DOCSLIB.ORG

Bulbophyllum , Representatives of Three Other Bulbophyl- Chaseella

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bulbophyllum , Representatives of Three Other Bulbophyl- Chaseella A taxonomic revision of the ContinentalAfrican Bulbophyllinae J.J. Vermeulen Rijksherbarium, Leiden, The Netherlands Drawings by the author Summary This contains taxonomic revision of the with the paper a Bulbophyllinae, genera Bulbophyllum (including Cirrhopetalumand Megaclinium) and Chaseella, from continental Africa (including Bioko (Fernando Poo), For each Sao Tome, Principe, Annobon and Zanzibar). Keys are given to the genera and species. species full synonymy, descriptions, notes on distribution, habitat etc. and a line drawing are presented. Many colour Three taxa described: species are also illustrated by photographs. new are Bulbophyllum B. bidenticulatum and B. scaberulum var. crotalicaudatum. Some new subligaculiferum, ssp. joyceae combinations are made. The botanical terminology used is clarified. Introduction The largest genus of the pantropical subtribe Bulbophyllinae (sensu Dressier, 1981) is the genusBulbophyllum with an estimated number of 1000-1200species (c. 2200 des- cribed). The status of most of the other genera of the subtribe (some 10, totaling less than 100 species), is a matter upon which there is little agreement among botanists: some prefer to recognize them whereas others merely see them as infrageneric taxa within Bulbophyllum. In this paper a revision is presented of the continental African species of the genus. Continental Africa here includes Bioko (Fernando Poo), Sao Tome, Principe and Zanzibar. orchid Pagulu (Annobon), as well as The flora of these islands is essentially the same as that of the African continent. Excluded, however, are the Seychelles, the Comores, Madagascar, Reunion, Mauritius and the smaller islands in this area. The orchid flora of these islands is endemic and only shows a remote similarity with continental Africa. In additionto Bulbophyllum representatives of threeother of the , genera Bulbophyl- linae occur in continental Africa: Chaseella, Cirrhopetalum and Megaclinium. In the present revision only Chaseella is maintained as a genus (1 species). Cirrhopetalum (1 species in Africa) and Megaclinium (18 species) have been included in Bulbophyllum (68 species) as infrageneric groups. For the convenience of the user three figures and a glossary have been added explaining the botanical terminology used. Orchid Monographs 2 (1987) 1-300, figures A-D, 1-101 Opiates 1-11 1 THE GENUS BULBOPHYLLUM oldest known is from The name for the genus now as Bulbophyllum Phyllorkis Du Petit Thouars (1809). However, the later name Bulbophyllum, also from Du Petit Thouars (1822), was conserved because it became widely accepted. In his table to the genera and species of orchids, Du Petit Thouars mentionedit in the same column as such and other now accepted names as Cymbidium Epidendrum. The name Phyllorkis is mentioned in another column, apparently reserved for artificially made French names. Until the beginning of the 20th century the number of species described from Africa remained rather limited: Rolfe (1897), in the Flora of Tropical Africa mentioned 61 species (under Bulbophyllum and Megaclinium). In the first decades of this century, however, the genus became the happy hunting ground of authors such as Kranzlin, Schlechter and De Wildeman, each describing large numbers of new species. De Wildeman (1921), enumerated 165 species. After that the first local revision was executed by Summerhayes (1936), for the first edition of the Flora of West Tropical Africa. He was the first person who rightfully reduced a number of species to synonyms. This tendency towards a somewhat more practical and useful way of grouping was continued in his revision for the second edition of the same flora (1968), and by the recently published revision for the flora of Tropical East Africa by Cribb (1985). Other floristic work on African Bulbophyllum has hardly been done; the volumes of other large African flora projects (Flore du Cameroun, Flore du Gabon, Flore d'Afrique Centrale, Flora Zambeziaca) covering the genushave not yet been pub- lished. A revision of Bulbophyllum for the Flore d'Afrique Centralehas been prepared by the present author and will be published soon. Altogether, about 300 Bulbophyllum species have been described from Continental Africa. In the present revision 92 taxa have been recognized, 68 as species, 24 as subspecies and varieties. Thirteen species and 3 infrageneric taxa proved to be new. Most of these taxa have been described in 1984a already precursory papers (Vermeulen and b, 1986a and b), only one species and two infrageneric taxa are described new in the present paper. THE STATUS OF MEGACLINIUM AND CIRRHOPETALUM The genus Megaclinium was established by Lindley (1824). Although Reichenbach section f., as early as 1861, considered it merely a of Bulbophyllum, most 19th century authors followed Lindley. As in Bulbophyllum, the number of species described increased in the first decades of the 20th and the discussions the rapidly century as to status of Megaclinium gained impetus. Authors as Pfitzer and Kranzlin (in his later publications) still stuck to Lindley's point of view (Kranzlin even published a division into 3 sections in 1923). Others, however, became progressively convinced of the close similarity between Megaclinium and Bulbophyllum in spite of the singular shape of the rhachis in many species of the former genus. Schlechter (1915) gave short comments. De Wildeman(1921) kept Megaclinium only as a subgenus but never expressed himself 2 Orchid Monographs 2 (1987) in for the he described). on this matter (he made combinations both genera new species Summerhayes (1935) considered Megaclinium as a section of Bulbophyllum. cannot be but it is not to In my opinion Megaclinium kept as a genus yet possible division say in which infrageneric rank it will end up; this depends on the infrageneric whole. of Bulbophyllum as a First of all it must be stated that Megaclinium is probably a natural group (see the description of Group 5, below). However, giving a definitionof it, and of most of the is difficult. Often other infrageneric groups ever recognized in Bulbophyllum, very not is all of a single character can be found which shared by species a group; a group can only be defined by a combination of characters, each of which occurs in most, but not in other in all its species. Moreover, each character may separately occur species elsewhere. be included in it shows As a consequence, a species can already a group as soon as most, but not all characters of that group. defined When keeping Megaclinium as a genus, other groups by comparable combinations of characters, but often much less apparently natural should be raised to genus level as well. This would result in an endless row of small and ill defined genera. The recently performed studies on Dendrobiinaeby Brieger (1981) are deterrent examples of this procedure. During its life span of some 160 years the generic name Cirrhopetalum has similar in undergone a fate to that of Megaclinium. It was created by Lindley 1824, and formally merged into Bulbophyllum in 1861 by Reichenbach f. The discussions about its status have lasted until the present day. Arguments to keep Cirrhopetalum within Bulbophyllum are given by J.J. Smith Seidenfaden the is included in (1912) and (1973). In present paper Cirrhopetalum Bulbophyllum for reasons which come down to the same as those for Megaclinium. Since only one species of Cirrhopetalum occurs among the numerous Bulbophyllum species from Africa, I feel that the discussion should not be continued here. THE PREVIOUS INFRAGENERIC DIVISIONS OF BULBOPHYLLUM With the ever increasing number of species that became known to science, division of Bulbophyllum into subgenera and sections became necessary and much work has been done on this matter. For the framework made Madagascar species a was by Schlechter (1925). It was later refined by Perrier (1939) in his account for the Flore de Madagascar (1939). Later authors invariably used Perrier's division to fit in their new species. Asia sections For were described by several authors, often based on names of genera included in The now Bulbophyllum. only comprehensive survey was again by Schlechter for the of New Guinea. In of its (1912-13) numerous species spite many it it shortcomings appears that can be successfully applied as a frame for Asiatic species outside New Guinea as well. For South America a reasonable divisioninto sections was made by Cogniaux (1902). Viewed in this it is from light surprising that, apart the segregation of Megaclinium, Orchid Monographs 2 (1987) 3 the division of continental African Bulbophyllum has never got much beyond De Wildeman's (1921) establishmentof the subgenus Eubulbophyllum for everything that is not Megaclinium. Only very few other names at section level have been proposed, most of them only with the mentioning of a type species and without any remarks about the distinction between sections. INFRAGENERIC DIVISION OF CONTINENTAL AFRICAN BULBOPHYLLUM I am of the opinion that an infrageneric division which will survive inclusion of new information without the need for fundamentalchanges, will have to embrace the genus as a whole. No local classification, however useful it may be for identifying species, meets or can possibly meet this requirement. The Bulbophyllum species occurring in restricted area are never so much isolated that similarities with any morphological species outside that area can be ignored, as has been done in the past. Considering that the present state of knowledge is insufficient for a worldwide abstain from number of official section for approach I prefer to introducing a names of African below. This division follows the groups Bulbophyllum distinguished largely my earlier division of continentalAfrican Bulbophyllum (1982) except for the fact that many groups recognized there are lumped here. have been assembled follows: small numbers of similar The groups as looking species have served as cores. Less similar species were added to these cores, often blurring the distinctness between the cores and causing them to melt together. This was continued until the groups obtained reached a level comparable to the level circumscribed of Megaclinium as it was by previous authors.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Diversity of Wild Orchids in the Southern Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Eight Years After the 2010 Eruption
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 9, September 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 4457-4465 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210964 The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption FEBRI YUDA KURNIAWAN1,2,♥, FAUZANA PUTRI2,3, AHMAD SUYOKO2,3, HIMAWAN MASYHURI2,3, MAYA PURQI SULISTIANINGRUM2,3, ENDANG SEMIARTI3,♥♥ 1Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62-274-544975, email: [email protected] 2Biology Orchid Study Club (BiOSC), Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-274-580839, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21 August 2020. Revision accepted: 31 August 2020. Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulbophyllum Lamb, Spec
    BLUMEA 38 (1994) 335-348 Notes on Bulbophylunae(Orchidaceae) from Borneo J.J. Vermeulen & A. Lamb Summary all and one ofthe Trias are described, originat- Nine new species of the genus Bulbophyllum genus are ing from Borneo. Notes on two more Bornean species of Bulbophyllum given. additional the informationon BorneanBulbophyllum species given This paper is to The Trias is in Vermeulen (1991). It adds nine new species to the checklist. genus Two other Bulbo- recorded for the first time from Borneo, with one new species. have been reduced into phyllum species are mentionedwhich appear to incorrectly synonymy in Vermeulen (1991). 1. Bulbophyllum habrotinum J. J. Vermeulen & A. Lamb, spec. nov. (sect. Cirrhopetalum) — Fig. 1 adaxialiter Bulbophyllum habrotinumJ.J. Vermeulen & A. Lamb, a B. makoyano in labello verru- — Leiden cult. (De 913245 (L). coso differt. Typus: Vogel) 1-2.5 0.9-2.8 Rhizome creeping, 2.5-3 mm diam.Pseudobulbs ovoid, cm apart, Petiole 5-10 7- by 0.6-1.1 cm, somewhat flattened or not. mm. Leaf blade elliptic, index obtuse. 4.5-9 20 by 2-3 cm, 3.5-10, tip Inflorescence usually single, cm, 8 Rhachis 6-9-flowered. Peduncle 4.3-8.7 cm; bracts c. 4, the longest c. mm. Floral bracts 4-5 Pedicel and nodding, 0.2-0.3 cm. ovate, mm, tip acute. ovary Flowers in all the little 6-7 mm. pendulous, a whorl, open at same time, opening. 3.5-4 index often Median sepal elliptic, 4.2-4.5 by mm, 1.1-1.3, tip acuminate, rather thin; surface Lateral with a terminal hair; margins long ciliate; glabrous.
    [Show full text]
  • Australia Lacks Stem Succulents but Is It Depauperate in Plants With
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Australia lacks stem succulents but is it depauperate in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)? 1,2 3 3 Joseph AM Holtum , Lillian P Hancock , Erika J Edwards , 4 5 6 Michael D Crisp , Darren M Crayn , Rowan Sage and 2 Klaus Winter In the flora of Australia, the driest vegetated continent, [1,2,3]. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a water- crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), the most water-use use efficient form of photosynthesis typically associated efficient form of photosynthesis, is documented in only 0.6% of with leaf and stem succulence, also appears poorly repre- native species. Most are epiphytes and only seven terrestrial. sented in Australia. If 6% of vascular plants worldwide However, much of Australia is unsurveyed, and carbon isotope exhibit CAM [4], Australia should host 1300 CAM signature, commonly used to assess photosynthetic pathway species [5]. At present CAM has been documented in diversity, does not distinguish between plants with low-levels of only 120 named species (Table 1). Most are epiphytes, a CAM and C3 plants. We provide the first census of CAM for the mere seven are terrestrial. Australian flora and suggest that the real frequency of CAM in the flora is double that currently known, with the number of Ellenberg [2] suggested that rainfall in arid Australia is too terrestrial CAM species probably 10-fold greater. Still unpredictable to support the massive water-storing suc- unresolved is the question why the large stem-succulent life — culent life-form found amongst cacti, agaves and form is absent from the native Australian flora even though euphorbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Limestone Orchids in Selected Areas
    UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA DIVERSITY OF LIMESTONE ORCHIDS IN CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PADAWAN, KUCHING, SARAWAK MICHAEL LIM YEE LIANG FS 2008 14 DIVERSITY OF LIMESTONE ORCHIDS IN CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PADAWAN, KUCHING, SARAWAK MICHAEL LIM YEE LIANG MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA 2008 DIVERSITY OF LIMESTONE ORCHIDS IN CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PADAWAN, KUCHING, SARAWAK By MICHAEL LIM YEE LIANG Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Jan 2008 I certify that an Examination Committee has met on 11 January 2008 to conduct the final examination of Michael Lim Yee Liang on his Master of Science thesis entitled “Diversity of Limestone Orchids in Central and Northern Padawan, Kuching, Sarawak” in accordance with Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (Higher Degree) Act 1980 and Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (Higher Degree) Regulations 1981. The Committee recommends that the student be awarded the degree of Master of Science. Members of the Examination Committee were as follows: Hishamuddin Omar, PhD Lecturer Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia (Chairman) Janna Ong Abdullah, PhD Lecturer Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science Universiti Putra Malaysia (Internal Examiner) Umi Kalsom Yusuf, PhD Associate Professor Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia (Internal Examiner) Mohamed Abdul Majid, PhD Professor Faculty of Science University of Malaya (External Examiner) HASANAH MOHD. GHAZALI, PhD Professor and Deputy Dean School of Graduate Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Date: 1 April 2008 vii This thesis was submitted to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia and has been accepted as fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science.
    [Show full text]
  • The New York Botanical Garden
    Vol. XV DECEMBER, 1914 No. 180 JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden EDITOR ARLOW BURDETTE STOUT Director of the Laboratories CONTENTS PAGE Index to Volumes I-XV »33 PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN AT 41 NORTH QUBKN STRHBT, LANCASTER, PA. THI NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY OFFICERS 1914 PRESIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON „ „ _ i ANDREW CARNEGIE VICE PRESIDENTS J FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON TREASURER—JAMES A. SCRYMSER SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON BOARD OF- MANAGERS 1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1915 N. L. BRITTON W. J. MATHESON ANDREW CARNEGIE W GILMAN THOMPSON LEWIS RUTHERFORD MORRIS Term expire January. 1916 THOMAS H. HUBBARD FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON GEORGE W. PERKINS MVLES TIERNEY LOUIS C. TIFFANY Term expire* January, 1917 EDWARD D. ADAMS JAMES A. SCRYMSER ROBERT W. DE FOREST HENRY W. DE FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS THE MAYOR OP THE CITY OF NEW YORK HON. JOHN PURROY MITCHEL THE PRESIDENT OP THE DEPARTMENT OP PUBLIC PARES HON. GEORGE CABOT WARD 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS PROF. H. H. RUSBY. Chairman EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER PROF. R. A. HARPER THOMAS W. CHURCHILL PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) DR. W. A. MURRILL, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator (Flowering Plants) DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants) DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Plants) ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Curator GEORGE V.
    [Show full text]
  • Platanthera Chapmanii: Culture, Population Augmentation, and Mycorrhizal Associations
    Platanthera chapmanii: culture, population augmentation, and mycorrhizal associations By Kirsten Poff, B.S. A Thesis In Plant and Soil Science Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved Dr. Jyotsna Sharma Chair of Committee Dr. Scott Longing Dr. John Zak Dr. Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School August, 2016 © 2016, Kirsten Poff Texas Tech University, Kirsten Poff, August 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I would like to thank my mentor and advisor, Dr. Jyotsna Sharma for all of her help and support. She has challenged and encouraged me throughout my program and the duration of this project. Thanks to her, I am light-years ahead of where I was two years ago. Texas Parks and Wildlife is also gratefully acknowledged for funding portions of this study. I also wish to express my gratitude to Dr. John Zak for his enthusiasm and for encouraging my love of microbes. I also gratefully thank Dr. Scott Longing for his advice, and constructive comments. I sincerely thank all three committee members for all the time and energy they have spent on me throughout the duration of my project. I gratefully acknowledge Dr. Jason Woodward for his encouragement and recommendations as well. I also acknowledge Dr. Cynthia McKenney and Mr. Russel Plowman for their support; I now have a passion for teaching, and a much better understanding of what it is like to teach college level courses. I want to also thank Mr. Robby Carlson for his time and technological assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Jammu and Kashmir State (Family Asteraceae- Tribe
    Journal of Plant Biology Research 2015, 4(2): 73-82 eISSN: 2233-0275 pISSN: 2233-1980 http://www.inast.org/jpbr.html REGULAR ARTICLE Molecular Systematics of some Bulbophyllum species in Peninsular Malaysia based on ITS sequences Shahla Hosseini1* and Kourosh Dadkhah2 1 Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. 2 Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. ABSTRACT In this article, ITS sequences of 34 species in Bulbophyllum genus were researched. Alignment between ITS sequences from the species was performed, and discovered that average percentage sequence divergence (uncorrected p distance) within Bulbophyllum species was 9.87% and maximum in-group ITS divergence was 13.68% (between B. membranifolium with B. sulcatum). Molecular systematic analysis of ITS was revealed that, 34 species of Bulbophyllum were monophyletic and they were divided into six groups, which is partly inconsistent with the viewpoint of morphological classification of Bulbophyllum in Peninsular Malaysia. Keywords: Bulbophyllum, Classification, ITS Sequence, Orchidaceae, Peninsular Malaysia INTRODUCTION epiphytic and they are found in different habitats Bulbophyllum Thou. is the largest genus of ranging from (sub) tropical dry forests to wet subtribe Bulbophyllinae (Schlechter, 1926). More montane cloud forests and most of them are fly than 95% of the species in the subtribe belong in pollinated (Bartareau, 1994; Borba & Semir, 1998; the large genus Bulbophyllum, with more than Nishida et al., 2004; Tan et al., 2002; Teixeira et 2000 species found mostly in Asia (Seidenfaden & al., 2004). Orchids of the genus Bulbophyllum are Wood, 1992). Latest taxonomy (Seidenfaden & one of the important plants in Malaysia in terms of Wood, 1992) described the Bulbophyllum in 17 their abundance, but identification of sections with more than 100 species.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulbophyllum Trongsaense (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Dendrobieae), a New Species from Bhutan
    Phytotaxa 436 (1): 085–091 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.436.1.9 Bulbophyllum trongsaense (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Dendrobieae), a new species from Bhutan PHUB GYELTSHEN1*, DHAN BAHADUR GURUNG2 & PANKAJ KUMAR3* 1Department of Forest and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Trongsa, Bhutan. 2College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa, Bhutan. 3Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Lam Tsuen, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China. *For correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Bulbophyllum trongsaense is described as a new species from Trongsa district of Bhutan. Detailed morphological description, distribution, phenology, ecology and colour photographs are provided along with comparison with B. amplifolium to which it shows closest affinity. Keywords: Bulbophyllum amplifolium, B. nodosum, Endangered Introduction Orchidaceae is the largest and most diverse family of flowering plants (Pearce & Cribb 2002, Gurung 2006, Chase et al. 2015) consisting over 28,000 species in 736 genera with new species increasing day by day (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). Orchids occupy almost all habitats on earth except the glaciers; however, they show highest diversity in the tropics (Gurung 2006). Bhutan, the part of Eastern Himalayan Hotspot is home to rich flora and fauna. Pearce & Cribb (2002) recorded 369 species for Bhutan and about 579 species from other Himalayan regions, but this number is surely an underestimate and Bhutan is likely to harbor around 500 species as many parts of the country are still under surveyed (Pearce & Cribb 2002, Gurung 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • In This Issue
    The Orchid Society of Karnataka (TOSKAR) Newsletter – September 2014 In This Issue: Beginners’ Section by Dr K.S. Shashidhar Water Quality by Sri Sriram Kumar Cattleyas by Sri Suresh Kalyanpur Spathoglottis by Smt Nalini Kottolli Orchid Breeding in India by Dr S. Hegde Orchid Scenario in India by Dr K.S. Shashidhar Orchid Events Field Trip Exhibition at CKP Cover Illustration: Laeliocattleya Casitas Springs ‘Linden’ By Dr S.Hegde Beginners Section Dr. K.S. Shashidhar Watch out how you take care of your Orchids!!! There is a feeling among most of the people who have gardening as a hobby that, orchids are difficult plants to grow and need lot of attention and care. Contrary to this belief, they are the easiest to grow provided you ‘listen to them’, ‘watch them’ and provide ‘what they want’. Once they are settled with your care, they live happily and make you enjoy their floral beauty. Well, I know it sounds easy, as the saying goes ‘it is easier said than done’ in most of the cases. But then, to achieve something good we have to make some efforts. Let us see some of the important parameters one has to take into account to successfully grow orchids. Before we look into these factors, give a thought about the way orchid grows in nature and what nature provides them. The whole process of growing orchids involves, trying to copy what nature provides and try to replicate the same (to the extent possible). I will start with selection of plant and move on to briefly discuss the other important factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomenclatural Changes in Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae)
    Phytotaxa 166 (2): 101–113 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.2.1 Nomenclatural changes in Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae) JAAP J. VERMEULEN1, ANDRÉ SCHUITEMAN2 & EDUARD F. DE VOGEL3 1Jk.art and science, Lauwerbes 8, 2318 AT Leiden, The Netherlands; E-mail: [email protected] 2Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AE, UK; E-mail: [email protected] 3Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract New combinations in Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) are made to correspond to the revised classification of the genus in Genera orchidacearum, vol. 6. Several new sections introduced in that publication are formally described and validated here. Key words: Bulbophyllinae, Dendrobieae, infrageneric classification, large genera Introduction Opinions about the number of genera within the former subtribe Bulbophyllinae (now subsumed in the tribe Dendrobieae) vary between extremes. Some recognized only a few small satellite genera in addition to the mega- genus Bulbophyllum, e.g. Vermeulen (1996), whereas others, e.g. Clements & Jones (2002) and Szlachetko & Margońska (2001), divided the genus into numerous smaller genera. Over the years, more than 50 generic names have been proposed in addition to Bulbophyllum. In Genera orchidacearum (Pridgeon et al. 2014), supported by unpublished DNA studies by Gravendeel and coworkers, only a single genus is recognized within the former Bulbophyllinae. However, that publication presents only the outline of a revised classification of Bulbophyllum. A more detailed account of the Asian and Australian sections of Bulbophyllum is in preparation by the authors.
    [Show full text]
  • 142. BULBOPHYLLUM Thouars, Hist. Orchid., Tabl. Esp. 3. 1822, Nom
    Flora of China 25: 404–440. 2009. 142. BULBOPHYLLUM Thouars, Hist. Orchid., Tabl. Esp. 3. 1822, nom. cons. 石豆兰属 shi dou lan shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Jaap J. Vermeulen Phyllorkis Thouars. Herbs, epiphytic. Rhizome usually rather long, creeping or hanging, usually bearing a series of pseudobulbs, very rarely without pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs well spaced to clustered on rhizome, each with a single joint. Leaves 1 or rarely 2 or 3, arising from apex of pseudobulbs or very rarely directly from rhizome; leaf blade usually leathery, varying in size. Scape arising laterally from base of a pseudobulb or from a node of rhizome; inflorescence usually racemose or umbellate, 1- to many flowered; floral bracts often small. Flowers small to large. Sepals subequal in size or lateral sepals much longer than dorsal one; lateral sepals free or ± connate on lower or upper edges, base adnate to column foot forming a short mentum. Petals free, usually smaller than sepals; lip often hinged to end of column foot, mobile or sometimes immobile, usually fleshy and recurved. Column short, winged, base with a distinct foot; wings often dilated to form teeth or stelidia; anther 2-locular, sometimes 1-locular; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, waxy, without appendages, sometimes attached to sticky substance. About 1,900 species: largely in tropical areas of both Old and New Worlds; 103 species (33 endemic) in 18 sections in China. Bulbophyllum formosanum (Rolfe) K. Nakajima (Biol. Mag. Okinawa 10: 36. 1973; Cirrhopetalum formosanum Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 372. 1914), described from Taiwan, is a doubtful species.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix: Orchid Potting Mixtures - an Abridged Historical Review 1
    Appendix: Orchid potting mixtures - An abridged historical review 1 T. J. SHEEHAN Introduction There is little doubt that potting media development over time has been the salvation of orchid growers (Bomba, 1975). When epiphytic orchids were first introduced into England and other European countries in the 18th century growers could not envision plants growing in anything but soil. '"Peat and loam' were good for everything and frequently became the mass murderers of the first generation of epiphytic orchids," Hooker is believed to have said around the end of the 19th century; England had become the graveyard of tropical orchids. Undoubtedly this was in reference to the concern individuals were having over the potting media problems. This problem also drew the attention of such noted individuals as John Lindley and Sir Joseph Paxton, as well as the Gardener's Chronicle, who noted that "The Rule of Thumb" had nothing to say about orchid growing; it was only effective in orchid killing (Bomba 1975). Fortunately, the ingenuity of growers solved the problem as innovative potting mixes evolved over the years. After visiting a number of orchid growing establishments it immediately becomes obvious to any orchid grower, professional or hobbyist, that orchids, both epiphytic and terrestrial, will grow in a wide variety of media. It has often been stated that epiphytic orchids can be grown in any medium except soil as long as watering and fertilization are adjusted to fit the mix being used. Ter­ restrial orchids seem to thrive in any medium that contains 40% or more organic matter. Reading cultural recommendations from the early days of orchid growing is most interesting and highly recommended.
    [Show full text]