ZAMBIA DEPARTMENT: OSAN DIVISION: OSAN3 A) BRIEF DESCRIPTION of the PROJECT and KEY ENVIRONMENTAL and SOCIAL COMPONENTS

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN SUMMARY

PROJECT TITLE: LAKE TANGANYIKA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (LTDP) PROJECT NUMBER: P-ZM-AA0-021 COUNTRY: ZAMBIA DEPARTMENT: OSAN DIVISION: OSAN3 a) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL COMPONENTS

Project Area: Physical, biological and human conditions

Ecosystem services accrued from Lake Tanganyika play a significant role in socio-economic development of its four riparian states, namely, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zambia. Based on the local, regional and global importance of ecosystem services from the Lake, the four riparian states deemed it imperative to ensure proper governance of the Lake hence on 12th June 2003, they unanimously signed the Lake Tanganyika Convention for the sustainable management of the lake basin. In addition, with regard to rapidly rising threats to sustainability of the Lake’s natural resources, African Development Bank (AfDB) in conjunction with donors and the national governments of the aforementioned riparian states drafted the Strategic Action Program (SAP) for the protection of biodiversity and sustainable use of the natural resources in the Lake basin. Amongst the interventions recommended by SAP was Multinational-Lake Tanganyika Integrated Regional Development Program (PRODAP) which was implemented between 2004 and 2013 as result of financial support provided by AfDB.

Rapid rise in human population in the Lake basin has fueled threats to the Lake Tanganyika and its resources. For instance, population increase coupled with rise in urbanization has seen environmental issues such pollution, habitat destruction and unsustainable fishing increase in magnitude and intensity. In addition, new threats such as climate change and biological invasions have emerged. With regard to these alarming facts, the Government of Zambia (GoZ) is working towards promoting investment and the livelihood of people dependent on the Lake. LTDP is one of the interventions which will contribute to realization of this goal. Implementation of the proposed LTDP will promote quality livelihoods of more than 350,000 people who are dependent on the Lake’s ecosystem services as well as protect the Lake’s ecological integrity. In-order to actualize LTDP, the GoZ has requested funding from AfDB.

The project sector goal is to contribute to sustainable economic growth and reducing poverty in Zambia. It is in line with the Government’s National Vision 2030, to become a “prosperous middle-income country by the year 2030”, and the medium-term plan spelt out in the R-SNDP as well as the Bank’s key areas of support identified in the Bank’s Strategy (2013-22).

The specific objectives of the project are to:

(i) Achieve sustainable management and use of natural resources of Zambia’s Lake Tanganyika catchment area; (ii) Improve livelihoods of Lake Basin communities through social infrastructure development and diversification of economic activities, and; (iii) Promote market linkage and value chain of natural resource products.

LTDP will be implemented in the Lake Tanganyika basin in selected localities within Mpulungu and Nsama Districts, Northern Province.

1 The 2010 census noted that the Northern Province is characterized by high poverty levels (more than 73%) and high population (1.7 million residents). Mpulungu and Nsama Districts have total population of 91,000 and 55,806 respectively. Subsistence agriculture and fishing are the main socio-economic activities in the 2 target Districts, however, due to unsustainable agricultural and fishing practices, environmental degradation is gradually taking toll. Hence, returns accrued from agriculture and fishing are generally low. Therefore, through implementation of its three project components which revolve around promoting ecological integrity as well as livelihoods dependent on the Lake’s resources, the LTDP will contribute to reduction of environmental stress in targeted and selected degraded sub-catchments.

The proposed Project is founded and informed by key national policies such as the Zambia National Vision 2030 and the Revised Sixth National Development Plan (R-SNDP: 2013-2016). In addition, LTDP is also informed by AfDB’s Strategy (2013 – 2022). LTDP’s sector goal is to contribute to sustainable economic growth and reducing poverty in Zambia. The specific objectives of LTDP are to: (i) Achieve sustainable management and use of natural resources of Zambia Lake Tanganyika catchment area; (ii) Improve livelihoods of Lake Basin communities through social infrastructure development and diversification of economic activities and (iii) Promote market linkage and value chain of natural resources products. These Objectives will be realized through implementation of the three project components which are likely to reduce environmental stress in targeted and selected degraded sub-catchments to improve the livelihoods of communities, who depend on the natural resources of the Lake. Below is a detailed illustration of the project components.

Project description

The Lake Tanganyika Development Project is an integrated project which aims at protecting the ecological integrity of the Lake Tanganyika basin and improve the quality lives of the basin population through provision of essential economic infrastructure and support to sustainable livelihoods of the people. This project consists of two investment components and a project management component as provided in the table below.

(UA 3 4N° COMPONENTS COMPONENT DESCRIPTION million) 1 Integrated 10.45 . Fishery co management, small scale aquaculture, and value chain Natural sub component Resources . Collection and publication of fisheries statistical data Management . Setting up and implementation of a Monitoring, Control and Surveillance including weather stations . Setting-up and/or strengthening of 20 fisheries co-management committees . Construction of landing sites and rehabilitating of existing jetties. . Training on fish processing, fish preservation techniques and improved packaging. . Study on fish processing and SEA . Design of appropriate small-size floating cages for tilapia including construction of 10 pilot cages . Technical and business training sessions for extension officers and farmers on tilapia cage farming, processing, and marketing . Assistance to the fish farmer to apply for credit to build fish cages under the Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission program . Support to the fisheries department to conduct research on the use of endemic species for commercial aquaculture . Sustainable forest, wildlife, and land management subcomponent . Forestry Resource Inventory in catchment areas and Gazette and establishment of Joint Forest Management (JFM) including development and implementation of Land Use Plans for JFM . Establishment for committee for JFM (30% women) with special 2 (UA 3 4N° COMPONENTS COMPONENT DESCRIPTION million) training for women in JFM . Forest Plantations and Woodlots of exotic species (individual and communal seedlings . Establishment of improved and adapted varieties of economic trees (such as mango, banana, guava and avocado), commercial timber species, as well as agroforestry species . Capacity building for district foresters to monitor and prevent illegal timber activities . Provision of adequate equipment to monitor and enforce Nsumbu National Park boundary and surrounding GMAs . Improve access roads to the National Park and GMAs . Sedimentation, siltation, and erosion control structures . Promotion of conservation farming and agro-forestry through demonstrations and basic input packages for farmers . Promote and scale up bee keeping and processing as an economic enterprise . Capacity building and supporting measures on NRM (with focus on women and youth) subcomponent . Expand Community Radios coverage and broadcast gender sensitive information on NRM . Establishment of a 100 student Skills Training Centre to Conduct functional literacy classes for school dropouts and women . Study tours and exchange visits for staff to similar projects . Facilitate linkages between fishers, fish traders and farmers with finance institutions and between women fish traders and other traders . Mainstream Gender and HIV/AIDS in all NRM activities 2 Improvement of 7.10 . Development and provision of economic infrastructures Livelihoods and subcomponent Socio-Economic . Completion of all incomplete buildings under PRODAP including: Infrastructure Nsumbu Mini Hospital, Mushi Health Post, Kasaba Bay School, and health staff and teachers houses. . Construction of demand-driven community micro projects such as feeder roads, sanitation, solar energy and market sheds . Alternative Livelihoods subcomponent . Install a Processing Plant to link resource conservation and market incentives . Distribute Small ruminants (goat and sheep) and seeds through pass-on scheme . Construct five (05) Smallholder Irrigation Schemes using river diversion weirs and gravity fed systems to cover 100-ha 3 Project 2.42 . Project Management include project staffing Management and . Office Equipment and Furniture coordination . Monitoring and Evaluation . Project Auditing . Regional coordination with LTA

The main project’s activities, source of negative impacts, include:

 Construction of landing sites and rehabilitating of existing jetties.  Design of appropriate small-size floating cages for tilapia including construction of 10 pilot cages  Forest Plantations and Woodlots of exotic species (individual and communal seedlings)  Improve access roads to the National Park and GMAs  Sedimentation, siltation, and erosion control structures  Establishment for committee for JFM (30% women) with special training for women in JFM

3  Development and provision of economic infrastructures subcomponent  Alternative Livelihoods subcomponent

b) MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

The potential social and environmental negative impacts of the proposed Project activities will be minimal, small-scale and site-specific and will mainly occur during implementation of social services and livelihood activities. In addition, the potential environmental and social impacts of this project are perceived to be reversible and manageable and will not result to resettlement of people.

Examples of negative environmental and social consequences of this Project include: loss of vegetation cover during construction or clearance of land for construction, soil erosion, noise pollution from construction activities, increased particulate matter in air i.e dust during construction and moving of construction machinery, disruption of services during construction, increased population due to migration of people into the region in search of employment.

Social and environmental benefits that will result from this project include: natural resource conservation, sustainable livelihoods, gender mainstreaming in economic activities, gender empowerment, proper sanitation and hygiene, food security, access to affordable and reliable energy sources among others.

4 Table 1: Environmental and Social Screening Matrix (showing intensity of impact)

Environmental Components Physical Biological Social and Socioeconomic Aspects

system

- Physical Activities

Issues

Land use Planning Soil Erosion/land Contamination Surface /Ground Water Quality Air Quality and Dust Natural Vegetation/Forest Cover Wildlife Habitat Noise and Vibrations Agriculture / Farming Landscape/ Aesthetic Value Wetlands Eco Health and Safety Pressure on Public Utilities Public Infrastructures Gender Employment / Income Community Empowerment Cultural Properties

Overall intensity of impacts COMPONENT 1: INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +2 0 +2 +1 -1 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +10 Sub-component 1.1 Fishery co management, small scale aquaculture, and value chain sub component Sub-component 1.2:Sustainable forest, wildlife, and land management +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 0 +2 +2 +2 0 0 0 +1 +1 +2 +2 +24

subcomponent

Sub-component 1.3: Capacity Building +2 +2 +2 N +2 +2 N +2 +2 +2 +2 0 0 +2 +2 +2 +1 +25 (gender responsive)

COMPONENT 2: IMPROVEMENT OF POPULATIONS LIVELIHOOD

Sub-component 2.1: Social Infrastructure 0 -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 -1 0 +2 0 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 0 0 +3

Sub-component 2.2: Alternative -1 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +2 0 0 -1 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +5 Livelihoods Key: -2=High Negative Impact -1=Low Negative Impact 0=insignificant/Negligible impact +2=High Positive Impact +1=Low Positive Impact N=No Impact

5 c) ENHANCEMENT/MITIGATION AND MONITORING PROGRAM/PLAN

The following mitigation measures will be adopted to counteract the aforementioned potential negative environmental and social impacts. These proposed mitigation measures have been assessed and deemed practical and cost effective and will ensure realization of project benefits whilst mitigating potential adverse environmental and social impacts and enhance positive environmental and social impacts of LTDP.

In addition, this section will outline a monitoring program/plan which will ensure that mitigation and enhancement measures are enforced effectively and efficiently hence contribute the Project’s set outcome. Furthermore, the monitoring program/plan will make certain that LTDP is in alignment with relevant with national environmental and social policies and standards as well as with the Bank’s policies and guidelines.

Table 2 below illustrates the proposed mitigation and monitoring program/plan for LTDP. Table 2 is followed by Table 3 which outlines the Occupation Health and Safety Monitoring Plan related to the construction and implementation phase of the project.

6 Table 2: Proposed Mitigation and Monitoring Plan for LTDP

PROJECT PROJECT ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION PROGRAM MONITORING PROGRAM COMPONENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES IMPACTS Proposed Mitigation Measure (s) Responsibility Cost Indicators (s) Frequency Responsibilit USD y

Component 1: 1.1 Fishery co management, small scale aquaculture, and value chain sub component INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Construction of land This will result to soil perturbation and Enforce environmental Contractors - Regulations respect by Every 3 PIU sites and rehabilitating making it vulnerable to erosion during regulations work by contractors. Works contractors months ZEMA of existing jetties construction phase Implement the standard supervision The construction phase will trigger occupation health and safety engineer (WSE) noise pollution, dust and disposal of monitoring plan. waste on land and water; Included in Construction phase will also result to Develop and implement a waste the sub- land and water pollution/hazards from management plan for each land project cost handling and use of materials site or jetty. Design of appropriate 1 Social frictions resulting from the Adopt transparent criteria for the PIU - Number of complaints Every 6 ENRMD small-size floating distribution of 10 pilot cages. allocation of cages and involve related to floating months ZEMA cages for tilapia communities in the process of cages distribution. including construction designating beneficiaries. of 10 pilot cages

1.2 Sustainable forest, wildlife and land management

Forest Plantations and Frictions or conflicts related to land Develop a participatory PIU 97 000 Number of sub-basin Year two ZEMA Woodlots of exotic tenure issues management plan of lake sub - ENRMD management plan species (individual and basin for each district (2); align developed. communal seedlings sub - projects (plantations, erosion control, infrastructure, etc.) to be financed by the project with the 10 000 Every year ZEMA adopted management plan. % of sub-projects sites having a land tenure Provide support for land property document. clarification of sub - projects sites in each district.

7 PROJECT PROJECT ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION PROGRAM MONITORING PROGRAM COMPONENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES IMPACTS Proposed Mitigation Measure (s) Responsibility Cost Indicators (s) Frequency Responsibilit USD y

Improve access roads -Construction phase will pollute air, Enforce environmental 1.WSE Number of violations Each month 1. ENRMD to the National Park land and water in terms of release of regulations work by contractors. 2.PIU - of the company on 2.ZEMA and GMAs particulate matter into the atmosphere Implement the standard site work. i.e dust and emissions from vehicle fuel occupation health and safety combustion, discharge of waste on land monitoring plan. - and water. In addition, land clearance Removal of vegetation and trees will make land vulnerable to soil will be avoided to the extent - erosion hence siltation and possible. The ex- posed soil will sedimentation of the Lake; and will be re-vegetated quickly cause loss of vegetation cover during Wastes will be collected and land clearance for construction; change disposed off in designated landfill in habitats which may trigger loss of areas. indigenous biodiversity. -Construction phase will also result to Enforce regulation on access and land and water pollution/hazards from exploitation of park’s resources. handling and use of materials. Risk of increased poaching in the park. Sedimentation, During construction phase, there will Trees and vegetation will only be 1.PIU - % of unnecessary Every 6 ZEMA siltation, and erosion be removal of vegetation cover hence removed where installation will 2.ENRMD clearance of land months control structures making soil vulnerable to erosion take place. In addition, associated to erosion unnecessary clearance of land will control structures. avoided. - % of subprojects Include a reforestation component Include in the including a with each sub-project of erosion sub-project reforestation control. cost. component. Involving communities in % of subprojects construction works so that they involving communities have direct revenue from the 50 000 in the execution. project. % of beneficiaries of structures trained in Train beneficiaries in maintenance works maintenance works of the erosion control structures and support them equipment works. Capacity building for This will result to sustainable land and Ensure gender equity 30% women PIU - % Women and youth Every 6 ZEMA sustainable forest and forest management, reduced soil and 50% youth. trained. months land management erosion hence promotion of environmental integrity and quality living environment for the people.

1.3 Capacity building and supporting measures on NRM (with focus on women and youth) subcomponent

8 PROJECT PROJECT ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION PROGRAM MONITORING PROGRAM COMPONENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES IMPACTS Proposed Mitigation Measure (s) Responsibility Cost Indicators (s) Frequency Responsibilit USD y

All sub-component -This will result to conservation of Ensure gender mainstreaming i.e PIU - % Women and youth Every 6 ZEMA. activities natural resources (i.e. land, forests, gender balance, gender equity etc. trained. months water etc.); women empowerment; in all aspects of the project. In economic empowerment; -poverty addition, promote active alleviation participation of males and females.

Component 2: 2.1 Social Infrastructure IMPROVEMENT OF POPULATIONS LIVELIHOOD Complete all -This will lead to realization of Enforce environmental 1.WSE - Regulations respect by Each three District incomplete buildings PRODAP’s project outcomes regulations work by contractors. 2.PIU contractors. months engineer under PRODAP -Provide basic facilities such as housing Implement the standard - ZEMA occupation health and safety monitoring plan. Include in the % of infrastructure Wastes will be collected and project’s cost including reforestation disposed off in designated landfill and a waste areas. management system Develop and implement a waste management plan for each infrastructure. Include a reforestation component with each infrastructure sub- project Construction of -Construction phase will pollute air, Enforce environmental WSE - Regulations respect by Each three District demand-driven land and water in terms of release of regulations work by contractors. contractors months engineer community micro particulate matter into the atmosphere Implement the standard ZEMA projects such as feeder i.e dust and emissions from vehicle fuel occupation health and safety - roads, sanitation, solar combustion, discharge of waste on land monitoring plan. energy and market and water. In addition, land clearance Wastes will be collected and PIU sheds will make land vulnerable to soil disposed off in designated landfill Number of Each six erosion hence siltation and areas. 50 000 information campaigns months sedimentation of the Lake; Implement a communication and completed Friction with communities if access to information plan on project funding criteria are not transparent. activities and criteria for access to project financing. 2.2 Alternative Livelihoods

Establish a processing This will result to pollution of air, land Enforce environmental PIU - Regulations respect by Each three District plant to link resource and water from the construction phase regulations work by contractors. contractors months engineer and market incentives i.e. sedimentation of the Lake due loss Removal of vegetation and trees ZEMA of vegetation cover attributed to will be avoided to the extent - clearance of land for construction, possible. The ex- posed soil will disposal of waste on land and water be re-vegetated quickly.

9 PROJECT PROJECT ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION PROGRAM MONITORING PROGRAM COMPONENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES IMPACTS Proposed Mitigation Measure (s) Responsibility Cost Indicators (s) Frequency Responsibilit USD y

hence land and water pollution etc. Wastes will be collected and - At the disposed off in designated landfill Include in the The plant includes a design areas. subproject wastewater treatment stage and Design and construction of a cost. system. during wastewater treatment system. constructio n. Provide small Community empowerment (i.e. women Adopt and disseminate PIU - Number of complaints Every 6 ZEMA ruminants (goat and and youths); poverty alleviation; transparent criteria for eligibility related to this activity months sheep) to 1000 women sustainable livelihoods, food security for this project support and youth groups for pass on scheme Construct five (05) This will result to pollution of air, land Adopt and disseminate PIU - Number of complaints Every 6 District Smallholder Irrigation and water from the construction phase transparent criteria for selection of related to sites months engineer Schemes using river i.e. sedimentation of the Lake due loss the sites Consultant 20 000 selection. diversion weirs and of vegetation cover attributed to Realize a simplified ESIA for the PIU ESIA of irrigation During the ZEMA gravity fed systems to clearance of land for construction, 5 irrigation schemes to define schemes completed. design cover disposal of waste on land and water specific mitigation measures. - phase. hence land and water pollution etc. Enforce environmental Development of waterborne diseases. regulations work by contractors. Friction with communities if criteria of sites selection are not transparent.

OTHERS Alternative livelihoods -Access to project The risk of social frictions if there is no Elaborate and disseminate a PIU 10 000 Number of grievances Every 3 ZEMA subprojects resources by equity and transparent criteria to access manual of procedures for access Consultant from the community Months beneficiaries resources in the project (particularly to the alternative livelihoods % of male, women and alternative livelihoods subprojects) subprojects. youth among The risk of a limited access of women Support communities for beneficiaries of and youth to the resources of project subprojects identification and 20 000 subprojects dependent of the criteria to be defined preparation of the requests to project. Ensure gender mainstreaming i.e gender balance, gender equity etc. in beneficiaries of subprojects. - Components 1 et 2 Construction sites. -Friction between local population and Prioritize the recruitment of local Contractors - % of local workers on Every 6 PIU workers particularly if local workers workers particularly for unskilled PIU the construction sites. months ZEMA are not representative. jobs. NGO 25 000 Number of campaigns Spread of STI / HIV / AIDS due to the Conduct awareness campaigns on conducted. presence of workers. STI / HIV / AIDS on construction sites and in the project area.

10 PROJECT PROJECT ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION PROGRAM MONITORING PROGRAM COMPONENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES IMPACTS Proposed Mitigation Measure (s) Responsibility Cost Indicators (s) Frequency Responsibilit USD y

-Rehabilitation of The risk of land disputes in areas Develop a participatory PIU Same as Number of grievances Every six ZEMA degraded land where: management plan of lake sub - Consultant. above. on land tenure. months -Construction of -Rehabilitation of degraded land will basin for each district (2); align infrastructure take place sub - projects (plantations, erosion -Infrastructures will be constructed control, infrastructure, etc.) to be financed by the project with the adopted management plan.

Provide support for land property clarification of sub - projects sites in each district. Sustainability of the NRM outcomes of the project require Conduct a feasibility study for an ENRMD 50 000 PES feasibility study Each year MLNREP project investment. additional actions to ensure innovative mechanism (Payment validated. maintenance and sustainability. for environmental services PES) to finance NRM in the Zambia sub-basin. Total cost of Mitigation measures 332 000

11 Table 3: Occupation Health and Safety Monitoring Plan (during construction and implementation)

Health and Safety Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Monitoring Frequency Responsibility Hazards Parameter (s) A Construction Activities

1 Noise, vibrations from 1. Only trained personnel will operate machinery Contractor Presence of Continuous 1. Safeguards construction activities and clearly labeled during expert drilling equipment and vehicles 2. Workers will work in shifts i.e every 6 hours so as warning signs construction may result to ear problems, to ensure maximum rest (applicable to phase and 2. PIU tiredness and mental stress of workers and Monthly workers. 3. Ear plugs will be provided to workers so as prevent community during 3. PSC stress from noise members/passer operation -bys, fully 4. ENRMD 4. Helmets will be provided to construction workers so equipped first as to should them from falling objects i.e stones aid kits, utilization 5. Machinery will be maintained so as prevent safety wear i.e accidents i.e frequent lubrication helmets by workers etc 6. First Aid kits will be readily available and accessible at construction site in-case of emergencies B Use of Machinery, Equipment and Vehicles (During construction and implementation)

1 Use of Machinery, Equipment 1. Certified drivers and operators will be allowed to Contractor Presence of Every 3 1. Safe and Vehicles may result to operate heavy machinery and vehicles clearly labeled months guards accidents by workers and warning signs Expert operators 2. Vehicles and machinery will be maintained and (applicable to serviced regularly to avoid accidents workers and 2. PIU community 3. Designated car parking zones will be set around the members/passer 3. PSC construction site -bys), fully equipped first 4. ENRMD 4. Fire extinguishers will be placed in designated aid kits, zones in the construction site. utilization safety wear i.e 5. All workers at the site will be trained on use of fire helmets by extinguishers and first aid kit and first aid workers etc C Loading and Off-loading trucks/vehicles procedures with procured construction/project materials or equipment

1 Dust will be emitted during off- 1.6. FaceFully masks equipped wil first be provided aid kits to will prevent provided inhalation at the Contractor Presence of Continuous 1. Safe loading goods or equipment for ofconstruction dust site clearly labeled during guards construction or project activities. warning signs, construction Expert This poses risk of respiratory 2. Gloves will be provided to prevent cuts and bruises fully equipped phase diseases to workers. In addition, first aid kits, 2. PIU workers will be at risk of cuts 3. Water will be sprinkled regularly on bare land/ soil utilization and bruises from equipment to minimize dust generated by moving vehicles and safety wear i.e 3. PSC carried manually. machinery helmets by workers etc 4. ENRMD

D Handling wastes i.e organic wastes, toxic wastes, small pieces of glass and metal, small sharp stones, empty cans e.t.c

13 1 Wastes, regardless of the nature, 1. Workers will be trained on safety management of Contractor Presence of Continuous 1. Safe pose health risk to workers. For wastes and first aid measures to take depending on clearly labeled during guards instance, the injury caused by each type of waste dominant warning signs construction Expert 1.Metal wastes pose risk of in the site i.e hazardous waste, metal, glass e.t.c (applicable to phase tetanus to works in-case of cuts workers and 2. PIU and bruises 2. Protective clothing i.e gloves, masks will be community provided during handling wastes i.e metal, sharp 3. PSC 2.Small glass piece pose risk of members/passer stones, paint e.t.c cuts and wound infections -bys), fully equipped first 4. ENRMD 3.Hazardous wastes/ toxic wastes 3. Wastes such as small stones, metal, empty cans, aid kits, pose risk of poisoning workers e.t.c will be collected and placed in designated utilization 5. IMC hence detrimental localities so as to prevent littering. This will safety wear i.e 3.All undisposed wastes pose minimize accidents. helmets by risk of degrading the workers etc environment and negatively 4. Wastes will be collected and disposed in selected affecting workers and safe locations. Depending on the nature of the communities residing around the waste, appropriate measures will be utilized to construction site i.e oil spills and dispose them i.e incinerators toxic chemicals pollute water and land e.t.c 5. Signs showing hazardous wastes will be placed i.e in areas in which hazardous wastes are located before disposal

E Electricity wires i.e. Open electric wires during construction and handling electricity wires during project operation

14 1 Open electricity wires pose risk 1. Only trained personnel will be allowed to operate Contractor Presence of Monthly 1. Safe of workers being electrocuted electrical machinery insulated wires, during project guards and even death. This open or certified period Expert faulty electricity wires may be 2. Certified electricians will be deployed in the site i.e electricians and underground and accidentally cut during wiring. fire protection 2. PIU during construction equipment i.e activities/during wiring of 3. Government electricity departments will be fire 3. PSC buildings/during drilling/or consulted on the nature of wiring (i.e underground) extinguishers utilizing electricity to crush in the region before construction activities 4. ENRMD stones etc commence. This will reduce risk of digging electrical wires beneath the ground.

4. Protective clothing i.e gloves and shoes made of poor electricity conductors will be provide to personnel involved in electricity related work

5. All electric wiring will be insulated to reduce electric short circuits

6. Training on first aid response to electricity related emergencies will be provided to workers

7. Fully equipped first aid kits will be made available and easily accessible

8. Fire extinguishers will be made available and easily accessible

d) MONITORING PROGRAMME

The overall objective of environmental and social monitoring will be to ensure that mitigation measures are implemented and are effective. Environmental and social monitoring will also enable response to new and developing issues of concern during the project implementation and, therefore, it will ensure that project activities comply with and adhere to environmental provisions and standard specifications of the Bank and the Government of Zambia.

The overall responsibility of the environmental and social monitoring will lie with the Ministry of lands, Natural resources and environmental protection (MLNREP) in collaboration with the Zambia Environmental Management Authority – ZEMA (the overall national authority on environment). The whole exercise of ESMP monitoring will involve monitoring compliance with regulations, managing worksites, executing specific environmental and social works and seeking solutions to emerging environmental problems. On-site monitoring of the ESMP will be the responsibility of the Environmental specialist inside in the PCU. Environmental compliance will be overseen by the ZEMA in conjunction with the District Environmental Officers. The ESMP monitoring team will ensure regular reporting, which will be on a monthly, quarterly, and in some instances annual basis. In some instances the monitoring will be quite regular, as regular as on a daily basis to avoid any serious environmental consequences. Among the key issues to be monitored will be: (i) the status of the physical works; (ii) the technical and environmental problems encountered; (iii) proposed solutions to the problems encountered; and, (iv) the effectiveness of environmental and social measures adopted.

The ESMP monitoring programme is proposed for implementation at two-levels – the supervisory or control mission level as an activity carried out by the control or supervision mission and the regular monitoring level as an activities conducted by the ENRMD and ZEMA. The monitoring indicators are indicated in the above tables related to each mitigation measures.

e) INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

Institutional Arrangements

The GRZ is the borrower of the AfDB loan and play a role in monitoring mitigation activities. The Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection (MLNREP) is the executing agency of ESMP through its Department of Environment and Natural Management (ENRMD).

LTDP will be implemented over period of 5 years. The proposed mitigation measures and monitoring activities will be spread out and implemented over a period of 5 years, depending on when the project activity (ies) associated with the mitigation/monitoring measure will be implemented.

The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will facilitate the management of the project. The day to day management of the Project will be entrusted to the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) which will be manned by five full-time professional locally and competitively recruited Project Coordinator who doubles as the NRM expert, a Gender/Socio-economist, M&E Officer, Procurement Officer, a Civil/ Rural Engineer and Accountant. The civil/rural Engineer will coordinate the ESMP implementation. The project team will be

based at the project office in Mpulungu and will be domiciled in the new office complex being constructed in Mpulungu. Due to the geography of the basin and the long distance between districts, a District Coordinating Office would be established under the District Commissioner’s office in Nsama for effective implementation and monitoring of project activities. The role of PCU team will be to mobilise, manage and ensure the flow of resources and accountable and quality management by the implementing government line ministries. The project implementers will include district SMS from agriculture and fisheries, environment, forestry, education, health, community development and ZAWA. Based on the approved annual work plan and budget, these implementers will sign implementation agreements with the PCU. These will be backstopped in the first two years with TA experts in fisheries and forestry and gender. The project will provide for community-based volunteers to mobilize communities to access project services for various NRM activities. The two District Commissioners (Nsama and Mpulungu) will provide day-to-day monitoring and supervision of project implementers and the PCU.

A Project Steering Committee (PSC), chaired by the Provincial Permanent Secretary, and comprising members from the Ministries of Finance, Environment, Agriculture, Mines and Energy, Works and Supply, Local Government, two District Commissioners for Nsama & Mpulungu and a CSO will be created to provide strategic, policy and operational guidance. They will also play a role in implementation of selected enhancement/mitigation measures and monitoring of mitigation activities.

The day-to-day supervision of the NCU and PIT would be overseen by the District Commissioner and Permanent Secretary for Northern Province. Resources would be provided to these and the (MLNREP) at national level to effectively supervise the project activities and associated enhancement/mitigation/monitoring activities. The NCU would attend and provide regular updates to the existing District Development Coordination Committee (DDCC) and Provincial Development Coordination Committee (PDCC). AfDB will provide technical guidance and implementation support though regular supervision missions.

Based on the approved annual work plan, the PIU and respective line departments will sign Implementation Agreements (IA) or Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with respective PIT members as key implementing partners to facilitate project implementation especially for capacity building, training, mitigation, monitoring activities and studies. Such an IA would contain the list of activities to be implemented, deliverables, budget, reporting requirements and implementation timeframe. This is to improve the flow of funds and accountability of implementing partners. The PIU will submit quarterly ESMP progress reports to the Bank. A Mid-Term Review (MTR) will be undertaken in PY3 whilst the Project Completion Report will be prepared during fourth quarter of PY5. ZEMA will conduct periodical field missions to verify the compliance of the project to the Zambia’s regulations.

The proposed institutional arrangements for ESMP implementation and responsibilities are illustrated in the table below:

Table 4: Responsibilities and Institutional Arrangements Organization Designation Responsibility

1 AfDB Donor  Provides technical guidance and implementation support through regular supervision missions.

2 Department of Environment and Executor of ESMP  General supervision of ESMP Natural Management (ENRMD) implementation and sharing of quarter report with AfDB and GRZ

3 Project Implementation Unit Project Management Co-ordinates implementation of ESMP i.e (PIU)  Implementation of mitigation Plan

 Monitors mitigation plan and health safety management plan(implementation of monitoring plan)

 Provides progress report of implementation of ESMP to ENRMD 4 Relevant Government Primary implementers of the  Supports implementation of mitigation Plan Institutions (Fisheries, Forestry, project activities and related Agriculture, Health, Education, mitigation/mitigation measures  Supports monitoring of the mitigation plan Works and Supply or District and health safety management plan Engineer and ZAWA)

5 Project Steering Committee Technical implementer of ESMP  Provide strategic, policy and operational (PSC) – Comprised of Ministries guidance. of Finance, Environment,  Implement selected enhancement/mitigation Agriculture, Mines and Energy, measures and monitoring of mitigation Works and Supply, Local Government, two District activities. Commissioners for Nsama & Mpulungu and a CSO

6 ZEMA Safeguards  Control ESMP implementation during field missions

 Audit the compliance of the project to the regulations

Capacity Building and Training Requirements

A Civil/environmental engineer will be recruited and mandated to ensure effective and efficient implementation of mitigation measures in relevant project components and activities through monitoring. He/she will conduct regular visits to the field to ensure LTDP complies with ESMP.

Trainings and capacity building on the ESMP and health safety plan will be undertaken by an environmental consultant /safe guard expert/social expert and Health Safety Expert respectively. This will be mandatory for all project staff/workers and will occur before site work kicks off and during project implementation. The target participants for the training are: GRZ, ENRMD, PIU, PSC, Relevant Government Institutions, Contractors and workers and specific project beneficiaries/community.

The expected outcome of this training will be to raise awareness about environmental, social, health and safety safe guards amongst stuff/workers so as to minimize risk and enhance benefits from implementation of LTDP project activities. The expected output of the training will be to ensure that trainees understand and implement the proposed ESMP to the latter throughout the project period.

The ESMP training will revolve around environmental and social mitigation guidelines, general environmental and social awareness, legislative aspects of environmental and social safeguards compliance during the construction as well as operation of activities, in order to minimize the adverse environmental and social impacts of the project. Project Staff and workers will also be trained on Health

18 and Safety Monitoring Plan. This will cover health and safety management during construction and project implementation. In addition, workers will be trained on the effective use of protective clothing, emergency kits and first aid measures. The civil/environmental engineer will keep abreast PIU, ENRMD and relevant stakeholders on the progress of implementation of ESMP. This will be through the ESMP progress report.

Table 5: Capacity Building Training Plan for 5 Year Project

Description/Type Trainings No. of Preparation of Technical Assistance Annual cost Total cost for frequency Training training materials and Training per day (USD$)* project including 1. Environmental/ period conference social expert (US$)* facilities and refreshments per 2. Health and day (US$)* Safety

1 Two-days Training on ESMP Annual 02 608 (for 15 - 20 650 X 2 experts per 7632 38,160 for project staff (GRZ, people per day) training ENRMD, PIU, PSC, Relevant Government Institutions) 2 Two-days Training on Health Annual 02 608 (for 15 - 20 650 X 2 experts per 7632 38,160 Safety Monitoring Plan for people per day) training project staff (GRZ, ENRMD, PIU, PSC, Relevant Government Institutions) 3 Two-day training for Annual 02 608 (for 15 - 20 650 X 2 experts per 7632 38,160 Contractors staff on Health people per day) training Safety Monitoring Plan

Total Cost (US$)* 22,896 114,480

NB: 1 USD = ZMW 6.60 * = Values are Exclusive of Taxes

Assumptions: 1. Transport, accommodation, per diem will be catered by AfDB and GRZ 2. At-least 20 members will be selected from the project team to undertake the training

f) PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS

Public Consultations

During the project preparatory phase, several meetings were carried out with stakeholders from the targeted beneficiary project districts. These meetings involved the local political and administrative leadership. It also included key stakeholders such as departments of fisheries, health, education, forestry, planning, works and supply, and representatives of beneficiary communities. A stakeholders’ consultation workshop was held during preparation mission to discuss the project concept and design. Other consultative meetings were convened with Cooperating Partners, Private Sector and the community members.

Discussions were held with several stakeholders on the viability of Payment for Ecosystem Services. The outcomes clearly indicated that there is great potential in assessing the value of ecosystems services that the Lake Tanganyika Project areas has to offer through both its terrestrial, as well as the marine ecosystems. There are a myriad of services that are derived from each one of these ecosystems, including, but not limited to: (i) Supporting services (fuel wood, timber, mushrooms, wild fruits, water, fish, etc); (ii) Regulating services (climate, water quality, soil erosion, disasters, disease, pollination, etc); (iii) Cultural services (education, tourism, security, etc).

In relation to ESMP, the LTDP team will continuously consult relevant stakeholders to inform them and obtain feedback on the Project. Notable groups to be consulted include communities residing in the vicinity of the project area (i.e households, farmers, SMEs etc) and the machinery operators/workers in the Project site. A committee made up of representatives from ENRMD, PIU, PSC and Relevant Government Institutions will be formed to undertake the consultations. These consultations will aim to:-

(i) Keep local communities updated on progress of project activities; (ii) Seek feedback on project activities; (iii) Encourage community participation in implementation of mitigation activities (where applicable); (iv) Ensure compliance of ESMP, health and safety plan by machinery operators and construction workers; (v) Disseminate the ESMP to relevant stakeholders.

During the implementation phase of the project, for example, in the first year of the project, community consultations will take place every 4 months however informal random community consultations will be continuous throughout the project period. This initiative will ensure that any grievances by the local community are addressed in time hence guarantee that the project will be supported by the community. In addition, construction workers and machinery workers will be consulted to ascertain their compliance with the proposed ESMP safeguard procedures.

Complaints with regard to LTDP will be conveyed to Project Implementation Unit (PIU) via phone, fax or letter. The PIU will assess the complaint (s) and respond to the complainant (s) within two weeks. Complaint reports will be done monthly by PIU and put in the Project records. In-case the complainant is not contented with the results he/she will be required to appeal to the Department of Environment and Natural Management (ENRMD) who will respond after two weeks. ENRMD will be the final Authority.

ESMP Disclosure arrangements

The ESMP will be shared with the Zambian Environmental Management Authority (ZEMA) for its vetting. Hard copies of ESMP and its summary will also be shared with relevant stakeholder’s i.e local communities, relevant government institutions, schools, hospitals, civil society organizations among others. The purpose will be to inform them about the project activities, negative environmental and social impacts expected from LTDP and proposed mitigation measures.

g) ESTIMATED COSTS

The estimated cost of ESMP will be billed on the following activities:

(i) Mitigation measures cost detailed in table 10 (ii) Capacity building training of staff including refreshment, training materials and (iii) Training of contractor’s staff (on health and safety monitoring plan) including refreshment, training materials and (iv) Payments to the resource persons i.e environmental expert, Safe guard Expert, Health and Safety Expert (v) Monitoring and control of ESMP implementation by ZEMA (vi) Environmental advocacy on relevant areas as highlighted in the mitigation measures (vii) Miscellaneous

In addition, the cost of some mitigation activities will be incorporated in implementation of project activities. The implementation cost of health and safety mitigation activities will be billed under client/construction contractor’s fee.

The total estimated cost for ESMP implementation and monitoring is US$ 500 000 for 5 year project period. This value does not include taxes. Details of cost estimates are given in Table 15 below:

Table 6: ESMP Cost for 5 Years Project Period

Type of input Description Annual Cost (US$)* Total Cost for project duration (US$)* 1 ESMP launching Stakeholders workshop on - 3 520 workshop ESMP 1 Mitigation measures Studies, capacity building, etc. 52,000 260,000

1 Capacity Building Training of Project Staff 22,896 114,480

External monitoring by Bi-annual field missions by 5 000 25000 ZEMA ZEMA (10) 3 Monitoring by the District Quarterly missions by the 5000 25 000 District environmental officers (20)

Total in USD* 500,000

NB: 1 USD = ZMW 6.60 * = Values are Exclusive of Taxes

h) IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND REPORTING

Monitoring and Reporting

Table 2 and 3 above provide a comprehensive monitoring plan for ESMP and health and safety management plan. In-order to achieve the objectives of the ESMP, the monitoring plan will be effected through the following measures:-

Internal Monitoring

The M&E personnel in the PIU will be mandated to undertake regular monitoring of the project activities related to implementation of the ESMP. The M&E personnel may be assisted by other members of the PIU, PSC in monitoring of ESMP and health and safety management plan in their respective sectors and areas of jurisdiction. Non- compliance to the ESMP will be reported to chairman of PIU and ENRMD.

The proposed monitoring parameters, frequency and time schedule should be followed to the latter so as to ensure effective implementation of mitigation measures. The environmental expert/ safeguard expert is expected to undertake ate least 2 monitoring visits per project activity to observe the pre-project situation, middle of activity and at the completion stage after which he/she will produce a progress report.

External Monitoring

ZEMA will monitor and control the implementation of the ESMP bi-annually throughout the project period. ZEMA will evaluate reports, data, work etc related to general implementation of ESMP with the aim of ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented according to the mitigation plan. Specifically, ZEMA will undertake the following activities:

(i) Propose corrective measures in-case the mitigation plan is not fully adhered to (ii) Propose recommendations that can be incorporated in future ESMPs for similar projects hence improve their efficiency

The district environmental officers will also conduct quarterly environmental monitoring missions in addition to the ZEMA missions. The aim is to ensure close monitoring to make adjustments if necessary.

Reporting The civil / environmental in the PIU in collaboration with ERMD will be responsible for coordinating, drafting and preparing quarterly ESMP progress reports. They (ERMD and PIU) will be assisted by an environmental expert, a health and safety expert, and a safeguards expert. These quarterly progress reports will be submitted to AfDB and GRZ for review. ZEMA will submit annual project compliance reports to AfDB and GRZ.

The reporting frequency for quarterly and annual reports will be as follows:

Table 6: Reporting Frequency

Reporting Frequency Reporting Responsibility Review and Decision By

Quarterly ERMD+PIU AfDB/GRZ Annual ERMD+PIU AfDB/GRZ Annual ZEMA AfDB/GRZ

Implementation schedule

The implementation schedule of this ESMP is outlined in the table below and takes into account all the activities related to the proposed measures (enhancement and mitigation), the monitoring programme, public and technical consultations, complementary initiatives and institutional arrangements. Regular reviews will be undertaken to monitor the progress of the implementation of the measures identified in ESMP. The reviews will be broadly annual in order to give an annual review report that will document the review methodology, summarize the results, and provide practical recommendations. The reviews will broadly aim to address the ESMP performance and assessment of cumulative impacts.

The deadlines provided in the reporting schedule aim to ensure early detection of critical environmental and social conditions and to provide information on the mitigation progress and results.

Table 7: Implementation Schedule No ESMP ACTIVITIES REPORTING YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 . DEADLINES 1 ESMP Launching  Annually at end 4th quarter 2 Development of End Year 1, 1st quarter Site-specific ESMPs 3 Implementation of Annually with each Mitigation planting session measures 4 Monitoring the Annually at end 4th progress of the quarter implementation of the mitigation measures 5 Evaluation of the Review of mitigation Start at end of first Year mitigation measures measures 6 Development of One for each district sub- participatory basin management plans 7 Community capacity ng compliance 8 Staff Training in By end of 2nd quarter Participatory year one Environmental Monitoring 9 Beneficiary Better infrastructure When deemed Training in maintenance standards appropriate nearing infrastructure occupation maintenance 10 Health and Establishment of health and Annually by end of 2nd HIV/AIDS sanitary facilities and quarter mainstreaming raising HIV/AIDS awareness in the operational phase of the project

ACRONYMS AfDB African Development Bank’s DDCC District Development Coordination Committee Dept. Department ESMP Environmental Social Management Plan FRAAC Funding Requests Approval and Analysis Committee ENRMD Environment and Natural Management GRZ Government Republic of Zambia GoZ Government of Zambia HSE Health Safety Expert IA Implementation Agreements IMC Independent Monitoring Consultant LDF Local Development Fund LTDP Lake Tanganyika Development Project M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MLNREP Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection MoU Memorandum of Understanding MTR Mid-Term Review NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NRM Natural Resource Management PDCC Provincial Development Coordination Committee PIU Project Implementation Unit PSC Project Steering Committee PRODAP Multinational-Lake Tanganyika Integrated Regional Development Program R-SNDP Revised Sixth National Development Plan SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises SAP Strategic Action Program TPV Third Party Validation USD United States Dollar ZAWA Zambia Wildlife Authority