The Cambridge Companion to American Civil Rights Literature Edited by Bronwen Neil and Pauline Allen Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05983-2 - The Cambridge Companion to American Civil Rights Literature Edited by Bronwen Neil and Pauline Allen Index More information

INDEX

abolition, 9 , 17 , 21 , 27 – 32 , 39 Bearden, Bearden. See also Spiral Adams, Henry, 60 Beat (Movement), 67 , 81 , 150 affi rmative action, 161 Beaumont, Charles, 134 , 135 African American Studies. See Black Studies Beckham, Barry Alston, Charles. See also Spiral Runner Mack (1972), 9 , 49 , 57 , 61 America (song). See Smith, Samuel Frances Beckwith, Byron de la, 95 , 137 American Dream, 9 , 58 , 183 Belafonte, Harry, 181 Amini, Johari, 53 Bell, Madison Smartt Anderson, Garland Soldier’s Joy (1989), 89 Appearances (1926), 68 beloved community, 98 , 119 Anita Bush Stock Company, 68 Berlin, Irving anti-colonialism, 7 “God Bless America” (1918), 177 Atlanta, GA, 186 – 188 Birmingham, AL child murders of 1979–1981, 99 Birmingham Campaign, 6 Attack on Terror (1970), 128 protests in (1963), 177 Attica Correctional Facility, riot, 149 Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing, 11 , 89 , 149 , 154 Baez, Joan, 181 Birth of a Nation (1915). See also Dixon, Baldwin, Alec, 137 Thomas Baldwin, James, 76 , 100 , 145 , 172 Birth of a Nation ( 2005) (graphic novel), 99 Blues for Mister Charlie (1964), 36 Black Aesthetic, 52 , 75 Devil Finds Work , The (1976), 128 Black Arts Movement, 9 , 42 , 67 , 80 – 81 , 150 , Giovanni’s Room (1956), 43 151 “Going to Meet the Man” (1965), 95 Black Arts Repertory Theatre and School “Notes of Native Son” (1955), 38 (BARTS), 53 , 70 , 73 , 76 “Price of the Ticket, The” (1985), 77 Black Fire (1968). See Jones, LeRoi, and Bambara, Toni Cade, 99 , 171 Larry Neal, eds. Black Woman: An Anthology, The (1970), black freedom struggle, 7 , 8 11 , 163 , 167 – 170 black nationalism, 50 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 67 , 73 , These Bones are Not My Child (1999), 99 125 , 149 Baraka, Amiri (LeRoi Jones), 46 , 49 , 51 , 53 , Black Panthers, 7 , 50 , 56 , 75 , 125 , 149 , 172 65 , 66 , 70 , 71, 76 , 78 , 79 , 144 , 145 , Black Power, 6 , 7 , 8 , 51 , 52 , 72 , 75 , 92 , 151 , 147 , 151 167 , 171 , 172 Dutchman (1964), 10 , 77 Black Studies, 9 , 56 , 164 , 170 Slave, The (1964), 57 , 81 BLCKARTSOUTH, 53 Barnett, Ross, 146 Boggs, Grace Lee, 167 Bassett, Angela, 138 Bond, Julian, 86 Beale, Frances, 165 , 167 , 170 , 175n16 Boycott! (2001), 137

201

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05983-2 - The Cambridge Companion to American Civil Rights Literature Edited by Bronwen Neil and Pauline Allen Index More information

Index

boycotts, 107 , 149 , 187 consensus narrative, 6 , 7 , 17 , 86 Branch, Taylor declension narrative, 6 , 7 Parting the Waters: America in the King historiography, 4 , 7 – 8 Years, 1954–1963 (1988), fi lm option, long movement, 2 , 6 – 7 , 17 , 19 , 108 , 137 163 , 165 Brando, Marlon, 132 Civil War, U.S., 30 , 51 , 105 , 150 Bridges, Ruby, 138 Cleaver, Eldridge Broadside Press. See also Randall, Dudley Soul on Ice (1968), 163 Brooks, Gwendolyn, 9 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 23 – 25 , Clifton, Lucille, 49 , 56 , 144 27 , 92 , 144 , 146 , 151 Good Times (1969), 57 Brown, Henry, 21 Clinton, William Jefferson, 159 Brown, James, 73 colonialism, 151 Brown, John, 27 , 28 , 29 Coltrane, John, 154 – 157 Brown, Rosellen Combahee River Collective, 56 Civil Wars (1984), 90 , 91 , 98 Congress for Racial Equality (CORE), 136 Half a Heart (2001), 98 Cooper, Anna Julia Brown, Wesley “Womanhood a Vital Element in the Darktown Strutters (1994), 42 , 89 Regeneration and Progress of a Race” Bullins, Ed, 49 (1892), 165 Goin a’ Buffalo (1968), 57 Corman, Roger, 133 , 134 – 135 Burnett, Charles. See Murder of Emmett Till, Cornwell, Anita, 51 The ; Selma Lord Selma Cortez, Jane Burroughs, Charles, 68 Festivals and Funerals (1971), 57 Butler, Octavia, 43 Cortez, Jayne, 49 Kindred ( 1970), 43 Cosby Show, The , 187 Butler, The (2013), 11 , 124 – 126 , 136 , Council of Federated Organizations 138 , 139 (COFO), 116 criminal justice system, 3 , 7 , 12 , 55, 185 , 186 Campbell, Bebe Moore Crisis at Central High (1981), 126 Your Blues Ain’t Like Mine (1992), 89 , 90 , Crisis, The, 68 91 , 93 – 94 , 97 , 98 Crummell, Alexander Cardinal, The (1963), 133 “The Black Woman of the South: Her Carmichael, Stokely, 53 Neglects and Her Needs” (1883), 167 Cassill, R.V. Cruse, Howard “The First Day of School” (1958), 90 Stuck Rubber Baby (1995), 94 Castro, Fidel, 66 Curtis, Tony, 128 Césaire, Aimé, 151 Chaney, James, 132 , 136 , 149 Dancing in the Street, 73 Chaze, Elliot, 10 Daniels, Lee. See Butler, The Tiger in the Honeysuckle (1965), 91 , 106 , Danner, Margaret, 146 111 , 115 , 119 Dash, Julie. See The Rosa Parks Story Checker, Chubby, 181 Davis, Angela, 67 Chesnutt, Charles Angela Davis: an Autobiography (1974), Marrow of Tradition, The (1901), 38 , 163 88 , 94 Davis, Ossie, 69 , 133 Child, Lydia Maria, 30 Deacons for Defense (2003), 138 Choi, Susan Deacons of Defense (Bogalusa, LA), 138 The Foreign Student (1998), 89 Dean, James, 133 Circus, The (1937), 129 Dee, Ruby, 69 Civil Rights Act. See U.S. Congress Defi ant Ones ,The (1958), 128 civil rights movement, 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 – 11 , Delany, Martin, 21 12 , 29 , 32 , 35 , 46 , 49 , 72 , 80 , 85 , 119 , DeLaughter, Bobby, 137 168 , 173 , 177 Never Too Late (2001), 137 202

Index

Demme, Jonathan, 137 Intruder in the Dust (1948), 88 , Dent, Tom, 53 107 , 108 desegregationists, 32 Requiem for a Nun (1950), 99 Detroit, MI Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 127 uprising in (1967), 149 Counter Intelligence Program Disney, Walt (fi lm productions), 138 (COINTELPRO), 55 Dixon, Thomas, 36 Ferber, Edna, 133 Douglas, Ellen Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 144 Can’t Quit You, Baby (1988), 89 Ford, Jesse Hill, 10 , 105 Douglass, Frederick, 9 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , Liberation of Lord Byron Jones, The 32 , 171 (1965), 88 , 105 , 106 , 107 Heroic Slave, The (1853), 21 Liberation of Lord Byron Jones, The “I am a Radical Woman Suffrage Man” (1965), fi lm version of, 128 , 130 (1888), 167 Four Little Girls (1997), 137 Life and Times, The (1881/1892), 23 Fowler, Connie May My Bondage and My Freedom (1855), 22 Sugar Cage (1992), 89 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Foxx, Jamie, 159 Douglass (1845), 22 , 80 Freedom Rides, 6 , 125 , 149 Du Bois, W.E.B., 17 , 18 , 19 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 46 , Freedom Summer (Mississippi, 1964), 6 , 13 , 68 – 69 , 71 , 73 , 79 16n29 , 98 , 132 , 136 “The Damnation of Women” (1920), 167 Fugitive Slave Law, 30 Duke, Bill. See Deacons of Defense Fuller, Charles, 67 Dumas, Henry, 49 , 91 A Soldier’s Play ( 1982), 78 Ark of Bones and Other Stories Zooman and the Sign (1980), 10 , 77 , (1974), 57 78 – 79 , 81 Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 41 , 145 Fuller, Hoyt, 49 , 50 , 52 , 67 , 157n1

Ebony (magazine), 50 Gable, Clark, 129 economic justice, 6 , 7 , 12 , 55 , 94 Gaines, Ernest J. Edwards, Junius Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, The If We Must Die (1963), 90 (1973), fi lm version of, 127 Ellington, Duke, 131 Gathering of Old Men, A (1983), 89 Ellison, Ralph, 9 , 17 , 29 – 32 , 36 , 123 Lesson Before Dying, A (1993), 89 “Harlem is Nowhere” (1948), 31 Gammon, Reginald Invisible Man (1952), 29 , 31 , 32 , 88 Freedom Now (1965), 1 , 3 , 12 Emancipation, 18 , 31 , 32 , 66 , 79 Garrett, Jimmy, 56 Emancipation Proclamation, 29 Garrison, William Lloyd, 30 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 30 Gautier, Amina environment, the, 12 “Dance for Me,” 99 Ernest Green Story, The (1993), 138 gay and lesbian movement, 173 Esposito, Giancarlo. See Gospel Hill Gay Liberation Front (GLF), 172 ethnic literature, 13 gay rights, 4 , 7 , 11 Ethnic Studies, 164 Gayle, Addison, Jr., 49 , 52 , 67 , 74 Evers, Medgar, 5 , 71 , 91 , 95 , 125 , 127 , gender equality, 7 137 , 149 Ghosts of Mississippi (1996), 86 , 124 , 137 Evers, Myrlie, 127 , 137 Giant (1956), 133 For Us the Living (1983), fi lm version Ginsberg, Allen, 144 , 150 of, 127 Giovanni, Nikki, 144 , 151 , 167 Girl on a Chain Gang (1964), 136 Fairbairn, Ann, 105 Global South, 13 Faulkner, William, 10 , 36 , 104 , 109 Glover, Danny, 138 As I Lay Dying (1930), 42 God Bless America (song). See Berlin, Irving Go Down, Moses (1942), 110 Goldberg, Whoopi, 137 203

Index

Goncalves, Dingane Joe, 54 Huckaby, Elizabeth, 126 Goodman, Andrew, 132 , 136 , 149 Hughes, Langston, 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 41 , 129 , Gospel Hill (2008), 138 131 , 144 , 146 , 151 grassroots organizing, 6 , 92 “The Negro Artist and the Racial Grau, Shirley Ann, 10 , 105 Mountain” (1926), 45 Great Migration, 36 Huie, William Bradford, 10 , 105 Green, Al, 187 Klansman, The , 106 Green, Ernest, 138 Three Lives for Mississippi (1964), 132 Griffi n, John Howard “Wolf Whistle” (1957), 131 , 132 Black Like Me (1961), 39 Humphreys, Josephine, 99 Griffi th, Leon Odell, 105 Hunter, Charlayne, 177 Grimké, Angelina Weld, 70 Hurricane Camille, 182 Rachel (1916), 68 Hurricane Katrina, 7 , 182 Grooms, Anthony Hurston, Zora Neale, 42 “Negro Progress” (1994), 96 Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), Bombingham (2001) , 10 , 97 , 99 9 , 40 – 41 Guest, Barbara, 144 Guillén, Nicolás, 151 immigration, 12 Gwaltney, Francis Irby, 105 intersectionality, 4 , 11 , 12 , 159 – 173 Intruder, The (1961), 134 – 135 , 136 Haas, Ben, 105 Look Away (1964), 105 , 106 Jackson State University, anti-war protests Hansberry, Lorraine, 10 , 76 , 80 at, 75 Raisin in the Sun, A (1959), 10 , 38 , 69 – 70 , Jackson, Jimmie Lee, 180 71 , 72 Jackson, Maynard, 187 Sign in Sidney Brustein’s Window , The Jacobs, Harriet, 9 (1964), 76 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl To Be Young Gifted and Black (1970), (1861), 21 , 165 163 Jim Crow, 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 35 – 46 , 67 , 88 , 93 , Harlem Renaissance, 19 , 41 , 45 , 150 94 , 99 , 133 , 144 , 152 , 163 , 178 , 179 , Harlem, New York 180 , 182 , 185 . See also segregation uprising in (1964), 149 Jim Crow sign, 35 , 188 Harper, Frances E.W., 19 Johnson Publishing Company, 50 Iola Leroy (1892), 88 , 94 Johnson, Charles, 53 Harper, Michael S. Dreamer (1998), 91 “Here Where Coltrane Is,” 11 , Johnson, Clark. See Boycott! 154 – 157 Johnson, Georgia Douglas, 68 Harris, Joel Chandler, 138 Johnson, James Weldon Hartsfi eld, William B., 187 Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man Hayden, Robert, 9 , 17 , 27 – 29 , 144 , 146 (1912), 43 , 88 , 94 Heart of Dixie (1989), 126 Johnson, Lyndon B., 3 Hedgeman, Anna Arnold, 162 Johnson, Mat Height, Dorothy, 162 , 165 Incognegro (2008), 39 , 40 Help, The (2009) (novel), 10 , 85 , 86 , 90 , 91 , Jones, Carter Brook 92 , 124 White Band, The (1959), 108 Help, The (2011) (fi lm), 11 , 85 , 86 , 124 , Jones, Gayle 125 – 126 , 136 Corregidora (1975), 168 Holiday, Billie Jones, LeRoi, and Larry Neal, eds. “Strange Fruit,” 36 Black Fire (1968), 73 , 147 Holmes, Hamilton, 177 Jones, Madison Hooks, Robert, 70 Cry of Absence, A (1971), 123 Hopkins, Pauline Jones, Tayari Of One Blood , 43 Silver Sparrow (2011), 12 , 179 , 186 – 189 204

Index

Jordan, June, 56 Lee, Jarena Journal of Black Poetry , 54 Religious Experience and Journal of Jump for Joy (1941), 131 Mrs. Jarena Lee, Giving an Account of Her Call to Preach the Gospel (1842), Kahlo, Frida, 181 165 Karamu House, 68 . See also Playhouse Lee, Spike. See Four Little Girls Settlement Lester, Julius Karenga, Ron, 53 All Our Wounds Forgiven (1994), 91 Kawaida (movement), 53 Levertov, Denise, 144 Keep on Pushing (song), 73 Levine, Philip, 144 Keep Your Eyes on the Prize (song), 143 Lewis, John, 3 , 7 , 159 Kenan, Randall, 99 Lewis, Norman. See also Spiral Kennedy, John F., 71 , 124 , 149 LGBTQ rights. See also gay rights Kennedy, Robert F., 71 , 149 , 152 Lincoln, Abbey, 167 Kent State University, anti-war protests at, 75 Lincoln, Abraham, 31 , 32 , 159 Kiker, Douglas Little Rock Nine. See Little Rock, AR Southerner, The (1957), 105 Little Rock, AR Killens, John O., 129 Central High School, 1957 integration of, ‘Sippi (1967), 10 , 90 , 91 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 126 , 128 , 149 Kincaid, Nanci Little Theater Movement, 69 , 75 Crossing Blood (1992), 89 Long Walk Home, The (1990), 126 King (1978 fi lm) , 126 Lorde, Audre, 49 King, Martin Luther, Jr. 6 , 7 , 17 , 20 , 70 , 91 , “Transformation of Silence into Language 92 , 95 , 97 , 99 , 125 , 126 , 137 , 138 , 139 , and Action,” The (1977), 2 , 6 , 13 140n11 , 144 , 151 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 159 , Love Field (1992), 124 , 126 161 , 187 Lowell, Robert, 150 death of, 6 , 71 , 139 , 149 lynching, 3 , 19 , 26 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 66 , 68 , 89 , estate of, 139 95 , 109 , 129 , 149 , 177 , 180 federal holiday, 177 “I Have a Dream” speech (1963), 160 Madgett, Naomi Long, 146 Where Do We Go From Here? (1967), Madhubuti, Haki (Don Lee), 49 , 53 , 67 5 , 153 Major, Clarence King, Woodie, Jr., 70 The New Black Poetry (1969), 147 Kinnell, Galway, 144 Malcolm X, 7 , 66 , 92 , 130 , 156 Knight, Etheridge, 49 The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965), Poems from Prison (1968), 57 163 Know Alabama (1961), 179 “The Ballot or the Bullet” (1964), 53 Krigwa Little Theater, 68 – 69 , 70 , 73 , 76 death of, 71 , 149 Krone, Gerald S., 70 March on Washington, 1 , 42 , 156 , 160 , 162 , Ku Klux Klan, 36 , 118 , 123 , 129 , 133 , 135 , 165 136 , 180 anniversary of, 159 marches, 1 , 107 , 149 , 151 labor movement, 162 Marion, AL, 179 Lafayette Players, The. See Anita Bush Stock Martha and the Vandellas, 73 Company Martin, Trayvon, 161 Lancaster, Burt, 132 Mayfi eld, Julian, 67 Laneuville, Eric. See The Ernest Green Story McCullers, Carson, 104 Larsen, Nella, 40 Clock Without Hands (1961), 88 , 94 , 107 Passing (1929), 9 , 38 , 39 , 43 McDaniel, Hattie, 131 Lawrence, Jacob, 28 , 36 McGill, Ralph, 134 Lee, Harper, 36 McIlwain, William F., 105 To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), 86 , 88 , 89 , Medicaid. See U.S. Congress: Social 90 , 91 , 107 Security Act 205

Index

Medicare. See U.S. Congress: Social Newton, Huey Security Act “A Letter from Huey to the Revolutionary Melville, Herman, 28 Brothers and Sisters about the Women’s Memphis (2013), 139 Liberation and Gay Liberation Memphis, TN Movements,” (1970), 11 , 163 , 172 – 173 sanitation worker’s strike, 161 Nixon, Richard M., 55 , 75 Meredith, James, 50 , 146 nonviolence, 6 Milner, Jay Nordan, Lewis Incident at Ashton (1961), 91 Wolf Whistle (1993), 91 Milner, Ron, 70 Norris, Bruce Mississippi Burning (1988), 86 , 124 , Clybourne Park (2010), 70 , 76 127 – 128 Nothing But A Man (1964), 130 , 134 , 136 Mitchell, Margaret Nunez, Elizabeth Gone With the Wind (1936), 95 , 131 Beyond the Limbo Silence (1998), 91 Montgomery, AL “Everything that Rises Must Converge” Bus Boycott, 6 , 126 , 137 (1962), 90 , 91 , 104 , 106 Moody, Anne Coming of Age in Mississippi (1968), 23 , O’Connor, Flannery, 10 , 104 , 105 , 119 163 O’Neal, John, 67 Moore, Johnny, 70 Obama, Barack, 3 , 46 , 159 Morehouse College, 187 , 188 , 191n19 Orangeburg, SC Morris, Willie, 137 uprising in (1967), 149 Morrison, Toni Organization of Black American Culture Beloved (1992), 40 (OBAC), 53 Bluest Eye, The (1970), 38 , 168 Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and Palcy, Martiniquean Euzhan. See Ruby the Literary Imagination (1992), Bridges (1998) 65 – 66 Parker, Charlie, 77 Song of Solomon (1977), 89 , 90 , 96 Parker, Mack Charles, 149 Sula (1973), 168 Parks, Rosa, 7 Murder in Mississippi (1965), 136 Parks, Suzan-Lori Murder of Emmett Till , The Getting Mother’s Body (2003), 42 , 89 , 90 (2003), 137 Patterson, Charles, 70 Murray, Pauli, 162 Patterson, William, 70 Paul Greengrass. See Memphis (2013) National Association for the Advancement Pennington, William of Colored People (NAACP), 18 , 40 , 52 , Fugitive Blacksmith, The (1849), 21 – 22 68 , 69 , 82n7 , 112 – 115 , 116 , 125 , 127 , Percy, Walker, 104 137 , 138 , 185 Petry, Ann, 9 , 17 , 27 National Black Feminist Organization, 56 Street, The (1946), 25 , 27 , 88 National Black Political Convention Phillips, Wendell, 22 (1974), 55 Pickens, William, 18 , 19 National Black Theater, 70 Pillow Talk (1959), 134 National Guard, 99 , 135 Playhouse Settlement, 68 . See also Karamu Neal, Larry, 49 , 52 , 67 , 74 , 76 , 147 House Négritude Movement, 150 , 151 Poitier, Sidney, 69 , 70 , 128 , 129 , 139 Negro Digest , 50 – 52 . See also Fuller, Hoyt Poor People’s Campaign, 161 Negro Ensemble Company, 70 – 71 , 73 , 75 , post-black, 178 , 182 , 184 , 186 , 188 , 190 . 76 , 79 See also post-racial New Federal Theater, 70 post–civil rights, 3 , 4 , 12 , 41 , 49 , 54 , 66 , 74 , New Jim Crow, 4 , 7 . See also segregation 91 , 95 , 178 Newark, NJ post-racial, 3 , 11 , 46 , 178 uprising in (1967), 149 Preminger, Otto, 133 206

Index

Price, Reynolds, 126 Senghor, Léopold Sédar, 151 Prosser, Gabriel, 27 Senna, Danzy Caucasia (1998), 40 , 98 Randall, Dudley, 49 , 54 , 146 Shange, Ntozake, 67 Randall, Tony, 134 for colored girls who have considered Reconstruction, 2 , 3 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 66 , 112 , suicide /when the rainbow is enuf 119 , 179 (1975), 10 , 77 – 78 , 81 Red Summer, 66 . See also lynching Shatner, William, 134 Reed, Clarence, 70 Siddons, Anne River Rich, Adrienne, 144 Heartbreak Hotel (1976), 126 Richards, Lloyd, 69 sit-ins, 107 , 125 , 149 , 151 Richardson, Willis, 68 slavery, 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 , 17 , 20 , 21 – 23 , 26 , 28 , 30 , Robinson, Henry Morton, 133 32 , 35 , 42 , 95 , 111 , 131 , 138 , 151 , 162 , Robinson, Smokey, 187 165 , 167 , 178 , 179 , 185 and the Miracles, 73 Sloan, William Rogers, Carolyn, 53 Tear Gas and Hungry Dogs (1963) , 109 Rogers, Lettie Hamlett, 10 , 105 Smith, Bessie, 77 Birthright (1957), 111 , 112 – 115 Smith, Lillian, 109 Roots: The Next Generations Strange Fruit (1944), 88 , 95 , 107 , 108 (1979), 127 Smith, Samuel Frances Rosa Parks Story , The (2002), 137 “America” (1832), 177 Roth, Philip Social Security Act. See U.S. Congress Human Stain, The (2000), 40 Song of the South (1946), 138 Rowell, Charles, 46 Southern Christian Leadership Conference Ruby Bridges (1998), 138 (SCLC), 127 , 187 Rustin, Bayard, 161 Spacek, Sissie, 126 Spelman College, 187 Salaam, Kalamu ya, 53 Spence, Eulalie, 68 “Women’s Rights are Human Rights” Fool’s Errand (1927), 69 (1979), 11 , 163 , 170 – 172 Spencer, Elizabeth, 10 , 99 , 105 same-sex marriage. See also gay rights Voice at the Back Door, The (1956), 88 , Sanchez, Sonia, 49 , 56 , 61 , 67 , 144 106 , 107 , 110 We a BaddDDD People (1970), 57 Spielberg, Steven, 139 Sanguinetti, Elise Spiral, 1 – 2 , 3 Last of the Whitfi elds, The (1962), 108 First Group Showing: Works in Black and Sartre, Jean Paul White (1965), 1 La Putain Respecteuse (1946), 130 Spirit House, 73 Schuyler, George St. Augustine, FL Black No More (1931) , 9 , 42 , 43 integration campaign (1964), 89 “The Negro-Art Hokum” (1926), 45 Stepin’ Fetchit (Lincoln Theodore Monroe Schwerner, Michael, 132 , 136 , 149 Andrew Perry), 67 , 81 Scottsboro Boys, 129 stereotypes, racial, 44 , 66 , 67 , 109 , 123 , 131 , segregation, 3 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 20 , 21 , 31 , 35 – 46 , 138 , 139 , 187 50 , 85 , 86 , 88 , 94 , 95 , 113 , 123 , 124 , Stevens, George, 133 134 , 145 , 157 , 160 , 162 , 177 , 179 , 180 , Stewart, James, 67 181 , 183 , 185 Stockett, Kathryn, 10 . See Help, The segregationists, 5 , 13 , 36 , 109 Stone, Oliver, 139 self-defense, 6 Stone, Philip Alston, 105 Selma Lord Selma (1999). Storm Warning (1950), 129 See also Selma, AL Student Nonviolent Coordinating Selma, AL Committee (SNCC), 116 , 136 Selma-to-Montgomery march, 2 , 3 , 6 , 125 , Styron, William, 104 138 , 149 The Confessions of Nat Turner (1967), 97 207

Index

Teer, Barbara Ann, 70 Updike, John Thelwell, Michael “Marching Through Boston” (1966), 90 , 95 “Direct Action” (1963), 90 US (organization), 53 Third World Press, 49 , 54 Thompson, James W. Vechten, Carl Van, 36 “See What Tomorrow Brings” (1968), Vian, Boris 96 , 99 J’Irai Cracher sur Vos Tombes (1946), 130 Thoreau, Henry David, 28 , 29 , 30 Vietnam Confl ict, 75 , 147 Till, Emmett, 89 , 92 , 132 , 149 , 152 , 177 voter registration, 55 Toomer, Jean Voting Rights Act. See U.S. Congress Cane (1923), 36 Touré, Askia, 56 Walcott, Derek, 144 Trethewey, Natasha Waldman, Anne, 144 , 150 Beyond Katrina: A Meditation on the Walker, Alice, 91 , 150 , 167 Mississippi Gulf Coast (2010), 12 , 178 , Color Purple, The (1982), 9 , 41 , 42 , 88 182 – 186 , 190 Meridian (1976), 10 , 90 , 91 , 94 , 96 , 97 , 98 Truong, Monique Third Life of Grange Copeland, The Bitter in the Mouth (2010), 89 (1970), 168 Truth, Sojourner, 28 , 30 , 165 Walker, David Tubman, Harriet, 27 , 29 , 131 Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the Turner, Darwin T., 67 World (1829), 42 , 80 Turner, Nat, 21 , 27 , 29 , 30 Walker, Margaret, 144 , 146 Ward, Douglas Turner, 69 , 70 U.S. Congress, 3 Warren, Robert Penn, 10 , 104 Civil Rights Act of 1957, 50 Band of Angels (1959), 129 Civil Rights Act of 1960, 50 Washington, Booker T., 99 , 145 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 49 , 50 , 51 , 72 , Watergate scandal, 75 160 Watts uprising (Los Angeles, CA), 50 , 149 Civil Rights Act of 1968, 72 , 160 We Shall Overcome (song), 143 Social Security Act, 59 Weaver, Lila Quintero Voting Rights Act of 1965, 2 , 3 , 49 , 50 , Darkroom: A Memoir in Black and White 72 , 92 , 160 , 161 (2012), 11 , 178 , 179182 , 190 U.S. Constitution, 32 , 65 Webb, Sheyann, 138 Fifteenth Amendment, 2 Welty, Eudora, 104 Fourteenth Amendment, 2 “The Demonstrators” (1966), 123 Thirteenth Amendment, 2 Must the Writer Crusade?” (1965), 123 U.S. presidential election (2000), 99 “Where is the Voice Coming From?” U.S. Supreme Court (1963), 90 , 91 , 95 , 104 , 123 Brown v. Board of Education decision, 3 , West, Dorothy, 129 6 , 44 , 92 , 105 , 108 , 109 , 112 , 113 , 120 , Wheatley, Phillis, 45 , 46 , 145 126 , 133 , 134 , 149 , 160 Whitaker, Forest, 138 Loving v. Virginia decision, 126 White Citizens Councils, 94 , 134 Parents Involved in Community Schools v. white supremacy, 18 Seattle School District No. 1 decision, White, Walter, 40 44 Whitehead, Colson, 46 Plessy v. Ferguson decision, 3 , 35 , 39 , 88 , Intuitionist, The (1999), 40 , 89 160 Williams, Bert, 67 , 81 Shelby County v. Hold er decision, 3 , 7 Williams, John A. Underground Railroad, 21 The Man Who Cried I Am ( 1968), 60 University of Georgia Williams, Shirley, 167 integration of, 177 Wilson, Frank, 68 University of Mississippi Wilson, Harriet integration of, 1962, 146 Our Nig (1861), 21 208

Index

Wiltz, Christine, 99 “Big Boy Leaves Home” (1935), 9 , 37 , Winfrey, Oprah, 139 , 159 89 , 90 Wolfe, Tom, 99 Black Boy (1945), 2 women’s movement, 173 “How Bigger was Born” (1940), 37 women’s rights, 11 , 56 Native Son (1940), 37 , 88 Woodruff, Hale. See also Spiral World War II, 8 , 108 Young, Andrew, 187 Wright, Jeffrey, 137 Wright, Richard, 36 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 129 , 130 Zimmerman, George, 161

209