Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery ANNUAL REPORT’19 May 1, 2019: Aerial view of devastated fishing village after Kenneth in Pemba, northern Photo: fivepointsix. . Kenneth in Cyclone Aerial 1, after fishing view 2019: May village of devastated Hurricane Mathew. Photo credit: NOAA by Getty Images Bringing resilience to scale © 2020 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

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Notes: Fiscal year (FY) runs from July 1 to June 30; the financial contributions and expenditures reported are reflected up to June 30, 2019; all dollar amounts are in U.S. dollars ($) unless otherwise indicated.

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AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA CANADA GERMANY INDIA ITALY JAPAN

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AFRICA, CARIBBEAN & PACIFIC UNITED (ACP) SECRETARIAT NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

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BELGIUM FRANCE MOZAMBIQUE SPAIN TURKEY UNITED KINGDOM VIETNAM

GLOBAL NETWORK INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC ORGANIZATION WORLD OF CIVIL SOCIETY FEDERATION OF RED DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATIONS FOR CROSS AND RED BANK COOPERATION ORGANIZATION DISASTER REDUCTION CRESCENT SOCIETIES Table of Contents

Foreword vii Executive Summary 1 How GFDRR Works 7 Infographic: FY19 in Numbers: Bringing Resilience to Scale 8

FY19 Highlights 13 India: Kerala floods and Cyclone Fani 14 : Central earthquake and tsunami 16 Mozambique: Idai and Kenneth 18

In-Country Engagements 21 Africa 22 In Focus: Driving resilience policies and ensuring access to post-disaster financing in Africa 23 East Asia And Pacific 24 In Focus: Designing and building climate-resilient bridges in Vietnam 25 Europe and Central Asia 26 In Focus: Tackling disaster vulnerabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s road network 27 Latin America and the Caribbean 28 In Focus: Building volcanic resilience in Guatemala 29 Middle East and North Africa 30 In Focus: Taking stock of challenges and opportunities for urban resilience in MNA: Lessons from Beirut 31 South Asia 32 In Focus: Improving risk data for urban resilience in Colombo, Sri Lanka 33 Infographic: FY19 Portfolio and Leveraged Finance 34

Areas of Engagement 37 GFDRR Labs: Exploring New Solutions to Address Disaster Risk challenges 38 In Focus: Open data for urban resilience and disaster risk management in Africa 39 Promoting Resilient Infrastructure 40 In Focus: Managing transport assets for resilience in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 41 Scaling Up Engagements for the Resilience of Cities 42 In Focus: Understanding and tackling disaster risks in Central American municipalities 43 Strengthening Hydromet Services and Early Warning Systems 44 In Focus: Improving hydromet services in Moldova 45 Deepening Financial Protection 46 In Focus: Supporting the scale-up of post-disaster, social safety nets 47 Building Social Resilience 48 In Focus: Building resilience from the bottom up in the Solomon Islands 49 Promoting Resilience to Climate Change 50 In Focus: Making transportation climate resilient in Freetown 51 Enabling Resilient Recovery 52 In Focus: Recovery and resilience in Lao PDR 53

Financing Windows 55 Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) 56 In Focus: Building a resilient energy sector in Afghanistan 57 EU-Funded Programs 58 In Focus: Partnership with the EU boosts resilience and adaptation in the Caribbean 59 Japan–World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management in Developing Countries 60 In Focus: Railways to resilience: strengthening climate resilience of freight corridors in India 61 Special Programs 62

Feature Stories 65 Analytical Work at GFDRR 66 In Focus: Resilient infrastructure 67 Nature-Based Solutions 68 In Focus: Redeveloping the Panama City waterfront to create a resilient, inclusive, and sustainable city 69 Resilient Cultural Heritage and Tourism 70 In Focus: Culture in city reconstruction and recovery 71

Events and Publications 73 Summary of Events 74 In Focus: Inclusion for Resilient Recovery: The 2019 World Reconstruction Conference 75 Key Publications FY19 77 In Focus: Global Commission on Adaptation (GCA) 79

Annex 81 Portfolio Summary 82 Sources of Funding 83 Uses of Funding 84 New Grant Commitments in FY19 85 Portfolio Profile and Beneficiaries 86 Portfolio Results 88 Mainstreaming Gender and Citizen Engagement 97 Leveraging Development Financing 98 Financial Statements 103 Family in Yemen. Photo DavorLovincic. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / vii

Foreword

Stefano Signore Ambassador Bernice van Bronkhorst GFDRR CG Co-chair Leonard-Emile Ognimba Director, Climate Change GFDRR CG Co-chair Group World Bank

iscal year 2019 (FY19) was marked by a large number of climate-related disasters across the world, exacerbated by human factors such as conflict and urbanization. Early in the year, Mozambique, , and Zimbabwe were devastated by and . Mozambique, was especially hard hit, with almost 700 lives lost and damages close to a billion Fdollars. In India, flooding and landslides in Kerala killed over 480 people and recovery needs reached $4.4 billion. Ahead of Cyclone Fani in Odisha, 1.2 million people were evacuated as the subcontinent sustained its worst cyclone season on record, with seven named storms. Sulawesi in Indonesia was hit by the triple shock of an earthquake and a resulting tsunami and landslides, and countries such as Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Lao PDR, and the Philippines experienced severe climate-related disasters. In the Middle East and North Africa region, weather extremes such as torrential rains and floods, affected tens of thousands—with many events occurring in contexts of fragility arising from conflict, such as in Libya, Syria, and Yemen. Against this backdrop, disaster risk management (DRM) and resilience are becoming more fundamental for development than ever before. Countries continue to ask for solutions tailored to their particular needs, and this requires deep regional knowledge, an ability to adapt global best practices, and technical experience, all of which are facilitated through GFDRR grants. The complexity of today’s DRM challenges requires continuous innovation. In FY19, GFDRR’s Labs team and partnerships with universities, scientists, and tech firms, established through the Understanding Risk community, continue to guide our work on innovation. Knowledge exchanges to formulate and share problem statements are helping to bridge the gap between tech solutions and the people around the world who need them. GFDRR’s Analytics and Economic Research team continues to identify and address the toughest development questions related to disaster risk management and resilience. This year they published another flagship report Lifelines: The Resilient Infrastructure Opportunity in response to increasing need for analysis of the costs of shock-related disruptions to infrastructure services. The report presents a strong case for investing in resilience during the early stages of infrastructure planning and has already been used extensively in other key publications, such as the Global Commission for Adaptation’s advocacy report Adapt Now: A Global Call for Leadership on Climate Resilience. The momentum for mainstreaming disaster risk management increased dramatically this year, energized by more global attention on the need for action on climate adaptation. Resilience to climate change is included in everything GFDRR does, and increasing attention is given to ensuring that considerations of gender, inclusion, and fragility are embedded in operations as well. As risks converge and become more complex, so does the architecture of solutions, platforms, and products available to build resilience to both current and future hazards. With the support of the EU and ACP as Co-Chairs in FY 2019, GFDRR’s global recognition as a centre of excellence and innovator in the field has been demonstrated by increasing demand for its knowledge, experience, and ability to structure and finance multifaceted solutions that meet specific needs.

This Annual Report highlights the progress and results achieved during FY19. highlights theprogress achievedThis AnnualReport andresults during Executive Summary

Policemen, soldiers and rescue team looking for victims at a collapsed mosque after an earthquake hit North 1 Lombok, Indonesia on August 7, 2018. (Photo by Garry Lotulung/NurPhoto via Getty Images) 2 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Executive Summary

About This Report This Annual Report highlights the progress and results achieved during FY19. It provides an overview of grant making activities in six regions and across GFDRR’s eight targeted areas of engagement. It explores some areas of the work in greater depth and includes financial statements for the fiscal year. GFDRR is committed to further strengthening its monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems, ensuring that evidence and lessons from across the portfolio inform management decisions, accountability, and learning. Results of the FY19 program, as measured against the Facility’s results indicators, are available in the report’s annex.

Julie Dana About GFDRR Head, GFDRR GFDRR’s portfolio continues to grow in its support for disaster and climate resilience needs. During FY19, the Facility committed $83.6 million in funding to 172 new grants. At the end of the fiscal year, the active portfolio included 369 active grants covering 142 countries, for a total commitment amount of $267.6 million. These grants address a full range of natural hazards, with flooding, earthquakes, and landslides continuing to receive the greatest share of support. All GFDRR grants contribute to achieving the Sendai Framework’s goal, as well as its targets and priorities for action. Regions Core to GFDRR’s vision is helping countries bring resilience to scale. Active grants in FY19 covered 142 countries across all six regions.

The Africa region was once again the largest in GFDRR’s active portfolio and included 78 active grants worth $77 million. Grants supported the countries of , Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe in recovering from the impacts of Cyclones Idai and Kenneth. In Sierra Leone, technical assistance for collecting flood and landslide data allowed the government to reduce the transport sector’s vulnerability, and informed the design of an IDA-financed $50 million urban transport project. In Kampala, Uganda, local authorities worked to improve coordination among communities for emergency response. Progress was made in giving countries access to advanced financial instruments, such as Development Policy Loans with a Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option (Cat DDO). Emphasis was also placed on strengthening institutional capacity for disaster risk financing.

At the end of FY19, GFDRR had an active portfolio in the East Asia and Pacific region of 51 grants, worth a total of $29.4 million. Technical assistance helped to leverage financing for recovery efforts in Sulawesi, Indonesia after a devastating earthquake and tsunami, and in the completion of a post-disaster needs assessment (PDNA) in Lao PDR after severe flooding. Across the region, risk considerations were embedded in infrastructure investments, and progress was made in improving countries’ access to regional risk pools, such as Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Insurance Facility (SEADRIF). In Vietnam, GFDRR assisted the government with a pilot for the design and construction of climate-resilient, ultra–high-performance concrete (UHPC) bridges.

At the end of FY19, GFDRR’s active portfolio in Europe and Central Asia totaled 44 grants worth $30.2 million, supporting work in almost every country in the region. A focus in FY19 was on scaling up DRM initiatives and mainstreaming urban resilience into municipality policies and investment plans. Other priority areas of engagement in the region for FY19 included promoting open access to risk information, advancing resilient infrastructure, supporting effective first response, building DRM capacity, and mainstreaming DRM into policy and legislation. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, GFDRR supported authorities in mainstreaming disaster risk management into the country's road network management practices. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 3

In the Latin America and Caribbean region, GFDRR’s active FY19 portfolio totaled 48 grants, worth $22 million. DRM considerations were integrated in infrastructure projects throughout the region, including drainage, transit, and school facilities. In Brazil, disaster risk was mainstreamed into territorial planning, public investments, and public finances. In Guatemala, the recovery efforts after 2018’s eruption of the Fuego volcano included the preparation of a Development Policy Loan with Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option (Cat DDO), in conjunction with support for advancing the government’s disaster risk management policy reform agenda. GFDRR’s active FY19 portfolio in the Middle East and North Africa totaled 17 grants worth $7.5 million; 70 percent of grant funding contributed to projects in resilient infrastructure. Efforts were made to strengthen the institutional capacity of national meteorological and hydrological services in the region, and to advance innovations in strengthening social resilience and inclusion through comprehensive urban operations in fragile contexts. GFDRR supported rapid post-recovery needs analyses following flooding in Tunisia and Djibouti, and in Beirut, GFDRR worked with the municipality to develop a comprehensive urban resilience master plan, to secure private and public investment to tackle the city’s resilience needs. At the end of FY19, GFDRR’s active portfolio in South Asia totaled 39 grants worth $28.3 million. GFDRR supported recovery efforts after flooding in Kerala, India, and Cyclone Fani in Anwar Pradesh and Odisha, India. Many countries in the region have expressed interest in developing social safety net systems; Sri Lanka and India are currently strengthening theirs through capacity building and analysis. In Colombo, Sri Lanka, task teams are working with the government to collect, share, and analyze risk data and information that will be key toward moving the city’s resilience agenda forward. Areas of Engagement GFDRR implements its strategy through eight areas of engagement that support the Sendai Framework’s priorities for action. Progress in each of these areas is measured against targets set in the 2018–21 strategy. In FY19, in the area of science and innovation, GFDRR’s Labs team supported the Open Cities Africa initiative, connecting experts and communities to collect and distribute risk data for Africa’s most disaster-prone areas. It pioneered the first Understanding Risk Field Lab—a month-long “un- conference” learning event in Thailand where participants prototyped new solutions to address urban floods. The Challenge Fund program piloted new and innovative approaches to revolutionize risk financing mechanisms, and GFDRR also stepped up efforts to bring machine learning and earth observation data into the mainstream of DRM. High-profile events included the launch of #VisRisk Challenge, a competition in the use of mapping software and narrative techniques to improve the understanding of risk. The Resilient Infrastructure program continued to mainstream DRM across multiple infrastructure sectors—from schools to transportation, water, and energy; through knowledge and analytics; and technical assistance. The Safer Schools program continued to grow, with the addition of the Global Library of School Infrastructure (GLOSI) database of the structural performance of school buildings. Following up on the launch of the Resilient Transport Program in FY18, GFDRR helped participating countries incorporate innovative solutions into their approaches—for example through the use of geographic information system (GIS)-enabled web visualization tools to quantify climate risk on transport networks. Under the Resilient Water Partnership Program, a total of $1.4 million was provided to countries across all regions to integrate resilience measures in water projects. In Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, GFDRR is supporting the municipality in building a comprehensive inventory of transport infrastructure to inform their maintenance of and investment in these assets. 4 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

As of FY19, 31 percent of GFDRR’s investments. GFDRR has also facilitated as beneficiaries. A priority in FY19 was active core program grants contributed the development of an Action Plan to channeling DRM and climate change to scaling up urban resilience. These scale up the collaboration between the adaptation (CCA) resources and decision- covered 230 cities across 80 countries WMO and the World Bank. The flagship making power to the local levels. In , and included capacity building, improved publication, Weathering the Change: GFDRR is supporting efforts to strengthen resilience of urban services, flood How to Improve Hydromet Services in capacity of four county governments risk reduction, coastal resilience, and Developing Countries, was published to integrate locally led disaster and emergency preparedness activities. A in FY19 and analyzes all phases of the climate risk management into integrated new grant in China is integrating DRM value chain involved in the production development plans. A newly funded into the World Bank’s urban portfolio, and delivery of hydromet services, to grant in Somalia will support vulnerable enhancing the capacity of cities to improve their skill, efficiency, and cost- populations, particularly women, to manage climate and disaster risks. In effectiveness. In Moldova, GFDRR worked address multiple risks in internally Kiribati, an island republic in the Central with the national hydromet service to displaced people camps through improved Pacific, an ongoing grant is supporting implement improved verification and livelihoods and economic opportunities. climate resilience activities in dense quality management systems. There is also a focus on increasing citizen urban settlements in low-lying atolls, and Country demand for climate and engagement in managing risk, with case in the Kyrgyz Republic, a new grant is disaster risk financing solutions has studies underway in Zimbabwe and the supporting the government to promote evolved over the last few years, from Pacific, and the launch of a platform resilient development in urban areas. requests for development of financial for comprehensive, reliable data on The City Resilience Program has engaged protection strategies, to implementation flood-affected people in the floodplain with nearly 60 cities in 39 countries of these strategies. In FY19, the focus of Asunción, Paraguay. In the Solomon since its inception in 2017. This includes under deepening financial protection Islands, nearly 70 community-level about a dozen new cities in FY19. saw a dramatic shift in the way in which resilience projects are underway across the provinces of Guadalcanal, Temotu, GFDRR’s program for strengthening GFDRR responds to these demands. Malaita, and Central, supported by the hydromet and early warning systems Scaled up support from partners ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk Reduction supports efforts around the world to moved the agenda beyond stand-alone Program. build up weather and climate services technical assistance that focused on generating dialogue on this topic and for improved resilience. GFDRR also GFDRR’s program for addressing building capacity, to larger investments continues to support the hydromet climate risk and promoting resilience in structured financial solutions for program of the World Bank, which grew to climate change (RCC) concluded in vulnerable countries. The Global Risk by about $100 million in FY19. A focus FY19, with all efforts now centered on Financing Facility (GRiF) was launched this financial year was on building the implementation of ongoing activities. in FY19 as a multi-donor trust fund technical capacity in countries through However, GFDRR continues to promote housed at GFDRR and implemented World Bank hydromet operations, and the integration of climate risks into by the World Bank’s Disaster Risk in forming new partnerships with the operations: in FY19, over 90 percent Financing and Insurance Program public and private sectors and academia. of newly approved grants included (DRFIP). The program responds to One such partnership is the Global climate considerations. In the last two requests from countries for support Weather Enterprise (GWE)1, which years, GFDRR has experienced a steady in moving beyond the design and leverages private sector innovation and increase in the number of requests to development of strategies to actual financing in addition to targeted public support multi-sector and multi-country implementation of these solutions, by projects; engage with a wider set of providing seed funding necessary to put 1 The GWE is a global engagement between the actors; and work across silos and existing actual financial instruments in place. public, private, and academic sectors, which boundaries to find new solutions and shares the common goal of providing accurate This program directly co-finances World advance practitioner-based knowledge. and reliable weather information and services Bank’s IDA and IBRD projects, with that save lives, protect infrastructure, and RCC-supported activities continue to enhance economic output. It combines the grants to countries that range in the leverage additional financing to scale up scientific research, technology, observations, amount of $5–$25 million. modeling, forecasting, and forecast products climate resilience in a number of ways. that need to come together in alignment with Building social resilience is key to In Uzbekistan, for example, a pilot on the requirements of the universally agreed Sustainable Development Goals of the UN GFDRR’s mandate, and over 50 percent of operational models for water utilities to 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. core program grants report communities better respond to water security issues Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 5

has been scaled into a $215 million management. At the end of FY19, the Partnership on Disaster Risk Financing country-wide World Bank-financed MDTF and related single-donor trust Analytics, which helps countries build operation. RCC activities also support funds had an active portfolio of nearly financial resilience by improving their the generation of new knowledge to $94.5 million through 202 grants. It understanding of risk; the EU–South inform the resilience building activities supported disaster assessments in 13 Asia Capacity Building for DRM Program, of country partners. countries, helping to mobilize over which supports hydromet service $1.5 billion in additional financing. delivery and enhances capacity among In FY19, GFDRR’s efforts in the area of The MDTF is the main source for regional bodies and the national disaster enabling resilient recovery focused on GFDRR’s analytics work, which has management centers; and the Serbia the development and distribution of helped provide answers to some of National Disaster Risk Management knowledge products, and on fostering the most pressing questions facing Program which is supporting the partnerships to strengthen the capacity development practitioners. In FY19, Republic of Serbia in enhancing DRM and of vulnerable countries for emergency the Facility initiated a program flood prevention systems. preparedness. During the period, GFDRR on the nexus between DRM and trained 304 officials, including 100 The Japan–World Bank Program FCV, bringing together experts in women, in six countries; and provided for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk both fields to help countries better close to $3.5 million for 23 Just-in- Management in Developing Countries integrate good practice. It provided Time and other grants to help more is a partnership between the government financing for knowledge exchange and than 20 countries respond to disasters of Japan and the World Bank, managed events, including the fourth World and better prepare for future events. and implemented through GFDRR’s Reconstruction Conference (WRC4), An initiative on the nexus between Tokyo DRM Hub. In FY19, the program and funding for regional events as part disasters and fragility or conflict- approved 18 grants amounting to over of the Understanding Risk Community. affected situations was launched, $12 million, supporting 27 countries Since FY16, the MDTF has financed beginning to think about how to apply and addressing natural hazards such as approximately 49 percent of GFDRR’s DRM lessons and methodologies to flooding and other hydromet risks, multi- activities. The current fund will be fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) hazard events, and earthquakes. As a closing in December 2020, and a new settings, especially for post-crisis key knowledge center serving the global MDTF is being established to support recovery. This new program funded 10 DRM community, the Tokyo DRM Hub continuity of the program. proposals from covering nine countries facilitated 29 expert exchanges, which which will help DRM and FCV experts The European Union (EU) is a key brought together 72 professionals from explore innovative ways to adapt or partner and funds several programs the public sector, 58 from the private integrate DRM engagements to specific managed by GFDRR. The sector, 37 from academia and research FCV challenges. ACP–EU Natural Disaster Risk institutions, and 16 from civil society. Reduction (ACP–EU NDRR) Program GFDRR manages other purpose-built Financing Windows helps enhance preparedness for natural financing windows which focus on disasters and mitigate impacts in Africa, GFDRR grants are funded through particular areas of engagement or regions, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries by financing received from development but operate under and are aligned with supporting governments integrating risk partners. While many donors contribute the umbrella structure of the Facility. In management approaches into planning. to a common multi-donor trust fund, FY19, two new special programs were In FY19, the ACP–EU NDRR Program dedicated financing is received from launched—the Global Risk Financing funded 25 grants totaling $10 million, Japan, the European Union, and the Facility (GRiF) and the Canada Caribbean supporting countries in enhancing Climate Risks and Early Warning Systems Resilience Facility (CRF). In its pilot disaster preparedness and response (CREWS) Initiative, and as of FY19, from year of implementation, under GRiF, two capacity, forming urban development new financing windows like the Global Risk IDA grants were approved with World plans that incorporate DRM, developing Financing Facility (GRiF) and the Canada Bank co-financing: a grant of $8 million DRM legislation and climate resilience Caribbean Resilience Facility (CRF). co-financed a $90 million disaster risk strategies, and strengthening coastal management operation in Mozambique, The Multi-donor Trust Fund (MDTF) zone management. Other programs and in Sierra Leone, a $2.5 million grant is the main vehicle to support the include: the ACP–EU Building Disaster co-financed a $35 million Investment Facility’s governance structure, Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Project Finance, strengthening the partnerships, and program Program; the EU-WB/GFDRR Global national safety net program. As of FY19, 6 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

the Climate Risk and Early Warning setbacks due to disasters. The team is of Odisha in 1999 is a testament in Systems (CREWS) Initiative had approved also developing tools that can provide part to the progress made by the 13 projects for a total of $32.7 million; further insights into how poverty and government with GFDRR support in these include providing modernized early disaster risks are related in specific ex-ante activities, such as disaster warning systems in Chad; strengthening contexts at the country levels. These preparedness, understanding risk, and the national climate, hydrometeorological, include a set of data collection tools that risk reduction. and early warning services in Togo; and allow for in-depth analyses of poverty DRM is evolving, and with it, the enhancing the capacity for weather-, and disaster risk, and a model that demand for new approaches and measures socioeconomic resilience at water-, and climate-related early support in new sectors. Globally, warning services in Afghanistan. The City the subnational level. GFDRR is helping to meet the rising Resilience Program (CRP) completed In FY19, GFDRR supported operations demand for nature-based solutions by more than 50 Rapid Capital Assessments in several disaster-affected regions. providing technical, analytical, and to assess cities’ capabilities to mobilize In Mozambique, after Cyclones Idai operational support for related projects private capital. and Kenneth, GFDRR support enabled in five regions and 24 countries. a Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage In FY19, GFDRR also helped six Special Features Estimation (GRADE) and a PDNA, which countries—Bhutan, Guatemala, Lao PDR, In recent years, GFDRR-supported informed a $130 million IDA Crisis Myanmar, , and Uzbekistanin analytical work has helped provide Response Window grant. In Indonesia, strengthening the resilience of cultural heritage, local communities, and answers to some of the most pressing after the earthquake and tsunami in sustainable tourism. questions in global development. In Sulawesi, GFDRR supported a GRADE FY19, GFDRR’s analytics team produced and provided $3 million in grant funding Going forward, GFDRR is well-positioned Lifelines, which provides a thorough that will strengthen resilience and and prepared to handle the diversity analysis on the intersection of DRM and preparedness against future disasters. and scale of growing demand, meeting it infrastructure. The report presents a In India, the massive reduction of losses with innovative solutions and a growing strong case for investing in resilience during 2019’s Cyclone Fani compared portfolio of resources that can support during the early stages of infrastructure with the devastation sustained during the design and implementation of more planning, which helps avoid devastating the super cyclone that hit the state complex and multi-sectoral solutions. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 7

How GFDRR Works

MISSION To facilitate implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and to contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development GFDRR’s vision is a world Goals and the Paris Agreement, by ensuring that all development policies, plans, and investments—including post-disaster reconstruction—are designed to minimize where resilient societies disaster risks and build the resilience of people and economies to climate change. manage and adapt to OPERATING PRINCIPLES GFDRR's strategy is underpinned by seven operating ever-changing disaster and principles: Demand-driven; Leveraging Finance and Development Policy; Inclusive Approach; Gender; Addressing Disaster and Climate Risk. Knowledge; and Results- climate risk, and where oriented. the human and economic IN-COUNTRY ENGAGEMENTS GFDRR channels funding to in-country engagements. impact of disasters is It awards grant resources based on established criteria aligned with its operating principles. To help countries bring resilience to scale, many of the activities target reduced. interventions that leverage larger development programs. GFDRR operates across six regions: Africa; East Asia and Pacific; Europe and Central Asia; Latin America and the Caribbean; Middle East and North Africa; and South Asia.

IMPLEMENTATION GFDRR supports technical assistance and analytical work that leverages financing by international financial institutions—including IBRD, IDA, and the Climate Investment Funds—to test and scale innovations that ensure that investments enhance resilience and reduce risks. The World Bank is GFDRR’s main implementing partner, and provides the Facility with the opportunity to leverage development investments well beyond the resources it manages, maximizing development impact.

FINANCING WINDOWS GFDRR is an umbrella trust fund that finances its activities from different sources of funds, including a multi-donor trust fund and special programs.

AREAS OF ENGAGEMENT GFDRR currently executes its strategy through eight areas of engagement that support implementation of the Sendai Framework priorities and the Paris Agreement, and that contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. These are:

■ Using science and innovation in disaster risk management

■ Promoting resilient infrastructure

■ Scaling up engagements for city resilience

■ Strengthening hydromet services and early warning systems

■ Deepening financial protection through disaster risk financing and insurance

■ Building social resilience

■ Deepening engagements in resilience to climate change

■ Enabling resilient recovery 8 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Middle East and North Africa Europe and Central Asia

FY19 IN NUMBERS: $7.5M 7 NEW $30.2M $2.5M BRINGING RESILIENCE TO SCALE 17 ACTIVE GFDRR’sGFDRR’s portfolio portfolio continued continued to grow to globally grow globally during FY19. during Highlights FY19. of Highlights the portfolio’s of progress $9.4M 21 NEW theand contributionsportfolio’s progress to resilience and are contributions below. to resilience are below. 44 ACTIVE

ACTIVE GRANTS East Asia and Pacific (USD $) 142 countries $29.4M $268M covered Latin America & the Caribbean $11.6M

$22.0M

NEW GRANTS $8.3M (USD $) $84M

27NEW 51 ACTIVE

20NEW 48 ACTIVE Global South Asia ACTIVE GRANTS (USD $) $28.3M Africa $73.2M 369 172 $7.4M Active grants Newly approved grants $77.0M

Alignment with Sendai Framework ACTIVE 100% NEW GRANTS (USD $) GRANTS Approved grants supporting $20.8M 92 resilience to climate change 90%* $23.6M Approved grants gender informed NEW 59%* GRANTS 15NEW Community beneficiaries 44 53%* 38NEW 39 78 ACTIVE * Analysis is based on data for grants funded through GFDRR Core Programs. It does not include grants funded through Special Programs or Just-in-Time grants. ACTIVE Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 9

Middle East and North Africa Europe and Central Asia

FY19 IN NUMBERS: $7.5M 7 NEW $30.2M $2.5M BRINGING RESILIENCE TO SCALE 17 ACTIVE GFDRR’s portfolio continued to grow globally during FY19. Highlights of $9.4M 21 NEW the portfolio’s progress and contributions to resilience are below. 44 ACTIVE

ACTIVE GRANTS East Asia and Pacific (USD $) 142 countries $29.4M $268M covered Latin America & the Caribbean $11.6M

$22.0M

NEW GRANTS $8.3M (USD $) $84M

27NEW 51 ACTIVE

20NEW 48 ACTIVE Global South Asia ACTIVE GRANTS (USD $) $28.3M Africa $73.2M 369 172 $7.4M Active grants Newly approved grants $77.0M

Alignment with Sendai Framework ACTIVE 100% NEW GRANTS (USD $) GRANTS Approved grants supporting $20.8M 92 resilience to climate change 90%* $23.6M Approved grants gender informed NEW 59%* GRANTS 15NEW Community beneficiaries 44 53%* 38NEW 39 78 ACTIVE * Analysis is based on data for grants funded through GFDRR Core Programs. It does not include grants funded through Special Programs or Just-in-Time grants. ACTIVE 10 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

NATURAL HAZARDS ADDRESSED AREAS OF ENGAGEMENT TheThe portfolio portfolio targeted targeted the the hazards hazards posing thethe greatest greatest risk risk to tovulnerable vulnerable countries. countries. Most Mostgrants grants continued contin to - The portfolio in FY19 continued to address all strategic areas of engagement. Most grants ued addressto address more more than thanone natural one natural hazard. hazard. Within theWithin portfolio, the portfolio, 87 percent 87 of percent core program of core funding program addressed funding contributed to more than one engagement area and these activities covered all regions. addressedflooding and flooding 76 percent and 76addressed percent geohazards. addressed Othergeohazards. hazards addressedOther hazards by the addressed portfolio include by the liquefaction, portfolio include liquefaction,saltwater saltwater intrusion, intrusion, sea-level sea-level rise, avalanches, rise, avalanches, poor air quality, poor and air sandquality, storms. and sand storms. By region Africa East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa South Asia Global

% funding contributing* 71%

Active grants by type of hazard* Risk Information* Contribution to Resilient infrastructure* Number Urban River Earthquake 36 20 12 21 4 15 42 of grants 22 39 26 35 11 20 47 flooding flooding Total 150 Total 200 43.7 16.7 11.6 11.0 9.7 26.6 Funding 9.6 26.8 14.1 17.6 15.7 33.6 (USD $ Millions) Total $121.7M 2.5 Total $122.4M 5.1

64% 63%

GRANTS City Resilience* Hydromet* Number 16 19 15 26 8 6 32 of grants 20 18 14 6 3 11 19 235 224 216 Total 122 Total 91 Coastal Water Other 7.8 16.1 6.3 12.8 23.2 Funding 25.0 14.7 15.6 8.1 15.9 flooding scarcity hazards** (USD $ Millions) Total $73.9M 3.8 4.0 Total $83.7M 2.9 1.6 23% 53% 183 39% Landslide 128 108 Financial Protection* Community Resilience* 13 11 9 10 2 5 27 Number 37 25 9 25 3 14 35 Tsunami Extreme of grants heat Total 77 Total 148 51% Funding 23.3 12.7 6.5 5.7 23.8 46.4 16.5 13.8 11.0 19.6 31% (USD $ Millions) 180 Total $75.9M 0.9 3.1 Total $112.0M 3.3 1.4

Cyclone 101 88 28% 45% Volcano Wildfire 6% 161 Resilience to Climate Change* Resilient Recovery* 72 33 Number 50 34 11 27 6 24 31 of grants 14 19 7 14 7 5 31 Total 183 Total 97 Funding 58.8 23.3 7.1 11.9 17.1 21.0 17.1 13.9 4.8 5.3 5.0 16.5 25% (USD $ Millions) Total $142.5M 3.4 Total $65.8M 3.2

* Analysis is based on data for grants funded through GFDRR Core Programs. It does not include grants funded through Special Programs or Just-in-Time grants. * Analysis is based on data for grants funded through GFDRR Core Programs. It does not include grants funded through Special Programs or Just-in-Time grants. ** Includes liquefaction, radiological contamination, saltwater intrusion, debris flow risk, sea-level rise, pandemics, avalanches, dzud, poor air quality, urban fire, sand storms. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 11

NATURAL HAZARDS ADDRESSED AREAS OF ENGAGEMENT The portfolio targeted the hazards posing the greatest risk to vulnerable countries. Most grants contin- TheThe portfolio portfolio in FY19 in FY19 continued continued to address to address all strategic all strategic areas of areasengagement. of engagement. Most grants Most contributed grants ued to address more than one natural hazard. Within the portfolio, 87 percent of core program funding contributedto more to more than thanone engagement one engagement area and area these and activities these activities covered all covered regions. all regions. addressed flooding and 76 percent addressed geohazards. Other hazards addressed by the portfolio include liquefaction, saltwater intrusion, sea-level rise, avalanches, poor air quality, and sand storms. By region Africa East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa South Asia Global

% funding contributing* 71%

Active grants by type of hazard* Risk Information* Contribution to Resilient infrastructure* Number Urban River Earthquake 36 20 12 21 4 15 42 of grants 22 39 26 35 11 20 47 flooding flooding Total 150 Total 200 43.7 16.7 11.6 11.0 9.7 26.6 Funding 9.6 26.8 14.1 17.6 15.7 33.6 (USD $ Millions) Total $121.7M 2.5 Total $122.4M 5.1

64% 63%

GRANTS City Resilience* Hydromet* Number 16 19 15 26 8 6 32 of grants 20 18 14 6 3 11 19 235 224 216 Total 122 Total 91 Coastal Water Other 7.8 16.1 6.3 12.8 23.2 Funding 25.0 14.7 15.6 8.1 15.9 flooding scarcity hazards** (USD $ Millions) Total $73.9M 3.8 4.0 Total $83.7M 2.9 1.6 23% 53% 183 39% Landslide 128 108 Financial Protection* Community Resilience* 13 11 9 10 2 5 27 Number 37 25 9 25 3 14 35 Tsunami Extreme of grants heat Total 77 Total 148 51% Funding 23.3 12.7 6.5 5.7 23.8 46.4 16.5 13.8 11.0 19.6 31% (USD $ Millions) 180 Total $75.9M 0.9 3.1 Total $112.0M 3.3 1.4

Cyclone 101 88 28% 45% Volcano Wildfire 6% 161 Resilience to Climate Change* Resilient Recovery* 72 33 Number 50 34 11 27 6 24 31 of grants 14 19 7 14 7 5 31 Total 183 Total 97 Funding 58.8 23.3 7.1 11.9 17.1 21.0 17.1 13.9 4.8 5.3 5.0 16.5 25% (USD $ Millions) Total $142.5M 3.4 Total $65.8M 3.2

* Analysis is based on data for grants funded through GFDRR Core Programs. It does not include grants funded through Special Programs or Just-in-Time grants. * Analysis is based on data for grants funded through GFDRR Core Programs. It does not include grants funded through Special Programs or Just-in-Time grants. ** Includes liquefaction, radiological contamination, saltwater intrusion, debris flow risk, sea-level rise, pandemics, avalanches, dzud, poor air quality, urban fire, sand storms.

to advance resilient recovery ofdisasters intheaftermath inFY19. A deepdive have into how GFDRRandourpartners worked together FY19 Highlights 13 Mozambique before and after landfall of Cyclone Idai Photo: ESA, contains modified Copernicus Sentinel Data (2019). 14 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

India: Kerala floods and Cyclone Fani

India and its population of over ever-changing disaster and climate risk. the World Bank forged ahead with the 1.3 billion people are no stranger to $450 million Resilient Kerala initiative, Immediately following both the 2018 natural hazards. In August 2018, the financed by IDA and IBRD, that will Kerala floods and Cyclone Fani, GFDRR state of Kerala was inundated by the facilitate implementation of a state- supported a rapid post-disaster worst monsoon flooding in a century, led framework for resilient recovery assessment and worked with state claiming the lives of nearly 500 people. authorities, as they developed a road in a range of critical sectors including Even more recently, in May 2019, Cyclone map and mobilized resources for transport, rural infrastructure, and Fani battered Odisha state with torrential longer-term recovery and reconstruction. livelihoods. rains and winds gusting at more than Through these engagements and In the wake of Cyclone Fani, the 120 miles per hour. Sixty-four people lost partnership with national and state government of India, the government their lives while 1.2 million people were authorities, the principles of building of Odisha, and the World Bank signed evacuated to cyclone shelters. back better have been embedded at a $165 million IBRD loan agreement every stage of the recovery process in Since 2007, the government of India, to assist smallholder farmers in both Kerala and Odisha. as well as over a dozen states including strengthening the resilience of Kerala and Odisha, have partnered with After the Kerala floods, the government production systems—an effort that GFDRR in efforts to manage and adapt to of India, the government of Kerala, and has become a vital part of Odisha’s to theFifteenth Finance Commission reflected injointGFDRR-UNDP support management arealso and climate risk toadvance comprehensivedrive disaster and Odisha.The government ofIndia’s implement resilient recovery inKerala andgovernancerisk assessments, and for resilience, conduct multi-hazard operationalize buildingregulations arecontinuing to Indian authorities toward commitment. its support a decadeofGFDRRandWorld Bank the nationalandstate andover level, toadvance resilience efforts atboth These latest initiatives buildonIndia’s strategy. comprehensive management disaster risk development ofearly warningsystems purpose sheltersandthe cyclone the construction ofhundredsmulti- disaster-resilient guidelines. InOdisha, homes were reconstructed following stateUttarakhand in2013,nearly 2,400 In response todevastating floodsin reduce losses whendisaster strikes. togetherThese save efforts lives and March 2019. on Disaster Resilient Infrastructure in theInternationalWorkshoporganizing infrastructure, andwasa key in partner develop acoalition for disaster resilient thegovernment’ssupporting initiative to reduction.Finally,disaster risk GFDRRis on public financialmanagement for the globalresilience agenda. is eager toplay aleadingroleindriving athome,India disaster andclimate risks expertise andexperience tackling national government. onits Drawing leadership andcommitment ofthe India hasbeentheresultofstrong This progress toward amoreresilient are women. 300,000 people,ofwhomalmost half resilient roadsandsheltersfor nearly of AndhraPradeshexpanded access to Phailin in2013.Most recently, thestate Cyclone Fani in2019 andCyclone in fatalities, ofboth intheaftermath tothesharpreduction contributed

People walk through flooded streets in Alleppey, Kerala, India. Photo: AJP / Shutterstock.com. 16 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Indonesia: Central Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami

Following the earthquake and tsunami August 2018, causing 561 fatalities and The advantage of this approach is the in Indonesia during 2018, GFDRR’s displacing almost 400,000 people. And speed at which the damage estimation support for rapid assessments—including the eruption and subsequent partial can be produced. Within 10 to 14 days of innovative damage estimations—helped collapse of the Anak Krakatau Volcano a disaster event, stakeholders can inform $438 million2 of World Bank in December 2018 led to a tsunami that access loss estimates and visualize the assistance for resilient recovery and risk caused 437 fatalities and displaced spatial distribution of damages. This can reduction efforts. almost 34,000. support the development of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction strategies, The earthquake and tsunami that hit Immediately following these events, and inform appropriate, timely, and Central Sulawesi in September 2018 GFDRR’s assistance helped to support the efficient courses of action. For the Central were in many ways unique disasters, process of doing technical assessments Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami, the giving rise to a cascade of hazard for rapid loss estimates, debris waste GRADE assessment was the first report to events that affected four districts in management, vulnerability assessments be released globally, providing sector- Central Sulawesi and causing extensive of public facilities, and a preliminary based preliminary economic damage damages. A magnitude 7.5 main shock assessment of early warning services and estimates to inform disaster recovery and triggered three nearfield tsunamis that disaster preparedness needs in affected reconstruction processes, and informing reached the shores of settlements along areas. budgetary considerations. Palu Bay within six minutes, and ground shaking led to devastating landslides and Rapid data assessment The speed with which the damage estimation was produced—within 14 liquefaction effects in densely populated As part of the World Bank’s response to areas of Palu and Sigi. The disaster led days—has proven effective in giving the disaster, GFDRR supported a rapid stakeholders quick access to the to more than 4,400 fatalities, displaced assessment of the damage to affected economic cost and spatial distribution approximately 170,000 people, and areas in Central Sulawesi using the of damages, to help develop post- caused over $1.3 billion in economic Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage disaster recovery and reconstruction losses.3 Previous to that, a series of Estimation (GRADE) methodology. The strategies and inform appropriate, earthquakes struck Lombok in July and assessment was conducted by the World timely, and efficient courses of action. Bank’s Disaster-Resilience Analytics 2 All IBRD funded: $150 million (CSRRP) + The assessment helped to inform the $160 million (IDRIP) + $100 million (CERC and Solutions (D-RAS) team, a group of design of support for the government NSUP) + $25 million (CERC WINRIP). GFDRR technical experts that develops custom- of Indonesia to supplement relief and provided $3 million in grant financing. 3 Central Sulawesi Center of Disaster Data and built tools and solutions in the area of reconstruction efforts in the disaster- Information. March 2019. disaster risk management. affected areas of Central Sulawesi. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 17 Jono Oge, Indonesia—Collapsed bridge after and the September 2018 earthquake Indonesia—Collapsed Jono Oge, Photo: Nurwijaya Hariadi. Sulawesi. tsunami that hit Central

Supporting larger interventions capacity building, and instrumentation. for Aceh and . This fund managed approximately $655 million to rebuild In FY19 GFDRR provided $3 million GFDRR has also supported the resilient 20,000 homes and a wide range of vital in grant financing that will strengthen recovery process in Central Sulawesi resilience and preparedness in Indonesia by helping to assess the post-disaster infrastructure to higher construction against future disasters. The technical impacts on the housing, transport, and and resilience standards, including assistance activities supported under social infrastructure sectors, including 3,850 km of roads, 677 schools, 72 this grant will enhance project outcomes through structural vulnerability clinics, and 8,000 wells and clean under the contingency component assessments of public buildings and an water sources. These interventions activated under the IBRD-funded assessment of debris waste management highlighted the importance of building $100 million National Slum Upgrading opportunities. Recommendations resilience against future disasters into Project and the IBRD-funded $150 included seismic retrofitting and reconstruction efforts—a realization million Central Sulawesi Rehabilitation strengthening solutions, prioritized within the World Bank which led and Reconstruction Project, which investment options for educational and directly to the establishment of GFDRR. are supporting the reconstruction and health facilities, preparatory activities for In addition to the support for resilient strengthening of housing settlements recovery of selected roads and bridges, recovery, GFDRR’s other ongoing and deconstruction and debris waste and public facilities in the affected support to Indonesia includes efforts to recycling strategies. Rapid assessments areas. Technical support on disaster- and develop investment options for urban of damages and impacts on early warning climate-resilient transport infrastructure flood risk reduction and management services and emergency management recovery in Central Sulawesi and in selected cities, and improving nationally also supports the contingency systems in Palu also helped to identify preparedness and response planning component activated under the IBRD- investment options for the restoration for dams in selected areas. In FY19, funded $25 million Western Indonesia of basic earthquake monitoring and new initiatives include a $3 million National Roads Improvement Project. information services, and tsunami early grant aimed at identifying priority In addition, the grant is supporting the warning services, in areas affected by the investments in the transport sector, preparation of the proposed Indonesia disaster events in 2018. Disaster Resilience Initiatives Project developing investment plans based A history of partnership (IBRD-funded $160 million), which will on critical needs for multi-hazard strengthen the capacity of government in Indonesia early warning system platforms, and authorities to prepare for future natural Following the 2004 tsunami, the integrating resilient principles into hazards through an integrated end-to- World Bank, along with several global resilient transport recovery, as well as end multi-hazard early warning system, partners, contributed to the recovery a $200,000 grant for implementing with critical priority investments and reconstruction efforts in Indonesia a national disaster risk financing and in geophysical monitoring systems, by establishing the Multi Donor Fund insurance strategy. 18 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Mozambique: Cyclones Idai and Kenneth

Relief efforts in Mozambique after quickly to the disasters, providing supporting a government-led Post- Cyclones Idai and Kenneth in early 2019 much needed aid to those affected. As Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA). showcase GFDRR’s holistic approach to they tended to the most urgent human The PDNA estimated that Cyclone disaster risk management (DRM), from needs, support from GFDRR helped Idai caused about $1.4 billion in total projects which strengthened lifesaving the government of Mozambique and damage and $1.39 billion in losses, with infrastructure before the cyclones hit technical teams with early response and major impacts in housing and transport and innovative financial solutions which planning for next steps. infrastructure. are helping the government build back better and providing support to small The immediate aftermath Looking ahead and medium enterprises to continue Shortly after Idai dissipated, an initial The findings of the PDNA helped mobilize operations. damage assessment using the Global further support and directly informed the On March 14, 2019, Mozambique Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation preparation of the Cyclone Idai & was hit by Cyclone Idai, the second- (GRADE), a speedy and information-rich Kenneth Emergency Recovery and deadliest ever recorded remote methodology, was done, drawing Resilience Project. The project is a $130 in the South-West basin. on analysis done by World Bank teams million IDA Crisis Response Window With powerful winds and extensive with GFDRR support through a Just-in- grant, which will be used to repair and flooding, it killed more than 600 Time (JIT) grant. Using satellite imagery reconstruct housing and rebuild public people in the northern and central along with data compiled through infrastructure while strengthening parts of the country, directly affected the Africa Disaster Risk Financing climate resilience in the areas most more than 1.8 million people, and Initiative (ADRF), the GRADE analysis affected by Idai and Kenneth. The project devastated infrastructure, with recovery identified approximately $773 million also has a first-of-its-kind private sector needs exceeding $3 billion. Cyclone in damages to buildings, infrastructure, recovery component that will help micro Idai also had significant impacts in and agriculture. Equipped with this and small-sized firms get back on their the neighboring countries of Malawi knowledge, the government and feet and improve access to finance and Zimbabwe, and the devastation recovery teams were able to make more through matching grants, credit lines, of its aftermath was exacerbated by informed decisions about allocation of and technical assistance to support the the impact of Cyclone Kenneth, a less recovery resources in a much shorter implementation of these firms. deadly storm which struck on April 23, time frame. Following the GRADE, 2019. Humanitarian agencies responded a team was on the ground in Beira May 1, 2019: Aerial view of devastated fishing village after Cyclone Kenneth in Cyclone Aerial after fishing view 1,village of devastated 2019: May northern Photo: fivepointsix. Mozambique. Pemba,

Coming together for a more Cyclone Idai, and (ii) a sovereign exposure to coastal and river flooding. comprehensive DRM plan risk insurance scheme that is being Fortunately, the city of Beira had prepared with the $8 million in grants recently upgraded its stormwater These resilient recovery activities provided by the GRiF. Of this, $6 million drainage system. Just six months before complement existing and long-standing is directly co-financing IDA resources Idai made landfall, the first stage of the DRM efforts in the country. In the in the project to pay for premium IDA-supported Mozambique Cities and days following Idai, the World Bank subsidies for cyclone or drought Climate Change Project was completed. approved the Mozambique Disaster insurance, which is complemented with The new drainage system, which Risk Management and Resilience $2 million in technical assistance to benefits over 250,000 people, including Program, a project which had been support the government on design and over 70,000 people living in informal under preparation during the previous implementation of the instrument. settlements, helped divert large two years with support from the ADRF quantities of storm water out to the The master plan is aligned with the initiative. The $90 million project sea. The areas that had benefited from priorities of the Sendai Framework ($84 million from IDA and $6 million drainage rehabilitation investments for Disaster Risk Reduction, and has from Global Risk Financing Facility, under the project suffered little to no 4 five strategic pillars: (i) improving the GRiF) is supporting implementation flood damage compared to areas not understanding of risk; (ii) strengthening of Mozambique's second DRM master serviced by rehabilitated drainage governance and public and private plan, which will strengthen disaster systems. preparedness throughout the country, participation in disaster risk reduction; improve climate resilience in its school (iii) mainstreaming DRM in public The success of this intervention has infrastructure, and enhance financial investment and territorial planning, helped drive institutional support in protection against disasters through a and consolidating financial protection Beira to undertake other resilience- new Disaster Management Fund. against disaster; (iv) strengthening building projects. "The drainage system disaster preparedness, response, rapid and water retention basin worked well The project includes two financial recovery, and resilient reconstruction; during heavy rains earlier this year,” instruments for disaster response: and (v) building partnerships and said Beira Mayor Daviz Simango during (i) a contingency fund capitalized with international cooperation. the aftermath of the storm. “Even after IDA funds and the national budget, Cyclone Idai, Beira faced less flooding which was first used to respond to Successful DRM investments than other parts of the country. Now we the recovery requirements following helped strengthen the case for need to extend our drainage network to more other parts of the city.” 4 GRiF is co-managed by GFDRR and the World Bank’s Finance, Competitiveness, and The losses could have been even Innovation Global Practice. worse. Mozambican cities have high

development programs. target thatinformAs such,manyofGFDRR activities interventions larger Core toGFDRR’sprinciples. resilience bring toscale. vision ishelpingcountries capacity, operating aligned its with andawardsgrantresources based oncriteria engagements thathelpstrengthen funds toin-country local GFDRR channels In-Country Engagements 21 Fire drill in Puducherry, India. Photo: World Bank. 22 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Africa

Active $77.0M Africa is the fastest urbanizing committments 78 continent and faces mounting Active challenges as the population New funding $23.6M grants rapidly concentrates in under- resourced cities. The rapid processes of urbanization mean 38New that the disaster risk profiles of countries in Africa are evolving coordination among communities in an IDA-funded $200 million Greater from predominantly rural, with emergency responses. Accra Resilient and Integrated drought and food security as the Development Project, which includes ■ In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the main challenges—to urban, with total planned financing of $1 billion Disaster Risk Management challenges from floods, cyclones, in subsequent phases to improve (DRM) Mainstreaming Guideline and earthquakes. flood risk management capacity. was launched with the goal of operationalizing the DRM strategic ■ Cabo Verde and Malawi both investment framework. More than advanced work on DRM policies, risk Some highlights of work in the 300 participants representing profiles, and disaster risk financing, region include: different sector ministries, which informed the preparation of regional and subregional office the Development Policy Loans with ■ In Comoros, Malawi, Mozambique, representatives, development a Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown and Zimbabwe, which were all partners, and civil society Option (Cat DDO), in the amount of severely damaged by Cyclone Idai representatives joined this launch $10 million in IDA funding in Cabo and Cyclone Kenneth in early 2019, event. Verde and $70 million in IDA funding accelerated post-disaster support in Malawi. helped the four countries mobilize ■ In Sierra Leone, the collection of $630 million in IDA grants and flood and landslide data allowed ■ Benin, Kenya, Lesotho, , credits from the Crisis Response the government to make evidence- Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Window to further recovery and based interventions and investments and Senegal all continued to reconstruction work. to reduce the transport sector’s make progress in strengthening vulnerability to floods and landslides. institutional capacity for disaster ■ In Kampala, Uganda, local This technical assistance is informing risk financing. In Kenya, this included communities worked to enhance the design of an IDA-financed $50 the design of a shock-responsive emergency preparedness and million urban transport project that component of the IDA-financed $250 response capacity. Formalizing will increase mobility and resilience million Kenya Social and Economic multiagency planning and of the urban transport infrastructure Inclusion Project (KSEIP) that will coordination structures at city, in Freetown. use a risk layering approach to division, and ward levels helped the develop a contingency fund and city constitute the City Disaster Risk ■ In the Greater Accra Region in insurance coverage. Management Technical Committee Ghana, technical assistance is (CDRMTC), which will improve helping the government to prepare Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 23

In Focus Driving resilience policies and ensuring access to post-disaster financing in Africa

Results in Numbers

98 regulatory, institutional and policy actions for resilience and disaster risk management spanning key areas such as access to information, institutional coordination, asset loss reduction, socio-economic resilience, and resilient territorial and development planning National Integrated Emergency Management Plan. Management National Integrated Emergency Seychelles Bank Department Photo: World Management. of Risk and Disaster

overnments across Sub-Saharan Africa have For example, in Malawi, the $70 million IDA-financed often lacked the resources they need to act and Cat DDO, approved in June 2019, has accelerated the respond swiftly when disaster strikes. In response, implementation of eight high-level reforms in the country’s GFDRR-supported programs are delivering disaster risk management policy and institutional regime. Gtechnical assistance to Cabo Verde, Kenya, Malawi, and the At the top of Malawi’s reform agenda is the recent approval Seychelles, as these governments are working to structure by the country’s cabinet of ministers of a historic disaster and prepare Development Policy Loans with Catastrophe risk management bill that will shift the focus of DRM from Deferred Drawdown Options (Cat DDOs). These contingent emergency response to holistic and longer-term resilience. lines of credit, available for the first time to IDA countries Malawi has also adopted policies that will mainstream through IDA 18, provide immediate liquidity in the disaster and climate resilience into the country’s urban aftermath of a disaster and are based on a series of policy development, transport, and education programs. The actions that are designed to strengthen a country’s disaster government will also be implementing a plan for the risk management capacity. Policy-based lending operations development of a shock responsive social protection system help support governments’ commitments to implementing to save the most vulnerable when disaster strikes. comprehensive strategies, policies, legal reforms, and institutional frameworks that provide direction and Overall, work in this area in Sub-Saharan Africa has coherence to country-level DRM programs. facilitated the approval of $287 million in Cat DDOs— including for Cabo Verde ($10 million), Kenya ($200 So far, in 17 Sub-Saharan African countries, 98 regulatory, million), Malawi ($70 million), and the Seychelles institutional, and policy actions have been formulated ($7 million)—and helped drive progress that includes and implemented, spanning key areas such as access to monitoring and evaluation systems for the policy information, institutional coordination, asset loss reduction, frameworks to ensure that they contribute to bolstering socioeconomic resilience, and resilient territorial and resilience over the long term. Preparation work for development planning. similar programs is now underway in Benin, Lesotho, and Madagascar as well. 24 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

East Asia and Pacific

Active $29.4M East Asia and Pacific (EAP) has committments suffered the costliest disasters 51 of any region as a whole, with Active disaster losses continuing to grants outpace economic growth in New funding 27 New some subregions.5 Annualized $11.6M economic losses amount to was completed following heavy water supply network is helping to more than $300 billion per flooding in July and August of 2019. change thinking about how to protect 6 year when slow-onset disasters The exercise included the analyses of the functioning of critical municipal are taken into account. FY19 disaster impacts on employment and services during adverse natural experienced its share of natural livelihoods, with particular attention events. disasters. Lao PDR, Myanmar, to gender, disability, and child ■ In Samoa and , work is Papua New Guinea, and the protection aspects. The PDNA helped underway to ensure systematic Philippines experienced severe mobilize more than $54 million inclusion of gender considerations floods, and Central Sulawesi in recovery and reconstruction and universal access in the in Indonesia was devastated funds and informed the design of a reconstruction and repair of school by an earthquake, subsequent recovery strategy to support the most infrastructure. tsunami, and landslides. In vulnerable. It also helped advance terms of climate-related events policy reforms and strengthen ■ In the Philippines, the government is alone, Southeast Asian countries financial preparedness. Also in Lao designing a large program to address often rank among the top 10 PDR, GFDRR is supporting technical seismic risk in the Greater countries most affected globally. assistance to guide a $10 million Manila area. Work is underway to investment program to modernize prioritize the retrofitting of public hydrometeorological services and infrastructure for schools and Some highlights of work in the improve forecasting capacity and hospitals, and to identify critical region include: early warning systems. investments needed to strengthen the capacity of emergency services. ■ Following the earthquake in ■ Risk considerations are now September 2018 in Central being integrated into existing and ■ In Vietnam, municipal authorities in Sulawesi, existing activities on planned infrastructure investments Hanoi are developing an investment strengthening urban flood mitigation in Indonesia, Samoa, Tonga, proposal for drainage and sewage and emergency preparedness and . A particular area of treatment infrastructure meant to quickly expanded to include focus is the construction industry. strengthen both flood resilience and priority investments to support For example, in Vanuatu, where ensure water quality. at least 7,000 disaster-affected retrofitting and reconstruction are households. Technical assistance taking place following , ■ Ministries of finance in Cambodia, was instrumental in mobilizing new standards are being used to Lao PDR, and Myanmar continue nearly $100 million in emergency ensure that new infrastructure is to work on the development of a funds to finance immediate recovery, cyclone proofed. Additionally, in regional disaster risk insurance as well as the preparation and Indonesia, following the Central pooling mechanism, under the implementation of an IBRD-funded Sulawesi earthquake, seismic Southeast Asia Disaster Risk $150 million Central Sulawesi resistant standards are increasingly Insurance Facility (SEADRIF). The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction being used to ensure the safety SEADRIF platform was recently project. of occupants and the business established in Singapore to help continuity of key buildings. countries better access the private ■ In Lao PDR, a government-led post- catastrophe insurance markets. disaster needs assessment (PDNA) ■ In Cambodia and Myanmar, disaster and climate risk considerations ■ Indonesia advanced work on 5 Germanwatch, Global Climate Risk Index are being integrated into road developing its first national disaster 2019. infrastructure projects. In Yangon, risk finance and insurance (DRFI) 6 UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia strategy. and the Pacific, 2019. a vulnerability assessment of the Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 25

In Focus Designing and building climate-resilient bridges in Vietnam

Results in Numbers

Nearly 200 officials trained in international best practice on climate-resilient bridge construction Cinematic shot of a bridge near Can Tho. Photo: helivideo. shot of a bridgeCinematic near Can Tho.

ver the past three decades, Vietnam has come a operation, and maintenance costs. Results from the analysis long way in charting a path toward a sustainable indicate that the investment costs of UHPC bridges will and inclusive future. Determined to maintain and be comparable to that of traditional concrete bridges in even accelerate this progress, the government has Vietnam. Obeen making big investments in its transport infrastructure to keep up with the country’s rapid economic growth and In keeping with the national government’s commitment highly ambitious development goals. to ensure that this initiative generates livelihood opportunities, the preparatory assessment is also looking The impacts of a changing climate are only heightening into the feasibility of using Vietnamese materials in the urgency of strengthening Vietnam’s transport the production of UHPC, as well as the capacity of local infrastructure—including the vast network of bridges manufacturers to produce this material. which provide a vital economic link and mode of travel in this country crisscrossed by rivers and canals. As a result GFDRR has also been supporting government efforts to of extreme weather, exacerbated by climate change, the bolster expertise on climate-resilient bridges. Nearly 200 country has been experiencing an increasing number of officials from agencies such as the Ministry of Transport severe and sometimes fatal accidents involving temporary and the Directorate for Roads of Vietnam participated bridges that have collapsed during monsoon flooding. in workshops on best practices for UHPC application to bridge construction, which included a high-level knowledge Recognizing the need to tackle this challenge, the exchange in Tokyo with Japanese experts. government of Vietnam, in partnership with GFDRR, is implementing a pilot for the design and construction of These preparatory efforts set the stage for the next phase climate-resilient, ultra–high-performance concrete (UHPC) of this initiative: the design and construction of pilot bridges. UHPC is a new class of highly durable building UHPC bridges in three provinces representing different 7 material which is more resilient to weather-related topographies. Construction of one of these bridges has just deterioration than conventional materials. been completed, while the remaining two bridges are now nearing completion. The government plans to evaluate the A key first step is the ongoing preparatory assessment of outcomes and modify its handbook accordingly, prior to the financial and technical requirements of UHPC bridge scaling up this initiative elsewhere in Vietnam. construction. Once completed, the assessment will inform the development of a handbook detailing comprehensive 7 GFDRR’s engagement to pilot climate-resilient bridges in Vietnam is and country-specific guidance for UHPC bridge construction. closely aligned with the IDA-funded Results-based Operation for Local Bridge Construction and Road Asset Management (LRAMP), which is A preliminary life-cycle cost analysis has been completed, working to improve road and bridge connectivity in 51 provinces across which will be critical in planning UHPC bridge construction, Vietnam. Pilot bridge construction is being funded under that operation. 26 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Europe and Central Asia

Active $30.2M Disaster risks in the Europe committments and Central Asia (ECA) region 44 are exacerbated by aging, Active inadequately maintained public grants infrastructure, lack of awareness 21 New New funding of potential risks, and climate $9.4M change. Where programs are more mature, a range Some highlights of work disaster and climate risks into the of advanced and innovative in the region include: urban development and investment measures are now in place. planning agendas. ■ In Romania, one grant informed These include the generation ■ In Azerbaijan, the government is of analytics and geographic three investment loans (Strengthen- developing a comprehensive strategy information system (GIS) ing DRM in Romania; Strengthening document that addresses seismic layers so that governments and Preparedness and Emergency Pre- risks faced by the housing sector, local communities can better paredness; and Improving Resilience incorporating disaster resilience as understand the risks facing and Emergency Response) which will an integral part of the strategy. The them, mainstreaming of disaster help make 35 emergency facilities government of Azerbaijan is also risk management (DRM) into resistant to disasters; provide five committed to considering disaster government policies, and the million citizens with resilient fire, resilience in a new housing policy promotion of investments in rescue, and emergency coordination which is under development. Disaster critical infrastructure resilience facilities; and enhance preparedness. risk considerations, particularly to enhance urban and sector ■ In Turkey, $560 million in additional earthquake risks, will be included resilience. IDA/IBRD financing was mobilized in government interventions to for the Sustainable Cities 2 Project. address run-down housing. Certain The project has a particular focus on building types, such as the pre-1990s integrating climate and disaster resil- multifamily apartment buildings, face ience and reduction in GHG emis- seismic threats and require signifi- sions in critical city infrastructure. cant maintenance and repair. How- The grant funded activities to build ever, they are still highly sought after the capacity of municipalities to given their access to public transport assess multi-hazard and climate risk, and other amenities. There are develop resilient city strategies, and positive developments—for example, develop prioritized investment plans seismic risk is increasingly consid- for risk reduction and enhanced ered in energy efficiency improve- preparedness. Across the region, mu- ments which are common in these nicipalities are starting to integrate buildings in many ECA countries. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 27

In Focus Tackling disaster vulnerabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s road network

Results in Numbers

26 senior officials trained on resilient disaster risk management practices Seven days after the flood. Photo: © Alen Ciric after the flood. Photo: © Alen days Seven | Dreamstime.com.

osnia and Herzegovina faces a multitude of natural Herzegovina’s road network. This assessment informed the hazards, such as earthquakes, droughts, floods, and World Bank’s approval of $65 million in IBRD financing for landslides. In 2014, catastrophic floods killed more the Federation Road Sector Modernization Project. Expected Bthan 20 people, displaced 90,000, and severely to be completed in 2021, the initiative is upgrading Bosnia disrupted the economy. The country’s infrastructure, and Herzegovina’s transport infrastructure along priority including the road system, was hit hard by the devastation. transport links and bolstering its capacity for sustainable The national government has incurred a staggering $286 transport asset management. million in costs associated with repairing damaged roads. Strengthening the capacity and expertise of key government As Bosnia and Herzegovina continues its drive to build back officials to understand and manage disaster and climate better and stronger after the floods, GFDRR is supporting risks more broadly—beyond the country’s road network— the national government in strengthening its ability to has also been a critical piece of our engagement. Over 24 understand and manage the country’s climate and disaster senior officials from the country’s civil protection and road risks, thus paving the way for a risk-informed approach to sector authorities, including Public Company Roads of the disaster and emergency preparedness. Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (PC Roads), have participated in intensive workshops on critical disaster risk In light of the importance of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s management issues ranging from vulnerability assessment road network for its growth and development prospects, to urban search and rescue. a principal focus of this initiative has been supporting Bosnian authorities in mainstreaming disaster risk Recognizing the value of taking lessons from Bosnia and management into their road network management practices. Herzegovina’s worst natural disaster in decades, the Key first steps include a review of climate and disaster workshops have given participants the opportunity to take resilience strategies currently used by Bosnian road stock of the national and international response to the authorities, as well as a geographic information system 2014 floods. Drawing on their enhanced understanding (GIS) inventory and visualization of hazard, exposure, and of the country’s climate and disaster risks, Bosnian road vulnerability data related to the road network. sector officials have since taken the lead in formulating and implementing an action plan for resilience, covering These efforts set the stage for a comprehensive climate areas such as governance, coordination, knowledge and disaster vulnerability assessment of Bosnia and management, and asset management. 28 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Latin America and the Caribbean

Active $22.0M By recent estimates, Latin committments 48 America and the Caribbean Active (LAC) is one of the most New funding grants vulnerable regions to extreme weather events—five of the top $8.3M 20 New ten countries most affected by climate globally are in the LAC region. The work that the potential financial and fiscal school infrastructure plan, including is being done to reconstruct implications, the link between programs to reduce seismic entire nations and strengthen DRM policies and socioeconomic vulnerability. resilience, particularly in the well-being, and the impact of Caribbean, is continuous. adverse natural events on poverty. ■ In El Salvador, an assessment Efforts to mainstream resilience During the fiscal year, a Disaster identified local public investment across development sectors are Loss Assessment Tool—Sistema projects that can boost sustainable making significant progress, with de Recopilación y Evaluación de economic development and ongoing country engagements Daños para la República Dominicana resilience in select municipalities. broadening to include more (SIRED-RD)—was developed and These activities are serving as in-depth policy reforms, as launched, providing users with the preparatory inputs into the IBRD- well as innovative applications ability to quantify direct economic funded $200 million of solutions for safer housing, losses from adverse natural events El Salvador Local Economic insurance, quality infrastructure, in the country. Additionally, an Resilience Project. and more resilient cities. econometric model was developed to improve understanding of the ■ In Brazil, state and city governments impact of disasters and climate- are strengthening institutional and Some highlights of work in the related shocks on poverty and technical capacities to mainstream disaster risk reduction into territorial region include: other socioeconomic indicators in the Dominican Republic. Following planning, public investments, and ■ In the Commonwealth of Dominica, this, the Ministry of Finance public finances. This has further work is underway on resilient created a mechanism for the fiscal strengthened a partnership with reconstruction and recovery management of contingent liabilities the Southern Brazil Regional planning in the housing sector, associated with disasters. Development Bank (BRDE) in Porto which was heavily damaged by Alegre to address the social impacts ■ In Central America, stakeholders Hurricane Maria in 2018. Technical of floods. are working to analyze the assistance to support what is needed most significant advances and ■ In Bolivia, national-, municipal-, and for a successful national housing shortcomings in key areas of disaster city-level entities are conducting recovery program are contributing to risk management (DRM). Integrating technical evaluations of Santa Cruz’s implementation of the $40 million resilience into key infrastructure drainage network vulnerability and IDA-financed Housing Recovery sectors has been identified as critical a preliminary linear park design for Project. The development of a in facilitating policy dialogue on green spaces in El Alto, with the Management Information System enhanced regional cooperation and objective of increasing capacity to (MIS) through the grant will help promoting inter-sectoral resilience manage rapid urbanization, improve improve adequate and transparent investments in the subregion. As a living conditions, and reduce project beneficiary selection and first step, a competition was launched hazards. Technical outputs have been support record keeping, compliance, for integrated designs of affordable used in preparing the IDA-financed and monitoring of project recovery resilient housing prototypes, which Bolivia Urban Resilience Project, activities. has provided solutions that can be a $70 million operation to reduce applied globally. ■ In the Dominican Republic, the vulnerability to hydrometeorological government is working to broaden ■ In Colombia, the Municipality of hazards and improve living understanding of hazard risk and Cali is designing the first municipal conditions in specific municipalities. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 29

In Focus Building volcanic resilience in Guatemala

Results in Numbers

Nearly 800 people trained in volcanic resilience capacity building Recovery efforts following the June 2018 eruption of Guatemala’s efforts the June 2018 eruption of Guatemala’s following Recovery Bank. Photo: World de Fuego. Volcán

n June 2018, Guatemala’s Volcán de Fuego erupted Guatemala’s volcanic resilience road map proved critical violently, claiming the lives of at least 159 people and to the Ministry of Finance’s successful efforts to increase forcing the evacuation of over 3,000 people from their INSIVUMEH’s 2019 budget. It also facilitated the homes. Guatemala’s deadliest volcanic disaster since preparation of Guatemala’s second Catastrophe Deferred I1902, the eruption also destroyed an estimated 8,500 Drawdown Option (Cat DDO), a contingent line of credit hectares of corn, bean, and coffee crops, disrupting the which provides immediate liquidity following a disaster livelihoods of families living close to the volcano. and, at the same time, supports key policy reforms to advance disaster risk management and climate adaptation. Within days of the eruption, GFDRR supported the implementation of a rapid assessment that leveraged Strengthening the capacity of local actors, from the national satellite data to estimate damages in affected areas. to the subnational levels, has been front and center at This was followed by a more comprehensive damage every stage of GFDRR’s engagement. Four months after the and needs assessment, which further informed the eruption, more than 200 delegates from the Guatemalan government of Guatemala’s disaster recovery framework. government, private sector, and civil society attended an These assessments proved invaluable to key national and international volcanic resilience workshop in Guatemala international actors as they mobilized relief and recovery City, which featured volcanic risk experts from eight efforts in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. countries. In total, nearly 800 people have participated in the volcanic resilience capacity building and training Recognizing the importance of longer term volcanic risk activities in Guatemala since the Fuego eruption. reduction, the Facility was a key partner of the government of Guatemala as it embarked on the development of a In line with the volcanic resilience road map, the technical national road map for volcanic resilience. Since adopted assistance has enabled six municipalities close to the by the government, the plan outlines specific actions for Fuego volcano to strengthen their land use planning. At achieving volcanic resilience in a range of critical areas, the national level, GFDRR’s support has facilitated the such as land use planning; strengthening the National development of INSIVUMEH’s institutional diagnostic that Institute of Seismology, Volcanology, Meteorology and will inform its strategic planning, as well as the Ministry Hydrology (INSIVUMEH); fiscal risk management; and risk of Culture’s integration of disaster risk management in the communication with local communities. protection of the country’s cultural heritage sites.

“ It was not just an isolated activity but a comprehensive process that led to key institutional support. Our dream is that this help can be materialized in becoming a stronger scientific institution.” Juan Pablo Oliva, Director, National Institute of Seismology, Volcanology, Meteorology and Hydrology (INSIVUMEH) 30 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Middle East and North Africa

Active $7.5M Across the Middle East and North committments 17 Africa (MNA) region, droughts, Active earthquakes, water scarcity, grants 7 New and heat waves continue to New funding $2.5M hamper development efforts and adversely impact livelihoods and economies. In FY19, weather extremes, such as torrential ■ In Yemen, as part of strengthening five hours in northeast Tunisia. In rains and floods, have affected social resilience and inclusion, the aftermath, a government-led tens of thousands—with many women and local communities are rapid needs assessment, conducted events occurring in contexts of working to identify risk management in close partnership with the World fragility arising from conflict. mechanisms for conflict and disaster. Bank, the United Nations, and the Disaster recovery efforts They are also guiding decision- European Union, identified nearly have been underway in such making processes for the restoration $100 million in recovery needs, countries, presenting more of critical urban services for water primarily in the transport, housing, complex challenges and a need supply and sanitation, electricity, and and agriculture sectors. In just one for coordinated efforts among transportation. week, government officials were additional development partners. trained in assessment methodology, ■ Based on a first-of-its-kind regional Disaster risk reduction in urban while data were collected during capacity assessment of Algeria, areas remains a priority in this field visits and analyzed. Since Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, heavily urbanized region where completion of the assessment, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, many cities are significantly disaster risk management (DRM) Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and exposed to natural hazards. engagements in Tunisia have West Bank Gaza, governments are broadened to include discussions on improving the institutional capacity developing comprehensive programs of national meteorological and involving flood risk management, Some highlights of work in the hydrological services. In partnership hydrometeorology and risk finance. region include: with the World Meteorological ■ In Jordan, technical assistance is Organization (WMO), governments ■ In Djibouti, a rapid needs helping to strengthen resilience have drawn on analytical and advisory assessment conducted just after in municipalities impacted by the support as they formulate strategic Tropical Storm Sagar in May 2018 Syrian refugee crisis. In addition to capacity-building frameworks and identified approximately $30 million addressing concerns surrounding deliver technical and management in recovery needs, primarily in the natural hazard risks and social training of staff supporting transport, water and sanitation, tensions between refugees and host operational change management. and housing sectors. The country communities, national and municipal While initial gains may seem modest, has also developed an institutional authorities received assistance the effort nevertheless represents framework for national disaster in developing local solid waste a major milestone, with countries response and a national disaster management plans for all Jordanian increasingly agreeing to promote communication strategy, and municipalities, and stormwater interagency data sharing and received advisory support in creating management assessments were management of climate-related data. a disaster response fund. Efforts are conducted for Mafraq and Irbid also underway to update, streamline, ■ On September 22, 2018, flash floods municipalities. and improve Djibouti’s existing Civil resulted from torrential rains, and Protection Disaster Emergency Plan almost one-third of the average to improve interagency coordination annual precipitation fell in roughly in future disaster responses.

Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 31

In Focus Taking stock of challenges and opportunities for urban resilience in MNA: lessons from Beirut

Results in Numbers

49 high-level municipal and national representatives from 13 countries across the MNA region at the MNA Regional Urban Resilience Conference (Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Tunisia, West Bank-Gaza, and Yemen) Delegates at the Middle East and NorthDelegates at the Middle East Africa (MNA) Regional Bank. Photo: World Conference. Urban Resilience

eirut, Lebanon’s capital and home to more than a has been building on the information and risks identified third of the country’s citizens, is vulnerable to many thus far to conduct detailed micro-level hazard assessments. natural hazards, including earthquakes, drought, Seismic, tsunami, and coastal and urban flooding risks flooding, and tsunamis. This exposure is further are now being assessed to inform Beirut’s long-term Bexacerbated by the impacts of climate change and the city’s development plan. continuously growing population. To share lessons learned from its Comprehensive Urban Recognizing the importance of addressing these challenges, Resilience Master Plan, and to glean critical resilience the Municipality of Beirut worked with GFDRR and the insights from its peers in the region, the Municipality of World Bank to develop the Comprehensive Urban Resilience Beirut organized the first Middle East and North Africa Master Plan for Beirut. The plan provides a road map for a (MNA) Regional Urban Resilience Conference in April resilient Beirut, and serves as a platform for securing both 2019. Supported by GFDRR, the World Bank, and the private and public investments to tackle the city’s resilience 100 Resilient Cities program, the conference provided an needs. invaluable opportunity for 49 high-level municipal and Informed by a comprehensive analysis of the city’s national representatives from 13 countries across MNA, vulnerabilities and by inputs from a wide range of public, and resilience experts from beyond the region, to exchange private, and nongovernmental stakeholders, the plan perspectives and discuss solutions on how to chart a more identified three priority areas for action: enhancing risk resilient future for cities in the MNA region. governance across the entire resilience cycle; reducing The conference concluded with a communique which the risks posed by a multitude of shocks and stresses; and distilled participants’ shared understanding of urban bolstering preparedness for major disasters by developing resilience challenges, as well as practical recommendations early warning systems and comprehensive plans for for tackling these challenges. These recommendations response and recovery. offer a foundation for promoting and advancing the urban As part of the initiative’s second phase, the Municipality of resilience agenda regionally, and evaluating progress in the Beirut, with support from the Facility and the World Bank, discipline as it matures.

“The MNA Regional Urban Resilience Conference is the first of its kind in the region and will become, in its successive editions, an important platform for exchanging experiences and presenting successful international practices to build resilient societies capable of meeting the challenges of development and climate change.” —H.E. Ms. Raya El Hassan, Minister of Interior and Municipalities, Lebanon 32 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

South Asia

Active $28.3M South Asia (SA) is prone to a committments range of seismic and hydromet 39 hazards. Bangladesh, Nepal, New funding $7.4M Active and Sri Lanka are in the top 10 grants vulnerable countries to climate 15 New change. In India alone, FY19 saw devastating floods in Kerala and the landfall of tropical Some highlights of work in the of common interests, promote Cyclone Fani in Odisha state. region include: knowledge exchange, and foster The impacts of disasters are innovation in hydromet, early ■ Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, and amplified by the region’s rapidly warning, and climate services. The Sri Lanka all implemented measures growing cities, but progress forum establishes an important to build capacity in utilities’ is being made as countries milestone of closer collaboration inventory management and to comply and communities continue to among countries in the region, with seismic building standards, invest in pre-disaster planning. following design and preparation particularly given the political GFDRR, for its part, is providing in FY18. Bangladesh developed a economy and the fact that it is the technical assistance to modernize guideline for Green and Resilient least integrated region globally. hydromet systems, develop urban Special Economic Zones (SEZs) disaster risk management plans, ■ Sri Lanka and India are that will highlight ways to improve plan and implement resilient strengthening social protection the use of natural resources, scale reconstruction, support recovery systems through capacity building up competitiveness, and improve planning, and introduce adaptive and analysis. India is supporting the resilience to natural disasters and social protection solutions. integration of disaster assistance into the impacts of climate change. the country’s safety nets, particularly ■ In Bangladesh and Bhutan, in coastal regions like Odisha and South Asia’s urban population grew by investments in capacity development Andhra Pradesh. Not only India and 130 million between 2001 and 2011 have been critical for the preparation Sri Lanka, but many countries in the and is poised to rise by almost 250 of IDA-funded investment operations, region, such as Maldives, Nepal, and million by 2030.8 This rapid growth such as the $3.8 million Hydromet Pakistan, continue to express strong presents multiple challenges, including Service and Disaster Resilience interest in exploring opportunities pressure on critical infrastructure, an Regional Project. Building and developing strategies in disaster increase in multidimensional poverty, coastal resilience, strengthening risk finance and structuring disaster and lower capacity to cope with shocks. climate information systems, and responsive safety net systems to In FY19, technical assistance grants modernizing hydrometeorological increase the resilience of poor enabled countries and municipal systems have been the key elements and vulnerable households. Many authorities to assess vulnerabilities of of technical engagements in the countries are developing national critical infrastructure systems and to region. social safety net systems, although better target, design, and finance the ■ In September 2018, the first South investments in these are lower at preparation and implementation of Asia Hydromet Forum, held in 0.9 percent of GDP compared with urban resilience programs. Geneva in partnership with the World the global average of 1.5 percent. Meteorological Organization, brought By investing in preparedness and together key stakeholders such as greater flexibility and scalability of heads of national meteorological the programs, safety nets can be 8 World Bank: Leveraging Urbanization in South Asia: Managing Spatial Transformation for agencies from eight South Asian very efficient to transfer resources to Prosperity and Livability (2016) countries to build on linkages disaster-affected people. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 33

In Focus Improving risk data for urban resilience in Colombo, Sri Lanka

Results in Numbers

175 risk data sets made available, including hazard information layers and exposure data layers

uilt on a low-lying river estuary overlooking the sea, RiskInfo, which was initially developed in partnership with Sri Lanka’s capital of Colombo is highly vulnerable the Open Data for Resilience Initiative (OpenDRI). Since it to the risk of flooding, threatening the lives and was first piloted in 2012, RiskInfo has become a one-stop livelihoods of over 5 million people who call the shop for collecting and sharing hazard, exposure, and risk Bcity and wider metropolitan area home. Changing weather data in Sri Lanka. RiskInfo now includes nationwide impact patterns combined with haphazard land use are intensifying maps for floods, landslides, and droughts from over the past this risk. In recent years, flash floods have occurred in three decades, and is available in GIS-compatible formats Colombo with worrying frequency, even before the onset of that can be used by relevant government agencies for their the monsoon season. resilient planning efforts.

In response to these challenges, the Sri Lankan government In conjunction with initiatives to expand the government’s has embarked on a highly ambitious urban resilience repository of risk data, GFDRR has also worked to agenda for the Colombo Megapolis Region. Under the strengthen the capacity of key development planners from Japan–World Bank Program for Mainstreaming DRM, and various sectors to develop sector plans informed by disaster with the support of GFDRR, task teams are working with the risk information. In FY19 alone, over 24 technical officers government to collect, share, and analyze risk data that will received training on mapping disaster exposure and using be key to moving this agenda forward. the maps for sector-specific development plans. Because of the significant uncertainty about the exposure of the Colombo Megapolis Region’s assets to disaster, a To ensure the long-term sustainability of its efforts, the top priority has been the development of a region-wide Facility is striving to align its activities with the Sri Lanka geo-database of exposed assets. Drawing on extensive National Spatial Data Infrastructure (SL-NSDI), the national stakeholder consultations, a first version of this geo- government’s program for optimizing the development database, the Metro Colombo Spatial Data Platform (MCSDP), and sharing of geospatial data across public agencies and has been developed. Once completed, the platform will be a institutions. key tool in the government of Sri Lanka’s efforts to integrate GFDRR support has also informed the World Bank’s recently disaster risk into infrastructure planning. approved $310 million loan to improve weather forecasting The Facility has also supported efforts to strengthen the and early warning systems in priority river basins, and to Sri Lanka government’s national risk data platform called reduce flood risks in the Colombo’s lower Kelani basin.

“RiskInfo transformed the sharing of disaster-related spatial data among different agencies. Earlier, these data were scattered among many agencies and not accessible at one place online. This platform will encourage people to use hazard and exposure data in planning and designing of development investments to make them more resilient to natural hazards.” —Srimal Samansiri, Assistant Director—Research and Development, at Sri Lanka’s Disaster Management Center. 34 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

FY19 PORTFOLIO AND GUATEMALA ROMANIA UZBEKISTAN LEVERAGED FINANCE TURKEY AFGHANISTAN

GFDRR’s FY19 portfolio of nearly 370 grants covered over 140 HONDURAS countries. Many of these grants leveraged additional finance, ARMENIA MONGOLIA helping to bring resilience to scale. This map illustrates MOLDOVA GEORGIA TAJIKISTAN PAKISTAN NEPAL NICARAGUA SERBIA KYRGYZ BHUTAN GFDRR’s FY19 in-country and regional grant activities and the JAMAICA REPUBLIC CHINA $7.6 billion in leveraging they have helped inform, enable, or BOSNIA AND PANAMA BELARUS co-finance. For more information on leveraging through the HAITI HERZEGOVINA MYANMAR FY19 portfolio, see page 98.

DOMINICAN BULGARIA REPUBLIC LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ALBANIA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CABO FY19 APPROVED VERDE LEVERAGED FINANCE GRANT AMOUNT Million $ LEBANON IRAQ PHILIPPINES (dark circles) (light circles) DOMINICA TUNISIA MOROCCO MEXICO 100k ≤ 10m JORDAN INDIA < MALI NIGER REPUBLIC OF YEMEN VIETNAM KIRIBATI SAINT LUCIA SENEGAL

100-499k 10-35m ETHIOPIA NIGERIA DJIBOUTI BURKINA MARSHALL ST. VINCENT FASO ISLANDS COLOMBIA AND THE CAMEROON 36-89m GRENADINES UGANDA 500-999k COTE DEM. REP. MALDIVES SOLOMON D'IVOIRE OF CONGO SOMALIA CAMBODIA SURINAME ISLANDS INDONESIA TUVALU SEYCHELLES EL SALVADOR REP. OF COMOROS CONGO 90-149m BRAZIL SIERRA 1-1.4m LEONE KENYA

SAMOA BOLIVIA VANUATU COSTA PERU RICA BOTSWANA 150-299m 1.5-2.9m GHANA

TONGA ECUADOR PARAGUAY RWANDA 300-999m 3-9.9m BURUNDI ARGENTINA URUGUAY BENIN BANGLADESH MADAGASCAR LESOTHO

TANZANIA TOGO > 10m > 1000m ZIMBABWE MALAWI SRI LANKA

MOZAMBIQUE

n CountriesCountries benefitting benefitting from from global global or regional or regional grant grantactivities activities Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 35

FY19 PORTFOLIO AND GUATEMALA ROMANIA UZBEKISTAN LEVERAGED FINANCE TURKEY AFGHANISTAN

GFDRR’s FY19 portfolio of nearly 370 grants covered over 140 HONDURAS countries. Many of these grants leveraged additional finance, ARMENIA MONGOLIA helping to bring resilience to scale. This map illustrates MOLDOVA GEORGIA TAJIKISTAN PAKISTAN NEPAL NICARAGUA SERBIA KYRGYZ BHUTAN GFDRR’s FY19 in-country and regional grant activities and the JAMAICA REPUBLIC CHINA $7.6 billion in leveraging they have helped inform, enable, or BOSNIA AND PANAMA BELARUS co-finance. For more information on leveraging through the HAITI HERZEGOVINA MYANMAR FY19 portfolio, see page 98.

DOMINICAN BULGARIA REPUBLIC LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ALBANIA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CABO FY19 APPROVED VERDE LEVERAGED FINANCE GRANT AMOUNT Million $ LEBANON IRAQ PHILIPPINES (dark circles) (light circles) DOMINICA TUNISIA MOROCCO MEXICO 100k ≤ 10m JORDAN INDIA < MALI NIGER REPUBLIC OF YEMEN VIETNAM KIRIBATI SAINT LUCIA SENEGAL

100-499k 10-35m ETHIOPIA NIGERIA DJIBOUTI BURKINA MARSHALL ST. VINCENT FASO ISLANDS COLOMBIA AND THE CAMEROON 36-89m GRENADINES UGANDA 500-999k COTE DEM. REP. MALDIVES SOLOMON D'IVOIRE OF CONGO SOMALIA CAMBODIA SURINAME ISLANDS INDONESIA TUVALU SEYCHELLES EL SALVADOR REP. OF COMOROS CONGO 90-149m BRAZIL SIERRA 1-1.4m LEONE KENYA

SAMOA BOLIVIA VANUATU COSTA PERU RICA BOTSWANA 150-299m FIJI 1.5-2.9m GHANA

TONGA ECUADOR PARAGUAY RWANDA 300-999m 3-9.9m BURUNDI ARGENTINA URUGUAY BENIN BANGLADESH MADAGASCAR LESOTHO

TANZANIA TOGO > 10m > 1000m ZIMBABWE MALAWI SRI LANKA

MOZAMBIQUE

Countries benefitting from global or regional grant activities

development programs. target thatinformAs such,manyofGFDRR activities interventions larger Core toGFDRR’sprinciples. resilience bring toscale. vision ishelpingcountries capacity, operating aligned its with andawardsgrant resources based oncriteria engagements thathelp financing toin-country strengthen local GFDRR channels Areas ofEngagement 37 Photo: hadynyah. 38 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

GFDRR Labs: Exploring New Solutions to Address Disaster Risk Challenges

By funding By region The growing scale of disaster AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Global risk globally calls for a Number continued commitment to find of grants 36 20 12 21 4 15 42 46% Total 150 new innovative approaches Funding and promote interdisciplinary (USD $ Millions) 43.7 16.7 11.6 11.0 9.7 26.6 thinking. GFDRR Labs tests Total $121.7M 2.5 and applies promising new these technologies in their work, such solutions from across the world Bringing new technologies as the San Francisco Neighborhood to tackle disaster and climate to scale Empowerment Network and the San risks. In FY19, Labs piloted The Challenge Fund program piloted Francisco Department of Emergency new approaches from machine new and innovative approaches to Management. These tours provided learning to design thinking in revolutionize risk financing mechanisms an opportunity for government partnership with researchers, and better target funds to vulnerable counterparts to have access to NGOs, and the private sector. communities. Projects focused on information on the latest innovations the implementation of early-action and for tech companies to better mechanisms into disaster risk financing understand local conditions and Helping local communities instruments in Indonesia, use of big challenges in these countries. drive innovation data and machine learning to optimize parametric risk transfer mechanisms Partnering with community groups in Open tools for informed in the Dominican Republic, and decision making 12 African cities, the Open Cities Africa application to largely untapped risks, initiative took on the task of collecting such as food insecurity in East Africa. GFDRR’s Labs team manages a number data on more than 500,000 buildings. of open source tools to support decision The task of collecting data strengthened GFDRR also stepped up efforts to makers in accessing information on the next generation of African mapping bring machine learning and earth disaster risk, including the Thinkhazard! observation data into the mainstream and technology professionals. platform and the GeoNode. Thinkhazard! of disaster risk management. The team had more than 192,000 users since May The Labs team also explored new developed open-source tools to map 2016 and more than 97,000 users in methods to foster innovation in historical flood extents, deforestation, FY19 alone. The team also contributes response to urban flooding—a persistent and urban growth patterns using free to the global knowledge on learning challenge that hinders economic growth satellite imagery from NASA and the and best practices in risk assessment and quality of life in cities globally— European Space Agency and applied methodologies. A review of risk assess- through the first Understanding Risk them to support some 35 cities in ment projects funded by GFDRR over Field Lab. Held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, planning resilience actions. A new five years was undertaken to understand in June, this month-long “un-conference” report, Machine Learning for Disaster the emerging challenges and trends. The brought together 150 participants from Risk Management: Using Data to Protect review provided practical recommenda- People Across the Globe, published in 20 Asian countries to prototype new tions for conducting risk assessments March, aims to promote the responsible solutions to address urban floods: from that will inform future activities. use of machine learning technologies. participatory mapping techniques to 3D FY19 marked the launch of the #VizRisk drone imagery. The team organized two study tours Challenge, a partnership with Mapbox to Silicon Valley for government and the Data Visualization Society The team continues to support spin-off delegations from Bangladesh, which explores the use of maps in Understanding Risk events across the Colombia, India, Romania, and creating narratives about disaster world, with events held in Barbados, Tanzania to showcase the latest risk, with 250 participants from 60 Serbia, Tanzania, and Vanuatu in FY19, innovations in mapping, social countries. Participants used the latest and manages the online Understanding media, drones, 3D printing, and in mapping software and narrative Risk community, which has grown to artificial intelligence. Delegates techniques to build compelling 9,000 members. visited Google, Facebook, Stanford examples of how a detailed and visual University, Mapbox, and Planet, as understanding of risk can save lives and well as local organizations that use livelihoods in the aftermath of disaster. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 39

In Focus Open data for urban resilience and disaster risk management in Africa

Results in Numbers

Attributed data for more than 500,000 buildings Mapped over 30,000 kilometers of road Trained over 500 people in digital cartography Captured hundreds of square kilometers of drone imagery Africa of Aziz Drone Service. Kountche. Photo: Courtesy

cross Africa, urbanization is growing at an the ranks of Open Cities Africa teams, this serves as an unprecedented rate. Urban populations are invaluable opportunity to hone tangible skills that they can expected to double in the next 20 years, with some leverage in the growing geospatial technologies job market. of the continent’s largest cities now growing as fast Through its commitment to nurture a vibrant community Aas 4 percent each year. Lacking vital information on who, of practice for geospatial data practitioners across Africa, what, and where is at risk, urban planners and community the initiative is laying the foundation for local citizens to leaders often struggle to manage urban growth in a way that sustain these efforts for the long haul. One example is the fosters resilience to natural hazards and climate change. Pointe-Noire OpenStreetMap community in the Democratic Open Cities Africa supports locally led efforts in 12 Sub- Republic of Congo that went from zero local contributors Saharan African cities to systematically gather and share in 2018 to over 50 mappers half a year later, all eager to critical risk data. Led by the GFDRR Labs, the initiative continue the effort. connects local community members with geospatial experts Governments, civil society, and the private sector are and enthusiasts, catalyzing partnerships that have collected turning to the data in their efforts to address Africa’s most risk data in several of Africa’s most disaster-prone areas, pressing resilience challenges. In Tanzania, for instance, and subsequently making the data open and accessible the local Red Cross is using real-time flood data to respond through a range of user-centered platforms, from web more effectively to flooding. In Liberia, the Monrovia City applications like OpenStreetMap to paper atlases. Council is now using Open Cities Africa maps to identify Using innovative approaches such as drone imagery capture garbage collection points, thus strengthening its waste and open source community mapping techniques, Open Cities management practices. Meanwhile, in Ngaoundéré, Africa teams have collected data on more than half a million Cameroon, community groups are utilizing paper atlases, buildings, mapped over 30,000 kilometers of roads, and also developed as part of this initiative to facilitate risk captured hundreds of square kilometers of drone imagery. reduction efforts at the local level. The Open Cities Africa program is supported by Africa Disaster Risk Financing In conjunction with these efforts, 500 people have been Initiative. trained in digital cartography. For young people among

“Nothing can be done without the right information or the right data. The Africa of tomorrow is data.”

—Gisèle Yela Hortense, in Charge of the Local Development Project, DURQuaP 40 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Promoting Resilient Infrastructure

By funding By region Infrastructure that is planned and AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Global designed without considering Number disaster risks is a major threat of grants 22 39 26 35 11 20 47 Total 200 to life and assets and can delay46% Funding recovery and have economic (USD $ Millions) 9.6 26.8 14.1 17.6 15.7 33.6 impacts. Disaster risks can Total $122.4M 5.1 worsen if the maintenance and the operation of existing The program initiated a global study activities in case of disasters. infrastructure are inadequate. to identify the number of schools and Without contingency plans, students at risk, and investments needed Mainstreaming DRM in the disasters can disrupt the to address the problem of school safety. water sector continuity of public services Global estimates indicate there are 1.6 and critical utilities, increasing billion students, 124 million teachers, In FY19, the Resilient Water Partnership societal and economic impacts and 6.6 million schools. With many Program was launched to mainstream (see Lifelines report pg. 67). being at direct risk, it is estimated DRM in Water Supply and Sanitation GFDRR’s Resilient Infrastructure that the education sector may face on (WSS) systems, and in hydraulic program is mainstreaming average 2,500 fatalities and $3–4 billion infrastructure such as dams. In FY19, disaster risk management (DRM) in economic losses annually due to a total of $1.4 million was provided across multiple infrastructure earthquake and tropical cyclone events. to Bangladesh, Colombia, Indonesia, sectors—from schools to transportation, water, and Botswana, Mozambique, Uzbekistan, energy—promoting resilient Scaling up the Resilient and Vietnam to integrate resilience infrastructure through knowledge Transport Program measures in water projects. For and analytics and technical In FY18, the first phase of the Resilient example, the Participatory Gender assistance. Transport Program provided support to Vulnerability Assessment was Argentina, Brazil, Central Asia, Haiti, completed to assess the impacts of Mongolia, the Philippines, and Vietnam flooding and malfunction of WSS Protecting children through to improve resilience across the life systems on vulnerable populations in safer schools cycle of infrastructure investments. In Bangladesh, especially for women. FY19, these country engagements were In FY19, the Global Program for Safer Under the Resilient Water Partnership enhanced to incorporate innovative Schools developed global knowledge Program, technical support was products and expanded in-country solutions, such as quantifying the provided to Lao PDR, India, the activities in 15 countries—Benin, Cabo growing climate risks on transport Philippines, and Sri Lanka to increase Verde, Colombia, the Dominican networks with geographic information system (GIS)-enabled web visualization the resilience of critical hydraulic Republic, El Salvador, Jamaica, Malawi, tools. infrastructure to natural disasters and Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Samoa, improve the safety of communities Tonga, Vanuatu, and in Europe and GFDRR also began supporting Small downstream. Given the high in Central Asia, including the Kyrgyz Island Developing States (SIDS) in hydrological and seismic risks of the Republic and Uzbekistan. the development of strategies and project areas, activities are developing transition plans for strengthening the comprehensive risk assessment During this period, the Global Library of resilience of transport asset management frameworks and probability failure School Infrastructure (GLoSI) taxonomy systems in Cabo Verde, Saint Vincent, was expanded to include data about the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. models to protect nearly 30 million school infrastructure covering over This technical assistance will focus on beneficiaries. Approved in FY19, grant 57,000 schools and 8 million students in enhancing resilience across all forms support is informing $538 million in El Salvador, Nepal, Peru, and the Kyrgyz of transport infrastructure, and will World Bank IBRD/IDA investments, Republic. GLoSI will provide increased expand technical assistance for roads, including the perpetration of a new access to knowledge and tools for aviation, marine transport, railways, and $167 million operation for enhancing governments to conduct risk analytics and intermodal connectivity, which is critical integrated watershed and water design risk reduction solutions at scale. for logistics and emergency response resource management in Sri Lanka.

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In Focus Managing transport assets for resilience in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Results in Numbers

Mapped 1,100 kilometers of all paved streets and collected 340,000 street-view images The panoramic view of the entire city of Ulaanbaatar. panoramic view of the entire cityThe of Ulaanbaatar. Photo: jaturunp.

laanbaatar, Mongolia, is a dynamic urban center in condition of these assets, and maintain them and invest one of the least densely populated countries in the accordingly. world. The city has seen marked population growth over the past decade, buoyed by a steady stream As a first step, this initiative piloted a crowdsourced Uof internal migrants who are drawn to the opportunities of mapping campaign, which mobilized residents of living and working in the country’s political, financial, and Ulaanbaatar to take street-view images of their city. economic hub. Since 2010, over 125,000 people have arrived Combined with the efforts of hired drivers, the public in Ulaanbaatar, bringing its total population to 1.4 million. campaign mapped all 1,100 kilometers of paved streets in Ulaanbaatar and collected 340,000 street-view images. A linchpin of the city’s economic development, Ulaanbaatar’s transport system is facing increasing stress Following the mapping campaign, a technical team is from its rising population, which is likely to be exacerbated partnering with a consulting firm to build a tool to automate by the impacts of climate change. Despite improvements in the process of classifying the conditions of these transport recent years, its transport infrastructure still faces major assets using street-view images. The city will be able to use challenges in access and connectivity, including in its the tool in the future to update the conditions of assets in underdeveloped road network. the inventory with transparency and little cost.

Both the central government of Mongolia and the In conjunction with this work, the technical team is also Municipality of Ulaanbaatar strongly recognize the helping the municipality develop its first-ever transport importance of bolstering the long-term resilience of the asset management plan for climate resilience. This plan, of city's transport infrastructure. GFDRR is supporting the which a first draft has been completed, will help municipal municipality in building the city’s first-ever comprehensive authorities optimize the use of financial resources in the inventory of transport assets, such as roads, traffic maintenance and repairs of their transport assets, thus signals and signs, pedestrian facilities, and bridges. minimizing risks and losses in the transport sector from This inventory will help officials track the location and climate-related disasters.

“In recent years, the Municipality of Ulaanbaatar has initiated and implemented a number of transport infrastructure investment projects. With the harsh climatic conditions and increasing frequency of climate-related disasters, the existing infrastructure is prone to rapid degradation. The World Bank support in this regard is timely and will benefit both public officials managing the city’s transport assets and residents who rely on them daily.” —J. Togtokhbayar, Director of the Road Development Authority of Ulaanbaatar. 42 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Scaling Up Engagements for the Resilience of Cities

By funding By region Rapid urbanization is AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Global transforming the planet and Number the way we live: 3 million of grants 16 19 15 26 8 6 32 28% Total 122 people move into cities every Funding week, and by 2050, urban (USD $ Millions) 7.8 16.1 6.3 12.8 23.2 areas are projected to add an Total $73.9M 3.8 4.0 additional 2.5 billion residents. The greater concentration of the design of the pipeline IDA-funded City Resilience Program (CRP) people and assets can amplify South Tarawa Water Supply Project. The City Resilience Program has the impact of disasters and Government officials were trained in engaged with nearly 60 cities in 39 a changing climate. Poorer the use of innovative technologies countries. This includes about a dozen segments of the economy are for urban management. Analysis and new cities that were added in FY19. To often particularly vulnerable, options were applied to evaluate help cities achieve bigger and better inhabiting more hazard-prone the resilience of urban expansion/ investments for a resilient future, the areas and lacking essential settlement developments, helping to CRP has developed two programmatic safety nets to recover from address vulnerability, urbanization, tracks: Planning for Resilience Track economic or environmental and climate adaptation. which helps cities with project design shocks. ■ In the Kyrgyz Republic, government and the Financing for Resilience Track officials are working to promote which focuses on mobilization of funds for investment projects. In FY19 these Investing in urban resilience is key to resilient development in urban two tracks were supported through sustainable development and poverty areas. Technical assistance funded special CRP events that created a reduction but the lack of financial and by GFDRR has contributed to platform for building partnerships and technical resources could hold cities increased government awareness and crowding in the private sector. back from pursuing a resilient future. knowledge of resilience principles The global need for urban infrastructure in the areas of water management, investment amounts to over $4.5 seismic reduction in schools, and Building Regulation for trillion per year, of which an estimated urban planning. Recently, a spatial Resilience (BRR) premium of 9–27 percent is required to and regional analysis was completed In FY19, the BRR Program conducted make this infrastructure low carbon and to establish a regional development localized and calibrated Building climate resilient.9 framework for mainstreaming Regulatory Capacity Assessments in resilience. India, Kenya, Malawi, the Maldives, As of FY19, 31 percent of GFDRR’s Sri Lanka, and Zanzibar, many of which active core program grants contributed ■ A new grant in China is integrating informed ongoing or new World Bank to scaling up urban resilience. These disaster risk management (DRM) DRM and urban lending operations covered 230 cities across 80 countries into the World Bank’s urban portfolio to promote the effective building of and included capacity building, by enhancing the capacity of cities regulatory frameworks. An assessment improved resilience of urban services, and related entities to manage in Malawi supported in-depth policy flood risk reduction, coastal resilience, climate and disaster risks. The and regulatory dialogues on the and emergency preparedness activities. grant has leveraged $4 billion in building code and is informing long- financing through 16 new, ongoing, term implementation activities through Some highlights of the work in and pipeline World Bank investment the Malawi Flood Protection Project FY19 include: projects focused on China’s urban and IDA Development Policy Loan areas. All leveraged projects plan with Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown. ■ In Kiribati, an ongoing grant is to adopt three or more disaster supporting climate resilience In Jamaica, BRR published a study risk reduction and recovery of informal builders to support the activities in dense urban settlements principles into their activities and Jamaican vocational training system in in low-lying atolls and helping inform promote resilient infrastructure and developing effective training strategies 9 GFDRR: Investing in Urban Resilience Report governance for risk-based planning for builders currently operating in the (2016). and management. unregulated construction sector.

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In Focus Understanding and tackling disaster risks in Central American municipalities

Results in Numbers

Nearly 1,000 people trained on risk assessments and methodologies Guatemala City. Photo: World Bank. Photo: World Guatemala City.

ell above half of Central America’s people of government. In Guatemala, the pilot study of landslide now reside in urban areas, and that figure is hazards in Guatemala City is beginning to inform land use projected to rise to 7 out of 10 people within and risk reduction planning by the Mancomunidad del Sur, a generation. This rapid process of often an association of six municipalities. At the same time, Wunplanned urbanization, compounded by the impacts of the pilot study has also helped cast the spotlight on the climate change, is leaving more people and assets exposed importance of understanding risk at the municipal level, and vulnerable to natural hazards. informing ongoing discussions around proposed reforms to the country’s disaster risk management law. Funded through the Japan–World Bank Program for Mainstreaming DRM, assistance for national and local Technical assistance and training activities are also authorities to strengthen resilience at the municipal level is helping national and local leaders improve risk assessment underway in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and and territorial planning, and to make better use of the Panama. These efforts include development of disaster risk information collected in order to advance municipal management frameworks and draw upon the Central America resilience. Nearly 1,000 officials and other key stakeholders Urbanization Review, which provided a comprehensive from the private sector and civil society have participated in assessment of country-level strategies and priorities. training activities on risk assessments and methodologies. National and local authorities across the region are In both Honduras and Guatemala, these activities have increasingly taking action toward assessing and proved critical to ongoing efforts to institutionalize understanding disaster risks. Examples include a pilot study minimum standards for assessing local risks at the of landslide hazards in metropolitan Guatemala City and a municipal level. flooding risk analysis of the Tocumen River watershed in GFDRR funding for this initiative has informed the Panama. In Honduras’s Sulla Valley, municipal authorities following World Bank lending operations: an IBRD-funded are undertaking a risk analysis which considers the hazards Disaster Risk Management Development Policy Loan that affect indigenous populations, an approach which could with a Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option (Cat DDO) be replicated elsewhere in the region. for Guatemala, the IDA-funded Honduras Disaster Risk The development of municipal risk information is driving Management Project, and the IBRD-funded Panama City policy planning and dialogue for resilience at every level Waterfront Redevelopment and Resilience Program. 44 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Strengthening Hydromet Services and Early Warning Systems

By funding By region From record heat, wildfires, and AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Global rainfall in South America and Number to extreme cold in of grants 20 18 14 6 3 11 19 32% Total 91 North America, heavy snowfall Funding in the Alps and Himalayas and (USD $ Millions) 25.0 14.7 15.6 8.1 15.9 from the warmest winter to the Total $83.7M 2.9 1.6 wettest summer, 2019 has been a year of extremes. Natural Warning Systems (CREWS) initiative how the PPE could be structured to disasters have become a part of by managing the program on behalf of increase countries’ ability to provide life for millions of people who the Bank, as well as providing technical weather services. The report, called The need adequate, accurate, and inputs to the projects in the Democratic Power of Partnership: Public and private timely weather information and Republic of Congo, Mali, Niger, and the engagement in hydromet services, will early warning systems to help Caribbean region. In FY19, $10 million be released in FY20. In FY19, GFDRR them make informed decisions of CREWS became available for three also launched a flagship publication to protect lives and livelihoods. new operations—Afghanistan, Chad, and called Weathering the Change: How Closing the capacity gap Togo—led by the World Bank. to Improve Hydromet Services in between the hydromet services Developing Countries, which built on of developed and developing Extending services through the accumulated experience on how nations remains one of the main new partnerships and vision to modernize hydromet in low- and objectives of the hydromet In addition to building fundamental middle-income countries. It analyzes program and activities of the technical capacity in countries through all phases of the value chain involved in World Bank in collaboration World Bank hydromet operations, GFDRR the production and delivery of hydromet with other partners, including has been instrumental in forming new services, and provides insights into how the World Meteorological partnerships with the public and private to improve the skill, efficiency, and cost- Organization (WMO). sectors and with academia within the effectiveness of national meteorological Global Weather Enterprise (GWE). The and hydrological services (NMHSs). The report explores new ways to build Growing and modernizing the Facility supported the work of the GWE Forum, an informal consultative body modern and efficient hydromet services hydromet portfolio that includes representatives from that provide timely and adequate GFDRR continues to support the public, private, and academic sectors, service to users. It was presented at hydromet program of the World Bank, focusing on topics like operational various international events and was which has grown by about $100 sustainability of national meteorological complemented by a tailored learning million in FY19, by providing technical services, as well as data access and course for technical teams working on expertise for project preparation and management. the hydromet operations. implementation, as well as financial Through a grant, GFDRR supported a support. One of the first-ever multi- In April 2019, GFDRR also facilitated the pilot in Myanmar, where the Department phase programs was approved in Sri development of an Action Plan with the of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) Lanka (IBRD-funded Climate Resilience WMO and the World Bank to scale up worked together with a private company Multi-Phase Programmatic Approach) and streamline collaboration between to learn how to use new tools to improve which contains a hydromet component the two institutions. Key activities for the the quality and visualization of DMH’s of $50 million and is focused on building upcoming year are better coordination services to better address the needs of the capacity of multiple government of activities in countries; greater use of users. The results of the pilot have been stakeholders to provide an impact-based the WMO technical expertise in the World positive and helped identify next steps forecast of high-impact weather, floods, Bank operations; and a more strategic for the public-private engagement. and landslides. To help countries build approach to the modernization process robust early warning systems to address This and other work on the public and of NMHSs, supported by development climate risks, GFDRR is also actively private engagement (PPE) in hydromet of clear benchmarks, roadmaps, and engaged in the Climate Risk & Early services inspired the Facility to research strategies.

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In Focus Improving hydromet services in Moldova

Results in Numbers

53 percent: percentage of key users fully satisfied with the hydromet information provided by the Moldova State Hydrometeorological Service (SHS) Source: Zoï Environment Network Training of radar specialists and forecasters from the State and forecasters of radar specialists Training Service Source:Hydrometeorological of Moldova Enterprise R. Keene, (EEC), 2018. Electronics Corporation

landlocked country in Eastern Europe, Moldova comprehensive national framework and action plan on is exposed to a myriad of natural hazards. Since weather and climate services, which was developed with 2008, floods and droughts alone have caused $1.2 the input of a wide array of providers and users from both billion in damage to the country’s economy. An the public and private sector. Aoutsized portion of Moldova’s population are dependent Building on long-standing support for strengthening on agriculture for their livelihoods, making them highly Moldova’s hydromet observation infrastructure, including vulnerable to weather-related hazards. the installation of a modern Doppler weather radar at the As Moldova braces for the impacts of climate change, timely Chisinau International Airport, GFDRR recently worked and accurate weather information will be critical toward with SHS to implement improved verification and quality its efforts to prepare for and respond to the country’s management systems. The promotion of transboundary intensifying disaster risk. Against this backdrop, GFDRR has cooperation with Romania, including through twinning been working with the Moldova State Hydrometeorological arrangements which facilitate knowledge sharing, has been Service (SHS) to improve the delivery of hydrological and key in these efforts. meteorological (hydromet) services across the country. SHS is now better positioned to forecast severe weather A key focus of our most recent initiatives has been making and monitor its forecasting performance. It can also more hydromet services more relevant and responsive through reliably ensure that its products and services meet user the establishment of regular, multi-sectoral exchanges demand and legal and regulatory requirements. According between information providers, led by SHS, and users of to a recent survey by the Zoï Environment Network, hydromet information. Following national consultation 53 percent of key users are now fully satisfied with the workshops, the government of Moldova’s efforts to weather and climate information from SHS, which is a modernize its hydromet systems are now informed by a considerable improvement from years before.

“GFDRR’s support has allowed us to improve our service delivery and engagement with users, while also strengthening our technical capacities and working relationships with peers in Romania and beyond. The technical assistance was not only well-designed, but also integrated the most recent advances from the global hydrometeorological community.” —Dr. Violeta Balan, Acting Director, State Hydrometeorological Service 46 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Deepening Financial Protection

By funding By region Natural disasters inflict an AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Global average of $165 billion in Number financial losses worldwide each of grants 13 11 9 10 2 5 27 29% Total 77 year, far exceeding available Funding development funds. Country (USD $ Millions) 23.3 12.7 6.5 5.7 23.8 demand for climate and disaster Total $75.9M 0.9 3.1 risk financing solutions has The nature of this technical work has implementation of financial solutions, evolved over the last few years, varied across countries, depending which can be technically complex, and now ranges from requests on geographic and economic particularly when countries first embark for developing financial vulnerabilities. In middle-income on a process to develop them. protection strategies to countries such as the Philippines, To address these challenges and implementing these strategies. where the notion of financial protection continue to move the financial FY19 saw a dramatic shift in the has matured with years of investment by protection agenda forward in way in which GFDRR responds government and development partners, countries where there is demand to these demands as scaled up the focus has been on sophisticated for these solutions, the Global Risk support from partners allowed actuarial analyses that have increased Financing Facility (GRiF)—a multi- the program to move beyond government understanding on the donor trust fund housed at GFDRR and stand-alone technical assistance country’s exposure to natural disasters implemented by DRFIP—was launched focused on generating dialogue at the national and subnational levels. last year. The primary objective of on this topic and building This work has in turn informed the this program is to respond to requests capacity, to larger investments design and development of a variety of from countries to move beyond the in structured financial solutions financial solutions in which the country design and development of strategies for vulnerable countries. is investing, including the placement to the tangible implementation of of a pilot subnational insurance these solutions by providing the seed transaction, where $206 million of Over the last decade, resources from funding necessary to put actual financial insurance coverage against typhoon GFDRR have played an important role in instruments in place. This program and earthquake risk was placed on the initiating dialogue on the importance of directly co-finances the World Bank international reinsurance market a few prearranging financial solutions through Group’s IDA and IBRD projects, with years ago. a variety of different programs.10 In grants to countries that range in the collaboration with the World Bank’s In lower-income countries, progress amount of $5–$25 million to support Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance has been made on generating interest development of financial solutions. Program (DRFIP), this has required on the topic, and includes the design of To ensure robust technical design and working alongside countries to develop risk-financing strategies and upstream implementation support of instruments, the analytics and tools needed for a analytics for monitoring hazards. In the program also makes up to $4 million stronger understanding of contingent Africa alone, six countries—Benin, available for technical assistance that liabilities. It has also required support Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, links directly to a financial solution for developing strategies that outline and Senegal—are either currently being prepared by a country through the what countries can do to better plan developing or already have fully larger development operation.11 their finances for smaller disaster events developed strategies. At the same The topic of financial protection that they experience periodically, as time, the uptake on developing actual continues to gain momentum as a result well as less frequent larger events that, financial solutions has been low for two of the increasing awareness of the need although less frequent, tend to impose main reasons: (i) a lack of financing for early finance that can support early higher financial impacts on economies for solutions such as reserve funds/ action, which can lower the devastating and on people. contingency budgets, contingent costs that disasters impose on lives, credit lines, parametric insurance livelihoods, and economies. schemes, catastrophe bonds, and so on, which require a significant upfront 10 More information on EU-funded programs commitment of funds; and (ii) low is available in the section on Financing 11 More information on the program is available Windows. technical capacity for design and in the section on Special Programs.

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In Focus Supporting the scale-up of post-disaster, social safety nets

Results in Numbers

Analysis of macro fiscal impacts for post-disaster social safety nets in 7 countries Children from Samburu tribe, Kenya, Africa.Children from Samburu tribe, Photo: hadynyah. Kenya,

ncreasing recognition is seen across the globe about the as contingency funds, sovereign insurance, post-disaster importance of social safety net systems in strengthening budget reallocation, and external donor support—to the resilience of all people. In nearly a dozen countries determine the optimal financing mix. in Africa, and East Asia and the Pacific, GFDRR works Iwith governments so that they can make more informed Recognizing that financing post-disaster social safety financing decisions about how to adopt or scale up social nets is a complex and evolving area of work, GFDRR’s safety nets that can respond to the needs of the most engagement also puts a heavy emphasis on gathering and vulnerable in the aftermath of a disaster. sharing practical and relevant knowledge. In Cambodia, Kenya, Malawi, and Sierra Leone, for instance, the Facility GFDRR’s engagement focuses on helping countries navigate has supported the development of comprehensive policy the issues and challenges surrounding the financing of post- notes that consolidate lessons learned from the field. A disaster social safety nets. In seven countries (Eswatini, six-step guide that offers guidance on how to develop Fiji, Lesotho, Kenya, Malawi, Senegal, and Uganda), support shock-responsive safety nets has also been prepared. In from the Facility has made possible the development of addition, an interactive game has been developed that gives macro-level analyses that broadly quantifies the fiscal users hands-on experience in navigating the challenges and impacts of adopting or scaling up post-disaster social safety opportunities of financing a disaster or emergency response nets possible. These analyses are already informing ongoing dialogue on post-disaster social protection in each of these through a safety net. countries. Financing issues and challenges are only one piece of the In Kenya, the government is now using analytical tools puzzle for governments striving to leverage social safety that are helping decision makers assess the trade-offs nets for resilience. These efforts are designed to complement between various options to finance the costs of safety net country-led initiatives, undertaken with World Bank support, response. Under the umbrella of the country’s flagship which advance other critical building blocks for developing Hunger Safety Net Programme, a tailored assessment post-disaster safety nets such as the appropriate targeting tool is now being used by the national government to and delivery of social protection systems. These initiatives determine the optimal financing instruments for scaling include the Kenya Social and Economic Inclusion Project up post-disaster social protection in northern Kenya. (KSEIP) and the National Safety Net Project in Sierra Leone, This tool analyzes multiple financing instruments—such both of which are funded by IDA. 48 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Building Social Resilience

By funding By region Poor communities and groups AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Global that are socially marginalized Number are particularly vulnerable of grants 37 25 9 25 14 35 42% Total 148 3 to the impacts of natural Funding hazards and climate change. (USD $ Millions) 46.4 16.5 13.8 11.0 19.6 GFDRR is working to improve Total $112.0M 3.3 1.4 understanding of the social and will support efforts to help Asuncion is being prepared, which dimensions of risk and the communities understand climate and includes a plan for the coastal strip. drivers of vulnerability to disaster risk and jointly plan to address enhance resilience strengthening In Zimbabwe, the Facility supported identified risks. investments. This involves efforts to enhance citizen engagement promoting socially inclusive In Somalia, a newly funded grant will in local service delivery and disaster processes to mobilize and address multiple risks that vulnerable response. Case studies were developed make visible the expertise of people, particularly women, face in to document citizen-state interactions communities in strengthening internally displaced people (IDP) around water, agriculture, and disaster resilience so that they work camps by improving livelihoods and response, including access to and in partnership with local and economic opportunities. Economic satisfaction with services and channels national authorities. empowerment activities will be a focus for feedback. In addition, a national for strengthening household financial survey of 2,400 households on service stability and minimizing exposure to delivery and citizen engagement Support for social resilience and violence; while the project will also work served as an input to the Joint Needs community-focused activities is core to address underlying gender norms, Assessment for Zimbabwe conducted by to GFDRR’s mandate. Throughout the the World Bank, the African Development dynamics, and behaviors that perpetuate portfolio, 15 percent of core program Bank, and the United Nations. Finally, violence in the home. funding supported activities at the citizen engagement inputs informed the local level, and over 50 percent of core preparation and design of the $72 million program grants report communities as Increasing citizen engagement IDA-funded Zimbabwe Idai Recovery beneficiaries. Additionally, nearly in managing risk Project, which is addressing resilient 40 percent of core program–funded In Asuncion, Paraguay, GFDRR is disaster recovery needs of cyclone- grants contributed to building resilience supporting citizen engagement to build affected people in the country. at the community level. resilience of poor and marginalized In FY19, technical support on social families living in the urban slums of the Empowering communities resilience has influenced a regional Paraguay River floodplain (Bañados). study on community resilience in the at local level For the first time, comprehensive, Pacific, covering Kiribati, Samoa, the In Kenya, GFDRR is supporting efforts to reliable data on flood-affected people Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The strengthen the capacity of four county in the Bañados and temporary shelters objective of the study is to assess and governments to combine locally led are publicly available through a digital compile lessons learned from the design disaster and climate risk management AsuParticipa platform. Additionally, and implementation of community-led into integrated development plans in improved tools for effective community projects incorporating climate and partnership with communities. The grant participation are being developed for disaster resilience in the Pacific. Once is complementing funding for the Kenya management of flooding at the local the study is finalized, it is expected to Accountable Devolution Program (KADP) level. So far, a comprehensive municipal inform future community climate and trust fund, which has introduced a regulation on Consultation and Redress disaster resilience engagements in the County Climate Change Fund mechanism Mechanisms and Resettlement for Pacific and other regions.

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In Focus Building resilience from the bottom up in the Solomon Islands Results in Numbers

Overall, 64,000 people benefited from community-led resilience projects Nearly 70 community-led resilience projects were supported 7 seismic and volcano monitoring stations were supported A household in the Solomon. Photo: World Bank. in the Solomon. Photo: World A household

ocated in the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Solomon Islands In view of the particular needs and vulnerabilities of are highly prone to natural hazards. Each year, the women, the community-level projects put a heavy focus country incurs an average loss of $20 million as a result on ensuring that they have a key role to play in decision of earthquakes and tropical cyclones alone. Ranked making during the project identification and selection Lamong the top 10 countries with the greatest exposure process, as well as during design and implementation. and vulnerability to disaster, the Solomon Islands face the Women are estimated to comprise nearly half of the specter of more severe weather extremes as a result of direct beneficiaries of the project. climate change. Taking a comprehensive approach to community Recognizing the importance of building resilience from the resilience, the Facility is also supporting the national bottom up, GFDRR supports efforts by the government of the and select provincial governments in integrating Solomon Islands and select provincial governments to engage disaster risk management in their policies and practices, with communities in the Pacific Island nation so that they can including at the community level. For instance, this take the lead in managing disaster and climate risks closest engagement has facilitated the development of nearly 80 to home. community-based disaster risk management plans. It has With the support of the ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk also enabled the implementation of a revised national Reduction Program, nearly 70 community-level resilience disaster management plan designed to strengthen the projects are underway across the provinces of Central, governance of this sector at the national, provincial, and Guadalcanal, Malaita, and Temotu. Local communities are at local levels. the helm of these efforts, helping to ensure that results and Further, technical assistance is also being provided to outcomes are sustainable over the long term. strengthen the Solomon Islands’ climate and disaster One example of what has been achieved so far is a risk information. The country’s seismic monitoring community-led effort in the village of Nanggu that has infrastructure has been enhanced significantly, beefing built 15 water standpipes, which provided water to 700 up authorities’ ability to detect seismic activity and residents and strengthened their ability to cope with natural disseminate early warnings to communities. A milestone hazards. Overall, 64,000 people have benefited from the achievement has been the modernization of the Ministry community-level projects, which also include earthquake of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management retrofit strengthening or cyclone strengthening of buildings, and Meteorology (MECDM)’s risk information foundation raising for flood alleviation, safe footbridges, management system, making climate and disaster risk community safe houses, and shoreline protection measures. data much more usable and accessible for end users. 50 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Promoting Resilience to Climate Change

By funding By region Climate-induced disasters are AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Global having a profound impact in Number developing countries—either of grants 50 34 11 27 6 24 31 54% Total 183 via extreme weather events Funding or slow onset effects, such as (USD $ Millions) 58.8 23.3 7.1 11.9 17.1 21.0 rising sea levels and increasing Total $142.5M 3.4 temperatures. GFDRR helps enhancing coastal protection in urban entire country through the $232 million12 countries reduce damages by areas in Africa. Water Services and Institutional increasing their understanding Support Program funded by IDA. They of risks under current and future climate conditions, promoting Supporting a wider range of are also supporting the development innovative solutions to reduce vulnerable sectors of policies to favor a more sustainable these risks, and assisting in development agenda. In Bolivia, GFDRR In the last two years, GFDRR had a steady the planning and design of financed a study on the immediate increase in the number of requests to climate resilient policies and impacts of droughts and floods on investments. support multi-sector and multi-country welfare, assets, and livelihoods of the projects, engage with a wider set of poorest population. This informed actors, and work across silos and existing the $197 million Bolivia Disaster Risk Integrating climate and boundaries to find new solutions and Management Development Policy Loan disaster risks advance practitioner-based knowledge. funded on equal shares by IDA and For example, in Zimbabwe, the Ministry IBRD to strengthen Bolivia’s legal and The Resilience to Climate Change (RCC) of Water Resources and Climate, and the institutional framework for managing initiative was set up in 2014 with funding Ministry of Agriculture, together with disaster and climate risk. from the Swiss Agency for Development the Zimbabwe National Water Authority, and Cooperation Global Program for RCC activities also support the have taken an integrated approach Climate Change (SDC-GPCC). In FY19, generation of new knowledge to inform the RCC initiative came to an end. to strengthening climate resilience in the resilience building activities of However, GFDRR continues to promote rural areas. A Climate Change Program country clients. In the Seychelles, an the integration of climate risks in its and National Water Project is being integrated coastal risk assessment led operations. In FY19, over 90 percent of implemented to improve resilience in to a better understanding of the current newly approved grants included climate watershed management and irrigation and future climate impacts on coastal considerations, a significant increase infrastructure, and to promote climate waste management systems, informing from 77 percent in FY17 and 83 percent smart agriculture to address lower levels the government’s plans for future waste in FY18. of rainfall and increasing temperatures. management activities, and the third phase of the $15.3 million Third South Since inception, the RCC initiative has financed a total of $13.5 million in Influencing World Bank West Indian Ocean Fisheries Governance grants—of which $9.2 million are under operations and Shared Growth Project funded by IBRD Trust Funds. implementation until June 2020. The Many RCC-supported activities are initiative has financed 26 technical still under implementation, but early In FY19, a major contribution of this assistance grants supporting nineteen results indicate that they are leveraging window of the Facility was influencing countries, four regional projects, and additional financing to scale up climate the design of World Bank policy three global projects for a total of $7.5 resilience in a number of ways. They frameworks, such as the second phase million. Further, the RCC Initiative has of the World Bank’s Climate Change financed 65 Just-in-Time (JIT) grants are, for example, supporting investment projects that finance large physical Action Plan 2019–2025, and the World amounting to $3 million, and provided Bank Action Plan on Climate Change an additional $3 million in support for and social infrastructure projects. In Adaptation and Resilience, launched in three global programs: the Small Islands Uzbekistan, RCC helped pilot operational January 2019. States Resilience Initiative (SISRI); the models for water utilities to better Nature-Based Solutions Initiative; and respond to water security issues that 12 Financing includes $8 million from trust CityCORE Africa, a program aimed at have now been scaled up to support the funds.

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In Focus Making transportation climate resilient in Freetown

“I see we are going in the right direction. We need to use more data for decision making. And we need more people locally that can collect and analyze the data to make the decisions.” —Professor Obafemi Davies, Head of Civil Engineering Department, Fourah Bay College Freetown, Sierra Leone. Photo: World Bank. Photo: World Leone. Sierra Freetown,

reetown is a vibrant city of 1 million inhabitants, as the RoadLabPro, were used by local civil engineering contributing to 30 percent of Sierra Leone’s GDP, students to map 4,038 km of formal and informal and located on a hilly peninsula surrounded by transportation systems. Flooded areas and the locations of the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of the world’s most critical road infrastructures, such as drainage and culverts, Fvulnerable cities to the impacts of climate change, with were also mapped. With this information, together with floods and landslides compromising its transport system, climate change projections for rainfall and sea level which is so important for its economic development. rise, researchers at the University of California Berkley During the rainy season, the already inadequate transport developed risk maps for several scenarios and computed services, badly maintained infrastructure, and chronic risk reduction for different road interventions. congestion are exacerbated by floods, which hinder access to jobs, universities, and overall mobility in the city. A Resilient Urban Mobility Hackathon was also organized The public transport services in Freetown are growing in collaboration with the Directorate of Science rapidly—both formally and informally. Lack of data and a Technology and Innovation. More than 110 talented young poor understanding of the vulnerabilities of the transport people mentored by experts gathered for three days to system to climate-related hazards is preventing city produce innovative solutions for challenges related to planners from improving and developing a sound and resilient urban mobility. Winning solutions that will be resilient transport system to meet the growing demand. developed include an app for cashless payment systems for public transport with adapted features for people To address those challenges the government of Sierra Leone, with support from the Facility, worked to gain a with disabilities; a platform that reports on important better understanding of the roads’ vulnerability to floods information for flood mitigation; and a bus routing system and landslides and how climate change would affect with emergency response features. the patterns and characteristics of those events. They This work resulted in the first comprehensive climate collected data on public mobility on formal and informal risk–informed transport map of Freetown and will support transport systems and identified interventions to enhance decision making on everything from infrastructure and the resilience of transport systems. policies to journey planning. It has already informed the To promote the use of innovative approaches for data $50 million Integrated and Resilient Urban Mobility Project collection, the World Bank transport team in Sierra Leone funded by IDA that will address identified challenges. partnered with students from the Fourah Bay College, Because the transport map is also publicly available, several the engineering university in Freetown, and the WBG’s developers across West Africa are building apps to support WhereIsMyTransport initiative. Mobile applications, such decision making and journey planning. 52 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Enabling Resilient Recovery

By funding By region As disasters increase, proactive AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Global planning to prepare for and Number respond to future emergencies, of grants 14 19 7 14 7 5 31 and to lay the groundwork25% for Total 97 Funding resilient recovery has become (USD $ Millions) 17.1 13.9 4.8 5.3 5.0 16.5 more critical. In FY19, efforts Total $65.8M 3.2 focused on the development and distribution of knowledge products to build the capacity of and advisory activities. These focused was designed for Tanzania, which key stakeholders in planning for on supporting the implementation focused on revisiting the experience rapid and resilient recovery, and of an investment planning exercise of the 2014/2016 floods events to on strengthening the capacity and the development of institutional develop recommendations for capacity of vulnerable countries for arrangements, policies, and financing improvements in the country based on emergency preparedness. Of the mechanisms. A total of 120 participants the gaps identified by key stakeholders. active core program grants, 25 from client countries and 105 World percent contributed to enabling Bank staff took part in emergency Coordinating global resilient recovery in Africa. preparedness capacity building activities in FY19, which helped in designing partnerships practical but detailed strategies for The EU, UN, and GFDRR/World Bank Supporting quicker recovery resilience that address issues related continue to closely collaborate to and preparedness for future to decision-making and set in place mobilize partners and resources, and disasters approaches to facilitate timely, adequate, to better harmonize and coordinate effective, and efficient responses in the post-crisis and post-disaster response In FY19, GFDRR trained 304 officials, first hours following a disaster. frameworks. The coordination of including 100 women, on Post Disaster resources for resilient recovery Needs Assessment (PDNA) and Disaster Informing more effective Recovery Framework (DRF) in six among these institutions and in countries. The Facility also provided recovery close consultation with national close to $3.5 million for 23 Just-in-Time In collaboration with UNDP, the governments ensures clear lines of and other grants to help more than European Union, and the International communication and a shared approach 20 countries respond to disasters and Recovery Platform, in FY19 GFDRR during potentially chaotic post- better prepare for future events. This helped to produce a set of recovery disaster periods. In FY19, the World work informed $1.15 billion of World guidance notes outlining good practices Bank, the UN, and the EU marked the Bank investments in recovery during for recovery focusing on social 10-year anniversary of the adoption the year. The Facility also trained 267 protection systems, private sector of a declaration that put standard client country participants and 466 participation, communications, and procedures in place across the three World Bank staff on how to better use the agriculture sector. An initiative institutions for post-crisis response, the Contingent Emergency Response on the nexus between disasters and covering all activities from assessment Component (CERC). This is a new fragility or conflict-affected situations to recovery. In May 2019, more than financing instrument which can be was launched to begin applying disaster 1,000 stakeholders, practitioners, and integrated into Investment Project risk management (DRM) lessons and policy makers came together in Geneva Financing (IPF) in order to ensure that methodologies to fragility, conflict, and for the fourth World Reconstruction funds are available for urgent recovery violence (FCV) settings, especially for Conference (WRC4), to discuss inclusion needs in the aftermath of a disaster post-crisis recovery. In FY19, this new for resilient recovery. The event without the initial need for formal program funded ten proposals from nine coincided with the Global Platform for project restructuring. countries, and results will help to orient Disaster Risk Reduction and was jointly the scaling up of this initiative. Countries were also able to strengthen funded and organized by GFDRR, UNDP, emergency preparedness and response Finally, a new type of DRM workshop, and the European Commission, and systems through technical assistance called a Lessons Learned Exercise, hosted by the UNDRR.

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In Focus Recovery and resilience in Lao PDR The Old Bridge in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR. Photo: holgs. Prabang, Old BridgeThe in Luang

n 2018, Lao PDR suffered its most damaging and costly public sectors were transport and waterways, making floods in a decade. Heavy rains from two tropical up 75 percent of total damages. To provide immediate cyclones resulted in the collapse of a saddle dam in support for recovery and reconstruction, the World Bank Attapeu province, which caused flash floods. Overall, is providing $51 million through project restructuring I64 people lost their lives and more than 600,000 people and special funding from the IDA Crisis Response across the country were affected. The destruction of farms Window for the rehabilitation of roads and embankments. and microenterprises, along with the disruption to social The government allocated approximately $58 million in its services, affected income sources and increased debt levels budget, with specific actions based on the PDNA’s findings. for the 70 percent of households already in debt. Vulnerable In addition, in line with the assessment’s recommendation, communities were particularly affected, especially with the the World Bank is preparing a Development Policy displacement caused by the destruction of almost 1,700 Operation (DPO) with a Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown houses. Option (Cat DDO), which seeks to advance the disaster risk management policy agenda and provide immediate liquidity GFDRR provided a Just-in-Time grant of $100,000 to help in the aftermath of a disaster. identify priority needs following the floods, together with technical support for a government-led Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA). With support from the Facility, teams Overall damage and losses by province (billion kips) from the World Bank, the UN, and EU, worked with civil society organizations to assist the government with the assessment. With close cooperation between the partners, an assessment was completed in less than a month. The PDNA report estimated total damages of $371.5 million, equivalent to 2.1 percent of the country’s projected 2018 GDP, and 10.2 percent of Lao PDR’s annual budget in 2018. Recovery needs were estimated at $520 million, with the highest impacts identified in the transport, agriculture, and waterways sectors. The PDNA highlighted actions for improving gender equality and child protection in the n < 100 recovery process. n 100–150 Since the assessment, the World Bank and the n 150–200 government of Lao PDR have been working to implement n 200–250 recommendations from the PDNA. The two hardest hit n > 300

Source: UNITAR, Lao PDR, October 22, 2018.

of funds,includingthe multi-donor trust fundandspecialprograms. GFDRR isanumbrellatrust fromdifferent fundthatfinances activities sources its Financing Windows 55 Flash floods the dangerous new normal in Bhutan. Photo: World Bank. 56 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Multi-Donor Trust Fund

essential diagnostic work. It also gives convene stakeholders to act. In FY19, The Multi-Donor Trust Fund grants that assist countries in developing it provided financing for knowledge (MDTF) is the primary financing frameworks for resilient recovery and exchange and events, including the window for achieving GFDRR’s in strengthened capacity to manage 4th World Reconstruction Conference mission and for implementing the future events. In FY19, GFDRR funded (WRC4), where over 1,000 practitioners Facility’s strategy. A comingled disaster assessments in 13 countries, gathered to share best practices and pool of funding resources including Mozambique and Rwanda. measure progress against the Sendai from Consultative Group (CG) These activities helped mobilize over Framework. The MDTF also provided members, the MDTF structure $1.5 billion in additional financing for financing for regional events as part of allows for the Facility to flexibly recovery, reconstruction, and resilience. the Understanding Risk Community, such respond to country demand as events held in Barbados, Serbia, to scale disaster and climate Generating and sharing Tanzania, and Vanuatu in FY19. The resilience, and to respond and knowledge; driving solutions MDTF also funds partnership activities recover from disaster events. in resilience with bodies like the Global Weather The MDTF provides funding for Enterprise, an emerging association of in-country engagements across GFDRR continues to invest in generating the public, private, and academic sector all regions and thematic areas. new evidence, tools, and analytics for for more accurate and reliable weather It also supports analytical better decision making around DRM information. work, which continues to build and climate adaptation. The MDTF is the evidence base for building the main source for GFDRR’s analytics Facilitating governance resilience; global dialogue on work, which has helped provide answers activities and measuring emerging themes in hydromet to some of the most pressing questions results and early warning services facing development practitioners. for preparedness; continuous The MDTF funds core Secretariat In FY19, the Facility initiated a program exploration of data science and activities, including those related to innovative solutions for disaster on the nexus between DRM and fragility, governance, monitoring and evaluation risk management (DRM); and conflict, and violence (FCV), bringing (M&E), and knowledge management. efforts to expand social inclusion together experts in both fields to A multiyear effort to revamp its M&E and gender empowerment. help countries better integrate good system has enhanced the capacity to practices. The program has financed monitor portfolio progress, including 10 projects, of which half are in Africa. the development of an evaluation The MDTF is the main vehicle to support In Zimbabwe, an FCV risk framework policy for the Facility in FY19. M&E also is helping to ensure that the ongoing the Facility’s governance structure, tracks portfolio contributions to help cyclone recovery activities contribute partnerships, and program management. developing countries achieve targets to peace and stability. The MDTF has Most grants are for in-country activities and priorities set out within the Sendai also helped GFDRR’s Labs team explore or engagements at the regional level, Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. the application of open-source machine and they also provide funding for global learning and artificial intelligence to public goods. At the end of FY19, the MDTF for future resilience risk assessment. In FY19, the Labs needs MDTF and related single-donor trust team piloted use of new technologies funds had an active portfolio of nearly for the development of risk financing Since FY16, MDTF has financed $94.5 million through 202 grants. mechanisms through a Challenge Fund approximately 49 percent of the Facility’s competition. program. The current fund will be closing Enabling disaster recovery in December 2020, and a new MDTF is and response Shaping partnerships and being established to support continuity advancing the resilience of the program and to be the foundation Drawing on its flexible nature, the MDTF of the financial architecture which often funds rapid response and recovery agenda GFDRR uses to help countries respond activities, such as the completion of The MDTF allows GFDRR to engage to, recover from, and build resilience to post-disaster assessments and other in the global resilience agenda and disaster events.

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In Focus Building a resilient energy sector in Afghanistan

Results in Numbers

Risk projections for Afghan energy sector for up to 100 years A team of specialists supported by GFDRR organized a training course in supported GFDRR organized a training course A team of specialists by Bank. Land Authority the Afghanistan (ARAZI). Photo: World for Kabul

n its drive to achieve broad-based and inclusive sector planning and investments by the Afghan government, development, Afghanistan has been making marked as well as key development partners such as the World Bank progress in ensuring a reliable and sustainable energy and the International Finance Corporation. For example, supply for its citizens. The country is particularly the identification of hazard risk levels in an assessment of Isusceptible to natural hazards like floods, droughts, and planned solar plants and wind farms is helping the Afghan earthquakes, and the national power supply remains highly government to identify the most suitable sites for these vulnerable to disaster risk; in 2015, an earthquake of 7.5 facilities, and to design appropriate climate adaptation and magnitude on the Richter scale caused widespread power risk mitigation measures. outages in the capital of Kabul. A team of specialists supported by GFDRR is providing In partnership with the Afghan government, including the technical assistance to Afghan government officials to help Ministry of Energy and Water and the national power utility them apply the findings from the assessments. For instance, (DABS), GFDRR has been supporting efforts to enhance the team organized a training course in Kabul for the the resilience of the country’s energy system. In view of Afghanistan Land Authority (ARAZI), which covers social, Afghanistan’s diverse energy mix, these engagements span environmental, and geophysical criteria for siting new solar the country’s power sector, from the grid-based system to plants and wind farms, among other key topics. solar to hydropower. As this initiative enters a new phase, a key focus moving GFDRR is supporting vulnerability assessments of the forward will be the development of an action plan for resilience of the country’s preexisting and planned energy resilient energy in Afghanistan in collaboration with local facilities, including solar power plants, wind farms, and partners. The plan will define and prioritize a set of measures hydropower plants. The assessments are designed to analyze to enhance the resilience of energy systems, covering key the impacts of natural hazards and climate change and areas such as energy production diversification, renewable include projections of risk over a 50- to 100-year period that energy development, and water resource management. A covers the expected lifespan of these facilities. vision paper for the resilient development of solar power in Several technical vulnerability assessments have been Afghanistan has already been produced and will inform the completed, and these are already beginning to shape energy broader action plan. 58 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

EU-Funded Programs

The ACP–EU Building Disaster new approaches for strengthening shock The European Union (EU) has Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa responsive safety nets in Kenya; and been a key partner of GFDRR (SSA) Program was launched in 2015. It the establishment of similar programs since 2008. The EU is currently includes five result areas implemented in Benin, Malawi, Niger, Sierra Leone, funding eight programs managed by the African Development Bank (AfDB), and Uganda. It also continued the by GFDRR, three of which are African Union Commission (AUC), United development of agriculture insurance managed in close collaboration Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction programs in Kenya, and new agricultural with the Secretariat of the Africa (UNDRR), World Bank, and GFDRR. The insurance programs in Rwanda, Uganda, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Facility implements the following two and Zambia. As of today, the ADRF Group of States. result areas, each worth $22 million: Initiative has leveraged $516.27 million of financing from the World Bank and (1) The African Regional Economic other donors. The ACP–EU Natural Disaster Risk Communities (RECs) DRM Program The $6.6 million EU-WB/GFDRR Reduction (ACP–EU NDRR) Program contributes to disaster risk reduction (DRR) coordination, planning, and policy Global Partnership on Disaster Risk was launched as an initiative of the advisory capacities of four RECs—the Financing Analytics helps countries build ACP Group of States in 2011, with Economic Community of Central African financial resilience by improving their $74.6 million in contributions from States (ECCAS), Economic Community understanding of risk, and increasing the EU. The program helps enhance of West African States (ECOWAS), their capacity to make informed decisions preparedness for natural disasters and the Intergovernmental Authority on based on sound financial analysis. mitigate impacts in ACP countries by Development (IGAD), and the Southern supporting governments integrating The $11 million EU–South Asia Capacity African Development Community risk management approaches into Building for DRM Program supports (SADC). In FY19, the REC-led activities planning. In FY19, the ACP–EU NDRR hydromet service delivery and enhances included facilitating the drafting of Program awarded 25 projects, totaling capacity among regional bodies and the an ECCAS Strategy and Action Plan $10 million. The program influenced national disaster management centers. for mainstreaming gender in DRR and over $108 million through five grants in In FY19, most activities under landslide climate change adaptation policies. and geo-hazard risk management additional financing from the World Bank ECOWAS supported Burkina Faso, plans, particularly risk assessment and and other development partners in FY19, Cabo Verde, The Gambia, Guinea, investment planning in Afghanistan, have and $3.2 billion since the program’s Mali, and Niger to strengthen their been completed, along with pilot studies inception. It is set to close in 2020, DRR coordination mechanism and led a of satellite monitoring of deforming consultative process to form the regional In FY19, the program supported countries slopes in Bhutan, India, and Nepal. In flood management strategy. The IGAD working to enhance disaster preparedness Bangladesh, a technical assistance on team delivered trainings on hazard and response capacity, form urban landslide risk assessment and hotspots assessment and monitoring by using development plans that incorporate identification for mitigation were initiated earth observation and GIS technologies disaster risk management (DRM), develop in the Chittagong and Sylhet regions. DRM legislation and climate resilience in Sudan, Somalia, and South Sudan. SADC hosted meetings of the Regional strategies, and strengthen coastal zone The $6.5 million Serbia National Interagency Standing Committee on management. This support was given to Disaster Risk Management Program Disasters to coordinate responses to Benin, Dominica, Fiji, Grenada, Haiti, is supporting the Republic of Serbia cyclones, droughts, and epidemics. to enhance DRM and flood prevention Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, systems. In FY19, technical assistance Mozambique, Senegal, the Seychelles, (2) The Africa Disaster Risk Financing included flood hazard and risk mapping, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, (ADRF) Initiative is developing and initiation of hazard and risk assessment St. Vincent and Grenadines, Tuvalu, implementing tailored financial for the Tisa Basin, light detection and Uganda, and Vanuatu. In Côte d’Ivoire protection policies and instruments ranging (LiDAR) surveys and digital and Mali, governments received support in over 20 SSA countries to help them terrain model (DTM) production. for assessments following flood events, mitigate the socioeconomic, fiscal, and and in Sierra Leone, resilient recovery financial impacts of disasters. In FY19, Two additional programs for the activities were implemented following the ADRF supported the development Caribbean were launched during FY19— mudslides. of a risk financing strategy in Malawi; see the “In Focus” section.

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In Focus Partnership with the EU boosts resilience and adaptation in the Caribbean Hurricane in the Caribbean. Irma destruction Photo: cdwheatley.

n 2017, the Caribbean was struck by two devastating such as the Global Risk Financing Facility (GRiF) and the Category 5 hurricanes, Maria and Irma. The storms Canada Caribbean Resilience Facility, and will include support again highlighted the need for enhancing capacity and for emergency preparedness in identifying and preparing cooperation in the region to respond to major disasters. financially viable investment projects, and for identifying I financial protection at both regional and national levels. Caribbean nations are actively working to strengthen resilience to the impacts of disasters and climate change, The €3 million Technical Assistance Program for Disaster Risk and while there has been significant progress in DRM, much Financing and Insurance in Caribbean Overseas Countries and work remains to be done. In FY19, GFDRR strengthened its Territories (OCTs), will help Caribbean OCTs better understand partnership with the EU and the World Bank with the launch of their contingent liability to disasters; provide an overview of two programs that will enhance the long-term resilience and financial protection tools available; assess the feasibility of adaptation capacity in the Caribbean to the benefit of the most participating in insurance mechanisms; develop innovative vulnerable populations. disaster risk financing options; and facilitate knowledge The €27.7 million Caribbean Regional Resilience Building sharing among OCTs. This program will be conducted under Facility will support 15 countries with financial and technical the Caribbean OCTs’ €36.7 million Resilience, Sustainable assistance, enhancing regulatory and policy design capacity Energy and Marine Biodiversity (ReSEMBiD) program to mainstream resilience in key sectors; and the resilience implemented by Expertise France, that aims to strengthen environmentally sustainable economic development in of critical physical infrastructure, financial resilience, and Caribbean OCTs. availability of innovative disaster risk financing tools. It will also increase the affordability and uptake of the Caribbean In FY19, the focus has been to launch and set up the Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility. Activities will be programs, draft implementation arrangements, and prepare coordinated with other ongoing programs in the Caribbean, the work plan for FY20.

“These programs are a token of solidarity of the European people, and recognition of the very difficult challenges the Caribbean nations face. Hopefully this support will enable people and businesses to be more resilient to climate change.” —Daniela Tramacere, EU Ambassador to Barbados, Eastern Caribbean States, the OECS and CARICOM/CARIFORUM. 60 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Japan–World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management in Developing Countries

In April 2018, building on these positive from Tokyo University, Public Works The Japan-World Bank Program results, the government of Japan and Research Institute Japan, and Taisei for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk the World Bank agreed to renew the Corporation, among others, to support Management in Developing Program for an additional five years the preparation and implementation Countries is a partnership through 2024. During this renewed of World Bank investment programs. between the government of Japan phase, the program will continue to Examples include: and the World Bank. The program prioritize country demand for investment is managed and implemented by support in three key areas: (i) resilient In August 2018, the Hub deployed GFDRR through its Tokyo DRM infrastructure; (ii) risk identification, representatives of the Development Hub. The program—launched in risk reduction, and preparedness; Bank of Japan to Indonesia to present March 2014 with a cumulative and (iii) disaster risk financing and new and innovative approaches to $200 million contribution insurance. green infrastructure and the financing of from the Ministry of Finance, urban flood risk reduction investments Japan—has two objectives: Technical assistance for in Bogor. support developing countries developing countries in mainstreaming disaster risk In November 2018, the Hub hosted In FY19, the program approved 18 management (DRM) in national a knowledge exchange with the grants amounting to over $12 million. development planning and government of Vietnam on the These new grant activities support investment programs through 27 countries and address natural building of resilient bridges. Japanese World Bank operations, and hazards that are of the greatest risk to professionals shared their expertise connect Japanese and global client countries, such as flooding and in and experiences of improving the expertise in DRM with developing disaster and climate resilience of countries and World Bank teams. other hydromet risks, multi-hazard events, and earthquakes. The program infrastructure, and in particular, the leveraged an estimated $2.9 billion in construction of ultra, high performance In five years of implementation, the new, ongoing, and planned World Bank concrete bridges. investment lending operations in FY19, program has supported 55 countries ■ In April 2019, the World Bank’s amounting to more than 32 percent of through 95 technical assistance projects Urban Floods Community of Practice, the $9.2 billion that the overall portfolio now totaling over $100 million in the Tokyo Development Learning grants. These projects have been key has leveraged since its inception in Center, and the Tokyo DRM Hub toward increasing country capacity for 2014. jointly organized a five-day workshop assessing and designing disaster risk with World Bank teams and clients management policy and solutions. This Sharing expertise and to develop a deeper understanding includes, for example, supporting the promoting partnerships of urban flood risks, and to inform adoption of national policy frameworks In FY19, as a key knowledge center for mainstreaming disaster and climate serving the global DRM community, the design and implementation of resilience across infrastructure and the Tokyo DRM Hub facilitated 29 ongoing or planned World Bank social sectors, and strengthening expert exchanges bringing together 72 investments. Representatives from building codes and land use planning professionals from the public sector, Albania, Angola, the Democratic systems. Most notably, program 58 from the private sector, 37 from Republic of Congo, Jordan, Lao activities have helped countries academia and research institutions, PDR, Myanmar, Panama, Paraguay, mobilize World Bank financing for and 16 from civil society. The Hub also Turkey, and Vietnam, participated in resilient infrastructure investments. mobilized several Japanese experts the training.

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In Focus Railways to resilience: strengthening climate resilience of freight corridors in India Railway station platform in New Alipur, Kolkata. India's national railway system system national railway India's Kolkata. in New Alipur, platform station Railway Photo: S B Stock / Shutterstock.com. in the world. largest is the fourth

ndia is accustomed to dealing with major, recurring railways are addressing disaster risks throughout the disasters, especially floods—the most common natural life cycle of infrastructure assets. Measures include hazard in the country—and has for decades been improvements to inspection procedures, asset protection, investing in disaster management, reducing risk, and repair and replacement processes, and the establishment of Ibuilding resilience. One particular area of focus is the countermeasures at the operational and regulatory level. He country’s rail network, which is one of the most extensive also participated in stakeholder consultations focused on in the world, transporting as many as 8 billion passengers annually, and 1.1 billion tons of freight (2016). Through assessing the resilience of existing Indian rail infrastructure initiatives under its priority area of Resilient Infrastructure, and practices to temperature variation, floods and fog, and the Japan–World Bank Program provided significant inputs shared international best practices. He contributed to the to increase the resilience of the rail network through the discussions on strengthening early warning systems and Climate and Disaster Resilient Rails Development Project. operational emergency preparedness across the 1193 km of A key area of this support is technical assistance that the EDFC. complements a $2.1 billion IBRD-financed Eastern Dedicated In March 2019, the recommendations of the Strengthening Freight Corridor (EDFC) Project. The grant is supporting Climate Resilience of EDFC report were presented as the production of guidelines to incorporate disaster risk key inputs at a session on Resilience of Ports, Railways considerations into urban rail projects, and has also enabled the development of a report on weather hazards and levels & Freight Corridors during the 2nd International of resilience of the existing railway infrastructure. The Workshop on Resilient Infrastructure in New Delhi. These report, Strengthening Climate Resilience of EDFC, provides recommendations are now playing a foundational role in recommendations for appropriate early warning systems guiding the government of India’s investment decision to and measures for strengthening operational emergency increase disaster and climate resilience under the EDFC. preparedness and weather hazard resilience. The engagement itself has potential to be scaled across In addition, Makoto Shimamura, Director General of the the entire EDFC and into other Dedicated Freight Corridor National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster sections across India, and is generating considerable Resilience, travelled to India to share how Japanese interest within the rails sector. 62 Women working at a nutmeg factory / Shutterstock.com. working in Grenada. Photo: Ana del Castillo Women

more reliable response and recovery to respond to recovery costs of Cyclone Special climate and disaster shocks and, over Idai. The other is a sovereign risk time, to a wider range of crises. Within insurance scheme, which is being Programs the World Bank, the program is jointly prepared with the GRiF grant. The led by GFDRR and by the Disaster Risk grant is providing technical assistance Financing and Insurance Program in of $2 million to set up a sovereign risk In addition to the GFDRR MDTF, the Finance, Competitiveness, and insurance scheme for either cyclone Japan-World Bank Program, and EU- Innovation Global Practice. Grants co- or drought, and co-financing premium funded programs, GFDRR manages finance World Bank investments that: payments of $6 million. In Sierra Leone, other purpose-built financing (i) establish risk financing mechanisms a $2.5 million grant to co-finance a $35 windows which focus on particular (e.g., up-front costs of setting up million IDA Investment Project Finance areas of engagement or regions, different instruments); (ii) share the is strengthening the national safety but operate under, and are aligned cost of risk financing mechanisms (e.g., net to respond quickly to help people with, the umbrella structure of the co-payment of insurance premiums); following natural disasters and health Facility. In FY19, two new financing and (iii) provide technical/financial emergencies. windows were launched—the Global resources to improve delivery channels Risk Financing Facility (GRiF) and for response and recovery. Canada Caribbean Resilience the Canada Caribbean Resilience Facility (CRF). These two new In its pilot year of implementation, two Facility (CRF) programs join the Climate Risk and IDA grants were approved with World In May 2019, in partnership with Early Warning Systems Initiative Bank co-financing. In Mozambique, Canada, GFDRR launched a new and City Resilience Program. a grant of $8 million co-financed a program to support Caribbean $90 million disaster risk management countries in achieving more effective The Global Risk Financing operation that was approved in March and coordinated gender-responsive 2019. This project, a Program for Facility (GRiF) and climate-resilient preparedness, Results (P4R) operation, includes recovery, and public financial GRiF was launched in 2018 with an two financial instruments for disaster management practices. The CRF will objective of helping to strengthen response. One is a contingency fund work to increase implementation the financial resilience of vulnerable capitalized with IDA funds and the capacity in the region by transferring countries by supporting earlier and national budget, and mobilized to knowledge to government staff and addressing implementation bottlenecks. risk reduction priority area of the Global services in Togo; and enhance the The program also strives to strengthen Framework for Climate Services, and capacity of provider and user agencies public financial management (PFM) supports the International Network on for weather-, water-, and climate-related practices to enhance the responsiveness Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems. early warning services in Afghanistan. of PFM systems, allowing countries CREWS projects are implemented by to be better prepared for, and able to the World Meteorological Organization City Resilience Program (CRP) respond to, increasingly frequent and (WMO), UN Office for Disaster Risk economically costly extreme events. Reduction (UNDRR), and the World Bank The City Resilience Program (CRP), Gender studies will inform all activities through GFDRR. established in June 2017, continues to enhance the consideration of gender empowering cities to pursue resilience- As of FY19, the CREWS Steering aspects in the preparedness and building investments and to access the Committee has approved thirteen recovery processes. The program will financing necessary to ensure that those support work in Antigua and Barbuda, projects for a total of $32.7 million; investments come to fruition. Over the Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, seven of these projects are implemented past year, there was strong interest Jamaica, St. Lucia, Suriname, and by the World Bank. Ongoing projects from client cities to engage in CRP’s St. Vincent and the Grenadines, with include activities to improve forecasting activities set to start in FY20. in mainly urban areas of the Democratic capital mobilization efforts to catalyze Republic of Congo; the strengthening investments in urban infrastructure Climate Risk and Early of early warning systems in Niger; and to support work further upstream the modernization of hydrological Warning Systems (CREWS) to prioritize resilience in their long- and meteorological services in Mali; term investment planning. The CRP Initiative and the streamlining of regional and team completed more than 50 Rapid Established in 2015 by the French national weather forecasting and Capital Assessments to assess cities’ government as part of the COP21 hydrological systems in the Caribbean. capabilities to mobilize private capital; Solutions agenda, CREWS contributes Three new World Bank–led projects to the Sendai Framework for Disaster are under preparation which will help more than 15 cities received City Risk Reduction by increasing access to provide modernized early warning Scans and were exposed to resilience to multi-hazard early warning systems systems to vulnerable communities in enhancing technical assistance; and and disaster risk information and Chad; strengthen the national climate, a further 16 cities had deployed assessments. It advances the disaster hydrometeorological, and early warning geospatial solutions. Flash floods the dangerous new normal in Bhutan. Photo: World Bank. of resilience management. anddisaster risk A closer lookatsome ofour initiatives edge atthecutting Feature Stories 65 Siargao Island, Philippines. Photo: TatianaNurieva. 66 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Analytical Work at GFDRR

hen disasters strike, people not only in specific contexts at the country levels. These include a set of lose assets, but also incomes, health, data collection tools that allow for in-depth analyses of poverty and welfare. While asset losses may be and disaster risk, and a model that measures socioeconomic Wfinancially assessed quickly and directly, resilience at the subnational level. These requests have also led the long-term consequences of severe or successive to deep country engagements involving, in many cases, country disasters may also be measured in reduced educational teams, governments, and other stakeholders. attainment, stunting, depressed macroeconomic growth, and transient or even chronic poverty. The GFDRR ■ As part of the Philippines Development Plan, the analytics team uses—and in some cases generates— government has committed to measuring and building data to understand these long-term effects of natural resilience to natural disasters. To support this effort, disasters, as granularly as possible, and advises Bank the analytics team worked with the National Economic teams and their clients on how to integrate disaster Development Authority (NEDA) to measure socioeconomic risk management (DRM) into portfolios with poverty resilience to shocks at the provincial level. This work reduction and other development goals. focuses on links between natural disaster exposure and chronic poverty in the Philippines, and is intended to help NEDA’s capacity to understand and meet the needs of the In recent years, GFDRR-supported analytical work has helped poor in its investment portfolio. provide answers to some of the most pressing questions in global development. The Shock Waves (2015) report linked ■ In Sri Lanka, we are contributing to consultations with the poverty reduction efforts with those that address climate government on how adaptive social safety nets could be change and showed how the two can work together to a used to help poor households cope with and recover from greater effect. Unbreakable, released in 2016, built on this disasters. In this context, we have developed a cost-benefit research to demonstrate the impact of disasters on people’s analysis of post-disaster support architectures, which well-being, rather than just asset losses. With well-being losses incorporate data on flood risks; household incomes and characterized as the trade-offs people are forced to make after expenditures; and existing enrollment in Sri Lankan social a disaster, GFDRR’s analytics team found that the effects of protection systems. floods, windstorms, earthquakes, and tsunamis on well-being are ■ In the city of Accra, Ghana, city officials requested evidence equivalent to a $520 billion drop in consumption—60 percent on the relation between poverty and flood risk to understand more than the widely reported asset losses caused by disasters how to better serve the city’s most vulnerable residents. annually. In 2018, the Unbreakable follow-up, Building Back Our team responded to this request and carried out a study Better, took the findings of its predecessor and illustrated how in the city. The findings, published in Road to Recovery in those well-being losses could be greatly reduced after a disaster 2018 supported the preparation of the $200 million IDA by building back stronger, faster, and more inclusively. investment, the Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated In FY19, GFDRR’s analytics team produced Lifelines in response Development project, approved in FY19. to increasing demand throughout the development community ■ As part of the Tanzanian Urban Resilience Program, we for a thorough analysis on the intersection of DRM and carried out a citywide analysis of poverty and flood risk in infrastructure. Using rigorously peer-reviewed research, the Dar es Salaam. The report, Wading Out the Storm, published report presents a strong case for investing in resilience during in August 2019, helped improve understanding of how the early stages of infrastructure planning to avoid devastating households experience and cope with floods, which helped setbacks due to disasters. inform flood damage calculations and supported ongoing In addition to original research done for this report, the GFDRR discussions with the government on the implementation analytics team is also developing tools that can provide even of a flood prevention action plan report, the Msimbazi further insights into how poverty and disaster risks are related Opportunity.

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In Focus Resilient infrastructure New GFDRR report finds that $4.2 trillion can be saved by investing in more resilient infrastructure High voltage power lines passes in Dhaka City where power is a constant where power in Dhaka City passes lines power High voltage crisis. Photo: saif6996.

rom serving our most basic needs to enabling our for the livelihoods and well-being of people. Outages or most ambitious ventures in trade and technology, disruptions to power, water, communications, and transport infrastructure services are essential for raising and affect the productivity of firms, and the incomes and jobs they maintaining quality of life. Yet millions of people, provide, which directly impact people’s quality of life. Such Fespecially in low- and middle-income countries, are facing the disruptions may, for example, make it impossible for children consequences of unreliable electricity grids, inadequate water to go to school or study, and may contribute to the spread of and sanitation systems, and overstrained transport networks. waterborne diseases, such as cholera. Natural hazards magnify the challenges faced by these fragile “Resilient infrastructure is not about roads or bridges or systems. powerplants alone. It is about the people, the households Lifelines: The Resilient Infrastructure Opportunity (2019), and the communities for whom this quality infrastructure a new report from GFDRR and the World Bank, lays out a is a lifeline to better health, better education and better framework for understanding infrastructure resilience—the livelihoods,” says World Bank Group President, David ability of infrastructure systems to function and meet users’ Malpass. “Investing in resilient infrastructure is about needs during and after a natural shock—and makes an unlocking economic opportunities for people. This report economic case for building more resilient infrastructure. The offers a pathway for countries to follow for a safer, more report builds on a wide range of case studies, global secure, inclusive and prosperous future for all.” empirical analyses, and modeling exercises, and estimates Lifelines offers concrete recommendations and specific actions that on average the net benefit of investing in more resilient that can be taken by governments, stakeholders, and the infrastructure in low- and middle-income countries would be international community to improve the quality and resilience $4.2 trillion, with $4 in benefits for each $1 invested. of these essential services, and thereby contribute to more Lifelines examines four essential infrastructure resilient and prosperous societies. GFDRR will work with systems: power, water and sanitation, transport, and World Bank teams across sectors and countries to apply the telecommunications. Making these systems more resilient tools and recommendations from Lifelines, engaging private is critical, the report finds, not only to avoid costly repairs and public partners to mainstream its key messages into but also to minimize the consequences of natural disasters infrastructure planning. 68 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Nature-Based Solutions

ature-based solutions (NBS) are interventions issues related to rapid urbanization and coastal management. that harness natural systems to reduce the In South Asia, an economic assessment in Colombo, Sri Lanka, impact of disasters, such as flooding, erosion, determined that conserving wetlands for flood mitigation was a Nlandslides, and drought. These solutions are often desirable option and could result in 39 percent of floodwaters implemented in combination with traditional resilient flowing into wetlands and construction of parks in the area infrastructure and have the comparative advantage generating $13 million in recreational income. of providing additional benefits, including livelihood In Latin America and the Caribbean, work is advancing in generation, biodiversity conservation, recreational Haiti, where NBS investment plans for resilient transport are opportunities, carbon storage, and improved quality being developed. Finally, in Central Asia, the Facility’s support of life. Support for NBS is increasing, and they are is making it possible for Mongolia’s capital, Ulaanbaatar, to now prominently featured as a crucial track of action develop risk-informed urban planning through the integration by the UN, the European Commission, and the Global of NBS into the planning, design, and management of public Commission on Adaptation. spaces. Informing resilient development across regions Supporting, building capacity, and leading the GFDRR is supporting the rising demand for NBS by providing way forward with analytical work technical, analytical, and operational support for related projects in five regions and 24 countries. In FY19, GFDRR supported the research and publication of the flagship report, “Integrating Green and Gray: Creating Next For instance, in Africa the Facility is supporting eight countries, Generation Infrastructure,” which was prepared jointly with including Ghana, Madagascar, the Seychelles, and Tanzania. the World Resources Institute. The report highlights how the This year, the Seychelles Coastal Management Plan (CMP), integration of green infrastructure into projects can generate which includes coral reef restoration, was developed as part services at lower total costs and boost resilience, while of recent policy work supporting the 2015 IBRD Development achieving a "triple-win" for communities, the environment, Policy Loan with Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown—a and the economy. More importantly, the report outlines contingent financing line that provides immediate liquidity to social, environmental, financial, and technical considerations address shocks related to natural disasters—and ultimately for decision makers and practitioners to optimally seize the strengthening the Seychelles’ preparedness. In Madagascar opportunities green infrastructure can provide. The flagship an ongoing assessment of NBS to reduce urban flood risks report further catalyzed dialogue between the World Bank and in underserved communities will be included as part of the other multilateral development banks and NGOs on carving a Integrated Urban Development and Resilience Project for wider role for NBS. Greater Antananarivo and will be supported by a $75 million Other knowledge products produced this year include the IDA credit. In Tanzania, the government of Zanzibar is using “Nature-Based Solutions for Disaster Risk Management” grant resources to integrate the use of natural wetlands and guidance booklet and a set of ready-to-use PowerPoint decks green corridors for low-impact stormwater management and for communicating nature-based solutions concepts, costs, and public space revitalization. benefits to practitioners and decision makers. These products In the East Asia and Pacific region, GFDRR is providing add to the growing set of tools and guidelines developed with technical assistance to nine countries, including Myanmar, GFDRR’s private and public sector partners to effectively assist where the project team is working with the government to governments and development institutions in implementing identify NBS to address regional disaster risk management NBS for disaster risk management.

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In Focus Redeveloping the Panama City waterfront to create a resilient, inclusive, and sustainable city Left to right: Potential enhancement and conservation of green and conservation to right: enhancement Left Potential Photo: World along the waterfront City. spaces of Panama Isaza. Castano Photo: Juliana Mangroves. City’s Bank. Panama

n the past 25 years, Panama City, Panama, has undergone An integral part of this work has been the identification of a process of rapid and unplanned urbanization. The city NBS for disaster risk management and resilience. As such, is now three times the size it was in 1990, and almost a strategic flood risk assessment of the Tocumen and Tapia half of the population and economic assets of the whole basins has been developed to understand the key flood Icountry are concentrated in 4 percent of the territory. Its mechanisms, create hazard exposure and risk maps, and proximity to the coast, extensive river network, and heavy determine flood risks in four future scenarios. In parallel, annual precipitation means that the city is vulnerable to an assessment of coastal biophysical conditions, including floods and sea level rise. This vulnerability is exacerbated by the status of mangroves and riverine vegetation, and the the lack of adequate land-use planning, scattered institutional use of native plants for urban green spaces, was conducted responsibilities, a deficient drainage system, and the loss to determine structural and nonstructural measures. These of natural wetlands in the Tocumen and Tapia basins. As assessments have been used to identify a range of possible a result, floods have become more frequent and intense, interventions that include nature-based and hybrid solutions, posing a significant challenge to socioeconomic development, such as modifying the distribution of mangroves and riparian especially in disadvantaged neighborhoods. vegetation, restoring river channel routes to more natural configurations, and using urban parks to serve as water Creating a more resilient and sustainable future for Panama storage areas in different city locations, while also reducing City will require investments that address these issues heat island effects and enhancing biodiversity. Sophisticated through a comprehensive and multi-sectoral approach. computer modeling will be undertaken to provide insight into GFDRR is providing financial and technical support to Panama the sustainability of these proposed interventions. City’s efforts to strengthen resilience, sustainability, and connectivity through the Waterfront Redevelopment and These results are building capacity at the municipality Resilience Program. This program works to inform urban and national levels, and will inform larger, cost-effective design of existing and future developments that include investments by city and national governments that will continuous multi-modal waterfront access, comprehensive catalyze socioeconomic development through enhancing wetland management and ecosystem services, and resilience and revitalizing the urban environment. neighborhood upgrading.

“Nature-based solutions are a key part of our city Resilience Strategy. The presence of rich ecosystems, such as our watersheds and wetlands, offers us unique opportunities for flood risk mitigation and recreational activities, while providing climate protection and biodiversity conservation.” —Marcos Marengo, Resilience Director of the Municipality of Panama 70 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Resilient Cultural Heritage and Tourism

atural hazards can cause dramatic losses to resilience, economic development, cultural integration, and cultural heritage, disrupting economies and the social inclusion. Climate change and unplanned development, identity and community resilience of cities and among other factors, will continue to increase pressure on Ncountries around the world. The 2017 Mexico countries’ abilities to protect their heritage and integrate it earthquake damaged 1,847 heritage buildings, causing into their development planning. 20 percent of the direct economic losses, as well as Geospatial and other disruptive technologies, such as remote significant indirect losses to tourism and other sectors.13 sensing and 3D modeling, offer critical new options to visualize The 2015 Nepal earthquake saw tourism drop by more than 250,000 people—a 30 percent reduction compared and manage the vulnerabilities of complex and dispersed to 2014. Globally, travel and tourism contribute 10.4 cultural heritage and tourism sites. Adaptive social resilience percent of GDP, and disasters can significantly disrupt this approaches can help build the support and development of sector and damage the cultural heritage assets underlying communities inextricably linked to meaningful heritage. it.14 Cultural heritage assets are often irreplaceable; their losses include a loss of values, history, identity, and social Strengthening resilience of heritage and cohesion. In FY19, GFDRR support helped six countries— communities Bhutan, Guatemala, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Tanzania, and Since 2017, GFDRR has worked to engage Japanese and global Uzbekistan—strengthen the resilience of cultural heritage, expertise on the Cultural Heritage of Disaster Risk Management local communities, and sustainable tourism. to support countries in improving the resilience of their cultural heritage sites and local communities with key results Integrating cultural heritage and tourism into in FY19. In Bhutan, the government is developing its risk- disaster risk management (DRM) informed heritage asset inventory and completing hands-on More than 60 percent of World Heritage Sites are exposed to renovation works with continued capacity building of artisans geo-hazards.15 At the same time, climate change is significantly and officials to enhance the resilience of structures and sites, increasing risks to cultural heritage sites worldwide.16 The which is part of a wider policy for integrating disaster risk and integration of cultural heritage and tourism assets into DRM cultural heritage management. GFDRR’s support in Uzbekistan projects and the development of DRM strategies for these helped the State Committee for Tourism Development engage can inform important policy enhancements and investments international experts and key partners in the Ministry of to protect the people, places, and economies that cultural Culture, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Emergency heritage and tourism represent. Situations, local administrations, and UNESCO to assess the country’s capacity gaps for risk identification, emergency In many countries, cultural heritage has been an efficient entry preparedness and response, and overall site management and point to connect DRM with urban development, especially in risk reduction investments. Authorities are now beginning to fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) contexts. With nearly 100 integrate DRM in the conservation of cultural heritage sites and UNESCO World Heritage Sites located in FCV settings, and the development of sustainable tourism, working through an growing development support for these countries, developing interdisciplinary and multiagency approach through the World countries are seeking approaches that advance disaster Bank–supported $100 million secondary cities development project. In Guatemala, after the 2018 volcanic eruption of 13 National Institute of Anthropology and History (NIAH) and UNESCO, Mexico. Volcán de Fuego which affected the World Heritage City of 14 World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). 2019. Knoema. Antigua Guatemala, the Executive Secretariat of the National 15 Pavlova, I. et al. 2015. “Global overview of the geological hazard exposure and disaster risk awareness at world heritage sites.” Journal of Coordinator for Disaster Reduction engaged the Ministry of Cultural Heritage December 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.culher.2015.11.001 Culture to protect the country’s heritage and ensure a resilient 16 ICOMOS. 2017. “Resolution 19GA 2017/30—Mobilizing ICOMOS and the cultural heritage community to help meet the challenge of climate recovery. They are working to include cultural heritage in change.” pp. 18–20. Guatemala’s National Recovery Strategy.

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In Focus Culture in city reconstruction and recovery Mobile Mini Circus for Children, Bamiyan, Afghanistan.Photo: © Seth Bloom. Children, Bamiyan, Afghanistan.Photo: for Mobile Mini Circus

n FY19, GFDRR supported the preparation and launching The CURE Framework fosters the integration of people- of a joint World Bank–UNESCO position paper on centered and place-based approaches into sustainable urban Culture in City Reconstruction and Recovery (CURE), policies, to help cities effectively address the impact of which reflects the shared commitment of these two disasters and strengthen resilience in their communities. The Iorganizations to place culture at the forefront of post-crisis key ideas state that (1) culture plays a key role in post-crisis resilient recovery processes. reconstruction and recovery processes; (2) culture should be acknowledged as the foundation that integrates people- Despite relevance and importance for local communities, centered and place-based policies; and (3) effective city culture and cultural heritage are sometimes seen as luxuries reconstruction and recovery programs require culture to be in the aftermath of disasters. Attention to these issues has mainstreamed across the damage and needs assessment and usually focused on the reconstruction of architectural assets, scoping, and when setting policy and strategy, financing, and but incorporating intangible cultural heritage—including implementation phases. traditional practices, skills, and knowledge transmitted across generations—is equally important to comprehensive, community-focused recovery.

“When there is a disaster or a trauma, people really need to hold on to their cultural landmarks, their symbols. Heritage is the glue that binds people together as a community.” Giovanni Boccardi, Chief of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit for the Culture Sector of UNESCO. 72 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Events andPublications discussions—and thattheideaskeep coming. to ensurethattheresilience agenda remainscentral toglobal policy GFDRR actively engages partners inglobaldialogueandworks with 73 UR Caribbean Conference. Photo: World Bank. 74 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Summary of Events The Open Data for Resilience Initiative (OpenDRI) Mapathon (OpenDRI) Initiative Resilience Open Data for The

Building Resilience mapping, identification of investment sustainability, replicability, and use opportunities, and capital investment of local materials and labor. Nine City Resilience Program (CRP): plans. Each participant left with a list of winners—three each for three given Financial Solutions for City Resilience priority infrastructure investments and scenarios—were selected out of more Conference, 2nd Cohort at least one project proposal, complete than 300 team submissions. The Financial Solutions for City with preliminary technical and financial Resilience Conference in July 2018 Small Island States Resilience specifications. brought together delegates from Initiative (SISRI) Practitioners Meeting 20 cities, along with development Held on the sidelines of the 6th Global professionals, financial advisers, and Middle East and North Africa (MNA) Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction in private developers to discuss and Regional Urban Resilience Conference Geneva, GFDRR's SISRI held the fourth refine infrastructure financing options The World Bank and the Municipality of meeting of its Practitioners' Network in the urban resilience agenda. The Beirut organized and hosted the MNA in May 2019. Representatives from 29 conference, led by the City Resilience Regional Urban Resilience Conference small island states exchanged helpful Program, culminated with a “shark in April 2019, with support from GFDRR insights and experience related to risk tank” event in which city leaders and in partnership with 100 Resilient identification, risk financing, capacity presented their investment ideas to a Cities. The conference responded to building, and inclusive resilience panel of financial advisers, who then the need for regional cooperation and planning. gave feedback on how to structure the common frameworks for city resilience resilience investment opportunities. strategies, and drew fresh insights from Risk Information Beirut's urban resilience master plan. OpenDRI Mapathon CRP: Resilience Planning Workshop Resilient Homes Challenge GFDRR's Open Data for Resilience The City Resilience Program's first Architects, engineers, designers, and Initiative hosted a Mapathon—a Resilience Planning Workshop, students from all over the world took combined exhibition and training event held in Durban, South Africa, in part in the GFDRR-supported Resilient for community and crowdsourced November 2018, brought together Homes Challenge—a design competition mapping initiatives—at World Bank officials from 11 African cities to that generated designs for disaster- headquarters in November 2018. The discuss the urban resilience agenda resilient and sustainable houses. Entries well attended event brought attention and refine their infrastructure put forth a diversity of construction to the numerous benefits of using investments. The week-long event materials and approaches, and were geospatial data in providing solutions to featured a mix of presentations, risk judged on factors such as resilience, development and disaster risk reduction Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 75

In Focus Inclusion for resilient recovery: The 2019 World Reconstruction Conference

n May 13–14, 2019, more than 1,000 stakeholders geography. For example, in a session on disaster recovery in and practitioners from government, international fragile and conflict-affected contexts, Mohammed Danjuma organizations, community-based organizations, and of the Nigerian Presidential Committee on the North East the private sector came together in Geneva for the Initiatives described how inclusivity is helping recovery O4th World Reconstruction Conference (WRC4). The theme in Northeastern Nigeria following paramilitary conflict of the conference, “Inclusion for Resilient Recovery,” drew that was compounded by recurring droughts and floods. attention to disparate recovery outcomes during a time of He noted that Nigeria’s North East Recovery and Stability accelerating disaster risk. WRC4 presented an opportunity Program helps to stave off new tensions by involving to share best practices and account for progress on the communities in both recovery planning and implementation, pledges made concerning inclusion through the 2030 which in turn helps ensure that scarce natural resources are Agenda, particularly the Sendai Framework for Disaster managed according to the needs of each state. Risk Reduction. The event was held in conjunction with the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, ensuring Some sessions provided an opportunity to explore that the issue of inclusion was fresh in the minds of those specific examples of inclusive recovery in greater depth. attending the latter event. The conference was hosted Following the 2018 floods in the Indian state of Kerala, the by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction government conducted a Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (UNDRR), and GFDRR partnered with the United Nations (PDNA) that deliberately emphasized inclusive recovery. Development Programme (UNDP) and the European The government of Kerala approached this PDNA, in part, by Commission to fund and organize the event. disaggregating impact data across different segments of the population, including gender, disability, tribal affiliation, Inclusion for Resilient Recovery age, and more. In a session centered on the Kerala recovery, Dr. Venu Vasudevan, Chief Executive of the Rebuild Kerala Disability rights activist Eddie Ndopu set the tone for the Initiative, explained how this disaggregated information conference in an inspiring opening address in which he illustrated the extent to which different groups experienced invited attendees to “not just reconstruct buildings, but different impacts from the disaster, helping to ensure that to reconstruct communities—to reconstruct the world and each of them was taken into consideration when planning fashion it in such a way that it is truly open to all.” the recovery. Importantly, he also noted that there should There is a longstanding consensus that vulnerable and be a constant monitoring process to respond to inevitable marginalized groups get hit harder by disasters and gaps in information. are frequently excluded from the recovery process. The discussions surrounding these goals and ideas were Unfortunately, that consensus has not led to concerted summarized in a joint communique, affirming a strong action for more inclusive recovery. WRC4 attendees came to commitment to: the conference with renewed determination to change that. Across 20 sessions, participants approached the problem ■ supporting marginalized groups that are especially by diving deep into the underlying issues, examining vulnerable to the impacts of natural hazards and that risk intersections between recovery and other challenges, and being made even more vulnerable during the recovery dissecting case studies to better understand what works and process; what does not.

Many sessions provided a close look at the interests and ■ adopting and promoting more inclusive approaches for considerations of a range of groups, including women, the recovery, and promoting greater resilience for the com- elderly, and those with disabilities. In a plenary session, munity as a whole; Ecuador’s Minister of Disaster Risk Management Alexandra ■ ensuring a more resilient future for all by acting on the Ocles explained how the needs and perspectives of people commitments made in the 2030 Agenda, the Sendai with disabilities are represented at the national level through a team of women that work with them daily in every Framework, the Paris Agreement, and other key accords; province. This has helped ensure that their voices are heard and even if they are unable or unwilling to leave their homes. ■ changing the behavior and actions of all development Other sessions illuminated intersections between disaster partners to be more inclusive in planning, implementing, recovery and factors such as conflict, displacement, and and monitoring recovery. 76 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

initiatives. Guest speakers from needs for disaster risk management Global Conferences Mapbox, USAID, American Red Cross, (DRM) and engaged in lively discussions 24th Conference of Parties (COP24) and the World Bank Group Geospatial of experiences and lessons learned in During the 2018 COP24 conference Team gave ignite presentations that coping with disaster risks. held in Katowice, Poland in December, demonstrated the many possibilities of UR Finance Pacific Forum GFDRR partnered with the World Bank the technology. More than 200 stakeholders and and the World Resources Institute for practitioners from around the Pacific a high-level panel discussion on ways Python for Data Science Course region came together in Vanuatu for the to enhance resilience through nature- In March 2019, GFDRR partnered first-ever UR Finance Pacific Forum in based solutions. The event served as with the World Bank data science October 2018. During the event, private a preview for the GFDRR-supported and geospatial teams to train other sector voices, disaster risk experts, and report, Integrating Green and Gray— disaster risk management colleagues governments explored new approaches Creating Next Generation Infrastructure, on the use of Python, the world's most to quantify and build comprehensive which highlights ways that nature- popular programming language for data financial protection, such as insurance based solutions can be integrated with manipulation. A cohort of more than 40 instruments, against rising climate and traditional infrastructure to reduce practitioners, many of whom had never disaster risk. disaster impacts and costs. coded before, emerged from the course with a newfound ability of processing UR Caribbean and presenting data in actionable GFDRR partnered with the World Bank, World Reconstruction Conference ways that could improve their team's the EU, and the Caribbean Disaster (WRC4) business outcomes. Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) The 4th WRC4 was held in Geneva on May 13–14, 2019, under the theme VizRisk Challenge to host the Understanding Risk Caribbean “Inclusion for Resilient Recovery.” Held In partnership with Mapbox and the Conference in Barbados in May 2019. Over in conjunction with the 6th Global Data Visualization Society, GFDRR the five-day conference, three regional Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, and the World Bank hosted the 2019 programs were launched, which will WRC4 built on the recognition and VizRisk Challenge in May, which focus on supporting long-term resilience consensus of previous WRCs that invited participants to explore how planning and climate-smart growth recovery should not reinforce existing maps and visualization techniques can strategies. The week also featured creative inequalities. Resilient recovery is help citizens and governments better alternative means of communicating risk, imperative to sustainable development understand and use data on natural including art installations representing and poverty reduction; and that to be hazards, exposure, and vulnerability. risk data and a special disaster risk- resilient, recovery must build back better. Selecting one of four locations, more themed cricket match featuring players than 260 people from around 60 from the region. Over 500 delegates from countries participated, pulling insights more than 20 countries attended. from recommended datasets, designing interactive maps and visualizations, and blogging throughout the process.

Understanding Risk (UR) Conferences UR Balkans Belgrade hosted the first Understanding Risk Balkans Conference in September 2018, bringing together experts and practitioners from around the Balkans to address the region’s urgent need for a better understanding of disaster risks and share innovative solutions that promote a sustainable future. In 12 technical sessions, 353 attendees from 46 countries in the region and beyond explored different sectoral Geneva, Switzerland on May 12-13, 2019 for the Fourth the Fourth for 12-13, 2019 on May Geneva, Switzerland Initiative States Resilience Meeting of the Small Island Network Practitioners’ (SISRI) Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 77

Key Publications FY19

MACHINE LEARNING for DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

A guidance note on how machine learning can be used for disaster risk management, including key definitions, case studies, and practical considerations for implementation

The design transforms existing rural alpine construction techniques TEN into a resilient, modular and flexible core home unit. It does this by Team members : Varun Amar reconfiguring common building materials into a novel structural lattice Kaushik / system to counter the six typical, earthquake induced, structural fail- David Stoeger ures.The precise, yet adaptable system has been developed from lo- Team Origin : Switzerland cal post-earthquake housing design evolution,typology research and a Scenario 2: Earthquake & constructed prototype in the Thame Valley, Nepal.The research aims Landslides to assess and update traditional methods of construction, in order to Location : Thame valley, improve building performance and retain their cultural relevance. Con- Khumbu, Nepal struction of a house would take 45-60 days and can be conducted by Cost : USD 13,000 local labour.

RESILIENT HOMES

DESIGN CHALLENGE ...

Stéphane Hallegatte Jun Rentschler Julie Rozenberg

MACHINE LEARNING FOR DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

A Lifelines: The Resilient E-Book: Resilient Homes Challenge Guidance Note: Machine Learning for Infrastructure Opportunity Over 3,000 participants from over 120 Disaster Risk Management Building on a wide range of case countries entered the Resilient Homes This note provides practical guidance studies, global empirical analyses, Challenge, which called on architects, on how machine learning can be used and modeling exercises, Lifelines lays engineers, designers, and students to for disaster risk management, including out a framework for understanding design proposals for disaster-resilient key definitions, case studies, and key infrastructure resilience. Making housing. This e-book explores insights considerations for implementation. an economic case for investing in and lessons learned from the winning This document also serves as a infrastructure resilience, the report designs, which were selected based on concise, demystifying reference for finds that the net benefit of building resilience, sustainability, replicability, better understanding of how machine more resilient infrastructure in low- and and suitability to the local cultural learning can be applied in disaster risk middle-income countries would be context. management projects. $4.2 trillion.

POSITION PAPER Public Disclosure Authorized

C U R E Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Disaster Recovery Guidance Series Disaster Recovery Guidance Series Education Sector Recovery Transport Sector Recovery: Opportunities to Build Resilience Public Disclosure Authorized

Guidance Note: Education Sector Guidance Note: Transport Sector Culture in City Reconstruction and Recovery Recovery: Opportunities to Build Recovery (CURE) This note provides practical guidance Resilience Drawing on a culture-based approach to national governments about how This guidance note provides action- that accounts for the needs, values, to ensure that the education sector oriented guidance to government and priorities of people, this can maintain its core functions in the officials facing post-disaster recovery document serves as a guide for how midst of a disaster or crisis, allow for challenges related to the transport to integrate culture into all phases streamlined recovery from shocks, sector. It frames the scope of recovery of city reconstruction and recovery. minimize disaster and conflict risks, and work, including the administrative It also provides a road map for post- improve the sector’s adaptation and elements for setting up a planned and crisis economic development and the resilience to future crises. organized recovery of the transport management of complex social, spatial, sector, as well as the implementation and economic transformations. activities required to restore the transport network. 78 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) TECHNICAL DEEP DIVE ON RESILIENT CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM - SUMMARY REPORT

TECHNICAL DEEP DIVE ON STRENGTHENING HYDROMET AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS Weathering the Change: How to Improve in Developing Hydromet Countries Services

Weathering the Change: Climate change is impacting the lives and livelihoods of people everywhere. More How to Improve Hydromet people are vulnerable and exposed to the effects of extreme weather, especially through Services in Developing the impact of floods, landslides, drought, and winds. One way to cope is by reducing Countries exposure to harm by providing more accurate, reliable, and actionable weather, climate, and hydrological information. This is amply demonstrated in high-income countries, where the impact of extreme weather events is mitigated by their ability to take early action based on meteorological and hydrological warnings. This is possible because these countries have invested in their publicly financed National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs), encouraged the development of complementary private services, and invested heavily in research and development.

How to Improve TECTONIC SHIFT Weathering Hydromet Services SUMMARY REPORT in Developing the Change Countries Authors David P. Rogers

Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery Vladimir V. Tsirkunov Haleh Kootval The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a global partnership Alice Soares REPORT that helps developing countries better understand and reduce their vulnerabilities to Daniel Kull natural hazards and adapt to climate change. Working with over 400 local, national, Anna-Maria Bogdanova regional, and international partners, GFDRR provides grant financing, technical Makoto Suwa assistance, training, and knowledge sharing activities to mainstream disaster and climate risk management in policies and strategies. Managed by the World Bank,

www.gfdrr.org GFDRR is supported by 37 countries and 11 international organizations.

Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

Tectonic Shift RIFT 2018 Report Summary Report: Technical Deep Dive Weathering the Change: How to This report summarizes the key findings on Resilient Cultural Heritage and Improve Hydromet Services in discussed during the East Africa Tourism Developing Countries Regional Seismic Risk and Resilience This report summarizes a Technical This comprehensive guide provides Workshop in September 2018. Deep Dive (TDD), held in April 2017 in critical insights for how development Representatives from six countries, Japan, which brought together officials practitioners and national meteorological together with technical experts, and experts from nine developing and hydrological services (NMHSs) convened in Nairobi, Kenya, to enable countries, to share insights and lessons can improve the delivery of national action to strengthen frameworks for learned on ensuring the resilience of meteorological and hydrological services. seismic risk management and to build cultural heritage and tourism sites. It touches on all actors involved in the capacity of select national and local Topics covered included disaster risk the production and delivery of these governments in the region. management for cultural heritage, services, with an emphasis on the role of as well as community engagement in the public sector. cultural heritage preservation.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Floods,2014 i

NEPAL EARTHQUAKE 2015 Post Disaster VANUATU Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Tropical Cyclone Pam, March 2015 Needs Assessment BOSNIA AND VOL. A: KEY FINDINGS HERZEGOVINA FLOODS, 2014 Sri Lanka Post-Disaster Needs Assessment RECOVERY NEEDS ASSESSMENT

Floods and Landslides-May 2016

Post-Disaster Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs Ministry of Disaster Management Needs Assessment SERBIA FLOODS 2014

Tropical Cyclone Pam, March 2015 Belgrade, 2014 September 2016 In colloaboration with

GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL EUROPEAN UNION NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION 1818 H Street, N.W. Government of Vanuatu Washington, D.C. 20433 KATHMANDU, 2015 Sri Lanka Floods and Landslides - May 2016 | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 1 www.worldbank.org

103631 Fiji

Public Disclosure Authorized République d’Haïti Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized ÉVALUATION DES BESOINS

Public Disclosure Authorized POST CATASTROPHE pour le

May 2016 Tropical , February 20, 2016 MALAWI DROUGHT 2015-2016 Public Disclosure Authorized MYANMAR POST-DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT (PDNA) POST-DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES JULY–SEPTEMBER 2015

1 Government of the Union of Myanmar Government of Fiji

Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Disaster Recovery Guidance Series PDNA

Gender Equality Republic of the Marshall Islands

Post Disaster Needs Assessment of the 2015-2016 Drought

and Women’s Empowerment iNTEGRATiNG GREEN February 2017 in Disaster Recovery Lessons from a AND GRAY Seychelles Post Disaster Needs Assessment Tropical Decade of Experience April 2016 A Report by the Government of Seychelles

Creating Next Generation Infrastructure With support from the European Union, the United Nations, and the World Bank

2018

GREG BROWDER, SUZANNE OZMENT, IRENE REHBERGER BESCOS, TODD GARTNER, AND GLENN-MARIE LANGE

WORLDBANK.ORG | WRI.ORG

9889_CVR.indd 3 5/11/18 12:52 PM Guidance Note: Gender Equality and Integrating Green and Gray i Women’s Empowerment in Disaster Post-Disaster Needs Assessment: Recovery: Disaster Recovery Integrating Green and Gray: Creating Lessons from a Decade of Experience Guidance Series Next Generation Infrastructure Over the past decade, post-disaster This guide provides action-oriented This report guides developing country needs assessments (PDNAs) have guidance to local and national service providers and their partners transformed how resilience and disaster government officials and key decision on how to harness the power of nature risk management practitioners prepare makers who face post-disaster to help achieve development goals, for and respond to disaster. Drawing on challenges. Critically, this note including water security and climate the analyses of 14 PDNAs, this guide assists them in incorporating gender- resilience. It provides approaches and examines the strengths, opportunities, responsive recovery and reconstruction examples of how to integrate green limitations, and challenges of the efforts across all sectors through infrastructure, such as mangroves and PDNA process, and also provides robust gender assessments that lead wetlands, into mainstream project recommendations for PDNAs moving to concrete needs identification and appraisal processes and investments. forward. gender-specific recovery strategies and frameworks. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 79

In Focus Global Commission on Adaptation (GCA)

outputs, such as Lifelines (2019), Unbreakable (2016), and The Triple Dividend of Resilience (2016). Additionally, our approach of mainstreaming risk management across sectors lies at the heart of the GCA’s call for action.

The GCA’s report is centered around a key argument put forward by prior analytical work supported by GFDRR: that adaption action is a financially sound investment with multiple development dividends. Drawing on the Triple Dividend of Resilience report, the GCA emphasizes that adaptation investments not only prevent disaster losses, but also create socioeconomic opportunities. The report suggests that adaptation investments could yield benefits of $7.1 trillion by 2030, compared to a cost of $1.8 trillion. To arrive at this estimate, the authors of the report drew on findings from ourLifelines report, which concluded that $4 trillion of these benefits could be derived from investments in resilient infrastructure. Other adaptation priorities and benefits put forward by the GCA also draw on our contribution to shaping the agenda over the years, for instance in the areas of nature-based solutions, early warning systems, resilient cities, and financial protection. n FY19, GFDRR joined global partners in the launch of Additionally, approaches such as decision making under an important new initiative, the Global Commission on uncertainty and system-level resilience planning, which Adaptation (GCA), which accelerates action on climate were developed over the years in part through our support, change adaptation, elevates the political visibility of are now also advocated by the GCA. Iadaptation, and highlights tangible solutions. GCA is co- In addition to helping to frame the main report, GFDRR also chaired by former World Bank CEO and now IMF Managing contributed to the background papers that helped shape the Director Kristalina Georgieva; Ban Ki-moon, 8th Secretary- GCA’s exploration of risk and adaptation financing in several General of the United Nations; and Bill Gates of the Bill & areas, for instance how perceived funding gaps associated Melinda Gates Foundation. It was convened by 19 countries, with the private sector might be overcome; how risk can be guided by 33 commissioners, and supported by a global network of research partners and advisers, including the made visible as a way to mobilize climate finance; and the World Bank, who provides scientific, economic, and policy need to price risk in different stages of project design and analyses. The managing partners of the Commission are implementation. These included “All Is Not Green: Climate the Global Center on Adaptation and the World Resources Change Adaptation and Small Business Resilience in Low- Institute, and the World Bank’s Patrick Verkooijen is the and Middle-Income Countries” and “Business Adaptation to CEO of the Global Center on Adaptation. Climate Change and Global Supply Chains.”

In September 2019, the GCA launched its flagship advocacy The report includes a focus on the three revolutions needed report Adapt Now: A Global Call for Leadership on Climate to increase climate adaptation investments: a change in how Resilience. As a partner of the GCA, GFDRR played a key we understand risks; a transformation in planning for more role in developing and drafting the report’s messages— robust policy and investment decisions; and a restructuring thus helping to make the case that global momentum for in finance to mobilize the necessary resources. It commits adaptation action can build on the foundation of over 10 to at least eight concrete “action tracks” to overcome the years of work on disaster risk management and disaster risk key obstacles to effective climate change adaptation and reduction. The report details the priorities and principles has identified GFDRR as a key implementing partner for of adaptation action in sectors such as food security, the several of these action tracks, including those on finance natural environment, water, cities, infrastructure, and and investment, nature-based solutions, resilient cities, finance—and draws on several of the Facility’s analytical infrastructure, and disaster prevention. 80 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) It is a financial report covering the period ofJuly1, 2018toJune30, theperiod covering It isafinancialreport 2019. commitments, disbursements, donorresources available, progress. andresults This annex provides information aboutGFDRR’s portfolio inFY19. Thisincludes Annex 81 Crowded train about to depart from Dhaka. Photo: Tarzan9280. 82 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Portfolio Summary

GFDRR’s total portfolio as of June Figure 1.1 Distribution of Active MDTF and related core funding 30, 2019, included 369 active grants Commitments by Funding Window, windows amounted to $94.5 million covering 142 countries,1 for a total FY19 = $267.6 M (35 percent), the largest proportion 8% commitment amount of $267.6 35% of the portfolio. The Japan–World n MDTF & Others million. 14% Bank Program accounted for $70.1 n Japan–World Bank Program million (26 percent). The ACP–EU Of the active grant portfolio $267.6 M n ACP-EU NDRR NDRR Program accounted for $44.3 as of close of FY19, 202 grants Program million (17 percent) and other EU- n EU Programs were funded through the Multi- 17% funded programs were $37.7 million n Special Programs Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) and 26% in active commitments (14 percent). related core funding windows (55 In addition to activities funded by percent) (see figures 1.1 and 1.2). Figure 1.2 Distribution of Active core funding programs, Special Seventy-nine grants were funded Grants by Funding Window, Programs accounted for $21.1 through the Japan–World Bank FY19 = 369 million (8 percent). Program (21 percent). Fifty-two 4% 6% grants were funded through the 55% 14% n MDTF & Others Across regions, the largest share of ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk n Japan–World active grants covered Sub-Saharan Bank Program Reduction Program (14 percent) 369 Africa, representing 29 percent of n ACP–EU Program and 20 grants were funded through Grants active funding (see figure 2). This n EU Programs other EU programs (6 percent). In was followed by East Asia and n Special Programs addition to the activities funded by 21% Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, core funding windows, 16 grants and South Asia, which each were were funded through the Special Figure 2. Distribution of Active supported through approximately Programs (4 percent). Funding by Region, FY19 11 percent of active funding. 3% Smaller proportions of active 8% n Total funding commitments of 29% AFR funding supported Latin America 11% n Global the active grant portfolio from the n ECA and Caribbean (8 percent); and the $267.6 M n EAP Middle East and North Africa 1 11% This includes countries receiving benefits n SAR (3 percent). Global and cross- from GFDRR grants either through activities n LAC regional activities represented 27 directly implemented in-country or covered n MNA through global or regional activities. 11% 27% percent of active funding.

Throughout the fiscal year, 92 grants Figure 3. Distribution of Grants, FY19 ($38.2 million) reached completion Total = 369 (see figure 3). This is a 41 percent

Global 44 28 20 decrease from FY18, when three MDTFs reached completion, which South Asia 15 18 6 drove the closing of a higher Middle East and North Africa 7 8 2 number of grants during that timeframe.2 Latin America and the Caribbean 20 9 19

2 In FY18, the MDTF TF070611, TF070868, and Europe and Central Asia 21 14 9 TF070948 reached completion. East Asia and Pacific 27 6 18

Africa 38 22 18

0 50 100 n New grants approved n Active grants n Closing grants Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 83

Sources of Funding

Over the fiscal year, 12 donors same period, $50.4 million was million in contributions for GRiF contributed an additional $112.9 received for other core programs, and $3 million in contributions million3 in support of GFDRR’s representing 45 percent of for a new Canada-Caribbean broad-based disaster resilience contributions in FY19. This includes SDTF. Overall contributions were program (see figure 4). Core $22.8 million in contributions for approximately 53 percent higher funding into the MDTF during two new Single-Donor Trust Funds than average annual contributions the fiscal year amounted to (SDTF), the EU-Caribbean SDTF received by GFDRR over the prior $23.4 million, or 21 percent of and EU-Caribbean OCTs SDTF. three years ($71.5 million). Increased overall contributions. During the $39.1 million, or 35 percent of FY19 funding amounts primarily went to contributions, supported Special single donor trust funds and special 3 Before trust fund administration fees of $0.67 Programs. This includes $34.1 programs. million.

Figure 4. Contributions to GFDRR, FY07–19 ($ M)

120

$112.9 $103.5 100 $98.7 $95.2 $91.1

80 $76.5

60 Millions $47.4 $48.8

40 $33.6 $32.3 $34.2

20 $18

$6 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

n EU Programs n Japan–World Bank Program n MDTF and others n Special Programs 84 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Uses of Funding

In FY19, overall GFDRR trust the Secretariat to address slower compared to total expenditures fund disbursements, amounted disbursing activities.4 increased slightly to 8 percent from to approximately $90 million. 7 percent in FY18, when Program 90 percent ($80.3 million) of GFDRR’s program management Management Administration (PMA) disbursements were project and administration expenditures, stood at $6 million. This increase is related (see figure 5). FY19 project which include staff, consultancy due to a deliberate acceleration in disbursements represented a fees, travel, rent, communications, shifting the cost of some activities 5 percent increase compared to information technology, equipment, (including workshops, partnership FY18. GFDRR achieved an annual and other non-overhead costs, events, knowledge exchange, disbursement rate of 60 percent, its were $6.9 million (see figure 6). The and travel) to PMA from project highest in the last six years. This share of program management and resources in anticipation of the was driven by continued progress administration expenditures when forthcoming closure of three large in implementation across most trust funds in FY20–21.5 activities in the portfolio, coupled 4 This included regular monitoring of existing commitments to ensure timely disbursements; with proactive actions taken by reallocation of grant resources to faster 5 In FY20 and FY21, GFDRR’s three largest main disbursing activities; and restructuring of funds—the MDTF (TF072236, parallel fund grants, for example. TF072584), the ACP–EU NDRR SDTF, and the

Figure 5. Project Disbursements, FY14–FY19 90 100 $80 80 $76

70 80 $65 60 $57 60 50 $46 60% 40 $33 40 44% 30

Disbursements ($ M) Disbursements 36% 33% 31% 20 28% 20 Annual disbursements ratio (%) Annual disbursements 10

0 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 6. Distribution of Disbursements, FY19

Program management and administration expenses 8% World Bank Refund to Administration donors 1% Fee 1%

Project disbursements 90% Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 85

New Grant Commitments in FY19

Throughout FY19, the Secretariat new commitments in dollar terms; The average activity size for grant committed a total of $95.3 million to 9 percent of new grants). The Middle activities approved in FY19 was grant activities. This included $83.6 East and North Africa received the approximately $543,000 for both 6 million to 172 new grants and $11.7 smallest share of new support country-based activities and global 7 million provided as additional funds (3 percent of new commitments in engagements. Since FY16, the to scale up 41 ongoing activities. dollar terms; 4 percent of new grants). annual average grant size has been Global activities represented 25 of between $420,000 and $590,000. During the fiscal year 2019, new commitments in dollar terms Africa received the largest share and 26 percent of new grants. Of the $83.6 million newly committed of new support (28 percent new during FY19, about 93 percent ($77.7 commitments in dollar terms; 22 From a funding perspective, the million; 90 percent of new grants) percent of new grants), which is MDTF and related funds accounted related broadly to mainstreaming consistent with FY18 (see figure 7). for $39 million (47 percent) of ex-ante DRM and climate change This was followed by the East Asia funding for new grant commitments adaptation activities, while about and Pacific region (14 percent of (see figure 8). The Japan–World 7 percent ($5.9 million; 10 percent of new commitments in dollar terms; Bank Program accounted for $14.8 new grants) went toward activities 16 percent of new grants); Europe million (18 percent) of funding. linked to post-disaster and resilient and Central Asia (11 percent of The ACP–EU NDRR Program recovery interventions (see figure 9). new commitments in dollar terms; accounted for $13.3 million (16 This is on par with previous fiscal 12 percent of new grants ); Latin percent) and other EU-funded years and represents continued America and the Caribbean (10 programs accounted for $2.1 million emphasis on helping countries percent of new commitments in dollar in new funding (3 percent). Special strengthen resilience to shocks before terms; 12 percent of new grants); and programs provided $14.4 million in disaster strikes. the South Asia region (9 percent of funding for new grant commitments during FY19 (17 percent). 7 This does not include in Just-in-Time grants, first phase of the Japan–World Bank Program which had an average size of $95,000. Core SDTF (TF072129)—will come to completion. program grants had an average size of 6 This includes 22 Just-In-Time grants. $488,000. Special program grants had an average size of $1,247,000.

Figure 7. Distribution of Financing Figure 8. Distribution of Financing Figure 9. New Commitments for New Commitments by Region for New Commitments by Region Approved in FY19 ($ M) ($ M) 7% 47% $20.8 $23.6 17% n MDTF & Others n AFR n Japan–World 3% Bank Program n Support DRM and n Global climate change n ECA n ACP–EU NDRR adaptation $2.5 Programs n EAP 16% n Support resilient $7.4 n SAR n EU Programs recovery $11.6 n LAC n Special $10.9 93% n MNA 18% Programs $9.4 86 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Portfolio Profile and Beneficiaries

During FY19, GFDRR-funded active GFDRR-supported activities had 16 percent of activities. The private grants targeted natural hazards that a range of beneficiary types in sector was also engaged in nearly pose the greatest risks to vulnerable FY19 (see figure 11). Nearly all core 25 percent of activities in FY19. countries. The main natural hazards program active grants (98 percent) addressed through core program benefited government partners Additionally, over 70 percent of grant activities were river flooding through support to, and engagement grants active in FY19 supported (58 percent), earthquake (56 percent), with, ministries of finance, ministries activities at the national level, urban flooding (61 percent), and of public works, national disaster and over 25 percent of activities landslide (46 percent) (see figure 10). management agencies, and other strengthened resilience at the Most grant activities address more partners within partner countries. regional level (34 percent of funding) than one natural hazard, so the Communities were beneficiaries in (see figure 12). Twenty-seven percent numbers shown do not sum to 100 over half of the activities (53 percent) of funding went toward activities percent. and CSOs benefited from about with some engagement at the

Figure 10. FY19 Portfolio—Natural Hazards Addressed

71% 64% 61% 63% 58% 56% 53% 51% 47% 46% 45% 41% 39% 33% 31% 26%28% 28% 23% 25% 23% 19%

9% 6%

Cyclone Tsunami Volcano Wildfire Landslide Earthquake Extreme heat River flooding Urban flooding Water scarcity Other hazards Coastal flooding n Grant contribution % n Funding contibution %

Figure 11. Beneficiaries of FY19 Grant Activities Figure 12. FY19 Portfolio Coverage Level (by portfolio $) 72% 72%

Government 98%

Community 52%

Academia 30% 34% 34% 32% 31% 27% Private sector 24% 27% 22% 22%

CSO 16% 15% 11%

NGO 16%

Global Regional National Subnational Municipality n n % Funding % Grants Local/community Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 87

municipal level, a 15 percent increase recent disaster events. For example, risks in infrastructure and service over FY18. funding supported the government improvements in vulnerable of Mozambique’s response and communities in Tajikistan; and Ten countries accounted for $54.5 recovery following Cyclone Idai; strengthening synergies between million of in-country grant support the government of India in recovery DRM and social protection in (20 percent of overall commitments) planning in Kerala and Odisha Mozambique. (see figure 13). Many of these grant following flooding events; and the activities support integrated risk government of Indonesia following In-kind Support via Staff Exchanges information and preparedness the Sulawesi earthquake. and Secondments efforts, with an increased focus GFDRR’s program benefits from on financial protection and urban During FY19, top recipients of new in-kind resources that several donors resilience. Examples include a in-country commitments were newly funded activity to strengthen Mozambique ($9.1 million for seven have made available in the form of financial protection in Mozambique; grants), Indonesia ($3.2 million for secondments and staff exchanges. support to build urban resilience and three grants), Vietnam ($2.4 for four In FY19, GFDRR hosted four staff strengthen critical infrastructure in grants), Turkey ($2.2 million for five members from the governments Turkey; and ongoing engagements to grants), India ($1.7 million for four of Germany, Japan, Sweden, and strengthen hydrometeorological and grants), and Somalia ($1.4 million Switzerland. This exchange of early warning services in Bhutan, the for two grants). Examples of newly staff helped strengthen GFDRR’s DRC, and Serbia. As in FY18, many funded activities include those technical expertise, particularly its other activities helping countries increasing the resilience of Vietnam’s thematic initiatives, and provided within the top 10 group went urban and coastal areas; enhancing partners with opportunities to toward supporting recovery and the capacity and awareness of establish more direct connections reconstruction efforts emerging from stakeholders to incorporate disaster with the Secretariat’s work.

Figure 13. FY19 Active Commitments: Top In-Country Support Total = $54.5 M

Mozambique 9.1

Serbia 8.5

Vietnam 7.1

Congo DRC 6.0

Indonesia 5.5

India 4.9

Bhutan 4.0

Kyrgyz Republic 3.8

Myanmar 3.0

Turkey 2.7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Millions 88 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Portfolio Results

This is the second fiscal year of GFDRR’s Logical Framework and platform, GFDRR tracks the progress reporting results on the GFDRR Results Framework of its core program–funded grant partnership, as anchored in Developed in FY18 to guide portfolio. implementing the Facility’s FY18–21 its strategy, GFDRR’s Logical Monitoring Grant Progress Strategy. This section outlines Framework establishes four progress and achievements of the objectives for the Facility. These are: The data presented in this section is partnership, as measured against • Strategic Objective 1: Evidence derived primarily from monitoring GFDRR’s results framework and and knowledge on effective reports for core program–funded targets. It also highlights where disaster and climate resilience grants active in FY19. During there is high demand for GFDRR approaches are shared for the fiscal year, GFDRR had two support to help countries build improved policy and practice. reporting periods covering July to greater resilience to natural hazards December 2018 and January to June and climate change, and notes where • Strategic Objective 2: Risk- 2019. Grant recipients submitted improvements are needed. The goal informed development is progress updates against GFDRR’s of this results section is to inform the adopted at national, subnational, results framework and key data partnership about progress during and community levels, using points through the Facility’s grant FY19 and facilitate decision making. integrated and participatory monitoring platform at each It is not to assess longer term approaches. reporting period. impact, which is a role performed by • Strategic Objective 3: commissioned evaluations. Governments in vulnerable This platform is an internal tool countries have access to for monitoring grant progress and This section presents results based on additional investments for scaling collecting lessons learned from grant monitoring data from GFDRR core up disaster and climate resilience implementation. It includes real- programs. It does not include special building. time financial data linked directly programs or just-in-time grants, • Strategic Objective 4: Disaster to World Bank systems, and output which use a separate M&E system. It preparedness and resilient and outcome data that are self- includes: recovery capacity is increased reported by GFDRR grant recipients. • Evidence of contributions to at national, subnational, and Grant recipients routinely attach support developing countries community levels. project documentation to verify in implementing the Sendai grant performance claims. The data Framework for Disaster Risk The Logical Framework outlines the collected through the platform are Reduction 2015–2030; causal pathway through which the reviewed for quality and analyzed Facility expects to make progress • Intermediate outcome results by a team within the Secretariat. toward these objectives and its mapped to each GFDRR strategic vision (see figure 14). Through its objective; Contributions to Implementing the vision and objectives, the Logical Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk • Evidence of portfolio progress Framework is aligned to the Sendai Reduction, 2015–2030 for each Area of Engagement, as Framework for Disaster Risk measured against FY21 targets; and Reduction 2015–2030. The Secretariat monitors how the GFDRR partnership indirectly • An update on GFDRR’s contributes to helping developing evaluation program. GFDRR’s results framework includes a results chain of inputs, outputs, countries implement the Sendai and outcomes with indicators for Framework for Disaster Risk monitoring output- and outcome- Reduction. This includes tracking level grant performance. With the indirect contributions to both the use of its internal grant monitoring Sendai Framework’s seven global Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 89

Figure 14. GFDRR Logical Framework

Sendai Framework The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries.

GFDRR’s Vision A world where resilient societies manage and adapt to ever-changing disaster and climate risk, and where the human and economic impact of disasters is reduced.

Contributes to Sendai Contributes to Contributes to Contributes to Sendai Framework Priorities Sendai Framework Priority 1 Sendai Framework Priority 2 Sendai Framework Priority 3 priorities 3 & 4

OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 OBJECTIVE 3 OBJECTIVE 4 Strategic Sharing evidence and Risk-informed Governments have access Disaster preparedness and objectives knowledge on resilience development is adopted at to additional investments resilient recovery capacity approaches all levels increased

1.1 Risk profiles and hazard 2.1 Capacity for risk-informed 3.1 Additional financing for 4.1 Early warning systems Operating maps accessible and policy formulation in resilience investments and hydromet services principles utilized. formal institutions from national and sub- strengthened. 1.2 Knowledge products strengthened. national governments, 4.2 Vulnerable individuals Demand-driven development partners, to support disaster 2.2 Understanding and/ covered by social Approach and climate resilience or responsiveness to and/or the private sector protection systems in the utilized. gender and socially- mobilized. event of a disaster. Leveraging 1.3 Innovative solutions differentiated risks 3.2 Design and/or 4.3 Financial resilience of Finance and increased. implementation of for addressing natural governments and private Development hazards and climate 2.3 Use of disaster and DRM investments by sector increased.

national and subnational TIME Policy change risk utilized. climate risk information 4.4 Understanding and/ governments and/or 1.4 Good practices, in decision making and or responsiveness to development partners Inclusive Approach evidence, and results policy change increased. gender-sensitive needs enabled. Outcomes demonstrating effective 2.4 Civil society and in preparedness planning Gender disaster and climate communities, including and/or resilient recovery Mainstreaming resilience disseminated. vulnerable groups, increased. 1.5 Partnerships and engaged in policy 4.5 Civil society and Addressing knowledge exchange formulation. communities engaged in Disaster facilitated. 2.5 Planning, regulation, preparedness planning and Climate Risk and infrastructure risk- and/or resilient recovery. informed. 4.6 Government capacity to Knowledge and 2.6 Vulnerable groups conduct post-disaster Good Practice empowered to manage assessments and/ disaster and climate or resilient recovery Results-oriented change risks. planning strengthened. Approach

GFDRR grant activities lead to three types of outputs: Technical advisory services | Capacity building | Analytical and knowledge products and tools Outputs Areas of Engagement: Using science and innovation for DRM | Promoting resilient infrastructure | Scaling up resilience of cities | Strengthening hydromet services and early warning systems | Deepening financial protection | Building resilience at community levels | Deepening engagements in resilience to climate change | Enabling resilient recovery

GFDRR provides grant financing, and mobilizes technical experts through its strategic partnerships Inputs with the World Bank Group, national governments, and development partners.

targets8 and four Priorities for Action outline areas requiring focused 3 percent of the portfolio contributed (see tables 1 and 2). The targets action by countries within and across to all seven targets, including grant assess global progress toward the sectors at local, national, regional, activities building inclusive flood Framework’s expected long-term and global levels. management in Sri Lanka, increasing outcomes, whereas the priorities the safety and resilience of critical Data analyses confirm that all infrastructure in Colombia, and 8 In FY18, indicators were announced for the GFDRR-funded grants contribute enabling risk reduction investments global community to track progress toward achieving the Sendai Framework’s seven to at least one Sendai Framework in the Philippines. Thirteen percent targets. Due to the role of the Facility within target and Priority for Action (see contributed to all Priorities for the Sendai Framework and the target’s long timeframe, GFDRR does not use these tables 1 and 2), demonstrating that Action, including grant activities indicators to monitor the progress of its the full portfolio is aligned with strengthening emergency response portfolio overall. See 48(d) in the Sendai helping countries achieve this global management and resilience in the Framework https://www.preventionweb.net /publications/view/43291. agreement by 2030. Additionally, Seychelles, improving the resilience 90 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

and affordability of roads and was also seen in funding support, from 125 countries in FY18.9 bridges in Latin America, and including a 14 percent growth in This includes GFDRR support to helping develop strategies and indirect contributions to Target B, strengthen resilience to disaster and options for scaling DRM in ECA from 51 percent in FY18 to 58 percent climate risk for conflict and fragile countries. in FY19. states with inherently complex operating environments, including In addition, analyses indicate growth Analysis shows there was a 2 percent Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan, and in indirect contributions to most average increase from FY18 levels Yemen. Sendai Framework targets. This was in funding support contributing led by indirect grant contributions to all Sendai Framework Priorities to Target B, which grew 13 percent, for Action. It also shows a rise in 9 Unless otherwise indicated, numbers of from 46 percent in FY18 to 52 percent the number of countries covered countries presented in this results section in FY19, and Target D, which grew within each priority area, for an include countries that receive benefits from GFDRR grants, either through activities 9 percent, from 45 percent in FY18 average of 134 countries in FY19 directly implemented in-country or covered to 49 percent in FY19. This increase through global or regional activities.

Table 1. GFDRR Contributions to Sendai Framework Global Targets

Sendai Framework Global Targets GFDRR Portfolio Target A: Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower • 30 percent of grants indirectly contribute average per 100,000 global mortality between 2020–2030 compared with 2005–2015. • Supported through 37 percent of funding • Grants covering 122 countries Target B: Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming • 52 percent of grants indirectly contribute to lower the average global figure per 100,000 between 2020–2030 compared with • Supported through 58 percent funding 2005–2015. • Grants covering 129 countries Target C: Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global GDP by 2030. • 42 percent of grants indirectly contribute • Supported through 45 percent funding • Grants covering 119 countries Target D: Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption • 49 percent of grants indirectly contribute of basic services, among them health and educational facilities, including through • Supported through 46 percent funding developing their resilience by 2030. • Grants covering 117 countries Target E: Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster • 28 percent of grants indirectly contribute risk reduction strategies by 2020. • Supported through 34 percent funding • Grants covering 125 countries Target F: Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries • 17 percent of grants indirectly contribute through adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for • Supported through 16 percent funding implementation of this framework by 2030. • Grants covering 109 countries Target G: Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early • 35 percent of grants indirectly contribute warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to the people by 2030. • Supported through 45 percent funding • Grants covering 122 countries Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 91

Table 2. GFDRR Alignment with Sendai Framework Priorities for Action

Sendai Framework Priorities for Action GFDRR Contributions Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk • Aligns with GFDRR Strategic Objectives 1 and 2 • 62 percent of GFDRR grants contribute through 71 percent of funding • Grants covering 134 countries Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage • Aligns with GFDRR Strategic Objective 2 disaster risk • 54 percent of GFDRR grants contribute through 66 percent of funding • Grants covering 135 countries Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience • Aligns with GFDRR Strategic Objectives 3 and 4 • 59 percent of GFDRR grants contribute through 65 percent of funding • Grants covering 131 countries Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective • Aligns with GFDRR Strategic Objective 4 response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, • 42 percent of GFDRR grants contribute through 43 percent of funding rehabilitation, and reconstruction • Grants covering 138 countries

Outcome-Level Results in Cameroon is utilizing drones action group leading to improved and crowdsourcing data to obtain risk governance. Table 3 outlines GFDRR’s information for developing hazard intermediate outcome-level results of maps. An analysis of the data also For progress toward Strategic grant activities funded through core demonstrates a continued high Objective 3, please see the section programs, as mapped against the demand for knowledge exchange on “Leveraging Development Logical Framework’s four strategic activities, with 44 percent of grants Financing” (pg. 98). objectives. Most grants report reporting support of this kind. progress toward multiple strategic Toward Strategic Objective 4, data objectives. Toward Strategic Objective 2, over analyses showed that 17 percent of 50 percent of grants supported in-country and global grant activities Toward Strategic Objective 1, 47 country-level risk-informed policy contributed to strengthening early percent of grants helped make risk formulation. As noted in table 3, warning systems and hydromet or hazard information accessible activities have contributed to helping services, covering 102 countries. and utilized. The results data show 128 countries improve government This is an increase over FY18, where continued high demand from institutional capacity in disaster grant activities helped 88 countries developing countries for grant and climate risk–informed policy in this area. Additionally, results support for DRM activities around design and analysis. Additionally, indicate grants have continued identification and communication of grant activities have contributed helping developing countries risk information. to helping 130 countries improve increase financial resilience through risk governance. For example, supporting risk insurance programs, The data also confirm a high a GFDRR-funded grant helping sovereign disaster risk financing, and demand for assistance to use new scale up and improve the safety establishing emergency contingency technologies, with 41 percent of of school infrastructure in Eastern financing mechanisms. During the grants reporting support of this Europe has implemented a risk- FY19, 12 percent of grant activities kind. Many of these grants are based prioritization framework contributed to increased financial utilizing technology and nature- for investment plans to maximize protection of governments in case of based solutions in innovative child safety in the event of an natural disasters. ways to tackle risk. For example, earthquake. In Brazil’s Porto Alegre a grant supporting the integration municipality, a GFDRR grant has An analysis of FY19 results shines of climate and disaster risk supported the creation of a joint a light on underrepresented areas considerations into spatial planning community and city government where there is opportunity for 92 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

the Facility to scale up further. risk–informed social protection planning documents that Specifically: systems. This is a relatively included the needs of individuals new area of grant support for based on gender, disability, and • Five percent of grant activities GFDRR, but one that is widely socioeconomic status. supported resilient recovery acknowledged as critically • 18 percent of grants supported training and capacity building. important to resilience building. increased citizen engagement in • Five percent of grant support • Seven percent of grant activities disaster and climate resilience– has contributed to disaster supported policy and/or related policy reform.

Table 3. FY19 Outcome-Level Results

Strategic Objective 1: Evidence and knowledge on effective disaster and climate resilience approaches are shared for improved policy and practice.

Intermediate Outcomes FY19 Results 1.1 Risk profiles and hazard maps accessible • 139 countries supported to have accessible, understandable, and usable disaster risk and utilized. information and assessments • 47 percent of grants contributed to making risk or hazard information accessible and utilized • 26 percent of grants supported the creation or utilization of risk profiles or hazard maps 1.2 Knowledge products to support disaster • 33 percent of grant activities supported the utilization of knowledge products for disaster and climate resilience utilized. and climate resilience 1.3 Innovative solutions for addressing • 41 percent of grant activities supported utilizing innovative solutions for addressing natural hazards and climate change risk natural hazard and/or climate change risk utilized. 1.4 Good practices, evidence, and results • 44 GFDRR commissioned publications were made available and accessible on the demonstrating effective disaster and climate Facility’s website resilience disseminated. 1.5 Knowledge exchange activities • 44 percent of grants supported facilitating international, regional, and/or bilateral facilitated. knowledge exchange activities • Approximately 1,100 international, regional, and/or bilateral knowledge exchange activities facilitated Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 93

Table 3. FY19 Outcome-Level Results (cont)

Strategic Objective 2: Risk-informed development is adopted at national, subnational, and community levels, using integrated and participatory approaches.

Intermediate Outcomes FY19 Results 2.1 Capacity for risk-informed • 130 countries supported for improved disaster risk governance policy formulation in formal • 128 countries supported for improved government institutional capacity in disaster and climate institutions strengthened. risk–informed policy design and analysis 2.2 Understanding and/or • 7 percent of grant activities supported policy and/or planning documents that include the needs of responsiveness to gender and individuals based on gender, disability, and socioeconomic status socially differentiated risks increased. 2.3 Use of disaster and climate • 51 percent of grant activities contributed to risk-informed policy formulation or decision making risk information in decision making and policy change increased. 2.4 Civil society and • 18 percent of grant activities supported increased citizen engagement in disaster and climate communities, including resilience–related policy reform vulnerable groups, engaged in policy formulation. 2.5 Planning, regulation, and • 44 percent of grants supported risk-informed planning, regulation, and/or infrastructure infrastructure risk-informed. – 38 grant activities helped strengthened building codes at the national or local government level – 55 grant activities helped strengthen land use planning systems at national or local government level – 124 grant activities helped incorporate DRM measures into infrastructure at national or local government level 2.6 Vulnerable groups • 48 grant activities helped empower vulnerable groups to manage disaster and climate change risks empowered to manage disaster and climate change risks.

Strategic Objective 3: Governments in vulnerable countries have access to additional investments for scaling up disaster and climate resilience building.

Intermediate Outcomes FY19 Results 3.1 Additional financing for • $7.6 billion leveraged through $26.1 million in GFDRR funding (35 grants)10 resilience investments from national and subnational governments, and/or development partners mobilized.

10 This figure captures additional development financing approved in FY19 leveraged by new or ongoing grants. Please see the “Leveraging Development Financing” section (pg. 98) for a description of the methodology used and a list of projects leveraged by GFDRR grants in FY19. 94 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Table 3. FY19 Outcome-Level Results (cont)

Strategic Objective 4: Disaster preparedness and resilient recovery capacity is increased at national, subnational, and community levels. Intermediate Outcomes FY19 Results 4.1 Early warning systems and • 17 percent of grant activities contributed to increased access to high-quality early warning systems hydromet services strengthened. (EWS) and hydromet services • 102 countries supported to strengthen EWS and hydromet services 4.2 Vulnerable individuals • 5 percent of grant activities contributed to disaster risk-informed social protection systems covered by social protection systems in the event of disaster. 4.3 Financial resilience of • 12 percent of grant activities contributed to increased financial protection of governments in case of governments and private sector natural disasters increased. 4.4 Understanding and/or • 1,202 people trained through participation in gender-sensitive post-disaster assessment, and/or responsiveness to gender- recovery planning methodologies sensitive needs in preparedness planning and/or resilient recovery increased. 4.5 Civil society and • 16 percent of grant activities engaged on preparedness planning and/or resilient recovery included communities engaged in civil society or community groups preparedness planning and/or resilient recovery. 4.6 Capacity to conduct post- • 5 percent of grant activities supported resilient recovery training and capacity building disaster assessments and/ or resilient recovery planning strengthened.

Areas of Engagement Progress • In some areas, there has been • The fast pace of progress against greater demand than anticipated these targets suggests they need GFDRR has measured the progress when targets were established in to be revisited. That will be done of its FY19 portfolio against the FY17, for example, in the areas of as part of the ongoing work targets set in the FY18–21 Strategy risk information, urban resilience, developing the next GFDRR for the eight Areas of Engagement. financial protection, and climate strategy, a process which is As shown in table 4, nearly all targets resilient investments. being accelerated per agreement have been met or exceeded. This by Consultative Group (CG) finding indicates the following: • Certain programs, such as safer schools engagements, achieved members in May 2019. • Some FY21 targets now look to be greater scale than originally conservative. anticipated due to strategic use of resources and efficiency gains. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 95

Table 4. Progress toward FY21 Targets

Areas of Engagement Results Indicator FY18 Results FY19 Results Target (FY21) Hazard, exposure, and risk datasets and/or geospatial 2,100 1,171 500 Promoting open access to layers developed (#) risk information People trained to use risk tools for decision making (#) 5,375 8,088 2,000 Countries with safer school engagements (#) 44 45 30 Promoting resilient Classrooms made safer from disasters (#) 28,750 766,830 200,000 infrastructure Expected student beneficiaries (#) 4.8 million 18 million 7 million Scaling up the resilience 45+ 60 30 Cities working on resilient development investments (#) of cities Deepening financial Government officials trained in financial protection and 966 1,251 500 protection direct and indirect insurance programs (#) Building resilience People that have access to coverage of adaptive social 3.1 million 5 million 15 million at community levels protection (#) Strengthening hydromet 51 million 75 million 100 million services and early warning Expected final beneficiaries (#) systems Government officials trained on PDNA and/or recovery 615 691 1,000 Enabling resilient recovery planning and coordination (#) Deepening engagements Total climate resilience investments enabled by $1.7 billion $2.8 billion11 $3 billion in resilience to climate development partners ($) change Countries with climate resilience investments enabled (#) 51 31 25

Evaluation During FY19, an independent from small island states to share evaluation was completed on the innovative and transformative In FY19, GFDRR increased its first phase of the Small Island climate resilience practices. Findings focus on understanding the States Resilience Initiative (SISRI). are being used to inform future impact of the partnership through It found the initiative moderately activities focused on SIDS. evaluation. In consultation with the satisfactory at meeting its planned Technical Advisory Group (TAG) objectives during the first three years A review of GFDRR-funded risk on Monitoring and Evaluation of operation (2015–2018). While assessment projects over 2014–19 (M&E), the Secretariat developed evaluation findings showed the was conducted to understand an evaluation policy for GFDRR. initiative did not meet its target to emerging challenges and trends, and This policy articulates how and why scale up climate finance for small to formulate best practice guidelines evaluation is used within GFDRR, island developing states (SIDS) for future activities. The review with a focus on learning. It will nor significantly improve donor provides practical recommendations support increased communication fragmentation, it was found to and best practice for conducting and dissemination of evaluation support evidence-based analytical risk assessments for the World Bank findings to stakeholders to maximize work. This resulted in innovative and global community. Some of the the use of and improve the overall methodologies to plan for long-term findings include the importance quality of GFDRR’s programming. resilient development, mobilize of agreement by all stakeholders The evaluation policy was endorsed financial resources from the Green on the purpose and scope of the by the CG in May 2019 and will be Climate Fund, and establish a risk assessments; full transparency implemented beginning FY20. robust community of practitioners into model results—including on

11 FY19 results based on analysis of World Bank climate co-benefits data. 96 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

the uncertainties, limitations, and Additionally, an evaluation pipeline • A mid-term review of the Disaster assumptions; an open data policy for FY19–21 was developed. Risk Finance Analytics Program for organizations conducting risk Ongoing and forthcoming SDTF. assessments; the development of evaluations include: • An inaugural review of closed interoperable data and data portals GFDRR grants that will look at targeted at non-experts; and the need • A review of the FY18–21 strategy grants funded through GFDRR’s to develop open source risk models that will inform development of a Social Resilience Program. and build the capacity of countries to new strategy. • A retrospective review of DRM develop and maintain their own risk • An evaluation of the GFDRR models. projects in the Pacific with MDTF, which will come to community resilience measures completion in December 2020. incorporated into their design. Findings of the evaluation will inform implementation of the new MDTF. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 97

Mainstreaming Gender and Citizen Engagement

Portfolio Performance Mainstreaming The FY19 portfolio shows a slower Gender and DRM online training, of Gender and Citizen Engagement rate of improvement in gender which will help practitioners mainstreaming among newly GFDRR monitors the progress and design more gender-responsive approved grants compared to FY17 results on mainstreaming gender operations and better assess the and FY18 (see table 5). Progress equality, women’s empowerment, quality of those interventions. made in FY17 and FY18 helped and citizen engagement through its raise awareness on the need for a grants to ensure that the GFDRR Mainstreaming Citizen Engagement more inclusive gender approach Gender Action Plan 2016–2021 (GAP) within the GFDRR Portfolio to DRM. However, the Secretariat and GFDRR Citizen Engagement found the lack of meaningful data, The CEAP’s objective is to promote a Action Plan 2019–2023 (CEAP) are analytics, and understanding of more systematic and results-focused implemented. what engendered DRM entails approach to the analysis, design, implementation, and monitoring Mainstreaming Gender Equality and constrained the Facility’s ability to Women’s Empowerment within the measure the depth of gender work and evaluation of the integration GFDRR Portfolio within the portfolio and advance of citizen engagement within the agenda at the pace expected. GFDRR’s activities. The monitoring The GAP accompanies the World and results reporting of the CEAP Bank Group’s Gender Strategy As a corrective measure, in FY19 is aligned with the updated Logical FY16–23 with the objective to move GFDRR funded analytical products Framework and Results Framework the World Bank’s development work in the Caribbean, Pacific, and to ensure GFDRR-wide monitoring beyond gender mainstreaming to Europe and Central Asia that will and reporting of progress on citizen outcomes and results. In FY19, 59 provide a better understanding engagement. In FY19, 65 percent percent of new grants were gender- of gender dynamics and social of new grants included citizen informed. Of these, 59 percent of norms affecting DRM interventions engagement in their design, an new grants had undertaken gender in specific countries and regions, increase of 8 percent compared to analysis or considered existing allow for the collection of sex FY18 (see table 6). Of those, 41 percent gender analysis to inform the grant’s disaggregated data, and identify design and/or implementation. entry points to empower women included consultations with citizens/ Thirty-six percent of new grants and increase their representation communities, 27 percent included included specific actions to reduce in decision-making bodies. This citizens/communities in planning gender gaps. Finally, 13 percent evidence will help inform more and decision making, and 17 percent of the approved grants included inclusive and gender-responsive of the grants supported citizen/ indicators to measure the progress in DRM interventions on the ground. community control over planning outcomes between women and men. Additionally, GFDRR developed a decisions and investment resources.

Table 5. Gender Engagement

Gender Gender Results Indicators FY17 FY18 FY19 Percentage of approved gender-informed grants (%) 70 72 59 Percentage of approved grants that include gender actions (%) 42 39 56

Table 6. Citizen Engagement

Results indicators FY18 FY19 Percentage of grants that include citizen engagement in their design (%) 57 65 Percentage of grants that include consultations with citizens (%) 37 41 Percentage of grants that engaged citizens in planning and decision making (%) 25 27 Percentage of grants that support citizen control over planning decisions and investment resources (%) 15 17 98 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Leveraging Development Financing GFDRR strategically focuses its grant financing in areas where there is a high likelihood to leverage other resources for scaling up disaster and climate resilience operations. In FY19, GFDRR’s funding and/or technical assistance leveraged over $7.6 billion in additional financing (see table 7). This is a 25 percent increase over FY18. Of this, nearly $5.3 billion (69 percent) was leveraged through GFDRR’s partnership with the World Bank. About $2.3 billion (31 percent) was leveraged from national governments (e.g., governments of Kenya and India), bilateral donors and other development banks (e.g., KfW), and other partners (e.g., private sector).

Since FY17, GFDRR has asked grant recipients to self-report on the way grant activities have leveraged additional funding by the World Bank, national governments, and/or other development partners. GFDRR categorizes the way in which its activities have leveraged in three ways: (i) informing; (ii) enabling; or (iii) co-finance investments. These categories are defined below.

(i) Informing the mobilization of resources from national governments or development partners. For example, a GFDRR grant funds the development of a knowledge product, risk assessment, post-disaster assessment, or recovery plan that provides analytical work or evidence which helps to influence the design of a larger investment. This occurs when a GFDRR-funded activity or product lays the groundwork for conceiving a larger investment. It occurs at early stages of project preparation, while the larger investment is being designed, developed, and discussed with government counterparts.

In FY19, GFDRR activities informed nearly $4.5 billion in leveraging (59 percent of total leveraging). Of this, a significant amount of financing was related to a social and economic inclusion project in Kenya and urban development–related projects in China.

(ii) Enabling development financing by directly supporting the design and/or implementation of a DRM operation from national governments or development partners. For example, funding staff time to work on designing DRM projects at the World Bank or integrating DRM as a component in a development project. This occurs when a GFDRR grant funds analytical work or technical advisory inputs that complement the preparation or implementation of a project.

In FY19, GFDRR activities helped enable $2.7 billion in DRM financing (39 percent of total leveraging). Of this, most financing occurred through a project in Indonesia reconstructing public facilities and housing following the Sulawesi earthquake; a project in India improving the safety and operational performance of dams; and projects in Sub-Saharan Africa addressing urban development, social safety nets, and livelihoods.

(iii) Co-financing DRM operations with other development partners to increase the scale of interventions. For example, GFDRR funds may complement financing from the World Bank, donor countries, and/or UN agencies. This typically occurs at the time the project is being designed and structured.

In FY19, GFDRR engagements were linked to nearly $452 million in co-financing activities (6 percent of total leveraging). This includes co-financing a project in Iraq improving the realization and commercial efficiency of electricity services, and a project in Honduras improving access to markets and climate-smart practices for economic inclusion. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 99

Detailed information on funding leveraged during FY19 can be found in table 7.

Table 7. Development Finance Leveraged through FY19 Portfolio by Region and Leveraging Type

Leveraging Funding Source ($M) Type Country Project Name $ WB $ Non-WB Africa Government of Ethiopia Resilient Landscapes and Ethiopia/ Ethiopia 100 IDA 10/6.3 Livelihoods Project (P163383) Free-Standing Trust Fund For SDN Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Ghana 200 IDA Development Project (P164330) Government of Kenya Social and Economic Inclusion 1,010.4 Kenya/ Informing Kenya 250 IDA Project (P164654) /85.8 Free-standing Co- financing Trust Fund 2nd Additional Financing to Emergency Mozambique 13 IDA Resilient Recovery Project (P166063) Niger Adaptive Safety Net Project 2 Niger 80 IDA (P166602) Somalia Urban Resilience Project Somalia Multi- Somalia 9 (P163857) Partner Fund Benin Stormwater Management and Urban Government of Benin 100 IDA 2.3 Resilience Project (P167359) Benin Strengthening Climate Resilience in Government of Burkina Faso 8.5 IDA 2 Burkina Faso (P164078) Burkina Faso Cabo Verde Disaster Risk Management IDA/ Cabo Verde Development Policy Financing with CAT 5 / 5 IBRD DDO (P160628) Madagascar Social Safety Net Project Madagascar 90 IDA Additional Financing (P167881) Enabling Malawi Disaster Risk Management Devel- Malawi opment Policy Financing with CAT DDO 70 IDA (P165056) Mozambique Disaster Risk Management Government of Mozambique 90 IDA 36.3 and Resilience Program (P166437) Mozambique Integrated and Resilient Urban Mobility Government of Sierra Leone 50 IDA 2 Project (P164353) Sierra Leone Togo Infrastructure and Urban Development Togo 30 IDA Project (P161772) Subtotal 1,091.5 1170.1 Region Total 2,261.6 100 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Leveraging Funding Source ($M) Type Country Project Name $ WB $ Non-WB East Asia and Pacific Government of Shaanxi Sustainable Towns Development China/Germany: China 100 IBRD 88.6/50 Project (P162623) Kreditanstalt Fur Wiederaufbau (KFW) Gansu Revitalization and Innovation Government of China 180 IBRD 132.6 Informing Project (P158215) China Government of Green Urban Financing and Innovation China 200 IBRD 148/172 China/Germany: Project (P158124) KFW Solomon Solomon Islands Roads and Aviation Government of 51 IDA 3.6 Islands Project (P166622) Solomon Islands Central Sulawesi Rehabilitation and Indonesia 150 IBRD Reconstruction Project (P169403) Additional Financing for the Pacific Marshall Government of Resilience Project under the Pacific 2.5 IDA 0.4 Islands Marshall Islands Resilience Program (P166974) Second Resilience Development Policy Samoa 13.7 IDA Operation with CAT DDO (P165928) Samoa Pacific Resilience Project under Government of Samoa Pacific Resilience Program Additional 2.5 IDA 0.4 Samoa Enabling Finance (P167152) Government of Additional Financing for The Pacific Tonga/Australia- Tonga Resilience Project Under the Pacific 15 IDA 0.4/2 Pacific Islands Resilience Program (P167166) Partnership Skills and Employment for Tongans Australia-Pacific Tonga 18.5 IDA 2.4 (P161541) Islands Partnership Vanuatu Disaster Risk Management Vanuatu Development Policy Grant with CAT DDO 10 IDA (P168749) Integrating Disaster Risk Management in Co-financing China 50 Germany: KFW the China Urban Portfolio (P169232) Subtotal 880.2 714.5 Region Total 1,594.7 Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 101

Leveraging Funding Source ($M) Type Country Project Name $ WB $ Non-WB Europe and Central Asia Central Asia Hydrometeorology Central Asia Modernization Project Additional Financing 11.5 IDA (P164780) Strengthening Preparedness and Critical Romania Emergency Infrastructure Project 45.6 IBRD (P168120) Improving Resilience and Emergency Romania 57 IBRD Informing Response Project (P168119) Tajikistan Socio-Economic Resilience Tajikistan 37 IDA Strengthening Project (P168052) Medium-Size Cities Integrated Urban Government of Uzbekistan 100 IBRD 20 Development Project (P162929) Uzbekistan Western Western Balkans Trade and Transport 90 IBRD Balkans Facilitation (P162043) Strengthening Disaster Risk Management Romania 60.5 IBRD Project (P166302) Enabling Sustainable Cities Project 2—Additional Government of Turkey 560.6 IBRD 1.1 Financing (P170612) Turkey Third Phase of The Central Asia Regional Co-financing Central Asia 55 IDA Links Program (P159220) Subtotal 1,017.2 21.1 Region Total 1,038.3

Latin America and the Caribbean Additional Financing Dominica Disaster Dominica 31 IDA Vulnerability Reduction Project (P166540) Government of Informing Ecuador Social Safety Net (P167416) 350 IBRD 37.3 Ecuador Guatemala DRM Development Policy Loan Guatemala 200 IBRD with CAT DDO II (P159710) El Salvador Local Economic Resilience El Salvador 200 IBRD Government Project (P169125) Strengthening DRM and Climate Resilience Government of Enabling Haiti 35 IDA Project (P165870) Turkey Saramacca Canal System Rehabilitation Suriname 35 IBRD Project (P165973) Government Integrating Innovation for Rural Com- of Honduras/ Co-financing Honduras petitiveness in Honduras—Comrural II 75 IDA 18.4/53.5 private capital (P168385) and commercial financing Subtotal 926 109.2 Region Total 1,035.2 102 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Leveraging Funding Source ($M) Type Country Project Name $ WB $ Non-WB Middle East and North Africa Iraq Electricity Services Reconstruction and Co-financing Iraq 200 IBRD Enhancement Project (P162454) Subtotal 200 Region Total 200

South Asia Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Afghanistan EQRA (P159378) 100 IDA 198 Fund; Education Informing for All Supervising Entity Bangladesh Sustainable Coastal and Marine Government of Bangladesh 240 IDA 41.6 Fisheries (P161568) Bangladesh AF-ECLIM: Enhancing Hydromet, Early Afghanistan Warning and Climate Services for 2.4 CREWS Resilience (P168141) Livestock and Dairy Development Project Government of Bangladesh 500 IDA 78.7 (P161246) Bangladesh Enabling Dam Rehabilitation & Improvement India Project—Restructuring and Additional 137 IBRD 64.1 Government of India Financing (P166977) Climate Resilience Multi-Phase Government of Sri Sri Lanka 310 IBRD 7 Programmatic Approach (P160005) Lanka Subtotal 1,287 391.7 Region Total 1,678.7 Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 103

Financial Statements STATEMENTS OF RECEIPTS, DISBURSEMENTS AND FUND BALANCE All dollar amounts expressed in US dollars (US) unless otherwise indicated. Financial data of trustees with EUR holding currency are converted to USD for reporting purpose based on the exchange rate on June 30, 2019 (1 EUR = 1.11 USD)

For the fiscal year For the fiscal year For the fiscal year ended June 30th, ended June 30th, ended June 30th, Notes 2019 2018 2017 Opening Balance: 221,259,738 271,516,113 237,243,639

Receipts: Donor contributions 1 112,881,807 34,204,842 103,553,038 Net investment and other incomes 2 5,117,900 1,906,735 1,843,186 Total Receipts 117,999,707 36,111,577 105,396,224

Disbursements: Project disbursements 3 80,295,773 76,378,696 64,868,223 World Bank administration fee 4 669,617 39,959 769,523 Program management and administration expenses 5 6,909,498 6,025,935 4,947,050

Refund to donors 6 1,085,439 1,923,362 538,954.00

Trustee allocation 7 — 2,000,000 — Total Disbursements 88,960,327 86,367,952 71,123,750

Excess of (disbursements over receipts)/ receipts over disbursements 29,039,380 -50,256,375 34,272,474

Ending Balance: Ending balance 250,299,118 221,259,738 271,516,113 Less: Undisbursed commitments 8 144,703,081 106,328,114 115,980,261 Fund Available for new grants 9 102,519,462 114,931,624 155,535,852 104 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

NOTE 1: DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS The following table provides details of contributions receivable by donor.

For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended Contribution Receivable June 30th, 2019 June 30th, 2018 June 30th, 2017 Amount in US$ Donor in US$ in US$ in US$ equivalent Australia 2,879,020 5,999,090 3,713,683 — Austria — 3,208,950 - — Belgium — — 627,088 Canada 2,970,512 — - 12,183,050 European Union 25,977,575 3,810,169 23,362,306 22,185,162 Germany 44,405,567 5,977,407 35,697,500 34,137,000 India 167,000 — — 333,000 Italy 4,553,200 — 2,116,840 — Japan 20,000,000 2,000,000 20,000,000 80,000,000 Luxembourg — 367,321 315,450 Norway 2,661,975 1,614,087 1,538,680 — Serbia 158,267 368,000 — 178,467 Sweden 2,755,428 - 5,406,003 5,391,882 Switzerland 4,011,263 8,076,252 7,378,694 1,000,000 United Kingdom — 2,783,565 1,196,794 7,629,300 United States 2,342,000 - 2,200,000 1,428,000 Total 112,881,807 34,204,841 103,553,038 164,465,861

* Amount in US$ equivalent. The actual US$ equivalent will be based on the exchange rate on the date of the transfer of funds.

The following table provides details of contribution received by main fund

For the fiscal year For the fiscal year For the fiscal year Contribution Main Fund ended June 30th, 2019 ended June 30th, 2018 ended June 30th, 2017 Receivable Track II-MDTF (TF070611) — — 531,250 — Core MDTF (TF072236) — 2,000,000 9,876,525 — Parallel Core MDTF (TF072584) 23,371,500 11,254,283 24,148,523 5,903,349 Japan Program (TF072129) — — 20,000,000 — Japan Program Phase II (TF073236) 20,000,000 — — 80,000,000 ACP-EU NDRR (TF071630) — — 13,123,206 4,100,480 Africa DRF SDTF (TF072281) 1,113,500 — 9,707,850 — EU-SAR SDTF (TF072458) — 2,336,600 — 4,551,600 EU-SERBIA NDRMP SDTF (TF072528) — 1,473,569 — 589,470 EU-DRAF SDTF (TF072535) 2,010,150 — — 682,740 EU-Caribbean OCTs SDTF (TF073230) 1,700,100 — — 1,706,850 EU-Caribbean SDTF (TF073227) 21,153,825 — — 10,554,022 Australia Indo-Pacific SDTF (TF072835) 2,879,020 2,433,590 3,713,683 — GRiF MDTF (TF072858) 34,111,200 8,706,800 22,452,000 41,766,300 USAID-SDTF (TF072896) 1,572,000 — — 1,428,000 Canada-Caribbean SDTF (TF073283) 2,970,512 — — 12,183,050 City Resilience MDTF (TF072921) 2,000,000 6,000,000 — 1,000,000 Total 112,881,807 34,204,842 103,553,037 164,465,861 Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 105

NOTE 2: INVESTMENT AND OTHER INCOME Net investment and other incomes in the amount of $5,117,900 for the fiscal year ended June 30th, 2019.

NOTE 4: WORLD BANK ADMINISTRATIVE FEE In the fiscal year ended June 30th, 2019, The World Bank charged an administrative fee of $669,617 as agreed in the signed Admin Agreements.

NOTE 6: REFUND TO DONORS In fiscal year ended June 30th, 2019, funds in the amont of $1,085,439 were refunded to donors on pro-rata basis.

NOTE 7: TRUSTEE ALLOCATION In the fiscal year ended June 30th, 2019 no funds were transferred from other Trust Funds.

NOTE 3: PROJECT DISBURSEMENTS The following table provides details of the project disbursements by region.

For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended Region June 30th, 2019 June 30th, 2018 June 30th, 2017 Africa 22,800,948 18,627,302 18,987,785 East Asia and Pacific 8,234,429 9,341,374 9,197,151 Europe and Central Asia 8,800,434 9,975,229 4,704,869 Latin America and Caribbean 9,165,888 7,351,273 6,324,919 Middle East and North Africa 2,169,638 3,031,436 2,804,263 South Asia 6,674,510 6,407,826 6,353,708 Global 22,449,926 21,644,256 16,495,528 Total 80,295,773 76,378,696 64,868,223

The following table provides details of the project disbursements by execution type.

For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended Execution type June 30th, 2019 June 30th, 2018 June 30th, 2017 Bank executed 71,731,080 69,144,773 56,053,219 Recipient executed 8,564,693 7,233,923 8,815,004 Total 80,295,773 76,378,696 64,868,223 106 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

NOTE 5: PROGRAM MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION DISBURSEMENTS Program management and administration expenses for the fiscal year 2019 were in the amount of $6,909,498.

The following table provides details of the program management and administration disbursement by expense category.

For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended Expense category June 30th, 2019 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 Staff cost (1) 5,145,524 4,390,287 3,662,345 Short term consultants/ temporary 576,354 684,319 576,345 Travel (2) 455,467 390,314 408,717 Other expenses (3) 732,153 561,015 299,642 Total 6,909,498 6,025,935 4,947,049

(1) Staff Costs included salaries and benefits for GFDRR staff and short term consultant and short term temporary. (2) Travel included travel expenses of GFDRR staff, candidates/interviewees for GFDRR positions, and participants in GFDRR- sponsored events. (3) Other Expenses included overhead expenses, contractual services (e.g., editing, graphic design, translation, publishing and printing), representation, and hospitality. Annual Report 2019 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 107

NOTE 8: UNDISBURSED COMMITMENTS Commitments in the amount of $144,703,081 are outstanding as of end of fiscal year 2019. These are the remaining balance of the funds that GFDRR has approved and committed to implementing units and recipients.

The following table provides details of undisbursed commitments by main fund.

Main Fund For the fiscal year ended June 30th, 2019 ACP-EU (TF071630) 22,135,242 Japan Program Phase I (TF072129) 30,754,321 Japan Program Phase II (TF073236) 9,068,245 Core MDTF (TF072236) 10,966,891 Parallel Core MDTF (TF072584) 32,709,217 Africa DRF SDTF (TF072281) 3,328,701 EU-SAR SDTF (TF072458) 2,036,097 EU-SERBIA NDRMP SDTF (TF072528) 2,270,406 EU-DRAF SDTF (TF072535) 3,283,645 EU-Caribbean OCTs SDTF (TF073230) 1,065,154 EU-Caribbean SDTF (TF073227) 1,327,147 Australia Indo-Pacific SDTF (TF072835) 2,371,398 USAID SDTF (TF072896) 862,894 GRiF MDTF (TF072858) 16,126,182 Canada-Caribbean SDTF (TF073283) 1,378,321 City Resilience MDTF (TF072921) 5,019,220 Total 144,703,081

The following table provides details of undisbursed commitments by region.

Region For the fiscal year ended June 30th, 2019 AFRICA 34,745,603 EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC 20,326,186 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 16,538,386 LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 12,052,966 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 3,408,525 SOUTH ASIA 17,236,865 GLOBAL 40,394,550 Total 144,703,081

The following table provides details of undisbursed commitments by execution type.

Execution Type For the fiscal year ended June 30th, 2019 Bank-Executed TF 122,462,071 Recipient-Executed TF 22,241,010 Total 144,703,081 108 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

NOTE 9: FUND AVAILABLE FOR NEW GRANTS Fund available for new grants in the amount of $102,519,462 are outstanding as of end of fiscal year 2019. These can be used to finance new operational grants, and program management and administration activities. The break-up by main fund is available in the table below.

Main Fund For the fiscal year ended June 30th, 2019 Core MDTF (TF072236) 149,746 Parallel Core MDTF (TF072584) 5,249,738 Japan Program (TF072129) 4,200,535 Japan Program Phase II (TF073236) 11,390,219 ACP-EU NDRR (TF071630) 4,941,654 Africa DRF SDTF (TF072281) 1,116,925 EU-SAR SDTF (TF072458) 245,363 EU-SERBIA NDRMP SDTF (TF072528) 506 EU-DRAF SDTF (TF072535) 10,244 EU-Caribbean OCTs SDTF (TF073230) 427,824 EU-Caribbean SDTF (TF073227) 19,592,430 Australia Indo-Pacific SDTF (TF072835) 6,130,046 GRiF MDTF (TF072858) 47,426,957 USAID-SDTF (TF072896) 213,511 City Resilience MDTF (TF072921) 22,252 Canada-Caribbean SDTF (TF073283) 1,401,512 Total 102,519,462 Bringing resilience to scale The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a global partnership that helps developing countries better understand and reduce their vulnerabilities to natural hazards and adapt to climate change. Working with over 400 local, national, regional, and international partners, GFDRR provides grant financing, technical assistance, training and knowledge sharing activities to mainstream disaster and climate risk management in national and regional policies, strategies, www.gfdrr.org and investment plans. Managed by the World Bank, GFDRR is supported and directed by a Consultative Group that has 18 members and 12 observers.