Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00236-4 — the 1967 Arab-Israeli War Edited by Wm Roger Louis, Avi Shlaim Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00236-4 — The 1967 Arab-Israeli War Edited by Wm Roger Louis, Avi Shlaim Index More Information

Index

Awdat al-Wai (The Return of Al-hazima wa al-idioligia Consciousness,Hakim),292 al-mahzouma (The Defeat and Aflaq, Michel, 278 the Defeated Idiology,Hafiz), 1948 Palestine War, 295 296 30 March Programme, 78 al-Jamaat al-Islamiya (Islamic Amidat al-nakba (The Pillars of Groups), 307, 311 Disaster, al-Munajjid), 298 al-kifah al-musallah (armed struggle), Abd al-Majid, Ahmed, 306 282 Abd al-Majid, Wahid, 310 Allahu Akbar (God is Great), 308 Abdullah I, King, 99 Allon, Yigal, 31, 33, 39–40, 45, 49, Abtal al-Awda (Heroes of the Return), 53–4 135 al-Munajjid, Salah al-Din, 298 Adams, Philip, 232, 246 al-Nahar (newspaper), 87 Aden, 14, 17, 159–64 al-naksa, 295 group, 160–2 Alphand, Herve,´ 249–50, 254 Protectorate, 150 al-Qadi, Anwar, 155 Admoni, Nahum, 121 al-qarar al-filastini al-mustaqil (the Aflaq, Michel, 80–1 independent Palestinian Ahmed, Rafat Sayyid, 310 decision), 284 al-Azm, Sadiq Jalal, 297 Al Saud dynasty (Saudi Arabia), 156 Al-Ahram, 71, 77 al-Tanzim al-Sirri (a Secret al-Arish, 42 Apparatus), 305 Al-Asifa (Fatah’s military wing), al-Wahab al-Masiri, Abed, 310 131 al-Zayat, Mountasser, 311 al-Badr, Imam, 152 Amara, Mohmmad, 310 al-Bushri, Tariq, 310 amber light, the, 14, 38–40, 175–7, Al-din wa al-thawra in Egypt 212, 227 (Religion and Revolution in Amer, Abdel-Hakim, 58, 61–3, 65, 67, Egypt, Hanafi), 307 69, 71, 74, 76, 113, 118, 150, Algeria, 247–9, 257, 265 158, 205, 209, 213, 225, 248

315

316 Index

Amery, Julian, 14, 120, 160 Bath party (Syria), 7, 11, 19, 25, Amin, Samir, 297 80–6, 90, 145, 197, 200, 268 Amit, Meir, 37–40, 101, 175–7 Alawite, 83, 275 Anderson, Robert, 173 conflicts within, 81–3, 86–91 an-Naksah (the setback), 291 Druze, 83, 275 TheArabColdWar:Abd al-Nasir and Egypt, 105 and his Rivals, 1958–70 (Kerr), Ismailis, 275 7, 135, 269, 271 neo-, 83, 133, 265, 275 Arab League, 109, 160 opposition to Nasserists, 83 Arab Liberation Front, 145 and Palestinian movement, 86, 104 Arab Nationalist Movement, 128, 132 Pro-Arab Command of, 279 Arab Socialist Union (ASU), 296 Regional Command of, 279 Arab summit (1964), 276 Sunni, 83 Arab unity, 4, 11, 19, 80, 104, 126, support of Farah, 132 128, 226, 265, 267, 279–80, Battle of Karameh (March 1968), 141 284, 293, 301, 310 Battle, Lucius, 165, 169 Arabism, 246, 264 Bayhan, 160 Arafat, Yasir, 13, 128, 138–9 Beeley, Harold, 238–9 Archangel, 214 Beersheba, 117 Argentina, 240, 252 Begin, Menachem, 33, 45, 54, 190 Aron, Raymon, 261 Ben-Gurion, David, 28, 31, 33, 168, Aronson, Shlomo, 195 248, 261 Article 51 (UN Charter), 166 Bennett, Erik, 121 asabiya (activism), 297 Bethlehem, 47 Asad, Bashar al-, 82, 94 Bevin, Ernest, 221 Asad, Hafiz al-, 83, 87, 89, 92, 94–5, Big Lie, the, 11, 17, 117, 229, 233, 200, 275, 277, 279 257, 263 Ashton, Nigel, 123 Bitar, Salah al-Din, 80–2 Assad, Hafiz al-, 132 Bitar, Salah al-Din al-, 269, 278 Atasi, Nur al-Din al-, 51, 96 Bittar, Nadim, 295 Atherton, Alfred, 165 Black September, 146–7 Atzmon (Israeli war plan), 41 Bourguiba, Habib, 257 Brazil, 240 Badr, Imam, 149 Brenchley, Frank, 237, 243 Badran, Shams, 65–9, 72, 76–7, 151, Brezhnev, Leonid, 16, 194, 204, 209, 207, 214 214 Baghdadi, Abdul Latif, 75 Brown, George, 17, 206, 221–2, Baghdad Pact, 216 237–8, 243 Balfour, Arthur, 17 Bull, Odd, 45, 113 Balfour Declaration, 17, 220, 234–46 Bunche, Ralph, 228–9 The Balfour Declaration (Stein), 244 Bundy, McGeorge, 172, 180, 188 Banias, 49 Burns, 187 Banias River, 88 Barbour, Walworth, 120, 171, 173 Callaghan, James, 223 Bar-Lev, Chaim, 42 Camp David Accord (1978), 190 Bassiouny, Salah, 59, 68, 213 Canada, 252

Index 317

Caradon, Lord (Hugh Mackintosh de Murville, Maurice Couve, 254 Foot), 17, 185–6, 220, 228, Denmark, 252 235–43 d’Estaing, Valery´ Giscard, 260 Carmel, Moshe, 34 Dimona (nuclear power plant), 18, 27, Carter, Jimmy, 190 32, 168, 195, 248 Chariot of Israel (Wilson), 221 Din, Ahmed Baha al-, 296 cheque-book diplomacy, 308 Douglas-Home, Alec, 160 Chuvakhin, Dmitrii, 202, 206 Dulles, John Foster, 183, 226 Clausewitz, Karl von, 32 Dusk (Egyptian war plan), 67 Clifford, Clark, 174, 180 Cobban, Helena, 143 Eban, Abba, 29, 37, 45, 53, 67, 168, Cold War, 18, 56, 98, 123, 149, 167, 173, 186, 203, 206, 237, 251, 194, 197 253 Arab, 80, 91, 97, 104–7, 271 diplomatic failure of, 34 and the Middle East, 249, 258 Eden, Anthony, 159, 247 Soviet deterrence in, 195 Egypt, 7, 56–78, 147, 149, 195 communism, and Islam, 216 1949 armistice with Israel, 4 Congo, 228 escalating the prewar conﬂict, Conqueror (qahir¯ , Egyptian war plan), 66–74 58, 67 and France in Yemen, 161 Cooper, John “Johnny,” 162 Israeli intervention miscalculation Crossman, Richard, 222–3, 234, on, 25 242–5 prewar perceptions of threats Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962), against, 56 217 relations with the United States, Curzon, 17 56–9, 180 Czechoslovakia, 218 and Saudi Arabia, 310 and Saudi Arabia in Yemen, 156–9 Damascus, 16, 25, 57, 89, 92–3, 95, and the Soviet Union, 201–2 170, 205–6, 257, 278 and Syria, 105–6, 267–9 Daoud, 114 Yemeni intervention of, 270–1 Dawisha, 301 Egyptian Islamic Jihad, 311 Dawn (Egyptian war plan), 67, 69 Egyptian-Jordanian Joint Defence Dayan, Moshe, 9, 33–4, 39–40, 46, Agreement (May 1967), 44, 70, 93, 120, 187, 228 108, 136, 174 and direction of Six-Day War, Egyptian-Syrian Mutual Defence Pact 53 (November 1966), 26, 57, 60, and the Syrian front, 48–53 89, 98, 105, 202, 204 Dean, Patrick, 234 Eid, Sayyid, 306 de Gaulle, Charles, 18, 226–7, 247–9, Eilat, 27, 30, 40, 63, 67 251–5, 257–63 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 15, 29, 166, Arab policy of, 263 183, 191, 226 demilitarized zones (DMZs), 25, 49, El Arish, 31 84–5, 88 Elazar, David (Dado), 48, 50 Democratic Front for the Liberation El-Bitar, Nadim, 302 of Palestine, 127 El-Gamasy, 154, 163

318 Index

El-Hosary, Sati, 302 Feki, Ahmed Hassan al-, 73, 213 Eshkol, Levi, 29–30, 33–7, 40–4, Filastinuna (Our Palestine), 129, 49–52, 168, 205 283 and direction of Six-Day War, 53 First Arab Summit (1964), 129 and France, 251 Foot, Paul, 242 and the IDF, 102 Ford, Robert, 196, 211 and Israeli expansion, 9 Fortas, Abe, 15, 168, 174, 176, 182, and Israel’s conﬂicted identity, 24, 191 55 Four Powers, 249 and Jordan, 12, 45, 47 France, 5, 14, 247–63 and Syria, 93, 170, 215 Arab policy of, 247 and troops massed on Syrian and Egypt in Yemen, 161 border, 206 and Israel in Yemen, 161–2 upholding prewar status quo, 25 neutrality of, 249, 260, 262 urging deescalation, 66 Evron, Ephraim (Eppie), 15, 168, 176, Gahal (Israeli political party), 33 182, 186–7, 191 Gaza, 61, 236, 243, 251, 260–1 Strip, 18, 41–2, 61, 94, 106, 129, Faisal, Crown Prince, 158 138, 140, 263, 283 Faisal, King, 255 as an Israeli war objective, 31 Fajr (Operation Dawn), 30 George, Lloyd, 244 Farid, Abdel Magid, 68, 77 Gerges, Fawaz, 6 Fatah (PLO guerrilla faction), 13, 19, Ghalyoun, Burhan, 298 25, 85, 100, 126, 128–34, Ghani, Ali Abd al-, 152 197 Ghanim, Fathi, 153 challenging the PLO, 131 Giddi Pass, 43 and Egypt, 134–5 Ginor, Izabella, 195 and Egyptian-Syrian rivalry, 135 Glass, Lesley, 228, 236–8 and Jordan, 135–6 Glavnoye Razvedyvatelnoye Nasser’s attempt to discredit, 133 Upravleniye (GRU, Soviet and Syrian-Jordanian rivalry, 136 military intelligence), 198 as Syrian puppet organization, 134 Gluska, Ami, 25 Fawzi, Mahmoud, 61 Golan Heights, 2, 9, 11, 48–52, 79, Fawzi, Mohamed, 58, 60–1, 63, 303 93–6, 98, 190, 257 Fayek, Mohamed, 69, 71, 76 Goldberg, Arthur, 16, 177, 181, 186, Faysal I, King, 283 190, 238, 240–2 Faysal, King, 204 Gomaa, Shaarawi, 303 fedayeen (commandos), 13, 132–43, Gomułka, Waldyslaw, 207 148, 312 Gore-Booth, Paul, 231–2, 238 role of, during Six-Day War, 138 Great Arab Rebellion (1936–9), 127 state restrictions on, 133, 139–40 Great Britain, 5, 13, 18, 219–46 state support of, 77, 84, 132, 134, in Aden, 159 140, 142 and Yemeni royalist movement, and Syria, 147 150, 159–62 Federation of South Arabia, 159 Grechko, Andrei, 194, 214 Feinberg, Abraham, 15, 168, 177, Gromyko, Andrei, 202, 208 180–1, 183, 191 Gromyko-Goldberg formula, 238, 240

Index 319

Gulf of Aqaba, 10, 16, 26–7, 63–6, Hod, Motti, 36 72, 166, 223, 251–5 Hodeidah, 162 gunboat diplomacy, 214 Holocaust, 32 Hope, Peter, 237, 240 Habash, George, 128, 282 Hourani, Albert, 290 Habib, Kamal, 311 Howeidy, Amin, 75 Haddad, Wadi, 128 Hussein, Adel, 310 Hadded, Wadi, 282 Hussein bin Talal, King, 11–13, 43–6, Hadidi, Salal al-Din al-, 151 48, 71, 73, 99, 104, 106, 111, Hadow, Michael, 120, 202, 230, 233, 186–7, 210, 232–3, 259 245 on Israeli objectives, 22 Hafiz, Amin al-, 82, 87, 275, 279 perceptions of Israeli intentions, Hafiz, Yasin al-, 296 123 Haikal, Muhammad Hasanayn, Hussein the Sharif of Mecca, 99, 268 123 Hakim, Tawfig al-, 291–3, 296 Husseini, Haj Amin al-, 130 Halliday, Fred, 302 Huwaydi, Amin, 151 Hamid al-Din dynasty (Yemen), 156 Hammarskold,¨ Dag, 228 Ilichev, Leonid Federovich, 211 Hanafi, Hassan, 307, 310 imperialism, 249 Harakabi, Yehoshafat, 142 as threat to Egypt, 56, 229 Harib, 154, 160 India, 240 Harman, Avraham, 168 influence, Soviet spheres of, 195–7, Hashemite regime (Jordan), 12, 94 215–16 Eban’s perspective on, 43 Iran, 188, 311 Eshkol’s perspective on, 43, 48 Iraq, 30, 108, 110, 158, 201, 265 Iraqi Free Officer coup against, 270 Bath coup in (February 1963), 80, Palestinian opposition to, 13, 145 82, 279, 282 Hassan, Khalid al-, 144–5 Irgun (Zionist paramilitary group), Hassan, Prince, 120 168 Hatum, Salim, 87 Israel “hawamish al daftar al-naksa” and Arab unification, 80 (“Footnotes in Setback’s conflicted prewar identity of, 24–6, Notebook,” Qabbani), 295 53–4 Hawatmeh, Nayef, 127 Defence Force (IDF), 9, 12, 25, 41, Hayman, Paul, 237 48, 100 Healey, Denis, 222, 224 deterrent power of, 32, 35, 37 Heath, Edward, 242–3 and France in Yemen, 161–2 Hebron, 47, 102, 116 Greater, 236, 245 Heikal, Mohamed Hasanein, 8, 27–8, massing forces on Syrian border, 60, 71, 91, 309 203, 207–8 Heikal, Muhammud Hasanayn, 91 military capability of, 212 Helms, Richard, 175–6, 178, 180 state of, 4 History of the Arab Peoples Israeli-Lebanese Armistice (1949), (Hourani), 290 4 HMS Hermes, 234 Israeli-Syrian Armistice Agreement HMS Victorious, 234 (1949), 4, 49, 85

320 Index

Jabl Libni, 31, 42 Jordanian-Egyptian Joint Defence Jadid, Salah, 82–3, 87, 95, 145, 200, Agreement (May 1967), 44, 70, 275, 277 108, 136, 174 Jarring, Gunnar, 274 Juma, Saad, 103, 109 Jebb, Gladwyn, 239 Jedid, Salah, 279 Karame, Rashid, 230 Jenin, 102 Kardom (Israeli war plan), 42–3 Jenkins, Roy, 221 Katz, Katriel, 208 Jericho, 46–7, 102, 116 Kenan, Naftali, 121 Jerusalem, 10, 12, 45, 102, 118–20, Kennedy, John F., 217 124, 127, 207, 239, 245 Kerr, Malcolm, 7, 82, 105, 135, East, 18, 94, 180, 186–7, 238 269–71, 300 uniﬁcation of, 46, 48, 238, Kfar Saba, 120 260 Kfar Syrkin, 45 West, 43–4, 186 Khalaf, Salah (Abu Iyad), 131, 138, Jidda Agreement (August 1965), 144, 283 158 Khammash, Amer, 110 Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 14–16, Khartoum Arab summit (1968), 165–92, 238 274 and Abba Eban, 34 Khartoum summit (August 1967), and Egypt, 8, 15, 286 288, 299, 308 and Goldberg-Gromyko, 241 Khrushchev, Nikita, 268 and Great Britain, 227 Kiesinger, Kurt, 261 Middle East diplomacy of, 8, 15, Kissinger, Henry, 189 38, 184, 189–90, 192, 212, Komer, Robert, 189 227, 253, 272 Kosygin, Alexei, 180, 191, 194, 238, Middle East disengagement of, 254, 258 165 Krim, Arthur, 15, 78, 168, 174, 181, and Palestinian refugees, 184 191 principles for Middle Eastern peace, Krim, Mathilde, 15, 168, 174, 184, 187 181 recommends Irsaeli restraint, 29 Kuwait, 30, 158–9, 237, reluctance to support Israeli 308 preemptive action, 35 Kuznetsov, Vasili Vasilyevich, 240–1 and Resolution 33–7, 165 on secure and agreed borders, Laqueur, Walter, 197 187 Laroui, Abdallah, 297 and Syria, 97 Latrun salient, 43, 47 Jordan, 7, 12, 43–8, 81, 99–125, 210, Laurens, Henry, 262 232–3 Lebanon, 59, 147, 158, 247, 262 1949 armistice with Israel, 4 War, 54 and Saudi Arabia in Yemen, 157–8 Levinson, Larry, 182 and Syria, 104 Lewis, Bernard, 197 and the United States of America, Lewis, Samuel, 165 118, 125 Libya, 78, 265, 308 and Yemeni royalist movement, Lion (Egyptian war plan), 67 150 Lior, Israel, 53, 86

Index 321

Macmillan, Harold, 159 Murtagi, 71 Mahfouz, Naguib, 289, 291 Murtaji, Abd al-Muhsin Kamil, 205 Mahmoud, Sidqi, 10, 69, 75 Muslim Brotherhood, 90, 128, 133, Makhos, Ibrahim, 249, 254, 301, 305–7 273 Mutawi, Samir, 105 Mali, 240 My “War” with Israel (Hussein), 116 mana al-nakba (The Meaning of Disaster, Zurayk), 297 Nablus, 47, 102 Marakat al-hadara (The Battle of Naguib, Gamal, 70 Civilizations, Zurayk), 297 Najran, 157 Mari, Sayyid, 76 Naksah (setback), 147 Marib, 154 Narkis, Uzi, 46–7 Mashour, Mustafa, 306 Nasir, Abd al-, 82 Mattar, Gamil, 309 Nasr, Salah, 69, 77 McLean, Neil “Billy,” 161 Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 6–8, 10–14, 17, McNamara, Robert, 38, 67, 175, 183, 19–20, 54, 56–78, 226, 250, 212 278, 283 Meir, Golda, 33, 166, 171, 189 anticommunist campaign Middle East (1958–61), 216 Great Power interest in, 5–6 Arab socialism of, 217 instability brinkmanship of, 6, 26, 106, 150, dimensions of, 3–6 163, 226, 233 Milestones (Qutb), 305 devises defensive strategy, 30–1 Milner, 17, 244 expectations of political vistory, min al-muhit ila al-khalij, 267 72 Mina al-naksa ila al-thawra (From expectations of solidarity with Naska to Revolution, Bittar), Soviet Union, 73 295 expectations of United States of Mitla Pass, 43 America, 73–4, 95, 117 Mitterrand, Franc¸ois, 260 goals for Yemeni intervention, 156 Mixed Armistice Commission, 101 as Israeli dupe, 22 Mixed Armistice Committees (MACs), and pan-Arabism, 298–303 85 positive neutralism of, 216, 218 Mohieddin, Zakaria, 70, 76 pro-Soviet neutralism, 218 Moked (plan), 31 as regional revolutionary, 200 Mollet, Guy, 247 response to Israeli troop massing, Monakov, Mikhail, 198 29 Moore, A. R., 238 and Yemeni conﬂict, 163 Morocco, 249, 257 National Religious Party (Israel), 33 Morozov, Boris, 198 nationalism Morris, Willie, 222, 225, 234 Arab, 19–20, 84, 106, 233, 247, Mount Scopus, 43, 47–8, 113, 115–16 264–84, 288, 302 Movement of Arab Nationalists and Egypt, 267–74 (MAN), 266, 281–4 and Hussein, 44, 99, 123 Mughny, Abd al-, 152 and Nasser, 11, 302 Muhieddine, Zakariyya, 173 and Palestinians, 128 Murmansk, 214 and Syria, 86, 275–80

322 Index

nationalism (cont.) and Nasser, 298–303 Egyptian, 266 and pan-Islamism, 302, 304–7 oil, 310 and Sadat, 303–7 Palestinian, 12–13, 127–34, 147, pan-Islamism, 285, 287, 300 280–4 and pan-Arabism, 302, 304–7 Volksgeist, 82 and Sadat, 303–7 Negev, 30, 67 pan-Islamist movement, 20 Netanya, 45, 120 Parker, Richard, 90 Netherlands, 252 Pearson, Lester “Mike,” 227 Nigeria, 240 Peled, Mattityahu, 37 Nixon, Richard, 188, 257 Peres, Shimon, 33, 70, 161 Nolte, Richard, 64, 73, 170 Petro dollar, 310–11 Norway, 252 PL480 food assistance, 169 Noufal, 62, 70 Polish United Workers Party (PZPR), 207 O’Connell, Jack, 44, 107, 109, 111, Politburo, 193, 198, 204 116 Pompidou, Georges, 263 October 1973 War, 308 Popular Defence Army (Syria), 88 ODD (Orderly, Dignified, and Popular Front for the Liberation of Deliberate) withdrawal, 228 Palestine (PFLP), 140–1, Operation Dawn (Fajr), 30 145–6, 148, 282 Operation Tariq, 116 populist etatisme (populist state Oren, Michael, 175, 198 capitalism), 285 Ottoman Empire, 5, 99 Pozhidaev, Dimitri, 207 Primakov, Evgenii, 213 Palestine, 70 Arabs in, 4 Qabbani, Nizar, 293–5 British mandate over, 3 Qadir, Lutfi Abd al-, 199 nationalist movement in, 12–13, qalb al-uruba al-nabidh (the beating 126–48, 144 heart of Arabism), 280 partition of, 3 Qalqilyah, 102 refugees from, 4, 13, 120, 127–8, Qiyada Qawmiyya, 279 138, 184, 232, 239, 261, 274 Qizan, 157 Palestine Liberation Army (PLA), 130, Quandt, William, 8, 165, 176, 137, 140–1 225 Palestine Liberation Front (PLF), 132, Quebec, 260 140 Qunaytra, 93 Palestine Liberation Organization Qutb, Said, 305 (PLO), 12, 19, 126, 128, 130, 276 Rabin, Yitzhak, 25, 28–9, 33, 36, 42, and Fatah, 282 46–50, 101, 134, 170 flag of, on Caradon’s casket, 242 Radwan, Fathi, 77 Palestinian National Council (PNC), Rafael, Gideon, 177 130, 143 Rafah, 42 Palestinian Popular Organization, 135 Rafi (Israeli political party), 33 pan-Arabism, 2, 20, 124, 156, 285, Ramallah, 47–8, 102 288, 293, 297, 301 Ramat David, 45

Index 323

Ramtha, 104 Said, Ahmed, 67 Raphael, Gideon, 240 Saiqa (Palestinian commando group), Red Sea Regatta, 227 145 refugees, 124 Sallal, Abdullah al-, 152 Remez, Ahron, 121 Samu, 12, 57 Remez, Gideon, 195 raid on, 100–4, 136 Resolution 188 (UN Security Sandstorm (secret talks), 187 Council), 160 Sapir, Yosef, 33 Resolution 242 (UN Security Saud, King, 156 Council), 16, 96, 166, 185–8, Saudi Arabia, 20, 78, 81, 96, 108, 219–46, 274 133, 156–9, 200, 237, 270, ambiguity of language in, 18, 167, 273, 286, 300, 311 185, 235, 241, 261 and Egypt, 310 and Great Britain, 220 in Yemen, 156–9 and Lyndon Johnson, 165, 184 and Islamic solidarity, 286 and Syria, 97 and Yemeni royalist movement, Resolution 338 (UN Security 150 Council), 97 Saunders, Harold, 165, 172, 177, Riad, Mahmoud, 61, 64, 70, 182 78 Sawt al-Arab, 274 Riches, Derek, 230 Sawt al-Asafa (Voice of the Storm), Rifai, Zaid, 116 88 Rikhye, Indar Jit, 60, 62, 71 Sayigh, Yazid, 137 River Jordan, 9, 25, 47, 236 Schiff, Zeev, 81 Arab-Israeli dispute over, 57 SCNSC, 183 and Israel’s National Water Carrier Seale, Patrick, 83, 268 project, 84, 272, 276 Second Arab Summit, 130 Riyad, Abd al-Munim, 105, 108, Segev, Tom, 175 112, 116, 124 Semenov, Vladimir, 204, 210 Riyad, Mahmud, 269 Shaﬁq, Munir, 310 Roi, Yaacov, 197 Shapira, Yaacov Shimshon, 36 Rogers, William, 188, 274 Sharaf, Sami, 303 Rostow, Eugene, 172–4, 227 Sharkawy, 61 Rostow, Walt, 15, 177–81, 186, 226, Sharm al-Sheikh, 42, 61–3, 65, 166, 230 170, 181 Rusk, Dean, 15, 35, 53, 68, 114, 120, Sharon, Ariel, 37, 140, 187 170, 173, 178–9, 186, 188, Shay, Shaul, 198 227, 234, 238, 253 Shazar, Zalman, 168 Ruz al-Yusif, 152 Shazly, Saad al-Din, 67–8 Shchiborin, A. D., 208 Sabri, Ali, 71, 303 Sheikh Jarah, 48 Sadat, Anwar, 20, 58, 78, 147, 204, Shemesh, Moshe, 102 218, 267, 288 Shimshon der nebechdikker (poor and Egyptian nationalism, 266 little Samson), 24 and pan-Arabism, 303–7 Short, Edward, 243 and pan-Islamism, 303–7 Shuqairi, Ahmed, 108–9, 126, 129, and the petro dollar, 310–11 137, 141

324 Index

Sinai, 26, 29–30, 34, 38, 58–60, 66, Suez Canal, 9, 43, 78, 109, 188, 74, 94, 236, 251 238–9, 266 Peninsula, 166 Company, 226, 233 War, 52 crisis (1956), 99, 166, 170, 225, Six-Day War (5–10 June 1967) 228, 251 Arab perspectives on, 22 Group, 160 Arab perspectives on outcome of, War (1956), 5, 27, 29, 42, 54, 65, 290–8 105 causes of, 1–2 Suri, Jeremi, 211 cease-ﬁre, 181 Syria, 7, 11–12, 19, 48–53, 58–60, confused run-up to, 23 79–98, 158, 202, 265 consequences of, 2 and Egypt, 105–6 as a crisis slide, 6 and Israel, 24, 92–3 Egypt and the, 56–78 and Jordan, 104 Israeli perspective on, 22 and the United States of America, Israeli territorial expansion, 52–3 89–90 Israeli war aims for, 41–4 Syrian-Egyptian Defence Agreement Jordanian front of, 43–8 (November 1966), 26, 48, 57, primary sources on, 23 60, 89, 98, 105, 204 Syrian front of, 48–53 Syrian-Israeli Armistice Agreement United States and, 188–92 (1949), 4, 49, 85 Smiley, David, 161 Syrian syndrome, 86, 134 Smith, Jock, 121 socialism, 154 Taif, 157 Socialist Laws (Egypt, July 1961), 217 Tal, Rami, 51 Soviet military intelligence (GRU), Talal bin Abd al-Aziz, Prince, 193 156 Soviet secret service (KGB), 193 Tal Azaziat, 49 Soviet Union, 5, 7, 17, 49, 68, 93, 96, Tall, Wasﬁ al-, 102–4, 110 193–218 Tarabishi, George, 291 ambiguity towards Israel, 216 Taylor, 175 and Egypt, 201–2 territorial integrity, 191 Nasser’s expectations of, 72–3 terrorism, 104 role of, in precipitating Six-Day Thant, U, 51, 60, 63, 67, 228 War, 26, 58–9, 90, 97, 106 Thompson, Llewellyn, 196 deliberate disinformation, 215 Thomson, George, 226, 244 internationalist explanation, 196 Tito, Josip Broz, 218 and strategic Mediterranean Tlas, Mustafa, 95 presence, 73, 198, 215, 218 Trotsky, Leon, 277 Special Committee of the National Tsahal, 247 Security Council (SCNSC), Tulkarem, 102 172, 183 Tunisia, 249, 257 Stein, Leonard, 244 turath (heritage), 298 Straits of Tiran, 7, 12, 26–7, 32, 34, 41–2, 50, 54, 62–6, 91–2, umma arabiyya wahida dhat risala 105–6, 110, 166, 208, 211, khalida (one Arab nation with 224, 228, 233, 251, 253, 278 an eternal mission), 280

Index 325

unification, Arab waiting period, 29–34 and Nasser, 268 Waterbury, John, 285 and Syria, 268 Wattenberg, Ben, 182 United Arab Command, 100, Wazir, Khalil al- (Abu Jihad), 283 107 Weizman, Ezer, 27–9, 36, 54, 161 United Arab Front, 257 West Bank, 2, 9, 12–13, 18, 45, 48, United Arab Republic, 60–1, 147, 50, 94, 103, 113, 119, 124, 149, 158, 209 187–8, 190, 232–3, 237, 243, breakup of, 150 261, 263 United Nations Emergency Force as Israeli target, 22, 31 (UNEF), 7, 26, 57, 60–3, 65, Jordanian reinforcement of, 30 105, 166, 170–1, 223, 228, Wheeler, Earle, 178 253 Wilson, Harold, 14, 120, 162, 178, United Nations Security Council, 224–5, 228, 234, 240, 242, composition of, 240 252, 259 United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), 45, Yapp, Malcolm, 5 85, 113 Yariv, Aharon, 28, 30, 37, 40, United States of America, 5 206 and Arabic conspiracy theory, 8 Yassin, Sayyed, 309 and the Six-Day War, 14–16, Yemen, 13–14, 19, 169, 199–200, 165–92 233, 251, 265, 270–6 Nasser’s expectation of, 74, 76 civil war in, 25, 26, 149–64 relations with Egypt, 30, 56–8, Egyptian intervention in, 156, 66 271, 286 Urwa al-Wuthqa (the firm bond), South, 275 283 Yemeni Free Officers, 151 USS Liberty, 180 Yes, Prime Minister, 240 Yost, Charles, 70, 172 Vietnam, role of, in Six-Day War, 167–8, 179, 183, 188, 211, Zanzibar, 159 214, 225, 227, 233, 249, 253, Zeevi, Rehavam, 31, 54 258 Zionism, 3, 50, 99, 127, 223, 255 Voice of the Arabs (radio station), 67, Zuayyin, Yusuf, 95, 273 151, 156, 269 Zurayk, Constantine, 297