Hyderabad and Secunderabad
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THE CITIES OP HYDERÂBÂE-SECUITDERÀBAr): With Special Reference to Their Industrial Development Karimunisa Begum Mustafa, M.A.,B.Ed. (Osmania) Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Geography, (Paculty of Arta) in the University of London, 1968. Bedford College, University of London, 1968. .. ProQuest Number: 10097298 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10097298 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 CONTENT Page Abstract 11 Acknowledgements iv List of Maps and Diagrams Vi List of Tables viii CHAPTER Historical Outlines of the Cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. II Hyderabad and Secunderabad : Their Physical Setting. 2k III Hyderabad-Secunderabad - The: • Regional Capital. kG IV The Twin Cities: Land Use Planning and the Industries. 69 V Industrial Structure of the Twin Cities. 96 VI Industrial Estates in the Twin Cities. 127 VII Population: Growth and Distribution. 165 Conclusion. 193 APPENDICES I Industries and the Products Manufactured In the Industrial Estates. 197 II Questionnaire. 199 III List of Names of Industries in Industrial Estate Sanathnagar, Hyderabad-18. 203 IV List of rjames of Industries in the Industrial Estate Chandulal Baradari, Hyderabad-2. 211 V Hyderabad Town Group. 21A PLATES I-XV 216 BIBLIOGRAPHY 224 11 ABSTRACT The thesis is an attempt at a geographical analysis of the industries in the cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad . These cities with their entirely different origin and historical backgrounds, established as separate entities, now form part of Hyderabad Metropolitan Area. The first tv;o chapters outline the historical and physical backgrounds. .The developmental stages have been divided into certain periods, according to the morphological and industrial growth and expansion of both the cities. The environment, relief and climates have influenced to a great extent, in planning the cultural landscape of the cities. After the re-organisation of States, Hyderabadccity became the regional and administrative capital of Andhra Pradesh. Third chapter traces the regional differences and the resources available, which are responsible to a certain extent, for the economic and industrial development of the cities. The land use pattern of the twin cities is formed by the industrial, commercial, administrative, residential and suburban land uses, with special emphasis to the main functions of the Central Business Districts. The intensity and the heterogenity of the urban functions, decide the characteristics of the Central Business District. The extent of these.urban functions conform the spacial extent of the C.B.D. in the twin cities. In the fourth chapter the land use pattern of Hyderabad and Secunderabad has been analysed within the frame-work of regional and local planning. Ill The phenomenal growth of the twin cities, gave rise to to different types and sizes of industries. Fifth and sixth chapters highlight the industrial structure of the citiés. The industrial structure is formed by five Industrial Areas and four Industrial Estates, consisting of well defined ten industrial sectors. Small scale and service type industries are scattered all over the twin cities, but the localisation factor played an eminent role in the case of some industries, like chemicals and pharmaceuticals, cotton textiles and food processing industries, which show a concentric type of location. Peripheral location of three industrial estates, out of four, suggests being well considered, in terms of regional and urban planning. Chandulal Baradari industrial estate has been located in the old city of Hyderabad, in order to solve the problem of un-employment south of the river. During the Third Five Year Plan, a number of large scale and heavy industries, under a public sector undertaking, have been established on the north-western outskirts of the twin cities, therefore, in futpture, Hyderabad will develop into the beggest industrial complex of Andhra Pradesh. The demographic structure its spatial distribution and growth of the twin cities has been analysed in the seventh chapter. The suburban towns of the twin cities, which, when joined together form Hyderabad town group, have their ovm functional entity which directly contributes towards the industrial and economic development of both the cities. Finally, the conclusion.-consists of the general assessment of the twin cities. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my grateful thanks to Mr. A. B. Mountjoy, Reader in Economic Geography, who has supervised my work. Under his kind guidance, keen discussions and constructive suggestions throughout my stay in the department, I have been able to finish this, work. His interest in my work has always been a source of intellectual inspiration to me. He has always made time to go through every piece of my work and made necessary corrections and clarifications of the statements I have been highly influenced by his quantitative method of analysis and a. real contributory attitude towards the subject. I am very grateful to my husband, who financially supported me which enabled me to carry on for this higher degree. He is alv/ays an inspiration for moral and intellectual encouragement. I owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. S. M. Alam, Director of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Research Project, who helped me in connection with my field studies when I was in India, in 1967, by providing necessary data, literature and maps, and kindly gave me the permission to use the library, throughout my stay in Hyderabad. I would also like to thank the Officers and Directors of the Office of Industries and Commerce of the industrial V estates, who were kind enough to organise my visit to each of the industrial units of the estate, which helped me in meeting personally the Proprietors and the Managers of the industries. About 90 per cent of the industrialists were very helpful and co-operative in furnishing the information, according to the questionnaire provided them. My thanks are also due to Mr»- R. A. Conway, (Chief Technician) and Mr. Ansell, who have been very helpful in getting the photographic reductions of my maps. VI LIST OP MAPS AND DIAGRAMS Page 1. Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Grov/th of Settlement, 1687. 7 2. Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Grov/th of Settlement, 1865. 13 5. Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Growth of Settlement, 1930. 16 4. Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Growth of Settlement, 1934. 18 5. India, Location of Hyderabad-Secunderabad. 25 6. South India, Geological Outlines. 27 7. Andhra Pradesh, Physiography. 29 8. Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Topography and Environs. ~j>k 9. Hyderabad-Secunderabad, climatic conditions during 1931-1960. 38 10. Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Regione.1 Location. 4? 11. Andhra Pradesh, Administrative Region. 5I' 12. Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Location of Central 90 Business District. 1 3 . Percentage of Working Population under Occupational Categories for Major Cities, 1961. 99 14 . Percentage of Working Population under Occupational Categories in Twin Cities, 1961. 100 1 5 . Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Location of Industries, ill vil Page 1 6 . Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Location of Industries. II8 1 7 . Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Location of Industries. 121 1 8 . Andhra Pradesh, Location of Industrial Estates. 135 1 9. Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Layout of Industrial Estate at Sanathnagar. 147 20. Hyderabad, Layout of Industrial Estate at Chandulal Baradari. 154 21. Hyderabad-Secunderabad,,Layout of Co-Operative Industrial Estate Limited, Balanagar. 159 22. Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Layout of Industrial Estate, Moula Ali. I60 2 3 . Hyderabad Town Group. 170 24. Growth of Popularion, Main Town Groups in India, 190I-I96I. 175 2 5 . Hyderabad Town Group, Population, I96I. 176 2 6 . Twin Cities, Age and Sex Ratio, I96I. 179 2 7 . Hyderabad Town Group, Females per 1,000 Males, 1961. 181 2 8 . Hyderabad-Secunderabad, Density of Population, 1961. 186 2 9 . Hyderabad Town Group, Functional Classification. I89 Vlll LIST OP TABLES Page 1. Sectoral Composition, of Income of Andhra Pradesh: (Regional analysis in percentage). 52 2. Average Yield of Principal Crops, 1964-65, (in Kg. per Hectare). 54 3. Area and Out-torn of Commercial Crops, Regionv/ise, 1964-65. 6? 4. Regional Variations in Andhra Pradesh, 1965. 74 5. General Land Use, per cent to total area in acres, 1959. 6. Industrial Areas and their Location. So 7. Percentage of total Working Population to Occupational categories in India, 1961. 98 8. Classification of Industries according to their Capital Investment, 1966. 105 9. Decennial Growth of large and medium industries, in the Twin Cities, 1930-1966. 10. Industrial Sectors in the Twin Cities. 109 11. Industrial Areas in the Twin Cities. 125 12. Industrial Estates in Andhra Pradesh, size and types of Industrial Units, 1964. 137 1 3 . Location and number of plots in Assisted Private Industrial Estates, Amdhra Pradesh. 139 1 4 . Land Utilisation in Industrial Estates. 144 IX Page 1 5 . Size and Type of Factory buildings in Sanathnagar Industrial Estate. 16. Size and Type of Factory buildings in Chandulal Baradari Industrial Estate. -153 17 . Trends of Urbanisation in Andhra Pradesh and India, 1921-1961. 167 18. Number of Cities and Tov/ns of each class in Andhra Pradesh, 1901-1961. CHAPTER I HISTORICAL OUTLINES OF THE CITIES OF HYDERABAD AND SECUNDERABAD Hyderabad, the capital of Andhra Pradesh, and the adjoining city of Secunderabad, a former British Cantonment, with the population of 1,251,119 (1961 census), are the largest urban agglomerations in the Deccan Plateau, (Figure 1). Hyderabad’s origin and development took place during the mediaeval period under muslim feudal rulers and Secunderabad’s under British influence.