Names: Karen Pryor EBU No. 400332

Malcolm Pryor EBU No. 065457

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF BIDDING METHODS

ACOL, 11-14 NO , WEAK 2S IN , , 

1NT OPENINGS AND RESPONSES

Strength 11-14 Tick if artificial and provide details below 

Can have good 5 card major or bad 6 card minor. Shape constraints Tick if may have singleton  Will have at least 5 cards in majors 9 Non promissory/ garbage Stayman 2. then 3m is sign off Responses 2. Transfer to hearts1 Transfer to spades1 2 2 1 1 2 Transfer to clubs 2NT Transfer to diamonds

3. = 5 card puppet stayman4 3// natural slam tries; 4. = 5/5+ majors slam Others interest (4/4 = interest, 4 = no interest (relay to 4 for pass or correct)); 4 = 5/5+ majors no slam interest

5 Action after opponents double Helvic 11 whenever game is possible Action after other interference TWO-LEVEL OPENINGS AND RESPONSES

Meaning Responses

2 . Continuations: 2 = Kokish12 Game forcing or semi-balanced 20-21 3/3 sets suit (responses note 30) 2. (may contain singleton honour) 2/ = to play opposite 20-21 After interference see note 31 2NT inquiry2 including over interference  Subsequent new suit = cue agreeing Weak in seats 1-2 (5-9, 6+ V, 5+ NV) 2 opener’s suit Weak with leeway in 3rd (up to 12 Immediate new suit forcing (inv. Over

2 points, 5+ cards) interference)

2 th24  New suit from opener then shortage & Int. in 4 support

Jump in new suit = splinter (except 2-4) 3. = 5 card puppet stayman4 Red suit transfers13 22-bad25 points semi-balanced 2NT 3 both minors slam try (at least 5/4, good May contain singleton honour suits) 29 Last updated 27.8.18 4 suit = transfer slam tries

. COMPETITIVE AUCTIONS

Agreements after opening of one of a suit and by opponents

Level to which negative doubles apply 7 New Suit= simple forcing 5+cds , Cue = sound Special meaning of bids raise, Jump in unbid suit = fit16, Jump in opponents suit = splinter15

After 1.-(1),1/1 can be 4 card and X Exceptions / other agreements promises at least 4/4 Agreements after opponents double for takeout

New Jump in Double jump XX 9+ Nat, F1 Fit Splinter suit new suit in new suit

Jump Pre- Good 2NT 1NT 8-10 raise emptive Raise

Other agreements concerning doubles and redoubles

See note 23

OTHER CONVENTIONS

Long suit trial bids Checkback over 1NT rebid (=15-17)6 17 Wolfend over 1x-1y-2NT (18-19) or 1x-(1y)-X-(P)-2NT (18-19)25 21 4NT = Specific Ace ask Gambling 3NT20

th rd Jump in 4 suit = splinter agreeing 3 suit

SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILS

36. Competitive Auctions ● When we make a simple raise and opponents then protect or pre-protect , e.g. 1-(P)- 2-(P)/P-(?) OPENING LEADS ● X = only 3 card support, maximum, defensive values ● 3 = to play (For all the card combinations shown, clearly mark the (Hatch over this box if using ● 2NT = 2 places to play (e.g. 2-3-4-4 or 1-3-5-4) or maximum with 4 hearts. Partner bids lowest 3 card normally led if different from the underlined card). non-standard leads). card minor in response with only 4 of M. Subsequent heart raise is then maximum with 4 hearts ● 3m = 6 card suit and only 3 of major A K A K x K Q 10 K Q x K J 10 K 10 9 Q J 10 ● After 1M-(2NT) showing minors ● 3. is GF with other major (6 card or good 5 card suit) and 3 is a UCB. Q J x J 10 x 10 x x 10 9 x 9 8 7 x 10 x x x H x x

● Supporting 3M is a stretch raise and 3otherM is 6+ suit NF. v. suit ● In general, when opponent’s intervene with 2-suited bids, the higher ranking is UCB and contracts H x x x H x x x x H x x x x x x x x x x x x x x lower ranking cue bid is artificial GF ● Pass then X is takeout with 4 of other major, or bad 5 card suit, X then X is penalties A K x (x) A J 10 x K Q 10 K Q x K J 10 K 10 9 Q J 10 ● If opponents make an opening bid at the 2 level to show both majors, all bids including of majors are Q J x J 10 x 10 x x 10 9 x 9 8 7 x 10 x x x H x x

natural if one major can be 4 card v. NT ● If opponents make a bid to show both minors, clubs at lowest level is at least 4/5 in majors with better contracts H x x x H x x x x H x x x x x x x x x x x x x x hearts, diamonds is at least 5/4 in majors with longer/better spades ● If we have agreed a minor and opponents have bid 2 suits, a cue bid shows a stop ● Raise to 5 level in asks for 2nd round control of unbid suit in uninterrupted auction, and asks Other agreements in leading, e.g. high level contracts, partnership suits:- nd for 2 round control of opponents suit in a contested auction. A asks for count on initial lead, otherwise reverse attitude ● (2H)- P-(P)- X / (P)- 2NT = Lebensohl if doubler is not a passed hand 2 places to play if doubler is a passed hand A for unblock against no-trumps ● After (1.)-P-(t/fer) or similar auction then X shows bid suit and bid of suit shown by responder is CARDING METHODS takeout of that suit ● After (1.)-P-(1) showing 1NT bid or denying a 4 card major or similar then X shows takeout of Primary method v suit contracts Primary method v NT contracts clubs ● In auctions where we have not made an available takeout X, X is penalties e.g. 1X-(1Y)-P-(2Y)/P-(P)-X On Partner’s lead Reverse count (*) Reverse count (*)

On Declarer’s lead Reverse count Reverse count When discarding Reverse count (**) Reverse count (**)

Other carding agreements, including secondary methods (state when applicable) and exceptions to above

(*) Reverse attitude on initial lead except on lead of Ace or obvious suit preference situations

(**) First discard = Reverse Attitude

Trump peter for a (or can sometimes be suit preference)

Occasional suit preference SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILS (continued)

Count is always current except in suit led

32. Defence to NT by passed hand OTHER OPENING BIDS X - majors, minors or diamonds, 8+points (responder bids better minor) 2. - .s and a major (2 then natural, 2 to pass or correct) HCP Min CONVENTIONAL SPECIAL MEANING RESPONSES 2 - s and a major (2 to pass or correct) Splinters15 2M/3m – natural Strong jump shifts14 1./ 10-22 4 Can be weak in 3rd 2NT=GF with minor support no 33. Responses and continuations after a protective 1NT (11-16) 4cM, or slam try in minor 2. = Staymanic range ask 2 = 11-12 no 4 card major 15 Splinters (incl. 1- 4) 2/2 = 11-12 natural (4+) 14 1/ 10-22 4 Can be weak in 3rd Strong jump shifts 2NT = 13-14 any hand (3. then stayman re-inquiry) 3 2NT Game Force 3X = 15-16 natural (5 cards if minor) – not compulsory to show a suit

Weak in seats 1-2 New suit F1, then.. rd 35. Other agreements: 3 bids 0-14 6 Wide in 3 (up to 12, 6+) New suit by opener is shortage th24 ● With 5 clubs and 5 spades, open 1 if weak and 1. if strong Int. in 4 agreeing responders suit ● Cue bids can be first or second round control Over 4./; 4/ shows slam 4 bids 5-15 7 4./ = SAT27 ● Principle of Fast Arrival (eg: after Jacoby 2NT, after 2.-2-2M) interest ● 4-4-4-1 hands (any singleton) (a) 15+ points, open lower major (b) 12-14 points open higher minor DEFENSIVE METHODS AFTER OPPONENTS OPEN ● 5NT = . If trump suit is minor, 7m = 2 of 3 honours, 6m otherwise. If trump suit is major, 7M = 2 of 3 honours, 6M = 0, 6. = either A or K, 6 = Q only. Over 6., 6 asks for extra OPPONENTS OPEN CONVENTIONAL SPECIAL length NATURAL 1-SUIT MEANING RESPONSES ● 1-1NT-2 = 5+/4+ n.f. ● 1-1NT-3 = 5+/5+ inv. ● 1-1NT-3. = 5+/4+ & forcing After 1-1NT-3., 3 = inquiry. Responses: New Suit F1; 1NT=10-12 Simple overcall Natural; can be 4 cards at 1 level ● 3 = 5+/5 ● 3 = 6+/4 ● 3NT = 5/4 2NT = 13-15; 3NT = 16+; UCBs System on after (1.)- 1-(P)-1NT ● 1x-1NT-2y-2NT = good raise in y. 1x-1NT-2y-3y = pre-emptive raise in y; 1M-1NT-2M-2NT = Weak; 2 of top 3 honours if partner 2 Jump overcall not passed 2NT inquiry minors Wide opposite passed hand ● 1x-1M-2M-2/3y shows exactly 4 of M ● Reverses Cue bid UCB; The following reverses are game forcing: Michaels (weak or strong) Note 10 All reverses by responder 1NT Direct: 15½-18 As for opening 1NT All 3 level reverses Protective 11-16 Note 33 All jump reverses 10 The following reverses are forcing for 1 round only 2NT Direct: Unusual (weak or strong) Natural 17 Protective 19-21 As for opening 2NT Reverses at the 2 level (Ingberman applies)

OPPONENTS DEFENSIVE OPEN WITH METHODS Strong 1. See note 28

Precision 1 2= Michaels, 3= Weak Short 1./1 Cue = Michaels, 3./= Weak

ASPTRO7, both majors = anchor to shorter. Weak / Strong 1NT For passed hand defence see note 32. Always X weak NT with 15+ points then see note 23 Dbl = takeout + Lebensohl8 Weak 2 Cue asks for stop

2NT = 15½-18 Balanced

Weak 3 Dbl = takeout 22 Defence to gambling 3NT 4./ Dbl = takeout 4 4NT=minors, X=values & spade tolerance 4 X = penalties, 4NT = takeout

Multi 2 Note 16

27. South African Texas: SLAM CONVENTIONS ● 4. = either 8 hearts headed by the AKQ with no outside Ace, or 7 hearts headed by AKQJ, with exactly 1 outside Ace or 8 hearts missing 1 top honour with 1 outside Ace Name Meaning of Responses Action over interference ● 4 = either 8 spades headed by the AKQ with no outside Ace, or 7 spades headed by AKQJ, with RKCB & Exclusion Blackwood See notes 18-19 See notes 18-19 exactly 1 outside Ace or 8 spades missing 1 top honour with 1 outside Ace Responder bids 1 suit up = inquiry with slam interest. Responses: ● Bid trump suit = no outside Ace ● New suit = Ace of bid suit

28. Defence to Strong Club: SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILS X = hearts (5+) 1 = spades (5+) 1. 4 suit transfers. Break as follows: 1 = 2 suits of the same colour (5/5 opening hand) Can break major suit transfers with 4+ in suit, as follows: 1 = 2 suits of the same rank (5/5 opening hand) ● 3M = minimum ● 2NT = maximum, no weak doubleton 1NT = 2 suits of different colour and rank (5/5 opening hand) ● Other = maximum, weak doubleton 2 suit = either weak 2 in that suit, or weak with 2 suits above (5/5) Break transfers without Qxx or better by bidding intervening suit After Strong Club and 1 response: New suit at 3 level after transfer is forcing to game and natural (4+) X = a 5 card major Minor at 4 level after transfer to major is cue self-agreeing major Other responses unchanged New suit at 2 level after transfer is forcing for one round and natural (4+) Transfer to spades then jump to 4 is natural 29. Transfer slam tries over 2NT Responses: 4. - slam try in s ● New suit = cue, If opponents double our 2 (transfer to clubs) 4 - slam try in s ● 4NT = Key card if major shown, sign off if minor shown ● Pass = exactly 2 clubs ● 2NT shows 3+ clubs, Jxx or worse 4 - slam try in .s ● Game in suit = no interest ● Redouble shows 5 spades ● 3. shows 3+ clubs, Qxx or better 4 - slam try in s If opponents double our transfer to a major 30. Over 2.-2; 3M sets suit. Responses show controls as follows: ● Pass = exactly 2 of major ● 2M shows 3 of major ● 4M = no aces and no kings (a) ● New suit = Ace (b) ● 4NT = 2 Aces (c) ● 3M = minimum with 4 of major ● 2NT = maximum with 4 of major, no weak doubleton ● 3NT = no aces, at least 1 king (d) ● Other suit = maximum, weak doubleton, 4 of major (a) Over 2.-2-3M-4M, 4NT asks for non-trump queens. Responses: cue bid lowest Queen ● Redouble shows 5 of transfer suit, denies 4 of partners major

(b) Over 2.-2-3M-NewSuit, 2. 2NT after Weak 2 opener or overcall is an inquiry. OGUST responses: 4NT asks for non-trump kings. Responses cue lowest king New suit asks partner to cue kings above this level ● 3. = minimum hand, poor suit ● 3 = minimum hand, good suit Subsequent 5NT asks for non-trump queens. Responses: cue bid lowest Queen ● 3 = maximum hand, poor suit ● 3 = maximum hand, good suit ● 3NT = AKQxx(x) (c) Over 2.-2-3M –4NT, 5. asks for cue of Kings. New suit asks for cue of lowest non-trump king above that level. Rebid trump suit with none. If 2NT overcalled 3.; Dbl = abs. minimum, Pass = 3. response, other responses unaltered by overcall (d) Over 2.-2-3M –3NT, 4. asks for Kings. Responses: If 2NT overcalled 3; Dbl = 3. response, Pass = 3 response, other responses unaltered by overcall ● 4/4/4 = King of bid suit (if not trumps) ●4M = club King ● 4NT = 2 Kings If 2NT overcalled 3; Dble = 3. or 3 response, Pass shows 3 response, 3 shows 3 response 31. If opponents bid over 2. opener, responses as follows If 2NT overcalled 3; Dble = minimum, Pass = maximum. If 2NT is doubled: XX = abs. minimum, other responses unaltered by X ● X = penalties if partner is balanced (weak hand) ● Pass = Neutral ● 2/2 NF

● 3./ 3 = weak 6+ cards ● 2NT = weak, at least 5/5 in minors 3. 1M, 2NT = game forcing in major. Responses: After 2.- (2//) - P- (P) opener rebids as follows: ● New suit = natural, non-minimum ● Jump in new suit = splinter, non-minimum ● X = semi balanced with no stop ● 2NT = semi balanced with stop ● 3NT = 15+ points and 4 card suit ● 3 level in suit = non-minimum, 5 card suit, no shortage All continuations as if bidding over 2NT ● Game bid = minimum hand If opponents double 2. opener, responses as follows ● XX = club stop + Kokish12 ● Pass = half club stop+ Kokish12 ● 2= no club stop + Kokish12 By a passed hand, 1M, 2NT = 7 losers in major. Responses: ● 2/2 NF ● New suit = natural, non-minimum ● Jump in new suit = splinter, non-minimum After 2. - (P) - 2- (X) opener rebids as follows ● 3NT = 15+ points and 4 card suit ● 3 level in suit = minimum to play ● XX = semi balanced with no  stop ● 2NT = semi balanced with  stop ● Game bid = to play ● Pass = semi balanced with ½  stop. Continuations: Continuations above 2NT as if auction was 2. -2- 2NT uninterrupted If 2NT is doubled: After 2. (P) - 2- (2/) opener rebids as follows: ● XX = 15+ points and poor 4 card suit ● 3NT = 15+ points and good 4 card suit ● X = semi balanced with no stop ● 2NT = semi balanced with stop ● Pass = 5-3-3-2 with defensive values ● Pass = semi balanced with ½ stop. Continuations: Other bids unchanged Continuations above 2NT as if auction was 2. -2- 2NT uninterrupted

4. In response to 1NT or 2NT, 3. = 5 card puppet stayman. Responses: Situations 3. - 5 card stayman. Responses: ● Support doubles only in auctions 3 = No 5 card M, better than 2-3 in M. Responses: (a) 1m/M – (PorX) – 1M – (non-jump) – X. or (b) 1. – (1) – 1M – (2) – X 3 = denies 4 hearts 3NT = 4-4 in majors ● Support redoubles only in auction 1m/M – (PorX) – 1M – (X) – XX 3 = 4 hearts, denies 4 spades but may have 5 4./ natural slam try (5+) ● 1. – (PorX) – 1 – (1) – X = 4 hearts 3/ = 5 card natural ● 1. – (PorX) – 1 – (1) – X = takeout (no clear bid or extras, may or may not have 4 spades) 3NT = 2-3 or worse in majors Over 1/2NT - 3. - 3 - 3/ - 3NT : 4./4 are natural slam tries with a 5+ card suit Special Agreements After we have made a ● Jump bid = 8-10 ● Double jump bid = pre-emptive After 1/2NT – (P) – 3. - (3) ● Cue bid of oppo’s minor = both majors 8-10 or any 11+. Responses: X = No 5 card M, better than 2-3 in M. Continuations same as after 1/2NT – 3. / 3 ● 2/2 = better major & minimum. Responder’s rebid: 3NT = 2-3 or worse in majors, diamond stop ● 2 (after 2) =exactly 4 spades, forcing for 1 round P = 2-3 or worse in majors, no stop ● 2NT = natural, invitational, less good stop than immediate 2NT 3/ = 5 card natural ● 3 of other minor= natural and forcing ● 3 of opponent’s minor= asking for half a stop, game forcing After 1/2NT – (P) – 3. - (X) ● 3 of partner’s major = invitational P = 2-3 or worse in majors, no club stop ● 3 of other major = natural, forcing and sets suit. Asks partner to cue bid 3NT = 2-3 or worse in majors, club stop ● 3NT = natural, asks partner to remove if unsuitable 3 = No 5 card M, better than 2-3 in M, no stop. Cont’s same as after 1/2NT – 3. / 3 ● 3/3 = better major & invitational XX = No 5 card M, better than 2-3 in M, stop. Cont’s same as after 1/2NT – 3. / 3 ● 2NT = exactly 1 major & game forcing 3/ = 5 card natural ● 3 of opponents minor = 4/4 in the majors, game forcing

● 3 of other minor = natural and forcing After 1/2NT – (P) – 3. - (3M) ●Cue bid of oppo’s major = both minors 8-10 or any 11+ P = not 4 cards in other major, no stop X = 4 cards in other major 24. Jump bids are intermediate in 4th 3NT = not 4 cards in other major, stop ● 10-14 points 3/ = 5 card natural ● 2+ defensive tricks ● <4 spades if spades is not bid suit Responses 5. After opponents double immediately over 1NT open or overcall; Helvic responses: Raises = pre-emptive ● 2.// = at least 4-4 in bid suit and suit above 2NT asks for partner’s side suit values ● 2 = at least 5 spades New suit = trial bid ● Redouble = single suited hand. Opener relays to 2.. ● Pass forces redouble by partner. Subsequent suit bids show: 25. 1X-1Y-2NT = 18-19. 1X – (1Y) – X – (P) – 2NT = 18-19. Continuations: Wolfend: ● 2. = at least 4 clubs and at least 4 of a major or 4-3-3-3. Responses: ● 3.= relay to 3, then weak if rebid suit, or slam invitational in NT if rebid 3NT ● 2 = natural (5+), 2 clubs ● 3= major suit inquiry ● 2 = pass or correct ● 3 = slam try in opener’s suit ● 3 = slam try in responder’s suit ● P = 3+ clubs, not 4-4 in majors. If this is doubled, XX by responder = 4-3-3-3 without 4 clubs 26. No-trump rebid ranges ● 2 = at least 4 diamonds and at least 4 spades After 1 level response in uninterrupted auction: ● 1NT = 15-17 + checkback3 ● 2NT rebid = 18-19 + Wolfend25 ● 3NT = running minor After opponents double indirectly over 1NT open or overcall After 1X-2m or 1X – (1/2Y) – 2m – (P): ● 2./// by partner of 1NT bidder= natural, at least 5 ● 2NT rebid is 15-19 GF ●3NT rebid is 15-16 with 4 card support ● Redouble by responder = weak hand, no 5 card suit After 1 -2 in uninterrupted auction or 1X – (2Y) – 2 – (P): ● Redouble by 1NT opener = 5 card suit ● 2NT rebid is 15-19 GF ●3NT rebid is 15-16 with 3 hearts and 4-3-3-3 After 1X – (1Y) – X – (P) or 1X – (1Y) – 1Z – (P) 6. 1NT rebid = 15-17. ● 1NT = 15-17 + checkback6 ● 2NT rebid = 18-19 + Wolfend25 ● 3NT = running minor 2. = checkback. Responses: After 1X – (2Y) – X – (P) ● 2 = no extra length in majors, minimum ● 2NT = no extra length in majors, non-minimum ● 2NT = 15-17 points n.f. ● 3NT = 18-19 points ● 2 = extra length in hearts, minimum ● 3 = extra length in hearts, non-minimum After (1X) – P – (P) – X / (P) – 1Y – (P) ● 2 = extra length in spades, minimum ● 3 = extra length in spades, non-minimum ● 1NT = 15-18 points n.f. ● 2NT = 22-24 ● 3NT = 25+ After 2. checkback, bids up to 2 are always non forcing After (1X) – P – (P) – X / (P) – 2Y(non-jump) – (P) 3of partner’s or own suit = natural, invitational ● 2NT = 17-18 points n.f. ● 3NT = 22+

20. Gambling 3NT = running minor with no outside A, K or . Responses: 7. ASPTRO. 2. = hearts and another, 2 = spades and another, anchor to the shorter with both majors. ● 4. = pass or correct Responses: ● 4= singleton inquiry. Responses: ● One suit up denies 3 of anchor suit ● Jump in anchor suit is pre-emptive ● 4/4 = singleton in bid suit ● 4NT = no singleton ● 3. = general force ● 3 = unassuming cue bid in anchor suit ● 5. = singleton diamond ● 5 = singleton club ● 2NT = 11-13, balanced ● Delayed 2NT = asking for 2nd suit

21. 4NT opening asks for specific Aces If opponents double our ASPTRO bid of 2. ● 5. = no aces ● 5NT = 2 aces ● 5/5/5/6. = ace of bid suit only ● Pass denies 3 hearts, club tolerance (3+) ● 2 = at least 5 diamonds, <3 hearts Over interference: ● 3. = general force ● 3 = unassuming cue bid in anchor suit P = no aces, suit at 4 level = that Ace, 5NT = 2 aces, 6. = Ace in suit below opponents bid suit ● rdbl = take out to other suit, denies 3. or 3

22. If opponents open gambling 3NT (or 2NT showing pre-empt in either minor): If opponents double our ASPTRO bid of 2 ● X = strong and balanced (16+) ● Pass denies 3 spades, diamond tolerance (3+) ● 2 = at least 5 hearts, <3 spades ● 4.(3.) = takeout of diamonds ● 4(3) = takeout of clubs ● 3. = general force ● 3 = unassuming cue bid in anchor suit If 3NT converted to 4./4 ● rdbl = take out to other suit, denies 3 or 3 ● X = takeout if neither hand has doubled 3NT ● X = penalties if either hand has doubled 3NT If opponents bid over our ASPTRO bid ● X asks for other suit ● New Suit = Natural (6+) 23. Doubles and Redoubles ● Cue bid = UCB in anchor suit ● Bid of anchor suit = pre-emptive ● Negative doubles to 7. Both majors when both minors have been bid at 1 level, otherwise tolerance (3+) ● 2NT = Natural (11-13 and stop in opponents suit) for any unbid suit or a strong hand. For no-trump ranges following partner’s , see note 26 ● Responsive doubles to 7. If there is only one unbid major, then it denies 4, if both majors are unbid it 8. When we double a weak 2 (2M)- X –(P) or single raise of a major (1M)-P-(2M)-X, Lebensohl responses if shows equal length game values are possible: ● Lead directing doubles 2 level bid = 0-8 non-forcing ● Double of no-trumps when we have both bid asks partner to lead his own suit Non-jump 3 level bid = 9-12 non-forcing ● Lightner doubles Cue bid = 4 of a major and stop in overcalled suit ● Double of opponents stayman/transfer = penalty double of 1NT 3NT = stop in opponents suit & to play ● Double of a pre-empt in an unspecified suit = 16+ in 2nd and takeout in 4th (does not apply to multi) 2NT = relay to 3. (partner responds 3 if he was going to convert 3. to 3 using equal level ● Doubles are penalties when we have pre-empted conversion) ● Rosenkranz redoubles (over negative double, XX shows Ax, Kx or Qx in partner’s suit) Cue bid = 4 of other major and no stop ● doubles when no other bid available 3NT = game values, no stop, no 4 card major ● If opponents double our control or , Bids below opponents suit = 0-8 non-forcing ● Pass = no control ● XX = 1st round control ● Bid = 2nd round control Bids above opponents suit = 9-12 non-forcing ● If opponents double our FSF or stop , XX shows a stop; pass = no stop; 3NT = ½ stop ● If opponents double / bid over 2. opener, see note 31 If game values are not possible, 2NT = (at least) 2 places to play ● Equal level conversion. After lebensohl, with a hand that was going to pull 3. to 3 to show diamonds and other major, respond 3 9. Stayman Subsequent doubles after penalty double of 1NT 1NT - (P) - 2. - (P) - 2M ● When we have doubled 1NT for penalties (with any 15+ if 1NT is weak), they cannot play in 2./ Other major = invitational and natural (4 card) and forcing for 1 round undoubled. A shows values (4+) 3m = sign off ● X of a natural suit bid is takeout with values (4+). Future Xs are penalties 4m = cue bid agreeing partners 4 card major ● X of artificial or 2 suited bid is takeout with values (4+) and subsequent doubles are penalties. Bidding other suit is takeout with 0-3 points. 2. Can be 4/4 in majors and weak. After 1NT - 2. / 2- 2 opener will convert to 2 if 3/2 e.g. (1NT) – X – (2. showing .&) – 2 = takeout with 0-3 points e.g. (1NT) – X – (2. showing .&) – X = takeout with 4+ points If opponents double our 2. stayman bid ● X after partner passed 2 suited bid including the suit, and the other hand bids is penalties ● 2/ = 4/5 card ● 2 = natural 5+ good suit E.g. (1NT) – X – (2. = clubs and another suit) – P / (2Y) – X = penalties ● Pass = nothing to show ● XX = natural 5+ good suit ● X after partner passed 2 suited bid not showing the suit, and the other hand bids is values, and subsequent doubles are penalties 10. If opponents bid 1. - 1 E.g. (1NT) – X – (2. = e.g. staymen or transfer) – P / (2) – X = values ● 2. = Michaels with longer hearts ● (1NT) – X – (2. = e.g. staymen or transfer) – P / (P!) – X = a hand that would have passed a ● 2 = Michaels with longer spades penalty X of 2. ● 2NT = 5/5 or 6/6 ● Omitting to make a takeout double then pulling partner’s takeout X is forcing to explicit suit agreement or If opponents bid (1M) – P – (2M) 2NT. E.g. (1NT) – X – (2) – P / (P) – X – (P) - 2 is forcing ● 2NT = minors over hearts, 2 suiter over spades ● 3M = stop asking for NT

11. When our 1NT is overcalled with a non-jump bid, 1NT-(2B) or (1B)-1NT-(2B) 16. Defence to multi: X of natural bid = takeout & lebensohl if game values are possible (*), subsequent doubles are ● Dbl = t/o of spades penalties ● (2)-X-(P)-2 = a hand that would have passed a takeout X of 2 X of artificial then X from either side is penalties ● (2)-X-(2)-2 = a hand that would have passed a takeout X of 2 X of bid showing specified 2-suiter including bid suit = takeout of bid suit. Bids of all suits ● (2)-X-(2)-X = defensive values, penalty oriented excepts bid suit are natural even if suit shown by overcall ● 2 = t/o of hearts ● 2NT = 15½-18 balanced Pass of artificial bid followed by X is takeout, and then all subsequent Xs are penalties ● 4./4= hearts and the minor (5+/5+) ● Pass initially then 4./4= spades and the minor (same after (2)-P-(3)-P-(P)) (*) After a takeout X, when game values are possible, Lebensohl applies: After (2)-P-(4)-P-(P) then 4 = spades and a minor. Resp: 4NT = RKCB, 5. = P/C ● After (2)-P-(2M) then X is either pure penalties or pure takeout. Partner assumes t/o if in doubt 2 level bid = 0-8 non-forcing ● After (2)-P-(2M)-P-(P) then X is takeout Non-jump 3 level bid = 9-12 non-forcing Cue bid = 4 of a major and stop in overcalled suit All bids as for weak 2 after suit established, including (2)-P-(P) then X is takeout of  3NT = stop in opponents suit & to play 2NT = relay to 3. (partner responds 3 if he was going to convert 3. to 3 using equal 17. Fourth Suit Forcing level conversion) ● Fourth suit is forcing to game except for: Cue bid = 4 of other major and no stop ● 1.-1-1-1-1NT = 12-14, non-forcing (but continuations are game forcing) 3NT = game values, no stop, no 4 card major ● 1.-1-1-1-2 = non-forcing (but continuations are game forcing) ● Raise of 4th suit shows four cards if possible, otherwise extra values and no more to show Bids below opponents suit = 0-8 non-forcing th Bids above opponents suit = 9-12 non-forcing ● After a 2 level reverse, Ingberman (lower of 2NT and 4 suit is a negative <8 points). Anything else is game forcing except bids below both 4th suit and 2NT, e.g. 1-1/2-2

When game values are not possible, 2NT = two places to play and suit bids non-forcing 18. After a suit is agreed, except for situations explicitly agreed otherwise, 4NT asks for number of If 1NT is opened opposite a passed hand, game values are assumed not possible key cards. Responses:

5. = 1 or 4 5 = 0 or 3 5 = 2 – Q 5 = 2 + Q 12. Kokish 5NT = even number & working void 6. = odd number & working void 2. - 2 - 2NT = 25+ semi-balanced If responder shows 1 or 4 with 4, or shows 0 or 3 with 3 and inquirer signs off, he continues as follows: 2. - 2 - 2 = s (6+), s and another (5+/4+) or 20-21 semi-balanced. Responses: ● New suit = king of that suit and no Q of trumps ● 2NT = 5+/5+ in minors, no game interest ● 3m = 7+ card suit, no game interest ● 5NT = Q trumps ● 2 = relay to find partners hand type. Responses: ● 6 trumps = no queen of trumps & no kings 2NT = 20-21+ semi-balanced. Responses as for 2NT opener Over interference: 3 = single suited game forcing hand in hearts (6+ cds) Over Dble: responses unchanged. Rdbl = penalties Anything else = two suited game forcing hand with hearts (5+) and bid suit (4+) Over 5./: Dble = 1/4, Pass = 0/3; Over 5/: Dble = Even, Pass = Odd

13. Over 2NT, 3 is a transfer to hearts After key-card responses, next suit up asks for Queen of trumps. Responses: Opener breaks the transfer to a cue with 3+ hearts and a slam suitable hand ● Rebid trump suit denies Queen Opener breaks the transfer to 3NT with <3 hearts and 5 spades ● Jump in trump suit shows Queen and no non-trump Kings Over 2NT, 3 is a transfer to spades ● New suit = trump Queen & King in bid suit Opener breaks the transfer to 3NT with <3 spades and 5 hearts ● 5NT = trump Queen & 2 non-trump kings Opener breaks the transfer to a cue with 3+ spades and a slam suitable hand After key-card responses, 5NT asks for Kings. Responses: 14. Jump shifts in non-competitive auctions by a non-passed hand are strong. Either: ● Suit bid is that king or other 2 ● Sign off in 6 of trump suit = no side suit kings ● Solid suit 6+ or ● 6NT = all 3 side suit kings ● Good support for partner’s suit and values in bid suit Responder rebids: 19. Jump to the 5 level after a suit is agreed asks for number of key cards excluding the bid suit. Responses: ● Rebid suit = Solid suit 6+ & sets the suit. 1 - 3 / 3 - 4 = forcing Step 1 = 0 or 3 Step 2 = 1 or 4 Step 3 = 2 – Q ● New suit = cue bid agreeing openers suit Step 4= 2 + Q Step 5 = 2 & working void Over interference: Jump shifts in competitive auctions and in non-competitive auctions by a passed hand are fit bids showing a Over Dble: responses unchanged. Rdbl = penalties good suit of 5+ cards, 2/3 honours and 4 card trump support (min Qxxx or 5 low) Over 5./: Dble = 0/3, Pass = 1/4; Over 5/: Dble = Even, Pass = Odd After (exclusion) key-card responses, 5NT asks for non-trump (non excluded suit) Kings. Responses: 15. Splinters ● Rebid trump suit = no kings ● Splinters at the 4 level are 11-15 points, exactly 7 losers ● Non trump suit bid is king of bid suit ● Bids 1 level higher than a force are splinters with the exception of 1NT-2/ 2 / 4 ● 6NT = 2 kings After responses to exclusion key card, rebid excluded suit asks for cue bid of lowest king.