New Paradigm for the Life Skills Development of Children and Youth
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Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(9):713-718 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy New Paradigm for the Life Skills Development of Children and Youth in Elementary Education Schools in the Rural Highland of Omkoi District, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Priyanut Wutti Chupradit1, Pariwit Vitayacheeva2, Rattaphol Prommas3, Mujalin Prasannarong4, Savitree Thummasorn5, Sopida Apichai5, Waranya Chingchit5, Pachpilai Chaiwong5, Chalanda Janton5, Apiwat Leewattana5, Natthanit Joompathong5, Jedbordin Kumkronglek5, Chanakarn Kumkun5, Utumma Maghanemi6, Kwanchai 6 7 8 5* Rattanasthien , Natnakorn Kumfang , Thirasak Uppamaiathichai , Supat Chupradit 1Educational Psychology and Guidance, Department of Educational Foundations and Development, Faculty of Education, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 2Home and Community, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 3Faculty of Mass Communication, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 4Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 5*Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 6Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 7Faculty of Liberal Arts, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand 8Department of Educational Administration and Development, Faculty of Education, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand Correspondence: Dr. Supat Chupradit Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This article aimed to understand the causes and importance of the new Keywords: Life Skills of Children and Youth, Schools in the Rural Highland, paradigm for developing life skills, for the purpose of elevating the quality of Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs education and the quality of life of children and youth in the elementary education system. This study focused specifically on the context of schools in Correspondence: the highland area of Northern Thailand, under the concept of the United Supat Chupradit Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals, where all students would be Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical equally provided with educational opportunities that, in turn, would eliminate Sciences, any educational inequality. The new paradigm would also help students to Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand develop life skills in accordance with the guidelines provided by the World Email: [email protected] Health Organisation (WHO), the Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P21), and the Basic Education Core Curriculum B.E. 2551 (2008) in order to provide guidelines that would prove suitable for the specific context of the area that could be further translated into strategic management. INTRODUCTION great caution and carefulness, while being economized, in Background and Importance of the New Paradigm for order to prevent any failure.” (1) During the past decades, Developing Life Skills of Children and Youth Thailand has faced numerous changes in every aspect, As part of the Royal Speech given by His Majesty King including those in terms of the economy, society, politics, Bhumibol Adulyadej The Great, during the graduation administration, culture, technology, and the environment. ceremony of Kasetsart University, His Majesty the King The underlying intentions of those changes were to further said: “…the country’s development must proceed in an develop the country, and allow the country to contend orderly fashion, that is, starting from the very foundation - a with the pace of the development of the global community, sufficient pool of resources for the people to live whereas the advancement made in technology and comfortably. We can do so by saving, be mindful of our information would lead to rapid changes in the education spending, and do so correctly. Once we create a solid system. At present, Thai society requires knowledge, a foundation, we must then help and support the people to knowledge economy, as well as every related aspect of pursue their careers, allowing them to be self-sustainable. self-reliance to compete against other states and countries Therefore, the foundation is the most important, as only in the global community. The equilibrium between the individuals with the occupations and statuses that are rural community and the urban community is also enough to sustain themselves may pursue greater growth important, so to cultivate the country with the community and prosperity. Therefore, we should gradually pursue against both domestic and international changes. In order further growth and progress, in an orderly fashion, with to drive every step and process of this development, it is 713 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy Vol 11, Issue 9, Sep-Oct 2020 Chupradit et al. /New Paradigm for the Life Skills Development of Children and Youth in Elementary Education Schools in the Rural Highland of Omkoi District, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) necessary to acquire knowledge that also conforms with the World Declaration on Education stated that, within the lifestyle of Thai society. Thus, morality, ethics, and the 2015, every child and adolescent, especially females, principle of sufficiency must also be promoted and children with unique needs, and children of ethnic cultivated among the people, so they may conduct their minorities must have access to the compulsory elementary duties with great determination. Moreover, doing so education system (5). In 2000, UNESCO also arranged the would provide beneficial immunity for the life of the Thai World Scholarship Forum at Dakar, Senegal, in order to people against any changes, whether it be at the level of evaluate the progress of their plans and initiations. The the individual, family, community, society, or the country resolution of the Forum proposed the principle of (2). ‘Education for All’, where the education system must also At the 70th United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in focus on poor and disadvantaged people, especially New York, USA, the UNGA investigated the result of the children in those groups of people. This also includes those operation under the United Nations (UN)’s Millennium people that have to enter into the labour sector and live in Development Goals (MDGs) (2000-2015), which aimed to rural areas, immigrants, ethnic minorities in terms of their promote every country to further improve the quality of nationality or language, adults who suffer from AIDS and life of their people. Moreover, the UNGA considered and HIV infection, poor people who suffer from health approved the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development problems, the disabled, and people with learning Goals (SDGs) (3), that is, for the period from 2015-2030. disabilities (6). In another World Scholarship Forum, at The Agenda also encompassed some SDGs for the Inchon, Republic of Korea, in 2015, the Forum passed educational sector; namely, creating a guarantee that resolutions that covered the concepts and operation everyone would have access to a high-quality educational guidelines for monitoring the result of the SDGs, as part of service, thoroughly and equally, and supporting the 2030 Agenda. The Forum also focussed heavily on opportunities for lifelong learning. These are very education, as quoted: ‘Education can change a human’s life.’ important goals for Thailand. The Concept of Developing Life Skills for Children and The Ministry of Education of Thailand implemented the Youth Agenda as part of the Ministry of Education’s 12th The society of the new decade is the age of the rapidity and Education Development Plan, 2017-2021. As part of the advancement of communication technology, the diversity Plan, the Ministry of Education specified the Second of nationalities and cultures, and the assimilation of Mission: ‘providing an equal opportunity to access thoughts and beliefs of different groups of people. education services to every person thoroughly’, and Members of such a society must brace themselves and developed the Fourth Strategy: ‘expanding the opportunity keep pace with the lifestyle of this modern age with great to access the education services and lifelong learning that discretion. Such dramatic changes in society would are aimed at students of every group and every age, in a inevitably affect children in the learning ages regardless of manner that is suitable for the context and the how they live under the ever-changing flows of technology developmental status’ (4). In terms of access to the and how they meet with their parents’ expectation education services and the equality-related issues, the towards the educational result of their children, as well as aforementioned mission and strategy would be highly how they face inappropriate temptations or models that effective for the basic education system. Section 1, Article exist in their environment (7). Such a situation could result 9 of the National Education Act, B.E. 2542 (1999) and the in many juvenile-related problems, including the problem Amendment (2nd Issue) B.E. 2545 (2002), on the subject of of adapting their emotions and mentality, health-related organising the structure and process of the education issues, violence, game addiction-related problems, drug- service, requires the decentralisation of the related related problems,