Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific

International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 10, Issue, 12(D), pp. 36292-36298, December, 2019 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article

FOLKLORE MEDICINAL PLANTS OF , ,

Lakshmana1*., Parveen, K. N2 and Shalini, B. R1

1Department of Botany, University College of Science, Tumkur University, Tumkur 2Department of Studies and Research in Botany, Davanagere University, Davanagere

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2019.1012.4896

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: Folklore medicine is the mixture of traditional healing practices. It is a belief that involves herbal medicinal spirituality and manual therapies in ordered to diagnose, treat or to prevent different Received 15th September, 2019 th ailments. In this paper the field survey was carried out by visiting randomly selected villages are Received in revised form 7 chosen as study area. Personal interview was conducted among traditional herbal healers of 38 October, 2019 males and two females in different communities by introducing simple semi-structured questioner. Accepted 13th November, 2019 th All the collected plants were processed and prepared as herbarium specimens are deposited in the Published online 28 December, 2019 Department of Botany, Davanagereuniversity, Davanagere for future references. The paper

comprises about 75 plants belongs to 73genera and 52 families. The identified plants are arranged in Key Words: alphabetical order includes botanical name, family, common name with its uses. The survey reveals Ailments, Folklore, Medicine, Tradition, the major diseases like Bone fracture, Asthama, Diabetes Dysentery, Fever, Liver disorder, Piles, Tribal. Jaundice, Snake bites and other common ailments were reported.

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INTRODUCTION diseases. Acharyya, and Sharma, 2004). Indigenous herbal treatment is a part of culture and dominant mode of therapy in The history of folklore medicine can be traced back to vedic most of the developing countries. These traditional phyto- period. It is the combination of traditional cultural practices in remedies with a considerable extent of effectiveness are addition to healing practices through natural resources.The socially and economically accepted (Murthy et al, 2012;Panday sector of medicinal plants has traditionally occupied an and Tripathi. 2010). According to world health organization important position and play a pivotal role in socio-economic, (WHO) morethan 80% of the African people resort to cultural, spiritual and phyto-medicinal area of rural and tribal traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia to overcome many lives of India. (Ramanathan, et.al,2014).Generally the plants health problems. There is no mention or little mention about based drugs have been used by all the peoples of India. These plants must be used as medicine in the treatment of human drugs are now getting greater importance all over the world, ailments. It is seen that empiric knowledge about vast resources especially in developing countries. Because of side-effects of of herbs and other plant sources having curative properties is allopathic medicine. (GanapathyRajan, et al, 2011). Traditional prevailing in the rural areas in the country. Even today plant Folk-knowledge was Spread and wide use in ancient th materials continued to play a major role in the primary civilization until the middle of the 19 century plants were the healthcare as a therapeutic remedy in many developing main natural resources and therapeutic agents used by countries.Siddalinga Murthy, 2015).In recent years traditional humans.(Lietava.1992;Bernath, 2000). The term folklore was ethno medicinal practices have been much attention due to their first coined by an English man William Thoms in 1846.The wide local accessability. The main objective of this study was knowledge of folklore medicine is centuries old system. The to assess the diversity of ethno medicinal plants used by tribal prolonged trial and error of testing these plant resources and as well as local peoples of Davanagere District, and also often facing the risk of the loss of human life, they have documented these traditional medicinal practices of the study learned to utilize local plants to cure different ailments. Their area. (Pooja and Vidyasagar 2015).Thus it is high time to belief and folk practices are based on past experience with document the traditional knowledge lying concerned among the various diseases and their cures. (Sapuchangkija1999). These ethnic communities before it is lost forever (Shashikanth, et al, tribes have their own knowledge on traditional herbal medicine 2014). Folklore medicinal plants and their utility by the tribal/ inherited from their forefathers. These peoples also use animal local herbal healers of Davanagere district is an unexplored parts and flesh along with herbal ingradients to treat various area, because of the improper survey of the previous workers.

*Corresponding author: Lakshmana Department of Botany, University College of Science, Tumkur University, Tumkur International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 10, Issue, 12(D), pp. 36292-36298, December, 2019

Study Area MATERIAL S AND METHODS th Davanagere is one of the 30 district in Karnataka state with the The survey was conducted in different parts of the Davanagere creation of the new district on 15th August 1997. The name has district during the year 2012 to 2014.The first hand information been originated from the word Devan-kere (God’s Tank). The was obtained from the tribal by using simple semi-structured district head quarter town called Davangere.It is one of the questionneir. The questionnaire is divided into two the first part landlocked district is situated in the eastern part of Karnataka consist of the profile information of the tribal informants and between 140.31’ Nlatitude and 750.58’ E longitude, popularly the second part consist of knowledge on local medicinal plants. known as “Nadu Naadu” The district is bounded by All the interviews were carried out according to the ISE district in North east, district in North west, The guidelines for ethno botanical research. Here , Telegu, district at south west and district by south Tamil and Malayalm is spoken language but kannada is the east. The total land area is about 5975.97 Sq.Km. and 1977 sq. spoken with official language of the district. All tribal ft. above the sea level. It comprises about six taluks (Fig.1). communities speak kannada. The information presented inthis Geographically it is placed under major sedimentary rock paper is based on interview and personal observations of called younger schist belt or Dharwar type of schist belt mainly traditional herbal healers, viz. tribalmedicine men and women classified into Kudremukh belt, Bababudengiri belt, Shimoga of different tribal communities and documented in the field belt, Chitradurga belt and sandur belt. The south east part of note book for further studies. In addition we also collected shimoga belt traversed the Davangere district from North west medicinal plants available in and around the study area along (Honnali) to South west (Chitradurga) direction. The main hill with well known tribal medicine man who treat some diseases ranges in the district are Ubbareni hill range and by using some locally available plants. The information Thirtharameshwara hill range. It is also a extended part of the collected from these professional medicine man popularly westernghatsstarts from . The highest peak of known as “Nativydyas” The collected information was this range is Siddeshwarabetta on which core of the forest is authenticated and cross checked with other old age peoples of located. tribal community and available literature. In our study area we The climatic conditions of the district is moderate to humid collect the information about the mode of preparation, monsoon type. (Figure.1) The south west monsoon season utilization, dosage with adjuvants are also recorded and starts from june to September. The normal temperature is documented by using audio visual devices. The collected plant ranges from 260 C to 280 C. and highest temperature is ranges materials were brought to taxonomy laboratory and identified from 32-350 C, comparatively in cold season, lowest with the help of local Flora of Davanagere District (Manjunath temperature is ranges from 16-180 C. In all the six taluksjagalur et al, 2004). and Flora of Presidency of Madras by Gamble and and Harapanahallitaluksare very high temperature. This is due Fisher, (1957). After identification the collected plants are to less forest area cover and low rainfall. The total forest area made into herbarium by using standard herbarium preparation of the district is about 899.18 Sq.Km. The annual rainfall in the method. (Jain and Rao, 1976). All the herbarium specimens are district is about 656 mm. Heavy rain fall in Chennagiritaluk preserved in our departmental herbarium centre, Department of which is adjacent to shimoga district has a transitional belt of botany, Davanagereuniversity, Davanagere for future reference. forest ranges from moist deciduous (Chennagiri range) to scrub jungle (Jagalur range) through deciduous(Honnali) forest type. RESULT

Further the district is enjoy the elements of both western and The methodology of plant enumeration is followed by Harish, eastern ghats bounded by Shimoga district is also characterized R. B.(1998). The present survey yield 75 plant species belongs by the ever green forest belt of western ghats. Scrub jungle type to73 genera and 52 families. All the plants are arranged in of vegetation is found only in Chitradurga, Bellary and some alphabetical order with family includes local names, habit of parts of Haveri districts. The total tribal population of these the plant, parts used, name of the disease, mode of preparation tribes in the district are 11.98% of very small population, and administration, dosage with or without adjuvants (Table-1) because of their wandering habit. The tribals of Davanagere are also recorded in this paper. district are highly religious and use various plants and their parts in certain religious ceremonies are also great medicinal importance. Those tribals are traditional bounded and god fearing people, who adopted these religious beliefs in addition to treatment of certain ailments.

Figure 1 Map of the study area showing Davanagere District, Karnataka 36293 | P a g e Lakshmana et al., Medicinal Plants of Davanagere Folklore District of Karnataka State, India

Table 1 List of Medicinal Plants of Davangere District

Botanical Name with Plant Part Sl No Common Name Habit Disease Mode of Preparation & Utilization Family Used Abrusprecatorius, L. The seeds are pounded to prepare fine powder and mixed with 01 Gulaganji Climber Seeds Ringworm Fabaceae coconut oil to apply topically on affected skin Abutilonindicum, G. Don. Respiratory The hand squeezed leaves are rubbed on rib bones of stomach 02 SreeMudregida Shrub Leaves Malvaceae disorders to relief the problem Acacia leucophloea,Willd. The bark is boiled to make decoction and add one spoon 03 Bilijaalimara Tree Bark Toothache common salt to gargle two times per day to relieve pain Mimosaceae Acalyphaindica, L. Rashes due to The leaves are pounded to make extract is mixed with caster oil 04 Kuppigida Herb Leaves Euphorbiaceae burn to apply externally on affected part Adansoniadigitata, L. Aanehunuse/ The fruit pulp is mixed with buttermilk to given orally for 05 Tree Fruits Loose motion Malvaceae Magimavu three to four days to become normal The leaves are grounded and the paste is mixed with lemon Aervalanata,Juss. 06 Bilihindisoppu Herb Leaves Kidney stone juice filter and take orally for one week to break 1mm size Amaranthaceae stone in urine bladder Alangiumsolvifolium, Wang. Swelling on The leaves are made into paste is applied externally on fore feet 07 Ankolegida Shrub Bark Alangiaceae fore feet to reduce swelling and avoid pus formation Menstrual It is an excellent medicine the mucilage of the leaf is mixed Aloe vera, l Succulent 08 Lolesara/kumara Leaves disorders & with candy suger is taken orally for 4-5 days to treat the Liliaceae herb Stomach pain problem. Glandular The fresh plant paste is mixed with lime paste and applied Ammaniabaccifera, L. 09 Karisannigida Herb Whole plant swellings/ externally on swellings. 5 ml of decoction is taken orally to Lythraceae fever cure intermittent fever. Anageissuslatifolia, Wall. The bark is made into paste and add a pinch of table salt and 10 Dhindigadamara Tree Bark Abscess Combrataceae apply directly on the spot Anisomelesindica (L) The leaves are shade dried and powdered is mixed with honey 11 Kuntze. Mangamarisoppu Shrub Leaves Carminative to given orally for three days Lamiaceae Annonasquamosa,L. Shrub/ The leaves are hand squeezed and the crude extract is mixed 12 Seethaphala Leaves Arthritis Annonaceae small Tree with a small piece of lime to apply externally on the joints Aponogetonnatans, Engl& Kr. Relief from The fried tuberous roots are edible to eat at the time of 13 Kundaligedde Herb Tuber Aponogetonaceae hunger starvation to relief.

Aristolochiabracteata, Retz. The fresh leaf paste is applied externally on wounds for two 14 Kattekirubanagida Herb Leaves Wounds Aristolochiaceae weeks Asparagus racemossus, Climbing Galactaguage/ The dried root powder is used to increase lactation in nursing 15 Willd. Halavumakkalaballi Root tubers herb Leucorrhages mother and control leucorrhages. Lilaceae Balanitesaegyptica, W & R. Small The fruit pulp is squeezed with water to make a juice filter and 16 Ingalara Fruit Pulp Diarrhoea Simarubaceae Tree add 10 gm of candy suger to drunk for three days Barlariaprionites, L. Prickly The flowers are crushed with cow milk to given orally for 17 Gubasigida Flowers Asthama Acanthaceae shrub infants to cure the disease Betulautilis, D. Don. Shrub The leaves are boiled and 5ml of the decoction is taken orally 18 Bojpathre Leaves Expel Worms Betulaceae /Tree with empty stomach Barringtoniaacutangula, Neerkanagilu/ The bark is shade dried and a pinch of fine powder is taken 19 Gaertn. Tree Bark Diabetes Dhatripala orally to reduce blood suger Lecythidaceae Bidenspilosa, L. The leaves are made into paste and is applied on skin to 20 Kaduhuchhellu Herb Leaves Itching Asteraceae alleviate itches Bixaorellina, L. The seeds are soaked in 50ml of water overnight and taken 21 Kumkum tree Tree Seeds Intestinal ulcer Bixaceae orally for one month to cure the disease Bryophyllumpinnatum, Succulant The fresh leaves are crushed and the mucilage is applied 22 Kurz. Kadubasale Herb Scorpion sting leaf externally as an antidote Crassulaceae The bark is boiled with 10ml water and mixed with 10gm of Buchananialanzan, Spr. Watery 23 Nurkul Tree Bark joggary is taken orally for one week to reduce water content in Anacordiaceae stomach stomack Buteaparviflora, Roxb. The seeds are ground with common salt to apply externally on 24 Mullumuttuga Tree Seeds Boils Fabaceae boils on skin The tendered leaves are made into paste is applied externally Caesalpiniabonduc(L) Armed Leaves Wound healing on wounds to cure 25 Roxb. Gejjaga Shrub Seeds & ear sore The seeds are rubbed on rough surpace of stone with gingelly Caesalpiniaceae oil is dropped into ear for 7-8 days to cure earsore Calamusrotanga,L. Urinary The young roots are boiled and eaten as raw to reduce urinary 26 Nagabettha Climber Root disorders troubles Palmaceae Calatropisprocera, R. Br. Expel spine in The latex is applied on spine injecting spot for few days to 27 BiliEkka Shrub Latex Asclepiadaceae feet expel spine from the feet

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The fruit pulp is grind with a piece of ginger is Careyaarborea, Roxb. Intestinal ulcer & 28 Kumbhimara Tree Fruit mixed with a cup of butter milk to taken orally for 8- Lecythidaceae indigestion 10 days to relief. The root is ground with few pieces of garlic and the Caseariaesculanta, Roxb. Small 29 Ekanayakanabeeru Root Migraine paste is applied on forehead either left or right to Samydaceae Tree relief. Cassia auriculata, L. The decoction of the bark is given orally to cure 30 Thangadi Shrub Bark Mouth ulcer Caesalpiniaceae mouth ulcer The fresh leaves are chewed with a little bit of Centellaasiatica(L) Urban Improve memory 31 Ondelaga Herb Leaves common salt to affect nervous system of brain to Apiaceae power improve memory power Cinnamomumzeylanicum, The leaves are boiled with water make decoction is Inflammation& 32 Garc. Ex.Blume. Dalchinnipathre Tree Leaves mixed with curd to taken orally for 3-4 days to dysentery Lauraceae alleviate the problem Commelinabengalensis, L Whole Emollient The herb is used as a vegetable and considered as a 33 Kannesoppu Herb Commelinaceae plant laxative emollient to treat easy motion Cordiospermumhelicacabum The leaves are used as vegetable for one week to 34 Agniballi Climber Leaves Arthrities Sapindaceae cure Crinum asiaticum, L. The bulbs are boiled with water and then crushed 35 Vishamuguli Herb Bulb Eczema Amaryllidceae with gingerly oil and applied externally on eczema A pinch of seed powder is given orally to relief Croton tiglium, L. Small diarrhoea 36 Japaalabeeja Seeds Diarrhoea Euphorbiaceae Tree If it is taken has high dose it leads to cause uncontrollable dysentery The tuberous root is boiled with a cup of water to Curculigoorchioidesgaertner Tuberous 37 Nelataale Herb Piles make a decoction is taken orally for one month to Hypoxidaceae Root cure piles. The whole plant is chapped into small pieces and Cymbopogon martini, Wats. Whole Digestive boiled for one or two hours the decoction is mixed 38 Gramineae Kasihullu Herb plant disorder with a pinch of zinger paste and pepper powder is

taken orally to rejuvenate digestive system The fresh grass is made into paste is mixed with Cynodondactylon Whole 39 Garike Herb Cut wounds gouzutia oil to apply externally to cure wound Cyperaceae plant caused by agricultural weapons The root is ground with water to make juice and add Decalepishamiltonii, W & A Makaliberu/Nanna Twining candy suger in it and keep overnight outside the 40 Root Gastritis Asclepiadaceae riberu Shrub yard In the early morning one cup juice taken orally with empty stomach The bark is boiled with a cup of water and reduced to Diospyrusmontona,Roxb. 41 Jagalagantimara Tree Bark Sinusitis 10 ml and pour one or two drops of this juice into Ebenaceae the nostrils to cure The bark is burnt and the coal formed by this bark is Dryobalanops aromatic powdered and mixed with mustered oil to apply 42 Pachhakarpura Tree Bark Leucoderma Dipterocarpaceae externally on white patches for one month to become natural colour The seeds are soaked in a cup of water for overnight Elaeocarpusserratus, L. 43 Rudrakshi Tree Seeds Haemorrages and this water is taken orally to cure haemorrhages in Elaeocarpaceae women Elephantopusscaber, L. The leaves are used as vegetable to take orally for 44 Nayinaaligegida Herb Leaves Diabetes Asteraceae few days to prevent the diabetes Embeliaribes, Burm. The leaves are shade dried and powdered and 5 mg Climbing 45 Myrsinaceae Vaayuvihlanga Leaves Stomach disorder of powder is mixed with 5 ml of honey to take orally Shrub for 4-5 days to cure stomach disorder The stem is chapped with knife and is boiled with The leaves are made into paste along withjoggary to one litre of Enicostemmalittorale, Blume. Whole 46 Chiraayuta Herb Fever make a small 10-15mg pills are shade dried and water, one Gentianaceae plant cup of the swallow two pills per day for 3-5 days to cure. decoction is taken orally to reduce excess of heat Erythrinaindica, (L). Lam. The leaves are made into paste is mixed with a pinch 47 Mulluhalivana Tree Leaves Abscess Fabaceae of lime powder to apply externally on spot. The tuber is squeezed and few drops of juice is Eulophianuda, Lindl. 48 Haavumoregedde Herb Tuber Anti -venom mixed with 10 ml of cow urine is given orally to Orchidaceae omit snake venom Ficusmysorensis, Heyne. The latex is mixed with joggery to make a Poultice is 49 Gonimara Tree Latex Headache Moraceae applied externally on forehead to cure headache 10 to 15 leaves are boiled with one cup of water to Ficusreligiosa, L. 50 Aralimara Tree Leaves Heart problems make decoction is also further boiled to reduce ¾ Moraceae cup and cool to taken orally to avoid heart problems

36295 | P a g e Lakshmana et al., Medicinal Plants of Davanagere Folklore District of Karnataka State, India

Gloriosasuperba, L. Gowrihoov/ Climbing Piles/ The root paste is applied externally on piles. A small dose of 51 Root tubers Liliaceae Agnishikhe herb abortificient powder is taken orally with the lemon juice as an abortificient Glycorrhizaglabra The leaves are boiled and 10ml of the decoction is mixed with 52 Jaestamadhu Herb Leaves Flatulency Fabaceae lemon juice is taken orally to alleviate flatulency Grangiamadaraspatana, The whole plant is chapped into small pieces and boiled for 10 53 Poir. Maachipathre Herb Whole plant Laxative minutes to make decoction and add a pinch of common salt, Asteraceae pepper powder is taken orally 3-4 days to control. The fruits are shade dried and powdered 10 mg. of powder is Helicteresisora, L 54 EdamuriKayi Shrub Fruits Vermicide mixed with 15 ml of honey to take empty stomach as Sterculiaceae vermicide Ichnocarpusfruitescence, R. Climbing Maggots The leaves are hand squeezed and the fresh juice is applied 55 Br. Gouriballi Leaves Shrub wounds externally on wound to cure. Apocynaceae Ionodiumsuffruiticosum, Intermittent The whole plant is shade dried and powdered is mixed with 56 Ging. Purusharathna Herb Whole plant fever honey is given orally for 3-4 days Violaceae Jatrophagossypifolia, L. The seeds are poisonous and made into powder is mixed with 57 Kaduharalu Shrub Seeds Eczema Euphorbiaceae karanja oil is applied externally on body Kigaliapinnata Aanesouthe The pulp is made into juice with joggry 10ml of this is given 58 Tree Fruit pulp Dry cough Bignoniaceae Mara orally for 3 days to cure. Kirganaliareticulate Skin The leaf juice is mixed with Neem oil is applied externally on 59 Karisooli Shrub Leaves Euphorbiaceae eruption skin to cure skin eruption Leeaherbacea The tendered leaves are made into paste is applied on Abscess 60 Deevalikolu Shrub Leaves Abscess Vitaceae to cure for one week. The leaves are used as vegetable to given nursing mother to 61 Leptadeniareticulata Sihihale Twiner Leaves Galactagogue improve production of breast milk. Sarcostemmabrevistigma, Konanaballi/ Straggling The stem paste is mixed with coconut oil is applied externally 62 W & A. Stems Ringworm Somanaballi shrub for 10- days to cure. Apocynaceae Semicarpusanacordium Washer men used this sap to prepare permanent marking ink is 63 Gerumara Tree Sap of tree Whitlow applied externally on whitlow Anacordiaceae Expellation of Solanumxanthocarpum Prickly 64 Haladimullugulla Seeds worms in The seeds are powdered and smoked to expel worms in teeths Solanaceae herb teeths Whole The whole plants are used to avoid bed bugs and the flowers are Sphaeranthusindicus, L Burning 65 Moodesoppu Herb plants/flower made into powder is mixed with neem oil is applied externally Asteraceae wound s on burning wounds. The seeds are powdered and boiled with water to make one cup Syzygiumzeylanicum 66 Neralemara Tree Seeds Diabetes of decoction is taken orally for one month to reduce suger into Myrtaceae normal level. The bark is shade dried and made into powder is mixed with Termenaliaarjuna Tree Bone fracture/ 67 Holematthi Bark niger seed oil (Guizotiaabyssinica) is applied externally and Combrataceae Sprine bandaged with splints for 10-15 days to cure The fruits are used in Ayurveda to make “Triphalachoorna” the Termenaliachebula 68 Alalekayi Tree Fruits Diarrhoea fruitsare made into powder is soaked in buttermilk for one or Combrataceae two hours filter and taken orally for 3-4 days. Tinosporacordifolia Pain of spinal The stem is cut into piecies and boiled to make decoction is 69 Amruthaballi Climber Stem Menispermaceae cord taken orally for 8-10 days to alleviate pain Toddaliaasiatica Prickly Intermittent The seeds are made into powder is taken orally with pure honey 70 Kaadumenasu Seeds Rutaceae shrub fever to cure the disease. Tribulusterrestris Occasionally the whole plant is used as vegetable to avoid 71 Neggalu Herb Whole Plant Kidney stone Aizoceae kidney stone formation A small piece of bark is taken orally as an antidote for snake Strychnospotatorum, L. Snake 72 Kasaraka/vishamusti Tree Bark bite and the paste of the bark is applied externally to cure Loganiaceae bite/psoriasis psoriasis. Wattakakavolubilies The fresh leaves are and squizeed and the juice is mixed with 73 Climber Leaves Tonslitis Asclepiadaceae lime stone is applied externally on neck for 7 days to cure. Withaniasomnifera Rhizometous The rhizome is shade dried and powdered is applied externally 74 Hiremaddinagedde Shrub Verrucosis Solanaceae root with gingelly oil for one week to relief verrucose vein. Zizipusjujube Prickly The juice made from these fruits are taken orally for 3-4 days to 75 Elachihannu Fruits Stomach pain Rhmnaceae shrub/Tree cure pain.

DISCUSSION west and north eastern part of Karnataka state. They were also augment their daily income by working as a agricultural An ethnobotanical survey was under taken to gather labourers, horticultural labourers. In addition the Kadukurubas information from the tribals of Davanagere district from 2012 and JenukurabasHakkipikki and hasalaru are collected the to 2014.The major tribals of davanagere district is rajagonda, medicinal raw materials from the nearest forest regions to Dubla, Hakkipikki, HasalaruJenukuruba, Kadukuraba, Medha, prepare a their own crude drug and treat several common Nayaka are most important tribal communities inhabited in our ailments of villagers who suffered from skin diseases diabetes study area. Most of them are permanent settled, among them fever bone fractures and sprains. But now a days their third few communities such as Jenukuruba, Kadukuruba, Medha, world generations are well educated and well settled in cities Hasalaru and Halakkivokkaligas are immigrants from the North and also communicated with civilized peoples. These peoples 36296 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 10, Issue, 12(D), pp. 36292-36298, December, 2019 belongs to different culture and customs possess a good deal of the plants. (Manoj Kujur and Ahirwar, 2015).Urbanization and information about medicinal utility of local biodiversity. encroachment of catchment area of forest by builders, and (Ashwani Kumar, 2012). The information collected from the farmers has caused habitat destruction resulting in severe loss tribal medicine men are very much interesting because tribals of diversity of medicinal plants.(Ratna, andKalyani, 2013; are tradition bounded and god fearing peoplecannot reveals the Singh and Tripathi, 2019).We observe the tribal communities secrets of medicinal plants utilization, mode of preparation and of certain areas maintaining some rarely available, frequently administration, dosage time etc. The oral administration of used and easily propagatable species of plants such as certain drugs are very interesting during administration they Alangiumsolvifolium, Annonasquamosa, were follow good day or week, time, half moon day or full Bryophyllumpinnatum, Erythrinaindica, Gloriosasuperba, moon day etc are very important to treat certain severe Leptadania reticulate, Sarcostemmabrevistigma, ailments. For instance infants suffered from insomnia, cough, Strychnuspotatorum, Syzygiunzeylanicum, Termenaliachebula, cold, sneezing, running nose and fever they use garlic pieces to Wattakakavolubili and withaniasomnifera etc. are grown in make a garland and tie of the neck for 10-15 days or till it cure. bunds of agriculture fields and other isolated places, which are The scientific region behind this, the infant always chewing commonly used in traditional medicine. Cultivation of these garlic pieces in their mouth and swallow the juice of the medicinal plants in their farm yards, Back yards is the best and garlic to cure these ailments. This method of treatment is most reliable measure to protect and conservation of this performed by traditional medicine men or village priest at the medicinal biodiversity. Due to over exploitation and time of half moon day or full moon day of Tuesday, Friday and unscientific explorations of these medicinal plant resources, the Sundays are the good days. Some times chanting mantras are valuable traditional knowledge is depleting very fast. very essential for early cure of the disease. It is one of the Acknowledgement oldest traditional method of treatment is still followed by these tribal communities. *The mode of preparation of certain drugs The author Thanks to all tribal communities of Davanagere are highly expensive and are more important to prepare a districtfor their valuable discussion and suggestion for the certain drugs. The ingredients are borrowed from the crude diversity of medicinal plants its conservation for future product sellers. The expense of the preparation of the drug is generation. It is very much helpful for the publication of this born by patient. Tribal believe that commercialization of these paper. drugs and expectation of rewards is abandoned because it effect on potentiality of drug and reduce their traditional knowledge. References

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CONCLUSIONS Ethnopharmacology, 53: 263-266. 7. Saldanha CJ. (1984). Flora of Karnataka, Oxford and India has a rich heritage of medicinal plants more than 8000 IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi. medicinal plant species have been recorded. But unlike China, 8. Siddalinga Murthy, SM. (2015). Traditional Knowledge India has not been able to capitalize on this herbal health by on edible Medicinal Plants of HarapanahalliTaluk in promoting its use in the developed world, due to the non- Davanagere District of Karnataka, India. World J. availability of sophisticated techniques to prepare herbal drugs Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 4(1): 494-504. and their formulations.(SangitaKumari, et al, 2011). The 9. Pushpangadan, P. and Atal, CK. (1984). Ethno-Medico- Folklore plants healing certain ailments is long term process. Botanical Investigations in Kerala- Some Primitive Proper utilization and applications of these formulations are Tribals of Western ghats and their Herbal Medicines. J. highly effective and early curable. (Rama Shankar and Rawat, Ethnopharm. 11(1): 59-77. 2012). These plants have adequate curative properties, due to 10. Maruti, KR., Krishna, V. Manjunatha, BK. and the presence of various complex secondary metabolites of Nagaraja, YP. (2000). Traditional Medicinal Plants of different chemical composition found in one or more parts of Davanagere District, Karnataka, with reference to cure 36297 | P a g e Lakshmana et al., Medicinal Plants of Davanagere Folklore District of Karnataka State, India

of skin diseases, Enviroment and Ecology. 18(2): 441- 20. Sapuchangkija. (1999). Folk Medicinal Plants of the 446. Nagas in India. Asian Folklore Studies. 58: 205-230. 11. Subarna Roy, Harsha V. Hegde, Debdutta Bhattacharya, 21. Acharyya, B.K. and Sharma, H.K. (2004). Folklore VinayakUpadhya and SanjivaD.Kholkute (2015). Tribes Medicinal Plants of Mahmora area, Sivasagar District, in Karnataka: Status of Health Research. Indian J. Med. Assam. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 3(4): Res. 141: 673-687. 365-372. 12. Jain S.K. (1981). Glimpses of Indian Ethno botany. 22. Jain, S.K. (1981). Observations on Ethno botany of the Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India. Tribals of Central India. Contribution to Indian Ethno 13. Singh, N K. and Tripathi, R.B., 2019, Traditional botany, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India. Vol. 3: Treatment of Various Skin Diseases in Balrampur 193-198. District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Recent Sci Res. 10 23. Sharmila, S., K. Kalaichelvi, M. Rajeswari and N. (10): 35519-35522. DOI: Anjanadevi (2014). Studies on the Folklore Medicinal http//dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2019.1010.4119 Uses of some Indigenous Plants among the Tribals of 14. Ramanathan R., Bhuvaneswari R., M. Indhu, G. Thiashola, Manjoor, Nilgiris South Division Western Subramanian and R. Dhandapani (2014). Survey of Ghats. Int. J. Plant Animal and Env. Sciences. 4(3): 14- Ethnobotanical Observation on Wild Tuberous 22. Medicinal plants of Kollihills, Namakkal District, 24. Rama Shankar and M.S. Rawat (2012). Medicinal Plants Tamilnadu, India. Journal of Medicinal Plants studies. used in Traditional Medicine in Aizawl and Mamit 2(4): 50-58. Districts of Mizoram. Journal of Biology and Life 15. Harish, R. B. (1998). A Field Guide to the Medicinal Sciences. 4(2): 95-101. doi: 10.5296/jbls.v4:2.3489. Plants of Devarayanadurga State Forest, Karnataka 25. Manoj Kujur and Ahirwar, R. K. (2015). Folklore Forest Department, Tumkur Division, Tumkur. Claims on some Ethno medicinal Plants Used by various 16. RatnaJyoti das and Kalyanipathak (2013).Use of Tribes of District Jashpur, Chhattisgarh, India. Int. Curr. Indigenous plants in Traditional Healthcare systems by Microbiol. App. Sci. 4(9): 860-867. Mishing Tribe of Dikhowmukh, Sivasagar District, 26. Ashwani Kumar (2012). Role of sacred plants in Assam. International Journal of Herbal medicine.1 (3): Religion and Primary health care Systems-A Case Study 50-57. of Rural People of Ajmer District of Rajasthan State. 17. GanapathyPandiarajan, RamarGovindaraj, India. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2(2): 159-165. BalakumarMakesh Kumar and 27. SangitaKumari, GovindShukla and A. SambasivaRao. KurappasamySankarasivaraman (2011). Folklore Usage (2011). The Present Status of Medicinal Plants-Aspects of Medicinal plants to Cure Dental Disorders Among the and Prospects. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biomed. Sci. 2(1): 19- Peoples of SrivilliputturTalukVirudhunagar District, 22. Tamil Nadu. International Journal of Pharmagenisis. 28. Gamble, J.S. and Fisher, CEC. (1957).Flora of the 2(1): 109-113. Presidency of Madras, Reprinted Edition. Vol. I-III.(BSI 18. International Society of Ethno Biology, ISE code of Calcutta). ethics (with 2005 additions). 29. PoojaSuryawanshi and Vidyasagar, G.M. (2015). Ethno http//ise.arts.ubc.ca/globalcoalition/ethics.php.2006. medicinal Plants Used by Rajgond Tribes of Haladkeri 19. Jain, S.K. and Rao, R.R. (1976). Hand Book of Field village in Bidar District, Karnataka, India. Int. J. Pharm. and Herbarium Methods, New Delhi. Today and Pharm. Sci. 7(8): 216-220. Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers. 30. Murthy, E. N.Sudhakar Reddy, Ch. Reddy, K. N. and Vatsavaya, S. Raju (2007).Plants used in Ethno veterinary practices by Koyas of Pakhal Wildlife Sanctury, Andra Pradesh, india. Ethno botanical leaflets. 11: 1-5.

How to cite this article:

Lakshmana et al.2019, Medicinal Plants of Davanagere Folklore District of Karnataka State, India. Int J Recent Sci Res. 10(12), pp. 36292-36298. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2019.1012.4896

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