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The Population of Palestine the Institute for Palestine Studies Series

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The Population of Palestine the Institute for Palestine Studies Series THE POPULATION OF PALESTINE THE INSTITUTE FOR PALESTINE STUDIES SERIES Muhammad Y. Muslih. The Origins o f Palestinian Nationalism. 1988 THE INSTITUTE FOR PALESTINE STUDIES SERIES THE POPULATION of PALESTINE Population History and Statistics of the Late Ottoman Period and the Mandate Justin McCarthy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW Y O R K Columbia University Press New York • Oxford Copyright © 1990 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCarthy, Justin. The population of Palestine : population history and statistics of the late Ottoman period and the mandate / Justin McCarthy, p. cm.— (The Institute for Palestine Studies series) Includes bibliographical references (p. ISBN 0-231-07110-8 (alk. paper) 1. Palestine— Population— History—Statistics. 2. Jews—Palestine—History—Statistics. 3. Palestinian Arabs—History—Statistics. I. Title. II. Series. HA4560.M35 1990 304.6'095694—dc20 90-1641 CIP Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are Smyth-sewn and printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper & Printed in the United States of America c 10 987654321 To Caitlin Elizabeth CONTENTS List of Statistical Tables viii List of Maps and Charts xiii Abbreviations xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi CHAPTER ONE: PALESTINE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1 I. The Ottoman System of Population Registration 2 II. The Population of Palestine, 1878-1914 5 III. Migration into Palestine 16 CHAPTER TWO: PALESTINE UNDER THE MANDATE 25 I. Population in 1918 25 IL Population Statistics of the Mandate 27 III. Migration into Palestine 33 IV. The Population of Palestine, 1922-1946 35 V. Summation 37 Notes 39 APPENDIXES 1. Ottoman Statistics 45 2. European Statistics of the Ottoman Period 55 3. Mandate Statistics: Population 63 4. Mandate Statistics: Age Distribution 97 5. Mandate Statistics: Births and Fertility 107 6. Mandate Statistics: Deaths and Mortality 119 7. Mandate Statistics: Marriages, Divorces, and Widowhood 139 8. Mandate Statistics: Urban, Rural, and Population Density 154 9. Mandate Statistics: Migration 169 10. Zionist Statistics 217 Index 237 LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES CHAPTER ONE: PALESTINE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1 1.1. The Population of Palestine. Estimates of Various Scholars 1 1.2. Administrative Divisions of Ottoman Palestine. Sanjaks and kazas 6 1.3. Published Summaries from Ottoman Population Records 6 1.4. The Ottoman Citizen Population of Palestine by Religious Group, Corrected Figures, 1878 to 1914 7 1.5. Refugees in Palestine, According to Records of the Ottoman Refugee Commission, 1302 (1884-85) 11 1.6. Christian Population of Jerusalem, Acre, and Nablus Sanjaks, Corrected, 1304/1306 to 1330/1331 12 1.7. Jewish Ottoman Subjects in Palestine as Recorded in Ottoman Registers 14 1.8. Ben-Arieh’s Estimates of the Population of Large Towns in Palestine 15 1.9. §emseddin Sami’s Estimates of Urban Population, 1308 to 1316 15 1.10. Total Population of Palestine in 1914 as Given by Barron, Compared to Actual Ottoman Data 18 1.11. Population Figures of Arthur Ruppin Compared with Official Ottoman Figures. Kazas in Which Ruppin Lists a Sizeable Jewish Population 18 1.12. Ruppin’s Estimate of Jewish Population in Palestine, 1914 19 1.13. Ruppin’s Estimates of the Growth of the Jewish Population of Palestine, 1800 to 1933 19 1.14. Representative Estimates of Jewish Immigration, 1850 to 1914 20 CHAPTER TWO: PALESTINE UNDER THE MANDATE 25 2.1. Jewish Migration into Palestine, 1919 to 1922 26 2.2. Population of Palestine in 1918 26 2.3. Population Loss from 1914 to 1918 by Religion 26 2.4. Proportion of Total Palestinian Population in each Ottoman Sanjak. 1914 and 1922 27 2.5. Comparison of Ottoman and Mandate Population Statistics. Total Population as Recorded in 1895 and 1922 29 LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES IX 2.6. Recorded Population of Palestine in 1922 by Sex and Age Group 29 2.7. Population of Palestine in 1922, as Recorded and Corrected 30 2.8. Recorded Population 0 -1 5 in 1931, by Religion and Sex 30 2.9. Recorded and Corrected Population in 1931, by Religion 31 2.10. Muslims, Recorded Births and Proportion of Deaths Under Age 1, 1923 to 1931 31 2.11. Recorded Muslim Birth and Death Rates (per thousand per year), 1935 to 1946 32 2.12. Adjusted Muslim Births, Deaths, and Natural Increase, 1935-46 32 2.13. Comparison of Jewish Agency and Government Figures on Jewish Immigration 34 2.14. Population of Palestine by Religion, 1922 to 1931, End of Year Estimates 35 2.15. Population of Palestine by Religion, 1931 to 1946, End of Year Estimates 35 2.16. Proportion of Main Religious Groups, 1931 to 1946 36 2.17. Population of Palestine by Ethnic Groups, 1931 to 1946 36 2.18. Population of Palestine by Religion, 1870 to 1946 37 APPENDIX 1. OTTOMAN STATISTICS A l.l. Number of Urban Households ca. 1868-69 47 A1.2. Urban Male Population of the Cities of Acre and Nablus, ca. 1873 47 A1.3. Male Population ca. 1877, Various Kazas 47 A 1.4. Male Population of Acre and Nablus sanjaks, 1878-79 48 A1.5. Urban Male Population of the Kasabas of Acre and Nablus in 1878-79 48 A1.6. Urban Total Population of the Kasabas of Acre and Haifa, ca. 1905-6 48 A 1.7. Population of Jerusalem, Acre, and Nablus Sanjaks, 1886-92 49 A1.8. Population of Jerusalem Sanjak, 1884-85 50 A 1.9. Population of Acre and Nablus Sanjaks, 1888-89 50 A1.10. Population of Acre Sanjak, 1881-82 50 A l.l 1. Population of Jerusalem Sanjak and Beirut Vilayet by Religion, 1893-94 51 A1.12. Population of Acre and Nablus Sanjaks ca., 1896 51 A1.13. Population of Acre and Nablus Sanjaks, ca. 1905-6 52 A1.14. Population of Jerusalem Sanjak, 1911-12 53 A1.15. Population of Acre and Nablus Sanjaks, 1911-13 53 A 1.16. Population of Jerusalem Sanjak and Beirut Vilayet by Age Group, 1893-94 54 A1.17. Population Density in 1 8 9 3-94 54 A1.18. Aliens (not registered in the Population Registers), 1893-94 54 APPENDIX 2. EUROPEAN STATISTICS ON OTTOMAN PALESTINE A2.1. Statistics of G. Schumacher. The City of Acre 57 A2.2. Statistics of Vital Cuinet: Population by Sanjak in Ottoman Palestine 58 A2.3. Statistics of Vital Cuinet: Cities in Palestine 59 A2.4. Statistics of Moses Friedlander (based on Luncz), Jewish Population in 1897 60 A2.5. Statistics of Davis Trietsch, 1906. Cities in Palestine 60 A2.6. Statistics of Davis Trietsch, 1906. Cities in Palestine in Other Years 61 A2.7. Statistics of Arthur Ruppin. Total Population by Kaza in 1915 62 A2.8. Statistics of Arthur Ruppin. City Population, 1915 62 A2.9. Statistics of Arthur Ruppin. Jewish Population in 1915 62 APPENDIX 3. MANDATE STATISTICS: POPULATION A3.1. Settled Population by Sex and Religion, 1922 to 1946 65 A3.2. Total Population by Sex and Subdistrict, 1922 and 1931 66 A3.3. Settled Population by Sex and Subdistrict, 1922 and 1931 66 A3.4. Nomadic Population by Sex and Subdistrict, 1922 and 1931 67 A3.5. Population by Distria and Religion and Variation, 1922 and 1931 67 A3.6. Proportional Strength of Religious Groups by Subdistria, 1922 and 1931 68 A3.7. Total Settled Population by Religion and Subdistria, 1931 and 1944 68 A3.8. Settled Population by Religion, Subdistria, Towns, and Villages, Estimate of December 31, 1946 69 X LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES A3.9. Population by Sex, Religion, and Subdistrict, 1922 70 A3.10. Population by District, with Percentage in each Religion, 1922 73 A 3 .ll. Christian Population by Distria and Sect, 1922 74 A3.12. Population by Religion, Sex, and Distria, 1931 75 A3.13. Population by Religion, Sex and Subdistrict, 1931 76 A3.14. Christian Population by Subdistria and Sea, 1931 78 A3.15. Nomadic Population by Subdistria, 1931 80 A3.16. Population by Mother Tongue, 1922 81 A3.17. Inhabitants of Municipalities by Mother Tongue, 1922 82 A3.18. Population by Mother Tongue, Sex, and Religion, 1931 84 A3.19. Birthplaces of Settled Population by Religion, 1931 85 A3.20. Birthplaces of the Settled Population by Religion, 1931 87 A3.21. Birthplaces of the Urban Population by Religion, 1931 88 A3.22. Citizenship by Sex, Religion, and Ethnic Group, 1931 90 A3.23. Indices of Population of Each Religion, 1922 to 1945 95 A3.24. Percentage of Each Religion in the Settled Population, 1922 to 1945 95 APPENDIX 4. MANDATE STATISTICS: AGE DISTRIBUTION A4.1. Population by Age Group, Sex, and Subdistria, 1922 99 A4.2. Urban Areas by Sex and Age Group 99 A4.3. Population of Palestine in 1931 by Age, Sex, and Religion 100 A4.4. The Population of Palestine by Age, Sex, and Religion 104 A4.5. Age Distribution per Hundred by Religion and Sex, 1926 to 1944 105 APPENDIX 5. MANDATE STATISTICS: BIRTHS AND FERTILITY A5.1. Births by Year, Sex, and Religion, 1922 to 1946 109 A5.2. Recorded Birth Rate by Religion, 1922 to 1946 110 A5.3. Masculinity of Births by Religion, 1922 to 1946 111 A5.4. Live Births by Place of Residence, 1943 112 A5.5. Births by Religion and Age and Sex of Parents, 1943 113 A5.6. Mothers of Children Bom in 1938 by Religion, Duration of Marriage, and Number of Children Born Alive 114 A5.7. Births in 1940 by Religion and Age of Parents 116 A5.8. Mothers of Children Born in 1940 by Age and Number of Children Born Alive 117 A5.9. Mothers of Children Born in 1940 by Number of Children Born Alive to Them and Religion 118 APPENDIX 6.
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