DOCSLIB.ORG

An Inquiry Into the Right of Criminal Juries to Determine the Law in Colonial America Stanton D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Inquiry Into the Right of Criminal Juries to Determine the Law in Colonial America Stanton D Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 89 Article 3 Issue 1 Fall Fall 1998 An Inquiry into the Right of Criminal Juries to Determine the Law in Colonial America Stanton D. Krauss Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Stanton D. Krauss, An Inquiry into the Right of Criminal Juries to Determine the Law in Colonial America, 89 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 111 (1998-1999) This Criminal Law is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 00914169/98/8901-0111 THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 89, No. I Copyright 0 1999 by Northwestern University, School of Law Printed in U.S.A. AN INQUIRY INTO THE RIGHT OF CRIMINAL JURIES TO DETERMINE THE LAW IN COLONIAL AMERICA STANTON D. KRAUSS" It was late August, 1814. The British army had scattered the American force at Bladensburg, burned the Capitol, the Execu- tive Mansion (which has been known as the White House since the soot was painted over), and much of official Washington. The road to Baltimore was open, and the northward march was on. During the redcoats' advance, four stragglers and a deserter were taken into custody by civilians from a nearby town that had previously surrendered to the British. When the invaders learned of this treachery, they took hostages and warned that the town would be razed and the townspeople killed if the five "Professor of Law, Quinnipiac College; B.A. 1975, Yale College; J.D. 1978, Univer- sity of Michigan. This article is part of a larger study of the historical right of Ameri- can criminal juries to determine the law. That project has benefited from the generous support of Quinnipiac College School of Law and from a grant from Wash- ington University School of Law. The questions and comments of participants in col- loquia at Quinnipiac College School of Law, Boston University School of Law, and the University of Cincinnati College of Law have contributed greatly to the develop- ment of my work. I have also been helped immeasurably by the staffs of Yale Univer- sity's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library and the Historical Societies of Maryland, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, and by librarians Cristina DeLucia, Linda Holt, Peggy McDermott, and Mary Beth Reid, who have devoted a considerable amount of their time to helping me track down old books, pamphlets, and other pa- pers, without ever losing their good cheer. Finally, I am deeply indebted to Akhil Amar, Stuart Banner, Stephen Gilles, Tom Green, Charles Heckman, Nancy King, Dave Konig, Bruce Mann, Linda Meyer, Frank Miller, and Kitty Preyer, each of whom was kind enough to read and comment on at least one draft of this paper. It is a much better article because of their criticisms and suggestions. Unfortunately, I have only myself to blame for its remaining flaws. STANTOND. KRAUSS [Vol. 89 men were not returned by the following noon. Leaders of the defenseless town, includingJohn Hodges, decided to capitulate. Hodges, along with others, was directed to satisfy the British demands. He did so, putting the deserter in mortal danger, but in the end the town was saved and no one was harmed. A grateful federal government rewarded Hodges by charg- ing him with treason.! Because the return of British troops amounted to giving "aid and comfort" to the enemy,2 the only issue at his trial was whether the underlying circumstances pro- vided a good excuse for this conduct. Treason being defined by Article 1I of the Constitution,3 this was ultimately a question of constitutional law. The prosecutor claimed that nothing but a threat to Hodges' own life could justify his conduct,5 and he asked the court for an instruction that Hodges' defense was legally insuffi- cient. Defense counsel William Pinkney vigorously disputed this view of the law in his closing argument. After giving the matter 'This account of Hodges' case is drawn from Report of the Trial ofJohn Hodges, Esq., on a Charge of High Treason ....(1815) (S# 35768) [hereinafter Hodges' Trial]. A slightly abridged version of this report appears in 10 Am. St. Trials 163 (1815). A much more abbreviated version can be found at 26 F. Cas. 332 (C.C.D. Md. 1815) (No. 15,374). [Editors' Note: Charles Evans' AMERICAN BmIUOGRAPhiY (1903-1959), Roger P. Bristol's SUPPLEMENT TO EvANs's AMERICAN BiBUOGRAPHY (1970), and Ralph R. Shaw & Richard Shoemaker's AMERICAN BIBIOGRAPHY (19 vols. 1958-1963)" have catalogued every book published in America before 1820. These catalogues list all the libraries at which these scholars were able to find each book. Readex Microprint Corp., in association with the American Antiquarian Society, has made microfiche sets of all the locatable books in Evans or Shaw & Shoemaker's catalogues (the titles of these respective microfiche sets are EARLYAMERCAN IMPRuINS and EARLYAMEPCAN IMTRINTS SECOND SERIES). The author has included the catalogue number, preceded by (Evans #) or (S #), whenever he cites to a book that has not been reprinted in modem times.] 2"Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort." U.S. CONST. art. III, §3. 'See id. The prosecution was brought under a statute following the Treason Clause in haec verba, Act of April 30, 1790, 1 Stat. 112, ch. 9, § 1, and no one suggested that there was any difference in meaning between the two: In any event, were the Act to have been broader in scope than the Clause, it would have been to that extent inva- lid. ' This seems to have been a correct statement of the law, as interpreted by the judges. See JAMES WIUARD HURST, THE LAW OF TREASON IN THE UNITED STATES: COLLECrED ESSAYS 223 n.28 (1971). 1998] COLONIAL JURES some thought, Supreme Court Justice Gabriel Duvall, one of two judges presiding at this circuit court trial, told the jury that he believed Hodges had no legally cognizable defense. He con- tinued, however, by saying, "The jury are not bound to conform to this opinion, because they have a right, in all criminal cases, to decide on the law and the facts. 7 At this point, the other ju- rist on the bench, District Judge James Houston, "said he did not entirely agree with [Justice Duvall] in any, except the last remark."8 Pinkney then arose again and addressed the jury. "Gentlemen of the jury," he proclaimed, "The opinion which [Justice Duvall] has just delivered [denying the validity of Hodges' defense] is not, and I thank God for it, the law of this land."9 Evidently the jury agreed, as Hodges was acquitted. This incident bears vivid testimony to the fact that the jury was once widely said to have the "right" to judge "the law and the facts" in American criminal trials. Although Alexander Hamilton once argued otherwise, 10 that "right" imported more 6 Multi-member circuit courts vested with trial and appellate jurisdiction were cre- ated by the judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 74, ch. 20, § 4 (1789). At the time Hodges' case was tried, each circuit court consisted of one Supreme Court Justice and one federal district court judge. See CHARLES ALAN WRIGHT, THE LAW OF THE FEDERAL CouRTs 4-6 (5th ed. 1994). For more on the historical use of multi-judge trial courts in colonial America and the early Republic, see infranote 54 and accompanying text. 7 Hodges' Trial, supra note 1, at 28, 10 Am. St. Trials at 176, 26 F. Cas. at 334. Be- fore the judges retired to consider the prosecutor's requested jury charge, indeed, before arguments on the motion had begun, Pinkney questioned the propriety of the court's giving binding instructions on the law at the request of the State. Presumably speaking through Justice Duvall, "the Court said they were bound to declare the law whenever they were called upon, in civil or criminal cases; in the latter, however, it was also their duty to inform the jury that they were not obliged to take their direc- tion as the law." Hodges Trial, supra note 1, at 20, 10 Am. St. Trials at 170, 26 F. Gas. at 332. Thus, the comment quoted in the text doesn't simply reflect the view that a jury must determine the law for itself when the judges are evenly divided. Similar charges were given by federal judges in the absence of any division on the bench. See, e.g., United States v. Hoxie, 26 F. Gas. 397, 402-03 (C.C.D. Vt. 1808) (No. 15,407). ' Hodges' Trial, supra note 1, at 28, 10 Am. St. Trials at 176, 26 F. Gas. at 334. 9 Hodges' Trial, supra note 1, at 28, 10 Am. St. Trials at 176, 26 Fed. Cas. at 335. '0 See People v. Croswell, 3 Johns. 336, 355, 362 (N.Y. 1804); GEORGE CAINES, THE SPEECHES AT FULL LENGTH OF MR. VAN NESS .... AND GENERAL HAMILTON, IN THE GREAT CAUSE OF THE PEOPLE AGANSTHARRY CROswELL ... 72, 75-76 (1804), reprinted in 1 THE LEGAL PAPERS OF ALExANDER HAMILTON, at 823, 828-29 (Julius Goebel ed., 1964). See also 16 Am. St. Trials 40, 66-67, 72-73 (1804). STANTOND. KRAUSS [Vol. 89 than even an unchecked power. A moment's reflection identi- fies both the distinction and its significance.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nanjemoy and Mattawoman Creek Watersheds
    Defining the Indigenous Cultural Landscape for The Nanjemoy and Mattawoman Creek Watersheds Prepared By: Scott M. Strickland Virginia R. Busby Julia A. King With Contributions From: Francis Gray • Diana Harley • Mervin Savoy • Piscataway Conoy Tribe of Maryland Mark Tayac • Piscataway Indian Nation Joan Watson • Piscataway Conoy Confederacy and Subtribes Rico Newman • Barry Wilson • Choptico Band of Piscataway Indians Hope Butler • Cedarville Band of Piscataway Indians Prepared For: The National Park Service Chesapeake Bay Annapolis, Maryland St. Mary’s College of Maryland St. Mary’s City, Maryland November 2015 ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this project was to identify and represent the Indigenous Cultural Landscape for the Nanjemoy and Mattawoman creek watersheds on the north shore of the Potomac River in Charles and Prince George’s counties, Maryland. The project was undertaken as an initiative of the National Park Service Chesapeake Bay office, which supports and manages the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail. One of the goals of the Captain John Smith Trail is to interpret Native life in the Middle Atlantic in the early years of colonization by Europeans. The Indigenous Cultural Landscape (ICL) concept, developed as an important tool for identifying Native landscapes, has been incorporated into the Smith Trail’s Comprehensive Management Plan in an effort to identify Native communities along the trail as they existed in the early17th century and as they exist today. Identifying ICLs along the Smith Trail serves land and cultural conservation, education, historic preservation, and economic development goals. Identifying ICLs empowers descendant indigenous communities to participate fully in achieving these goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Howard J. Garber Letter Collection This Collection Was the Gift of Howard J
    Howard J. Garber Letter Collection This collection was the gift of Howard J. Garber to Case Western Reserve University from 1979 to 1993. Dr. Howard Garber, who donated the materials in the Howard J. Garber Manuscript Collection, is a former Clevelander and alumnus of Case Western Reserve University. Between 1979 and 1993, Dr. Garber donated over 2,000 autograph letters, documents and books to the Department of Special Collections. Dr. Garber's interest in history, particularly British royalty led to his affinity for collecting manuscripts. The collection focuses primarily on political, historical and literary figures in Great Britain and includes signatures of all the Prime Ministers and First Lords of the Treasury. Many interesting items can be found in the collection, including letters from Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning Thomas Hardy, Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, King George III, and Virginia Woolf. Descriptions of the Garber Collection books containing autographs and tipped-in letters can be found in the online catalog. Box 1 [oversize location noted in description] Abbott, Charles (1762-1832) English Jurist. • ALS, 1 p., n.d., n.p., to ? A'Beckett, Gilbert A. (1811-1856) Comic Writer. • ALS, 3p., April 7, 1848, Mount Temple, to Morris Barnett. Abercrombie, Lascelles. (1881-1938) Poet and Literary Critic. • A.L.S., 1 p., March 5, n.y., Sheffield, to M----? & Hughes. Aberdeen, George Hamilton Gordon (1784-1860) British Prime Minister. • ALS, 1 p., June 8, 1827, n.p., to Augustous John Fischer. • ANS, 1 p., August 9, 1839, n.p., to Mr. Wright. • ALS, 1 p., January 10, 1853, London, to Cosmos Innes.
    [Show full text]
  • Lemuel Shaw, Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court Of
    This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com AT 15' Fl LEMUEL SHAW I EMUEL SHAW CHIFF jl STIC h OF THE SUPREME Jli>I«'RL <.OlRT OF MAS Wlf .SfcTTb i a 30- 1 {'('• o BY FREDERIC HATHAWAY tHASH BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY 1 9 1 8 LEMUEL SHAW CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT OF MASSACHUSETTS 1830-1860 BY FREDERIC HATHAWAY CHASE BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY (Sbe Slibttfibe $rrtf Cambribgc 1918 COPYRIGHT, I9lS, BY FREDERIC HATHAWAY CHASE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Published March iqiS 279304 PREFACE It is doubtful if the country has ever seen a more brilliant group of lawyers than was found in Boston during the first half of the last century. None but a man of grand proportions could have emerged into prominence to stand with them. Webster, Choate, Story, Benjamin R. Curtis, Jeremiah Mason, the Hoars, Dana, Otis, and Caleb Cushing were among them. Of the lives and careers of all of these, full and adequate records have been written. But of him who was first their associate, and later their judge, the greatest legal figure of them all, only meagre accounts survive. It is in the hope of sup plying this deficiency, to some extent, that the following pages are presented. It may be thought that too great space has been given to a description of Shaw's forbears and early surroundings; but it is suggested that much in his character and later life is thus explained.
    [Show full text]
  • The Courts and Slavery in the United States.Pdf
    Political Economy Working Paper 171 THE COURTS AND SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES PROPERTY RIGHTS AND CREDIBLE COMMITMENTS JOHN N. DROBAK* THE COURTS AND SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES PROPERTY RIGHTS AND CREDIBLE COMMITMENTS ABSTRACT Recent literature has examined the role of Congress in by creating a credible commitment to the institution of slavery in the antebellum United States. This paper explains the John N. Drobak contributions of the courts to that commitment. The paper first Professor of Law shows the disparity in the rulings between the state courts in Fellow, Center in Political Economy the North and South in cases concerning the freedom of Washington University nonresident slaves. Then the paper examines the attempts by the St. Louis, Missouri 63130 federal courts to strengthen the national commitment to slavery and mitigate the anti-slavery conduct of the North. The paper concludes by showing the futility of the decision in Dred Scott, an opinion that failed in its attempt to reinforce the federal July 1992 government's commitment to slavery because the courts could not overcome the decades of increasing hostility to slavery. Not only did the Supreme Court in Dred Scott fail to placate the South, the Court exacerbated the tension between the North and South and helped move the country even closer to civil war. The episode described in this paper illustrates how sometimes a government institution can no longer make a formal commitment credible when the public has renounced that commitment. The famous compromises of the first half of the nineteenth their rights in this species of property.
    [Show full text]
  • The Founders of Maryland As Portrayed in Manuscripts, Provincial
    U( ',3^ p^ THE FOUNDERS OF MARYLAND AS PORTEAYED IN MAmJSCRIPTS, PROYESTCIAL RECORDS AI^J"D EARLY DOCUMENTS, REV. EDWARD D. NEILL, A. B., Author of "English Colonization op America," "Virginia Compant op London," "Terra Marlb," " Fairfaxes of England and America," "History of Minnesota," etc. \J "Ifec falsa dicere, nee vera reticere." ff ALBANY: JOEL MIJNSELL. 1876. THE FOUNDERS OF MARYLAND. PEEFACE. Every year, the citizens of ancient Padua crowd the costly church, dedicated to their townsman, the Italian Saint Anthony, and hang upon its walls, or around the shrine, sketches in oil, or water colors, commemorative of important events in their lives. One of the many good results of the centennial year of the American Republic j is the taking down from the garrets, the neglected portraits of our forefathers, the removal of the stains and dust, the substitution of new frames, for those battered and worm eaten, and in remembering their labors for posterity. With the aid of manuscripts, brought to light during the last decade, and access to the papers of the British Kecord Office, we can now portray more accurately, and hang in a better light, the Founders of Maryland. The object of this little book, is to state facts, which had become obscured or forgotten, concern- 6 Preface. ing the first European settlers on the shores of the Potomac River, and Chesapeake Bay. Bearing in mind, the sentiment of Hieronymus " in a letter to Epiphanius : Malem aliena vere- cunde dicere, quam jura imprudenter ingerere," I have recorded facts, gleaned from the manuscript Provincial Records at the capital of Maryland, and other documents of the Provincial period, rather than obtruded my own opinions.
    [Show full text]
  • Herman Melville and the History of American Law
    University at Buffalo School of Law Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship Fall 1-1-2004 The Accidental Legal Historian: Herman Melville and the History of American Law Alfred S. Konefsky University at Buffalo School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles Part of the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Alfred S. Konefsky, The Accidental Legal Historian: Herman Melville and the History of American Law, 52 Buff. L. Rev. 1179 (2004). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles/810 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Accidental Legal Historian: Herman Melville and the History of American Law ALFRED S. KONEFSKYt While Herman Melville has been variously described as an existentialist, a socialist, Marxist, democrat, social democrat, conservative, liberal, radical, reactionary, mod- ernist, and postmodernist,' he has not to my knowledge t University at Buffalo Distinguished Professor, School of Law, State University of New York at Buffalo. First, I thank Joyce Farrell for her care and patience with the manuscript and, in particular, her ability to convince recalcitrant computer spell-check programs that the words Melville used actually existed and were also really spelled that way. Second, I thank a number of years of students in my Melville and the Law seminar for constantly bringing fresh ideas to the course, a tribute both to them and Melville.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sovereignty of the Courts Edward H
    University of Chicago Law School Chicago Unbound Occasional Papers Law School Publications 1981 The oS vereignty of the Courts Edward Hirsch Levi Follow this and additional works at: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/occasional_papers Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Edward Hirsch Levi, "The oS vereignty of the Courts," University of Chicago Law Occasional Paper, No. 17 (1981). This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Publications at Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OCCASIONAL PAPERS FROM THE LAW SCHOOL THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO NO. 17 1981 Occasional Papers from The Law School The University of Chicago Number 17 The Sovereignty of the Courts Edward H. Levi Copies ofOccaasional Pbpers from the Law School are available from William S. Hein & Company, Inc., 1285 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14209, to whom inquiries should be addressed. Current numbers are also available on subscription from William S. Hein &Company, Inc. * Copyright, 1961. The Univeshty of Chice law Schdt The Sovereignty of the Courts Edward H. Levi* I began these talks on American jurisprudence by stating my agreement with Professor H. L. A. Hart that "American speculative thought about the gen. eral nature of law . is marked by a concentration, almost to the point of obsession, on the judicial pro- cess." "In fact:' Professor Hart wrote, "the most fa. mous decisions of the Supreme Court have at once been so important and controversial in character and so unlike what ordinary courts ordinarily do in de- ciding cases that no serious jurisprudence or philos- ophy of law could avoid asking with what general conception of the nature of law were such judicial powers compatible ...
    [Show full text]
  • Ocm08458220-1834.Pdf (12.15Mb)
    317.3M31 A 4^CHTVES ^K REGISTER, ^ AND 18S4. ALSO CITY OFFICEKS IN BOSTON, AND OTHKR USEFUL INFORMATION. BOSTON: JAMES LORING, 132 WASHINGTON STREET. — — ECLIPSES IN 1834. There will be five Eclipses this year, three of ike Svtf, and two of tht Moon, as follows, viz;— I. The first will be of the Sun, January, 9th day, 6h. 26m. eve. invisible. II. The second will likewise be of the Sun, June, 7th day, 5h. 12m. morning invisible. III. The third will be of the Moorr, June, 21st day, visible and total. Beginning Ih 52m. ^ Beginning of total darkness 2 55 / Middle 3 38 V, Appar. time End of total darkness (Moon sets). ..4 18 C morn. End of the Eclipse 5 21 j IV. The fourth will be a remarkable eclipse of the Sun, Sunday, the 30th day of November, visible, as follows, viz : Beginning Ih. 21m. J Greatest obscurity 2 40 fAppar. time End 3 51 ( even. Duration 2 30 * Digits eclipsed 10 deg. 21m. on the Sun's south limb. *** The Sun will be totally eclipsed in Mississippi, Alabama Georgia, South Carolina. At Charleston, the Sun will be totally eclipsed nearly a minute and a half. V. The fifth will be of the Moon, December 15th and I6th days, visible as follows viz : Beginning 15th d. lOli. Q2m. ) Appar. time Middle 16 5 > even. End 1 30 ) Appar. morn. Digits eclipsed 8 deg. 10m. (JU* The Compiler of the Register has endeavoured to be accurate in all the statements and names which it contains ; but when the difficulties in such a compilation are considered, and the constant changes which are occur- ring, by new elections, deaths, &c.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Maryland
    s^%. aVs*^-^^ :^\-'"^;v^'^v ..-Jy^^ ..- 'A S "00^ X^^.. * ti. •/-- * •) O \V 1 ^ -V n „ S V ft /. ^ 'f ^^. "'TV^^ .x\ ^ s? HISTORY O F MAKYLAND; FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT IN 1634, YEAR 1848. BY JAMES McS KERRY SECOND EDITION, RF.VISED AND CORRECTED BY THE AUTHOR. BALTIMORE: PRINTED AND tUULISHED BYJOHN MURPHY, No. 178 Market Street. 80LD.B7 BOOKSELLERS GENERALLT MDCCC;CLIX. } / d Entered, according to the act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, by John Murphy, in the clerk's office of the District Court of Maryland. JOHN MURPHY, Printer, Baltimore. WM. H. HOPE, Stereotyper. YOUTH OF MARYLAND, /"C'^^THIS B O O K ,r^:^^=p-\ IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, \^C-;^^ IN THE HOPE, ^^^j^^ THAT ITS PERUSAL MAY IMPRESS UPON THEIR MINDS ^S^* ^^isforg of i^nv ^^«*tbe ^^'f<tf<, STRENGTHEN THAT DUTIFUL AND PATRIOTIC LOVE -WHICH THEY OWE IT, AND INDUCE THEM TO ADMIRE AND IMITATE THE VIRTUE, THE VALOUR, AND THE LIBERALITY, THEIR FOREFATHERS. — PREFACE. In this work the author has endeavored to compress together, in a popular form, such events in the history of Maryhmd as would interest the general reader, and to give a simple narration of the settlement of the colony; its rise and progress ; its troubles and revolutions ; as well as the long periods of peace and serenity, which beautified its early days : —to picture the beginning, the progress, and the happy conclusion of the war of independence—the forti- tude and valor of the sons of Maryland upon the field, and their wisdom in council.
    [Show full text]
  • Calculated for the Use of the State Of
    i: m^4- 3n.3M31 H41 A " REGISTER, AND FOR 1835. ALSO CITY OFFICERS IN BOSTON, AND OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION. BOSTON: JAMES LORING, 132 WASHINGTON STREET. — ECLIPSES IN 1835. Tliere will be bvt two Eclipses this year of the Sun, and one of the Monty and a Transit of Mercury, as follows, viz.— I. The first will be of the Sun, May, 27th day, 8h. 48m. evening, invisible. II. The second will be of the Moon, June, 10th day, 6h. Im. eve- ning, invisible. III. The third will be of the Sun, November, 26th day, 5h. 46m. morning, invisible. The Transit of the Planet Mercury, over the Sun's Disk, will take place, November, 7th day, partly visible, as follows, viz. Transit begins Oh. 46m. "^ Mercury wholly entered on the Sun...O 49 / Mo=n *imtx Nearest the Sun's centre 3 21 V^t^n®^®"' Sun's lowest limb sets 4 42 C Transit ends 5 56 j ^ Nearest approach to the Sun's centre, 5m. 34sec. ^fCr The Compiler of the Register has endeavoured to be accurate in all the statements and names which it contains ; but when the difficulties in such a compilation are considered, and the constant changes which are occurring, by new elections, deaths, &c. it is seen at once to be impossible to attain perfect accuracy. He therefore distinctly states, that he declines this responsibleness, and only pre- sents information to the best of his knowledge. 3)7,3 M3 Mil A INDEX. Academy of Music ... 165 Convention of Cong. Min. 123 Agricultural Society ..
    [Show full text]
  • Made in Owings Mills
    MADE IN OWINGS MILLS FIFTY YEARS OF REMARKABLE PRODUCTIONS Assembled for the first time ever, the following lists represent programs made by personnel at the Maryland Center for Public Broadcasting, Maryland Public Television, and Maryland Instructional Television (MITV) or by College of the Air (COA) and International University Consortium (IUC) teams over the years. The information below, arranged in alphabetical order by what we believe to be the full, official titles of productions, has been compiled from various lists, materials in the MPT Archives, Program Guides, and other sources by alumni volunteers, MPT staffers, and other resource people. Because of space limitations, not included are short-form interstitials or public service announcements. We regret any inaccuracies or omissions. Please email corrections to: [email protected]. Notes to readers: • The article “the” has been omitted from the start of many titles below. • Productions that earned regional Emmy®Awards from the National Capital Chesapeake Bay Chapter of the National Association of Television Arts & Sciences are shown in bold face. Productions that earned national Emmys® are shown in BOLD UPPERCASE letters. SECTION 1: MARYLAND CENTER FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING & American Stakes in the Mid-East (1970) MARYLAND PUBLIC TELEVISION PRODUCTIONS An Apple, An Orange (1977) An Interview with Arthur Ashe (1970) 3 Mo’ Divas: A New Concert Smashing Musical Barriers (2008) And Baby Makes Two (1982) A City Celebrates: Opening of Harborplace (1980) And Justice for All? (1992) A Day in the Life of the Mayor (1974) Anna Russell Farewell Special (1985) A Day to Remember (1988) Annapolis 300: A Capital Celebration (2008) A Day With Conrad Green (1980) Anna’s Story (1976) A Festival of Carols (1978) Anne Arundel’s Legacy (1999) A Journey of Faith: The Creation of the Reginald F.
    [Show full text]
  • LOUISA CROWNINSHIELD BACON from a Photograph Made in 1886
    LOUISA CROWNINSHIELD BACON From a photograph made in 1886 REMINISCENCES By LOUISA CROWNINSHIELD BACON PRIVATELY PRINTED 1922 NEWCOMB & GAUSS Printers Salem, Mass. CONTENTS. I. The Crowninshields 1 II. The Putnams 17 III. Old Days in Pemberton Square 32 IV. Travels in Europe 55 v. Newport, Brookline and Barnstable 62 VI. Art, Music and Social Clubs 70 VII. The Bahamas, Washington and Coronado 77 VIII. Later Travels 87 IX. Appendix, Words and Music of Songs written from memory . 103 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Louisa Crowninshield Bacon, Frontispiece Benjamin Williams Crowninshield, facing page 5 Mary (Boardman) Crowninshield, 9 Residence of B. W. Crowninshield, Salem, 13 Judge Samuel Putnam, 17 Sarah (Gooll) Putnam, 21 Residence of Judge Putnam, 25 Charles Gideon Putnam, M. D., 29 Sarah Gooll (Putnam) Crowninshield, 29 Francis B. Crowninshield, . 33 Louisa Crowninshield Bacon, at six.teen, 37 Residence of B. W. Crowninshield, Boston, 39 Celebration of Introduction of Water into Boston, 41 Trustees of the Humane Society, 1854, 45 Pemberton Square about 1860, 47 Harvard University Crew of 1858, 51 Mr. and Mrs. Francis E. Bacon, 55 Temple Place about 1860, . 59 '' Cleopatra's Barge," . 63 Fireplace and Doorway, Judge Putnam Residence, Salem, 69 Members of the Tremont Club, 73 Porch of the Boardman House, Salem, 77 Francis Boardman, 81 Jacob Crowninshield, . 81 Capt. Richard Derby, . 87 Essex Street, Salem, in 1826, 91 George Crowninshield, Jr., 95 Privateer and Ship "America", 99 FOREWORD Not long ago, at the request of the Danvers His­ torical Society, I wrote a few pages describing my early childhood at Danvers, where I was a frequent visitor at my Grandfather Putnam's house.
    [Show full text]