RA visiond'ensemble enanglais.indd 1 TECHNICAL INSTRUMENT FOR PROFESSIONALS IN FORESTRY, SAWING, PULP, PANELS, PACKAGING, WOOD, CONSTRUCTION, FURNITURE,
OVERVIEW ANNUAL REPORT 2015 08/11/16 09:27 CONTENTS
TECHNICAL INSTRUMENT OF THE FORESTRY WOOD AND FURNITURE SECTORS
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 2 08/11/16 09:27 04 VISION OF THE CHAIRMAN AND OF THE GENERAL MANAGER 06 OUR PROFESSIONAL SECTORS 07 FIGURES 2015 2 08 GOVERNANCE 3 09 ORGANISATIONAL CHART 10 MILESTONES 16 PERFORMANCE CONTRACT 2016 - 2019 18 PARTNERSHIPS AND SYNERGY: THE STRENGTH OF A NETWORK 20 WHEN WOOD CONSTRUCTION BECOMES SELF-EVIDENT 22 MECHANISATION OF LOGGING 24 VALORISATION OF HARDWOOD IN CONSTRUCTION 26 FOREST AVAILABILITY, A STRATEGIC CHALLENGE FOR THE SECTOR 28 BAOGREFF: ACCESS TO 50 YEARS OF FORESTRY DATA 30 DOUGLAS OF FUTURE, TOWARDS NEW ORCHARDS! 32 OPTIGRAINE, DISSEMINATION OF IMPROVED MARITIME PINE VARIETIES 34 DNA REVEALS THE ORIGIN AND SPECIES OF OAKS 36 GENECOCHEM, FOREST BIOMOLECULE DEPOSIT 38 WOOD, AN INTERESTING SOURCE OF POLYMERS 40 GOOD PRACTICES FOR ENERGY AND BIOMASS WOOD SUPPLY: MOQAPRO AND OPTI-SCREEN 42 A WOOD DRYING LABORATORY IN BORDEAUX 44 TOWARDS SAWING ENERGY CONSUMPTION CONTROL 46 MULTI-STOREY WOOD CONSTRUCTION 48 BIM: WOOD SECTOR ACTION PLAN 50 BEHAVIOUR OF CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS IN SEISMIC AREAS 52 COMFORT LABEL 54 HOUSING FOR SENIOR CITIZENS: CO-INNOVATION FOR AND IN USE 56 REDUCTION OF VOLATILE POLLUTANTS CONTAINED IN FURNITURE: CHALLENGES AND CONSTRAINTS 58 WOOD IN CONTACT WITH FOOD: MICROWOOD THESIS (2012-2015) 60 INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE FOREST-WOOD SECTOR, AN INDUSTRIAL STAKE OF €6 BILLION 62 CERTIFICATION: DEVELOPMENT LEVER …
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 3 08/11/16 09:27 The FCBA Parisian staff have been in the new premises at Champs-sur- Marne for a year now, and were very rapidly capable of redeploying the means and resources that they place at the service of all companies in the wood sector each day.
During the preparation of the project, it was decided to preserve above VISION OF THE all the production capacities in terms of laboratory and office space, so as to assign FCBA’s means and resources optimally to the efficiency and CHAIRMAN AND service expected by all stakeholders in our sector. But the project had to reflect also the innovations and performance of OF THE GENERAL the products, components and construction systems of the forest-wood- furniture-cellulose sector. This challenge has been taken up beyond my MANAGER expectations.
The Champs-sur-Marne site was not chosen haphazardly and the “Sustainable City Cluster,” already well established, represented a great interest for the wood and furniture sector, used mainly in construction THE WIND IN or housing. The University of Paris East, of which we have become an associate member, the CSTB, with which we have a partnership for OUR SAILS... more than 10 years, the School of Bridges and Roads, the School of Architecture, the IFSTTAR and many other laboratories and schools structure this cluster, in which FCBA aspires to become a fully-fledged member.
The worksite was completed on schedule (give or take two months) and within the initial budget: €23.7 million for the buildings out of €33 million for the overall project. It is not very common for projects of such scope, and I would like to congratulate all those who worked so hard to achieve it. In the beginning of 2016, there is no need for words anymore, which often happens in France, but for action. To get out on top at this time of crisis, we need solidarity in our sector, to concentrate on the maximum of revenues and activities on FCBA, in connection with the Institute’s areas of expertise, which we know cover the entire sector.
This sector originates in our beautiful French forests, and finds its way in all aspects of our daily life through a series of added values stemming from ever more sophisticated operating methods. Along this road of transformation and valorisation, which goes from resource to finished product, FCBA’s role is to optimise each of the steps that lead to the use of wood stemming from our French forests. The institute is thus a vehicle of productivity and competiveness for our companies.
FCBA is without any doubt the most emblematic organisation of the entire French wood sector. It is also, albeit not sufficiently known, the most important institute specialised in wood in Europe, recognised by its European peers in all the organisations in which it participates, particularly by chairing the workshops that perform on European standardisation.
Someone from Bpifrance wrote one day about “wood people:” “these people sleep with wood, eat with wood, talk about wood, breathe with wood... they live with wood.”
I know a lot of “wood people” who work at FCBA. There are really committed people at Champs-sur-Marne, Bordeaux and elsewhere, as in the entire sector, and I am confident that they will fight and win this new battle, by managing to adapt to the new roles of the economy, particularly those brought about by the digital explosion which is turning our daily life upside down.
Because we now know that our fine material has the wind in its sails, and this wind will be all the more favourable as FCBA helps us to chart the right course. Jean Claude SEVE Chairman of the Board The French like wood. of Directors And FCBA is going to teach them to put their trust in wood
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 4 08/11/16 09:27 As you will discover by reading this report, 2015 was an eventful year for the Institute.
The year kicked off with the completion and launch of our new headquarters at Champs-sur-Marne. It was an effort and a necessity which we have not gone through since Bordeaux, 15 years ago. It is now a success duly recognised by our partners and customers. It was rewarded by our successful COFRAC audit, prizes and the esteem of our visitors.
The Chairman of the Board of Directors underscored this result in his editorial opposite. Please allow me to thank him, on behalf of the Institute, for his support and leadership, as well as the two other chairmen and 4 members of the board of directors, my predecessor, and the FCBA staff 5 with whom we have tackled this challenge for seven years.
At the end of 2015, our Performance contract for 2016-2019 was approved unanimously by our Board of Directors and our supervisory authorities. We are henceforth endowed with a renewed strategy in line with the work of the National Forest-Wood Programme (known by the French initials PNFP) and our strategic committee sector (CNI). It gives us new impetus whilst continuing to be oriented to our customers, in the service of our sector. It is the first of the performance contracts of industrial technical centres signed by our ministers. It comprises a business plan which bolsters our collective state funding.
Our efforts to be entrusted with the Shared Economic Monitoring of the Sector were crowned with success also at the end of 2015 for a 3-year term. This decision commits and honours us.
The decision of five ministers and one secretary of state (Mrs Royal, Mrs Cosse, Mrs Vallaud-Belkacem and Mr Le Foll, Macron as well as Mr Mandon) to entrust us with the task of proposing innovations for the forest-wood-furniture sector is also an honour for the Institute. We took up the task together with the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations [Deposits and Consignments Fund], the Centre National de la Propriété Forestière [National Centre for Forest Property] and the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique [National Institute for Agricultural Research] and submitted the report at the beginning of May 2016.
In 2016, FCBA will provide daily advice and support to more than 2000 companies in our 14th national strategic sector. Georges-Henri FLORENTIN General Manager 2016 will certainly see other triumphs, for the “future is not foreseen, it is prepared.” (Maurice Blondel).
Happy reading.
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OUR PROFESSIONAL SECTORS
From upstream to downstream, FCBA provides advice • Place its recognised expertise and skills at the dis- and guidance for the different professional sectors to posal of companies: technology transfer, standar- develop and improve their competitiveness disation, consultancy, technical assistance, testing, training, information. All actions to that end and the related stakes are set out in its performance contract 2016-2019. They are • Support the professions to become leaders on the grouped around three fundamental principles which European and international markets: standardisation, constitute the base of the institute’s activities: quality, certification, high technology.
• Acquire, centralise, manage and disseminate scientific and technical information; research and development, economic, regulatory and technological monitoring, documentation and training.
Préservation
Note: We have used the symbols below for all the projects presented in this document, which illustrate FCBA’s commitment to serve the professional sectors. Sectors in colour are direct beneficiaries of the results of the described projects.
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FIGURES 2015
6 7 1 206 464
2 258 6 299 Satisfied customers 918 96%
TURNOVER Trained persons 7 064 €30 734 K 6 890 953
Website visits
637 886 294 1 138 4 207 Customers creations
3 227
Private contracts, studies, services, sales Miscellaneous (other revenues) Invoiced Ministry in charge of the industry customers CVO Wood Quality certification 3 334 Pulp industry CODIFAB Furniture CODIFAB Wood Other subsidies Public contracts, studies and research Ministry in charge of agriculture
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GOVERNANCE
The FCBA Board of Directors is composed of 26 members divided into three colleges in which all the sectors of the wood strategic branch are represented.
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PROFESSIONS France Bois Forêt Cyril Le Picard
France Bois Industries Entreprises Luc Charmasson
Private forest René Lempire Sawing Jean-Claude Sève (Président du Conseil d’Administration) Éric Plantier Packaging Jean Dossin Pulp Jean-Michel Boulay Philippe Gaudron Panels Anne Duisabeau Construction Wood Industries Bertrand Minot Vincent Pasquet Construction companies Jean-Marc Desmedt Marc Sauvage Furniture Jean-Luc Guéry Philippe Lacharnay Personalities Fabrice Balix (Lapeyre) Étienne Crépon (CSTB) Joëlle Kergreïs (ADEME) Dr Benoît Lesaffre (Université Paris-Est) François Xavier Dugripon (Engie) Emmanuel Acchiardi (DHUP) Patrick Falcone (ONF)
REPRESENTATIVES OF TECHNICAL STAFF OF COMPANIES Jean-Claude Alliot (CFDT) Philippe Ferro (CFE-CGC - Fibopa) Gaétan Nugues (FO bât-bois - TP) Christophe Seres (CGT construction)
FCBA MANAGEMENT Georges-Henri Florentin
GOVERNMENT COMMISSIONERS Ministry of Agriculture : Véronique Borzeix Ministry of Industry : Christophe Lerouge (DGE) Claude Marchand (DGE)
GENERAL COMPTROLLER FOR ECONOMY AND FINANCE Alain Rocca (Ministère des finances et des comptes publics) AUDITOR Jean-Christophe Labourdette (Inextenso)
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ORGANISATIONAL CHART
8 9 GENERAL MANAGEMENT Georges-Henri Florentin
DEPUTY MANAGER FOR PROGRAMMES André Richter
PROFESSIONAL CLUSTERS
Wood Construction Biotechnologies Customers & First Processing Industries Advanced Furniture Training Supply Department silviculture Frédéric Staat Valérie Gourvès Pierre Bonfils Philippe Monchaux Adjoint : Alain Bailly Serge le Nevé Innovation & Research Department
Andreas Kleinschmit von Lengefeld Fréderic Rouger C Environment Health Economy - Gérard Deroubaix R O Wood and Furniture S Standardisation S Office InTechFibres - Michel Petit-Conil C Frédéric Henry L U T Quality E Certification R Wood Laboratories - Marc Jequel S Department
Alain Hocquet
Human Finance and Resources Information Management General Services Legal Organisation systems Pierre André Richter Samuel Bonpunt Béatrice Robert Golja Sanchez Pin Jouenne
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 9 08/11/16 09:27 MILESTONES
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 10 08/11/16 09:27 January 2015 17 March 2015
RELOCATION OF ALL PARISIAN STAFF AT FCBA, PARTNER OF THE CONFERENCE CHAMPS-SUR-MARNE ON THE COMBINATION OF MATERIALS IN 10 CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS 11 The transfer of laboratories continued until February 2015 and was concluded by the installation of At this Conference organised by LE MONITEUR the Living Lab and the virtual immersion cabin. in Paris, FCBA presented the results of two The site was inaugurated in April by Minister for projects: EFFINOVBois, to optimise wood-concrete Agriculture Stéphane Le Foll and the Fablab was “second skin” solution for renovation, and SISBAT, inaugurated in October. to combine wood/terra cotta as a response to The Cofrac audit of December 2015, passed seismic stress. successfully, and the congratulations of the team of auditors made it possible to approve definitively the continuity plan that had been considered during the move. By way of reminder, this transfer was 31 March 2015 carried out without suspending the accreditation of the laboratories NATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON SOCIAL HOUSING AND WOOD CONSTRUCTION Organised by FCBA and the Social Union for 29 January 2015 Housing at the Regional Council of Aquitaine, this colloquium was completed on 1 April 2015 by a LAUNCH OF THE RECYFIBRE PROJECT programme of visits to companies and worksites. Financed by ADEME, Valdelia and Ecomobilier, Supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and the the project was launched in the premises of Véolia Aquitaine Region, this project was geared to more in Nanterre. The purpose of the project was to than 200 stakeholders in the wood sector: social recover furniture waste, in particular MDF panels housing project owners, developers, architects, in the production of paper pulp or panels. The ITF engineering offices, inspection offices, industrialists and Furniture clusters of FCBA are involved in this and professionals. It was intended to showcase the project with the CTP. technical and economic assets of the proposed construction and innovative solutions by comparing them to the expectations of providers of social housing. March 2015
A NEW GENERATION OF IMPROVED MARITIME PINE VARIETY 10 April 2015 The projects to create fourth generation orchards, varieties produced by the SIG Maritime Pine of the THE CTB-A+ CERTIFICATE CELEBRATED ITS Future, entered their active phase since 2015 with 55TH ANNIVERSARY a change of strategy to take account of the latest improvements on two fronts: On 10 April 2015, Georges-Henri Florentin, Frédéric Staat, Éric Vieillemard and the team of CTB-A+ • Genetic composition: the constituent progenitors certificate invited certified companies to visit of orchards are obtained by selecting the best the new FCBA premises at the Cité Descartes in descendants of the best families (forward Champs-sur-Marne. This visit was followed by a selection) instead of selecting parents (backward general meeting and a festive evening. selection). This advancement has been made possible in particular by an FCBA-INRA dissertation. • Planting of orchards: the strategy to create orchards is continuous in time thanks to the planting of 10 to 15 hectares of orchards per year: this makes it possible to introduce new selections in the orchards regularly, making it possible to adapt these solutions to the development of the climate context.
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15, 16 and 17 April 2015 12 May 2015
WOOD CONSTRUCTION FORUM 2015 IN VISIT OF ALAIN ROUSSET TO FCBA NANCY BORDEAUX FCBA, as co-organizer, participated in several Alain Rousset, President of the Aquitaine Region, workshops during this important event for all reiterated the region’s aid during the presentation professionals. The Forum 2015 in figures: 1100 of the extension of the Boutaut site. Planned in participants, 110 exhibitors, some one hundred two phases, this project aims to address several lecturers, and a wooden arc on the forecourt by challenges faced by the wood construction sector: way of a manifesto. dressée sur le parvis comme market development and reinforcement of the un manifeste. performance of the scientific and technological teams in acoustics, heat energy, and natural ageing of wood. He was very interested in the demonstration of 20 April 2015 the seismic slab, a tool supported in the previous State- Regional Project Contract to test and show WOOD WASTE the resistance of wooden structures in earthquakes. An important analysis study of the wood waste situation in the energy, wood and materials industry, entrusted to FCBA by ADEME, was finalised in 18-22 May 2015 2015 by the teams of the economy-energy cluster and the environment-health cluster. This study TISSUE WORLD AT SAO PAULO BRAZIL opened the way for the Wood Sector Strategic Committee to draw up a waste plan so as to FCBA InTechFibres participated in Tissue World in increase the mobilisation and recovery of this Sao Paulo, Brazil, with a booth in cooperation with resource. the CTP and Techpap, to publicise InTechFibres and its competencies but also to meet major Brazilian stakeholders in pulp production.
28-29 April 2015 June 2015
FCBA PARTICIPATION IN THE 1ST “SILENT CHESTNUT: A NEW SPECIES FOR FCBA TIMBER BUILD” SEMINAR IN STOCKHOLM ON THE ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS FOR At the request of FCBA’s Forest Professional WOODEN STRUCTURES committee, a preliminary programme for the selection of forest chestnut varieties was launched Acoustic predictions are of great importance for in mid-2015 with financial support from the the construction industry, particularly for builders. Regional Council of Aquitaine. The national and The subjects presented focused on the use of international synergies with the fruit sector were wood in multi-storey construction with an in-depth explored to identify potential varieties that can resist examination of the acoustics and vibration on the diseases. An overview and exploratory tests were low, medium, and high frequencies. The seminar initiated on several lines of selection. was organized by the European project financed by the WoodWisdomNet+ platform in cooperation with the Swedish forestry industries. 23 June 2015
CARBON FOOTPRINT OF PACKAGES 6 May 2015 FCBA conducted an analysis of the lifecycle and carbon footprint of packaging for affiliates ACOUSTIC TECHNOLOGY DAY of the Syndicat de l’Emballage Industriel et de la Some one hundred participants discovered on Logistique Associée (SEILA) [Union of Industrial this day the stakes of construction in wood in packaging and Related Logistics]. The results urban areas, organized by FCBA in cooperation of this study headed by Tifenn Guennec, of the with Interprofession Francilbois, in connection with Environment-Health Cluster, are summarised in a PASS’Filière Forêt-Bois-Île-de-France 2014-2017, brochure entitled “The wooden case, a carbon pit at the School of Architecture in Champs-sur-Marne. in the heart of logistics” and presented at a press conference on 23 June 2015.
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EPAMARNE / FCBA PROTOCOL LAUNCH OF THE ILIQO PROJECT This protocol was signed to provide a basis for the CTP and FCBA launched the ILIQO project in EPAMARNE/FCBA partnership for the development Grenoble to integrate the recovery of lignins, in a of wood and biosourced materials, particularly for pulp production plant and to use them for different high-rise buildings. potential industrial applications. 12 13
22 September 2015 November 2015 FCBA SUBMITS TO ADEME AN ASSESSMENT OF THE WOOD WASTE DEPOSIT AND ITS WOOD DUST POSITIONING IN THE WOOD/ENERGY WOOD SECTOR The “wood dust” convention intended to promote the prevention of the risk of cancer ADEME commissioned FCBA for an important from exposure to wood dust, organized jointly analysis of the situation of wood waste in the wood by the public authorities (Ministry of Labour), material / energy sector, which was conducted professional organisations from the wood by the Economy – Prospective Energy and sector and occupational health organizations Environment – Health clusters. This study opened (INRS, OPPBTP, CNAM, CARSATs, etc.), was the way to a waste plan by the Wood Sector achieved in 2015, after three years. FCBA made Strategic Committee to increase the mobilization a substantial contribution to the deliberations, and valorization of this resource. particularly through several studies aimed at identifying the difficulties of regulatory control of exposure and assessing continuously and in real October 2015 time, the potential of control systems used by the Environment – Health Cluster. FCBA also helped CALL TO SHOW DYNAMIC INTEREST prepare two guide documents published by the INRS to rationalise the exposure control approach: FCBA has obtained 7 projects under the AMI “Why control the exposure to wood dust?” and Dynamic. They are in line with territorial actions “Wood dust exposure measures.” for the mobilization of wood and meet fully one of the objectives of the performance contract.
November 2015 6 October 2015 HOUSING FOR SENIOR CITIZENS DAY DEVOTED TO CONSTRUCTION Senior citizens no longer have to adapt to their TECHNIQUE IN SEISMIC AREAS IN THE PACA housing. It is their housing that adapts to the REGION change in the way they live. The Housing for Organised by FCBA in Saint-Cannat, this day entails senior citizens project aims to provide housing exchanges and sharing of skills, a presentation that can be adapted to the way our elderly live. of the new seismic regulations and the latest The programme brought together a developer, an advancements in construction in seismic regions.. architect, and 13 French industrialists for 3 years. Led by FCBA in partnership with the University of Paris VIII, this consortium has reconsidered fully the way of designing such housing for senior citizens, 9 and 11 October 2015 applying the expertise of all its stakeholders, in particular by involving the future users in all stages MISSION TO JAPAN ORGANISED BY THE of the project. 11 innovations and services were FRENCH EMBASSY AT THE REQUEST OF devised in different industrial sectors. Beyond their THE UNION OF JAPANESE ARCHITECTS use for seniors, these solutions are finding areas of application. FCBA was part of the French delegation and took part in 2 Franco-Japanese seminars on wood construction.
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2 to 6 November 2015 December 2015
BATIMAT ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE FCBA and CNDB welcome their visitors at the In partnership with ADEME, CIRAD and CNPF, Wood Solutions booth to promote the use of wood FCBA has conducted an exploratory study on in the construction sector through conferences on theenvironmental methods and performance on the strong points of wood construction and the heating with wood, which lays the foundations of presentation of the Wood Construction Catalogue. an important development of methods for 14 calculating such performance according to goals.
16 November 2015 2 December 2015
FPINNOVATIONS AND THE FCBA TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE SIGN A 1ST MEETING WITH THE WOOD MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING LABORATORIES AT FCBA BORDEAUX The understanding, for a 3-year term, enters into This day was devoted to construction products force on 1 November 2015. The first steps will around 3 topics: indoor air quality, fire resistance, include an enhanced sharing of experiences, AEV tests (French acronym for Air/Water/Wind), knowledge, resources and good methods and and permeability of joinery at low pressure. will lead to common research projects. The memorandum aims more specifically to The chemistry laboratory opened its doors to show creating a synergy between the two institutes, to its two rooms (interior volume: 4.8 m3) used to stimulate exchanges on common directions for measure the real scope of emissions from furniture development and devise collaborative projects and exterior woodwork products. in the interest of the members of the respective The Physics Laboratory presented the development forestry industries of the two organisations. of AEV testing standards for joinery, and the new regulatory requirements (EC marking) in fire resistance and reaction to fire, particularly in woodwork. 19 November 2015 A subsequent meeting is planned for autumn 2016. TECHNICAL DAY ON FORESTRY IN MOUNTAIN REGIONS Under the European Simwood project, FCBA organised a technical day on harvesting in sloping 16 December 2015 areas and related decision-making tools. More than a hundred professional participants took part in the FOREST AVAILABILITY FOR ENERGY AND Grenoble delegation. MATERIALS IN 2035 ADEME, the Ministry of Agriculture, Agri-food and Forests, and the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable 26-27 November 2015 Development and Energy, in partnership with IGN and FCBA, presented the results of the last study NANOCELLULOSE SEMINAR on forest availability for energy and materials in FCBA InTechFibres participated in the first 2035. Nanocellulose seminar in France, organised in Grenoble to bring researchers of the sector together, discover French competencies and put scientists from very different industrial sectors together.
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French Pavilion at the Milan World Expo.. FCBA expert on Wood Panel of Judges
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The Government has, through the ministries in charge, introduced performance contracts for technical centres, including institutions, to ensure that actions are in line with the public policies and challenges identi ed by professionals. FCBA capitalises on this support to define its strategy.
This 4-year strategic vision allows us to apprehend our competitive environment from the economic and technological point of view, and to de ne action programmes for the short and medium term, so as to improve competitiveness and provide support to companies in our sectors. The FCBA performance contract comprises all these elements and constitutes the Institute’s roadmap for the years to come. It will generate greater pro tability for all our sectors.
CHALLENGES: The challenges are of different economic and technological orders. The major economic challenge for the forest-wood and furniture sectors is to help create added value on the national territory. (Give priority to transforming forest areas that are not very productive, improve the competitiveness of companies, develop resources, particularly hardwood, etc.). The second challenge is to have the forest-wood sector appreciated for the role it plays in the fight against climate change.
The technological challenges in turn consist of optimising the 1st and 2nd processing procedures, developing new building products that combine wood with other materials, and developing digital technology in the design of products and structures.
Professional organisations also have demands which we have to address. They expect actions from FCBA on:
• The availability of the resource
• The competitiveness of companies established in France
• The characterisation of wood or furniture products
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LINES OF THE PERFORMANCE CONTRACT FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS The different lines of this contract cover essentially the needs of the sectors and industries represented by FCBA.
• Priorities in R&D and innovation according to potential markets and the needs of industrialists (competitiveness, productivity, environment, digitisation):
- Develop national resources by improving the competitiveness of businesses
- Promote sustainable housing conditions
- Boost digital technology in the forest-wood and furniture sectors
- Improve the productivity of forests and contribute to increase the wood harvest in connection with climate change
- Meet the expectations of users (1) to capitalise better on the wooden and furniture products
• Definition and implementation of a policy for technology transfer, dissemination, training, and technology monitoring in coordination with local and European stakeholders.
• Contribution to the development of standardisation and participation in the charting of regulations.
• Promotion of quality of services, in particular by promoting the certification process, and products from the forest-wood and furniture sectors.
• Contribution to the public policies pursued by the State.
Human and technological resources will be deployed by FCBA to meet all those objectives. At the request of Bercy Finances, the performance contract provides for a return to stability for the Institute (after its involuntary investment in Champs-sur-Marne) during the period of this performance contract (Cap 19 operation). FCBA will rely in particular on its partnerships and networks that are the strength and the success of these projects, which are as cross-sectional as can be for our sectors.
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The FCBA Technology Institute is at the heart of a network taking shape at the territorial, national, European and world level. This close link with any partners enables the Institute to:
• Pool teams, investments and skills
• Attain sufficient weight to tackle the issues and challenges facing the sector
• Exchange and share work practices to improve and remain topical.
At the national level, FCBA is part of the network of Industrial Technical Centres (CTI), which comprises 40 establishments and employs 4000 people. For construction, FCBA is a member of the sustainable Construction Materials and Equipment group (known by the French initials MECD), which comprises 5 CTIs (FCBA, CETIAT, CERIB, CTMNC, CETIM). This network is used to share experiences on common topics for the CTIs such as the development and application of research among industrialists.
FCBA is an associate member of the University of Paris – East and has signed an agreement with the University of Bordeaux. Research institutions such as the INRA, CNRS, CSTB, ONF, IDF, ENGREF, IRSTEA, and IGM are also working with FCBA to implement projects, particularly in forestry.
FCBA is also an associate member of FBF and FBIE and contributes extensively to the collective work financed by CODIFAB.
On the territorial level, FCBA works closely with the network of regional inter-professions, France Bois Regions (known by the French initials FBR), association which federates all their actions. Memoranda have been signed with entities particularly as regards continuing training. In 2015, FBR contributed to the gathering of information on the renovation of buildings under the ARBRE project.
FCBA participates also in networks such as the competitiveness clusters (Tenerrdis in Rhône-Alpes, Xylofutur in Aquitaine, Fibres-Energivie in Lorraine and Alsace, Industry and Agri-resources in Champagne - Ardennes, Advancity in Marne-la-Vallée). The Energy Transition Institute INEF 4 (created in connection with the Aquitaine Region, the University of Bordeaux and Nobatek) is also on board in these territorial networks.
Furthermore, cooperation with the institutes in charge of research on forestry and wood products in Europe and abroad is vital and strategic. When issues that interest the sector can be defended at European level, it gives them more weight and enables them to mobilise support and funding with greater ease. A third of the research at FCBA is financed by Europe or by trans-national programmes (Woodwisdom-Net+, Foresterra, SUM-Forest…).
FCBA is also part of “InnovaWood” technical network that develops Training and research services for the wood sector in Europe.
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FCBA aspires to keeping these networks and partnerships going and to revitalising them for the benefit of the entire sector.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 19 08/11/16 09:27 The new FCBA headquarters is far more than a showcase for Yves SCHWARZBACH the sector. As an image driver, it promotes wood in all its guises. Forum, innovation portal and workplace for 150 sta , this building beyond norms illustrates FCBA’s aspiration to Author of turn every space into a demonstration of the wood’s per- “L’institut Technologique FCBA” formance. Ever powerful and light, this building addresses in the «L’esprit a complex programme with simplicity: “Customised” with a du lieu - Architecture» collection touch of modernity which works well with innovative tech- nique.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 20 08/11/16 09:27 WHEN WOOD CONSTRUCTION BECOMES SELF EVIDENT
Success is never a matter of chance. Wood con forest, planks on the building sites and carpenter 20 21 struction has always been synonymous with daring. assemblies. Simple and compact volumes, the ground The performance of the material needs no further floor clad with planks, while two interior struts sculpt proof, but a double challenge of innovation and its thickness. Connecting the laboratories, they structural combination had to be met here. Michel provide a fine volume in the heart of the building. Canac’s architectural design illustrates the potential The offices thus afford pleasant vistas outside, whilst of combining wood, steel and concrete, with combining user-friendliness and ergonomics. Further consummate art. The concrete lift cores are used as up, construction intelligence comes into its own. bracing while freeing modular volumes. The structure Two cantilevered bars, with balconies, cross another uses post-and-beam framing in spruce and Douglas bar in wood and metal. Also clad in wood, slender glued laminated timber, that combines resistance and walkways link these volumes, composing a sort of thermal inertia. The façade features bearing walls interior cathedral, 16 metres high, where light flows with framewood, cladding and brise-soleil in larch, abundantly. spruce and Douglas wood, windows and joinery in This naturalist, sober and generous bias serves as a Scots pine. On the esthetical front, each species has reminder that sustainable construction and innovation its texture, colour and later, patina – industrial quality are complementary. Like wood itself, this building and well-being. delights with elegance, authenticity and simplicity – Nearly 1000 m3 of wood from French forests have which explains the FIMBACTE silver trophy for living been assembled for this biosourced building which environment and the SIMI grand prize received in meets Thermal Regulation 2012 for the tertiary sector 2014. An initial citation whilst waiting another, more and Thermal Regulation RT 2005 for laboratories. humane one, bestowed by its users and visitors, Yet this exploit had to be given meaning. A playful and an inspiration for all project owners, architects, architectural paradigm? Entangled bars, volumes engineers and companies who are passionate about superposed as in a life-size construction game, a wood. traditional base and changing superstructure. A solid and light stacking, reminiscent of logs in a
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 21 08/11/16 09:27 Material innovations to boost productivity while limiting the EMMANUEL CACOT environmental impact of logging works. PHILIPPE RUCH
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 22 08/11/16 09:27 MECHANISATION OF LOGGING
In 2015, FCBA continued, together with its professional INOFOX is a “multifaceted” project to test various 22 23 partners (ETF, operators, cooperatives), its work on the innovations with the professional partners.: search for practical solutions to facilitate the mobilisation of wood in the forest. These works are pursued through • The Envirosys kit test of the lubrication of logging two projects: machine cutting components.
• ECO-MEF on the development of tools to mechanise Its particular feature is that it injects biodegradable hardwood logging; grease, in a very small quantity, at the place where chain oil is normally used, thereby reducing the consumption • INOFOX concerning material innovation in QSE of lubricants substantially. Monitoring moreover (Quality, Safety, Environment). showed that there was an impact on the guide and chain consumption. Furthermore, operators/testers Under ECO-MEF, several problems linked to the appreciated the comfort generated by the system in mechanisation of hardwood logging were identified terms of handling, storage and saving time. As the return (trimming, flexuosity, trees getting caught in shrubs, etc.), on investment in the Envirosys is relatively rapid, this kit which prod the search for new technological designs. facilitates switching to biodegradable lubricant for many mechanised logging companies. In 2015, the works were focused on trimming with the development of special blades. Following laboratory tests, trials were carried out on two logging machines Funders: Regional Councils of Burgundy and Midi-Pyrenees, COPACEL working almost exclusively with hardwood. Several Partners: FCBA, EFM, SEBSO, SKCDP versions of these patented special blades were tested to improve their efficacy gradually. In the end, a 20% improvement was registered in the forming phase, and 50% on the productivity of machines on hardwood. The • The search for additional equipment to increase the optimisation of these blades will be continued in 2016 range of use of holders for logging on soil sensitive before dissemination among professionals. to subsidence. The conditions of using half-tracks in synthetic RAUP F (made by Felasto) for floodplain forests, compared with the metal tracks normally used, could thus be determined.
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Funders: Regional Council of Burgundy; COPACEL FCBA, Ets Denis D’Herbomez Funders: BPI France (FUI project), FEDER, Partners: Regional Councils of Aquitaine, Limousin and Auvergne Departmental Councils of Allier and Puy-de-Dôme, Conurbation of Brive, Community of the municipalities of Clermont-Ferrand Partners: FCBA, ISI, SIGMA (formerly IFMA), IRSTEA, International Paper – Comptoir des bois de Brive, FBR, Lycée Claude Mercier Competitiveness clusters: Viaméca, Xylofutur
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 23 08/11/16 09:27 Although hardwood logging production has declined sharply in France in the JEAN DENIS LANVIN last twenty years, we are now rediscovering the immense potential of such species for construction, particularly in terms of structure, provided the last GUILLAUME LEGRAND regulatory or normative obstacles are removed. Following the campaigns to characterise oak (2004 & 2009) and poplar cultivars (2009 and 2013), FCBA continues its e orts to promote hardwood in construction with technical and institutional partners following the results contained in the report entitled “Valorisation des feuillus” (MINAGRI study - 2011) through the Chestnut Study (2012-2015). In addition, two projects are mobilising the teams of the First Processing, Sup- ply clusters, wood construction industries, and wood laboratories: the French Oak project and the EU Hardwood project.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 24 08/11/16 09:27 VALORISATION OF HARD WOOD IN CONSTRUCTION
Hardwood is not very widespread in wood construction • Supply: definition of the different species, qualities of in Europe, in spite of the importance of the resource, round wood, optimisation of sawing and value models. because of major gaps concerning their mechanical The impact of new uses on the 1st processing is also assessment, integration in current processes system, being studied. the assessment of products made from such species 24 25 and their recognition on the market. • Classification: development of harmonised (visual and machine) classification protocols in connection with To develop the use of hardwood species on the CEN TC 124/WG2/TG1. construction market against such a background, it is necessary to create high-added value projects and to • Reconstitution by gluing: definition of assessment prepare the “regulatory” framework so that they can protocols for gluing adhesives, particularly hardwood find their way on the market. For that, the Beech project species, in connection with CEN TC 193/SC1. (2011-2016) focuses on the phases for the classification of wood and the assessment of reconstituted products • Production and assessment of high added value (laminated wood), a project headed by FCBA with the reconstituted products such as laminated wood and support of the Ministry of Agriculture, CODIFAB, France cross-layer wood: integration of hardwood species from Bois Forêt and ONF. The rules for sorting French beech different origins and qualities in reconstituted products wood by the visual method were approved in 2015, and and their assessment in connection with CEN TC 124/ the amendment of the NF B 52-001 standard is to appear WG3. On the French side, an effort has been made on in 2016, that will also include the chestnut sorting rules. reconstituted products made with French oak. This will make it possible to use the major hardwood species in construction (sawing – solid wood). This project is pursued with research in progress at the national scale such as the characterisation of BLC In parallel, the main objective of the EU Hardwood project products in beech (2016) and BLC products in chestnut (WoodWisdom-Net 2014 – 2016) is to collect existing (2015). knowledge on hardwood species at European level, ensure the recognition thereof for construction, and then include them in efficient, economically viable production models that are suitable for the market.
The partnership put in place brings together countries that are very much involved in the valorisation of hardwood in Europe: Austria (coordinator), Germany, France and Slovenia. The French partners are FCBA and the manufacturer of laminated timber structures Although hardwood logging production has declined sharply in France in the SIMONIN, with the support of ADEME, the Ministry of last twenty years, we are now rediscovering the immense potential of such Agriculture, CODIFAB and France Bois Forêt. species for construction, particularly in terms of structure, provided the last regulatory or normative obstacles are removed. Following the campaigns to To promote the use of hardwood on the construction characterise oak (2004 & 2009) and poplar cultivars (2009 and 2013), FCBA market, it is essential to create high added value products and to prepare the regulatory framework so that they continues its e orts to promote hardwood in construction with technical and can find their way on the market. EU Hardwood is to that institutional partners following the results contained in the report entitled end studying all the phases of the value chain “Valorisation des feuillus” (MINAGRI study - 2011) through the Chestnut Study (2012-2015). In addition, two projects are mobilising the teams of the First Processing, Sup- ply clusters, wood construction industries, and wood laboratories: the French Oak project and the EU Hardwood project.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 25 08/11/16 09:27 Biomass is used for many purposes relating to the climate, Alain THIVOLLE CAZAT energy and sustainable development. Conversely, assessing whether the supply will be su cient and which sources could be mobilised remains a complex undertaking.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 26 08/11/16 09:27 FOREST AVAILABILITY, STRATEGIC CHALLENGE FOR THE SECTOR
In 2015, in partnership with IGN, FCBA finalised a The abundant supply of hardwood will continue to be 26 27 national study on wood availability (materials and energy) undervalued for this usage; in 2035, financed by ADEME, COPACEL and IGN • The supply of softwood, which is in shortage today, It showed that availability was expected to grow by at will not be able to meet the growing demand in all the least 7 million m3 and up to 20 million m3 provided that scenarios; forest management was intensified to a very high degree. This additional availability consists mainly of hardwood, • The demand for energy and industrial wood will be and is situated in small, private properties. met only if the entire available biomass is mobilised: round wood, related products, residues and hardwood These studies of resources and forest availability not used. implement many competencies: These results have made it possible to define the multi- • Knowledge and mastery of the IGN’s Forest Inventory year energy planning. They will enable the regions to databases; define their wood strategy, while industrialists will have a better vision of the development of their supplies. The • Modelling of the growth of forest stands and forestry; knowledge of wood categories available (hardwood in all sizes but increasingly with large wood), their location • Taking into account the conditions of exploitation and (small private properties), make it possible to target the related techniques; exploitation costs and the price of mobilisation actions to be considered. wood to define the volumes of economically feasible harvesting; characteristics of private properties to determine the volumes that are really put on the market.
New data have made it possible to improve substantially the quality of the results: the direct measurement of the harvest in the forest makes it possible to better characterise the property of origin, the species, size and quality; the harvest scenarios are then closer to the reality to simulate future availability and deduce the possible harvest supplement with greater precision. Crossing the maps of private properties that are subject to a management plan makes it henceforth possible to distinguish the availability according to the size of the properties.
A comparison of availability with scenarios for the development of demand drawn up by professionals of the wood sector has shown that:
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 27 08/11/16 09:27 The website ALAIN BOUVET http://base-sylviculture-genetique.fcba.fr was created at the end of 2015.
It lists all the forestry tests and all the genetic references tested by FCBA from the outset (AFOCEL 1962) in the form of metadata.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 28 08/11/16 09:27 BAOGREFF: ACCESS TO 50 YEARS OF FORESTRY DATA
The purpose of this new tool is to make known Beyond the figures, it is also a considerable amount of 28 29 (essentially to the scientific community) the wealth of work by men and women who, day after day, going in our experimental network: one thousand experimental the field to install, maintain and read the devices and devices monitored at this time, 40 000 genetic enter the data in a computerised sheet. This work has references tested. This website was developed as part always been carried out with the highest standards of the European project TREES4FUTURE (contract of scientific accuracy and a concern for sustainability EU-FP7 n° 284181) intended to create, at European so that it could be used by the generations to come. level, a community of researchers in forest genetics This mass of information collected in the preceding and easy access to sources of information at different decades can help us answer questions about the research centres. forest of tomorrow and the challenges it will have to face. The website is an essential link in the It is therefore important to communicate about our transmission chain of this fine heritage. expertise: What species are we working on? Which genetic references have been tested? On what devices? How long ago? What measures have been taken? Etc. This website is therefore an opening to the outside which should ultimately lead to new cooperation schemes and help prepare the future and the forests of tomorrow. It is also the memory of all works carried out in more than 50 years by AFOCEL, then by FCBA in forestry research.
Whether genetic improvement (indigenous or non- indigenous species) or forestry / afforestation (density of planting, thinning intensity, work on the soil, fertilisation), centralisation and the archival storage of all data relating to our work have constituted a constant concern of the institute. The descriptive data on our website accessible to outside people are only a part of our database, because we have detailed data, including all individual measurements per tree: around. 2 million trees monitored and 8 million measurements.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 29 08/11/16 09:27 Research institutes are pooling forces to start preparing Douglas MARIN CHAUMET orchards for the future and to meet the sectors expectations of forest genetics..
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 30 08/11/16 09:27 DOUGLAS OF THE FUTURE, TOWARDS NEW ORCHARDS!
With a surface area of 400 000 hectares, a current These comparison devices, installed in France in 30 31 harvest of slightly more than 2 million m3 which is the large Douglas regions (Burgundy, Limousin, etc.) expected to reach 6 million m3 in 2030, Douglas is a but also in more southern stations, represent more major forest species in France. than 200 trial hectares.
Some 8 million Douglas plants are sold in France They constitute an exceptional gene pool for selecting every year, which represents a reforested area of trees to produce new varieties and also ensure the some 6,000 hectares. The current Douglas varieties improvement and genetic diversity of the species in used stem from 8 seed orchards installed by the the long term. Orchard Technical Coordination Committee (known by the French initials CTC) between 1978 and 1989. The stakeholders of the sector are consulted, with the support of France Douglas, to guide the selections They constitute a first generation of orchards created and thus try to meet their new concerns optimally. to be freed from imports of American seeds and to The new varieties produced will help boost the control the genetic quality of the seeds produced. competitiveness of companies that use Douglas, from the production of plants in the tree nursery, to Today, the orchards suffice for the consumption of the use of wood as a material. French seeds, but are beginning to age. It takes some ten years from the time an orchard is planted to the Under the guidance and with the support of MAAF, time it enters in production. It is therefore necessary the “Douglas for the Future” project led by FCBA, to plan as of now for the renewal of orchards. INRA and ONF, must make it possible to select, by the end of 2018, the future parents of new Douglas For several decades, INRA, FCBA and ONF have varieties adapted to the station conditions and the installed and monitored many comparative plantations needs of industry. from different origins and families, stemming from the entire natural area.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 31 08/11/16 09:27 The actions pursued under this project have shown the PIERRE ALAZARD importance of the conelet dieback phenomenon in the rarefaction of seed production and the positive impact of insecticide treatments in reducing damages probably linked to bugs.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 32 08/11/16 09:27 OPTIGRAINE : DISSEMINATION OF IMPROVED MARITIME PINE VARIETIES
Against the background of high demand for plants (40 Insecticide treatment trials, put in place in 2014 and million plants per year) to meet the needs for post-storm 2015 and carried out with the support of the Regional 32 33 re-afforestation, the rarefaction of improved seeds could Council of Aquitaine, the DRAAF Aquitaine, and the constitute an obstacle to this re-afforestation objective phyto-forest providence fund of orchard managers, within the set deadlines. have proven efficient in reducing the dieback rates significantly. Seed merchants have actually noted low harvest of pine cones on seed orchards as well as low seed yields in These results enabled managers to implement such seed orchards: this observation is linked to high rates treatments on their orchards as of 2015 in order to of dieback of conelets in the first year of the fruit-earing protect young conelets. cycle (more than 50% losses in certain cases), combined with high rates of empty seeds (more than 50% in certain Furthermore, an analysis of the flowering and orchards). fructification in several orchards has shown the importance of the planting site and the genetic These hazards are probably due to multi-factor causes composition of the orchard for several parameters: but the implication of certain pests (bugs) seems to be abundance of flowering, dieback rate, seed yield of borne out cones. The fertility of the station plays an essential role on most of these parameters. To tackle this problem, FCBA has, in partnership with all the stakeholders of the seed and plant sector in FCBA thus provides its expertise to the authorities Aquitaine, developed the Optigraine project (2014- and the seed sector at specific meetings devoted to 2016) to enable operators in the forest seed sector in problems of seed resources; this information will be Aquitaine to optimise production and the dissemination used by orchard managers to choose future sites for of improved seeds in maritime pine seed orchards. new generations of orchards (as of 2016) as well as for the management of current orchards (thinning to The works carried out during the first 2 years of the improve the genetic gain and production of seeds. project have been geared essentially to the knowledge of flowering control factors, the diagnosis of conelet dieback phenomena and the means for protecting conelets against pests.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 33 08/11/16 09:27 A FCBA’s contribution to traceability in cooperage and in the LUC HARVENGT seed and plant sector.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 34 08/11/16 09:27 DNA REVEALS THE ORIGIN AND SPECIES OF OAK
The characteristics of wine are influenced in a The FCBA service is provided to give companies complex manner by the chemical and physical priority so that they can complete their R&D and properties of the wood with which it comes into traceability steps internally. contact during the wine making process. Subsequent developments in progress will extend 34 35 The characteristics of the wood result from the the implementation to wood that is older or has way in which the tree (oak) grows in reaction to undergone additional treatment. its environment (primarily the soil and climate) according to its aptitudes and adaptations that are largely determined by its genetics, i.e. the heredity transmitted by its parents, according to their species.
The two species of oak (sessile oak, Quercus petraea, and English oak, Quercus robur) react differently, although they are present simultaneously in most of the French forests.
Thus, overall, the species and geographic provenance provide information that can summarise the behaviour and performance of the trees that will be planted at a given place, and therefore the qualities that can be expected of oak wood and their impact on wine, constituting a major challenge for cooperage.
The same information is also important for forest seed and plant merchants and their customers. The relevant legislation and buyer demands require that it be mentioned during transactions.
As this information is linked entirely to genetics, it can be deciphered by DNA analysis.
Two efficient DNA analysis processes developed by INRA under the ANR Oaktrack project (Guichoux and Petit, patent registered in 2014) are implemented routinely by FCBA for its customers to determine the oak species of a seed, plant, tree (living or cut less than 6 months earlier, which has not undergone artificial drying). Another process based on the more persistent parts of the wood’s DNA is used to determine the geographic origin (provenance in the genetic sense) on older wood (as well as on acorns, forest plants or living trees, fresh wood, etc. The same procedure is valid for all oak species
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 35 08/11/16 09:27 The variability of the biomolecular content of trees, and Luc HARVENGT especially the selected varieties, is still very ill-known. This information is important for green chemistry, to assess the potential resource and gauge its development.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 36 08/11/16 09:27 GenEcoChem, FOREST BIOMOLECULE DEPOSIT
The variability of the molecule content of forest The GenEcoChem project (2014-2016) funded by 36 37 trees is still ill-known. This is particularly the case Regional Council of Aquitaine explores this variability of the selected varieties which gradually represent in maritime pine and eucalyptus varieties adapted the majority of the wood available for the planting to Aquitaine. The sampling and analysis methods species. This information is important for assessing are honed. A presence/absence catalogue (where the potential resource for green chemistry and for necessary of relative abundance levels) will be drawn gauging its development according to the changes up for the different species and varieties of trees, the made to the line of planted varieties. Furthermore, parts of trees and the different molecules. an important part of that variability corresponds to the adaptations of the trees to their environment in A molecular identity sheet will be established for each the broad meaning of the term, i.e. to abiotic stress species studied, with the molecules of interest and (drought, fertility of the soil, extreme temperatures, their quantification. FCBA will rely on this information etc.) and pests (insects, fungal diseases, game, etc.). to estimate the current and future deposit of different compounds of established industrial interest. A better control of the phytochemical variability and its links with the genetics of trees will improve significantly the capacity of forests to resist and adapt while apprehending more completely the “effective biodiversity” of trees (rather than a supposed biodiversity based on a number of species and/or a number of seed producers). Thus, the variation of the biomolecular content of trees is concurrently a consequence of the selection on the basis of other criteria (growth, adaptation to the station, quality of the wood, etc.) and an adaptation indicator. This indicator could ultimately be used as an indirect selection criterion for the adaptation.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 37 08/11/16 09:27 Under the Syncobio and Pentoval projects, the InTechFibres Michel PETIT CONIL cluster has worked on the extraction and valorisation of hemicellulose extracted from di erent biomasses, including chiey wood. These molecules are a promising source for the production of polymers. .
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 38 08/11/16 09:27 WOOD, AN INTERESTING SOURCE OF POLYMERS
With cellulose and lignin, hemicellulose is the third with the University of Bordeaux (Organic Polymer wood compound, representing 20 to 25% of its mass. Laboratory) and ITERG, is geared, under a They are polysaccharides, more commonly known dissertation, to the valorisation of hemicellulose as sugars, generally extracted and burnt during the extracted from wood, in association with natural fatty production of chemical pulp or maintained in the acids derivatives for the production of amphiphilic 38 39 fibres of mechanical pulp or panels. Hemicellulose polymers (with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic may be mannan or C6 sugar, and/or xylan, C5 sugar. properties). Once extracted from wood, beech xylan is purified, hydrolysed to obtain oligosaccharides, The Pentoval project, financed by the FUI fund the platform molecules or building blocks used to and coordinated by Tereos-Syral, was intended to produce polymers. These molecules are then modified extract and valorise xylan from different lignocellulose by click chemistry so that they can combine with biomass, including beech. Various mechanical/ modified fatty acids derivatives. The first functional chemical treatments were tested by FCBA to facilitate co-polymers that are as efficient as commercial selective extraction under conditions transferable to products, were produced in the laboratory, suggesting industry. These extracted sugars are considered as that valorisation is possible in the medium term. platform molecules, making it possible to consider The work of this thesis has been cited on several specific chemistry for the production of xylitol and occasions and has helped strengthen the cooperation biosourced polymers. The fibrous co-products of with the LCPO laboratory and ITERG. this extraction were valorised for the manufacture of paper pulp and panels. The raw material was thus fully valorised in the form of sugar and materials with suitable properties. The results obtained in the laboratory were confirmed on a pilot scale in cooperation with the Paper Technical Centre (known by the French initials CTP). The works are proof of an additional concept to replace molecules of a petrochemical origin by compounds stemming from wood.
The Syncobio project, financed by the Regional Council of Aquitaine, and implemented in partnership
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 39 08/11/16 09:27 The results of the MOQAPRO and OPTI-SCREEN projects provide Louis MAIRE professional in the sector recommendations and decision-ma- king aid to ensure an optimised monitoring of the supply of Christophe GINET the bioenergy platforms and biomass boilers.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 40 08/11/16 09:27 GOOD PRACTICES FOR ENERGY AND BIOMASS WOOD SUPPLY: MOQAPRO AND OPTI SCREEN 40 41 The MOQAPRO project (ANR, UCFF, ONF, ESPCI- An in-depth study of the operating modes and IDSET, FCBA, 2015) pertains to research in tools and sampling parameters (number, size and location methods to improve the quantitative and qualitative of samples) was concluded by conducting monitoring of woodchips production. interviews at boilers and sampling campaigns on specially constituted loads (770 samples, 980 After a European benchmarking of logistical supply humidity measurements, 390 grain size and ash chains, a summary of good practices for the storage measurements). of products along the road and on a platform was prepared. The set of analyses led to the preparation of operating datasheets, collected under a protocol, in the form of The use of Walki paper tarpaulin to cover piles of decision-making aids and recommendations. energy wood was tested on different worksites. Several solutions (laser, imaging) were assessed to This OPTI-SCREEN protocol enables the site measure the volume of woodchips pile. manager to define the sampling parameters (before the sampling itself) according to the characteristics of Finally, an experimental device was developed his supply and the precision desired for the measures. and tested in the field to measure the humidity of The operator in charge of acceptance may also use a woodchips pile, in a lorry or on a platform, while the OPTI-SCREEN protocol after the sampling to doing away with sampling. calculate the uncertainty of each measurement (X% ± ..%) of humidity, grain size, and ash content. The OPTI-SCREEN project (ADEME, DALKIA SA, ENGIE LAB, FCBA, 2015) deals with the qualitative monitoring (humidity, grain size, ashes) of approved biomass brought to boilers in lorries.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 41 08/11/16 09:27 With the relocation of FCBA to Champs-sur-Marne, the drying Gabriel ROBERT laboratory installed on the historical site on the Avenue de Saint-Mandé in Paris was relocated to the Bordeaux site: an opportunity to invest in new equipment for industrial research and development. .
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 42 08/11/16 09:27 A WOOD DRYING LABORATORY IN BORDEAUX
The relocation of FCBA headquarters from Avenue The second is a solar drying project in partnership 42 43 de Saint-Mandé, in Paris to Champs-sur-Marne with Base Innovation, a company that makes thermal was an opportunity to move the drying laboratory solar panels in Aquitaine, and Cathild Industrie. to Bordeaux and to invest in a new Acclimatised Financed in part by ADEME, this project aims to Hot Air Dryer supplied by Cathild Industrie, a French develop a bi-energy drying solution, using as much dryer manufacturer. as possible solar energy captured by thermal solar panels and completed as much as possible by energy The new Acclimatised Hot Air Dryer has been available permanently because it can be stored, such operational since July 2015. The activity was as gas, fuel or electricity. The ultimate aim is to be taken over at the beginning of September and the able to provide industrialists with a drying tool whose equipment was operated at full capacity until the cost could drop because it uses free energy, without end of December to make up for time lost at the sacrificing deadlines and drying quality. beginning of the year. The drying laboratory and its latest generation Two collective projects on drying were launched in equipment will serve as experimentation ground for 2015. combining solar panels with the acclimatised hot air dryer, and for quantifying the energy ratios (solar The first is a project for drying Aleppo Pine aimed at energy/primary energy) being considered for the establishing an appropriate drying table for structural use Aquitaine region, and by extrapolation for France as a (final humidity: 18%) and providing the first elements for an whole. Thus, an assessment of the average cost of the economic assessment of the drying of this Mediterranean drying will make it possible to assess the economic species, the resource of which is not fully exploited today feasibility of this “green” solution. because of lack of outlets. The results of this study will enable sawyers who want to work with this species with many potential applications to dry the material under good conditions, without degrading it, and to valorise it.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 43 08/11/16 09:27 Under the Ecoinflow and Optienergie projects, FCBA is Xavier BLAISON providing guidance and support to sawyers to implement innovative solutions so as to reduce their energy consumption. This pragmatic approach is a promising source for a direct improvement of their exploitation account.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 44 08/11/16 09:27 TOWARDS SAWING ENERGY CONSUMPTION CONTROL
In a context of an economic crisis and climate Capitalising on the dynamic created by ECOINFLOW, 44 45 change, energy performance has the double appeal FCBA, in partnership with the FNB (National wood of a less energy-intensive activity through an energy Federation), proposed the “OPTIENERGIE” consumption reduction and related GHGs, and of programme to French sawmills, with financial support reducing the production costs through a lower energy from ADEME: It is a collective operation of energy bill. diagnostics among some fifteen French sawmills. The purpose of this project is to gain as much as possible Financed by Europe, the ECOINFLOW project, detailed knowledge of consumption items in sawing, which brings together four European technical reduce the production costs and environmental impact centres (including FCBA), professional federations by a reduction in energy consumption, and optimise (including the National Wood Federation) and some consumption. Recommendations have already been fifty companies (including 18 French saw mills) was put forward to attain up to 15% of energy savings. The intended to put in place and develop existing energy very operational action, initiated in 2014, is continued management systems, establish a European network in 2016 with the dissemination of information to and on the theme “energy savings in sawing” to promote awareness raising among companies. A “memo of the transfer of successful experiments, showcase good practices,” summarising virtuous practices, tips practical cases of energy savings (drying, sawing, and recommendations will be placed at the disposal handling, etc.), make recommendations and provide of sawyers as a decision-making aid that leads to advice and guidance to volunteer companies on a reduction of costs relating to energy in the short, implementing an energy management system. medium and long term.
In the end, the inter-European strategy explains how a reduction of 4.5 TWH/year in European sawmills could be achieved in the long-term. FCBA has set out the impact objectives for the French sawing sector through the consortium, i.e. a reduction that could reach total savings of 11.7 GWh/year by applying the recommendations put forward.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 45 08/11/16 09:27 Various articles have appeared in the press since recent months Patrick MOLINIÉ showing the progress in the use of wood in the construction of medium- to large height buildings. There are di erent reasons for this: a growing demand for housing, the implementation of the energy transition law and the need to erect e cient buildings from the energy and environmental perspective, as well as the determination of customers to capitalise on national competencies and resources. It’s against this background that FCBA has embarked on di erent actions to help and support professionals in this international movement to: promote the construction of buildings di erently… but with wood.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 46 08/11/16 09:27 MULTI STOREY WOOD CONSTRUCTION
FCBA involved in the multi-storey building dynamic cooperation agreement in July 2015 to contribute to since 2011 the development of the use of wood and biosourced materials in future buildings in Marne-la-Vallée (77). Since 2011, project owners and developers with whom Several projects were initiated in 2015, including the first FCBA cooperates have noted the need to build more works for the construction of a 10-storey wooden tower, in a low carbon territory approach. It is against this by ARbonis at the Cité Descartes, or various operations 46 47 background that the BAOBAB programme was started under the programme BIM, BOIS, BEPOS (B3). in 2012 in Aquitaine, at the initiative of FCBA, to be a representative group of all stakeholders in construction FCBA is also involved in various R&D or innovation to cooperate, to have them move forward and enable projects with project owners and industrialists keen to them to provide an efficient and reproducible industrial develop new, wood-based technical solutions. offer so as to position themselves in medium- and large- height wooden buildings. Several stakeholders have And a recognition of the competencies of FCBA abroad thus embarked on this collaborative project, including The determination to use wood in medium and large the developers Bordeaux Euratlantique and Pichet, height buildings is in line with international developments. social fund provider Aquitanis, glued laminated wood Countries such as Canada and Japan adapted their manufacturer Sacba, as well as the builder IBS. This regulations in the beginning of 2015 to allow construction project finds support also from local institutional entities of wooden buildings. such as the Regional council of Aquitaine, Direccte, Draaf, Dreal and the Xylofutur cluster which labelled Against this background, FCBA signed a cooperation the project in 2013. The results are rapidly conclusive, agreement with the Canadian research centre since concrete building operations have been initiated, FPInnovations in November 2015. Many exchanges particularly with the construction of the “Perspective” and projects are under way. office programme by the Pichet group, or many wood operations launched by Aquitanis with an R+9 operation FCBA was also asked by the French Embassy in Tokyo, recently in Talence. This dynamic had a “snowball” effect at the request of JIA, to organise a meeting in September and other stakeholders in Aquitaine came on board 2015 in Japan. At the end of these exchanges in Osaka, with technical support from FCBA in the form of project Kyoto and Tokyo, cooperation was put in place between management assistance and assistance to developers FCBA and various Japanese partners. to define their wood valorisation strategy. The initiative of Bordeaux Euratlantique is particularly worth noting, And what will the future be as it officialises a commitment to produce 25,000 m² It is essential to maintain this dynamic and FCBA is of construction wood per year. It moreover concluded providing support for this drive by getting involved in contracts with Eiffage and Kaufman & Broad at the different projects. In that capacity, FCBA is adhering beginning of the year for the construction of the first two to and participating in the actions of the New 50-metre wood towers in the world. From the industrial Industrial France Plan which has led to the ADIVbois point of view, the concrete results of the BAOBAB association, created at the initiative of Frank Mathis action are on the agenda, as Sacba is to launch its CLT and Dominique Weber, the aim of which is to make production unit and obtain its ATEX in 2015, and IBS is available efficient technical solutions assessed under developing MBS 2.0, an innovative solution that includes a collective framework, so as to give everyone the CLT and the traditional wooden frame for the envelope tools and resources to design, build and arrange part. It is worth noting that these two industries are part residential buildings of medium and large height in of the winning teams for the wooden tower projects. wood.
FCBA expertise exported in France FCBA moreover remains in contact with territorial Based on these successes, FCBA was asked by Dreal initiatives, including Xylobuild to guide and support this Burgundy to transfer the model of the action initiated progress. under BAOBAB. This made it possible to launch the B3 Burgundy Wooden Building in 2013, led by Dreal Burgundy, with technical support from FCBA
FCBA is providing guidance and support to other public developers to define their wood strategy, and it is against that background that FCBA and Epamarne signed a
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 47 08/11/16 09:28 BIM: Building Information Modelling. Serge LE NEVÉ
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 48 08/11/16 09:28 BIM: WOOD SECTOR ACTION PLAN
At the outset of this action, FCBA planned a shared involved, the level of technological attainments for reflection at the meeting of the professional committee the software, and the impact that the development on wooden structural works in October 2014. of BIM can have on the different components of the construction sector At that time, Bertrand Delcambre (now in charge of the PTNB [Plan for Digital Transition in Construction]) We invited a certain number of BIM experts to share had been commissioned by the Ministry of Housing to our reflections, and were thus able to chart an initial 48 take stock of the appropriation of the BIM approach action plan over 3 to 5 years in the wood sector. 49 by construction stakeholders nationwide. This action plan comprises 6 priority themes: It is worth noting that this BIM approach has been j Contribution to the production of the PPBIM widely developed for a long time in a certain number dictionary for the structure and wood product of industrial sectors such as aeronautics and the sections. automobile industry. Conversely, it is worth bearing in mind that no “single stitch” type objects are created k Contribution to the production of a BIM User’s in these sectors, as is mostly the case in construction. guide by the construction stakeholders for the This difference is capital and explains in large measure wood structure parts. this appropriation discrepancy. l Contribution to the creation of Generic Object Bertrand Delcambre was invited to the meeting in databases for wood or wood-based products. October 2014, and was able to give us a summary of m “Bimisation” of the Wood Construction Catalogue. the elements he had been gathering for some months. He also announced to us that the public authorities n National & European standardisation monitoring. considered the shift to BIM in construction a matter o Awareness raising, training and support of priority, and intended to launch a PTNB slated to forstakeholders in the wood sector. start in 2015. Our sector is involved to help produce generic tools On these bases, the professionals of the structural and collective initiatives in construction, managed works committee asked FCBA to launch a discussion by PTNB in particular. group on this BIM issue. Actions 1 and 3 were launched for production in During the same period, one of the CSF groups February 2016. These works were carried out with (Challenge 2) had given priority to this BIM issue as prioritised financing from professionals (CODIFAB/ a challenge for the wood sector in the years to come. CODIFA/FBF). A single discussion group was thus created under the Worth mentioning: aegis of CSF, and although it started with a structure- based core, it soon expanded widely to include • A request from CODIFAB to carry out a European professional organisations covering structures and wood BIM workshop in 2016. products in carpentry, coating, design, furniture, etc. • The coming together of the BIM CSF wood sector This group is chaired by Patrick Maillard with Médiaconstruct. (Entreprise BRARD: carpentry, design). The BIM high-speed train in construction is on the The technical coordination is provided by Serge way. The wood sector has moved up in one of the Le Nevé (FCBA) assisted by Benoît Gilliot (FCBA). head train sets. The final destination is not identified and the trip risks being long, but we know which The group consists of the following entities in route to take to reach the station in December 2016! particular: CAPEB, UMB FFB, UICB, UFME, UNIFA, IBC, FNB, CODIFAB, Publishers of wood sector software, Publishers of BIM software, Publishers of BIM product databases, PhD students at the School of Bridges, BIM Specialists (UNSFA, CSTB…). It met on six occasions in 2015. This first year of study made it possible to grasp collectively the stakes relating to BIM and the digital model in construction. Understanding these challenges means identifying the stakeholders
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 49 08/11/16 09:28 FCBA has participated in several projects since 2009 in research CAROLE FAYE and assessment of earthquake-resistant structures: timber frame walls, industrialised carpentry, half timbering, and curtain-type LAURENT LE MAGOROU facades. JEAN CHARLES DUCCINI RENAN LACROZE
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 50 08/11/16 09:28 BEHAVIOUR OF WOOD CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS IN SEISMIC AREAS
Wooden structures have excellent qualities in the event in a half-timbered house project following the Haiti 50 51 of earthquakes. The high resistance / wood mass ratio earthquake to meet the local demand. as well as the dissipative capabilities of the metal assemblies of these construction systems make them These works were presented during technical days and an efficient solution against earthquakes. a European workshop on wood construction in seismic areas in 2014 and 2015 to raise awareness about the Owing to a lack of scientific knowledge on the subject, properties of wood-based construction systems among Eurocode 8 (European code for calculating seismic professionals. structures) does not include the dynamic properties of wooden components at their fair values. In the future, we will contribute to the implementation of high-rise wooden buildings by providing technical Several research programmes in the seismic behaviour elements through the assessment of the dynamic of wooden structures have been conducted at FCBA to behaviour of this type of structural work. improve scientific knowledge and optimise design. The success of these actions is the result of cooperation with: The research actions are managed by Carole Faye. • The research laboratories Pascale Institute of Blaise The assessment projects are managed by Laurent Le Pascal University, the 3RS of Joseph Fournier Magorou. University, the LMT of the Cachan ENS, the I2M of the The experimental studies are headed by University of Bordeaux, and the University of Shizuoka Jean-Charles Duccini and Renan Lacroze in Japan,
• The technical and scientific centres CEA, BRGM, CSTB, and CTMNC,
• Professionals: the MiTek society, the Simpson Strong- Tie society, the SCIBO professional association, the IMERYS roofing society, and the Structure Boyer- Leroux society.
The research teams at the CIAT and the Mechanical Laboratory at the FCBA Construction cluster in Bordeaux pooled their scientific and technical resources and developed a seismic platform.
The results of studies conducted on the framewood walls with OSB fixed by staples or tacks, as well as industrialised carpentry are going to be included in Eurocode 8. These studies thus meet the demand of professionals so that construction solutions represent the essence of the French wooden construction market. Simplified design rules for the implementation of wooden carpentry according to different seismic risk areas have been proposed to professionals.
Given this research work, FCBA has also cooperated
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 51 08/11/16 09:28 Implementation of a methodology for the assessment of the Sylvain BOULET overall comfort adapted to di erent types of buildings (detached houses, town houses, collective housing, etc.) and for di erent uses (housing, o ces, education, hotel and catering), using appropriate indicators.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 52 08/11/16 09:28 LABEL COMFORT
The COMFORT LABEL project, with financial support This software can be used for a building diagnosis. from the Regional Council of Aquitaine, has deve- As in the case of an energy performance diagnosis, loped a computerised tool: FCBA has acquired a it makes it possible to obtain a subjective evaluation light and intuitive graphical interface to assess the of the room studied and provide a qualifying label of overall comfort of a building, irrespective of the type the overall comfort thereof. (residential or tertiary). In the case of a renovation project, this programme The comfort was then assessed with two approaches. can be used to identify directly the improvements 52 53 The first approach focuses on physical measurements to each comfort component of the building. To that in the interior environment such as temperature, end and in line with the design, an assessment will humidity, lighting, etc. These magnitudes are be conducted before the works commence to identify measured using different sensors and recorders to the parameters to be improved so as to obtain a determine the different pre-defined comfort indicators. better overall comfort for the users of the building. A subjective assessment is carried out in parallel Property managers and project owners in charge of with this objective comfort assessment. It is based improving their assets will be aided by identifying on surveys among users of the buildings studied. priority criteria to be taken into account. The results from these two approaches are then combined to determine the level of overall comfort For the new property market, a new adapted to be attained, to devise a solid multi-criterion analysis methodology will be used to monitor the commitments adapted to our task and to put in place a Comfort undertaken by the project owners upon the delivery of Label computerised tool. a building on the basis of the performance determined by calculations, modelling or expert opinions, so as Measuring campaigns have been carried out in to go from a rule of means to an objective of results premises for different uses: for the quality of environments.
• Living spaces: detached house and apartment . • Public spaces: classrooms (secondary school and auditorium) • Work spaces: individual office and landscape office
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 53 08/11/16 09:28 A consortium around Optimum, led by the VICA team of the SARAH COUILLAUD Furniture cluster, from 2012 to 2015, transformed the housing design process towards housing that can be adapted to the JEAN MARC BARBIER diversity of elderly persons and to changes in their way of life.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 54 08/11/16 09:28 HABITAT SENIORS : CO INNOVATION FOR AND IN USE
Stakes and objectives their medical and family carers and persons close to 54 55 The challenges presented by the ageing of the population them were involved to share their real use experiences and the growing need of the elderly to stay in their home and to co-design innovative solutions adapted to their are at the origin of a learning and innovative approach ways of life. that combines the converging views and expertise of all the stakeholders: Results of the project A social project of reference, Habitat Seniors has made it • For the industrial partners, Habitat Seniors means that possible to develop 11 product and service innovations they can check their solutions in view of the life styles in different industrial sectors, some of which have led to of senior citizens, review their modes of production, co-patents. Beyond their use for seniors, the solutions reconsider their processes and engage in original inter- obtained from this approach find transgenerational fields company cooperation. of application, thereby showing the value of a design approach for all and for each. • For users, the participatory observation and co-design of solutions enables them to become stakeholders in These innovations have led to an initial concrete result: the project. They are equipped to convey their current housing – prototype in Les Senioriales, a rest home in uses to industrialists and to develop relevant solutions Émerainville. In this space, there are no walls any more, with them for the uses of tomorrow. Capitalising on but partitions that transform the volumes of different their expertise, Habitat Seniors is a way of turning rooms in less than 3 hours. Each use by senior citizens senior citizens into stakeholders in their environment. is reflected in integrated equipment, which anticipated a modular design. Project approach and supported companies Habitat Seniors is the first project carried out under “co- innovation for and in use,” bringing together 13 additional housing management companies. Innovation project methodologies based on real uses and for future uses have been developed in partnership with the Paragraph laboratory of University of Paris VIII.
Challenging the traditional points of use of housing design, the design process has been reconsidered entirely, putting forward the “expertise of all its stakeholders and involving the users.”
From the upstream phases, some thirty senior citizens,
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 55 08/11/16 09:28 A major campaign on indoor air quality in dwellings (QAI) VALÉRIE GOURVÈS conducted in 2003-2005 showed that 10% of the dwellings su ered from multi-pollution. A study conducted by ANSES ELISABETH RAPHALEN estimates that this deterioration of indoor air costs €19 billion a year in terms of healthcare. The di erent levers for action studied seriously by the public authorities to reduce said pollution and its consequences on human health, the reduction at source of volatile pollutants contained in the products in general and furniture products in particular, constitute one option.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 56 08/11/16 09:28 REDUCTION OF VOLATILE POLLUTANTS IN FURNITURE: STAKES AND CONSTRAINTS 56 57
It was therefore to guide the choice of consumers to Another objective was to develop a methodology products with less impact on indoor air quality that the to estimate the contribution of furniture from its programming act relating to the implementation of the constituent materials. The summary of the results from Grenelle Environment Forum known as “Grenelle 1” the hypothesis made, i.e. the results of emissions from provided, under article 40, the introduction of mandatory components is higher or even the same as that of the labelling for volatile pollutant emissions from furniture complete furniture item, has not been systematically as of 2012. This provision proofed difficult to put in shown. This observation may have an impact on the place in the furniture sector, which entails multiple interpretation of the results relating to formaldehyde. combinations of materials and covers, the size of The labelling of buildings based on knowledge of the test chambers required, etc. formaldehyde emissions from its components has in certain cases actually led to a sub-classification of the To comply with this future regulatory provision, FCBA, furniture. via its cluster of wood laboratories (chemistry- ecotoxicology laboratory) and its furniture market These different results led to new studies in 2014- cluster, has been heading various studies since 2010 2015 (“MOBAIR ISO 16000”, “MOBAIR-PRO”) to assess the contribution of furniture to indoor air to consolidate the initial attainments, but also to quality. Two study projects were carried out between continue to gain knowledge on the contributions from 2010 and 2013 to characterise VOC and formaldehyde furniture and materials (office and community). Of emissions by furniture through different areas involving the “disseminatable” results at this time, as in the young children. previous MOBAIR studies, only formaldehyde and, to a lesser extent, VOCs showed emission levels that could - MOBAIR- C: Contribution du MOBilier à la qualité influence the interpretation of the results. de l’AIR des Crèches [Contribution of Furniture to Air Quality in Creches] All these results are used on this day in discussions with the MEEM under the regulatory draft bill for - MOBAIR-DE: Contribution du MOBilier à la qualité de furniture products, but the story on this subject l’AIR Domestique Enfants [Contribution of Furniture to continues. The stakes are all the more higher in the Domestic Air Quality for Children] furniture sector as new labelling could entail a decrease in the competitiveness of companies which are already These two projects have made it possible to rank facing keen competition from large scale imports. pollutants likely to be emitted by furniture for babies or young children. Only the results relating to formaldehyde have turned out to be really discriminating. They depend on the composition of the furniture (type of support), solid covering and applied finishing, and its emission surface in indoor air.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 57 08/11/16 09:28 Wood packaging, such as crates and pallets, is widely used Isabelle LE BAYON in France in contact with food. However, there are very few scienti c studies on the microbiological aspect of wood. In spite of the European Regulation (EC) no. 1935/2004, which requires that packaging in contact with food must be innocuous to food, there are no microbiological analysis methods for wood. At the initiative of the light wood packaging sector (SIEL), and thanks to funding from France Bois Forêt (FBF), a dissertation has been written by Rached Ismail working in three research institutes (ONIRIS, ACTALIA, FCBA).
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 58 08/11/16 09:28 WOOD IN CONTACT WITH FOOD: MICROWOOD THESIS 2012 2015
58 MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISATION 59 OF THE “MICRO ORGANISM WOOD FOOD” SYSTEM
Objectives Conclusions This study was intended to: Manufacturers of wood packaging (crates, pallets, cheese boxes, etc.) and maturation boards now • Select a microbiological analysis method for wood have a quality control method for the microbiological packaging; analysis of their products.
• Study a possible transfer of wood micro-organisms The results published following this dissertation* to food. The wood-cheese model and the crate- (Ismail and al., 2014; Montibus and al., 2016; Aviat apple model have been studied. and al. 2016) show the very good aptitude of wood for contact with food. The ultimate aim was to conduct a scientific assessment of the microbiological aptitude of wood for contact with food Main Publications* Outcome of the dissertation Ismaïl R., Aviat F., Michel V., Le Bayon I., Gay-Perret P., In an initial phase, 2 methods were selected for Kutnik M., Federighi M. 2013. Methods for Recovering the microbiological analysis of wood. Samples of Microorganisms from Solid Surfaces Used in the Food Industry: A Review of the Literature. International Journal of poplar, maritime pine and spruce were artificially Environmental Research and Public Health 10(11): 6169-6183. contaminated by organisms (which can alter foods) Ismaïl R., Le Bayon I., Michel V., Jequel M., Kutnik M., Aviat then analysed. The crushing method is particularly F., Federighi M. 2014. Comparative study of three methods efficient. It can henceforth be used as a quality for recovering microorganisms from wooden surfaces in the food industry. Food Analytical Methods DOI 10.1007/s12161- control tool for thin wood packaging (thickness ≤ 5 014-0008-3 mm). The planning method is most suited to thick Montibus M., Ismaïl R., Michel V., Federighi M. , Aviat F., Le wood (maturation boards, pallets). The transfer of Bayon I. 2016. Assessment of Penicillium expansum and wood micro-organisms to foods was quantified in a Escherichia coli transfer from poplar crates to apples. Food second phase. Poplar samples were contaminated Control . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0956713515301134 then put in contact with apples. The transfer of micro- organisms from wood to apples was below 0.25%. Aviat F., Gerhards C., Rodriguez-Jerez J.J., Michel V., Le Bayon I., Ismaïl R., Federighi M. 2016. Microbial safety of wood in Similar results were obtained on maturation boards contact with food: a review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food with the transfer to cheese below 3%. These low Science and Food Safety. DOI:10.1111/1541-4337.12199. microbiological transfer rates were obtained in spite * List is not exhaustive of a very severe wood contamination scenario.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 59 08/11/16 09:28 Under the ComExt Bois I & II projects, The Economy & Prospects Anne-Laure LEVET cluster conducted work on the determinants of the performance of French industry in the wood sector that come into play for their international competitiveness.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 60 08/11/16 09:28 INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE FOREST WOOD SECTOR, AN INDUSTRIAL STAKE OF €3 BILLION 60 61
The deficit of the wood sector in France’s foreign Finally, the significance of determinants tested under trade is seen paradoxical, given the scope of its forest this study varies according to the wood sectors acreage. Similarly, France has a round wood mobilisation (woodwork products, pulp, paper-cardboard, wooden rate comparable and even superior to other countries furniture), underscoring the need to continue the works (Germany, Austria, Italy) which nonetheless post a trade by isolating the different sectors. surplus of several billion euros. Against that background, the ComExt-Bois projects analysed certain factors on the The results, presented to the agriculture academy on 22 export performance of the French forest-wood sector. September 2015, have been published in two scientific ComExt bois II was carried out in partnership with the publications (RFF & Journal of Forest Economics). BETA of the University of Strasbourg and received financial support from GIPE ECOFOR.
The analysis of the export competitiveness determinants concentrated on the role of certain key factors: availability of the forest resource (round wood), final demand, and industrial performance. The analyses carried out based on the data of some fifteen countries showed that:
• The availability of the resource (round wood) has a significant positive impact on the net exports of wood industries. But analyses have shown that beyond the single local forest resource, it is more broadly access to the (local or imported) raw material that influences the performance of industries.
• The more a product is processed, the more it frees itself from the availability of round wood of the country where it is produced.
• Internal demand has a negative influence on the net exports of wood products. The bigger the country (in demographic terms), the less inclined national companies are to export, because they first seek to meet the needs of their internal market.
• Industrial performance is a significant determinant for explaining the difference in export performance between countries. In particular, an increase in productivity (total productivity of factors) has a positive impact on the net export of woodwork products.
Conversely, labour costs, which include salaries and social security charges, have a significant negative impact on net exports.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 61 08/11/16 09:28 Certi cation guarantees the sustainability of product usage VALÉRIE GOURVÈS performance, provides reassurance criteria for their origin, and contributes to promoting a local French resource by creating a FRANÇOIS CHARRIER con dence chain between producers and users. PHILIPPE PAQUET
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 62 08/11/16 09:28 CERTIFICATION: DEVELOPMENT LEVER
Enhance the standards to include the expertise of Give preference to French wood companies To promote wood produced in French forests, the In line with a more general reflection on the develop- Association “Préférez le bois français” [Give preference ment and the positioning of voluntary certification, the to French wood], and APECF, APEP France Douglas, and 62 63 standards NF Fenêtres (wooden windows) and NF Portes the National Wood Federation embarked on introducing résistant au feu (fireproof doors) were completely recast the “French Wood” mark. in 2015. Positioned among the 34 sectors singled out by the The competent authorities made a major contribution government, the French wood sector met in 2014, at to the success of the preparatory technical committees, the occasion of the Nantes Wood Crossroads, behind where the key words were: simplification of procedures, the slogan “Give preference to French wood” identified legibility for the market, development of differentiating by species per product (hardwood and softwood). criteria, and due account of the expertise of companies. The purpose of the “French Wood” mark is to cover a complete offer for customers in all sectors: energy wood, The renovation of these marks is accompanied by a paper pulp, packaging, pallets, panels, construction, communication plan in connection with our partners design, etc. … AFNOR CERTIFICATION, CSTB and UFME. This mark aspires to greater visibility of the French offer Certify the origin of product manufacturing of wood products and the promotion on the market. The furniture sector has in the last 10 years suffered The mark holds two big promises: products labelled particularly from massive imports, leading to the “French Wood” will be composed of wood from French destruction of businesses and loss of jobs. In parallel, forests and will be assembled and processed in France. consumers are increasingly more interested in By being clearly labelled, French wood products will transparency as to the origin of products. The furniture show that they meet the expectations of users for a sector thus naturally turned to the OFG® so that complete, structured, quality offer. The provenance of the consumers can engage in a civil act by choosing French- wood can then become a real additional differentiating made products. criterion to guide the choice of buyers. By involving also professional users of wood, this approach helps At the request of the furniture sector in particular, in establish a network of companies with proximity and the beginning of 2014, FCBA has thus become one of quality relations. the bodies capable of providing the “Origine France Garantie” [French Origin Guaranteed] mark. Pursuant to FCBA is fully in line with this approach. As an inspection its basic standard, the mark requires 50% of the unit cost body, in 2015 it responded to an invitation to tender price of a product on the territory, as well as essential organised by “Give preference to French wood” and characteristics, likewise obtained in France. stands ready to issue the “French Wood” label as soon as it has received confirmation of its accreditation. In 2015, FCBA thus labelled several companies in different professional sectors (carpentry, furniture, etc.). In accordance with certifications such as PEFC where it is the European leader in number of competent authorities, FCBA will contribute to the development of the “French Wood” mark, through its pragmatic approach and recognised expertise.
RA vision d'ensemble en anglais.indd 63 08/11/16 09:28 PRESENCE THROUGH THE NATIONAL TERRITORY NATIONAL
HEAD OFFICE TERRITORIAL Furniture DELEGATIONS Environment Economy SOUTH-WEST 1st processing Supply Allée de Boutaut - BP227 10 Rue Galilée 33028 Bordeaux Cedex 77420 Champs-sur-Mame Tel: +33 (0)172 84 97 84 SOUTH-EAST Domaine Universitaire CS 90251 BORDEAUX 38044 Grenoble Cedex 9 Wood Construction Tél : +33 (0)4 76 15 40 70 Industries Wood Laboratories CENTRE WEST Allée de Boutaut - BP227 Domaine des Vaseix 33028 Bordeaux Cedex 87430 Verneuil-sur-Vienne Tél : +33 (0)5 56 43 63 00 Tél : +33 (0)5 55 48 48 10
GRENOBLE NORTH-WEST InTechFibres Cluster 60, route de Bonnencontre University campus 21170 Charrey-sur-Saône CS 90251 Tél : +33 (0)3 80 36 36 20 38044 Grenoble Cedex 9 Tél : +33 (0)4 76 15 40 70 WEST 15 boulevard Léon Bureau CESTAS-PIERROTON 44000 Nantes Biotech – Advanced Forestry Tél : +33 (0)6 35 10 45 82 cluster 71 route d’Arcachon 33610 Cestas Tél : +33 (0)5 56 79 95 00
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