The North Carolina Teacher

GEORGE T. WINSTON,

President North Carolina Teachers' Assembly. Worm Carolina ^cm^ y^^

THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

Vol. VI. Raleigh, Septembp:r, 1888. No. 1.

EUGENE G. HARRELL, = = = = = Editor.

[For tlie North Carolina Teaelier.]

NORTH CMOLINS, I LOVE TMEE.

BY THE EDITOR

North Carolina! Thou sweet home of mine! On no dearer land does the sun ever shiue; From ocean to mountain-tops climbing the sky,

I love thee, my home-land, and will 'till I die.

North Carolina! Thou land of my pride!

I'll serve thee forever whate'er may betide;

And nothing to me, from sea, land or air.

Can e'er be so lovely, grand or so fair.

North Carolina! Thou noblest of States! All may find welcome who enter thy gates. True to thy country and true to thy sons;

Bravest in battle where Liberty's blood runs.

North Carolina! Great, glorious and free! The joy of thy children shalt thou ever be; In storm and in sunshine around thee we'll stand, And may God bless thee with most bounteous hand.

Distinguish between knowledge and skill ; and remember that skill can be obtained only by practice. A THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

[For The North Carolina Teacher.] SCHOOL DISCIPLINE SND ITS SIMS.

BY DR. R. H. LEWIS, PRESIDENT KINSTON COLLEGE.

DELIVERED AT THE TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY.

The discussion of tliis subject involves the answers to three

questions :

1st. What is a School?

2d. What is Discipline, or Government? 3d. What are the Aims of Discipline?

What is a school f We shall first speak of what a school is not.

Well, then, a school is not the arena where men contend. A man's task, therefore, should not be required of a boy. Adult dignity cannot clothe the shoulders of youthful impetuosity. The smooth gliding of the mighty river cannot be expected of the young brawler of a mountain rivulet, as it comes dashing down the steep descent filling glen and valley with its splashing echoes. He who seeks fruit from the sapling of a year's growth, will, in all probability, go home with an empty basket. We do not "bob for whales" in the spring branch a hundred yards from the fountain. We do not look for thunder storms in the fleecy vapor that rises from the tea-kettle. We do not look for veteran soldiers in a camp of instruction. The school must be an autocracy. There must be one head. It ought to be a knowing head—a wise head —one which under- stands human nature— in fact, a psychologist. This autocrat should know that there are not two things in this world —that there never have been two things in this world —precisely alike. He must study character. A wise farmer takes time to adjust the harness to each horse that is to wear it—the unwise one flings it upon any and every beast that is brought to him. THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 6

There is about as much sense in this manner of acting as put- ting a man's coat— upon a little child and telling him that \tmust fit—it shall fit ''quit your nonsense, talking about it's being too large." A larg€ part of the lailures in managing a school springs from just such conduct in the teachers. "But," the teacher may reply, "the pupil must pay attention to what I am saying and understand it," Yes, my friend, you ought to be a wise teacher and have more sense, but you haven't.

VOLUNTEERS—CONSCRIPTS.

There are two classes of pupils in every school — volunteers

and conscripts ; that is to say, some go to school—some are sent. Let every teacher endeavor so to govern that by the second term of school the conscripts may become volunteers. You can

easily distinguish these two classes of pupils on the very first day.

Again, a school is not a court-room, with all its officers, judge, jury, counsel, witnesses, sheriff, constable, clerk and

crier, all combined in the majestic person of the school-teacher. School-children should not be considered as being always on

trial, with the court in perpetual session and the charge to the grand jury being perpetually delivered. All the lawyers in this court are commonwealth's attorneys and counsel for the prosecu-

tion. A new trial is rare, and there is no appeal; for this tribu-

nal is supreme. The jury never disagree, for the verdict is always unanimous. The plea of "not guilty " put forward by

the criminal is always considered "too thin" and by no means to have any weight whatsoever with the jury. When a witness

for the defence is on the stand, his testimony is mainly considered as simply proving himself an accomplice. Consequently

there are not many volunteers on this service, and a subpcena is rarely issued. In this court-room the judge's eyes roam constantly around,

seeking victims. The sfieritf promptly executes all orders for

arrest' and the docket is always full. These things being well known to the boys, they yield a graceless compliance; for "there

is no retreat but in submission and slavery." 4 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.

A school Is not a prison or house of correction where all the young scapegraces of the neighborhood are to be sent who will not (or cannot) be controlled at home. If the school is a prison, then extra jail fees should be sent in with the tuition.

A school is not a drcncing-room.

The boy or girl who sits bolt upright all day on the school bench will have a stiff spinal column at night. And when you find a school in which ihe urchins are taught to sit "cribbed, cabined and confined " to one square foot of bench all day, there you will find a place where not much headw^ay is made in frac- tions or much information gained concerning Latin verbs. Neither do robust, young, healthy organisms reck much of dainty linen or smooth trousers. There are no parlor-boarders here. An ink-stained finger, many times, is the mark of a worker; and disordered hair, many times, that of a cudgeled brain. Even "dog's ears" in the text-book are not always objectionable; a sure indication, at least, that the youngster has been "turning over new leaves."

Again, a school is not a b)-ain factory. But thousands of fond parents believe that it is. This delusion has been spread- ing among the "bone and sinew" of the land so long that it amounts to an universal epidemic.

Weak minded parents, with still weaker minded children, hug this phantom of a notion to their breasts and hurry off tlieir off- spring to the " factory." They cherish the queer idea that if the superintendent of the shop knows his business he can mirac- ulously change a cranium full of putty into two hemispheres of solid brain matter. A failure to accomplish this in a limited period argues, to the parent, a want of knowledge in the educator and base ignorance of what he ougJd to know. A more than Egyptian darkness, on this subject, covers the land. x4Lnd happy the pedagogue who can cover himself with the shield of indifference and thus M'ard off the "arrows and slings" of this "outrageous fortune."

* What is a school, then ? THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 5

In our humble judgment a school is, or ought to be, a home, in one sense; the world, in another. Or, perhaps, we come nearer the truth, when we say that the school is the half-way house between the home and the world. The pupil, though temporarily released from home duties, yet is not quite a citizen. His position is peculiar and one that tries him severely. He knows full well his anomalous condition.

His constant eifort is to free himself from the restraints both of home and of the State. Teachers unconsciously foster this idea, by refusing to accept suggestions from parents, and by screening guilty pupils from the consequences that would follow a viola- tion of the laws of the land. The school-boy, then, is a kind of freebooter, owing allegiance to neither home nor State rule. The government of the school should be the continuation of the home rule (though modified) and the initiation into obedience to State authority. A boy old enough to commit a crime is old enough to suffer for it. And an outrage committed by a student, in the nature of a crime, ought not to be punished by the teacher but by the proper legal tribunal. Let not the name, "school-boy," be the ^'cegis" of protection to such an one. Hand him over to the sheriff.

At the same time that the lesson of obedience to civil law is

learned, let it also be learned that the school is the foster home.

Here let the pupils expect to meet with parental kindness, and any amount of patience. O, Patience! what a weapon in the armory of a true teacher. How shall we govern such a school, and with what kind of discipline.

But what is discipline?

Discipline is moral, mental and physical training. Note the

order in which we place these adjectives; moral, first, every time.

Who is to do the moral training? The teacher. But what about the teacher's morals? There's the trouble. The County Superintendent must certify to the good moral character of every

applicant for a teacher's certificate. But who is to certify to the 6 THE NORTH CAEOLIXA TEACHER.

moral character of the County Superintendent? Well, he is elected by the county officers. Do these officials always ask the question, "Is this man a believer in Christianity?" when the election takes place? Does fear, favor, affection or partisan politics ever influence the election of a County Superintendent? Well, perhaps, I am asking too many questions. We have no doubt but that in a vast majority of cases they do the best they can. The moral training of every child committed to his or her care is one of the solemn duties of every teacher, and there is no possible way to shirk it. The responsibility must be met. Teachers, you are expected to make each one of your pupils better. You have opportunities of teaching them something that parents have not, in the way of moral conduct. You cannot get rid of this duty by saying that parents, Sunday-schools and churches must attend to the morals of the young. The parents of many of your pupils are godless, wicked people, and you know it. Many of them never attend a Sunday-school, and still less attend preaching. But you may say that the parents must make them go to Sunday-school and church. But I say that they will not do this. Will you now say, '•'Their blood be upon their own heads; I wash my hands of the guilt of this boy or girl"?

Ah ! you cannot escape. Each human being in this world is responsible to God for the influence which he exerts, and for the influence for good that he fails to exert.

Every child that comes in contact with a teacher should have stamped upon his memory the idea that his or her teacher is a good man or a good woman and will do right.

How to do this moral training is left with you to determine.

But I must give you one of my thoughts on this head. It is this: I do not think much good tiioral training can come from religious lectures and homilies of the teacher. It is so easy to talk good! and the children know it. Your manner and way of doing things make moral impressions that will last. And this "doing right" of vours must not be confined to the school-room. THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER. 7

'' It 111 list pervade your dealings outside. Little pitchers have big ears" ; the children around the family hearth-stone hear the char- acters of all the neighbors discussed —yours specially. And you can't cheat your fellow-man in a trade and not expect the

whole school to know it next day.

''Ah ! well," you doubtless may say, "this teaching is a more serious business than I had thought." Yes it is. It is tough

work. Some of these old veterans here could tell you of many hard places through which they have come "by the skin of their teeth." If any of you here, any of you young teachers, expect to find your school path strewn with flowers, or think that only rose- tinted clouds will float above your school-house, I think you will find it — well, perhaps diiferent!

"Are there no foes for you to face, Must you not stem the flood," along with the rest of us?

Until a few years ago mental training was considered the sole duty of a teacher. It does, indeed, take up the greater portion of his time. It is just as difficult to do properly as moral training. It requires careful preparation—and long continued —on the teacher's part. He must scorn the place of a simple hearer of lessons. One of his pupils could do this. The teacher must, at every recitation, do two things: 1st. He must cause the pupils to learn more of the lesson than was in print. 2d. Each member of the class must have his capacity for thinking increased at every recitation. In fine, all pupils should be trained to think correctly.

This discipline of the mind is most important. Some teachers have the rare power of arousing even dull minds to active thinking. Happy ye if you are in this class.

The last of the questions in regard to discipline is "physical training." We may consider this under two heads: Out-dooi' training and school-room training. There can be no doubt but that out-door physical training benefits both mind and body when properly conducted. 8 THE KORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

In our profession, as in all others, there are extremists. The middle course is safer.

Above all we should be careful not to forget that the means are sometimes mistaken for the end. When the gymnastic exercises are indulged in for the purpose of strengthening weak lungs, giving tone to flabby muscles and suppleness to all the limbs, it is the right thing in the right place. But when the object is simply to see which pupil is the strongest, or has the fleetest limbs in a foot-race, or can stand on 'one foot the longest, then the good results are not reached; for there comes in the danger. In their emulation boys will carry exercise to excess, and very frequently serious physical injury is the result. But the physical training in the school-room should be very carefully looked after. We must teach our boys and girls how to walk and how to stand; and it is a mattei: of considerable moment that they should be taught how to sit. Give the children proper seats and then make them sit properly. It requires no ordinary skill in a carpenter to make a bench that will "fit" the young people who are to use them. Pupils should be allowed to change position at their desks frequently, so that their muscles may be rested. And a little calisthenics, for a few minntes at a time, will prove a great relief, especially to the smaller children.

A little marching and counter-marching at opening and clos- ing of school exercises will be of service. Many other forms of school-room physical training will suggest themselves to the bright teacher.

But the objective point of all this moral, mental and physical training—what is it? What are the aims of school discipline? Suppose your quali- fications as a teacher enable you to turn out young men and young women whose intellectual developments are "first-class" in every respect, whose physical training has made them models of form, but whose moral character has been left to take care of itself, what good have you done? You have turned loose upon society persons of immeasurable capacity for wickedness in all its forms and phases. THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 9

They have eyes; but they see not the wonderful works of the mighty Creator. They have ears; but tliey hear oot the divine harmony of tiie celestial spheres. They have hands; but they put them not forth to do works of charity and benevolence. They have feet; but they walk not in the ways of wisdom or the paths of virtue. They have minds, cultivated and enlarged, it may be; but they use them not for the glory of God and for the furtherance of His ends. Every act of discipline should be in the direction of prepar- ing men and women for their true work in life. Physical training should lead to keeping the body healthy and vigorous, so that not only may there be capacity for doing the work necessary to the support of the family, but also for assist- ins: others.

Mental training should not only lead to a vigorous grasping of the subjects which may present themselves in business relations, but also should give the power of truly appreciating the many and varied works of the great Creator which are spread around us so lavishly, and of understanding that great Book which contains the w^ords of everlasting life.

There is an old saying that ''all roads lead to Rome." There should be another: All the roads of learning should lead to God.

SOME "CSTCH QUESTIONS."

There exists, floating about the world's verbal form, and occasionally even appearing in print, says "Temple Bar," a certain class of propositions or queries, of which the object is to puzzle the wits of the unwary listener, or to beguile him into giving an absurd reply. Many of these are very old, and some are excellent. Instances will readily occur. Who, for example, has not, at some period of his existence, been asked the follow- " ing question : If a goose weighs ten pounds and a half its own weight, what is the weight of the goose?" And wdio has not 10 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. been tempted to reply on the instant, fifteen pounds?—the correct answer being, of course, twenty pounds. Indeed, it is astonishing what a very simple query will sometimes catch a wise man napping; even the following have I)een known to succeed:

"How many days would it take to cut up a piece of cloth fifty yards long, one yard being cut oif every day?"

Or again : "A snail climbing upon a post twenty feet high, ascends five feet every day, and slips down four feet every night. How long will the snail take to reach the top of the post?"

Or again : "A wise man having a window one yard high and one yard

%vide, and requiring more light, enlarged his window to twice its former size; yet the window was still only one yard high and one yard wide. How was this done?"

This is a catch question in geometry, as the preceding were catch questions in arithmetic— the window being diamond shaped at first, and afterwards made square. As to the two former, perhaps it is scarcely necessary seriously to point out that the answer to the first is not fifty days, but forty-nine; and to the second, not twenty days, but sixteen — since the snail who gains one foot each day for fifteen days, climbs on the sixteenth day to the top of the pole, and there remains. Such examples are plentiful, and occasionally both curious and amusing. But the purpose of the following paper is to illus- trate a class of problems of rather a different kind. There are certain problems which are in no way catch questions (any problem involving a mere verbal quibble is of course out of court by its own innate vileness), and which, though at first sight extremely simple, often require considerable ingenuity to arrive at a correct result. Take for example the following:

"A man walks round a pole, on the top of which is a monkey. As the man moves, the monkey turns on the top of the

pole so as still to keep face to face with the man. Query : When the man has gone round the pole, has he, or has he not, gone round the monkev?" —

THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 11

The answer which will occur at first -sight to most persons is that the man has not gone round the monkey, since he has never been behind it. The correct answer, however, as decided by

'' Knowledge," in the pages of which this momentous question has been argued, is that the man has gone round the monkey in going round tlie pole.

The following has not, so far as the writer is aware, hitherto appeared in print: ''A train standing on an incline is just kept stationary by an engine which is not sufficiently powerful to draw it up the incline. A second engine, of the same power as the first, is then brought up to assist by pushing the train from behind, and the two engines together take the train up the incline. Suppose the carriages to be linked together by loose chains, so that when the engine in front is acting the chains are stretched and the buffers between the carriages are separated, then, when the train is movino; under the action of two eno-ines, the buffers must be either together or apart. Which are they?

If they are apart, the engine behind the train_ is evidently doing no work. If thev are tooether, then the engine in front is doing none. But neither engine alone can move the train. Why, then, does the train move?" Tlie following was once asked at a university wine party by a now well-known senior wrangler: "Suppose three snakes each of which is swallowing another by the tail, so that the three form a circle — then, as the swallowing process continues, the circle evidently grows smaller and smaller. Now, if they thus continue to swallow each othei', what will eventually become of the snakes?"

Of course, it is clear tiiat either the swallowing process must stop somewhere or that the snakes will vanish down each other's throats. At ivhat point, then, will the swallowing cease? If the reader finds himself ready on the spot with a clear and pre- cise answer to this qtiestion he will have proved himself of a readier wit than the guests of the above-mentioned wine party.

A little consideration, however, will probably be sufficient to clear up the mystery, and, like the preceding enigma of the railway, the problem may safely be left to the examination of the ino-enious. Christian Union. 12 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

[For The North Carolina Teacher.] S HISTORY OF THE SGRICULTURSL SND MECHSNI- CSL COLLEGE.

BY W. J. PEELE, ESQ., RALEIGH, N. C.

It is said that ten years before the agitation of the raoveuioDt cuhninatiug in this institution .some farmers in Edgecombe county suggested the propriety of an Agricultural College. As the benefits of industrial education have been more or less familiar to all well-informed persons for the past twenty-five years, it is quite probable that the suggestion was actually made as was alleged. It was either not very well received or not much insisted upon, for none of the originators of this movement ever heard of it.

But it is not the purpose of this paper to treat of mere suggestions. It was .said of John Huss that if he had lived a century later he would not have been burned at the stake, and that his reformation would have succeeded like Luther's. How this would have been we cannot tell. All that we now know is that lie did not live a century later, that his reformation did not succeed like Luther's, and that he was burned at the stake. It is my purpose in this paper to show that nearly ten years later than ten years ago the propriety of establishing an Industrial

School in North Carolina was suggested among some young men of this city; that then they showed how the thing could be done, and that then, wMth the powerful a.sslstanee of many others, they went ahead and did it.

It is also the further purpose of this paper to record the

names of the principal actors in this movement. There are some like Mr. Primrose, Mr. Pidlen, Dr. Dabney and Mr. Page, whose names will always be indissolubly connected with this institution. There are also others like Colonel Green, Mr. Williams and Mr. Leazar, of the Board of Agriculture, whose names ought to be underscored on the corner-stone. There are

still others like Mr. Winslow, Mr. Leach and Mr. Ashley, of the Watauga Club, Mr. Dixon, Mr. R. Winston and Mr. Fries, THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 13

in tlie Legislature, Major Harding, Major Tucker, Mr. Bailey and Mr. W. G. Upehurcli, of the citizens, and Colonel Polk, of the Progressive Farmer, whose services are a part of the history of industrial educati(Mi in North Carolina. On May 26th, 1884, the Watauga Club, which had just then been formed, adopted a prospectus of its principles and pur- poses, containing the following clause: "We proceed upon the assumption, which cannot be denied, that there is in our community a serious lack of accurate and practical information upon the most common economic questions which arise for our consideration." In response to this sentiment one of the members, who had been appointed to "address the club upon any subject he may elect," prepared and read at the next regular meeting of June 18th a paper upon Industrial Education and the feasibility of establishing an Industrial School in North Carolina. From time to time other papers were read and suggestions offered as to the most practical plans for establishing such school. On the 17th of December, 1884, a committee was appointed with instructions to present to the club at its next regular meeting, to be held in January, 1885, a "definite report" upon the practicability of establishing an Industrial School in North Carolina, " w^ith a view of submitting the same to the Leg- islature which should then be in session." At the next meeting of the club, January 7th, 1885, Mr. Arthur Winslow, himself a graduate of an Industi'ial School, read the report of the committee. On the 15th of January, at a called meeting of the club, Mr. W. H. Page offered the following:

^^ Besolred, That a committee be apj)ointed to memorialize the Legislature in the name of this club to establish an Indus- trial School in North Carolina, and respectfully offer to the

Legislature, or a proper committee thereof, all the information on the subject in possession of the club; that the committee be empowered, if need be, to publish such information also." This resolution was adopted, and Messrs. Page, Winslow and others were appointed as the committee. W^ith the assistance of :

14 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

Dr. Dabney, the committee prepared a memorial, the substance of which is as follows: "1st. To establish an Inciostrial School in North Carolina, a training place in the wealth-producing arts and sciences. "2d. To be located at Raleigh in connection with the State Agricultural Department. "3d. To erect a suitable building and provide proper equip- ment.

"4th. That the instruction be in wood-work, mining, metallurgy, and practical agriculture. "5th. That necessary 'shops and laboratories be erected adjoin- ing the buildings of the Agricultural Department, and that an experimental fiirm in the vicinity of Raleigh be equipped.

"6th. That an Industrial School is of prime importance and greatly in demand."

To this was subjoined information and estimates of cost. The committee appeared before the Legislative Committee on Education, whose acting chairman was Mr. Leazar. Mr. Thomas

Dixon, an enthusiastic believer in industrial education, introduced a bill of his own without waiting for the report of the commitiee. Mr! Leazar for the committee subsequently introduced the bill which became the Act of 1885. The bill passed the House by a vote of 51 to 11. In the Senate Messrs. R.

W. Winston, Willis R. Williams, Capt. S. B. Alexander and

Major John Gatling, deceased, were its special champions. It passed by a vote of 23 to 9, becoming a law on the 7th day of March, 1885. The time will come when posterity will demand the ayes and noes on this bill, but I will not call them to-day. The bill became a law not without considerable difficulty. Some opposed it because they were fossils and oppose everything; some feared it would ultimately draw the Land Scrip Fund away from the

University. It was the general opinion of its friends at the time it was passed that it would have failed if it had called for one dollar from the general treasury.

The main features of the Act are interesting at this day. It provides THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 15

1st. That the Board of Agriculture should seek proposals of donations from the cities and towns of North Carolina, and when an adequate donation should be made by any city or town, there the school should be located, giving the place the prefer- ence which offered the greatest inducements. 2d. That the school should be under joint control of the Board of Agriculture and directors from such town or city. od. That the instruction should be in wood-work, mining, metallurgy, practical agriculture, and such other branches of industrial education as may be deemed expedient. 4th. That the Board of Agriculture should be authorized to apply annually !$o,000 of the surplus funds of their department to the establishment and maintenance of said school.

Pursuant to Act of Assembly, and authorized by resolution of the Board adopted October loth, 1885, Mr. McGehee, Com- missioner of Agriculture, advertised for proposals. Charlotte responded, offering an eligible site and $5,000 in money; Kins- ton offered .$10,000 in money; Raleigh offered $5,000 in money (increased subsequently to $8,000), the Exposition Building, valued at $3,000, one acre of land donated by Mr. Wm. Stronach

(conditioned upon locating the school upon it), and subsequently the use of twenty acres donated by the Directors of the State

Fair, situated in the western part of the Fair Ground. At this meeting of October 15th the Board of Agriculture passed a resolution instructing the Director, Dr. Dabney, to prepare and submit at their next meeting a report upon the cost and character of an Experimental Farm, and also upon the conduct of an Industrial School.

Not satisfied with the progress made since the passage of the Act, the Watauga Club on November 4th passed a resolution calling for a mass-meeting of the friends of industrial education throughout the State. With the aid of the citizens of Raleigh, acting through Messrs. Primrose and Latta, a great mass-meeting was called together on the 26th day of November. Capt. Octavius Coke was made chairman. Dr. Chancy, from Atlanta, Maj. R. Bingham, W. H. Kerr and others addressed the meeting. :

16 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHEK. .

Great enthusiasm prevailed and the following resolution was adopted "We, citizens of North Carolina, in mass-meeting assembled, feeling a deep interest in the material welfare and prosperity of our State, and well knowing that intelligent labor is the basis oi' our civilization; believing that our people are of right entitled to an institution where the best methods of manual labor may be taught and its dignity faithfully impressed upon the minds of our youth; deeply sensible of the necessity of a system of education which will train the mind and hand together, and of the truth that pure theoretical and literary education is not of itself sufficient to meet the demands of the people or the neces- sities of these times; profoundly conscious of the fact that the avenues of livelihood to men trained only for' literary pursuits are already crowded, and holding as we do that it is the duty of the State to her sons as she increases their demands upon society by education to open up to them and multiply the avenues of legitimate occupations; therefore resolved, "1. That we ought to have an Industrial School.

"2. That it ought to be located in Raleigh. "3. That we will give such institution our cordial co-operation and support. "4. That a committee of twenty-five be appointed to prepare a report upon the cost, character and constitution of such school, and submit the same to the Board of Agriculture at their next regular meeting in December." Mr. Primrose was made chairman of the committee. Among the most active of its members were Mr. Donald McRae, of

Wilmington, and Maj. R. J. Powell, of Chatham. The committee, accompanied by Major Tucker, who represented the Raleigh stockholders in their donation of the Exposition Building, sub- mitted these resolutions and their report. (Several other stockholders, outside of Raleigh, also generously donated their stock.) Speeches were made by Mr. Primrose, Maj. Tucker, Capt. Ashe, Mr. Ashley and others. The Board of Agriculture appointed a committee to report at next meeting upon the sufficiency of the INorth Carolina State

THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 17 amount tendered to establish the school. They adopted a resolution establishing the Experimental Farm.

At the meeting of the Board, January '20th, 1886, the citizens' committee made another supplemental report. The Board adopted a resolution against the establishment of the school upon the offers made, but donated $5,000 annually, to be applied as soon as a suni adequate, in their judgment, should he offered.

The vote in the Board was understood to be close. The discussion was adjourned to the newspapers and for awhile it was lively. Never did industrial education get a better advertisement. Both

.sides claimed friends with the sciiool. The dispute was upon adequacy of the sums offered and certain technicalities. At the meeting of the Board of Agriculture, April 21st, 1886, the citizens' committee again appeared before them and increased the offer of the city of Raleigh to $8,000 in money. This offer was accepted and a resolution to establish the school at this city was adopted. Messrs. Leach, Moring and Wynne were appointed directors on the part of the city. A site was purchased from Dr. Grissom, and negotiations were pending for letting out the contract to build when some events occurred which materially changed the whole history of industrial education in North Carolina.

As far back as 1885 Mr. Lovill had offered an amendment to the Industrial School bill then pending, that the Land Scrip Fund be taken away from the University and given to the proposed school. It was lost. Some time after that Col. Polk began to make the same demand through the columns of his paper. On the 18th of January, 1887, a mass-meeting of farmers, called together to consider the condition and needs of our farmers, passed a resolution, offered by Mr. Wilson, for the farmers of Swift Creek, to the effect that the farmers needed an Agricultural College, and that the Land Scrip Fund be diverted from the University and applied thereto. On the 26th of January a great mass-meeting of farmers and workingmen, called together from forty counties by Col. Polk, mainly to consider this question, was organized with Elias Carr 3 18 THE NORTH CAEOLINA TEACHER,

as chairman, and passed a resolution to the effect (1) that the time had come to establish an Affricultnral and Mechanical Colleo;e in accordance with the Land Scrip Act; (2) that the interest of the Land Scrip Fund should be paid to the college; (3) that a sufficient amount from the general treasury be appropriated and available convict labor to establish, equip and maintain such college, upon a basis equal to the demands of the hour; (4) that the surplus funds of the Agricultural Department be utilized in this connection; (5) that every student be required to take a course of manual training; (6) that the payment of the Land Scrip Fund to this college should not work a diminution of the appropriations to the University; (7) that the funds and property of the Industrial School, including the donations of the

City of Raleigh, in accordance with a resolution of its Board of Alderman, be turned over to the proposed college. These resolutions were prepared by P. A. Dunn, chairman of committee, A. D. Jones, L. L. Polk, and others. A committee, J. T„ LeGrand, chairman, H. E. Norris, D. M. McKay, and Geo. Z, French, was appointed to transmit these resolutions to the Gen- eral Assembly and, with the aid of the committee appointed by the convention of the 18th inst., to secure the passage of an act embodying these resolutions. The committee was ably assisted by Mr. Primrose, Dr. Dab- ney, Mr. H. E. Fries, Mr. Leazar and many others, and they did their work well. They prepared the bill which is in every essential particular the Act establishing this college. Mr. Leazar introduced the bill for the committee. In its passage fhrough the Legislature it did not have a sail "through seas of heavenly rest." Not every one who voted for it favored it. Some wanted to reduce the appropriation to the University, others wished to cripple the Agricultural Department. They were, in fact, however, saving the department and rendering it far more useful to the people. Some Republicans demanded its government should be by directors from both political parties. Its friends accepted this amendment, which is, perhaps, wise, as it takes it out of politics. The bill could hardly have passed but for the timely THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 19 influeiice of Messrs. Keogh, Harris, Nichols and Eaves upon the Republican members of the Legislature. It had to run the gauntlet of amendments. Amendment by Mr. Ewart to locate upon his farm. Lost. Bill passed final reading in the

House by a vote of 68 to 1 9. Amendment by Mr. Mason in the Senate: "Locate near Chapel Hill on lands of J. A. Cheek." Lost. Amendment by

Mr. Pureell to submit the question of establishment to the qualified voters of the State. Lost. "This is another sink-hole to bury the people's money in," exclaimed a youthful senatorial fossil from the West. "The people are not in favor of it, for it was not canvassed on a single stump in North Carolina!"

"You are mistaken," said Mr. Eaves. "I made it an issue upon every stump in my county that my opponent voted against the Industrial School Act of the last Legislature, and I beat him upon that issue." The bill passed its final reading in the Senate and became a law on the 3d day of March, 1887, by a vote of 29 to 13.

Capt. S. B. Alexander, Mr. W. R. Williams and Mr. Pou,

Mr. Leazar and Mr. Fries were among its principal advocates in the Legislature. Both presiding officers were its friends.

Two years before Gov. Stedman had engineered the first Act through over the heads of an unfair and filibustering opposition. The passage of the Hatch Bill about this time appropriating §15,000 to the College and Experiment Farm to be run in connection therewith, the generous donation of Mr. Pullen of this site and sixty acres surrounding, the strong pressure of two great conventions of farmers and the well-directed efforts of its friends in the city and elsewhere, with aid of friendly Repre- sentatives, swept the bill through the Legislature as if by storm.

It will be a matter of interest one of these days to call the ayes and noes, but I will not call them now. The main features of this Act are worthy of attention here. It provides that the name of the school shall be "The North

Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts"; that it be located on the lands donated by R. S. Pullen ; that it shall be 20 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, managed and controlled by the Board of Agriculture and five persons, who together constitute its trustees. (Their names appear upon the corner-stone). That the interest on the Land

Scrip Fund^ $7,500 a year, shall be transferred to it on June

30th, 1888, or as soon thereafter as it shall be needed; that the Directors of the Penitentiary shall furnish requisite brick and stone and convict labor as they are able without interfering with previous contracts; that the assets and accurnulated funds of the Industrial School be turned over to this College, and also the surplus funds of the Department of Agriculture not required in its regular work. (The expenses for regular work had just been limited by another Act to $20,000 a year). That the Experiment and Fertilizer Control Station be connected with the College, and authority given to the Board to turn over to it all real and personal property in their possession, and also to receive donations from the United States government for Experiment Stations, and expend them in accordance with the Act of Congress. (This Act appropriates $15,000 per annum to the College of Agricul- ture and to Experiment Station to be run in connection therewith. Part of this fund, under a construction of our Act of As- sembly, is being applied to the Fertilizer Control Station). That the use of the Canap Mangum tract, 300 acres, situated half mile west of the State Fair Ground, be given to this College.

That 120 students may be admitted free, each county being entitled to a scholarship for every member it sends to the General Assembly. Such students shall furnish evidence of their good moral character and their inability to pay tuition. That every student be required to take a course in manual training. That the Board of Trustees be composed of one-half of each political party. The laws of North Carolina do not seem to contemplate the possibility of a third party and have made no provision for it in the government of this institution.

A summary of some of the main features of the Hatch Act is necessary to a proper understanding of our Act of Assembly.

It passed in its present shape March 2d, 1887, the day before ours became a law. It provides that in order to promote prac- THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 21

tical scientific investigation and experiment in the principles of agriculture, and to diffuse such information among the people, there shall be established, under the direction of the agricultural college or colleges of each State established and to be established under the Land Grant Act of 1862, a department to be known as *'an Agricultural Experiment Station." That results of experiments and investigations shall be published quarterly in a bulletin to be sent to the newspapers of the State. That for the expenses of investigation and dissemination the sum of $15,000 per annum shall be appropriated to be specially provided

for by Congress in its appropriations from year to year. That of the first year's appropriation one-fifth may be used in the erection and repair of buildings, and five per centum thereafter. That this Act shall not impair the legal relations existing between the colleges and their State governments. That where States have experiment stations separate from such colleges this money may

be applied to such stations. (Ours is in connection with this college and a part thereof, and will be more completely subordi-

nated thereto by the next Legislature, if it carries out the intention of the Act of Congress). That where a State has an agricultural Department connected with a school not distinctively agricultural and shall have or shall thereafter establish a separate

agricultural school in connection with an experimental farm, the

Legislature may appropriate this fund in whole or in part thereto. That this appropriation shall be subject to the legislative assent of each State. The assets of this institution are:

1. The site and sixty acres surrounding, donated by Mr. R.

S. Pullen, valued at $4,000.

2. The use of twenty acres of land in the State Fair Ground, donated by Directors of State Fair, valued at $2,000.

3. Three hundred acres of land, the Camp Mangum tract, located about three-quarters of a mile west of this building, valued at $5,000.

4. The Exposition Building, donated by the Raleigh stockholders, and valued at $3,000. nl THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

5. Surplus of the Agricultural Department, $14,000 j)er annum, contingent upon continued existence of the fertilizer tax.

6. The direct donations of the City of Raleigh in money, $8,000.

7. The accumulated assets of the Industrial School set aside under Act of 1885, amounting to $5,000.

8. The materials and labor furnished and to be furnished by the Directors of the Penitentiary, valued at $6,000.

9. The State's certificate of indebtedness for the Land Scrip Fund, $7,500 a year, a permanent endowment, if good government continues, of $125,000. 10. The appropriations under the Hatch Act, $15,000 ^er annum, equivalent, under certain limitations, to an endowment of $300,000. Total, $472,000. 11. The earnest labors of 500 of our best citizens and the best wishes of many thousand others.

Grand total : To be estimated by the future historian of this iustitution, who shall write the second chapter of its history, commencing with the beginning of practical operations by the

Board of Trustees under the law of its establishment. I am enabled to read a printed copy of this history through the enterprise and kindness of Mr. E. G. Harrell, who is an enthusiastic friend of this institution. I have finished the task that has been assigned to me. One or two thoughts and sns^- gestions and I have done. You must not expect too much of those who have this institution in charge, nor expect it too fast. I am glad I am not one of them. They have a splendid endowment to work with, but it is hedged about in part by linaitations, and they are in a new and untried field in North Carolina. For awhile they must feel their way cautiously, as being partly in the dark. Said Gen. Johnstone Jones to me, himself a newspaper man: ''I never saw the words Industrial Education in print in this State till this agitation by the Watauga Club." This may not prove that it never was in print, but it does prove that it was very rare.

These Trustees, then, will meet many difficulties, will make THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 23

some mistakes, will receive some criticisms; but I confess here, by way of State's evidence, that every hindrance this institution

has met so far has redounded ultimately to its benefit. The hill of difficulty which seems so steep to climb but helps us down

the other side of it, and resistance to the progress of truth is

God's method of advertising it. If those who have this movement in charge will only have faith, as said Abraham Lincoln, "The people, the people, the people, will carry them through."

('"' I's'ee, or I think I see, a difficulty that will dance attendance

upon this institution with devilish pertinacity : it is the tendency

toward theoretical, literary aiul idtra-scientijic education. Al-

though we have a thousand schools in the State where these

things may be taught, and should be taught, the tempter sitting-

squat at the ear of the authorities will whisper, "This is the place to teach them." There are to-day five million people in

the United States, and three million of them are in the South,

who call black-letter scholasticism alone education. Lord Bacon waged war with these literary Apollyons, and they will be found fighting against progress on the day of judgment. With Pharasaical zeal and bigotry, these men would feign have buried the new religion from Galilee mountain-deep beneath

the fossil learning of the Rabbis and the traditions of the elders.

They wanted to issue a diploma to its Divine Author before He could get authority to heal the sick or raise the dead. Fools see- ing this institution in close and deadly struggle with this tendency will confound them both together and try to hurl both into the same destruction.

There is a class of friends, too, who must be resisted. Their

cry is North Carolina for North Carolinians, which as often pro- ceeds from a pot-hunter as from a patriot. Pay no attention to

them. God made all this world from which to choose the best

things that are in it. I charge you that you execute the people's business as you would your own, and that for this purpose you secure the best agents that can be found, under what sky soever thev mav have been born. 24 THE NORTH CAEOLINA TEACHER.

It was the custom among the Greeks and Romans to buiid great temples in honor of great principles and virtues. Their marble columns are standing to-day in unrivaled beauty upon this earth. The centuries crowd together like little children at their feet, and old Father Time, discouraged in his work of destruction, has set himself down beside them to rest. No beholder of these splendid columns can doubt that the virtues of which they are monuments were at one time held in honor. " I will build me an house," said Jehovah, the Great Royal Arch Mason and Supreme Architectof this universe, and thegildeddorae of Solomon's Temple rose from the Hill of Mt. Zibn, a beacon light for all the ages. To-day there stands near the Ganges a beautiful mausoleum or temple. It was built by an Indian King in honor of his affection for his wife. It is adorned and crowned with the purest white marble. Octagonal and slightly pyramidal in shape, it lifts its graceful head for more than 200 feet above the plain. Standing like a giant goddess of beauty, clothed in pure garments of white, it can be seen for 30 miles away. It has heard the rush of the sacred river for six centuries, but its marble looks almost as pure as if it had just sprung from the hand of the architect. As it arches itself upward in successive splend- ors of symmetry back toward the great Author of all things symmetrical and beautiful, it is one of the most magnificent works of man. The great eye of day, in his fierce, searching glance over all this earth lights not upon another such a m.onument to the virtue of affection. Fittest habitation on earth of the

fittest virtue under heaven or in heaven ! No white marble pillows support the building whose corner- stone we have laid here to-day. At its feet no sacred river flows.

In its walls are nothing but North Carolina brick and her still more solid sandstone. It is a goodly and a worthy structure, yet I will not compare it to the temple of the ancient Indian King; but in one respect they are alike. Both are the monuments of a labor of love; for this too is a temple reared by North Carolinians in aflPection for North Carolina and by Nortii Caro- lina in aifection for her children. —

THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 25

It may he injured by the parsimony of some future law-giver, or it may be enlarged by the generosity of some eveu more

])rincely benefactor than Mr. Pullen, but I make this prophecy : that the princi{)!e of industrial education, for the want of a habitation wherein to dwell, shall walk naked in North Caro- lina no more again forever!

i^nd to this building and the institution it embodies, and the principle of industrial education of which it is the home, I would say, in the language of the Latins, itself an emblem of immor- tality, esto perpdua !

HINTS ON TESCHING GEOGRSPHY.

Do not expect your pupils to know more of the subject than you would know without the use of text-book. Do not attempt to burden the minds of pupils with the details of the different States as fully as they are given in the text- books. Occasionally have the advance lesson read aloud by some pupil for the others to hear and when read to mention the chief or leading facts therein. The best way for advanced pupils to study the extent of countries, the population of cities, the length of rivers, kinds of religion, etc.', is by comparison and classification. The order or arrangement of the pupil's course in Geography should be from that which is around him to that which is beyond. He should learn first all about his own town, next his county, next his State, next the United States, and lastly about the other important grand divisions.

The first time I go over the world with a pupil I do no^ hurry, and I am not too particular. The next time I require more. After a basis is thus laid, the children are ready to enjoy history, voyages and travels, and all books that describe the countries with whose geography they are acquainted. Fowlers

Teachers' Institute. 4 26 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

GEORGE T. WINSTON,

PRESIDENT OF THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY.

Among North Carolina teachers there is no superior to Pro- fessor George T. Winston. His very name is a synonym of the cultured gentleman, whose broad intelligence, good nature, sociability, polite breeding, fascinating humor, executive ability, gentleness and refinement have made him the most popular teacher in our State, honored and beloved likewise at home and abroad. It is not surprising that the mention of his name as President of the great North Carolina Teachers' Assembly should have been received with enthusiasm and heartiest approval.

Professor Winston is a thorough North Carolinian by birth and ancestry. He was born in Windsor, Bertie county, in 1852, and is now in his thirty-sixth year, and his portrait which we present to our readers this month, being engraved expressly for

The Teacher, is a very good likeness, and will be promptly recognized by many thousands of his warm personal friends throughout North Carolina and this Southern land. He was prepared for college by that master mind-builder, Professor James H. Horner, of Oxford, with whom he spent some three and a half years. After the close of the civil war, in 1866 he entered the University of North Carolina as a student and remained there until the doors of the institution were closed in 1868 under the processes of reconstruction. Having then received an appointment as midshipman in the United States

Navy, he entered the academy at Annapolis and stood No. 1 in a large class before the examining board, and it may be said to his honor that he is probably the only North Carolinian who has ever taken first position in a class at either West Point or Annapolis.

Not being specially fond of the naval service, and desiring to complete his literary education. Midshipman Winston shortly resigned his position and entered Cornell University, New York. THE NORTH CAEOLIXA TEACHER. 27

CoiBpleting the course there, he graduated with high honor in a very large class in June, 1874, and was immediately appointed instructor in that celebrated institution of learning. Upon the reorganization of the University of Xortii Carolina in 1875, Professqr Winston was offered the Chair of Latin, and our distinguished educator at once accepted it, which position he has most acceptably and honorably filled for the past thirteen years and now holds, to the joy of many University boys who daily "sit at the feet" of this favorite North Carolina teacher. In addition to the routine work in which Professor Winston is engaged at our University he has delivered many of the finest educational addresses which it has been the pleasure and privi- lege <^f our people to hear in fliis State, and during the years the Summer Normal School existed at Chapel Hill he was a regular lecturer and teacher in each of their sessions. He has also kindly accepted invitations to lecture before many leading schools throughout our State, and in every instance he has found a most cortlial and hearty reception from very large and cultured audiences. His style as a speaker is peculiarly his own, having a most fascinating originality about it, interspersed by frequent flashes of genuine wit and the highest order of eloquence, and no person has ever heard him on the rostrum who does not remember the occasion with exceeding pleasure. As one of the earliest and strongest friends of the North Carolina Teachers' Assembly, we give his record with the greatest j)ride. He has, by word and deed, been most thoroughly identified from the beginning with this grand movement towards the professional organization and mutual improvement of his

North Carolina co-workers, heartily giving his aid, influence, sympathy and presence in all the work of the Assembly in placing his native State in the educational lead of all others in the

South. Therefore the North Carolina teachers are glad to honor him and our University, which he so fidthfully represents, by placing him at the head of this, the largest and most prominent

organization of professional teachers of its peculiar kind to be found on the American continent. — —

28 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.

The editor of The Teacher and Secretary of the Assembly pleasantly recalls, with great appreciation, many acts of kindness and valuable aid extended to him by Professor Winston in

his official work. Professor Winston has received a broad education, both from

the North and the South. Thus he is extremely liberal in his

dealing with all professional questions, and the high respect which he accords to the opinions and methods of other consci- entious teachers has won for him the universal admiration and

love of the brotherhood wherever he is known. He is in favor of all good methods of teaching, whether new or old, without regard to their nationality or the character of their originators

or followers, and thus he proves himself to be a true teacher.

Recreations, such as to have the class find as many events in the history of the country which have been made memorable bv poems or stories, are valuable; and in connection with this encourage the pupils to read such. Some like portions of Evan- geline could be read in the class by any pupil, or pupils, or teacher. Anonymous.

In the study of History one of the earliest points to be

attended to is the cultivation of language. It is useless to ex-

pect children to get ideas from the printed page if they do not

know the meaning of the words they read. Sometimes we fail

to appreciate what a fliint idea children get of the meaning of

M'ords. With beginners in History it seems advisable to read

over the lesson with the class before they study it, and ask them to express the thought in their own words. Sometimes the

number of ways is astonishing in which the same thought is ex-

])ressed by different pupils. Obtain from the class, if possible, a common word for every hard one in the lesson. Show bv sen-

tences the shades of meaning between words of similar siffuifi-

cation. In a short time pupils will take pleasure in reciting in their own words, and they will improve rapidly in their ability to tell a story well. Ellen A. Folger. NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY,

FIFTH SNNUSL SESSION,

NOTES OF PROCEEDINGS.

MoEEHEAD City, June 13, 1888.

The North Carolina teachers are again in council in their summer home, the "Capital by the Sea," and again Moreheacl City is alive with the noble men and women who are so faithfully training our boys and girls in the footsteps of knowledge, The first train with these teachers and friends of education arrived on

Wednesday night, bringing " Chautauquans" from • remotest points across the Blue Ridge Mountains, and from even beyond our borders, and the Assembly has the pleasure of extending happy and fraternal greetings to members of the profession from South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee and Virginia. At Goldsboro the train was met by the xlssembly Cornet Band, being the regular band of the Davis Military School at LaGrange, which kindly consents to serve the Assembly. As the train rolled into the station at Goldsboro the merry crowd was greeted with the joyous strains of the ''Ho, for Carolina March," and the inspiring melody was in keeping with the pro- gressiveness of this great organization of North Carolina teachers. At Goldsboro, Kin.ston and New Bern vast crowds of people thronged about the train to enjoy merry meetings with old friends and catch a glimpse of new ones, whom they expected to meet more intimately at the Assembly in a few days, and with l>est wishes bidding the travelers a hap})y time at the annual reunion.

Arriving at the Atlantic Hotel all safely and in good time, a fine, hot supper awaited the party, which was enjoyed to a very 30 TI-IE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER. great degree and with a regular sea-side appetite. The room clerk of the hotel, the popular Mr. Campbell, having met the train at Goldsboro, every guest was given a good room before reaching Morehead City, and, with number checks in their hands as they landed from the train, each person was soon enjoying the blessing of comfortable rest from the fatigue of the trip. Perhaps there has never before been such a delighted and sur- prised company of people land at any summer hotel as were last night the guests of this splendid Atlantic Hotel. The magni- tude of the building, the extent of comfortable quarters for everybody, the beauty of the vast improvements, the great din- ing-room comfortably seating five hundred persons, the exceedingly polite and attentive servants in all departments of the work, the excellent table' fare, the courteous, competent and gen- tlemanly proprietors, the thoroughly trained, considerate and obliging clerks, the brilliantly illuminated building, all conspired to completely and deliberately capture this large company of guests and elicit from them hundreds of exclamations of surprise, satisfaction and appreciation at the reception accorded them and the prospect of such a joyous sojourn at this most fascinating "Summer Capital by the Sea." These expressions of astonishment and pleasure did not end in the Atlantic Hotel, but this morning they were renewed with the added sentiment of sincerest pride when the teachers and their friends entered the elegant Assembly Building erected by the teachers for the teachers, and as a lasting monument to the enterprise and worth of those who love the Old North State and are engaged in teaching our boys and girls those things which make them true men and women and devoted citizens of our grand old

Commonwealth. The Assembly Building is completed for use, and is by all odds the handsomest auditorium of its size in this

State. On the rostrum is one of the celebrated "Knabe Con- cert Grand Pianos," worth $1,000 net, and a fine silver-tongue organ, worth §350 net. These superb instruments have been kindly loaned to the Assembly by Messrs. Knabe & Co., of Bal- timore, through their po})ular agent, Mr. N. H. Bennett, and THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER, 81

they are iiuleed to these huiulrecls of teacliers things of beauty ''and a joy forever." Just over the rostrum hangs a handsome crayon-portrait of the beloved first President of the Assembly, Prof. J. J. Fray.

The picture is the work of Mr. P. C. Enniss, the skilful artist of Raleigh, and was presented by Mrs. J. J. Fray as a testimonial of her love for the Assembly and in memory of her deceased husband. At the right hangs a fine portrait of Dr. R,. H. Lewis, second President of the Assembly, the work of Miss Lavinia Whitfield, Art Teacher in Henderson Female College, and presented by her to the Assembly; and on the left is the portrait of the present President, Prof. E. A. Alderman, also the work of Mr. P. C. Enniss, and his gift to the Assembly. All the pict- ures are enclosed in very rich and imposing frames, which were donated by Mr. F. A. Watson, of Raleigh, the popular dealer in artists' supplies.

The entire morning and afternoon has been spent in getting acquainted with these teachers and friends who are to be so constantly together during the next fifteen days in the Assembly, and also in sailing, fishing and bathing, which are some of the most enjoyable pastimes of this sea-side resort. The interest in the boating was greatly increased by a race between several of the largest and most graceful sharpies in the harbor. The water has been smooth and the southern breeze specially favorable for bearing these beautiful boats over the waters.

first day

June 14, 1888.

At 8:30 o'clock p. m. President Alderman called the body to order and announced that the fifth annual session of the North

Carolina Teachers' Assembly was now ready to transact its regular business of this session. Secretary Harrell stated that he hoped every teacher would feel perfectly at home, and be quick to get accjuaiuted with every other person present, as this social gathering of the profession was one of the most enjoyable features of the session. —

oZ THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.

The audience joined in singing "Brightly Beams our Father's Banner," Miss Mary Locke McCorkle presiding at the piano. The opening exercises of prayer and praise were conducted by Rev. T. E. Skinner, D. D., of Raleigh, by reading a selection from John, third chapter, after which he offered a most appropriate prayer. The special order of exercises to-night being the dedication of the Assembly Building, the President, iii connection with his annual address, embodied many beautiful and appropriate ideas as to the splendid building which the teachers had at last been able to provide for their permanent summer home. He said :

Ladles and Gentlemen :

My foremost feeliug as I stand before the teachers of North Carolina to-night

to bid them welcome to their fifth annual Assembly is one of thankfulness that they now have a professional roof-tree for their ingatherins;. From that hour in Halifax, in 1776, when the builders of this Commonwealth gravely choose to encourage forever the education of our youth, until this hour, unlike the foxes who had holes and the birds of the air who had nests, teachers have had no place where they might laj' their heads. To-night we shall dedicate this spacious building to their uses forever. ^'Bulce est desipere in loco.'''' Here the tired teacher, who has sometimes, like the Hindoo, sighed for Nirvana, may find its earthly counterpart rest. Here the men and women whose nerves have been tapped, whose vitality has been drained, whose pulses have been robbed of their temperate beat bj' nine months of hard toil, may be made whole again by this medicine of the sea, this glorious liberty of sky and air, this stretch of green marsh and white sand-dune, this sight of flying bird and summer light glittering on bright waters. Here, too, they may increase in professional strength by contact and combat, by comparison and discussion and consultation, by informing the public mind and pleading with the public conscience. This date, therefore, marks an era in the educational renaissance in North Carolina. The event that shall make it memorable does not fill so large a space in men's thoughts as do the noisy con- tests for place and power that are now convulsing American life, but long after the shibboleths of this quadrennial summer shall have ceased to have meaning, this institution, I trust, will be contributing to the forces of our statehood and to

the beauty of our civilization. I, in common with every teacher and wuth all good people, am full -of gratitude to the generous people who have made possible this home for the teacher. I shall not call their names. They are of the sort who do not their alms before men, and like Abon Ben Adhem (may his tribe

increase !) their names shall be written down by the shining angel in the book of gold as those who love their fellow-men. ***** -x-

He then gave a fine resamd of educational progress in general, after which he presented Rev. T. E. Skinner, who said that ;

THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 66 anybody and everybody ought to be educated. The whole people are interested in the subject and are becoming more so. The annual meetings of this Assembly are benefiting every section of the State, and it is going to arouse and get hold of the affec- tions of the State. It is a great thing for you to get better acquainted with one another. The founding of this institution was a grand thing and is destined to grow to even grander things yet. Dr. R. H. Lewis, the second President of the Assembly, being introduced to the audience, in his usual original and fascinating style continued the congratulations due the teachers in their acquisition of such a home of pleasure, comfort and pride to the profession in this State. He was satisfied that there was a

"boom" for education and for the teachers. He was in favor of giving a great deal of credit to the female teachers, who were faithful in all things.

Prof. W. A. Blair then took the floor, and in an eloquent manner dwelt upon the pleasures of having a home, and there was a double pleasure in having a home for the teachers to gather annually in consideration of those great questions which pertain to their work. The following poem by Mrs. Mary E. Wicker, of Fayette- ville, was then read by her daughter. Miss Ethel A. Wicker:

TO THE TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY.

Oh, youth aad grace and beauty, Full oft thy charms are sung More oft thau worth and duty Inspiring heart and tongue. But when together blended, As in this illustrious throng, With breath and hand suspended My muse forgets her song.

Forgets the glowing phrases,

Forgets all adulation, And stands before your faces In simple exhortation.

Exhorts each sistei', brother. While round our altar Are, Enthuse ye one another 5 And crowd our standard nigher. : —

34 THE KORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

Oh, teachers, 'tis divine, This highest task of ours The excellence of truths sublime Engaging all our powers. These pilgrimages yearly Unto Education's shrine Should bind us all more nearly And give us strength sublime.

The older ones partaking The fire and strength of youth, And youth her fervor slaking At the ancient fount of Truth. Banded thus in Wisdom's might

Before us error flies, And wrong at length to right Submits her force and dies.

With this blessed end in view May our hearts and hands be nerved All things to dare and do, Nor from our course be swerved. May your draughts be long and pleasant From the Pierian spring. And next year find all present, And I their worth to sing.

The audience theu arose and sung the Dedication Ode, written by the Secretary, as follows

DEDICATION ODE. Tune, America. OUK STATE.

Our State ! Thou hast our love,

.\11 other States above, • Whate'er betide.

Our voices now we raise, - And sing in joyful lays North Carolina's praise With truest pride.

OUR teachers' assembly.

We've crowned with honors great Our own dear Old North State Bej'ond compare. Our Teachers' Assembly grand Will ever highest stand. The pride of all this land. Whose name we bear. ;

. THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 35

OUR TEACHERS' BUILDING.

This house we dedicate To those who educate In Wisdom's lore

And may it ever be The teachers' eestacy, A sweet home by the sea, When schools are o'er.

The announcements were then made for the following day and the Assembly adjonrned until to-morrow at 10:30 A. m.

THE TESCHERS' TRIP.

At the close of the regular Assembly work in June an exceedingly pleasant party of teachers and friends of education left Morehead City for a twelve-days' visit to New York, Niagara Falls and other places of interest in the North. The entire trip was made by water, leaving New Bern on the 3Ianteo in charge of the exceedingly popular and clever Captain Thomas South- gate. The sail c]own the Neuse River and across the Albemarle, Pamlico, Croatan and Currituck sounds was specially enjoyed, as it introduced the teachers to a section of their State with which they had heretofore been totally unacquainted. At Norfolk the party sailed for New York on the Wyanoke of the Old Dominion Line, and this delightful ocean trip of about three hundred miles was highly pleasing to all. The officers of the ship were profuse in their kind courtesies towards making everybody happy and comfortable, and they succeeded to a remarkable degree. The weather was fine, the sea smooth, and many couples remained on deck until after midnight enjoying the glorious sea air, the ocean, and each other's company. Arriving at New York on Sunday night, the party remained on board until mornino- and then took excellent rooms at the

Grand Union Hotel on Forty-second street at less than one-half the usual rates. 36 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

The succeeding four days were spent in visiting the many prominent places of interest which every American -desires at some tin:ie to see. The visits included the Brooklyn Bridge, Greenwood Cemetery, Castle Garden, Coney Island, Central Park, National Museum of Art, Natural History Museum, Washington Market, West Point, Governor Island, the Statue of Liberty, Cyclorama of Gettysburg, Cooper Institute, Stock

Exchange, Post-office,. City Hall, Macy's, Tiifauy's, Eden Musee, also taking a stroll along the principal streets, including Broad- way, the Bowery, Fifth Avenue, Fourteenth and Twenty-third streets.

On Thursday afternoon the party left in a special private car on the West Shore Railroad, along the Hudson River, for Niagara Falls. They reached Niagara at 8 o'clock next morning where, in response to a telegram, a nice, hot breakfast awaited them at the Niagara House. Soon ten handsome carriages were engaged and our party was feasting their eyes on that most gigantic and magnificent natural wonder of the world—Niagara FaJls. Crossing the suspension bridge, we took a drive along the Canada side, visiting the noted Whirlpool Rapids, where the party were photographed in a group with the rapids in the background. Many little keepsakes were purchased in Canada as mementoes of the visit, and the recollections of the occasion were fixed more firmly in mind by the United States custom officers, who proceeded promptly to collect "duty" on all those foreign articles before the party could cross the bridge on returning to the United States. Returning to New York on Saturday, we took the Old Do- minion steamer for home at 4 o'clock.

As we sail down the harbor each person is busy in getting the last sight of the various points of interest which they have just visited, and the very flimiliar way in which they discuss each prominent building as it comes in sight would convince a by-stander that it was a group of native New Yorkers. It would be hard to find a person who had traveled more, seen THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 37 mure, learned more or had enjoyed more in a ten-days' trip than has each one of our company of teachers, and few people have ever retained a more vivid and lasting impression of a tour of pleasure and instruction than will these enterprising teachers of our Old North State.

The day for sailing is perfect in every way, a gentle breeze coming from the south just sufficient to cool the air to a delightful temperature without causing any roughness of the sea; thus the entire trip from New York to Norfolk was made with as little motion to the ship as if she had been sailing on a great mill-pond. Not a single person experienced the slightest seasickness, but every one was promptly at the table as each of the splendid meals was spread, for which these excellent steamers are noted. And just here we will say that our teachers have been fascinated by the comforts and pleasures of the entire trip to New York via the Old Dominion route, and the multitude of kind courtesies extended to them by all the agents of the line and the officers of the steamers have entirely captured the hearts of our party and many express themselves as determined never to make a trip to New York in any other way than on the Old Domin- ion ships. The steamers are admirably built, the table fare is excellent, the speed is quick and the ease of the journey is all that could be desired.

After the steamer had gotten well out to sea it was announced that the entire party was requested to gather on the main deck for a few moments, and after the company had assembled the Secretary was invited to step to the centre of the group. Then, in behalf of the company, Mrs. Flora Church, a teacher of Florence, S. C, in a neat speech presented to the Secretary a handsome leather traveling dressing case "as a testimonial of the esteena and thanks of the teachers for all your efforts in their behalf." The Secretary expressed his surprise and returned his thanks for the kind gift. Again taking passage on the llanteo with Captain Thomas Southgate, we commence the return trip through the Eastern Caro- lina sounds at 6 o'clock Monday morning, and we begin to feel 38 THE NOETH CAEOLINA TEACHER. that now we are indeed nearing home. A stiiF breeze drives away the heat and ruffles the Albemarle Sound just enough to give variety to the sail. The boat touches at Roanoke Island and several of our party step ashore just to say that they have been to this famous historical spot. At 11 o'clock next morning we reached the pretty and hospitable little city of Washington, in Beaufort county, and Captain Southgate gives us two hours to go ashore and visit the summer Normal School now in session at that place. When our party entered the room Prof. Alex. Graham, the superintendent, in a most pleasant little speech extended a cordial welcome to his educational visitors. Captain C. B. Denson, a vice-president of the Teachers' iVssembly, in behalf of that great organization and especially of the visiting portion of it, responded to this welcome in eloquent and most fitting remarks, and the Normal School then took a recess for a general acquaintance occasion, which was greatly enjoyed by all.

The Normal, though only in its second day, has a good attendance, and the outlook is for a very satisfactory term. W^e had the pleasure of meeting a good number of members of the Teachers' Assembly who had attended the various sessions, and the meetings are always exceedingly pleasant to all parties because the fraternal and friendly ties within this immense North Carolina educational brotherhood are strong and greatly cher- ished. On Tuesday night at 12 o'clock the Manteo goes to her wharf at New Bern and our tourists take the train next morning for their homes. Here the breaks begin to be made in the company as the members diverge to their separate homes, and the partings are peculiarly sad where the whole of this delightful trip has seemed but the journeyings of a large family of brothers and sisters who have spent the time almost constantly together, even as in a happy home-circle. Thus concludes the happiest vacation trip ever made by North Carolinians. It has been wholly without accident of any kind, no discomforts, no seasickness, no discord, but a continual round of enjoyment and pleasant surprise from the departure from Morehead City to THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 39 the lauding at New Bern on the return, after a journey of nearly three thousand miles, and each member of the company has most heartily voted it "a perfect success."

The following is a list of persons composing the "North Carolina Teachers' Assembly excursion party for 1888":

E. G. Harrell, Raleigh. Miss Hennie Patrick, Kinston. Jno. N. Harrell, Raleigh. " MoLLiE Moore, Greenville. " B. W. Ballard, Louisburg;. Minnie Smith, Glen Springs, S. C. F. N. Egerton, Louisburg. " H. M. Montgomery, " " T. N. Bdrwell, Oxford. ' " Janie McDougald, Wade. " J. P. Haskitt, Kinston. Annie McDougald, Wade. C. L. Ives, New Bern. " Bettie Ellington, Raleigh. E. G. McDaniel, Treutou. " W. A. Carver, Sherwood. John Duckett, Greenville. " Venie Ballard, Frauklinton. " E. B.' Saunders, Lilesville. Pattie Ballard, Louisburg. C. B. Denson, Raleigh. " Rosa Harris, Louisburg. W. H. KoRNEGAY, Richlands. " Ella Ives, New Bern. J. W. Scott, Greensboro. " Hunter Southgate, Durham. " M. S. Sherwood, Greensboro. Kate Shipp, Charlotte. " J. B. Fariss, Greensboro. Lelia Young, Charlotte. " J. H. Fariss, Greensboro. Lelia Whitaker, Entteld. W. A. Bridgers, Old Sparta. " Kate Long, Weldon. " P. Capehart, Kittrell. Kate Capehart, Kittrell. " S. H. BoTD, Reidsville. Lucy Capehart, Kittrell. E. R. Harris, Hudson. " Maggie Smith, Coxville. " .J. L. Foster, Union Ridge. Bettie Clarke, Oxford. Miss Kate Fuller, Raleigh. " Carrie Gregory, Oxford. " Janie Williams, Faj'etteville. " Jessie Gregory, Oxford. " Nannie Shepherd, Fayetteville. Mrs. J. G. Kenan, Kenansville. " " Cad. Litchford, Raleigh. Flora Church, Florence, S. C. " " Mamie Kimball, Middleburg. J. B. Neathery, Raleigh. " " Truletta Kreth, Raleigh. J. J. Fray, Raleigh. " Annie Hicks, Faison. " A. E. Hughes, Tarboro. " Clara Shine, Faison. " E. G. McDaniel, Trenton. " Minnie Williamson, Reidsville. " B. W. Ballard, Louisburg. " Jennie Patrick, Kinston.

CERTIFICATES OF LIFE MEMBERSHIP.

The "Certificates of Life Membership" in the North Caro- lina Teachers' Assembly are n.ow ready and are being issued to members. The payment of $25, by any teacher or friend of education, will secure a life membership in the Assembly, and it is specially desirable that the names of each principal of our ! —

40 THE KORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. leading high schools and colleges, also each superintendent of the prominent graded schools, should be on the list of life members. Send the amount to the Secretary or Treasurer and the Certificate will be forwarded at once. It is 10x12 inches in size, suitable for framing, and has affixed the gold corporate seal of the North Carolina Teachers' Assembly. Several prominent gentlemen of the State have already become life members, and among them are Chief Justice W. N. H. Smith, Lieut.-Gov. Charles M. Stedman, Rev. B. Smedes and Rev. Thos. E. Skinner, D. D.

BE PSTIENT WITH THE CHILDREN.

They are such tiny feet

They have got such a little way to meet The years which are required to break Their steps to evenness, and make Them go More sure and slow.

They are such little hands ! Be kind—things are so new, and life but stands A step beyond the doorway. All around New day has found Such tempting things to shine upon; and so

The hands are tempted oft, you know.

They are such fond, clear eyes, That widen to surprise

At every turn ! They are so often held To sun or showers—showers soon dispelled By looking in our face. Love asks, for such, much grace.

They are such fair, frail gifts!

Uncertain as the rifts

Of light that lie along the sky They may not be here by and by. Give them not love, but more, above And harder—patience with the love. EDITORIAL

R FEW TIMELY WORDS.

Are yon going to take any interest in the educational aifairs of your county this season, or will you be satisfied to confine your work strictly within the limits of your own school-room? It may be possible that there are a few younger teachers near you who want some assistance or encouragement. Or, perhaps the parents throughout your county need some "stirring up" in the matter of educating their children. To find out whether or

not these wants exist it is necessary that the teachers should meet for consultation, and thus you see that you cannot afford to be without a Teachers' Council in your county. You cannot accomplish a great deal towards the educational improvement of

your county unless your teaching force is thoroughly organized for the work, and no other method of organization has proven

so pleasant and eflFective in iS^urth Carolina as a live Teachers' Council. The delightful social features which are to be found

in every active Council have created an educational esjyrit du corps in their counties of which any community may be proud,

and it is noticed that in those sections where there is a live Teachers' Council the County Boards of Education have been encouraged to give more aid and support to the teachers in try- ing to improve the schools of their counties. Don't lay The Teacher aside when you have read this article and never give another thought to the important matter of organizing your county, but write a note to two or three other teachers, or call

upon them if convenient, and secure their co-operation towards

organization. Appoint a day for this purpose, iiivite all the teachers of your county to meet with you on that day, get better acquainted with them, organize a Teachers' Council, arrange a

6 42 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

programme for another meeting a month hence, and thus you will do your county and your co-workers a great service and, besides, you will enjoy your school work more than ever before.

Try it and send The Teacher a full report of your meeting.

We return thanks for a very large number of new sub- scribers who sent their names to The Teacher during the summer. And when we remember that these new subscriptions come to us without any solicitation or canvassing by any person we know that the North Carolina teachei^s are appreciating a strictly North Carolina journal of education which believes, and

proves its faith by its works, that North Carolina is the greatest State in America and North Carolina teachers are the most deserving of success and of the very best positions which are to be had in our schools.

This has been a ''big year" for North Carolina teachers and the State owes them a lasting debt of gratitude for their earnest and faithful work in the school-room, and for the great promi- nence which has been given to the State by the work of our teachers in the Assembly at Morehead City. This fine reputation which our State now enjoys for enterprise and progressive- ness will be considerably increased when our party of one hundred representative North Carolina teachers shall make a vacation visit to Europe next summer. This trip will be a part of the Teachers' Assembly work and will begin just at the close of the session at Morehead City next July.

Do YOU KNOW^ that at least one-fourth of the time of your

Teachers' Councils, Institutes and Associations is wasted in dis- cussing questions which are utterly useless to the profession?

Thus it is that fuany of the younger teachers who go there to be improved and learn something that will be of service in their

work are grievously disappointed, and then it becomes difficult to secure their regular and prompt attendance at future meetings. THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 43

A teachers' meeting of any kind which does not enthuse its members to greater efforts and at the same time show them how to increase their power to teach is a comjalete failure and the

whole tendency of the meeting is to discourage a young teacher.

Think of this, you who are to conduct or speak at the coming Councils and Institutes, and don't consume valuable time in

'^ glittering generalities" which are, in almost every instance, wholly impracticable.

When some teacher or friend of education, who is full of energy, shall succeed in organizing a Teachers' Council or any other plan for the mutual pleasure and improvement of the teachers of his community don't begin to criticise his efforts, impugn his motives, and endeavor to sow di.'jcord in the organization because you did not have enough professional pride to go ahead and do the work or assist anybody else in doing it. If you are not in hearty sympathy and co-operation with the organization and not willing to give an honest effort in its behalf, then don't join it or attend its meetings. This will make the other members happier, and, besides, it will be better for you because teachers are very independent and plain spoken and might say something which a discordant element in their meetings would

not like to hear.

We give in this number of The Teacher the address in in full delivered by Mr. W. J. Peele, of this city, at the laying of the corner-stone of our North Carolina Industrial School, on

August 22d, at Raleigh. The establishment of this school is one of the greatest educational strides which has been made by the State within half a century and we know that every North

Carolina teacher has a special interest in it because it is a sure forerunner of our State Normal College. We have watched the progress of this industrial school enterprise from its birth in our

State and we saw its certain fruition in the future just as we now see the sure accomplishment of our Normal College. In every true North Carolinian's heart there exists an unquenchable fire of State pride which steadily prompts him to a determination to make his State the best, the happiest, the freeest, the most prosper- ! !

44 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

ous, enterprising and progressive, the most honored and the most

beloved of all the States of this Union. For this reason the North Carolinian wants to have the industrial training of her sons and the professional training of her teachers that they may be in every way prepared to take charge of our manufactories and our schools. All honor to our State for the establishment

of this Industrial School, and may it reach the fullest measure of success

The PROSPECTS for the establishment of our State Normal College are increasing steadily and constantly. Many of the new candidates for the Legislature of each political party have already

declared themselves in favor of the bill to establish the Normal

College, and have pledged themselves, if elected, to vote for the

measure when it comes before the General Assembly. The

popular sentiment is so strong in favor of the College that its

success is already assured. North Carolinians have become thoroughly tired of asking other States to train our teachers in

the methods of the profession, and we believe that our State is now determined, as a matter of pure State pride, to prepare our

young men and women to teach our boys and girls. No- other

State in America is now, or has ever been, better able than North Carolina to supply men and women of rare talent as teachers and it has grieved us to see those naen and women set aside from the best and most remunerative school positions in our State because they lacked the training which the State was in duty

bound to give them. But a brighter day is dawning for our teachers and we predict that soon after the establishment of our

State Normal College we will see- them in great demand as teachers in every institution of learning and in every section of the Old North State. x4_nd may this glorious day soon burst upon us with electric brilliancy and with a flood-tide of prosperity for our North Carolina teachers THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 45

ABOUT OUR TESCHERS AND SCHOOLS.

Miss Jennie Towles is teaching at Lumberton.

Mr. C. V. UiNES is in char2;e of Crooly High School.

Miss Annie Arnold is teaching at May, Harnett county.

Mr. Riley Johnson is teaching near Pue's, Harnett county.

Mr. J. L. Butt is teaching at South Creek, iu Beaufort county.

Mr. H. Y. Smith is teaching at Bunn's Level, Harnett county.

Miss Julia S. Russell is teaching at Kittrell, in Vance county.

Mr. R. L. Smith is principal of Norwood Academy, Stanly county

Mr. D. L. Clements is teaching at Broad River, McDowell county.

Mr. Robert Johnson is teaching at Bradley's Store, Harnett county.

Miss Leola Crowder is teaching at Pleasant Union, Harnett county.

Rev. M. S. Elliott has taken charge of the academy at Mofflt's Mills.

Mr. Street Brewer is principal of Hayne Academj', Sampson county.

Capt. C. F. Siler is in charge of Holly Springs Institute, Wake county.

Mr. Allen Jones and Miss Banks Hawkins are teaching at Lexington.

Mr. R. L. Smith is principal of Norwood High School, in Stanly county.

Mr. B. C. Craven is principal of Glenwood Academy, in Johnston county.

Mr. Charles I. Stewart is teaching at Winslow Academy, Harnett county.

Misses Ada E. Pitt and Mart H. Marriatt have good schools at Battleboro.

Rev. C. A. Hampton has a large school at All Healing Springs, Gaston countj'.

Mr. Isaac Fort, of Wake Forest, is teaching at Harrell's Store, Sampson county.

Mr. W. R. Skinner is principal of Vance Academy, at Pollocksville, Jones county.

Prof. S. A. Holleman is principal of Mooresboro High School, Cleveland county.

Mr. Parker, of Wake county, has been elected teacher in the Raleigh Graded Schools.

Mr. Harper, of Lenoir county, has been elected teacher in the Raleigh Graded Schools.

Mr. C. C. Stanridge, County Superintendent of Clay county, has a fine school at Hayesville.

AuLANDER High School, Bertie county, opens September 3d, with Mr. J. B. Newton, Principal.

KiNSET School, LaGrange, Lenoir county, opened August .80th. Mr. Joseph

Kinsey is principal.

Bingham School opens its 95th yearly term September 12th, Major Robert Bingham, Principal. 46 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

Mr. L. T. Buchanan has returned to Durham and will take charge of the academy at that place.

Rev. J. N. Boothe (Wake Forest College) has opened an academy at Mount Pleasant, Wake county.

Prof. J. B. Carltle has been elected adjunct Professor of Ancient Languages at Wake Forest College.

Mr. J. M. Weatherlt is principal of Liberty Academy, on the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Railroad.

Horner School, Oxford, Prof. J. H. Horner and Capt. T. J. Drewry, Princi- pals, opened August 6th.

Mr. E. F. Eddins (Wake Forest) is principal of Yadkin Mineral Springs Academy, at Palmersville.

Dr. Paul B. Barringer is principal of a preparatory school for medical students at Davidson College.

Mr. Z. J. Whitfield is teaching at Bethel, Pitt count}-, a primary, preparatory and commercial school.

Miss Ctnthia Tull has accepted a position as teacher in the Kinsey School at LaGrange, Lenoir county.

Rev. J. C. CoTTiNGHAM (Wake Forest College) has opened a school near Earpsboro, Johnston county.

Wilson High School opens September 3d, under the management of Mr. Hamilton McMillan as principal.

Prof. Royster, ex-County Superintendent of Cleveland county, is now teaching at Iron Station, Lincoln county.

Mr. T. J. Farrell has a very successful school at Walnut Cove, in Stokes county. About iifty pupils enrolled.

Albemarle Academy, Stanly county, opened August 6th, with Mr. H. W. Spinks (Trinity College) as principal.

Rev. a. R. Morgan is principal of Yadkin College High School. The enrollment and outlook are highly gratifying.

Mr. G. a. Grimsley has been elected as superintendent of the Tarboro Gra- ded School, which begins in September.

Miss Sallie Wingate, of Wake Forest College, will take charge of the Pam- lico Institute, Bayboro, N. C, next session.

' Rev. J. F. Winfield has been elected principal of Centreville Academy, Pitt county. The school opens September 24th.

Mr. J. A. Rackly, Ph. B. (Trinity College), is principal of the Eldorado Male

and Female Academy, Montgomery county. '

Prof. J. W. Tillett, late of Roxboro Academy, has removed to Mt. Tirzah, Person county, where he will open a school.

Clinton Male Academy opened August 13th, with Mr. W. M. Brooks, A. M. (University of North Carolina), as principal.

Mingo High School opened its thirteenth session at Hawley's Store, Sampson county, July 30th. Mr. Wm. Bland is principal. THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 47

Mr. O. C. IlAJfiLTON, Principal, and Mr. D. J. Little, assistant, have charge of Union Institute at Unionville, Union count}'.

Miss Myrtle Bunn has accepted a position as teacher of French, music and drawing in Watkins Academy, Johnston county.

Mr. William W. Tkoup, of Tiffin, Ohio, a graduate of Heidelberg College, has been added to the facult}- of Catawba College.

Mr. John E. Kelly, of Moore county, has been elected principal of the Cen- tennial Graded School of Raleigh, and has accepted.

Prof. F. A. Fetter and Mrs. A. B. Foreman have charge of Washington Academy, and the fall session opens September 24th.

]Mr. E. J. Robeson has resigned the position of principal of Waynesville High School to engage in professional labor in another State.

MiDDLEBURG Male ACADEMY, Vance county, begins its eleventh session Sep- tember 3d, Mr. James H. Scarborough, A. B., Principal.

Prof. L. W. Bagley is succeeding well as principal of Littleton High School.

It is a preparatory, business and military school for boys.

Rev. J. W. Turner, A. M., Rector of the Episcopal Church in Clinton, pro- poses to open school in Clinton on the 10th of September.

Prof. J. L. Tomlinson has been elected superintendent of Greensboro Graded School, and will open school about the loth of September.

Mr. B. F. Hassell, Jr., of Plymouth (Wake Forest College), has accepted the position of principal of Westfield High School, Stokes county.

Prof. W. B. Phillips, late of our University faculty, has just erected a monument to the memory of Dr. Elisha Mitchell on Mount Mitchell.

Mr. R. p. Johnson, late of Mount Vernon Springs, Chatham county, has accepted a position as principal of the academy at Dudly, S. C.

Prof. S. D. Bagley is president of Littleton Female College, and there are ten assistant teachers in the facultj'. The fall term opens finely.

Mr. William Lewis, late a teacher in Kinston College, is now assistant in the high school at Mayesville, Montana, with most flattering prospects.

Rev. a. T. Howell who graduated from Wake Forest College in June last, has taken charge of the Reynoldson Male Institute, Gates county.

Mr. R. E. Harrill is principal of Paper Mill Academy, at Lincolnton, and the fall term begins September 3d, with prospects for a large attendance.

Mr. Elisha B. Lewis, of Kinston, has been elected first assistant in the Gra- ded School at Mayesville, Montana, and he has accepted the position.

Prof. A. L. Purinton, of West Virginia, has been elected Professor of Chem- istry at Wake Forest College. He succeeds the lamented Dr. Duggan.

RocKY' Mount High School opened August 20th, with Mr. R. B. Lineberry, A. B., Principal, assisted by Misses Annie Pearce and Lillie Arrington.

Mr. J. D. Ezzell is principal of Bellevoir High School, at Gra, in Sampson county. Board in the community may be had from $5 to $7 per month.

Prof. W. H. Michael has been elected to the Chair of Physics in Wake For- est College vice Prof. W. G. Simmons, who was made an emeritus professor. 48 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

Prof. J. L. Byrd (Trinity Col]ege) has been elected principal of Hector's Creek Academy, Harnett county. Miss Lolia Benson is teacher of music.

Prof. G. C. Briggs has accepted the presidency of the Salisbury Academy, Salisbury, Mo., and will remove with his family to that point at an early date.

Mr. S. L. Sheep continues as principal of Elizabeth City Academy, and the next session begins September 23d. Four teachers are engaged as assistants.

HoLLT Grove Academy, Ilex, Davidson county, Rev. VV. P. Cline, Ph. B., Principal, assisted by Miss Ida Hedrick and Mr. R. L. Frittz, opened July 30th.

Mr. J. A. Ragan, a Trinity College graduate, has taken charge of Shiloh Academy, Randolph county. The school opened recently with a good attendance.

Mr. H. E. Coppi.e (Wake Forest) is principal of the high school at Rock

Rest, and Miss Effie Morrison, of Thomasville, is assistant in primary department.

Mr. Geo. H. Williams, a graduate of St. Augustine Normal School, Raleigh, has been appointed principal of the State Colored Normal School, at Fayetteville.

Rev. J. M. Rhodes is president of Henderson Temale College, and he is building up an excellent and successful school. The fall term begins September 5th.

Mr. W. G. Randall, of McDowell county, a graduate of University of North Carolina, has been appointed to a professorship in the University of South Caro- lina.

Prof. A. L. Plummer (Dartmouth College) is principal of Cokesbury Acad-

emy, Harnett county. He is assisted by Mrs. A. L. Plummer (Mclver Institute, Texas).

Miss Lizzie Carper has a fine school at Cairo Academy. The enrollment is now thirty-one with constant accessions. The present session will continue five months.

Clinton Female Institute, Sampson county, opens September 8d. Miss

Mary Anderson is principal, and will be assisted by Misses Lois Anderson and Jennie Clogett.

Prof. H. H. Williams, who was elected to a professorship in Trinity College, has declined. He has obtained a fellowship at Tale College and will remain at that institution.

Fairview Academy, Guilford county, will commence its sixth session on the 13th of September, Mr. W. T. Whitsett, graduate of the University of North Carolina, Principal.

Piedmont Seminary, Lincolnton, N. C, is in a flourishing condition, under the management of a wide-awake modern teacher, Prof. D. Matt. Thompson. Opened August 29th.

The thirty-fourth session of Wilson Collegiate Institute for young ladies opens its fall session September 3d. Prof. Silas E. Warren is principal, with an enlarged corps of teachers.

Rev. S. R. Trawick has at Pigeon River, Haywood county, one of the best schools in Western North Carolina. The attendance is now near 150, and he writes that " still they come." THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 49

New Bekn High School is coudueted by Prof. George W. Neal, Principal,

lie is assisted by Mr. James Thomas and Miss Maria Manly, and the fall term will begin ou 10th of September.

PiioF. T. C. Reese, of Henderson county, a graduate of Emory and Henry College, Va., has been elected priocipal of Franklin High School, Macon county. He will be assisted by Mi.ss Kibbee.

PuoF. J. D. Hodges and Rev. B. G. Marsh have charge of Augusta Seminary, at Jerusalem, Davie county, as principals. It is "a strong team," and we know the school will be highly prosperous.

Mr. J. C. Wilson and Mrs. J. S. Hunter are principals of the Tabernacle

Academy, in Guilford county. Special attention is given to training those ex- pecting to teach in the public schools.

Misses Brown and Whitley will open Washington High School for Girls (Washington, Beaufort county) on October 1st. These ladies are accomplished teachers, and thej- are sure of success.

Mr. a. M. Gentry is principal of Grassy Creek Academy, Ashe county. Miss

Sallie J. Newkirk is assistant. The school is in a tiourishiug condition, five counties being represented among the pupils.

Germanton Institute, a first-class school for both sexes, at Germanton, Stokes county, opened August 7th, with Mr. W. B. Harris as principal. The enrollment for the past session was 74 pupils.

Mr. W. W. Holding has succeeded to the principalship of Sanford High School, and Miss Maggie Norfleet, of Norfolk, Va., is teacher of music. The people are delighted with their new faculty.

Mr. J. A. Monroe is principal of the Classical, Mathematical, Scientific, Com- mercial and Musical High School at Lumber Bridge. The new term has just begun, with an enrollment of over 70 pupils.

Mr. J. B. Blanton has been chosen principal of Boiling Springs High School. The building has been entirely remodeled and furnished with new patent desks, and the teachers expect to build up a large school.

Salem Academy' began its Soth annual session August 30th. Rev. John H. Clewell, the principal, ran a special through car from Central, Texas, to Salem, without change, for the benefit of his Southern pupils. Miss Viola Boddie, an accomplished young lady and an excellent mathema- tician, will have charge of the department of mathematics in Henderson Female College next session, which begins September 5th, 1SS8.

Prof. A. \V. Long (University N. C), who for a time filled the Chair of Eng- lish Language and Literature in Trinity College, has been elected to the Chair of English in Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina.

Prof. W. V. Savage (Wake Forest) is principal of Henderson Male Academy (not the Female Academy, as the printer made us say in former notice). The term began ou August 27th, and the enrollment is very line.

Miss Kate M. Hunt, of Virginia, has been elected principal of the Louisburg Female College, and the fall term begins September 3d. We welcome this accomplished daughter of the Old Dominion to the Old North State.

7 50 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.

The fall term of Mrs. Adams' school at Wilson opens September 3(3. Mrs. Purvis, a graduate of the Kichmond, Va., music schools, and who has had seven years' experience as a teacher, will have charge of the music department.

Pkof. N. B. Henry, late of the Universitj' of North Carolina, has been elected President of the Pueblo Collegiate Institute, California. He has accepted the position and enters upon duty with the opening of the session in September.

Miss Annie Barnes, of Joiiesboro, has takea a school at Graham, South Caro- lina, to continue ten months. We regret to have so good a teacher leave our State, and we hope her sojourn in our sister State may be pleasant in every way.

Mr. Marion Butler is principal of Salem High School, at Huutle}', Sampson county, and he is making a fine reputation as a teacher. His school is well located and the total expense of board and tuition is only §50 per term of live months.

Capt. John Duckett continues as principal of Greenville Institute, and has associated with him as assistants Mr. C. H. Foust (University N. C.) and Misses Cannon, Harris and Chestnut, and the prospects are good for a very successful term.

The Kinston College building has been greatl}' improved during the vacation and it is entirely repainted. Prospects for the fall opening on September 3d are verj' fine. Dr. R. H. Lewis, the president, is one of the best teachers in our State.

Rev. J. B. Shearer, D. D., of Clarksville, Tenn., was elected President of Davidson College, in place of Rev. L. McKinnon, resigned. Mr. C. R. Harding, son of Rev. E. H. Harding, was unanimously elected Professor of German and Greek.

Mr. W. J. ScROGGS, late of Mt. Olive High School, has taken charge of Lex- ington Female Seminary. He will be assisted by Miss Laura C. Clement in the primary and Miss Octa F. Hargrave (Charlotte Ft male Institute) in music and elocution.

Miss W. DeLuke Blair's Select School at Monroe, Union county, opened August 6th. Miss Blair is assisted this session by Miss Anna M. Blair (Staunton Female Institute), Miss Lizzie Campbell (Peace Institute), and Miss Margaret Craig, of Pennsylvania.

Prof. L. S. Packard, of Saratoga Springs, New York, is building a large and commodious academy at Pine Bluff, near Keyser, and expects to open the school in a few weeks. We extend a welcome to Prof. Packard and hope he will become a permanent citizen of the Old North State.

Buie's Creek Academy, Harnett county, has opened its fourth session under very favorable circumstances. Rev. J. A. Campbell (Wake Forest College) is principal. The assistants are Prof. A. E. Booth (Nashville Normal College) and Miss Cornelia F. Pearson (Buie's Creek Academy).

Miss Lilly Gay is teacher of music in Wilson Collegiate Institute. The AVil- son Mirror says : "We congratulate Prof. Warren and the patrons of the Wilson Collegiate Institute upon the magnificent acquisition to the corps of teachers in the person of that God-crowned Empress of music and of song— Wilson's im- comparable vocalist. Miss Lilly Gay. Her high culture, her high skill, her ripe experience, her flue talent and her admirable tact make her indeed a most competent person for this department, and we know she will reign there with queen- liest grTice and dignity and efliciency." THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHEFi. 51

Oxford Female Seminary, Granville count}-, opeued September 5tb, Mr. F.

P. Hohffood is principal, assisted by Rev. C. M. Jenkins (University Va.), Miss Bain (Sauveur Scbool of Languages), Mrs. Twitty (Baltimore Ladies' College), Miss Hall (Cooper Union Art School, N. T.), Miss Clark (Cincinnati College of Music), Mrs. Stradly, Miss Jordan and Miss Hobgood.

The Methodist Female Seminary at Durham has a very accomplished fac-

ulty of teachers. Mrs. T. G. Cozart is principal, and the assistants are Miss Lucy

Jurney, English ; Miss Laura Doub, Director of Music ; Miss Emma K. Parker, Art Teacher; Miss Lessie M. Southgate, Elocution and Calisthenics.

Oak Ridge Institote, under the excellent leadership of Profs. J. A. and M.

H. Holt, is one of the finest schools in the Southern States, and has the finest private school building in this State. The Societies have halls better furnished than most of the colleges North or South. The library, which had no existence in 1875, now has nearly 2,000 volumes of well selected literature and reference books, and during the past year has been considerably increased.

Monroe High School, male and female, began August 20th, with the following faculty: L L. Wright, A. M., Professor of Greek, Natural Science and

Ethics ; L. D. Andrews, Professor of Mathematics and Higher English ; W. P.

Andrews, A. B., Professor of Latin, Modern Languages and History ; Miss S. J. Robinson, teacher in Primary Department; Miss Lillian V. Gaffney and Miss Laura A. Brower, teachers of vocal and instrumental music and calisthenics.

TEACHERS' BURESU.

['SSS^'The North Carolina Teacher will recommend all applicants mentioned in this department, and lettei's answering any announcement may be addressed care of The Te.\cher and they will be promptly forwarded. We desire to aid every teacher in secur- ina; a good situation, and uo charge is made for the insertion of notices in this department.] POSITIONS WANTED. 130. By a competent young lady a situation as music teacher. Best of refer- ences given. Address "A. B. H.," Lock Box 127, Fayetteville, N. C.

131. A graduate of St. Mary's School, Raleigh, N. C, desires a situation as teacher in a school or family. Is qualified to teach English, Higher Arithmetic, Grammar and Latin. A situation in a school preferred. Address, "H.," care N. C. Teacher, Raleigh, N. C.

132. A young lady desires a position as governess in a family with small children. Can teach music and is willing to do light sewing after school hours. Address, "Governess," care of The Teacher.

133. A lady teacher, well recommended from Massachusetts public schools, desires to secure a department of a graded school or a good district school. Will send recommendations as to ability and character. Address, "Teacher," 878 Markoe street. West Philadelphia, Pa. 52 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER,

CUPID aMONG THE TEACHERS.

'Tis said that "figures never lie," That one and one are always two; But Cupid proves, with worlv so sly, Some wondrous things that figures do. And when he claims a teacher's hand All rules of figures then are done. Though TWO before the preacher stand

This one and one are always one !

In Chapel Hill, June 12th, 1S8S, the bride's father officiating, Stephen B. Weeks, Ph. D. (University of N. C, Class of '86), of Elizabeth City, N. C, married Miss Maky Lee Martin, daughter of Rev. Joseph B. Martin, of Chapel Hill, N. C. We were glad to see this happily mated couple in Raleigh en route to Elizabeth City, where they will spend the honeymoon. Afterwards Mr. Weeks will take a course at Johns Hopkins University, and thence spend a j'ear prose- cuting his studies in Germany. Our good wishes go with them.

In Dunn, N. C, June 27th, Mr. Robert Williams, of Mount Olive, married Miss Kate Pearsall, a teacher, Rev. Dr. Marable officiating.

In the Presbyterian church at Goldsboro, Wednesday, June 27th, Mr. N. S. Wilson, of Winston, married Miss Bettie Spicer, a teacher in the Winston Graded School.

At the residence of Mr. W. H. Norris, in Wake county, Wednesday, June 27th, Rev. J. N. Boothe, a young Baptist preacher and a good teacher, married Miss Sarah C. Norris, daughter of Mr. W. H. Norris, Rev. H. W. Norris officiating. A delightful reception was given them in Raleigh at the residence of Mr. M. T. Norris.

Prof. W. S. Currell, of Davidson College, was married June 28th to Miss Sarah Scott, of Halifax county, Va.

In Durham, July 12th, Mr. John W. Umstead, of Flat River, married Miss Ldlie Lunsford, a teacher, Rev. Dr. A. W. Mangum, of Chapel Hill, officiating.

In the Baptist church at Carthage, Thursday, July 12th, Rev. W. F. Watson to Miss Florence Shaav, daughter of Dr. John Shaw, Rev. A. B. Shaw officiating. Mr. Watson is a prominent young minister of the Baptist Church and a professor in Thomasville Female College.

Married, at 8 p. m. Wednesday, July 18th, by the Rev. N. W. Edmunds, D. D., at the residence of the bride's mother, a few miles west of Mayesville, S. C, Miss Jacqueline Burch Baker, of Sumter county, to Prof. Herbert Whar- ton Beall, of Lenoir, N. C.

Rev. T. J. Horner, of the Horner School at Henderson, and Mrs. Sarah A. Lyon, of Durham, were united in marriage by Rev. Dr. E. A. Yates on August 2Sth.

Prof. E. P. Mendenhall, assistant teacher in the Yadkin College High School, was married on July 26th to Miss G. E. Hanner, one of Yadkin county'.'* fairest daughters. —

THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 06

IN MEMORISM.

" Death hath made no breach In love and sympathy, in hope and trust. IS'O outward sign or sound our ears can reach, But there's an inward, spiritual speech That greets us still, though mortal tongues be dust. It bids u.s do the work that they laid down Take up the song where they broke oflF the strain ; So, journeying till we reach the lieavenly town, Where are laid up our treasure and our crown, And our lost, loved ones will be found again."

Mks. John F. Chowell, wife of the President of Trinity College, died June 29th at Reading, Pennsylvania.

Mr. T. L. Norwood, late of Bingham School, died at his father's residence in Tennessee, July 28th. He had jusfaceepted a position in the Uni\-ersity of Tennessee.

Mr. Charles U. Hill, of Washington, N. C, well known as a teacher, etc., was drowned at Ocracoke, August 16th.

Rev. Fordyce M. Hubbard, D. D., for many years Professor of Latin in the University of North Carolina, died in Raleigh, September 1st, in the 80th year of his age.

Prof. Albert Rouse, formerly music teacher in Charlotte Female Institute, died suddenly in Charlotte a few weeks ago of heart disease.

Our sincerest sympathy goes out to Prof. E. A. Alderman and his wife in the death of their baby at Newton, where Prof. Alderman was engaged in teaching in the Normal School. BEST NEW BOOKS.

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