NATIVE South Australian Plant Book

Luke Kluske, Sally Rowett, Stephanie Pope 01 introduction 4-5

02 adelaide plains region 6-31

03 adelaide hills region 32-59

04 adelaide coastal region 60-87

05 plant index 88-89

06 reference list 90-91

Introduction | South Australian Native Plants 1 Introduction

This booklet is a guide so some of South Australia’s native flora, exploring three key regional typologies: the Adelaide Plains region, the Adelaide Hills region, and the coastal regions of the state. Each booklet section outlines ten native Australian plants within these three typologies, and explores planting designs, expressing the diversity in uses of each 1 typology plant list. Native Plants of the Adelaide Plains 2 The growing region of the Adelaide Plains was originally characterised as an open grassy landscape with areas of trees and shrubbery, foothills with bare coverage of trees and higher hills which were much more densely vegetated. Species within the region consist of trees, shrubs, grasses, sedges, climbers and ground covers, all of which are suitable to the local climatic conditions tolerating drought, frost and soil salinity. Such characteristics make the selection of Adelaide Plains useful in planting designs for a range of uses including structural planting, screening, hedging and formal and 2 informal garden beds. Acacia paradoxa Umbrella Wattle

Characterised by a large shrub with ribbed branchlets that are often arched downward. It is dense with prickly foliage, and should some caution should be taken when planting in high traffic areas. It acts as important habitat plant for birds and small mammals.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Acacia Green, Prickly

Family Flower Fabaceae Globular, yellow in colour Large Shrub Plant Origin Flowering Time HEIGHT SA, WA, Qld, NT, Victoria Spring

Growth Habits Fruit Dense, Spreading Straight to curved cylindrical seed pod (legumes) 4 – 7 cm 2-4m Landscape long usually softly hairy, seeds Coast, Plains, Footslopes, Hills longitudinal SPREAD Design Uses Tolerates Habitat, Ornamental, Screen, Drought, Lime, Moderate frost Hedge Maintenance Requirements 2-5m Soil Type Nil Clay, Loam, Sand POSITION Soil Tolerance Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral

Full Sun - Part Shade

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Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak (Southern Lofty)

Characterised as a medium sized bushy tree with a rounded head. It has weeping dark green branchlets that produce brown male flowers from winter to spring. They produce a sound like the ocean when the wind blows through their leaves.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Allocasuarina Evergreen

Family Flower Casuarinaceae Spikes, yellow and red in Medium tree colour Plant Origin HEIGHT SA Flowering Time Autumn, Winter Growth Habits Medium Tree Fruit Cones sessile, long-cylindrical 5-8m Landscape or ovoid 2-5cm long, 2-3cm Coastal footslopes, Plains, in diameter; fruiting bracteoles SPREAD Footslopes, Hills broadly acute, rugose and convex on the back Design Uses Screening, wind breaks and Tolerates shelterbelts Drought, Lime, Heavy frost, 4-6m Soil salinity Soil Type POSITION Clay, Loam, Sand Maintenance Requirements Nil Soil Tolerance Acidic, Alkaline

Full Sun

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Eremophila nivea Silky Eremophila

A highly ornamental but hardy foliage plant. Plant singly for contrast or grouped as an informal hedge, feature in borders, roadside verges and raised beds. Prefers well- drained soils but can tolerate limited periods of inundation. Attracts nectar eating birds and insects. Responds to pruning if leggy.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Eremophila Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral

Family Foliage Scrophulariaceae Hardy Medium Shrub Plant Origin Flower HEIGHT WA Tubular, Purple

Growth Habits Flowering Time Erect, Spreading Spring, Summer

0.5-2m Landscape Fruit Coastal footslopes, Plains, 2nd Egg shaped 6mm long SPREAD line coast Tolerates Design Uses Drought, Fire, Light frost Habitat, Ornamental, Hedging, Feature Maintenance Requirements 0.3-1.5m Minimal supplementary Soil Type watering required POSITION Clay, Loam, Sand

Full Sun

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Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum

This species has been widely cultivated due to its tolerance of periodic water logging and seasonal drought. The large tree acts as habitat and food source for native birds and insects and was utilised by indigenous peoples for medicines, food, drink, canoes and implements.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Eucalyptus Acid, Neutral, Alkaline

Family Foliage Myrtaceae Bluish-green Tall tree Plant Origin Flower HEIGHT SA, WA, Vic, NSW, Qld, NT, Eucalypt-type ACT Flowering Time Growth Habits Summer Open to moderately dense 20-40m Fruit Landscape Hemispherical to ovoid SPREAD Coastal footslopes, 2nd line smooth, with broad ascending coast, Plains, Watercourse, disk, 5 – 8 valves triangular Footslopes, Hills prominently exerted and seeds yellow Design Uses 10-15m Habitat, Ornamental, Screen, Tolerates Hedge Drought, moderate frost POSITION Soil Type Maintenance Requirements Loam, Sand Nil

Full Sun

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Eucalyptus leucoxylon Dwarf SA Blue Gum

For use in smaller gardens where standard SA Blue gum is too large. Flowers appear in large clusters from Autumn through to Spring. Flowers especially attract bees which make excellent honey.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Eucalyptus Grey Green

Family Flower Myrtaceae Eucalypt-type, cream colour Small tree Plant Origin Flowering Time HEIGHT SA Spring, Winter, Autumn

Growth Habits Fruit Small Tree (Up to 7m), Open Broadly cylindrical or sub canopy globular to pear shape or 5-6m campanulate, thick walled with Landscape descending or deeply seeded SPREAD Plains, Footslopes, Hills flat disk, 9 – 22 x 7 – 18 mm, valves deeply to shallowly Design Uses Ornamental, Habitat, Small enclosed seeds black spaces Tolerates 3-7m Soil Type Drought, Lime, Moderate frost Clay, Loam, Sand POSITION Maintenance Requirements Minimal supplementary Soil Tolerance Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral watering required

Full Sun

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Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-rush

Planted singly or in groups for mixed landscapes as a feature, or mass planted, in borders, verges, median strips and roundabouts. Extremely hardy and variable can be used as a sand-binder in some coastal locations. Tolerant of calcareous soils. Fast growing.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Ficinia Spear

Family Flower Cyperaceae Globular, Brown Grass Sedge/Flax Plant Origin Flowering Time HEIGHT SA, Vic, NSW, WA, Qld, Tas Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter Growth Habits Clumping Fruit Small, dark brown nut 0.5-1.5m Landscape obovoid, obtuse, cuneate 0.9 Coast, Coastal cliffs, Coastal x 0.7mm, trigonous in shape. SPREAD dunes, Coastal footslopes, Sides flat to slightly conve Plains, 2nd line coast Tolerates Design Uses Drought, Lime, Moderate frost, Habitat, Ornamental, Erosion, Soil salinity, Salt spray 0.6-2m Feature, Border Maintenance Requirements POSITION Soil Type No supplementary watering Gravel, Loam, Sand required

Soil Tolerance Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Full Sun - Part Shade

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Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla

Extremely hardy weed-suppressing ground cover for embankments, verges, streetscapes and high traffic areas. Acts as a living mulch and weed suppressor. Bird and butterfly attracting. Requires well-drained soils. Note: Fire retardant plant as per SA Country Fire Service, contact for further information.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Myoporum Leaves linear – oblanceolate 3 – 40 x 2-8mm, obtuse or acute Family margins entire rarely serrate Myopraceae Groundcover Flower Plant Origin Star, Pink HEIGHT SA, Vic, NSW Flowering Time Growth Habits Spring, Autumn Prostrate, dense, spreading Fruit 0.2-0.3m Landscape Succulent depressed globular, Coast, Coastal cliffs, Coastal 5-7mm in diameter yellowish SPREAD footslopes, Plains, 2nd line white coast Tolerates Design Uses Drought, Fire, Lime, Moderate Habitat, Ornamental, Erosion frost, Soil salinity, Salt spray 2-3m Soil Type Maintenance Requirements POSITION Gravel, Loam, Sand Minimal supplementary watering required Soil Tolerance Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Full Sun

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Olearia ramulosa Twiggy Daisy Bush

Planted singly as an ornamental under shrub planting in semi shaded areas or grouped as a low hedge. Prefers well- drained soils. Responds to pruning.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Olearia Linear – oblong 4 – 12mm long , 1mm wide glabrous to Family pubescent above tomentose Asteraceae with a distinct mid vein below Medium shrub Plant Origin Flower HEIGHT SA, Vic, NSW, Qld, Tas Daisy, Blue in colour

Growth Habits Flowering Time Upright to sprawling Spring

1-1.5m Landscape Fruit Coastal footslopes, Footslopes, Achene terete 1 – 2mm long SPREAD Hills, Plains, 2nd line coast striate and pubescent

Design Uses Tolerates Screen, Ornamental, Habitat, Drought, Lime, Moderate frost Hedging 0.8-1m Maintenance Requirements Soil Type Minimal supplementary POSITION Clay, Loam, Sand watering required

Soil Tolerance Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Full Sun

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Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata Mount Lofty grass tree

This plant is endemic to South Australia. It is characterised by a low growing trunk topped with a spray of grassy foliage with a spear-like spike of flowers. The red resin that the plant exuded has historically been utilised to make glue and varnish.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Xanthorrhoea Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral

Family Foliage Xanthorrhoeaceae Quadrate-rhombic in section, Medium Shrub 1.5-2.5mm wide, 1-1.5 mm Plant Origin thick, blue grey-green, HEIGHT SA glaucous

Growth Habits Flower Clumping Spikes, cream Colour

1-2.5m Landscape Flowering Time Coastal footslopes, 2nd line Winter, spring SPREAD coast, Plains Fruit Design Uses Straight 15 – 21mm long, Habitat, Ornamental, Screen, emerging 4 – 9 mm above the Hedge bracts, seeds 9 – 12mm long 0.5-1.5m 3 – 4mm wide Soil Type POSITION Clay, Loam, Sand Tolerates Drought, moderate frost

Maintenance Requirements Nil Full Sun

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PLANTING DESIGN 01

Symmetrical/Ordered Planting Eucalyptus leucoxylon This displays the utilisation of Adelaide ‘Dwarf SA Blue Gum’ Plains species to create an avenue planting scheme through an emphasis Acacia paradoxa on order, symmetry and sightlines. ‘Umbrella Wattle’ Species are grouped and planted in Eremorphila nivea close proximities to one another to ‘Silky Eremophila’ create a structured layering of hedges, with feature species included at various Oleria ramulosa scales to act as feature elements. Various ‘Twiggy Daisy Bush’ materials and textures are selected to Chrysocepholum apiculatum create sensual change within the site, ‘Common Everlasting’ with creeping species used to soften edges in an otherwise hard arrangement.

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 26 ORDERED PLANTING

FEATURE TREES

Eucalyptus leucoxylon PAVERS TO ‘Dwarf SA Blue Gum’ CREATE SENSORY CHANGE Acacia paradoxa SYMMETRICAL ‘Umbrella Wattle’ PLANTING LAYOUT Eremorphila nivea ‘Silky Eremophila’ MASSS PLANTING OF SINGULAR Oleria ramulosa SPECIES ‘Twiggy Daisy Bush’ GRAVEL PATHWAYS Chrysocepholum apiculatum FOR CIRCULATION ‘Common Everlasting’

TIMBER BOARDWALK

SPECIES GROUPING TO FORM SEMI-FORMAL HEDGING

Plan 1:100 PLANTING DESIGN 02

Natural/Habitat Planting Eucalyptus leucoxylon This design takes on a naturalistic ‘Dwarf SA Blue Gum’ approach with a focus on providing habitat for native fauna. Although being Acacia paradoxa predominantly informal, selected species ‘Umbrella Wattle’ are grouped and layered in reference Eremorphila nivea to their height and spread which in ‘Silky Eremophila’ correlation with the inclusion of aligned species creates structure within the site. Oleria ramulosa A meandering gravel pathway is included ‘Twiggy Daisy Bush’ to create a relaxed journey for the user, Chrysocepholum apiculatum with feature frees positioned at key ‘Common Everlasting’ intervals to create visual statements.

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 28 SOFT EDGES

ORGANIC PLANTING

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ‘Dwarf SA Blue Gum’

Acacia paradoxa CREEPING SPECIES TO SOFTEN EDGES ‘Umbrella Wattle’

Eremorphila nivea MASS PLANTING ‘Silky Eremophila’ INFORMAL Oleria ramulosa COMPACTED ‘Twiggy Daisy Bush’ RUBBLE PATH

Chrysocepholum apiculatum ALIGNED ‘Common Everlasting’ SPECIES TO CREATE STRUCTURE

FEATURE TREE/ SHADE

Plan 1:100 PLANTING DESIGN 03

Semi-Formal/Screening Planting Eucalyptus leucoxylon This scheme creates a screening effect ‘Dwarf SA Blue Gum’ through the layering of species based on their individual characteristics of height, Acacia paradoxa spread and form in a semiformal manner. ‘Umbrella Wattle’ Generally, species with a greater growing Eremorphila nivea height are positioned further to the rear ‘Silky Eremophila’ of the site, creating a stepped effect with aligned feature trees included to create Oleria ramulosa an ordered boundary. A natural stone ‘Twiggy Daisy Bush’ retaining walls create separation between Chrysocepholum apiculatum the lawn area and the garden itself, with ‘Common Everlasting’ creeping species used to soften edges through a cascading effect.

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 30 NATURAL STONE RETAINING WALL

Eucalyptus leucoxylon CREEPING SPECIES ‘Dwarf SA Blue Gum’ TO CREATE CASCADING EFFECT Acacia paradoxa ‘Umbrella Wattle’ SEMI INFORMAL Eremorphila nivea PLANTING ‘Silky Eremophila’ TURF AREA Oleria ramulosa MASS PLANTING TO ‘Twiggy Daisy Bush’ CREATE INFILL Chrysocepholum apiculatum LAYERING OF ‘Common Everlasting’ SPECIES TO ACHIEVE APPT. SCREENING

FEATURE TREES ALIGNED TO CREATE STRUCTURE

Plan 1:100 Native plants of the Adelaide Hills NATIVE | South Australian3 Plant Book - 32 The growing region of the Adelaide Hills is located in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide, South Australia. The region is biologically rich and diverse, despite significant declines in the native plant and animal species after European settlement.

Approximately 15% of the original native vegetation of the Adelaide Hills region remains today. However, those plant communities that do remain express a diverse 3 range of tall woodland trees, shrubs, grasses and heaths. Acacia pendula Weeping Myall

A medium tree found in floodplains, plains, watercourses, footslopes, and hills. A hardy feature suitable for wider locations such as parks and reserves due to its tendency to sucker. The attractive weeping foliage and flowers attract native birds and insects.

Note: Susceptible to rust, Ochrogaster contraria caterpillars. DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Acacia Silver-grey leaves

Family Flower Mimosaceae Cream and yellow flowers Medium Tree Plant Origin Flowering Time HEIGHT Qld, Vic, NSW Autumn, Winter, Spring

Growth Habits Fruit Fast growing evergreen, Pods straight to strongly furrowed trunk, weeping curved, flat, irregularly 6-10m canopy slightly constricted between seeds, 3–9 cm long, 10–20 mm wide, firmly papery to SPREAD Landscape thinly leathery, transversely Qld, Vic, NSW, primarily semi- reticulately veined, minutely arid areas of Eastern Australia. appressed-hairy, ± pruinose, margins narrowly winged; Design Uses seeds transverse 6-8m Ornamental, attracts birds and insects, effective windbreak, Tolerates POSITION shade and street tree Drought, Moderate frost, Soil salinity Soil Type Clay, Loam Maintenance Requirements Minimal supplementary Full Sun Soil Tolerance watering required Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral

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Adenanthos sericeus Albany Woolly Bush

A large, fast growing, upright shrub, suitable for coastal sands and heavy, well drained soils. Best grown in full sun, the shrub is suitable for use as an informal hedge, screen, or garden border and roadside feature. Whilst vulnerable to borers and dieback (Phytophthora cinnamomi), the plant is hardy and requires little maintenance or watering. The small inconspicuous flowers attract small honeyeaters and insects. DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Adenanthos Soft, dense, hairy, silver-green

Family Flower Proteaceae Yellow and red in colour. Large shrub Tubular shape Plant Origin HEIGHT WA Flowering Time Spring, Autumn Growth Habits Evergreen, fast growing. Fruit Upright to spreading shrub Non-fleshy, dry single-celled 2-5m indehiscent achene (seed) Landscape SPREAD Coast, 2nd line coast, Plains, Tolerates Hills Drought, Lime, Moderate frost

Design Uses Maintenance Requirements Habitat, Ornamental, Screen Easily pruned. Limb removal 2-4m stimulates development of Soil Type new foilage POSITION Loam, Sand (survives in dry to moist soils with moderate drainage)

Soil Tolerance Part Shade - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Full Sun

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Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe Myrtle

A medium-large spindly open shrub 2-3m high. Often used in verges, median streets, parks and reserves. Can act as a windbreak or informal hedge.

Nectar attracts butterflies.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Calytrix Small and linear

Family Flower Myrtaceae Masses of starry flowers, white Medium Shrub to pink with five pointed petals Plant Origin HEIGHT SA, Vic, NSW, WA, Qld, TAS Flowering Time Spring (flowers can almost Growth Habits cover the plant during spring) Erect and spreading Fruit 1-3m Landscape Umbrella shaped, red when Woodland, Mallee, and Heath young and drying to brown SPREAD Design Uses Tolerates Habitat, Ornamental Drought, Lime, Moderate frost

Soil Type Maintenance Requirements 1-2-3.6m Loam, Sand Light pruning after flowering

POSITION Soil Tolerance Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral

Full Sun

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Correa reflexa Native Fuchsia

A small to medium shrub (usually spreading between 1.2 and 3.6m), this ornamental plant is ideal for streetscapes, verges, median streets, parks and reserves. The shrub can be planted singly or grouped as an understory or informal hedge, requiring well-drained soils. The flowers this shrub produces attract native birds through the nectar produced.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Correa Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral

Family Foliage Rutaceae Rough, dark green leaves, with Small-Medium hairy undersides Shrub Plant Origin HEIGHT Australia Flower Tubular, red in colour Growth Habits Evergreen, prostrate to Flowering Time upright, Spreading Autumn, Winter 0.3-3m Landscape Fruit SPREAD 2nd line coast, Footslopes, 5-9mm long, green, four Hills, Plains basally fixed segments; seeds 3-4 x 1-2mm variable in colour Design Uses Habitat, Ornamental Tolerates 1-3m Drought, Lime, Moderate frost Soil Type POSITION Clay, Loam, Sand Maintenance Requirements Minimal supplementary watering required

Full shade / Full Sun / Part Shade

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Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey Box

Normally a single-trunked (occasionally multi-stemmed), with grey-brown rough bark. Often used as a shade or shelter tree in open parks and reserves, or as a street tree in wider locations. Whilst easily grown from seed, the tree is slower growing than some other Eucalypts. Suitable for heavy clay soils that may become waterlogged in winter. Due to its long life, the tree provides habitat for birds and mammals in its hollows, and the leaves, nectar, and pollen DISTRIBUTION attract possums, parrots, and honeyeaters.

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Eucalyptus Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral

Family Foliage Myrtaceae Typical Eucalypt leaves with a Tall tree dull, waxy, grey-green finish Plant Origin HEIGHT SA, VIC, NSW, QLD Flower White Eucalypt flowers Growth Habits Upright and spreading Flowering Time Autumn 10-25m Landscape Once the dominant Eucalypt Fruit SPREAD south and east of the Torrens Gum nuts grow in clusters, river on the Adelaide plains are small (less than 1cm wide), and foothills. Can be found in woody and urn-shaped plains, footslopes and hills Tolerates 10-15m Design Uses Drought Habitat, Ornamental POSITION Maintenance Requirements Soil Type Minimal Clay, Loam

Full Sun

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Grevillea lavandulacea Lavender Grevillea

A hardy foliage low shrub with significant ornamental presence. Can be used as foreground border plant, in nature strips and streetscapes, or as informal low hedge or barrier. Suitable for parks, reserves, and roadside plantings. Attracts native birds and insects, and produces edible flowers significant to Indigenous culture in Australia.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Grevillea Leaf margins are rolled inwards with a pale underside Family and sharp point at tip Proteaceae Medium Shrub Flower Plant Origin Complex Grevillea-shaped HEIGHT SA, VIC, NSW, WA, QLD, TAS flowers ranging from light pink to crimson red, appearing in Growth Habits spider/cluster forms Variable, erect to spreading Flowering Time 0.5-1m Landscape Spring (although some flowers Originally spread over coastal can appear year-round) SPREAD footslopes to the hills, now re- stricted to some reserves near Fruit the foothills Papery capsules with pointed tips Design Uses 0.5-3.6m Habitat, Ornamental Tolerates Drought, Lime, Moderate frost POSITION Soil Type Clay, Loam, Sand Maintenance Requirements Minimal - responds well to Soil Tolerance gentle pruning after flowering Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Full Sun

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Kennedia prostrata Running Postman

Common evergreen vigorous postrate runner and ornamental creeper, extending along the ground for up to 2 meters. Suitable for open landscapes, parks and reserves. A larval food plant attractive to Pea Blue Butterfly.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Kennedia Even green with silver tint on leaf undersides. Up to 2cm Family long Fabaceae Groundcover, Flower Climber Plant Origin Large, prominent pea flowers HEIGHT SA, VIC, NSW, WA, TAS along stems, lipstick red colouring with a hint of pink Growth Habits and bright yellow centre Dense foliage, open foliage, spreading Flowering Time 0-0.1m Spring Landscape SPREAD Ranging from beach dunes to Fruit the foothills/woodlands Long, leathery pods, containing several large brown Design Uses seeds Ornamental, Erosion control Up to 2m Tolerates Soil Type Drought (can die back POSITION Clay, Loam, Sand to woody rootstock and reshoot in needed), fire, lime, Soil Tolerance moderate frost, Wind Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Maintenance Requirements Full Sun - Minimal supplementary Light Shade watering required

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Linum marginale Native Flax

A slender, upright, wispy, short-lived perennial herb around 1m tall. Quite inconspicuous when not flowering as the plant dies back over summer and re-shoots during autumn. Suitable for mass plantings, strips, borders, and verges. Culturally significant to Aboriginal Australians who use/used the seeds as a food source and the fiber for string, cords, and nets. DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Linum Alkaline, Neutral

Family Foliage Linaceae Small, linear, blue-green Grass Sedge leaves, often pressing closely or Flax Plant Origin to the stem HEIGHT SA, Vic, NSW, WA, Qld, Tas, NT, ACT Flower Thin pale to electric blue five- Growth Habits petalled flowers. Up to 3cm Form is clumping and upright, across, appear at top of wiry 0.3-1m dying back over summer and stems re-shooting in autumn after SPREAD rain Flowering Time Spring - early summer Landscape Would have been locally Fruit common to eastern side of Small, globular, papery 0.3-0.3m Adelaide, found around plains, capsules about 5mm across, footslopes and hills. containing cluster of buff- POSITION coloured, sesame-like seeds Design Uses Ornamental, Erosion control Tolerates Drought, Lime, Moderate frost Soil Type Part Shade - Clay, Loam, Sand Maintenance Requirements Full Sun Fertiliser in spring. Stems can be pruned back to 20cm high once seeding is finished NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 48

Pittosporum angustifolium Native Apricot

Tall shrub to small trees reaching up to 7 meters with graceful drooping branches. Commonly used for shade or shelter in wider locations, and unsuitable for urban streetscapes due to a tendency to sucker. Butterfly attracting, and commonly attracts birds such as the Singing and Spiney-cheeked Honeyeater and Red Wattlebirds. Whilst the fruit is inedible, Indigenous Australians have used the plant for various medicinal purposes, and the DISTRIBUTION plant is often referred to as Kurti/Mondroo/Mutja in Karuna language, or colloquially as ‘Gumbi Gumbi’

FORM Genus Foliage Pittosporum Leaves alternate narrow, flat, oblong (9-12cm x 1cm) Family Pittosporaceae Flower Small Tree Cream to pale yellow, tubular Plant Origin in lower half, with 5 small HEIGHT Widespread in all regions with spreading lobes low rainfall except Tasmania Flowering Time Growth Habits May-October Dense, spreading and weeping 6-10m Fruit Landscape Globose shaped fruit capsule, SPREAD Coastal footslopes, footslopes, 2-3 valves, outer surface is hills, plains, 2nd line coast smooth, maturing to a red or orange colour with orange- Design Uses red seeds (8-20 per capsule) Ornamental 1.5-5m Tolerates Soil Type Drought, Fire, Lime, Moderate POSITION Clay, Loam, Sand frost

Soil Tolerance Maintenance Requirements Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Minimal supplementary watering required Full Sun

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Westringia fruticosa Native Rosemary

A hardy foliage, low shrub, can be used as foreground border plant, in nature strips and streetscapes, or as informal low hedge or barrier. Suitable for parks, reserves, and wider roadside plantings. Flowers attract birds, native butterflies and insects. Food plant for caterpillars, and habitat for small birds.

DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Foliage Westringia Even green with silver tint on leaf undersides. Up to 2cm Family long Lamiaceae Low Shrub Flower Plant Origin White in colour, open-petalled Eastern Australia HEIGHT Flowering Time Growth Habits Spring - Summer Upright, compact, rounded Fruit Landscape Four-chambered usually 0.8-1m Coastal footslopes, reticulate to rugose, seeds Footslopes, Hills, Plains, 2nd slightly flattened ellipsoid to SPREAD line coast cylindrical ellipsoid, slightly incurved, 1 - 1.8mm long Design Uses Habitat, Ornamental, Screen, Tolerates Hedge Drought, Lime, Moderate 1-1.5m frost, Wind Soil Type POSITION Loam Maintenance Requirements Light pruning Soil Tolerance Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Full Sun - Part Shade

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Riparian Zone PLANTING DESIGN 01 (eg. Nardoo) Acacia pendula Natural Design in Response to Site Context ‘Weeping Myall’

In choosing an existing 10x10 m site Pittosporum angustifolium within Adelaide’s Mount Lofty region, the ‘Native Apricot’ climactic and topographic challenges of the Hills region can be realised. In Caltryx tetragona this example, plants are used to screen ‘Common Fringe Myrtle’ wind, work with the existing topography Kennedia prostrate to create a soft, natural aesthetic, and ‘Running Postman’ maximise on plants with the ability to control erosion and survive within various Linum marginale sun-exposures and soil conditions. ‘Native Flax’ The positioning on the flora was also as a result of different soil preferences Westringia fructosa between plants, for example the Native ‘Native Rosemary’ Flax and Native Rosemary species survive better is less-drained soils than the Native Correa reflexa Fushsia and Common Fringe Myrtle, thus ‘Native Fushsia’ their positioning on the site.

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 54 Key: Primary wind direction Sun direction Contour lines = 2m

FIRST CREEK Riparian Zone (eg. Nardoo) RIPARIAN ZONE

Acacia pendula ‘Weeping Myall’ MASS PLANTING FOR INFILL Pittosporum angustifolium ‘Native Apricot’

Caltryx tetragona SHRUBBERY TO ‘Common Fringe Myrtle’ CREATE A NATURAL TERRACE INFILL Kennedia prostrate ‘Running Postman’ WINDBREAK (BETTER SUITED Linum marginale IN WELL-DRAINED ‘Native Flax’ SOILS, THUS IT SITS WITHIN AN ELEVATED AREA Westringia fructosa OF THE SITE) ‘Native Rosemary’

Correa reflexa FEATURE SPECIMIN ‘Native Fushsia’ MASS PLANTING FOR EROSION CONTROL

Plan 1:100 Riparian Zone PLANTING DESIGN 02 (eg. Nardoo) Acacia pendula Creating a guided path ‘Weeping Myall’

This example aims to maintain softness Pittosporum angustifolium and a natural aesthetic despite the ‘Native Apricot’ existing pathway that cuts through the site. It uses plants that soften the harsh Caltryx tetragona lines of the path edges, whilst using ‘Common Fringe Myrtle’ informal hedging and layered shrubbery Kennedia prostrate to strongly define the path. ‘Running Postman’

The design needed to keep in mind Linum marginale restrictions for planting near service ‘Native Flax’ and water pipelines, which evidently run below the existing pathway. Whilst Westringia fructosa the Native Rosemary can be planted ‘Native Rosemary’ without restriction, the Native Apricot tree and Common Fringe Myrtle shrub Correa reflexa were placed in accordance with their ‘Native Fushsia’ restrictions.

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 56 Riparian Zone (eg. Nardoo)

Acacia pendula ‘Weeping Myall’ SHRUBBERY

Pittosporum angustifolium ‘Native Apricot’

Caltryx tetragona RIPARIAN ZONE ‘Common Fringe Myrtle’

Kennedia prostrate HEDGING ‘Running Postman’ MASS PLANTING FOR EROSION CONTROL Linum marginale ‘Native Flax’ FIRST CREEK

RUBBLE PATH Westringia fructosa ‘Native Rosemary’

Correa reflexa ‘Native Fushsia’

Plan 1:100 Riparian Zone PLANTING DESIGN 03 (eg. Nardoo) Acacia pendula Creating a habitat ‘Weeping Myall’

The flattened ground on the far-eastern Pittosporum angustifolium side of the site provides an opportunity ‘Native Apricot’ to maxmise on the plants’ ability to attract and support local species of Caltryx tetragona fauna, including butterflies, insects and ‘Common Fringe Myrtle’ native birds. Kennedia prostrate ‘Running Postman’ Firstly strongly defining the human path with a tree avenue, then using the Linum marginale Common Myrtle to create a buffer zone, ‘Native Flax’ allowing a degree of separation between the diverse shrubbery and Weeping Westringia fructosa Myall. ‘Native Rosemary’

Correa reflexa ‘Native Fushsia’

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 58 SHRUBBERY Riparian Zone (eg. Nardoo) MASS PLANTING Acacia pendula FOR INFILL AND ‘Weeping Myall’ GROUND COVER

FEATURE SPECIMEN Pittosporum angustifolium (BIRD ATTRACTING) ‘Native Apricot’

Caltryx tetragona TREE AVENUE ‘Common Fringe Myrtle’ BUFFER PLANTING Kennedia prostrate ‘Running Postman’

Linum marginale ‘Native Flax’ SHRUBBERY

Westringia fructosa TREE AVENUE ‘Native Rosemary’ BORDER TO Correa reflexa SOFTEN EDGES ‘Native Fushsia’

Plan 1:100 Native plants of the Adelaide Coast NATIVE | South Australian4 Plant Book - 60 Native coastal plant are durable to extreme weather conditions such as salt spray, strong windy, direct sun, high levels of salt in the soil and drought. These conditions are present in much of Australia’s southern coast line from Queensland to Western Australia. Due to the conditions in which they thrive these plants are very suitable for landscapes that require low maintenance and little water. Bright coloured flowers and varying green foliage make these a great addition for colourful native 4 landscapes. Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle

Australia’s floral emblem the golden wattle is distributed throughout the south eastern mainland states and is native to Australia. Bright colour and fast growing nature makes it a popular garden plant, The large conspicuous globular flower heads of 50 – 80 flowers are found towards the end of the branches. Regenerates after fires, which usually kill the parent plants but stimulate the germination of seeds stored in soil if rain follows soon after. Regeneration may DISTRIBUTION produce dense thickets in forests and woodlands and along roadsides.

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Acacia Acidic, Alkaline

Family Foliage Fabaceae bright green sickle-shaped Shrub to phyllodes (modified flattened Small Tree Plant Origin leaf stems) HEIGHT Australia Flower Growth Habits Brilliant yellow large Shape is variable conspicuous globular flower heads 8m Landscape Fast-growing species found Flowering Time SPREAD in the understorey of open Winter- Spring forests and woodlands from the coast to inland plains and Fruit uplands. Requires well drained Dark brown mature seed pods, soil. 7 to 12 cm long, split along 4-8m one side to release oval - Design Uses cylindrical shaped seeds POSITION Habitat, Ornamental Fast-growing but short lived; Tolerates ornamental screening Drought, moderate frost and soil salinity Soil Type Full Sun Clay, Loam, Sand Maintenance Requirements Little maintenance but regenerates freely after fires

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 62

Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-oak

The littoralis is native to VIC, however, can be found in coastal and inland regions throughout the east coast of Australia. Useful as a screening plant. An excellent choice for roadside plantings and parks and farms, very good for windbreaks, and shelterbelts. The seeds of this species have been found to be a food source for the Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo. Growing these plants in small stands between open space will help encourage the return of this DISTRIBUTION endangered native bird. The needle-like leaves uniquely make a sighing noise in the wind.

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Allocasuarina Acidic, Alkaline

Family Foliage Casuarinaceae Distinctive fine soft grey-green Medium tree needle-like leaves Plant Origin HEIGHT Australia, islands of the Pacific Flower and South-east Asia Male plants produce red flowers in spring Growth Habits Evergreen. Dioecious. Round- Flowering Time 8 - 12m ed, compact with slightly Spring pendulous branches, grooved SPREAD stems and nitrogen-fixing Fruit Seeds are contained in Landscape cylindrical cones, usually Coastal and inland regions longer than broad 10-30mm with well drained soils. Climatic long, 8-12mm diameter, valves 4 - 7m range from tropical through in several rows, broadly acute Mediterranean to semi-arid to obtuse. Winged seeds POSITION 4-10mm long, brown to black Design Uses Screening, wind breaks and Tolerates shelterbelts Moderate frost and drought Full Sun Soil Type Maintenance Requirements Clay, Loam, Sand Needs additional water to establish, after requires minimal NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 64

Banksia marginata Silver Banksia

The Banksia marginata is indigenous to the Adelaide region and also grows in QLD, NSW, VIC and TAS. A hardy and versatile native suitable for coastal locations. Useful in a variety of situations such as shade dependent on form. Different forms include a dwarf variety less than 1m tall, rounded bushy to 4m and straggly trees to 8m. Leaf shape is unique as it varies from linear, oblong to obtuse to truncate, revolute to almost flat. It is also very attractive to DISTRIBUTION native birds and insects for food and habitat.

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Banksia Acidic, Alkaline

Family Foliage Proteaceae Dark green, scattered, leaf shape Shrub to variable, a white tomentose Medium Tree Plant Origin underside HEIGHT Australia, South Africa and South America Flower Pale yellow flowers in Growth Habits a distinctive cylindrical Evergreen. Dense, trunk rough, inflorescence 4-6 cm in diameter 0.3m - 10m branches hairy Flowering Time SPREAD Landscape Spring - Autumn Coastal regions, inland plains and hills throughout Fruit South Australia. Naturally Infructescence/seed cone 3-4cm grows well in sandy to clay in diameter includes seeds and 3-5m soils in sclerophyllous heath, persistent flower remains and woodlands and forests open at maturity POSITION Design Uses Tolerates Shading (dependent on form), Drought, soil salinity, moderate Habitat frost and partial shade Full Sun Soil Type Maintenance Requirements Clay, Sand, Loam Respond well to light pruning and minimal supplementary watering NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 66

Carpobrotus glaucescens Pigface

Form of the species is prostrate, perennial stems up to 2m in length and 20cm tall, which creates an extensive ground cover. A creeping succulent, which roots at nodes along the stems. From these nodes the plant produces upright leafy branches. Found widespread in coastal dune areas of SA, NSW, QLDS, VIC AND WA. Dune stabiliser, very salt tolerant and able to withstand salt spray, strong winds and sand blast. Grows in well drained positions, either full sun DISTRIBUTION or partial shade, open sunny position is best and tolerate extended dry periods.

FORM Genus Foliage Carpobrotus thick, fleshy, smooth leaves 3.5-10 cm x 1-1.5 cm, which are Family triangular in cross section Aizoaceae Ground Cover Flower Plant Origin Large, striking, deep pink- HEIGHT Australia, South Africa and purple daisy-like flowers South America Flowering Time Growth Habits October - January but can Creeping succulent flower sporadically 20cm Landscape Fruit SPREAD Coastal dune areas relatively Red-purple berry, which was well-drained used by Aboriginal peoples as a food source. Said to have a Design Uses taste similar to salty apples. Dune stabiliser 2m Tolerates Soil Type Drought POSITION Sand Maintenance Requirements Soil Tolerance None Alkaline Full Sun

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 68

Correa decumbens Spreading Correa

A dense low shrub the young branches are covered with short, soft ferruginous rust-coloured hairs as are the undersides of the leaves. Erect tubular flowers in groups of 1-3 occur form on short axillary branchlets. It is indigenous to the Southern Mt Lofty Ranges and Kangaroo Island. Plant could be used singly for contrast or grouped as an informal low hedge, feature in borders, roadside verges and raised beds. Flowers attracts nectar eating native birds and insects DISTRIBUTION such as bees.

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Correa Acidic, Neutral

Family Foliage Rutaceae dark green, narrow elliptic Small shrub oblong leaves 2-5 cm, Plant Origin generally smooth above, HEIGHT Endemic to South Australia covered with ferruginous woolly hairs below Growth Habits Hardy evergreen prostarte to Flower low erect shrub, dense Erect, red-pink and yellow- 0.2 - 1m green tubular flowers Landscape SPREAD Occurs in coastal regions, Flowering Time inland plains and foothills November - February and of the Fleurieu Peninsula. April - August Prefers well-drained soils in semi shaded or understorey Fruit 1 - 3m locations. Small unspectacular fruit produce dark-brown to black POSITION Design Uses seeds 2-4mm in length Ornamental, en - mass, hedging, borders Tolerates Full sun, lime, drought and Soil Type Semi-Shaded moderate frost Clay, Loam Maintenance Requirements Minimal supplementary watering NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 70

Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop Bush

Also commonly named Narrow-leaved Hop Bush and Wedged-leaved Hop Bush. This species is indigenous to the following botanical regions of South Australia; Lake Eyre, Flinders Rangers, Eastern, Eyre Peninsula, Mt Lofty Ranges, Murray Lands, Yorke Peninsula, Kangaroo Island and South Eastern. Includes four subspecies D.viscosa ssp. angustissima, D.viscosa ssp. cuneate, D.viscosa ssp. mucronata and D.viscosa ssp. spatulata. Not to be planted DISTRIBUTION closer than two metres to any sewer main or connection.

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Dodonaea Acidic, Alkaline

Family Foliage Sapindaceae Leaves viscous with flat glands Shrub leaf shape variable Plant Origin HEIGHT Australia, New Zealand, Africa, Flower America and Asia Usually unisexual, insignificant

Growth Habits Flowering Time Spreading or Erect Shrubs Winter- Spring 4m Landscape Fruit SPREAD Fast growing, hardy, variable Brightly red - brown coloured in habit and leaf morphology fruit, 3-4 wings, wings may growing in open forest extend the length of the fruit, or woodlands and mallee 3-10mm broad shrublands. 1-4m Tolerates Design Uses Drought, moderate, soil POSITION Sand stabilising, land salinity, lime and coastal reclamation, hedges, wind- exposure breaks Maintenance Requirements Soil Type Responds to pruning and Full Sun Clay, Loam, Sand requires well drained soil

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 72

Leucophyta brownii Cushion Bush

A perennial dwarf shrub Leucophyta brownii Occurs on coastal cliffs and sand dunes throughout South Australia and is indigenous to the Adelaide region. Also grows in Western Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. The species is extremely tolerant to salt spray, wind, drought, and frost. It grows most successfully in full sun, however it may tolerate partial shade. It grows poorly in high humidity and will die easily if waterlogged, meaning it cannot grow in more DISTRIBUTION tropical regions. Excellent for roundabouts and nature strips as foliage reflects car head lights at night.

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Leucophyta Nutrient poor

Family Foliage Asteraceae Small scale-like leaves are Dwarf Shrub closely oppressed to the stems Plant Origin lined with woolly hairs HEIGHT Endemic to Australia Flower Growth Habits Yellow button-like heads, and Densely branched, rounded, appear silver when budding branches covered in white 0.4-1m tomentosa (soft matted hairs), Flowering Time giving a silvery appearance. Late Spring - Summer SPREAD Mature individuals are brown and woody in the centre. Fruit Fruiting heads appear grey- Landscape brown Occurs on coastal cliffs and 0.5-1.5m sand dunes Tolerates Salt spray, wind, drought and POSITION Design Uses frost Defining edges of paths, borders, verges, roundabouts Maintenance Requirements None Soil Type Full Sun Sand

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 74

Olearia axillaris Coastal Daisy Bush

Indigenous to the following regions of South Australia; Nullarbor, Eyre Peninsula, Yorke Peninsula, Southern and Northern Mt Lofty Ranges, Murray Lands, Kangaroo Island and the South East. Also grows in WA, NSW, VIC and TAS. Hardy evergreen. Erect aromatic shrub which indigenous people used by crushing leaves and used as an insect repellent. This plant uniquely tolerates fire and is considered a fire retardant plant by the SA Country Fire Service. DISTRIBUTION

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Olearia Acidic, Alkaline

Family Foliage Asteraceae Narrow sessile oblanceolate Shrub to to linear leaves 1-3.5 cm long Small Tree Plant Origin generally smooth above, HEIGHT Australia, New Zealand and densely white and woolly Papua New Guinea below

Growth Habits Flower Dense, compact. Stems Cream daisy flowers. Flower 2-3m woody, much-branched, heads solitary in leaf axils appressed, tomentose (hairy). SPREAD Primarily a foliage plant. Flowering Time Autumn Landscape Occurs in coastal dunes, cliffs Fruit and associated scrublands, Small inconspicuous achenes 1 -2.5m inland plains and hills throughout South Australia Tolerates POSITION Drought, fire, moderate frost Design Uses and salt spray Sand or soil binder, wind break, screening and hedging Maintenance Requirements Responds to pruning Full Sun Soil Type and requires minimal Loam, Sand supplementary watering

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 76

Poa labillardieri Common Tussock Grass

The genus has a world-wide distribution and Within Australian is found throughout southern and eastern states including TAS. Dense coarsely tufted perennial grass that is fast growing. Prefers moister areas, such as drainage lines and gullies, especially where soil fertility is moderate to high as well sites adjacent to the ocean and estuaries where it is under the influence of salt spray. Highly frost tolerant, prefers full sun to part shade. Drought tolerant once DISTRIBUTION established. Regenerates well after burning but this depends on duration of fire.

FORM Genus Soil Tolerance Poa High fertility

Family Foliage Poaceae/Gramineae Greyish-green or blue-green Tufted Grass leaves are long and slender Plant Origin with rolled or flat blades. HEIGHT Southern and Eastern Australia Flower Growth Habits Delicate plumes that extend Hardy, upright clumping above the foliage

120cm Landscape Flowering Time Open forest communities, Spring - Summer SPREAD grassy woodlands as well as sites adjacent to the ocean Fruit and estuaries where it is under Seedhead is an open panicle the influence of salt spray and to 25cm long, erect or loosely well drained soil. spreading branches. Florets 0.4-0.5m are shortly hairy and pinkish Design Uses POSITION Borders, verges, nature strips Tolerates and roundabouts or en-mass Frost, drought once established Soil Type Loam, heavy clay, sandy loam Maintenance Requirements Full sun - Part and sandy clay loam Low maintenance and no Shade irrigation

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 78

Scaevola aemula Fairy Fanflower

In South Australia the Scaevola aemula it is indigenous to the Eyre Peninsula, Murray lands, Southern Mount Lofty Ranges, Kangaroo Island and the South-east. It is low spreading and dense. Stems are cylindrical and brown, coarsely covered with short soft hairs, ascending, sometimes slightly woody at the base. Can be used as an ornamental foreground or border planting in mixed beds or planted en- mass for erosion and weed control in borders, verges, raised DISTRIBUTION beds and rockeries. Attracts native butterflies and insects.

FORM Genus Foliage Scaevola Bright green, short, sessile obovate leaves coarsely Family covered with short soft hairs. Goodeniaceae , narrow elliptic oblong leaves Ground cover (2-5 cm long), generally Plant Origin smooth above and covered HEIGHT Australia, Subtropical Southern with ferruginous woolly hairs Hemisphere, Caribbean below

Growth Habits Flower Low spreading, dense 0.5cm Zygomorphic (fan-shaped) Deep to pale blue, rarely white Landscape SPREAD The southern Australia coast Flowering Time ,inland plains. prefers shaded Spring or understorey locations with well drained soils. Fruit 0.3 - 1m Dark-brown to black seeds Design Uses 2-4mm in length Ornamental foreground, POSITION borders, en-mass, habitat Tolerates Full sun, drought and Soil Type moderate frost Clay, Loam, Sand Shaded Maintenance Requirements Soil Tolerance Responds to pruning, minimal Acidic, Alkaline supplementary watering

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 80

PLANTING DESIGN 01 Leucophyta brownii ‘Cushion Bush’

Natural / Soft Planting Dodonaea viscosa ‘Sticky Hop Bush’ This design is to replicate that of the natural Australian landscape. Edges are Carpobrotus glaucescens ‘Pig Face’ soft and planting is to arranged to allow for moments of colour and foliage to Allocasuarina littoralis stand out the mass planting will also limit ‘Black She-oak’ the amount of noxious weeds that can enter this native planting scheme. Acacia pycnantha ‘Golden Wattle’

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 82 SOFT EDGES FEATURE ELEMENT

MASS PLANTING

MASS PLANTING

FEATURE ELEMENT

COMPACT RUBBLE PATH

Plan 1:100 PLANTING DESIGN 02 Leucophyta brownii ‘Cushion Bush’

Sculptural Form & Buffering Planting Dodonaea viscosa ‘Sticky Hop Bush’ Arranging planting to create borders and hedges can create an protect the Carpobrotus glaucescens ‘Pig Face’ space. Focusing on the feature tree and landscape. This planting design Allocasuarina littoralis is also used to screen and create a ‘Black She-oak’ buffering from a potential unsightly view or roadway into a space that is to be Acacia pycnantha ‘Golden Wattle’ peaceful.

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 84 MASS PLANTING

FEATURE TREE INFILL & LANDMARK PLANTING

BORDER & LAYERING FEATURE & SCREENING TREES DIRECTIONAL JOURNEY

HEDGING/ SCREENING

BACKGROUND SCREENING

Plan 1:100 PLANTING DESIGN 03 Leucophyta brownii ‘Cushion Bush’

Framing Views & Creating an Art Form Dodonaea viscosa ‘Sticky Hop Bush’ Exploring the techniques of using Australian natives to create an formal Carpobrotus glaucescens ‘Pig Face’ landscape. With a symmetrical layout and structured form and axil linkages. This Allocasuarina littoralis design arranges the planting to form an ‘Black She-oak’ art form and direct and frame views of nature. Colour arrangements aids the Acacia pycnantha ‘Golden Wattle’ artistic goal.

NATIVE | South Australian Plant Book - 86 SCULPTURAL FORM

BORDER

TIMBER BOARD WALK

FEATURE SPECIMEN MASS PLANTING

HEDGING/ BORDER

Plan 1:100 South Australian plant index NATIVE | South Australian5 Plant Book - 88 plant index.

Plant: Page: Acacia paradoxa 8-9 Plains Typology Acacia pendula 34-35 Hills Typology

Acacia pycnantha 62-63 Coastal Typology Adenanthos sericeus 36-37 Allocasuarina littoralis 64-65 Allocasuarina verticillata 10-11 Banksia marginata 66-67 Calytrix tetragona 38-39 Carpobrotus glaucescens 68-70 Correa decumbens 40-41 Correa reflexa 70-71 Dodonaea viscosa 72-73 Eremophila nivea 12-13 Eucalyptus camaldulensis 14-15 Eucalyptus leucoxylon 16-17 Eucalyptus microcarpa 42-43 Ficinia nodosa 18-19 Grevillea lavandulacea 44-45 Kennedia prostrata 46-47 Leucophyta brownii 74-75 Linum marginale 48-49 Myoporum parvifolium 20-21 Olearia axillaris 76-77 Olearia ramulosa 22-23 Poa labillardieri 78-79 Pittosporum angustifolium 50-51 Scaevola aemula 80-81 Westringia fruticosa 52-53 5 Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata 24-45 Reference list NATIVE | South Australian6 Plant Book - 90 references.

Bagust, Phil, and Lynda Tout-Smith. The Native Plants of Adelaide: Returning the vanishing natural heritage of the Adelaide Plains in your garden. Kent Town, Australia: Wakefield Press, 2010.

Bonney, Neville. What Seed is That?: A Field Guide to the Identification, Collection and Germination of Native Seed in South Australia. Adelaide, Australia: Greening Australia, 1994.

Black , John McConnell. Flora of South Australia Part 1. Adelaide: The Flora and Fauna of South Australia Handbooks Committee and South Australian Government Printing Division, 1986.

Black , John McConnell. Flora of South Australia Part 2. Adelaide: The Flora and Fauna of South Australia Handbooks Committee and South Australian Government Printing Division, 1986.

Black , John McConnell. Flora of South Australia Part 3. Adelaide: The Flora and Fauna of South Australia Handbooks Committee and South Australian Government Printing Division, 1986.

Black , John McConnell. Flora of South Australia Part 4. Adelaide: The Flora and Fauna of South Australia Handbooks Committee and South Australian Government Printing Division, 1986.

“Catalogue - State Flora”. 2020. Stateflora.Sa.Gov.Au. https://www.stateflora. sa.gov.au/buy-plants/how-to-order/catalogue.

Dashorst, Gilbert and Jessop, John. Plants of the Adelaide Plains & Hills. Singapore: Kangaroo Press, 1990.

“Electronic Flora of South Australia”. 2020. Flora.Sa.Gov.Au. http://flora.sa.gov. au/index.html.

“Search the ALA”. 2020. Atlas of Living Australia. https://www.ala.org.au/.

“Plant Selector”. 2020. Plantselector.Botanicgardens.Sa.Gov.Au. http:// 6 plantselector.botanicgardens.sa.gov.au/. 2020 | University of Adelaide Masters of Landscape Architecture Advanced Ecology

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