DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

GLORIA STEINEM: THE TRANSNATIONAL LIFE OF AN AMERICAN FEMINIST By JESSICA LANCIA A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2015 © 2015 Jessica Lancia This dissertation is dedicated to all the freedom fighters, everywhere. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Seeing this project to completion would not have been possible without the support of the following people, who encouraged, cajoled, critiqued, and in many other ways helped see this work into fruition. First and foremost, my deepest gratitude goes to Dr. Louise Newman, my advisor and committee chair. For the last six years, she has mentored me and this project and has helped me become a stronger thinker and more precise writer. I am lucky to have had such a responsive advisor who pushed me to create my best work, and then taught me to polish it. I am also grateful to my committee: Bill Link, Paul Ortiz, Sheryl Kroen, and Trysh Travis, whom I selected because I value their intellect and perspectives, and because they teach inspirational graduate classes. I also want to thank past advisers, who encouraged me to pursue a PhD, especially George Hopkins at the College of Charleston, Dominick Cavallo and Marsha Darling at Adelphi University. Their courses brought history to life, and made me want to follow in their tracks. The students and staff in the history department at the University of Florida have also been a huge support. My cohort and UF friends, with whom I shared classes and beers, especially in the first few years, provided the emotional and intellectual support to keep going. I’m especially indebted to Tim Fritz, who brought me to UF in the first place, and my colleagues Allison Fredette, Chris Ruehlen, Brenden Kennedy, Michael Brandon, Andrea Ferreira, Scott Huffard, Nicole Cox, Johanna Mellis and Greg Mason. Thank you also to Erin Smith, Linda Opper, and Hazel Phillips, who helped me navigate the bureaucratic organ that is the University. Finally, thank you to the dissertation writing group, especially “el Capitan” Rob Taber, who kept me focused in the final push. 4 This work would not have been possible without the financial support of several institutions. The University of Florida provided primary funding, but I also received grants and scholarships from the following: Smith College, Harvard University, and Duke University. I have also been privileged to have wonderful friends and family who have let me stay in their beautiful homes when I needed to get away to write: Alida DePaz and Milena Gamboa in San Jose, Costa Rica, and Steve and Susan Hoffius in Savannah, Georgia. As a former archivist, I have to give special thanks to the archivists Amy Hague and Maida Goodwinn at Smith who gave me so many tips and advice and allowed me to go through the unprocessed Ms. Magazine papers, as well as all of the other archivists who have answered countless queries. Finally, I am lucky to have such a wonderful and extensive personal support crew. The most important person in this regard is my spouse, Johnny Ibañez. Throughout this process, Johnny has been my anchor, patient guide, first phone call, puppy wrangler, and generally the most amazing “pit crew” leader anyone could ask for. I truly am the luckiest, and I love you. Thank you also to my family, who stopped asking me, finally, when I was going to be done. Mamma, Bennie, Ale, Dawn, and Julian –I love you. Papa’, I wish you could have been around to see this to the end with me. To my new family in Gainesville, especially Wanda DePaz and Jorge Ibañez and the rest of the De Paz clan, who are thankfully too many to name, thank you for being the biggest side-line cheer-leaders. To my closest Gainesville friends: Lorna Bracewell, Paola Aguirre, Lauren Hannahs, Valerie Malivuk, Cindy Tarter and Amanda Bisson, thanks for always being there for me. Thank you to everyone else who helped get me here, 5 especially my first USA family: Anna Hoffius, Danielle Corneille, Michael Morrison, Steve and Susan Hoffius, Susan Dunn, Harlan Greene. Thank you. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 9 2 EARLY YEARS: OHIO TO INDIA, 1934-1959 ........................................................ 26 3 A RISING STAR: FROM FAMED JOURNALIST TO FEMINIST ICON, 1958- 1972 ........................................................................................................................ 58 4 MS MAGAZINE AS TRANSNATIONAL NEXUS ..................................................... 85 5 INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S YEAR, 1975: STEINEM AS FEMINIST AMBASSADOR .................................................................................................... 119 6 STEINEM AND GLOBAL POLITICS ..................................................................... 147 7 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 176 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 195 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................... 201 7 Abstract of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy GLORIA STEINEM: THE TRANSNATIONAL LIFE OF AN AMERICAN FEMINIST By Jessica Lancia August 2015 Chair: Louise Newman Major: History This dissertation uses Gloria Steinem, the United States’ most internationally prominent feminist of the 1970s, to demonstrate that women's movement activists in the United States were involved in and connected to women's movements and feminist activists in other parts of the world. It explores how they understood their actions and conceptualized their movement as part of a more global movement. Through Steinem's experience, the dissertation explains the appeal that US feminists had in reaching out to a global audience in both legitimizing their own movement and in giving them continued access to feminist activism. The dissertation argues that, in attending to Steinem's life, we see the internationalization of the US women's movement and how it fits into a growing global feminist movement. 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Known as much for her looks as for her unwavering public support of women’s rights, Gloria Steinem, a recent winner of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, is arguably the iconic symbol of the U.S. women’s movement of the 1970s. With her streaked blond hair, oversized aviator glasses, long legs and disarming smile, Gloria Steinem remains one of the most recognized figures of the 1970s. She was profiled by newspapers and magazines, consistently photographed, quoted (often mis-quoted), and interviewed in the print media, radio, and television. As far as the women’s movement goes, only Betty Friedan maintained this level of visibility in the press during this time. Yet, Steinem is far more than a sexy symbol of American feminism. As a writer, magazine editor, and public speaker, Steinem’s list of accomplishments is impressive. As a freelancer, she frequently published in the New York Times and other major news organs in the United States and abroad. In 1968, she helped to found New York Magazine, and, in 1972 she co-founded Ms. magazine. She published several best- selling books, including three highly biographical works, Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions (1983), Revolution from Within: A Book of Self-Esteem (1992), and Moving Beyond Words (1994), as well as a biography of Marilyn Monroe, Marilyn: Norma Jean, in 1986.1 Her writing earned her many accolades, including the Penny-Missouri Journalism Award, the Lifetime Achievement in Journalism Award from the Society of Professional Journalism, and the Society of Writers Award from the United Nations. 1 Gloria Steinem, Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1983; Gloria Steinem, Revolution from Within: A Book of Self-Esteem. Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1993; Gloria Steinem, Moving Beyond Words. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994; Gloria Steinem and George Barris, Marilyn: Norma Jean, (New York: H. Holt, 1986). 9 As an activist, in 1971 Steinem helped found the Women’s Action Alliance, a national information center formed to coordinate women’s movement resources at the grass-roots level, and the National Women’s Political Caucus, dedicated to increasing women’s participation in public life and to supporting feminist politicians. That same year, she also co-founded the Ms. Foundation for Women, a national fund supporting girl’s and women’s empowerment projects. Her service in these and other organizations led to many more tributes, including induction into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York, an honorary Doctorate of Human Justice from Simmons College, and the Ceres Medal awarded by the United Nations. Organized thematically and chronologically, my dissertation examines Gloria Steinem’s life from her early years as a young, nomadic, and cosmopolitan American woman to her mature adulthood as a world-renowned feminist activist, arguing that Steinem’s life can be used
Recommended publications
  • Thinking Intersectionally About Women, Race, and Social Control Kimberlé W

    Thinking Intersectionally About Women, Race, and Social Control Kimberlé W

    From Private Violence to Mass Incarceration: Thinking Intersectionally About Women, Race, and Social Control Kimberlé W. Crenshaw ABSTRACT UCLA LAW REVIEW UCLA LAW The structural and political dimensions of gender violence and mass incarceration are linked in multiple ways. The myriad causes and consequences of mass incarceration discussed herein call for increased attention to the interface between the dynamics that constitute race, gender, and class power, as well as to the way these dynamics converge and rearticulate themselves within institutional settings to manufacture social punishment and human suffering. Beyond addressing the convergences between private and public power that constitute the intersectional dimensions of social control, this Article addresses political failures within the antiracism and antiviolence movements that may contribute to the legitimacy of the contemporary punishment culture, both ideologically and materially. AUTHOR Kimberlé W. Crenshaw is Professor of Law at UCLA and Columbia Law Schools. I have benefited tremendously from the comments, suggestions, and helpful insights of Luke Charles Harris, Devon Carbado, George Lipsitz, Barbara Tomlinson, Gary Peller, Joseph Doherty, Stephanie Bush-Baskette, Monique Morris, and the participants of the African American Policy Forum’s Social Justice Writers Workshop. Allen Secretov, Scott Dewey, Ezra Corral, and Stephanie Plotin provided excellent research assistance. I would also like to express my gratitude to the UCLA Law Review for sponsoring this symposium, to the participants who shared their work and insights, and to my colleagues in the Critical Race Studies Program who contributed to the symposium’s success. Lastly, I would like to thank my faculty co-leads on this symposium, Jyoti Nanda and Priscilla Ocen, who worked tirelessly to see this important symposium come to fruition.
  • Introduction: a Global Approach to Reproductive Justice—Psychosocial and Legal Aspects and Implications

    Introduction: a Global Approach to Reproductive Justice—Psychosocial and Legal Aspects and Implications

    William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice Volume 20 (2013-2014) Issue 1 William & Mary Journal of Women and the Law: 2013 Special Issue: Reproductive Article 2 Justice December 2013 Introduction: A Global Approach to Reproductive Justice—Psychosocial and Legal Aspects and Implications Joan C. Chrisler Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, Law and Gender Commons, and the Women's Health Commons Repository Citation Joan C. Chrisler, Introduction: A Global Approach to Reproductive Justice—Psychosocial and Legal Aspects and Implications, 20 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 1 (2013), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol20/iss1/2 Copyright c 2013 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl INTRODUCTION: A GLOBAL APPROACH TO REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE—PSYCHOSOCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS AND IMPLICATIONS JOAN C. CHRISLER, PH.D.* INTRODUCTION I. TOPICS COVERED BY THE REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE MOVEMENT II. WHY REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE IS DIFFICULT TO ACHIEVE III. WHY REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE IS IMPORTANT IV. WHAT WE CAN DO IN THE STRUGGLE FOR REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE INTRODUCTION The term reproductive justice was introduced in the 1990s by a group of American Women of Color,1 who had attended the 1994 Inter- national Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), which was sponsored by the United Nations and is known as “the Cairo conference.” 2 After listening to debates by representatives of the gov- ernments of UN nation states about how to slow population growth and encourage the use of contraceptives and the extent to which women’s reproductive rights could/should be guaranteed, the group realized, as Loretta Ross later wrote, that “[o]ur ability to control what happens to our bodies is constantly challenged by poverty, racism, en- vironmental degradation, sexism, homophobia, and injustice .
  • The Literacy Practices of Feminist Consciousness- Raising: an Argument for Remembering and Recitation

    The Literacy Practices of Feminist Consciousness- Raising: an Argument for Remembering and Recitation

    LEUSCHEN, KATHLEEN T., Ph.D. The Literacy Practices of Feminist Consciousness- Raising: An Argument for Remembering and Recitation. (2016) Directed by Dr. Nancy Myers. 169 pp. Protesting the 1968 Miss America Pageant in Atlantic City, NJ, second-wave feminists targeted racism, militarism, excessive consumerism, and sexism. Yet nearly fifty years after this protest, popular memory recalls these activists as bra-burners— employing a widespread, derogatory image of feminist activists as trivial and laughably misguided. Contemporary academics, too, have critiqued second-wave feminism as a largely white, middle-class, and essentialist movement, dismissing second-wave practices in favor of more recent, more “progressive” waves of feminism. Following recent rhetorical scholarly investigations into public acts of remembering and forgetting, my dissertation project contests the derogatory characterizations of second-wave feminist activism. I use archival research on consciousness-raising groups to challenge the pejorative representations of these activists within academic and popular memory, and ultimately, to critique telic narratives of feminist progress. In my dissertation, I analyze a rich collection of archival documents— promotional materials, consciousness-raising guidelines, photographs, newsletters, and reflective essays—to demonstrate that consciousness-raising groups were collectives of women engaging in literacy practices—reading, writing, speaking, and listening—to make personal and political material and discursive change, between and across differences among women. As I demonstrate, consciousness-raising, the central practice of second-wave feminism across the 1960s and 1970s, developed out of a collective rhetorical theory that not only linked personal identity to political discourses, but also 1 linked the emotional to the rational in the production of knowledge.
  • Finally Become Global Or Just Another Product of Neoliberal Feminism?

    Finally Become Global Or Just Another Product of Neoliberal Feminism?

    #MeToo – Has the ‘sisterhood’ finally become global or just another product of neoliberal feminism? Farnush Ghadery [email protected] LSS, Law School London South Bank University Abstract: The article discusses the #MeToo movement by reflecting on its origins and recent developments to consider its position within feminist theory. On the one hand, the cross- border proliferation of this hashtag revived the question once posed by liberal feminist Robin Morgan: Has the ‘sisterhood’ finally become global? Others questioned the deeper meaning of the ‘me’ as part of #MeToo, wondering whether the need for individual responsibility to come forward indicates that the movement fits only too well with what has been coined neoliberal feminism. Disagreeing with both categorisations, the article positions #MeToo as a transnational feminist consciousness-raising endeavour which can be traced across different places worldwide. Referring to some of these contextualised uses of #MeToo, the article argues that #MeToo has been able to manifest itself as a transnational feminist phenomenon, as it has allowed groups in distinct spaces and localities to take ownership of the varying manifestations of #MeToo. Keywords: #metoo – feminism – feminist legal theory – sexual harassment – digital activism – transnational movements – transnational law #MeToo – Has the ‘sisterhood’ finally become global or just another product of neoliberal feminism? Farnush Ghadery I. Introduction It is now a year and a half ago that the revelation of sexual violence and harassment amongst the bold and the beautiful in Hollywood1 led to the hashtag ‘MeToo’ going viral. This event permitted the laywoman and layman to share their own story of sexual violence or to ‘just’ express that they, too, have been subjected to forms of sexual abuse by tweeting or sharing on Facebook, Instagram and other forms of social media the now famous expression of #MeToo.

  • LSHA May Be Looking to Sell

    1 TUESDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2013 | YOUR COMMUNITY NEWSPAPER SINCE 1874 | 75¢ Lake City Reporter LAKECITYREPORTER.COM LSHA may be looking to sell in order to remove the burden of funding people of Columbia County, be on indigent care. If the Affordable Care Hospital authority says indigent care from the taxpayers. and we’re not elected. ... Act works the way it should, everyone should it will consider seeking The authority did not make any decisions It’s time that we get out of be covered by an insurance agency. about the sale during its October meeting, the business.” “I think the time has arrived in the medi- a buyer for Lake Shore. but did suggest bringing in a consultant to Currently, the Hospital cal industry for the taxpayers to seriously By AMANDA WILLIAMSON discuss how to handle the process. Authority covers the care consider getting out of the healthcare busi- [email protected] “I think that the hospital authority has for indigent patients at ness,” Barry said. “With the purchase of really outlived its usefulness,” said author- Berry Shands Lake Shore Regional HMA to CHS coming up the first quarter As the Affordable Care Act moves onto ity member Koby Adams. “When I had my Medical Center. But as the of the year, I think this board needs to take the health care scene, the Lake Shore interview with the governor, he asked me new health care act takes effect, Lake Shore a serious thought about attempting to sell Hospital Authority entertained the idea what I didn’t like about the authority.
  • A New Nation Struggles to Find Its Footing

    A New Nation Struggles to Find Its Footing

    November 1965 Over 40,000 protesters led by several student activist Progression / Escalation of Anti-War groups surrounded the White House, calling for an end to the war, and Sentiment in the Sixties, 1963-1971 then marched to the Washington Monument. On that same day, President Johnson announced a significant escalation of (Page 1 of 2) U.S. involvement in Indochina, from 120,000 to 400,000 troops. May 1963 February 1966 A group of about 100 veterans attempted to return their The first coordinated Vietnam War protests occur in London and Australia. military awards/decorations to the White House in protest of the war, but These protests are organized by American pacifists during the annual were turned back. remembrance of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings. In the first major student demonstration against the war hundreds of students March 1966 Anti-war demonstrations were again held around the country march through Times Square in New York City, while another 700 march in and the world, with 20,000 taking part in New York City. San Francisco. Smaller numbers also protest in Boston, Seattle, and Madison, Wisconsin. April 1966 A Gallup poll shows that 59% of Americans believe that sending troops to Vietnam was a mistake. Among the age group of 21-29, 1964 Malcolm X starts speaking out against the war in Vietnam, influencing 71% believe it was a mistake compared to only 48% of those over 50. the views of his followers. May 1966 Another large demonstration, with 10,000 picketers calling for January 1965 One of the first violent acts of protest was the Edmonton aircraft an end to the war, took place outside the White House and the Washington bombing, where 15 of 112 American military aircraft being retrofitted in Monument.
  • Alice Walker's the Color Purple

    Alice Walker's the Color Purple

    Cultivating Black Lesbian Shamelessness: Alice Walker’s The Color Purple CHRISTOPHER S. LEWIS Ohio State University n her pivotal 1979 essay “Toward a Black Feminist Criticism,” Barbara Smith Ilamented the lack of black lesbian representation in U.S. literary criticism. She explained that “All segments of the literary world—whether establishment, progressive, Black, female, or lesbian—do not know, or at least act as if they do not know, that Black women writers and Black lesbian writers exist” (132). The unprecedented amount of writing by and/or about black lesbians that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s made the question and value of black lesbian writing’s existence of fundamental importance to African American literary studies in particular. Four seminal black lesbian texts—Alice Walker’s The Color Purple, Audre Lorde’s Zami: A New Spelling of My Name, Ntozake Shange’s Sassafrass, Cyprus, & Indigo, and Gloria Naylor’s The Women of Brewster Place—were published in 1982.1 Lesbian-identified writers Ann Allen Shockley, Cheryl Clarke, Alexis De Veaux, Jewelle Gomez, Audre Lorde, Pat Parker, and Alice Walker each began and developed their careers between 1970 and 1990.2 Writers like Octavia Butler, Gayl Jones, Jamaica Kincaid, Toni Morrison, Gloria Naylor, and Ntozake Shange who did not openly identify as lesbian or same-sex desiring also published writing in the 1970s and 1980s that explicitly represented black lesbian characters and/or shared black lesbian writing’s general interest in women’s same-sex relationships.3 These writers were at odds with major male writers of the 1960s and 1970s Black Arts Movement like Amiri Baraka and Eldridge Cleaver because they critiqued what E.
  • Sydney Program Guide

    Sydney Program Guide

    5/31/2019 prtten04.networkten.com.au:7778/pls/DWHPROD/Program_Reports.Dsp_ONE_Guide?psStartDate=02-Jun-19&psEndDate=15-Jun… SYDNEY PROGRAM GUIDE Sunday 02nd June 2019 06:00 am Home Shopping (Rpt) Home Shopping 06:30 am Home Shopping (Rpt) Home Shopping 07:00 am Home Shopping (Rpt) Home Shopping 07:30 am Key Of David CC PG The Key of David, a religious program, covers important issues of today with a unique perspective. REPLAY 08:00 am 2019 Super Rugby Round 16: Rebels V Waratahs Relive all the action from Round 16 of the 2019 Super Rugby Championship when the Rebels take on the Waratahs from AAMI Park, Melbourne. 10:00 am Hogan's Heroes (Rpt) G Casanova Klink General Burkhalter comes to Stalag 13 determined to marry off his sister to Klink. Hogan has to find a German agent in the underground. Starring: Bob Crane, Werner Klemperer, John Banner, Robert Clary 10:30 am Pooches At Play (Rpt) CC G Join hosts Gyton Grantley & dog trainer Lara Shannon, as they provide all the health, training and other pet care tips you need to know to keep your furry, feathered and scaly friends healthy & happy. 11:00 am Reel Action (Rpt) CC G Reel Action is all about learning the tips and techniques to land your dream fish. Join Michael Guest as he takes you into the finer details of fishing. 11:30 am Reel Action (Rpt) CC G Reel Action is all about learning the tips and techniques to land your dream fish. Join Michael Guest as he takes you into the finer details of fishing.
  • TOWARD a FEMINIST THEORY of the STATE Catharine A. Mackinnon

    TOWARD a FEMINIST THEORY of the STATE Catharine A. Mackinnon

    TOWARD A FEMINIST THEORY OF THE STATE Catharine A. MacKinnon Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England K 644 M33 1989 ---- -- scoTT--- -- Copyright© 1989 Catharine A. MacKinnon All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America IO 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 First Harvard University Press paperback edition, 1991 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data MacKinnon, Catharine A. Toward a fe minist theory of the state I Catharine. A. MacKinnon. p. em. Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN o-674-89645-9 (alk. paper) (cloth) ISBN o-674-89646-7 (paper) I. Women-Legal status, laws, etc. 2. Women and socialism. I. Title. K644.M33 1989 346.0I I 34--dC20 [342.6134} 89-7540 CIP For Kent Harvey l I Contents Preface 1x I. Feminism and Marxism I I . The Problem of Marxism and Feminism 3 2. A Feminist Critique of Marx and Engels I 3 3· A Marxist Critique of Feminism 37 4· Attempts at Synthesis 6o II. Method 8 I - --t:i\Consciousness Raising �83 .r � Method and Politics - 106 -7. Sexuality 126 • III. The State I 55 -8. The Liberal State r 57 Rape: On Coercion and Consent I7 I Abortion: On Public and Private I 84 Pornography: On Morality and Politics I95 _I2. Sex Equality: Q .J:.diff�_re11c::e and Dominance 2I 5 !l ·- ····-' -� &3· · Toward Feminist Jurisprudence 237 ' Notes 25I Credits 32I Index 323 I I 'li Preface. Writing a book over an eighteen-year period becomes, eventually, much like coauthoring it with one's previous selves. The results in this case are at once a collaborative intellectual odyssey and a sustained theoretical argument.
  • TIME INCORPORATED 1981 ANNUAL REPORT Copied from an Original at the History Center, Diboll, Texas

    TIME INCORPORATED 1981 ANNUAL REPORT Copied from an Original at the History Center, Diboll, Texas

    Copied from an original at The History Center, Diboll, Texas. www.TheHistoryCenterOnline.com 2013:023 TIME INCORPORATED 1981 ANNUAL REPORT Copied from an original at The History Center, Diboll, Texas. www.TheHistoryCenterOnline.com 2013:023 TIME INCORPORATED A diversified company in the publishing, forest products, and video fields PUBLISHING FOREST PRODUCTS VIDEO Magazines Temple-Eastex American Television and Time Inland Container Communications Sports illustrated Lumbermen's Investment Corp. Home Box Office People AFCO Industries WOTV Fortune Temple Associates Time-Life Video Life Eastex Packaging Money Georgia Kraft (50%) Discover Books Time-Life Books Book-of-the-Month Club Little, Brown Other Activities Selling Areas-Marketing, Inc. (SAMI) Pioneer Press © 1982 Time Inc. All rights reserved. Copied from an original at The History Center, Diboll, Texas. www.TheHistoryCenterOnline.com 2013:023 FINANCIAL Total Revenues HIGHLIGHTS $Billions 3.3 1981 1980 (in thousands except fo r per share data) Revenues . .. $3,296,382 $2,800,013 Income from Continuing Operations ......... 184,568 162,073 Net Income ...... .... 148,821 141,203 Capital Expenditures 404,000 261,000 1.2 Per Share: Income from Continuing Operations ....... $ 3.02 $ 2.88 Net Income ......... 2.43 2.51 iliill72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Dividends per common share ............ .95 .8825 Price Range (Common Stock) 26%-413/s 19-3l9/16 Common shares Net Income outstanding (000) 49,765 46,561 The number of common shareholders of record as of $Millions February 1, 1982, was 13,557. TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter to Shareholders . 2 1981: A Journalistic Retrospective .............. 6 Review of Operations . 8 Executive Appointments .....................
  • Split Infinities: German Feminisms and the Generational Project Birgit

    Split Infinities: German Feminisms and the Generational Project Birgit

    This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Oxford German Studies on 15 April 2016, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00787191.2015.1128648 Split Infinities: German Feminisms and the Generational Project Birgit Mikus, University of Oxford Emily Spiers, St Andrews University When, in the middle of the nineteenth century, the German women’s movement took off, female activists/writers expressed a desire for their political work to initiate a generational project. The achievement of equal democratic rights for men and women was perceived to be a process in which the ‘democratic spirit’ was instilled in future generations through education and the provision of exceptional role models. The First Wave of the women’s movement laid the ground, through their writing, campaigning, and petitioning, for the eventual success of obtaining women’s suffrage and sending female, elected representatives to the Reichstag in 1919. My part of this article, drawing on the essays by Hedwig Dohm (1831–1919) analyses how the idea of women’s political and social emancipation is phrased in the rhetoric of a generational project which will, in the short term, bring only minor changes to the status quo but which will enable future generations to build on the foundations of the (heterogeneous, but mostly bourgeoisie-based) first organised German women’s movement, and which was intended to function as a generational repository of women’s intellectual history. When, in the mid-2000s, a number of pop-feminist essayistic volumes appeared in Germany, their authors expressed the desire to reinvigorate feminism for a new generation of young women.
  • Sink Or Swim: Deciding the Fate of the Miss America Swimsuit Competition

    Sink Or Swim: Deciding the Fate of the Miss America Swimsuit Competition

    Volume 4, Issue No. 1. Sink or Swim: Deciding the Fate of the Miss America Swimsuit Competition Grace Slapak Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA ÒÏ Abstract: The Miss America beauty pageant has faced widespread criticism for the swimsuit portion of its show. Feminists claim that the event promotes objectification and oversexualization of contestants in direct contrast to the Miss America Organization’s (MAO) message of progressive female empowerment. The MAO’s position as the leading source of women’s scholarships worldwide begs the question: should women have to compete in a bikini to pay for a place in a cellular biology lecture? As dissent for the pageant mounts, the new head of the MAO Board of Directors, Gretchen Carlson, and the first all-female Board of Directors must decide where to steer the faltering organization. The MAO, like many other businesses, must choose whether to modernize in-line with social movements or whole-heartedly maintain their contentious traditions. When considering the MAO’s long and controversial history, along with their recent scandals, the #MeToo Movement, and the complex world of television entertainment, the path ahead is anything but clear. Ultimately, Gretchen Carlson and the Board of Directors may have to decide between their feminist beliefs and their professional business aspirations. Underlying this case, then, is the question of whether a sufficient definition of women’s leadership is simply leadership by women or if the term and its weight necessitate leadership for women. Will the board’s final decision keep this American institution afloat? And, more importantly, what precedent will it set for women executives who face similar quandaries of identity? In Murky Waters The Miss America Pageant has long occupied a special place in the American psyche.