correct ones already on of December in all offices 6xcept BoIlary, Vizianagaram record particularly in regard to answers to questions and Cannanore. In the excepted offices the work 9 (1), 9 (2) and 10 of the census questionnaire; for went on till the end of January and even in February. example many sorters presumed that the head of the household should necessarily be a self-supporting In this connection I should like to record a few person and corrected entries against 9 (1) into' I ' remarks about some of the defects noticed and difficul cven in cases where the head of the household was ties met with in respect of some of the operations. a non-earning dependtmt. Incorrect entries were (a) Sorting and Cornpilation.-'rhe arrangement made in column 9 (2) also without grasping the of forming sorters into teams worked out alright, but instructions on the subject fully. The surters the compiler-chackers were not quite good enough for and other Tabulation Staff found it difficult to. rectify the purpose, nor were the supervisors up to the mark. vague answers recorded against question lO-such as, They did not grasp the various stages of sorting, Clerk, John & Co.., Cooly, Cultivation, etc. It was compilation and tabulation, with the result that the not possible for the tabulatiGn supervisor who almost ta.bulation work was put off till the very end. For stood in the same position as the sorter at the initial the future a system of training for the sorting and tltages to help the SGrters. tabulation staff, which should be much more detailed I suggest that the work of the initial checking of the than that adopted at the present census, should slips for errors and omissions should in future be be prescribed. As already observed by me it is entrusted to the enumeration supervisors themselves. ne~essary to. reJruit only members of the district In addition to the twenty per cent field check of staff trained in o:nce routine for supervisiGn work. enumeration slips prescribed, the supervisors should The cost invGlved in training the hands will be more be required to make a cent per cent scrutiny of tha.n set Gff by the efficiency achieved. the slips after the completion of enumeration by the (b) Sorter\~ Ticket' 2 '.-Under the scheme of the enumerators with a view to rectify the defects, New Economic Classifica.toin Sorter's ticket' 2 ' such as, vague entries, omissions and errors. Being is a vita.l ticket. The importance of this ticket parti tho man on the spot he is the proper person to rectify cularly the need for giving precise descriptiQn of the the defects. He can return the pads containing the Means of LivelihoGd sub-groups was not fully gra ped defects to the enumerator concerned, pointing out the by the sorting staff. In many cases the desoriptiGns mistakes or omissions and require him to rectify given were also vague. These defects dtMa,cted from the defect. Tn cases where the mistakes Gr omissions the value of the GccupatiQnal abstract which was pre- could not be set right without an enquiry, the super 8cfiled with tJIe object of giving an insight into the visors can undertake such enquiry. The supervisor can nature of industries prevalent and services performed be given 10 days time to do this work under the general in the a.rea. I cGnsider that in future each Deputy supervisi?n of the c~arge supe~ntendent. During Superintendent should be supplied with an exhaustive this perIOd, the NatIOnal RegIster of Citizens alphabetical printed list of means of Ii velih<>od should be written up by the enumerators concerned sub-grQups drawn up on all all-India basis giving the at a central place selected by the supervisors and under livelihood class, and the group code number for each his personal supervision. After entries in the enumer sub-group and should be required to. keep the figures ation slips and those recorded in the National Registers for each sub-group distinct in Sorter's ticket ' 2 ' .. of Citizens had been compared and tallied, the super visor should (ount the provisional totals with the (c) Sorter's Ticket' 7 '.-Sorting for Sorter's help of the enumerators. The totals arrived at as a. Ticket ' 7' presented some difficulty on aCCGunt of the result of counting up the enumeration slips should b~ fact that the enumerators in answering question 5, compared with the total of entries in the National recGrded the name of obscure villages instead Qf Register of Citizens concerned and the figures tallied ascertaining and recording the name Gf the district before the provisional totals are forwarded to the in which the perSGn enumerated was born. A lot Charge Superintendent. The small delay that may of time had to be wasted in finding Gut the district occur Gn account Gf this process in reporting the pro to which the villages marked in the enumeration slips visional totals ca.n be ignored, as it is most important 5:2 that the defects in the enumeration slips should be table should be drawn up in each State by districts first rectified and the entries in the slips and the showing the numbers of sex and livelihood pattern of- National Registers of Citizens compared and tallied. When this is ensured the provisional totals are likely (i) Scheduled Tribes, to be as near to the final total as possible. (ii) Scheduled Castes, (iii) Un-Scheduled Backward Classes (provi S. Extra information gathered by the Census sional), and Tabulation strut-The following items of extra informa tion were prepared by the Census Tabulation staff :- (iv) Non-Backward Classes (provisional). (1) Number oj children oj school-going age in each He also required that a list of un-Scheduled Ba.ck village or locality in the State.--The Director of Public ward Classes (provisional) should be prepared from Instruction, Madras, wanted information in .respect of the National Registers of Uttizens. The Tabulation children of school-going age of the age group 6-17 in Officers had already been furnished with lists of each district, villagewar. As there are no age tables Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and non-Backward for the total population and as the age group specified Classes in Madras State. The Tabulation Officers is not found in the age groups prescribed for the Age were informed t,hat communjties which did not come Tables relating to Sample population, tue information under any of the three foregoing lists should be treated required could be collected only from the National as un-Scheduled Backward Classes. The Table relllot Registers of Citizens. This work was, therefore, ing to household pattern invo'lved considerable ordered to be done when the Primary Census Abstracts amount of work but it presents very good a.nd useful were prepared as some of the columns of theso abstracts information for the Backward Classes Commission's had to be written up from the National Registers of work. Citizens. But as the work of compiling the age (5) Percentage oj literacy in respect oj SchedukrI group figures sex-war interfered with sorting work a Custe.s, Scheduled Tribes and other Backward CWSSC8. good deal, it was stopped when regular sorting began. At the instance of the Ministry of Education, Govern It was taken up later and completed by a few compiler ment of India, the Madras Government asked for this checkers who were told off for that work in each information. The informa.tion was compiled and fur Tabulation Office. nished accordingly to the Government of Madras. (2) Nu.mber oj households in each district.-The A staff of six compiler-checkers helped by a supervisor Economic Adviser to the Government of Madras worked at it for a month. required information regarding the number of families (6) List oj villages with their 1951 Census popula (households) in each district in the. State. This tion in certain districts.-At th(t instance of the information was required urgently long before materials Chairman, Committee of Direction, for Table C-I were gathered. Compiler-checkers were West Godavari, All-India Rural Credit Survey, given instructions to prepare necessary information Cuddapsh, Reserve Bank of India, Bombay, the Kumool, Chingle from the Primary Census Abstracts as soon as they put, Coirntatore, Registrar-General requested the were completed for a whole district. Ramanathapuram Superintendent of Census Operations and Malabar. (3) Total population, oj Scheduled Castes in each to prepare a list of towns and villages 'village or town in the State.-Information rega.rding the in each of the dil'.tricts noted in the total population and the population of the Scheduled margin with the 1951 Census population figures for Castes separately in every village or panchayat or each. town in each district was required by the District For the quick preparation and despatch of the Panchayat Officers and Deputy Panchayat Officers lists, the following staff was. sanctioned for a period of in the districts in connexion with the formulation of 1,1; days from the date of appointment :- proposals for the reconstitution of existing Panchayats 1 Census Tabulation Office, Pallavaram- a.nd for the constitution of new Panchayats in accord 1 compiler-checker. ance with the prov5s1ons of the Madras Village Panchayats Act, 1950. These figures had to be 2 Census Tabulation Office, Pithapuram- compiled from the Primary Census Abstracts and the 1 compiler-oheckor. National Registers of Citizens. The Government of 3 Census Tabulation Office, Cannanore- Madras sanctioned the appointment of a special staff 1 compiler-checker, for compiling the information required. Opportunity 4 Census Tabula.tion Office, Bellary- was taken to combine item (1) with this work by 2 compiler-oheckers. strengthening this staff with one or two compiler 5 Census Tabulation Office, Pala.yamkottai- checkers in each Tabulation Office. 2 compiler-chockers. (4) Tables J(Yf the Backward Classes' Commission (7) List of houscholds in 56 villagcs selected fmm and the list of un-Scheduled Backward Glasses. seven districts.-In connexion with the re-organiza.tion The Registrar-General, India, required that a statistical 'and extension of credit facilities in the rural areas, the Reserve Bank of India proposed to conduct a (9) Preparation of statements showing the repre .country-wide enquiry into rural credit. So far as sentation of the people in the State Assembly and House the Madras State' was concerned, the enquiry was to of the People constituencies.-The Election Commission be conducted in 56 villages, i.e., eight villages in each asked for statements showing the representation of -of the seven selected districts. F()r this purpose, the people from each constituency in the State Legis the Reserve Bank of India, Madras, wanted copies of lative Assembly and in the House of the People and Census lists of households in the selected villages containing also a detailed analysis of the election {)ontaining the particulars about the Census number of results. These statements were asked to be prepared. houses and the name of the head of the household. separately one for each State Assembly constituency 'The information was collected from the National and one for each HOUS6 of the People constituency. Registers of Citizens relating to the vlllages concerned. Further, five copies of each statement were asked to For the quick preparation and despatch of the lists, be prepared. Four sets of the statement were to be .sanction was accorded for the employment of addi stitched together in register forms separately for the tional compiler-checkers for a. period of fifteen days Legiolative> Assembly and for the House of the People ill each of t,he following Tabulation offices :- constituency in the State. One set of the statements was to te kept in loose form so that they might be 1 Census Tabulation Office, Pallavaram-2 com used for sorting like Census slips. The Superintendents piler-checkers. of Census Operations were requested to furnish parti culars of population of the constituencies, their distri 2 Census Tabulation Office, Pithapuram-2 com bution by livelihood classes, special social groups a.nd piler-checkers. literacy standard. Particulars of voters in each 3 Census Tabulation Office, Cannanore-2 com constituency were also a&ked to be shown by sexes piler-chaJkers. and with rural/urban break up. The Chief Electoral 4 Census Tabulation Office, Bellary-4 eompiler Officers were requested to fumish information regarding checkers. particulars of each constituency, t,he voters therein 5 Census Tabulation Office, Palayamkottai- and of the elected representatives. As the compilation 4 compiler-checkers. of particulars of population of each constituency would involve much labour, time and cost, especially (8) Lists of village8 taluk-war in each district having as there was too much divergence between consti population between 1,000 and 5,000.-ln connexion tuencies and administrative units to which the Census with the opening of rural post offices in villages which tracts corresponded, the Regist.rar-General directed still remained without post 0 lices, the Postmaster that the population of each constituency should be General, Madras, asked for a list of villages taluk-war based on the application of a given formula. He also in each district having a population of 2,000 and above infttrudted that it was not necessary to work out figures according to the 1951 Census. A list of villages having constituency-wise for rural, nrban, livelihood class, a population between 1,000 and 5,000 was prepared special groups, litera-cy, etc., on the basis of this from the Primary Census Abstracts and furnished to . approximate population, but that it was sufficient the Postmaster-General. The following staff was if these figures were given for districts in the case of engaged for this work in each of the Tabulation Offices Assembly constituencies a.nd natural divisions in the mentioned below ;- . case of the House of the People constituencies. 9. Preparation and scrutiny of District Census 1 Tabulation Office, Vizianagaram-2 clerks for Handbook.-Under the scheme of the 1951 Census seven days. Tabulation Plan, the Government of India offered to 2 Tabula.tion Office, Pithapuram-l compiler hand over to the State Governments the Census checker for two weeks. tables and the abstracts prepared in the course Qf 3 Tabulation Office, Beilary -1 compiler alIOrting and ta.bul&tion and suggested that they might checker for fifteen days. be printed by the State Government and published with the addition of any other useful information 4 Tabula.tion Office, Pallavaram-2 compiler relating to the district. The proposal was aceepted checkers for one week. by tbe }Iadras Government with certain modifications 5 Tabulation Office, Mayuram-l compiler in G.O. No .. 1935, Public (Elections), dated l8th July checker for three weeks. 1951, as reVISed by G.O. No. 1483, Public (Elections) 6 Tabulation Office, Pa.layamkottai-2 com dated 3rd June 1952 (Appendix V). The Regionai piler-checkm's for eight days. Tabulation offices were instructed to prepare five copies of the Handbook and send them on to me. The 7 Tabulation Office, Cannanore-l compiler Regional offices which had no facility to typewrite checker for six days. all the tables and abstracts aITanged to prepare either 8 Tabulation Office, Mangalore-l compiler manuscript copies or copies made with pencil carbon checker for one day. pll.p6r. The work was found to be one of considerable 54 magnitude and had to be done in a hurry. When (ii) Pormatirm of Tabulation Regir:rTl8.-For pur these copies were received in my office it wa.... found poses of abstraction and compilation the Madras State that in many cases the tables had been copied on was divided into eight regions. The principle of pooling flimsy paper without proper ruling and were found to together areas with the same regional vernacular contain a number of copying mistakes. Some of the was ('f course kept in view_ A list 'of regions and tables had practically to be re-copied in my office by names of districts comprised in each has boon given in employing additional staff. the appendix. Excepting the regions of Mangalore 10. Transfer of Census records from Tabulation and Cannanore the others consisted. of three distncts Offices to districts.-Instructions issued by me in I'6gard and more. As the sorting work had to be completed to the transfer of Census records from the Regional in all the offices at the same time a large number of Tabulation Offices are contained in my Circular sorters had to be appointed (300 to 500) in each ofth!} No. 1633/51-2, dated 26th November 1951-vide bigger regional offices. This was found to be quit!} Appendix VI. My proposals regarding the storage of inconvenient from various aspects. First, there was slips and National Registers in Collectors' Offices difficulty in finding accommodation for housing such a W6re approved by the Government in their Order large staff. This difficulty was a serious one in somt} Ms. No. 2981, Public (Elections), dated 26th Novem places. Owing to the dearth of suitable big buildings, ber 1951. the sorting staff had to be scattered in various houses, each at considerable distance from the others creating ll. Miscellaneous-(i) Ddirnitntio'n of Oensus tra~ts. difficulty of supervision by the Deputy Superintendent. A list showing the Census tracts formed for the 1951 Secondly, recruitment of suitable staff on such a hwge Census with their population is appended-Appen scale was also found difficult. Thirdly, the cOIIgre dix VII. As far as possible the principle that the gation of a ver'y large number of undisciplined temporary rural areas of each taluk should be formed into a workers created a lot of anxiety for the Deputy rural Census tract and the urban areas in each taluk Superintendents, particularly in regard to the safety should be grouped together to form a single non-city of the records. In these days when many iITespon urban tract was observed. In only a few cases where sible and undesirable characters are eager to create the taluks were small the rural areas of more than one labour troubles and other complications, it is unsound taluk were combined together to form a single rural to congregate a large staff of temporary workers at tract, but in regard to the nOll-city urbl1ll tract the one and the same place. It is certainly desirable urban areas in a number of taluks had to be grouped that in future the number of centres for abstraction together to form a single non-city urban tract. The and compilat,jon should he increased and the normal system of combining areas in more than one taluk for arrangem6nt should be one centre for every two dis compilation of statistics could not b6 considered as tricts. This would mean paying salaries and allow altogether satisfactory. In the Madras State the ances to a few more Deputy Superintendents and some taluk is an important and well recognized and familiar menial staff but the cost is w61l worth incurring as the unit, details regarding which are required by all Deputy Superintendents will be in a position to departments of Government. Except in respect of scrutinize the work of a. smaller staff more effectively population data the Census tables prepared related and the work will improve considerably in quality. only to the artificial tract units and could llot be of Administra.tive Assistants can be dispensed with great use to departments of Government. The under this scheme. system of making artificial divisions for purposes of tabulation needs examination for future Census. I would suggest that in future each taluk should be (iii) Payment of bonus to sorters.-Sorters wl1re divided into rural and urban areas irrespective of employed on a fiat rate of Rs. 70 per mensem and its size. Cities can be constituted into separate in the order of appointment the solters were informed tracts. The addition to the number of tracts will that cxtra outtuTIl. would be rewarded with bonus. have no serious consequences and will involve only a Instructions were issued by me for the calculation little more scriptory work and consumption of paper. and payment of bonus to sorters-vide Appendix VIII. SECTION ll. 1. Central Tabulation.-A staff of about 18 lower (5) Gathering material for the Census Report, division clerks and 12 copyists was sanctioned by me Part I. for Oentral Tabulation work in my office under the Item (1) is a new feature introduced at this Census supervision of the Deputy Superintendent in charge of by the Registrar-General. In the. previous Census the Regional Tabulation Office at Pallavaram. The Reports, population of taluks were adjusted only for central branch first started in the last week of Novem the previous census and formed part of Provincial ber 1951 with a staff of 4 lower division clerks taken Table I of Census Report, Part II. Even there, from the Regional Office, Pallavaram, and the rest separate figures for males and females were not avail were appointed in December 1951.· The staff was able. It was decided this time that the District strengthened by the addition of two supervisors of the Census Handbooks should contain the variation in grade of upper division clerks. This branch practi population of all taluks from 1901 to 1951. Many cally started functioning from the beginning of Janu taluks had undergone changes in area and the difficulty ary 1952. The checking of the tables was taken up was to get details for these changes and adjust the one by one. The work was retarded seriously on population of those taluks on the basis ofthes.e ohanges. account of the fact that most of the district tables I disoussed the position with the Deputy Director, received from the Regional Office, Bellary, contained Central Survey Office, Madras. The Deputy Director a number of mistakes and some of them were incom of Survey agreed to furnish details of ohanges plete. Some of the tables from the Vizianagaram in the areas of taluks from 1901 to 1951. After some Tabulation Office also contained mistakes. The tables delay (which was, of comse, inevitable in ga.thering received from other regional offices also contained a such information) the area figures were supplied by the number of mistakes. The mistakes had to be rectified Survey Office and the population of all talnks from 1901 by reference to the Compiler's Posting Statements to 1951 was adjusted. The particulars gathered at relating to the respective tracts. This took a long this census should facilitate the preparation of similar time. The Central Tabulation could be done more statistics for future censuses. quickly if the accuracy of the figures contained in the district tables could be ensured beforehand. I consider Item (3).-On aocount of the difficulties experienced that in future it is desirable to organise a Ceutral in finalising the main Ta.bles to which I have made Tabulation Branch when the operations at Regional reference in a previous paragraph, the progress in Offices are half way through, so that each table as it regard to the preparation of subsidiary tables was is prepared by the regional office might be got scruti retarded. nised and tallied in the Central Office in the same way as the State Tables are being examined at the Central For preparing the Subsidiary Tables, general Tabulation Branch of the Registrar-General's Office. instructions and pro forma were issued by the Regis As it was, considerable difficulty was experienced. for trar-General. In regard to the rounding of figures and want of this prior check particularly on account of fraotions there were no specific instructions. Where the fact that by the time the tables were taken up for percentages had to be given, the figures were rounded check in the Central Tabulation Branch the Regional off to ODe decimal place and where the figures were Tabulation Offices had ceased to exist. given in terms of so much per 1,000 or 10,000, they were rounded off to the nearest integer. Calculations 2. Preparation of subsidiary tables and other were made up to 2 decimal places in the case of per~ statistics required for Census Report.-The preparation centages and for one decimal place in the other cases. of Subsidiary Tables was taken up in January 1952 This, in' many oases, resulted in double rounding and practioally side by side with the preparation of the the figures had to be corrected at the proof stage main State Tables. I organised a separate section after they were pointed out by the Central Tabulation for attending to the following items of work :- Office. I consider that, in the light of this experience, (1) Gathering figures of population for the last it is neoessary to have definite instructions for the 5 decades in each distriot and in each taluk for pre procedure to be adopted for rounding the figures at paring Table A-II. the next census. It would be well if the data are (2) Preparation of Table A-IV relating to variation worked out to 3 decimal places where percentages are of population for 50 years in all towns. to be given and two places where figures are to be (3) Preparation of Subsidiary Tables for the presented per 1,000 or 10,000. Census Report. items (4) and (5).-A general ciroular was issued (4) Gathering figures showing growth of population to all heads of departments asking them to furnish from 1921 according to vital statistks and census with information pertaining to the activities of their depart data for migration for a review of growth of population ments which would throw light on the growth of popula and caJculation of elTors in the registtation of birt~s tion, etc. Almost all heads of departments complied and deaths and migration. with my request. But the replies received Were not all S found to be useful. While writing the Report, I D-I (il) and D-IV, I thought it best to get them printed. found that in some cases the conunents of the Depart before they were sent up to the Registrar·General for mental authorities would greatly help in explaining approval. In future, I consider it desirable that this the da.ta in the Subsidiary Tables. I addressed some procedure might be adopted in respect of all the of the Heads of Departments specifically :mentioning tables. . the points on which I wanted their comments. The replies received from them in such specific cases were 5. Arrangement made for printing the Census tables rea.lly useful. Collection of omnibus data from heads and reports.-Printing is an important item of the census work. As in the past censuses, the Registrar of departments is not likely to be useful in writing the General instructed, that the State Censns Reports Report. It would be sufficient if specific pOints a.re (Part I-Report, and Part II-Tables) should be put to them and their comments invited. For the printed and published by the State Census Superin Census Report, informa.tion had to be gathered from tendents. He therefore advised, that aarrang6meuts several sources. Miscellaneous publications of the should be made WIth the State Government Press at Government like the Season and Crop Reports, Public Madras, for pnnting and publication of thl} Madras Health Reports and the Administration Reports of Reports. All swps had to be taken even before the other Departments had to be consulted for gathering of the manuscript to ensure that figures a.nd a.lso for explaining some of the figures in compil~tion table~, the Census Ta.bles. This work of col1ecting and ta.bu no avold~ble. delay occ~d at th~ stage of printing and pubhcatIon. The Jomt Supermtendent discussed lating the data. required by me for the purpose of the question of printing and pUblication of the Reports writing the report was also done by this section. with the Superintendent, Government Press, Madras. 3. Small-seale industries.-A census of SmaJ] Scale The Government Press required information as. regards Industries was conducted in accordance with the the a.pproximate number of pages that wOcld have to instructions circula.ted with Registra.r-General's letter be printed and stipulated that a time table should be No. 116/49-Census, dated lOth February 1949. The drawn up according to which the manusoript copies Census was conducted in April 1950 and the slips should be delivered to the press, the dates on which prepared were stored in the Taluk Offices pending the proofs should be obtained from the press and the formation of the Census Tabulation Offices. Mter dates on which the proofs should be returned to the the Census Tabula.tion Offices were formed the slips Press after correction. The State GOVernment also were got from the taluk offices and the tabula.tion iS8~e? instructions t? the press, directing that top of the slips wa-s taken up in the regional office con pnonty should be gIven to the printing and publi cerned. Detailed instructions vide Appendix IX were cation of Census Reports. issued by me for the preparation of Tables I, II and III. The R~gist~ar-General issued instructions, regarding The Regional Offices confined themselves to the pre the specificatIOns according to which the Reports paration of tables for each tract. These tract-wise should be published. The Reports were to be pub tables were collected in my office and district ta.bles lished in demy quarto size (8iN X lli'I). There were 'Wer€! prepared. to be two kinds of publications-copies meant for On a scrutiny of the information relating to looms distribution a.nd sale within the country were to be in contained in the tables it was found that the census half cloth binding, and the copies meant for distri. of Sma.ll Scale Industries had not boon conducted with bution and sale in !oreign countries (the de luxe edition) the degree of accuracy required as the figures showed wete to be bound In n.a.vy blue cloth of superior quality considerable variations, when coropa.red with the and gold was to be used for lettering. The paper to be parallel figures obtained by Departments of State ~d tor printing was to be double demy, 42 lb. white Government for other purposes. The Madras prmtmg paper. I had in stock one thousa.nd reams Government therefore decided that the figures of of white printing paper, double foolsca.p, 20 lb. This looms collected could not be relied upon and should not I exchanged with the Superintendent, Government therefore be published. The information ga.thered Press, Madras, for proportionate quantity of double in other respects were, however, tabulated a.nd put demy, 42 Ih. paper kept in stock in his office, with into the District Census Handbook for what they were the concurrence of the Government of Madras. worth. The 1951 Census Report for Madras a.nd Coorg 4. Fair copying of completed tables.-Jn a temporary Par~ II, covered 624 pages of printed matter. As th~ office like the Census Office fair copying work parti RegIstrar-General had instructed, tha.t the maximum cualarly in respect of long tables had to be done by num?er of pages in any single publication should be typists engaged for the time being. These typists restricted to 400, Part IT was split up into two voluroes 1Vel'e not upto the mark and committed mistakes Part II-A consisting of Tables A, Band E series and many of which escaped notice when the fair copies Part II-B consisting of Tables C and D series. The were examined. In order to avoid the trouble of Registrar-General di~cted that 1,500 copies of each having to type·copy the long tables like B·m, D·I (i). volume should be pnnted-250 copies in de lux~ ·57 edition and 1,250 copies in cheap edition. The sale less than three proofs were called for from the press. price of the de luxe edition was fixed at Rs. 12 plus four One set of the first correoted proof was sent to the anuas for every 25 pages of printed matter. The sale Registrar-General for scrutiny and a.pproval. On price of the half cloth bound edition was fixed at receipt of his approval, the final proof was approved Rs. 1-8-0 plus four annas for every 25 pages of printed by me. Before binding the volume after striking ma.tter, but the price of the cheap edition was subject the final copies, they w~re scrutinized once again in to a maximum of Rs. 5 per copy. The Registrar General also laid down the scale of free distribution my office. The printed matter was checked once more of the 1951 Census .[!ublications in each Sta.te. If the in my office and an eITa.ta li!>t was prepared, printed State Governments';.oquired additional copies, they and pasted in the appropriate place in all copies of were asked to obtain'them on payment of price. the Ta.bles. The statement below shows the time Great care was taken to avoid errors in printing the taken for printing and binding the required number of Census Reports, especially in respect of figures. Not copies of the 1951 Census Reports, Parts I and II. Statement showing the time taken for printing and binding the GenBU8 Reports, Part8 I and II. Date of Date of deBpatch of Date of retum Date of ,Date on whieh Part, number, title, despateh of Date of receipt printed of approved issue oj final printed Sklte. cW., of the publi. ma.nuscnpt of fir8t prooJto proof from the final and bO'Und cation. to the proof. Registrar- Registrar. Btnke copies were ·pre8s• General'8 General. order. reoeived. office. Madras and Census Report, Part I, 17th April 27th May 16th April 7th May 16th July Coorg. Subsidiary Tables. 1952. 1952. 1953. 1953. 1953. Part I--Census Report 20th October 30th Novem. Do. 14th May Do. proper. 1952. ber 1952. 1953. Part II-A-A Series. 24th March 8th April 7th July 4th Septem. 30th January Final bound copies 1952. 1952 to 1952. ber 1952. 1953. of Part II·A 15th April and Part H.B 1952. (De luxe and cheap editions) received from . the Press on 19th . Mareh 1953. Part II-A-B Series. 3rd April 17th April 16th July 24th October Do. Do. 1952 to 1952 to 1952. 1952 and 26th April 9th May 21st Novllm- 1952. 1952. ber 1952. Part II-A-E Series. 10th May 28th August 11th Decem. Do. Do. 1952. 1952. ber 1952. Part II-B-C Series .• 3rd April 22nd July 16th October Do. Do. 1952 to 1952. 1952. 10th May 1952. Part II·B-D Series. 14th April 18th July 12th Septem. Do. Do. 1952. 1952. ber 1952, 15th Octo· ber 1952 and 21st November 1952. The Government Press, Madras, began to put metal got locked up in the printing of the reports. the matter relating to the Census Reports in print The Superintendent, Government Press, Madras, pro in April 1952. Final bound copies of the Ta.bles OOstoo against this, as he required the metal for printing volumes were received in the month of March 1953. other urgent work. Steps should be taken at the I gave orders for the release of the metal used for next census to soo that there is no a.voidable delay in printing the Ta.bles volumes Boon after. The matter the passing of proofs and in issuing orders for striking relating to the Census Report, Part I, was put in the finaJ copies. print during Ma.y to November 1952. Till the end of August 1953, orders had not been issued for the I have prepared this report in consultation with publication of that report. Over twenty tons of Sri S. Venkateswaran, I.O.S .. J. I. ARPUTHANATHAN, Superintendent of GenB'U8 Operations for Madra8 and Coorg. 8A. 58 "Ii! § l ',".. "">-§ Q) ~ ..s "" ...~ ~ ""~'" ~ ;l ..::0 $;," ~ ~ .: t~ 1'" ~~ ~ .~ "0- l-i ~~ ~ "'~ l-j §t: Co. § N'" ~ OJ .~'S rep, ,$l'"t3 <: .s§ ::-;..,-~ '"t3 ...,~ ""..:: ·t~ ",,<= ':5"" oS ~ ~ ;!~ ~'" ...~ ..~ ~ ~ ~ .§:;:: ~ "*'"£ 1S'" ~ f)9 APPEN Statement showi'll{J the stationery articles indented for and Pallavaram. Vizianagaram. Pithapwtam. ,----""'-----. ..--- -. ,-----"'------., Serial number ana description oj artiole8. Indented Supplied. Indented Supplied. Indented Supplied. for. /OT. for. I Typewriting paper, foolscap folio, 31 lb. 2 reams. 2 reams, 1 ream. 1 ream. 1 ream. 1 ream. 2 Blotting paper, white, demy, 98 lb., 221" x 171" t i .. t .. .. Envelopes- 3 S.E. 3, 51" X 41-" 250 250 200 200 200 H 4 S.E. 7, 16 X 6' 250 250 200 200 200 5 S.E. 8, 16" x 12" 250 250 200 200 200 6 Erasers-Ink and pencil 1 1 1 7 Ink, blueblack, for fountain pens, 4 oz. a phial :3 3 3 2 2 8 Ink, red, for fountain pens, 4 oz. a phial 2 2 packets 1 1 packet 1 1 paaket of pow. of pow. of pow. der. der. der. 9 Pencil rubber, soft 10 doz. 6 doz. 8 doz. 10 Pen nibs, red ink 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 11 Pen nibs, blaok ink 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 12 Pen holders, olerical 38 doz. 38 doz. 26 doz. 26 doz. 34 doz. 34 doz. 13 Pen holders, officers 4 4 4 4: 4, 4, H 14 Long cloth, 36 •• 3 yds. 3 yds. 3 yds, 15 Penoil, red, blue and green 1 red and 1 redand 1 1 red and blue. blue. blue. 16 Peneil, lead, ordinary, hard middling, soft 38 doz. S7~ doz. 26 doz. 26 doz. 34 doz. 34 doz. 17 Docket punoh, I lb. 1 1 1 1 1 1 18 Bodkins .• 2 2 2 2 2 2 19 Wooden rulers, round, 24' 2 2 2 20 Tape, white, t" roll of 50 yards 1 roll. I roll. 1 roll. I roll. 1 roll. I roll. 21 Twine, coloured, in balls of 4 oz. 4 balls. 4 balls. 4 balls. 22 Gum, liquid, 5 oz. a bottle t doz. I doz. t doz. 1- doz. t doz. t doz• 23 Knives, desk 2 .3 2 24 Needles, large 2 2 2 2 2 2 25 Needles, SIllall 2 2 2 .3 2 2 26 Paper clips, foolsoap .3 2 2 2 2 2 27 Paper weights, glass 2 2 2 2 2 2 28 Pius. steel t doz. ! doz. ! doz. ! doz. ! doz. ! doz. packets. paokets, packets, paokets. packets. packets. 29 S()jBBora 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 Tags, cotton (white, 5", 200 200 200 31 Thread, cotton, in balls of 2 tolas 1 doz. 1 doz. 1 doz. 32 Routine note·sheet blocks (semi bleached of 100 5 Ii 4 4 4 4 sheets). 33 Rubber stamp ink, anilene violet 2 2 2 2 2 2 34 Uninked pad for rubbsr stamps 2 2 2 2 2 J 61 -nIX II. -8'Upplied to the Regional Tabulation Offices in Madras State. Bellary. Mayuram. Palayamkottai. OannanOJ'e. MangalOJ'e. ,---_ ,---"""---, ... --, ~--.... ,-----"""-~ ...... ---"------. Indented Supplied. 1.ndented Supplied. Indented Supplied. Indented Supplied. Indented Supplied. j01'. jor. 101'. for. for. 1 relUIl. 1 ream. 1 ream. 1 ream. 1 ream. I ream. I ream. I ream. I ream. 1 ream. I ! ! .. ! " ! " t ", t t " t " t " :200 200 200 200 250 200 150 200 200 200 200 250 200 150 200 200 200 200 250 200 150 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 I packet 1 1 packet I 1 packet 1 packet 1 packet of pow- of pow· of pow. of pow. of pow. der. der. der. der. der. 7 doz. 9 do:r;. 11 doz. 4 doz. 2 doz. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 2 gr. 28 doz. 28 doz. 37 doz. 37 doz. 44 doz. 44 doz. 18 doz. 18 doz. 9 doz. 9 doz. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 yds. 3 yds. 3 yds. 3 yds. 3 yds. 3 yds. 1 red and 1 I red and I I red and 1 red and 1 red and 1 blue. blue. blue. blue. blue. 28 doz. 28 doz. 37 doz, 37 doz. 44 doz. 44 doz. 18 doz. 18 doz. 9 doz. 9 doz. 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 roll. I roll. I roll. I rOll. I roll. I roll. I roll. 1 roll. I roll. 1 roll. 4 balla. 4 balla. 4 balla. 4 balls. 4 balls. l doz. t doz, ! doz. t doz. 1 doz. t doz. ! doz. t doz. I doz. I doz. 2 2 2 .. .' 2 2 2 2 2 2· 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 t doz. ! doz. ! doz. i doz. ! doz. ! doz. ! doz. ! doz. ! doz. ! doz, paokets. packets. packets. pa.ckets. packets. packets. packets. packets. packets. packets. I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 200 200 200 200 200 1 doz. 1 doz. 1 doz. 1 doz. 1 doz. 3 3 4 4 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 .2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 APPENDIX III. Proceedi1tfl8 01 the Censu8 Oonference of the Deputy Supe'lq,nterulents held at Madras on the 21st and 22rulJuly 1951. A Conference of Deputy Superintendents of the Census distributed to the sorters under each Supervisor in such Regional Sorting and Tabulation Offices and Census a manner as to ensure roughly equal distribution of slips, Central Tabulation Office in Madras State was held at deviations being made, however, for securing that each Pallavaram on the 21st and 22nd July 1951 for considering sorter has with him the enumeration slips and the National the results of the trial tabulation conducted by them Registers of Citizens relating to complete local units. and for discussing suggestions for the conduct of the regular The scrutiny of the enumeration slips and the rectification sorting and tabulation operations on efficient and uniform of omissions and mistakes in them will be the next process. lines. The Superintendent of Census Operations presided. This scrutiny should be done efficiently as, if the pads are The Deputy Superintendents recounted their experiences, broken up once, rectification will become difficult. The the 'difficulties they met with in sorting the slips for the more thorough the scrutiny, the easier will be the sorting various Sorter's tickets and explained their own problems operations. regarding accommodation for housing the staff and keeping the records, recruitment of suitable candidates, etc. Where column 9 (2) in the slip has been incorrectly The methods adopted in each Tabulation Office during filled up, or left blank, in respect of Agricultural classes, trial tabulation for checking the records and the prepara i.e., cases marked' 1 " '2', '3', or '4' in column 10, tion of various Sorter's tickets right up to the stage of the incorrect entries need not be correoted. preparation of the Census' Abstract of Sample Households Supervisors and Compiler-checkers in each team were also reviewed. The following decisions were taken :- should be entrusted with part of the work of scrutinising (i) Preliminary check of OenSU8 records.-Some of the the slips for mistakcs and omissions. They should do Deputy Superintendents represented that the counting not more than 500 slips a day in addition to their over of slips in the enumeration pads relating to a village or check of sorter's work. ward for the purpose of verifYing with the provisional In the course of the scrutiny of the individual slips figures furnished in each enumerator's abstract was found for the rectification of omissions and mistakes, each sorter to be fruitless in most cases, as enumerator's blocks seldom should make out a list of occupations, other than Agricul represented whole villages or easily ascertainable portions ture recorded in Question No. 10 of the enumeration of a village and that sometimes entries relating to more slip and hand over the list to the Supervisor of his team, than one enumerator's block were found to have been after the cheoking for omissions has been oompleted. made in the same pad. It was agreed that the counting The Supervisor should collect the lists and prepare an of slips at this stage might be dispensed with. The follow· alphabetical list of sub-groups for the tract taking carc to ing procedure was laid down instead by the Superintendent bring together groups with similar descriptions. He should of Census Operations:- ' then assign Code Numbers under the Indian Census Census records received from the Charge Superinten. Economic Classification Scheme and after approval by dents should be checked separately by charges. Sorters the Deputy Superintendent, get as many copies prepared should be told off in pairs for this purpose and each pair as there are sorters in his team. The sorter should refer entrusted with a charge. Compiler-checkers and Super to these lists freely for separating the livelihood classes visors should over-check their work. The sorters entrusted for Sorter's ticket ' 0 '. This list should also be used for with the work of check should scrutinise whether all the preparing Hcading slips for Sorter's ticket' 2 '. !}numeration pads and the National Registers of Citizens In paragraph 4 of Circular No. 804{51-3, dated the that the Charge Superintendents claim to have sent, 15th June 1951, it has been directed that the second have been received. Of the two partners, one will be in stage of sorting should be taken up for all the slips of all charge 'of the enumeration pads and the other in oharge the tracts, only after the first stage is completed for all the of the National Registers of Citizens. After scrutiny slips for all the tracts. The following alternative is also is over, each partner will arrange his records, viz., the suggested for adoption :- enumeration pads and the National Registers of Citizens respectively according to their Location Oode Numbers A sorter may complete all the stages for a tract, and see whether all the local units in the charge have been before he takes up the slips of another tract. fully accounted for. If either the enumeration pads or the National Registers of Oitizens are missing in respect (iii) Sorter's ticket '0 '.-(a) An additional column of any local unit, the other partner must be asked to check should be opened in Sorter's ticket '0' with the heading whether the corresponding records are missing on his 'Total' with sub-columns for' Males' and' Females '. side also. In respect of local units for which any missing This column can be opened conveniently in the space records cannot be accounted for even after such verifica available in column (1) of the ticket. The totals under tion and scrutiny by the Compiler-checkers and Super General slips, Sample slips and slips of Displaced persons visors, the Charge Superintendents concerned must be under each sex should be entered in the new column. addressed immediately and their answers obtained, and These totals will be useful for preparing the final copy reported to the Superintendent of Census Operations, of the Primary Census Abstract. Madras, if their answers are not completely satisfactory. (b) The tracts in which the slips relating to (ti) Scrutiny of tke slips in the enumeration pads lor Displaced persons are found should be taken up first for mistakes and omissions.-The enumeration pads and the sorting. The slips relating to Displaced persons should corresponding National Registers of Citizens should be be removed for being dealt with separately. 63 Cc) When once the slips relating to Displaced far the registers could be relied on for gathering information persons have been taken out, the sorting for' G ' and'S' required for filling up columIlS (4), (5), (9). (10), (II) and (12) slips, can be done by adopting the following method :- of the Primary Census Abstract. The more serious of the . Mark out two pigeon-holes with the letters 'G' and defects noticed should be noted and a report should be 'S '. Place five slips in the pigeon-hole marked' G', then submitted to the Superintendent of Census Operations, one slip in the h~le ~arked 'S'. There~fte~, for every as soon as the registers for each charge have boon scruti nine slips placed m pIgeon-h~le :nark~ G place one nised. The defects noticed should be illustrated with slip in the pigeon-hole marked S ,untIl the total number examples for each taluk and municipality. of slips left is less than 9. Make a no:e of th~ number Information required for filling up columns (4), (5), (9), of the remaining slips and throw them ill the pIgeon-hole (10), (11) and (12) of the Primary Census Abstract has to be marked' G '. gathered from the National Registers of Citizens. This Division into livelihood class and categor'lJ.-Mter information should be gathered in advance of the prepara the operation for the separation of the livelihood class tion of Sorter's ticket ' 0 '. The information to be furnish under each sex has been completed, the slips relating to ed in column (4) of the Primary Census Abstract has to be • each livelihood class should be made into a bundle and the gathered from column( 1)of the National Register of Citizens, top slip of each bundle should be marked prominently but, if this column has been left blank in the Na.tional with the symbol" G M ", "G F ", "S M It, " SF", etc., Register of Citizens, the number of houses can be ascer. and the means of livelihood number and the number of tained by a reference to the list of house numbering blocks slips in the bundle should be entered against the mark. or the charge list submitted by the Charge Superintendents along with their census records, and if this is not possible, There should be a cent per cent scrutiny of the slips the Deputy Superintendents should arrange to obtain sorted for livelihood classes for Sorter's ticket '0 " and the information immediately from the Tahsildar or the also in respect of the number of slips counted by the Municipal Commissioner, as the case may be. sorter and entered in the sorter's ticket under each class and category. To enable this to be done systematically, lf column (3) of the National Register of Citizens it has been considered desirable to increase the number with reference to which the entries in column (5) of the of Compiler· checkers to the original sanctione~ strength PrinIary Census Abstract have to be made, is blank, for a period of one month. The Deputy Supermtendents the information required can be obtained by counting the may entertain the hands and should report the progress number of entries marked' 1 ' in column (5) of the National made after the lapse of three weeks and state whether Register of Citizens. will the continuance of that staff be necessary for any lf the information required for filling up columns (9) further period. This additional Compil~r c~ecker~' s:a!f and (10) of the Primary Census Abstract, viz., inmates of should be appointed only when Sorter s tICket 0 18 institutions and houaeless persons cannot be gathered taken up. Formal orders in this regard will be issued from the National Registers of Citizens, the Charge Superin separately. tendents should be asked to furrrish the numbers of houses Owing to the shortage of sorter months, it has boon representing the institutions in each block. As regards decided not to prepare lists of defects and omissions houseless persons, the information can be easily gathered noticed by the Deputy .Superinte~~ents in the enum?rat~on from the entries marked' 0' in column (1) of the National slips and National RegIsters of CItIZens for commumcatlOn Register of Citizens. the Revenue Divisional Officers. However, sorters to A count of the total population of each village/ward should be required to make a note ~ pencil of the defec~s according to the National Register of Oitizens should be and omissions rectified by them m the course of theIr made and struck, before the pads are broken up for Sorter's scrutiny, as this will e?able the Compiler-checke~s and ticket < 0 '. In cases where the total population according Supervisors to get an Idea of the thoroughness III the check made by each sorter. to the National Register of Citizens exceeds the total population represented by the number of slips in tb Sorter's ticket 'L '.-Mter counting for Sorter's pads relating to the village/ward, it is necessary to verify ticket' 0 " Sorter's ticket' L' should be taken up. Sort the entries in the slips with the National Register of Citizens ing for ticket 'L' should be done by hand_ The left and if it is found that there are no enumeration slips for any hand corner of the slips should be turned for the purpose oUhe entries in the National Register of Citizens the slips of noting the entry in column (13). Cases marked' 1 ' should be reconstructed with reference to the entries or ' 2 ' should be pulled out and kept separately. They in the National Register of Citizens. In so reconstructing should be sorted for ' 1 ' and ' 2 ' and the numbers noted the slips the following procedure should be observed :_ in the Sorter's ticket' L' in the appropriate column. Unless the entries in the National Register of Citizens NOTE.-The totals to be entered in oolums 2, 5, 8, 11, 14. indicate the date of arrival in the Indian Union, the person 17 20 and 23 ore the totals of the leprosy cases and doubtful should be treated as one born in that district (Question 5), ca~s under the appropriate class and category and not the as one who is not a Displaced Person (Question 6), as one total population. whose mother-tongue is the most important regional (iv) NationaZ Registers of CitiZB1!8.-Although it is language without a Second language (Questions 7 and 8). not proposed to make any detailed check or comparison and as one who is free from leprosy. of the National Registers of Citizens with the enumemtion (v) Primary Cen8U8 Ab8tract.-The Primary Census slips, there should be a general sorutiny of ~he Nationa.l Abstract should be written by the Compiler-checker. Registers of Citizens for the purpose of finding out how For facilitating the writing up of the Primary Censua 9 Abstract, the information gathered by the sorters from the not exceed 60, four pigeon.holes can be used, two of them National Registers of Citizens for filling up columns (4), (5), being placed upside down on the other two placed side by (9,) (10), (11) and (12) should be recorded in ink on the side. If the number exceeds 60, both sides of the pigeon. back of the first of the series of Sorter's ticket' 0' relating holes should be used. Slips describing the livelihood sub. to each village/ward. groups under the livelihood class for which the sorting is being made should be pasted in alphabetical order at the Columns (1) to (3) of the Primary Census Abstract top of each pigeon.hole. Against each livelihood sub should be filled up in advance by the Supervisor himself group the appropriate group code number under the Indian with reference to the Location Code statement or the Census Economic Classification Scheme should also be statement of villages, panchayats, etc., showing the total marked. number of house numbering blocks or both. Columns (6), (7) and (8) should be filled up from Sorter's ticket '0'. Sorter's ticket' 4 '.-Persons who have completed the Second Standard, but who have not passed the Fifth As regards columns (11) and (12), in all cases where the Standard of an Elementary School should be treated as population figures of the village or ward according to the persons' able to read only.' Persons who have passed the National Register of Citizens agree with those arrived at by Fifth standard of an Elementary School or any other sorting the slips for sorter's ticket' 0 ' the total of literates as higher examination should be treated as ' literate.' per column (16) ofthe National Register of Citizens should be adopted. Where the figures of population of villagel Sorter's ticket '6 '.-Lists of Scheduled Castes, Sche. ward according to National Register of Citizens differ from duled Tribes and Non.backward classes have been furnished the figures obtained from the sorting of slips, the following to Deputy Superintendents. A community; other than procedure should be adopted :- Anglo-Indians which does not find a place in any of those three lists should be regarded as a Backward class. Where Rural tracts.-If the difference between the totals there is doubt, the test to find out whether a particular according to National Register of Citizens and slip totals community is really backward or non-backward is to ascer is 1 per cent or less, the figures in National Register of tain whether that community gets concessions from the Citizens for literates may be adopted without any altera Government in respect of education,' housing, land tion and the rest of the population according to the figures assignments, etc. obtained from sorting of slips treated as illiterate. If the Sorter'8 ticket ' 10 '.-(a) The expression " Middle difference exceeds 1 per cent, the figures for literates School," in column (1) of Sorter's ticket (l0), may be taken obtained from the National Register of Citizens should be to mean, persons who have passed Third Form, or an raised or lowered in the proportion in which the figures of equivalent examination, but who have not passed the population according to the Sorter's ticket' 0' bear to the Matriculation or S.S.L.C. or S.L.C~ Higher Secondary figures of population according to National Register of Examination. Citizens and the figures so raised or lowered should be entered in pencil in columns (11) and (12) of the Primary (b) Column (2) of Sorter's ticket' 10 ' should be split Census Abstract tentatively. The totals of columns (11) up into five sub·columns as below :_ and (12) of the Primary Census Abstract for the tract should " (al Total. then be struck. These figures should be compared with (b) Scheduled Castes. the totals as per Sorter's ticket' 10' (all tickets) and the difference adjusted suitably among the pencil figures (e) Scheduled Tribes .. entered in columns (11) and (12). (d) Backward Classes. (e) Others including Anglo-Indians." Urban tracts.-The procedure will be the same as for rural tracts, except that a difference of only half per cent After completing Sorter's ticket' 6 " the bundles of slips and less can be ignored and that difference above that for Non·backward classes and Anglo.Indians for all religions limit should be adjusted in the manner indicated above. should be combined and kept in one bundle. The bundles of slips for Scheduled Castes for all religions should Sorter's ticket' Special' .-Where the month of arrival be combined and kept separately. Similarly, the bundles of a. ' Displaced person ' is not given in the enumeration of slips relating to Scheduled Tribes and Backward classes !!lip, the date of arrival should be taken as 1st July of that for all religions should be bundled and kept in separate year, i.e., the year given in the slip. bundles. These four bundles of slips, viz., bundles relating to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes Serial orrkr of sorting.-The operations for Sorter's and Others (Non-backward Classes and Anglo.Indians tickets, whether for General or Sample slips, should follow combined) should be thrown for Sorter's ticket ' 10 ' sepa the numerical order, except for Sorter's ticket' 6', which rately and the totals entered in the appropriate sub should be taken up after Sorter's ticket' 9 '. column in column '2). Sorter's ticket '2 '.-A convenient arrangement for Oompilation of figures for unproductive occupations. getting through the sorting for sorter's ticket' 2 ' is to use EconOmically inactive persons, who at the same time are pigeon-holes with a large number of holes for sorting. self-supporting persons, are to be classified under the 5 sub The ordinary pigeon-hole supplied to each Tabulation Office groups, items (i) to (v) mentioned in paragraph 4 of the contains 15 holes. For the purpose of Sorter's ticket' 2 " Instructions for Sorter's ticket' 2 I, and shown under the wooden pigeon-holes supplied to each office should be the appropriate category in livelihood Class VIII in Sorters' placed side by side if the number of livelihood sub.groups ticket ' 2 ' without any group code number or entries in for the tract does not exceed 30. If it exceeds 30, but does columns (4), (5) and (6). The entries relating to such persons 65 should be transposed in the livelihood group abstracts but with a little experience every sorter should be in relating to livelihood cllll38 VIII in separate sections at the a position to increase his speed. Every Deputy Superinten bottom. The figureS relating to these classes should be dent and the Administrative Assistants under him should posted in Posting Statement No.6, relating to Livelihood make the sorters put forth their maximum effort and Class VIII by adding five more columns at the end with produce an out turn which should be much larger than heading marked with the description in items (i) to (v) the outturns now fixed. referred to above but without any sub-columns for Census of Small.scale Industries.-The work relating to employer, employee and independent worker. The the sorting of slips relating to Small·Scale Industries should information so posted should be shown in the fly leaf be taken up at once and should be entrusted to a separate of the Economic Table III. staff of two compiler-checkers under the supervision of the Outturn for sorters.-The following outturn of work Technical Assistant and finally checked by the Deputy for each sorter has been fixed tentatively. Deputy Super Superintendent himself. For the Mangalore and Canna intendents should watch the actual outturn in the case of nore centres, however, only one compiler-checker for each every sorter and submit a weekly report along with the office should be appointed. The slips received from the weekly Progress Report, to enable the Superintendent of Tahsildar should be carefully scrutinized. Where the Census Operations to revise the outturns suitably, if information required for making the three tables are not necessary_ available, the slips should be returned to the Tahsildar for rectification and return. The tables rleating to Small. (1) Preliminary verification and checking of enumera Scale Industries should be got ready along with the other tion pads and National Registers.-Checking has to be done Tables. Special care should be taken by the Deputy very carefully and efficiently. It is not, therefore, possible Superintendents to get back any slips sent to the Tahsildars to prescribe any outturn for this work. for rectification of defects in time to enable the slips being (2) Rectification oj omissions and mistakes in slips- sorted for the tables. 400 slips per hour. Sample verifLCation of the Census Count.-It was decided (3) Sorter's tickets' 0'- that, instead of sending the related section.~ of the original National Registers of Citizens to the Chief Verifying Officer, PER extracts from the Registers should be made and sent. For HOUR. this purpose it would be necessary to appoint section. (a) First operation 1,000 writers. Deputy Superintendents should apply imme. (b) Second operation-Classification into 1,200 diately for sanction for the appointment of section.writers male and female. for their area specifying the number of entries to be copied (c) Third operation-Livelihood Class and the number of section-writers they propose to employ Rural 900 so that the copying may be finished in a week. The Urban 600 instructions in G.O. No. 1787, Public (Elections), dated (4) Sorter's ticket' L ' 2,000 30th June 1951, relating to the verification of the three (5) Totalling columns of 750 ' lines of the occupiqd houses nearest to and situated in the same block National Register of Citi National Register of as the sample household have since been modified. Veri zens for writing up the Citizen~. fication Officers have to note in column (18) of the Sample Primary Census abstract. Verification Form the house numbers of these three occupied (6) Throwing for tracts and No outturn is pre- houses. On return of the Sample Verification Forms to the box-making. scribed. Regional Tabulation Office, the Deputy Superintendent concerned should check whether the three house numbers (7) Sorter's ticket 1 (three operation 500 mentioned in column (18) find place in the related section combined). of the National Registers of Citizens and should put a tick (8) Sorter's ticket 2 (Combined outturn). 250 or a cross mark, as the case may be, against the house (9) Sorter's ticket 3 (Combined outturn). 600 numbers according as they are found or not in the National (10) Sorter's ticket 4 800 Registers of Citizens. Thereafter he should immediately (Il) Sorter's ticket 5 750 record in column (18) , Nil ' or ...... (Number of houses) (12) Sorter's ticket 7 (Combined operation). 750 omitted." as the case may be. In the circumstances the (13) Sorter's ticket 8 2,500 Deputy Superintendents need send to the Chief Verification (14) Sorter's ticket 9-Rural .. 1,250 Officers only extracts of entries relating to the selected Urban.. 750 sample house in each block. The copying work in the (For the whole of Tabulation Offices will therefore be reduced. Deputy South Kanara dis Superintendents should however leave some space between trict., only the urban the entries to allow verification officers to include the names outturn will apply, of omitted persons, if any.· similary for Bellary, Kurnool and Adoni Abstract of Sample Households.-Existing instructions Municipalities. ) require that Sample Household Tables should be compiled (15) Sorter's ticket 6 (Combined operation) 500 on the basis of a 4, per cent sample. In order to save time (16) Sorter's ticket 10-R1ll'8.1 1,250 and money it has been proposed that the size of the sample Urban 750 should be,reduced to 1 in 1,000 and that the households chosen for the sample verification of Census count should b& These are tentative figures of outturn and have been used for the preparation of the Abstracts of Samp16 fixed with reference to the achievement during trial sorting, Households and Tables therefrom. In order to increase I", 66 the value of such information, it is further proposed that Under the separa~ Sample Households, abstracts should the Sample Households should be separate for the follow be prepared. The form and headings of Table C-l will be ing categories :- correspondingly amplified. Detailed instructions on this subject will be issued separately. Agricultural :Backward Classes. Agricultural Non-backward Classes. S. VENKATESWARAN, Non-Agricultural Backward Classes. Superintenderd oj Oensus Operations Non-Agricultural Non.backwaro Classes. for Madras and Ooorg. APPENDIX. IV. Weekly Progress Report-Sorting of enumeration slips. SECTION I. Number of chargea in. NumJJe'l' of reapect of which recorda clwrges in Number aM names Remaru. lwve been checked and (Note he,.. action Total number of respect of which of charges fo" tallied, with the Obge Name of region. Census Charges. recorda lwve which reoo"ds taken to get the Sup6'1'intenden!8' liB!8 and 'l'ecerda still due.) been received are incomplete. enumerator'8 abBtract8 out of inJuU. those in columns (3) aM (4). (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) NOTE.-In each of the columns (3) to {5}, enter thus: E.ljE-2 where E-l is the information up to the end of the previous week, while E.2 is that for the week under report. In colurun (4), names of charges need be written-only for E·2. SlllOTION n. ,&s .,-.. -:go::!' ... .l!'tl ~~ ~ 1'.~.; ~~~... : 'Sec ~.~.~.:: ~ ~ol;o~ j'$! ~.-::..o: E Number of villages and blockB or Som"s oo~e8 have -;::.e ~ ~~ ~ 1!'"" .,~"l ~ ~l~o" "",.~ ~." ~ localitiflll for which been made. ~~~l5.~~ ~8i;>,s . .~ ~~ . 09 ~1!~ ~ ~l~ ,s,&~ ,...-~ ,--.----A.-.--, ~ . 't:l ~O~ .. ...=_ -. .. ~ ... ~ct::I ~8_ Ticket P'rimn,ry Number Number 0:'" ~§.c l-~~ ,& .. 1l l--g Ticket oJ l ~~l l a o ... ~ c.~ ~ '0 ' 'L' Oet18U8 tracts • oj boXeIl. .. §--;s ~~ ~ .. "" " -~ ~~~ .;.,1S .,. ~.;et .. '" :g.,. ! .. "0:5 ~ _i:' .t .~ completed. completed. abstract 'S> ~.~e;_ .. ~ p ~~ ;s ... t;;) ~ ..., §~ .... .,:z;Q ti].; 1'13"~ ~ ~ compUted. ,g.~ ,s .:..o:.~ 8 .\l.t;Q ;S..Q'~ -0 0 1 .., 1 t~ ~:§.~8 ~':5.2~ ~Sl:lt> ! 8 :z; ~ ~ 8 I::) i<'; (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (IO) NOTE.-Columns (3) to (10), write E·lfE-2. SECTION m Genera' aM sample. Number of tracts fM Number of mlJ8 NUmQer oj ooxu sortedjSorter'8 ticketB. iB8UedfO'1 eorting. 0 ______.A.- ______N amtl oj region. which boxea lwlle been 'I'lI NOTE.-In all the columns except (1), write E·ljE-2. 67 SECTION IV. Displaced persons. Sorter's tickets completed. Number of 80rletrS r------~------~Sorter's Sorte""B PrirIW-ry SO'1'ter-'s Rame of region. engaged on the werk. Picket' 0 '. Picket' L '. Oensus ticket Ab8trlWt. (8preial). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (lO) (11) (12) (13) (1~) (15)(16) NOTE.-ColUIlUlS (3) to (15), write E.l/E.2. SECTION V. Oensus of SmaU'8oole Industries-Tahulatwn. Number oj taluks Number-and in column (3) in Number of names of ,,"sped oj which Number and Number of flracts for which .Name oJ Total taluksJor taluksfor the slips have been names 0/ Tal'1.1k8 Tables p'l'fIjiQI"ed. regWn. number of whioh slips which81ips checked and return· which have returned Taluks. have been have not ed to Tah8ildarsfO'1' the 8lips after Table I. PableII. PableIII. received. yet been rectijicatwn oj rectification. received. mistakes where necessary. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (O) (7) NOTE.-In columns (3) to (5) and (7), write E.1/E·2. APPENDIX V. GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS. population groups ranging from' less than 500 to 100,000 G.O. No. 1935, Public (Elections), da.ted the 18th July 1951. and above' and variation in population since 1901 and population by livelihood classes for each census town in the Census, 1951-District Census Handbook district. The towns will be classified under six classes as Printing and Publication of. follows :- In the past, the Government have been printing and Class 1-100,000 and over. publishing Village Statistics based on the information Class II-50,000 to 100,000. collected at each census. The Government of India have Class nI-20,000 to 50,000. now suggested that, for the 1951 Census, the State Govern Class IV-I0,000 to 20,000. ments should print and publish a District Census Hand Class V-5,OOO to 10,000. book for every district in the same manner as the Village Class VI-Under 5,000. Statistics. His Excellency the Governor has accepted the proposal as this pUblication will be even more useful than The Economic Tables Will be prepared tractwise and the simple Village Statistics of the past. give info!']'llation relating to the number of self-supporting persons, earning and non-earning dependants by each 2. The District Census Handbook will be printed and livelihood class, the number of persons possessing a second. published in two parts-Part land Part II. Part I will be dary means of livelihood by each livelihood class and the divided into three sections. Section I will contain ~neral number of employers, employees and independant workers Population Tables, Economic Tables, Tables n andm of in each non-agricultiral occupation as given in the Indian Small-scale Industries and Summary figures for district and Census Economic Classification Scheme. The Tables taluks. The ~neral Population Tables will give information II and In of Small-scale Industries will also be prepared relating to area, number of villages and towns, number of tractwise and show the number of boys and girls and men occupied houses and population in rural and urban areas by and women employed whole-time and part-tim6 in textile sexes and variation in population during the past fifty and non-textile estabIishmentA3, respectively. Summary years beginning from 1901, for each taluk and census figures will relate to percentage variation for 1931-41 and tract iIi the district; total number of inhabited villages and 1941-ii1. density for 1941 and 1951 and population boY to\VDII in each taluk and Census tract classified by certain livelihood clallSflS. 68 In the past censuses, population figures were shown large or very large according to the number of members by communities and religions, but in the present census it contains and the number of sons, daughters and other population figures will bc shown by the following mean& relations of the head of the household, the number of of livelihood classes;- infants, non-adults and adults and their civil condition, Whether ll1a1Tied, unmarried, widowed or divorced. The Agricultural Glasses. Age Tables will show the number of married, unmarried, I. Cultivators of land wholly or mainly owned and widowed or divorced persons aI;ld the number of literates their dependants. by certain age-groups and also single-year age returns II. Cuitivators of land wholly or mainly unowned and ranging from below' 1 ' to '100' and over 100, if any. The their dependants. Social and Cultural Tables will give information relating to the languages spoken as mother-tongue, subsidiary III. Cultivating labourers and their dependants. languages spoken in addition, major religions, Scheduled IV. Cultivating owners of land, agricultural rent receivers Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Anglo-Indians, Displaced persons, and their dependants. Birth place, nationality and classification of the popula tion by educational standards and livelihood classes. N on-A gricmtural Glasses. 4. Both parts of the District Census Handbook will be V. Production other than cultivation. compiled by the Regional Sorting and Tabulation offices VI. Commerce. for each district with which they are concerned. They VII. Transport_ will then be printed and published. The manuscript of the VIII. Other services and Miscellaneous sourci!s. Handbook will be sent to the Superintendent, Government Press, by about the 1st February 1952_ The Superinten At the present census, each district has been delimited dent, Government Press, is requested to make all arrange. into certain 'cenSuS tracts', known as rural, non-city urban ments to ensure the publication of this Handbook before and city tracts, on population basis. Each rural tract the 15th May 1952. consisting of villages and panchayats other than towns 5. The cost of printing and publishing the District in one or more taluks will contain an aggregate population Census Handbooks will be met in full by this Government. of 100,000 and over; each non-city urban tract consisting of towns in one or more taluks will contain an aggregate (By order of His Excellency the Governor) population of 50,000 and over; while each city tract is a S. VENK.A.TESWARAN, town with a population of 50,000 and over. In a district Additional Secretary to Government. there will be about 1 to 3 city tracts, 1 to 6 non-city urban tracts and 6 to 12 rural tracts. For the whole Madras To all Heads of Departments (including the Collectors). State, there will be 36 city tracts, 76 non-city urban " all Departments of the Secretariat. " all Revenue Divisional Officers. tracts and 218 rural tracts. " the Commissioner, Corporation of Madras (through th<> Section II will give rural statistics and will contain the Mayor). Primary Census Abstract which will give for each village " all Tahsildars. in a rural tract with sub-totals for taluks, information " all Municipal Commissioners (through their respective relating to area, number of occupied houses and house Chainnen). " all Deputy Superintendents, Census Sorting and Tabulation holds, household population, literates, total population Offices. and population by livelihood classes; Table I of Small " the Superintendent, Government Press, Madras. scale Industries showing for each village in a rural tract " the Registrar-General, India, Government of India, Ministry with sub-totals for taluks, the number of textile and non of Home Affairs, New Delhi-2 (with C.L.). textile establishments and the number of different kinds of looms used in the textile establishments; and leprosy G.O. Ms. No. 1483, Public (Elections), dated 3rd June 1952. table L-l showing the number of leprosy cases and Census, 1951-District Census Handbook-Printing and. doubtful cases by livelihood classes for each village in a publication of-Ordered. rural tract with sub-totals for taluks. There will also be an appendix showing the number of displaced READ-the following paper ;- persons, males and females, and the names of the villages G.O. No. 1935, Public (Elections), dated 18th July 1951. concerned with sub-totals for taluks. In their Order No. 1935, Public (Elections), dated 18th Section ill will be compiled in the same form as Section July 1951, the Government accepted the proposal of the II but will give similarly urban statistics for each city Government of India, to print and publish the Census tract and each town in a non-city urban tract with data Handbook for each district in the State of Madras, for each block or locality as the case may be under each embodying therein all the census Tables and abstracts city and town and with sub-totals for towns and taluks. prepared in the process of sorting and tabulation, and There will be a similar appendix relating to displaced directed that the Handbook should be compiled for each persons as in Section II, for towns and cities. district in the Regional Sorting and Tabulation Office concerned. The Superintendent of Census Operations 3. The contents of Part II of the Handbook will be for Madras and Coorg has since brought to notice that a. Household and Age Tables and Social and Cultural handbook containing all the Tables, Abstracts and other' Tables, prepared tractwise. The Household Table will information, gathered in the course of sorting and tabu give information relating to the size and composition of lation, would, not only be unwieldy but would also. sample households selected from the National Registers contain a large amount of information, which would not of Citizens-whether the household is small, medium, interest the public at large. He has accordingly made 69 llpecific proposals for sorting out the items of information (3) Educational Institutions; into (I) those that may be printed and published in the (4) Industries (cottage and large. scale) ; form of a District Census Handbook and (2) those that may be preserved in manuscript form, but copies of which may (5) Other items of general interest. be sent to the Registrar-General, India, and State Govern ment, for any future use to which they may be put_ The Government have accepted the suggestion of the Superin Section I tendent of Census Operations and direct, in modification District Tables.-(i) (a) General Population Tables A.I of the orders issued in the Government Order cited A-II and A-III prepared Talukwise. ' .above, that the items oi information specified in Annexure I should be printed and published in the form (b) Table A-lV-Towns dassified by population with of a District Census Handbook, and that the information variations since 1901.-The towns will be arranged in the specified in Annexure II should be preserved in manu order of population within the district. Places treated as script form. The Superintendent of Census Operations towns for the first time in 1951 Census will be printed in should arrange to have three copies made of the italics. Municipality, Panchayat and Cantonment will information specified in Annexure II, one copy for the be indicated by the use of the letters M, P C respeotively use of the Registrar-General, India, the second for the within brackets. ' use of the State Government and the third for being (c) Toole A-V-Townll arranged territorially uYith kept with the records of the Census office. popUlation by livelihood classes.-The taluk will be the territorial unit. The towns in each taluk will be arranged (By order of His Excellency the Governor) in the order of population. C. S. RAMACHANDRAN, (ii) Table E.-Summary figures prepared in accord. ance with paragraph 13 of the Tabulation Instructions. Deputy Secretary to Government. (iii) Tables B-1 and B-III with tractwise details and To the Superintendent, Census Operations for Madras and Coorg. Table B-Il for district totals only. " all Heads of Departments (including the Collectors). (iv) Tables of Sma.!I-scale Industries with tractwise " all Departments of Secretariat. details and with a note defining the scope of the Census " all Revenue Divisional Officers. of Small-scale Industries. " the Commissioner, Corporation of Madras (throngh the Mayor). (v) Table L.-Taluk-wise and District Totals in " all Tahsildars. respect of leprosy cases and doubtful cases under each " all Municipal Commissioners (through their respective Chairmen). livelihood class. " the Superintendent, Govemment Press, Madras. " the Registrar-General, India, Govemment of India (with C.L.). Section II ANNEXURE I. RURAL STATISTICS. (District Census Handbook.) A ccimplete list of villages in each rural tract with columns showing for each village all the information (Matter to be printed and published.) contained in the Primary Census Abstract, the cultivated PART I area, the number of textile and non-textile establishments, the number of leprosy cases and doubtful cases. INTRODUCTION. A list of villages with a population exceeding 5,000 but This will be in narrative form and will contain treated as rural will be given as an appendix. jDformation regarding- 0) Physiography- Section III (a) Situation and physical characteristics; (b) Rivers; URBAN STATISTICS. (c) Climate and rainfall ; This will be compiled in exactly the same form as for (d) Soils; Rural Statistics, every city or town in the district being (e) Irrigation and drainage facilities; shown separately with ward-wise data under each city or town in all cases where ward-wise information has been (j) Average area cultivated with irrigated food compiled. But the column for cultivated area will be (Jrops, rain-fed food crops, and commercial crops; omitted and there will be no appendix. (g) Forests (area covered and genera.! description); .and (h) Communications. PART II (2) (a) Medical relief; Section I (b) Water-supply; Table C-I-Household (size and composition), columna (c) Sanitation; 1 to 17 only; (d) Vital statistics (1941-50) ; and Table C-II-Livelihood classes by age-groups; (t) Fairs and festivals. Table a-IV-Age and literacy; 7Q Table D-I-Languages Table D· VI-Non-Indian Nationals. (i) Mother-tongue; and Table D- VII-Livelih.ood Classes by educational standards. (ii) Bi-lingualism. Section II Table D-ll-Religion. An occupational abstract for the district in the form Table D-lII-Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. given in paragraph 12 of the Tabulation Instructions with Table D-IV-Migrants. column (3) omitted. ANNEXUJl.E II. Statistical in/ormation coUected at the 1951 CensUS which will not be Jl7inted and published but which wm be made available to the Registrar.General and the State Government in manuscript form. Serial number. De8cription. Brief reasons for omitting them from the printed Iw,ndbook. (1) (2) (3) 1 Ta.ble A·I.-AreQ, houses and population-Prepared tract· Items I, 2 and 3.-Tractwise information in these table!!' wise. can be had from the Primaty Census Abstract which will be included in full in Section II of part I of the District Census 2 Table A-n.-Variation in population during 50 years Handbook. Prepar€d tra.ctwise. 3 Table A·ilI.-Towns and villages classified by population- Prepar()d tractwise. Tabl6 B-II.-Secondary means of livelihood-Tractwise Item 4.-Ttactwise details of the Secondary Means of Liveli- tables. hood in respect of the self.supporting persons and earning dependants under ()ach Livelihood Class will not interest the lay reader. 5 Band C aeries-Tables in respect of displaced persons. Items 5, 5·a and 6-b.-The number of displaced persons rehabilitated in Madras State is negligible. Further the 5A Appendix II to village statistics-Statemf)nt shOwing the term ' displaced persons' may cease to have any s:ignifi~anoe number of displaced persons in f)ach villagfJI. in the nellr future. OB Appandbr I to urba:ft statistics-Statem()nt showing ths num· ber of displaced paThOM in each wwn. 6 TaM,; L.-Containing villagewise d()tails of leprosy cases and Item 6.-LeprOlsy Table D· VIII i8 peculiar to Madra88tate.- donbtful cases by livolihood olassoo in each tract with s()pa. Tho main item of informati(ln shOwing the number of leprosy rate statements giving totals for each tract and the district oases and doubtful cases will be includoo nnder the villaga total. atatistics-vide Section II of Part I in Annexure 1. The detailed statemont of 19prosy cases and doubtful cases under' each Livelihood Class will be useful onJy for study and l'€S6 arch purposes and will not be of much inter()st to the lay reader. ':rIle copy of the table with the State (J{>vermnent can be made usa of by research workers. 7 Tabl" I of thf) SIJ).1I11 ·soale industrios giving villagewise distri· Item 7.-The main item of information containod in this bution of textile and non.tExtile I"stablishments undElI' cate· table, viz., the number of establishments and looms in each gories. perennial, 6 months and Ov()r and 3 months and Over village will be included in the village statistics, vide Annexure I. but less than 6 months and less than three months (I) in The detailed table giving information under categori 8 Table C·I.-Household (siz!'> and composition) pmpared Items 8, 9 and lO.-The details contained in thess tables- tractwiso for one in one thousand sample households. which r!'>late to sample population tractwise will not interest the lay reader. 9 Table C-I1I.-Age and civil cOnditioll-Tractwioo flguros for sample populatiou. 10 Table C·V.-6ingle year age returns-Traotwise figures for sample population. 11 Table n·v (i).-Displaood persons by year of arrival. If.emaII and 12.-The number of displaced persOns fehabili_ tat()d in Madras State is negligible. Further the term 'dis 12 Tablo D-V (ii).-Displaced persons by livelihood classes. placed persons' may cease to have any significance in the near future. IS SOrter's ticket' 2 '. Item I3.-Barter's ticket' 2 ' is a bulky document. The figures under each MIL Bub·group in a tract scattered in a number of tickets wiIi not be of much use to anybody. The district occupational abstract prepared in accordance with paragraph 12 of the Tabule.tion Instructions should do. Sorter's ticket • 2 ' can wall be cut out. Copies of the ticket already prepllol'ed. with an index will be handed over to the Economic Adviser to the State Government. APPENDIX VI. Office Memorandum No. 1633/51-2, dated 26th November REPLACEMENT, THIS MUST BE ARRANGED. Only after this 1951, Issued by the Superintendent of Census Operations has been done, all the National Registers should be arran for Madras and Coorg. ged for each tract acoording to Location Code numbers. The Census slips bundles for each tract (general, sample Census, 1951-Closure of Tabulation offices-Transfer of and displaced for each sex and livelihood class, etc.) Census records, etc.-Instructions. Reference.- should be made into bigger bundles of convenientsize,say Memorandum No. 1233/51-1, dated 3rd August 1951. for general category or sample category, as the case may All Deputy Superintendents are informed that as the be. These bundles ,should be sealed and labelled outside work in their offices is nearing completion they should and put into gunny bags and addressed properly. take immediate steps to transfer the records and dispose of all furniture, etc., before closing down their offices. (b) A list of all census tracts relating to the district to which the records are transferred. They are informed that all items of furniture (i.e .• tables, chairs, pigeon-holes, sorters' boxes, locks, cash. box , etc.) Taluk charge list, Location Code statements and should be sold in auction and the proceeds credited to the house-number statements and other documents received central head of account "XXXVI. Miscellaneous Depart. from Taluk offices should be returned to the Taluk offices. ments-Statistics-Census" and a statement of the amount thus credited in respect of eauh item of furniture The Deputy Superintendent, Census Regional Tabula sent to this office. Furniture loaned from other offices tion office, Mangalore. should transfer the Census records should be returned to them promptly. The comptometers of Coorg to the Assistant Commissioner of Ooorg, should be returned safely packed, freight fully paid to Mercara, by the safest means of transport. Messrs. Felt and Tarrant (India) Company, Madras, by passenger train, and their acknowledgment obtained. 3. It will be the responsibility of the Deputy Superin 2. The following instructions are issued for the transfer tendent to check whether all the records have been properly accounted for, repaired and made tidy, and arranged in of Census records in the Tabulation offices- each of the bundles after careful check. THE DEPUTY I. Papers to be transferred to Census office.-(a) All SUPERINTENDENT WILL BE HELD PERSONALLY RESPONSI· papers relating to establishments (e.g., disposed of files BLE FOR SEEING THAT ALL THE NATIONAL REGISTERS AND neatly docketed, pay bill registers, travelling allowance THE ENUMERATION PADS AND OTHER REOORDS RELATING bill registers, permanent advance registers, contingent TO THEIR JURISDICTIONS HAVE BEEN ACCOUNTED FOR AND registers, stationery and furniture registers, pamphlets, DESPATCHED PROPERLY IN ACCORDANOE WITH THESE circulars and correspondence files neatly docketed, INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CONCERNED COLLEOTOR'S OFFICE stamp accounts, attendance registers, etc.) arranged OR TO OOOM, AS THE OASE MAY BE. The Deputy Superin month-war wherever necessary and listed should be sent tendents should prepare a list of records to be transferred to this (Cen~]ls) Q:!fice !1~ No., 5, Officers' Lines, Palla for each tr~ct, in TR.ZYLIC4-~E. ,,:!-,he fi.l'f:lt tW,Q copies of the varam. list are intended for the Collector or Assistant Commis (b) Manuscript copies oftables, check tables, etc., sioner, Coorg, one for retention by the" Collector Of' arranged according to the series and numbers in the Assistant Commissioner and the other to be returned t() Tabulation Plan for each district. the Deputy Superintendent after signing in acknow (c) All stationery, stamps, etc., left over should be ledgment. The third copy is for the Deputy returned to this office properly listed. Superintendent, to be retained as office copy and finally sent to tki8 office with the copy acknowledgerJ (d) Sorters' tickets and Compiler's Posting State by the Collector. A copy of the address should be ments and Abstracts (other than those sent to Superin. kept in a prominent place inside each package. The tendent of Census Operations, Travancore·Cochin, under packages intended for Collectors' offices should be sent Memorandum No. 1318/51.4, dated 1st November 1951). to the headquarters of 'the district. The packages These should be arranged according to tracts and within intended for this office should be addressed to "the Joint each tract according to their serial numbers. Superintendent of CensUs Operation'S, No.5, Officers' II. Paper.~ to be transferred to Collectors' offices Lines, Census Office, Pallavaram". The records should be (a) Census slips and National Registers of Citizens.-The carefully packed in gunny bags, stitched securely and they slips should be kept by tracts and the' arrangements should be rendered water-proof. In order that the bundles at the completion of the last 80rting should not be disturbed of records are not disarranged in the course of transit please see instructions in the memorandum cited. The cardboards or thin planks of wood taken from sorters' parts of the National Registers of Citizens should also be ,kept boxes or pigeon-holes should be used as props inside and by tracts, i.e., in each tract, the parts should be arranged in for all sides, top and bottom. In the case of Tabulation the order of Location Code numbers of villages (wards) in offices at the headquarters of a district the records relating the Primary Census Abstract. DUE TO OQNSTANT HAND to that district should be sent by lorry or other means of LING, THE REGISTERS MIGHT REQumE RE-STITCHING OR THE transport. In other cases, the packages should all be FAGES MIGHT HAVE BEEN TORN IN PLAOES. NEOESSARY despatched by train, freight fully paid. The relevant ACTION SHOU'LD BE TAKEN TO STITCH THEM, PATOH UP railway receipt with a covering letter and list of records TORN PAGES AND GENERALLY MAKE THEM TIDY. ,ALL THE sent in duplicate advising the despatch of packages should REGISTERS MUST1lEBOUND WITH THIOK WRAPPING PAPER. be sent by Registered Post-Acknowledgment due, to the THIS 'HAS FROBABLY 1lEEN DONE ALREADY; ]JUT WHERE Collector ofthe district concerned. The records should 00 IT HAS NOT BEEN DONE, OR WHERE THE COVER REQumES sent in batches as soon as each batch is ready. 10 72 4. After despatching all the records, Deputy Superin arranged as specified in that memorandum and tendents should also furnish a certificate in the following acknowledgment for the same obtained. form to the Superintendent of Census Operations. Along (Sd.) . with the certificate, the two copies of the list of documents Deputy Superintendent. despatched (his office copy and the copy on which acknow. ledgment has been obtained from the Collector) should be Date Place sent. The certificate should be signed BY THE DEPUTY J. I. ARPUTHANATHAN, SUPERINTENDENT HIMSELF and NOT BY ANYONE ELSE. for Superintendent of Census Operations. ' The Deputy Superintendent of the Tabulation office To all Deputy Superintendents in charge of Census Tabulation should sign the list of records despatched on each page of offices (including Central Tabulation office). the list at the end. Copy to all Colleotors. the Sub.Treasury Officers at Tirunelveli, Mayu. Oertificate of Tran8fer of Records. ram, Mangalore, Cannanore, BeIlary, Pitha puram, Vizianagarmn and Saidapet (with Name (If the di!>trict,- reference to the sub.pa?agraph under para· graph 1). Certified that all the Census records relating the Board of Revenue (Land Revenue), Chepauk, to rural and urban tracts in the above district Madras. including special charges have all been sent to the the Chief Commissioner of Coorg, Mercara (with C.L.). . the Assistant Commissioner of Coorg, Mercara Collector's offioe at together with a list of " (with C.L.) Assista.nt Commissioner, Coorg, Mercara . the Secretary to Government, Revenue Depart. tracts as specified in paragraph 2 of the Memorandum of ment. the Superintendent of Census Operations No. l633/51-2, Messrs. Felt & Tarrant (India) Co., No. 12/13, dated 26th November 1951, as per enclosed list duly " Angappa Naick Street, Madras.I. APPENDIX VII. List of Census Tra.cts in the Region a.ttached to each TabulatIon omce. REGION),!, TABULATION OFFICE CENTBE-VIZIA.NAGARAM. (i) Rural Tracts. Serial 1951 N OII'M of di8triot with its Ooae number. number of Name oj rural tract. eatimated rural tra.ct. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) 1 Srika.kulam Agency 1 Palakonda, Parvathipuram and Salur 62,646 Plains 2 Ichapuram and Sompeta 177,880 3 Parvathipuram 133,287 4 Pathapatnam 221,447 5 Tekkali 159,531 6 Salu.r 137,1)41 7 Bobbili 246,782 8 Palakonda 263,348 9 Srikakulam 170,632 10 N arasannapeta 148,126 11 Chet>purapalle 294,659 lA Visakhapatnam Agency 12 Gudern 112,308 13 Srungavarapukota, Veeravalli and Qolugonda 68,625 Plains 14 Srungavarapukota 184,336 15 Vizianagararn 226,340 16 Bhimunipatnam 231,146 17 Veeravalli 268,855 18 Villakhapatnam 100,149 19 Goll1gonda 167,567 20 Anakapalla 182,372 21 Sarvasidhi 225,731 G Nellore 57 Darsi •. 124,368 58 Podili .. 95,216 59 Ka.nigiri 157,713 60 Kandukur 1~5,208 61 Udayagiri 114,629 62 Kavali 117,680 63 Atmskur 132,827 64 Kovvur 146;226 M Rll.P"llY 9{},M{} 66 Nallore 172,21)3 67 Gudur 98,027 68 Venkatagiri a.nd Sulurpet 155,782 73 REGIONAL TAlIULATION OFFICE CENTBE-VIZIANAGAlLUt-cont. (ii) Non.Oity Urban Tracts. Serial N OJmes of talUk8 comprised in Names oj cenSU8 towns com· 1951 , Name of diatrict with Oode number. number oj th.e tract. pN8ed in the tract. 68timated tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 Sriko.kullilll Plains 1 Ichapuram Ichapuram Sompeta Sompetll Baruva Mandasa 91,465 Tekkali •. Tekkali KasihuggapaJero i5rikakulam Srikakulam .. Narasannapeta ., N arasannapeta 2 Parvatipuram Parvatipuram Chinnamerangi ., Palo.konda Palakonda ViraghRttam .. Rajo.m 107,346 Bobbili .. Bobbili Salur Salur .. "I Cheepurapalli Cheepurapalli lA VisakhRpatnaro Plains 3 Srungavarapukota Srungavarapukota Bhimunipatnam Bhimunipatnam .. Veeravalli Chodo.varam .. Madugula Go1ugonda Narasapatnam 113,851 Kottakota Anakapalle Anakilopalle .. "l Kasimkota Sarvasidhi Yellamanchilli •. J 6 Nellore 15 Kanigiri •. Kanigiri Kandukur Kandukur .. Kavali Kavali Kovvur .. Kovvur 68,987 Alluru .. "} Buchireddipalero Udayagiri Udayagiri 16 Gudur " Gudui-· .. 1 Venkatagiri Venkatagiri ~ Sulurpet .. Sulurpet .. 47,19S Nllyudupet "J.. (iii) Oity Tracts. Serial 1951 Name oj di8t.-ict with Oode numbeJS. number ()f Name of city tract. 68timatea city tract. popUlation. (1) (2) (3) (4) lA VisakhRpatnam I Vizianagaram 56,924 2 Visakhapatnam 77,267 6 Nellore 10 Nellore 61,947 REGIONAL TABULATION OFll'ICE CENTRE-PITlIAPUlIAM. (i) Rural Tracts. Serial 1951 Name of district with its Oode number. number of N rune ()f nwal trad. estimated rural tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) 2 East God,wilori Agency 22 Nugur and BhRdracha1am 1l0,106 23 Rllmpachodavaram and Yellavaram 95,093 Plains 24 R8jahmundry 183,288 25· Peddapuram 240,107 26 Pithapuram .. 107,788 27 Tuni .. 90,802 28 Ramachandrapuram 29~93 29 Kakinada 218.907 30 Razole 292,700 31 Amalapur&!lJ. .• 275,051 lOA REGIONA.L TABULATION OFFICE CENTBIII-l'ITUl'UBAlI-conI. (i) Rural TractB-cont. Serial 1951 NarM of di8trict wi'" iu Cods number. number oJ Name oj rural tfact. eetimated f"Uml tract. pQ]YUlation. (I) (2) (3) (4) 3 West Godavari Agency 32 polavaram 93,525 Plains 33 Chinta.lapudi .. 94,315 34 Kovvur 178,421 35 Eluru .. 165,001 36 Tadepalligudem 190,825 37 Bhimavara.m .. 171,871 38 Tanuku 200,014 39 N srasapura.m 223,43& " Krishna 40 N andigaroa ., 274,166 41 Vijllya.vada •. 162,801 42 Tiruvur 1I3,80a 43 Nuzvid and Gannavaram 249,694 44 Kaikalur 109,610 45 Guwvada 154,874 46 Bandar 121,331 47 Divi 192,558 5 Guntur 48 Palnad 193,788 49 Sattenapalle 243,247 50 Guntur 289,815 51 Tenali .. 248,174 52 Vinukonda ll6,633 53 Narasaraopet 251,099 54 B"patla 292,543 55 Repallo 159,427 56 Ongole 297,642 (ii) Non.Oity Vrban TTacts. Serial N amM oj talUk8 compri8ed in Names oj cen8U8 towns com· 1951 Name of di8trict with Oode number. number of the tract, priaed in the tract. etltimated traot. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 2 East Godavari- PlaiIll! 4 Rajahmundry •. Dowlaishwaram Ramachlllldrapuram Ramachandrapuram .. Mandapeta .. .• Biccavolo 80,887 Anaparty .. Draksharama l KBkinada Samalkot "J., 5 Peddapuram PeddapuraIll •. Y elleswar&Ill .. Kirlampudi Pithapuram Pithapuram "l 69,762 Gollaprolu .. J Tuni Tuni .. 6 Razole ll.azole Kothapete. .. Amalapuram Amalapuram .. "1 50,273 Mummidivaram "I MachavaraIll •. ..J :3 West Godavari Pls.ina 7 Kovvur ., Kovvur Nidadavole - "I" Tadepalligudem Tadepa.J.ligudem : : Pentapadu Agraharam .. Bhimavaram Bhimavara.m .• " f 88,685 Undi .•. ' .. ' .. V iravasaraIll Akividu .. J 8 Tanuku •. Tanuku Penugonda .. Velpur Attili .. 72,356 Relangi "} Maruter Penumllolltr8 ·75 REGIONAL T ADULATION OFFICE CENTIl.E-Pl'J:HAPURAM-cont. (ii) Non.Oity Urban Tracts-'-Cont. Names of C6nB!A8 tract 1951 Serial number Na1lWJ of taluk8 comprised Name of district with Oode number. comprised in flu!. estimated oJ tract. in llu!. tract. tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) :3 West Godavari~. 1'1ains~. 9 N arasapuram .. N arasapuram ..) Palacole .• } 61,720 Achanta Mogaltur .'J., aggayyapet .. 4 Krishna 10 Nandigama J Vijayavada ValIum KondapaI.li Nuzvid .. Nuzvid Gannav8 ram Vuyyuru Gudivada Gudivada Bandar Pam arm Divi Pedana. AV811igadda Challapalle GUrza.l& .• ,5 Guntur 11 Palnad .. Rentachintala Macherla Vinukonda Vinukonda N arasaraopet Narasllraopet Chilaklllurpet 12 Tenali Chebrolu Kollipara Kolluru Duggirala Sattena.palle Sattenapalle Phirangipuram Guntur Mangalagiri .. Tadep&!li 13 B8patla Baplltla Chirala and Perala •. Ponnur and Nidubrole Vetapalem 14 Ongole Ongole .. Addanki AIlurukothapatn6lD •• Repalle Repalle .. ., Bhattiprole •. (iii) Oit'll Tracts. Serial 19.51 N arne of di8trict with Oode number. number of N arne oj Oity Tract. eatimated city tract. populatum. (1) (2) (3) (4) 2 East Godavari 3 Rajalnnundry 82,020 4 Kakinada 82,654 3 West Godavari 5 Eluru ., 71,402 4 Krishna 6 Vijayavada 94,802 7 Banda! (l\Iasulipatnam) 65,061 li Guntur 8 Guntur 91,959 9 Tenali ., 44,703 REGIONAL TABULATION OFFICE CENTRE-BELLARY. (i) Bural Tracts. 1951 Serial numbe1 Name of rurcU tract. Name of cUstrict with Oode numba. rural estimated 0/ tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) 'i Ouddapah •• 69 Jammalamadugu 116,.511 7Q proddattur .• 105,438 '11 Badvel 107,305 72 PuIivendIa and Kamalapuram 178,881 73 Cuddapah ...... 106,231 74 Siddhavattam and Rajampet 253,936 7G Rayachoti 176,651 76 REGIONAL TA.lIULATION OFFICE C:E:NTRE-BELLUY~. (i) Rural TrodB-cOnt. 1951 Sl!IT'ialnumber Name of district with Oode number. Name of rural tract. eatimatMl of rural trcw#. populatia»_ (1) (2) (3) (4) 8 Eurnoo! 76 Kumoo! 128,355 77 Nsudikotkur .. 132,688 78 MarkapurRm ,. 131,07~ 79 Pattikonda 122,984 80 DhoI10 129,832 81 Nandyal 94,627 82 Cumbum 151,967 83 Banganapalle and KOilkuntla 137,054 84 Sirvel 106,471 9 Boila.ry 85 Adoni " 157,348 86 fliruguppa, HOspet and Sandur 146,299 87 .AJur 122,590' 88 Boilary 104,780 89 Hadagalli 94,315-. 90 Harpanahalli .. 102,521 91 Kudligi 116,428: 92 Rayadrug 99,903. 10 Anantapur .. 93 Gooty 141,361 94 Tadpatri 115,M8: 95 Kalyandrug 100,471 96 Auantapur 126,461 97 Dharmavarsm 95,89~ 98 Panukonda 101,651 99 Kadiri 199,708 100 Madakasira 110,916 101 Rindupur ll9,632- 13 Chittoor 109 Madanapallo 177,862' 110 Vayalpad 177,222 III Chlindragiri 131,43&. 112 KaJahasti 126,533 113 Punganur 187,365 114 Chittoor 800,687 115 Puttur 229,004 ll6 Tiruttani 226,235 117 Palamaner 143,306. iii) Non.Oity U"oon Tracta. 11151 Serial number Names oftaluka comprised Names of cen9U8 towns N!;Vtn6 of district with Oode number. of tract. in thetfa 8 K:urnool 19 Kurnool •• Kodmnuru Guduru Nandikotkul' Nandikotkur ., ::"1 I Atmakur 57,504- Pattikonda Pattikonda " .. Maddikel'a Dhone "r 20 l\:IBrkapuram Markapuram " : : Nandyal .. ~Nandyal .• .. .. i Cumbum Cumbum " " " 67,61& Banganapalle BangIlnapaile~-.. (includ~~ Kon: . J da.pet). Koilkuntia Koilkuntla . • . • • . 77 REGIONAL TABULATION OFFICE CENTRE-BELLABI1'-cont. (iil Non.Oity Urban Tracts-cont. SeriaJ NameB of !a!uka compri8ed Names oj census !Owns 19111 Name of dis!rict'wilh Oode number. nuwer oj in the tract. compri8ed in 1M lract estimated tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ~ Bellary 21 Adoni Kosigi . ·1 Y,Hurniganur •. 42,634 Rayadrug Rayadrug "j-- 22 Siruguppa Siruguppa T6kkalakota ..--1 Hospet .. Hospet " / Kampli 85,834 Hadagalli HadagaIli " Harpanahalli Harpanahalli •. "r Kudligi Kotturn Bandur Sandnr ,,) ]0 Anllntapur .• 23 Gooty Gooty .. Guntakal -- 54,647 Uravakonda "} Pamidi 24 Tadpatri Tadpatri --1 Yadiki I Kalyandrug Kalyandrug .. 55,134 Anantapur Anantapur 'j 25 Dharrnavararn Dhltrrnavaram Penukonda Penukonda --1" Bukkapatnarn I Kadiri Kadiri --r 66,043 Madakasira Madakasira ,,/-- Hindnpur Hindupur ,,) 13 Chittoor 29 Madanapalle Madanapalle Vayalpad vayalpad "1" Punganur Punganur 41,487 pahnanar PaImaner .."I Kuppam "J 30 Chandragiri Tirupathi R,migunta .. pakala Kalahl).sti "j Kalahasti Puttur Puttur " Nagari Chittoor .. Chittoor " Tiruttani Tiruttani Prodaturpet ""J (iii) Oily Tracts. Serial 1951 Name of distriet and (Jade number. number of Name oj city tTact. estimate" tract. populatWn. (1) (2) (3) (4) $ Kurnool 11 Kurnool 49,775 9 Bellary 12 Bellary 61,763 13 Adon; .. 38,974 REGIONAL TABULA.TION OFFICE CENTRE-PALLAVABAM. Serial 1951 Number oj dWerie! and Oode number. numbeT of N arne oj rural trat. estimated tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) 12 Chingleput. •• 102 Ponnari 258,285 103 Tiruv811ur 299,174 104 Sriperumbudur 185,289 105 Sa;dapet. 225,235 106 Ka.nchoopuram 208,881 107 Chingleput .. 213,272 108 Madurantakam 274,619 78 REGIONAL TUULATION' OFFICE CENTBE-PALLAVABAlI-eont. (i) Rural Trac~nt. Serial 1951 Name 01 distrm wit1l Oode number. number of Name I>} rural tract. uUmated rurallmct. population • (1) (2) (3) (4) 14 North Areot 118 Gudiyatham 268,492 119 Vellore 217,061 120 Walajapet 245,070- 121 ArkolUilll 196,546 122 Tirupattur 281,144 123 Polur .. 204,937 124 Ami .. 145,791 125 Cheyyar .. 194,418- 126 Wandiwash 213,070 127 Chengam 195,256 128 Tiruvannamalai 218,780 17 South Areot 149 Gingee 293,687 150 Tindivanam 315,625- 151 Kallakurichi 371,061 152 Tirukoilur 375,052 153 Villupuram 291,769 154 CuddaJore 335,053 155 Vriddachalam 30ll,453. 156 Chidambaram 310,687 (ii) NQrt·Oity Urban Tracts. Serial Names oj taluks wmprised Name oj census towns 1951 Name o} district with Oode number. number of in the tract. comprised in the tract. estimated tract. population._ (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 12 Chingleput ., 26 Ponnon •• Pulioat Ami Ponneri .:.}.. 'l'iruvallur Tiruvallur 53,666- Sriperumbudur .. Sriperumbudur Poonamallee Kunrathur 27 Saidapot Tiruvattiyur Alandur Pallavaram .. St. Thomas 63,037 Pallavaram Villivakkam M~'~}.. .. Tambaram 28 Kanchaapuram .. Uttiramerur Walajabad " Chingleput Chingleput "1I Tirukkalikunram " ~ 66,925- Madurantakam •. Moourautakam " Cheyyur "J Gudiya tham .. 14 North Areot 31 Gudiyatham ,,'\. 49,489- Pernambatti .. ".[ Vellora Ambur 32 .. "l.. 45,269> Pattikonda "j 33 Walajapet Walajapet Ranipet .. Sholingur "1 71,715- Areot .. .. Visharam "J 34 Tiruppattur Tiruppattur Vaniyambadi _. .} 59,717 35 Arkonam Arkonam Kav6ripakkam .. Pana:ppakkam .} 67,74\} Cheyyar .. -Tiruvattiyur .. Arni Arni " 36 Polur Polur .. Kalambur Chetpat .} 81.94~ Wandiwash Wandiwash Tiruvannamalai Tiruvannamalai "- 79 REGIONAL TABULATION OFFICE CENTRE-PALLA.V4.RAM---cont. (ii) Nan-City Urban Trac!8-cont. Serial Name8 of talu1,s comprised Names of ceMU8 towns 1951 Name oj district with Gooe number. numbllT of in the tract. comprised in the tract. estimated tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 17 South Areot 43 Tindivanam Tindivanam Villupuram Villnpuram _. 54,030 Valavanur 'j 44 Ka1lakuriehi Kallakurichi Chinnasalem ,. Vriddachalam Vriddachalam 64,591 Ponnadalli (Pennadam) Tirukoilur Tirukoilur ffiundurpet } 45 Cuddalore Panruti Nollikuppam .. ..., } 42,143 Kurinjipadi ., Chidambaram ,. Chidambaram Porto Novo ., Bhuvanagiri 69,783 Mannargudi } Srimuslmam ',' (iii) City Tracts. Serial 1951 Name of district with Gode number. number of Name of city tract, estimated tract. popuiatian. (1) (2) (3) (4) 11 Madras 14 Madras 1,400,000 12 Chingleput 15 Kanchoop"rflm 82,099 14 North Arcot 16 Vellore 78,652 17 South Areot 21 Cuddalore 66,695 REGIONAL TABULATION OFFICE CENTRE-MAYURAM. (i) Rural Tracts. Serial 1951 Name oj district with Gode number. number of Name of rural tract. estimated rural tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) 15 Salem 129 HOBur ,. 232,593 130 Krishnagiri 257,829 131 Dharmapuri 299,252 132 Harur ,. 217,362 133 Omalur 301,578 134 Salem and Yorcaud 311,832 135 Tirucheugode 403,852 136 Rasipuram 161,071 137 Nflillakkal 387,542 138 Attnr ,. 226,434 18 Tanjore 157 , Sirkali 136,812 1.~8 Mayuram 259,099 159 Kumbakonam 244,499 160 Tanjore 246,981 161 Papanasam 198,712 162 Nannilam 236,276 163 Mannargudi 196,499 104 Nagapattinam 178,836 HI5 Pattukkottai , , 302,746 166 Tiruthuraipundi 202,130 167 Arantangi 127,096 19 Tiruchirappalli 168 Musiri .' 285,973 169 Perambalur ., 255,325 170 U dayarpalayam 386,388 I1f Llllgu,qi 221,381 172 Karur -, 317,529 113 Kulittalai 373,078 174 Tiruchirappalli 214,419 175 Kulathur 140,637 176 Alangudi 123,807 177 Tirumayam 131,988 11 80 REGIONAL TABULATION OFFICE CENTRFJ-MAYUBAlII-cont. (ii) Non·City Urban Tracts. Serial 1951 Name oj district with Code number. number oj Names oj talu"" comprised in Names oj census towns cl»npritJed IJ8timated tract. the tract. in the trw. population. (1) (2) (S) (4) (5) 15 Sa.lem 37 Hosur Ilosur .. Denkanikota .. Krishnagiri Krishnagiri Kaveripatnam Dharmapuri Dharmapuri Harur Ilarur .. 94,507 OmaIur Omalur Mettur Township Taramangalam J alakantapuram 38 Tiruchengodo Tiruchengode Edapadi Komarapalayam Mallasamudxam 119,525 Rasipuram Rasipuram Namakkal Namakkal Sendamangalam Attur Attur .. Sirkali 18 Tanjore •• 47 lSirkali Vaitheeswarankoil Tirumalaivasal Mayuram Mavuram 93,621 Tr8:nquebar .. Kuttalam Kumbakonam Tiruvadamarudur 48 Tanjore Tiruvadi Vallam Tirukkat tupalli 48,333 Papanasam .. Papanasam Ayyampetai Valangiman 49 NanniIam ., Nannilam Kodavasal Nagapattinam Tiruvarur 67,440 Tiruthuraipundi Tiruthuraipundi Vedaranyam Muthupettai 50 l\Iannargudi Mannargudi .. Kuttanallur .• Nidamangala,m Pattukottai Pattukottai 73,130 Adirampatnam Orthanad Arantangi Arantangi 19 Tiruohirappalli •• 51 Musiri Musiri .. - Turaiyur - Thottiam 57,610 Moruppatti Thathiangarpetts,j Kattuputhur .. 52 Perambalur Perambalur .. Labbaikudikadu U dayarpalayam Udayarpalayam 45,620 Ariyalur .. J ayankondasholapuram 53 Karux Karur Punj ,>ipugaIur Pallapatti 65,115 Aravakurichi .. Kulittalai .• Kulittalai Tiruchirappalli Srirangam " G.>lden Rock (Railway colony) Golden Rock (Panchayat) .. LaIgudi Lalgudi 80,164 Mannachanallur Poovalur •• Kulitta1ai Manapparai .. Alangudi Karambakudi Tirumayam Tirumayam .. Ponnamaravathi Varupattur Ariamba.lam .. 48,145 Ramachandrapuram (Kadiapatti) .. Pillamangalam (Alagapuri) .. 81 REGIONAL TABULATION OFFICE CENTBE-MAYUlWI.M-oont. (iii) Cit!! Tract8. Serial 1951 Name of di8trict with Oode numbet'. m!mber Name of oity tract. estimated oj tract. population. (1) (Z) (3) (4) 15 Salem 17 1-l"]em ,. 142,672 18 Tanjore 22 Tanjore 75,572 23 Kumbakonam 73,708 24 Nagapattinam 58,230 19 Tiruchirappalli 25 Tiruohirappalli 175,522 26 Pudukkottai .. 37,606 REGIONAL TABULATION OFFICE CENTBE-PALAYAMKOTTAI. (i) Rural Tract8. Serial 1951 Name of district with Oode number. number Name of rural tract. estimated oj tract. popuiatioo. (1) (2) (3) (4) 16 Coimbatore 139 Kollegf,] 113,839 140 Gobichettipalayam 312,339 141 Bhavani 220,152 142 Avanashi 228,803 143 Erode .. 375,398 144 COimbatore 250,799 145 PaI]adam 304,082 146 Dharapuram 331,247 147 pollachi 291,667 148 Udamalpet 179,586 20 Madurai 178 Palni and Kodaikallal 266,044 179 DilldigUI 342,834 180 Nilakottai 330,107 181 Melur " 189,200 182 Periyakulam 376,571 183 Tirumangalam 358,086 184 Madurai 173,424 21 Rame.nathapuram ' , 185 Tirupll'tur 229,650 186 Sivaganga 211,741 187 Tiruvadanai 162,464 188 Srivilliputtur , . 161,995 189 Sattur 236,842 190 Aruppukotti 194,410 191 Paramakudi .. 156,081 192 Mudukulathur 194,506 193 Ramanathapuram 129,675 22 Tirunelveli .. 194 Sankaranayinarkoil ., 232,029 195 Kovilpatti 367,044 196 Tenkasi 238,804 197 Tirunelveli 138,303 198 Srivaikuntam 178,978 199 Ambasamudram 156,468 200 Nallguneri 265,418 201· 1l'iruchendur .. 208,316 23 The Nilgiris 202 Gudalur, Ootacamund and Coonoor 156,092 (ii) Non-Gity Urban Tract8. 1951 Name of di8trict with Oode number., ' Serial Names of taluk8 comprised in Names of ce1l8U8 towns oompri8ed . estimated number the tract, in the tract. population. of tract. (1) (2) (3) (4) (IS) 16 Coimbatore 39 Kollegal •. Kollega] Gobichettipalayam Gobichettipalayam ::} 44,244 Satyamangalam 40 Avanashi .. Avanashi Mettupalayam Annur Coimbatore .. Kurichi ::~ ...., .. Singanallur •. VollaIur Peelamedu Kaniamutham :: J 11.4 82 REGIONAL TAlIUl.ATION OFFWE CENTRE-PALAYAMKOTTAI-cont. (ii) Non.Oity Urban TractB-oont. Name of district with Serial number of Names of taluk8 Names of cenBtlS towns comprised 1951 Oode Number. trcwta. CompN8ed in in the tract. estimated the tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 16 Coimbatore-cont. Dharapuram Dharapuram · ·1 Bhavani Bhavani I ., ~ 48,679 Palladam palladam •. I Sulur .. · .J 42 Pollachi Pollachi Kottur ..}.. Anamalai 76,097 Vettakarampudur Udama.lpet Udumalpet ;l() Madurai .. 56 Palni palni .. Ayakkudi Keeranur Melur Melur .. ·.J Nattam .. ~ 109,875 Kodaikanal Kodaikana\ Nilakkottai Sholavandan .. "I Batlagundu (Vattlagundu) .. N ilakkottai .. J 57 Periyakulam Periyaku)am •. .. 1 Bodinayakanur Cumbum Gudalur Chinnamanur Allinagararn ., Uttamapalayam I Kombai 220,155 Thevara.m Andipatti-Jaggampatti Madurai Tiruppa.rankundram .. Tirumangalam Tirumangalam Usilampatti Elumalai r Peraiyur .."J 21 Ramana.tha.putam 58 Tirupattur .. Tirupattur · ·1 Karaikudi Kandanur J Kottaiyur J puduvayal 80,538 Pallattur r Kilasevalpatti j Singampuneri · .J 59 Sivaganga .. Sivaganga Tiruppuvanam ·..'1 Manamadurai .. ~ Nattarasankottai 72,014 Tiruvadanai Devakottai ::J' Tondi ., " 60 8rivilliputtur _ Srivilliputtur .. ,Vat,rap .. } 65,344 Settur .. 61 Sattur Sattur Virudhunagar ..}.. 67,118 Sivukasi 62 Arnppukkottai Aruppukkottai .. J PaJaiyampatti .. ~ 53,318 Pandalkudi •• I Mallanginar · .J 63 Paramagudi pararnagudi IUayangudi " Enlaneswaram ·'1 Mudukulattur Kamudi I Abiramam 105,904 Rarnanathapuram Ramanathapurarn :..:Jt Kilakarai Rameswararn 83 REGIONAL TABULATION OFFICE CENTBE-PALAYAMIW1·TAI--eont. (ii) Non.Oity Urban Tracta-cont. Serial nUmOer Names oj taluk. comprised Name8 of een8U8 1951 N arne of district with fl8timated Oode number. oj tmcta. in the tract. towns wmpri8e4 in the tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ;'22 Tirunelvelj 64 Sankaranayinarkoil Sankaranayinarkoil Siva,giri .."1 Vasudevanallur .. ~ 81,140 Puliyankudi .. / Karivalamvandanallur 65 Koilpatti Koilpatti ,. .." ~ Rttaiyapurarn I Kayattal' Kalllgumalai , ' I Kadambur r Pudur .. t 79.126 Vilathikularn r Srivaikuntam 8rivaikuntam I Eral iSawyerpuram .. " 66 Tenkasi Tenkasi iSuraudai 72,(J88 Kl1Ila,yana1luJ', , Melapalayarn 67 Tirunelveli .. 44,305 Tachanallur .' , 68 Ambasamudram Ambasarnudram Vikramasingapuram i I Viravanallur " Kallidaikurichi \19,041 ~errnadevi l'attarnadai Kadayarn r 69 Tll'uchenuur Tiruchcndur .. Rlliasekhal'apatnaln "1 Udangudi liayalpatnam ~ 73,Ju3 Sattankularn Alwar Tirunagari I Nazareth I Arumuganerj .. 70 Nanguneri •• . . ,~ Nanguneri .. ~'adakku VaJliyur "i, TiHaYlldlviiai 43,970 Kalakkad .. Panagudy 23 The Nilgiris 71 Coonoor eoonoor Kotagiri 4L 753 Wellington i (iii) City Tracts. Name oj distriot with Code number. Serial 1951 number oj Name of the. city tract. estimuted tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) 16 Coimbatore 18 OOimbatore 143,383 19 Erode .. 43,431 20 Tiruppur 36,409 20 Madurai 27 Dindigu] 61,903 28 Madurai 263,058 21 Rarnanat.hapllram 29 Rajapalayam 50,918 22 Tirunelveli 30 Tirunelveli 66,744 31 Palayamcottai 34,064 32 Tnticori" R3,175 23 The NiIgiris 33 Ootacamund .. 32,835 REGIONAL TABULATION OFFICE CRNTRF.---CANNANORE. (il Rural Tract8. Serial 1951 Name oj district with Oode number. number oj X ame oj rura! tract. estimated tnwt, popUlation. (1) (2) (3) (4) '!iI! Malabar 203 Chirakkal 451,851 204 Kottavam 291,369 205 Wyuaad 116,985 84 RJo;GIONAL TABULATION OFFICE CENTBE-CANNANORE---COnt. (i) Rural TractB-cont. Serial 1951 Name oj district with Code number. number Name oj TUral tract. estimakd oj tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) 24 Malabar-cont. 206 Kurumbranad 4i\6,90~ 207 Kozhikode and the Laccadive Islands 321,93()O 208 Ernad .. 553,461 2()\) Walluvanad .. 517,606 North Ponllani 210 .,} 686,293- 211 South l!onnani and Fort Cochill .. 212 Palghat 484.521 (ii) Non.City Urban Trads. Serial 1951 Name oj district with Code number. number jI,' alnes of taluks co nvpriseli in Names of census towns comprised estimated of tmct. the tract. in the tract. po'}1'ltll1tion. (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) 24 Malabar .. 72 Chirakkal .. Cannanore Kottayam .. Tellicherry "~ 78,066 73 Kurumbranad Panthalaviri (Pantalayini) "i Badagara Manjeri Ernad 65,231 FeToke ~ Walluvanad Ottapalam Shoranur "j 74 Ponnani Ponnani "i Tirukandayur TanuT .. ~ 69,319- Forl Cochin Fo..-Cochin .. "J (iii) City Tracts. Serial 1951 Name of di~trict with Code number. number Name of city tract. estimated of tracl. population. (I) (2) (3) (4) 24 Malabar 34 Kozhikode 138,987 35 Palghat 60,676 REGIONAL TADULATION OFFICE CENTRE-MANGALORE. (i) Rural Tracts. Serial 1951 Name of district with Code number. number Name of rural tract. estimated of tract. populatio)l. (I) (2) (3) (4) 25 South Kanara 213 Coondapm' 164,673 214 Udipi 255,535 215 Karkal 158,9[.1 216 Mangalore and the Amindivi Islands 334,717 217 Puttur 232,252 21S Kaaaragod 358,187 26 Coorg Coorg 173,259- (ii) Non·City Urban Tracts. Serial 1951 Name of district with Code number. number Name8 of taluk8 compriJ3ed Name8 oj census towns comprised estimated 0/ tract. in the tract. in the tract. population. (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) 25 South Kanara 75 Coondapur .. Coondapur Udipi Udipi .. .. Karkal Karkal "1 Mangalore Mulki .. 82,414 Bantval Puttur Puttur Kasaragod KlISaragod Hosdrug r 26 Coorg North Coorg Mercara "} South Coorg Virajpet (iii) City Tract. Serial 1951 Ndme of district with Code number. number Name oj city tract. estirooted of tract. population. (1) (2) (3) (4) 25 South Kanara 36 Mangalore 89,176 85 APPENDIX VIII. Omee Memorandum No. 644/51-21, dated the 22nd "° " for which a minimum of 1,000 and 1,200 per hour September 19>1, i$ued by the Superintendent 01 Cens.us has been fixed the minimum per hour for the oombined Operations for Madras and Coorg. operation should be calculated as shown below :- Census 1951-Sorti!tg and tabulation-Payment Operation 1 for 1,000 slips 1 hour. of bonus to sorters-Instructions issued. Operation 2 for 1,000 slips 1 X 1,000 The following instructions are issued for the payment 1,200 -of bonus to sorters :- Operations 1 and 2 for 1,000 slips .. I + t;' or It Operations 1 and 2 for one hour 1,000 -;- H or 545. (1) Bonus payable to sorters for the extra outtum .achieved by them should be calculated on a monthly Similarly, if operations 1, 2 and 3 of Sorter's ticket basis. " 0 " are combined the minimum outturn per hour will be (2) Sorters entertained in the middle of a month will 340 (nearly) in respect of rural tracts. be eligible for proportionate bonus calculated on the excess Where a sorter is told off for an item of work for which over the minimum outturn achieved for the portion of the no minimum outturn is fixed, the time spent on such work month they worked. should be added on to the number of sorter hours achieved (3) A sorter who achieves an excess of 30 per cent and by him, under operations for which minimum outturns over on the minimum outturn should be allowed to draw have been fixed. Rs. lO and a sorter who achieves an excess between 20 per cent and 30 per cent should be allowed to draw 3. The figures of outturn achieved by each sorter in Rs. 5 for the month. a month under the various items of sorting operations should be submitted to the Administrative or Technical (4) Bonus need be paid only frolll the date on which Assistant by the Supervisor concerned. The Supervisor regular sorting commenced. No bonus need be paid should certify that he has checked the figures and that the to sorters for the work they did during the period of trial outturn as achieved is correct and genuine. Supervisors tabulation. should take care to satisfy themselves that items of work 2. The following simple method of finding out the excess redone by a sorter on account of incompleteness or outturn achieved by eaoh sorter should be adopted :- mistakes are taken into account only once. Take the total outturn achieved by the sorter during The Administrative or Technical Assistant should the month under each of the various items of sorting opera scrutinize the figures furnished by the Supervisor and tions done by him. Diyide it by the minimum outturn per satisfy himself that the figures of outturn do not exceed hour prescribed for the operation and find out the total the number of slips distributed to the sorter for the various number of hours he would have taken had he done only operations. He should then pass on the figures to the the prescribed minimum per hour under each head AccouRtant. call this figure " A ". The Accountant should work out the excess outturn Find out the number of sorter's hours for the month achieved by each sorter, calculate the bonus or propor by multiplying the number of working days in the month tionate bonus payable for fractions of a month, and submit by six. Call this figure " B ". (Authorized holidays the bonus statement for the Deputy Superintendent's should be excluded from this calculation.) approval. The difference between "A" and" B" in· all cases (Signed) V. M. SWA.MI, where "A" exceeds" B " will represent the excess outturn for Superintendent oj Census Operations. achieved by the sorter during the month. If this diffe rence is 30 per cent or over 30 per cent of" B " the sorter To the Deputy Superintendent, Census Central Tabulation Office, will be eligible for a bonus of Rs. 10. If the difference Pallavamm. ilxceeds 20 per cent but is less than 30 per cent of " B " " all Deputy Superintendents inocMrge of Census Tabulation Offices. the sorter will be eligible for a bonus of Rs. 5. Copy to the Treasury Officers and the Sub. Treasury Officers In cases where the outturn is shown combined for concerned. several operations the minimum outturn for the f)ombined Revenue Divisional Officers and the Collectors opera.tions should be worked out on the basis of the concerned. Registrar·General, India, (iQvernment of India minimum fixed for each of the operations. For example, " Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi.2 (with. if a sorter combines operations 1 and 2 for sorter's ticket C.L.). 86 APPENDIX IX. Circular No.3, da.ted the 6th June 1951, issued by the 2. The forms of these tables and the necessary sorter's Superintendent of Census Operations for Ma.dras and tickets are appended to this circular. Rules for the Coorg. preparation of these tables and of the sorter's tickets are given at the foot of the forms. The instructions given in Census-Industrial aspect-Collection of data regarding the rules are self-explanatory. Table I has to be prepared small-scale industries-Sorting and tabulation for each village or ward, while Tables II and III have to Instructions. be prepared for each census tract. A list of the census Deputy Superintendents in-charge of Regional Census tracts attached to each Tabulation Office has already been Sorting and Tabulation Offices must be aware that under the forwarded to each Deputy Superintendent. direction of the Government of India a census of small Table I is based on simple sorting, counting and totalling. scale industries in the Madras State was conducted in It can be prepared straightaway without the aid of any April-May 1950. The records prepared then were, after sorter's tickets. the prescribed test-check, transmitted to the Taluk Office For Table II the slips for thc textile establishments concerned for safe custody_ The sorting and tabulation have to be sorted into the nine industry groups given in of the information gathered in respect of these small the table with the aid of the sortcr' B tickets prescribed. scale industries have now to be done by the sorting and tabulation staff appointed for the tabulation of the 1951 In regard to Table III the bunch coding of slips in nOll population census records. The following instructions are textile establishments has to be done for classifying them issued for the guidance of Deputy Superintendents and according to the industry group given in Appendix IV of their staff in carrying out the tabulation of the small-scale Part II of the Census, 1951-Tabulation Plan. industries :- Printed forms of the tables, sorter's tickets and instruc (1) All the important circulars relating to the small tions will be supplied to each Regional Census Sorting and scale industries have already been furnished to each of the Tabulation Office in due course. Deputy Superintendents in the mufassal through the 3. As the scope-of the census has been limited to Collector of the district in which the Tabulation Office establishments with less than 10 workers and as the tabu is located. The Deputy Superintendents should closely lation consists in the preparation of the three tables referred study the instructions contained in the circulars, parti to above, the work to be done in the Tabulation Office in cularly the printed pamphlets, (i) instructions for the taking this connection is not likely to absorb any considerable of a census of small-scale industries, and (ii) Memo. amount of time or the services of a large tabulation staff. No. 748/49-44, Public (Elections), dated 11th March }950, Deputy Superintendents of Vizianagaram, Pithapuram, in which the scope of the census has been clearly explained. Bellary, Pallavaram, Mayuram and Palayamkottai should (2) Collectors of the districts have already been asked start the work with a couple of sorters and one compiler to see that the census slips relating to the small-scale checker who should form part of a regular team working industries which have been lodged in the Taluk Offices under a Supervisor. In the Mangalore and Cannan ore for safe custody are transmitted to the Regional Census offices the work should be allotted to one sorter and one Sorting and Tabulation Office as suon as it has been started. compiler-checker. This special staff will attend only to It is presumed therefore that the Deputy Superintendents the tabulation of the enumeration slips of small-scale would have received already the records from the Tahsil industries until the work is completed, but they will still dars concerned. They should verify at once that the form part of a regular team under a Supervisor who will records relating to all the taluks have been received from distribute to the sorters the enumeration slips and supervise the Tahsildars in their regional area. If the records have their work. The work should be started as soon as the not been received in respect of any of the taluks, Deputy printed forms are received. Meanwhile Deputy Superin Superintendents should remind the Tahsildars at once and tendents should arrange for the scrutiny of the slips with a get the records. view to getting the omissions supplied and defects rectified (3) The first item of the work to be attended to in the and unnecessary slips removed, etc., as indicated in tabulation office in respect of these small-scale industries Memo. No. 805/51-1, dated 3rd May 1951. It is not pro slips is a careful scrutiny of the slips with a view to find posed to have any trial tabulation for the purpose of fixing out that the enumeration has been done within the scope any daily outturn for each sorter but Deputy Superin of the census indicated in the circular instructions referred tendents should arrange to watch the sorting work closely to above. All the slips which relate to establishments during the first ten days and keep a record of the work outside the scope ofthe census should be removed and kept done by each sorter every day. At the end of that period separate. They should not be taken into account for they should submit a report to me indicating clearly the tabulation. work turned out on each day by each sorter, the quantity of work covered during the period in relation to the total (4) The tabulation plan aaopted in respect of the quantity of work that still remains to be done and indicate small-scale industries is a very simple one and will be the period within which the work could be finished. It limited to the preparation of the following three tables :- should be remembered that with each day's experience Table l.-Village/wardwise distribution of small each sorter will be in a position to increase his output scale industrial establlshments ; on the succeeding day. Table ll.-Employment in textile establishments; 4. Extreme care should be taken at all times, not to mix Table lII.-Employment in non-textile establish up slips of different tracts or those relating to population ments. renf'Us. After Table I has been completed the slip3 87 should be thrown together for tracts and the slips relating popUlation census of 1951. But the location code numbers to each tract should be kept in a separate bundle and the of villages in many taluks originally assigned and adopted bundles relating to each district should be kept in a separate for the census of small scale industries were revised subse box_ quently. Deputy Superintendents should therefore get from each Tahsildar a copy of the location code statement 5~ The tabulation of the small-scale industries may as it stood at the time of the census of small-scale industries proceed side by side with the tabulation of the main and that as revised subsequently, find out the name of population census. the village corresponding to the location code number 6. In ~lecting the sorters for dealing with these slips the adopted in the slips relating to small-scale industries and Deputy E!uperintendents will do well to choose a person use the revised location code number and name of village who can read and write the regional languages in which the in column 2 of Table I. slip!! might have been written, e.g., the slips received in (Signed) V. M. SWAMI, the Mangalore Office in respect of the establishments in for Superintendent of Oen8'U8 OperaJ.ir>ns. Hosdrug sub·taluk would have been written in Malayalam while those relating to the other areas in Kannada. Simi larly in Bellary office we shall have slips written in Telugu To all Deputy Superintendents, Regional Census Sorting and Tabulation Offices (with enelosure). and Kannada. " all Collectors. " all Revenue Divisional Officers_ 7. In respect of the slips relating to small-scale industries " all Tahsildars. the enumerators have been instructed to adopt the location .. the Registrar-General, India, Government of India, Ministry of code number of the district, taluk and village fixed for the Home Affairs, New Delhi-2. 12 88 :i Ii! ., 'S'II}wut ~'" 8891 11tq ~ ewwnu rl~S' ""t:l 1<1 I1i Ri ~ 51 '- ~ 0= 1.: ....!e '"< .b I-i ~ '8111UOiU 9 .g ~ '" 8891 mq .. 3M '" ~ ~ ~ 9'!{1UOW, 99.t'l.Jj ~ ....= ~ Q:l G) -; '& 0 t::: rp 0 '';: :; :s;;! S "- tI2 .~ Ci ~ ~'" i ~ 6 Z ! 89 r r ~ =- ~5r ~ ;0-..... ~ ...... .; ~ ~ .: i .S ~ ... ., ~ . 4 E;., c;;- ..0~ I~ ~r d! :S ~ =- .l!l E-! I=l § I r~ e;- m ..... g Q ~l~ - ..,..- E;., I . ;::;- .....=- "ci .... CD ";:., l~ fJ oS .... 0 t 1-1 .,.., r r~ 0- ~ =- ~ ....1=4 l;>,~i I~ . 0 \'r ¢ ..s ~ §: ..... !:: .,... I l~ '" io ~ 1 ...Po ~ ~ §: d! j ~ t-l ~ .!j 1-1 ~1 ~f~ ~ ~ ~ 'Il !::- 1 III ~ I~ l~ ~ ~ ~ ...!:: I r . ""0 i I~ §: ... 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