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Mediterranean Marine Science

Vol. 9, 2008

Fouling from some Alexandria harbours, EGYPT. (II) Encrusting

ABDEL-SALAM KH.M. National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bay, El Anfoushy, Alexandria RAMADAN SH.E. National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet-Bay, Alexandria https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.129

Copyright © 2008

To cite this article:

ABDEL-SALAM, K., & RAMADAN, S. (2008). Fouling Bryozoa from some Alexandria harbours, EGYPT. (II) Encrusting species. Mediterranean Marine Science, 9(2), 5-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.129

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | Research Article

Mediterranean Marine Science Volume 9/2, 2008, 05-20

Fouling Bryozoa from some Alexandria harbours, EGYPT. (II) Encrusting species

KH. M. ABDEL-SALAM and SH. E. RAMADAN

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet-Bay, Alexandria, Egypt e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Polystyrene test panels immersed half a meter deep in the water were used to collect the fouling, encrusting Bryozoa at three harbours in Alexandria city. These were Abu Qir Harbour, the Eastern Har- bour and El-Dekheila Harbour. Four species of encrusting bryozoa are recorded in the present study. These are Conopeum reticulum, , and erra- ta. The first species is affiliated to the Membraniporidae family , belonging to the suborder Anasca while the other three species are affiliated to the , and families respectively. These families belong to the suborder . A re-description, supplied with full struc- tural illustrations of the recorded species is given. Moreover, the temporal and spatial distributions of the species recorded are provided

Keywords: ; Encrusting Bryozoa; Marine fouling; Harbours.

Introduction the area surrounding Tripoli (Libya). POWELL (1969) listed the Indo-pacific Bryozoans are predominantly marine Bryozoa new to the Mediterranean coast colonial invertebrate . They occur of Israel; meanwhile, HONDT (1988) in almost all marine habitats, mainly studied the Bryozoa from the Mediter- coastal, wherever hard, or more rarely, soft ranean and Red Sea coasts of Israel. Simi- substrata exist as supports or bases lar studies were conducted on the coast of (ZABALA & MALUQUER, 1988). Bry- Lebanon (BITAR & BITAR, 2001), ozoans are one of the main components of Turkey (ÜNSAL, 1975; ÜNSAL & communities settling on artificial sub- HONDT, 1978-1979), Cyprus (KO AK et strates (PISANO, 1979; BOYER, 1984). al., 2002) and as well the Italian coastal The Mediterranean Bryozoa has been waters and lagoons (HONDT, 1977; studied by many authors. BUGE & AMBROGI, 1981; AMBROGI & DEBOURLE (1977) studied the ecology HONDT, 1981; AMBROGI et al., 1988). of the bryozoan fauna of the sea shore in The Aegean Sea and islands were surveyed

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | by other authors (HAYWARD, 1974, Material and Methods 1975, 1976; MORRI et al., 1999; KO AK, 2007a). HAYWARD & MCKINNEY Using white polystyrene test panels (2002) investigated the Northern Adriatic (12.5x12.5 cm), the fouling samples were Bryozoa from the vicinity of Rovinj, Croa- collected from three harbours along tia. Bryozoan fauna are included in the Alexandria city, namely Abu Qir Harbour studies of invasive alien species in the (A.H.), the Eastern Harbour (E.H.) and Mediterranean Sea (ZENETOS et al., El-Dekheila Harbour (D.H.) (Figure 1). 2006, 2008; STREFTARIS & ZENETOS, Descriptions of the investigated har- 2006). Bryozoan assemblages developed bours and a detailed sampling scheme of on panels submerged at five marinas locat- the experiment are provided in ABDEL- ed along the Turkish Aegean coast were SALAM & RAMADAN (2008). estimated by KO AK (2007b). Samples of encrusting Bryozoa were Previous studies of Bryozoa in Egypt recorded and isolated for identification. go back to AUDOUIN (1826) who identi- Illustrative drawings of the recorded bry- fied 67 species of Bryozoa collected by ozoan species were carried out by means SAVIGNY. HASTINGS (1927) recorded of a zoom stereoscopic microscope provid- 24 species of polyzoa in the collection ed with its special camera lucida drawing made by the Cambridge Expedition to the tube; the full structural re-description of Suez Canal, 1924. O`DONOGHUE & DE different species was provided as well. WATTEVILLE (1939) investigated the Classification keys for the Mediterranean marine Bryozoa in the fishery grounds Bryozoa were provided by ZABALA & near Alexandria and recorded 62 species. MALUQUER (1988). The taxonomic BALAVOINE (1959) studied bryozoan order is based on that adopted by fauna collected from 24 stations during the HAYWARD & RYLAND (1979 and mission of Robert Ph. Dollfus in Egypt 1999). All materials were deposited in the (December 1927-March 1929) and record- laboratory of Taxonomy and Aquatic Bio- ed 44 species. Four species of Cyclostomes diversity, National Institute of Oceanogra- and 40 species of Cheilostomes. Recently, phy & Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt. HONDT (2006) has given a new explana- tion of the plates of ‘Polyps-Bryozoa’ in Results the description of Egypt presented by AUDOUIN (1826). Meanwhile ABDEL- The present study yields 4 species of SALAM & RAMADAN (2008) have encrusting Bryozoa belonging to 4 fami- reported on the fouling erect species lies. developed in three Alexandria ports. The present work aims to give taxo- Family: MEMBRANIPORIDAE nomical information about the encrusting fouling bryozoa recorded from three har- Conopeum reticulum (LINNAEUS, 1767) bours in Alexandria (Egypt) namely Abu Millepora reticulum LINNAEUS, 1767:1284. Qir Harbour, the Eastern Harbour and Flustra lacroixii AUDOUIN, 1826:240. El-Dekheila Harbour, as well as the tem- Conopeum reticulum (LINNAEUS, 1767); poral and spatial distributions of the RYLAND, 1965:30, fig.13; PRENANT & recorded species. BOBIN, 1966:124, fig.32; RYLAND &

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | Fig. 1: The area investigated; positions of the three sampled harbours along Alexandria coast.

HAYWARD, 1977:60; ZABALA & Israel (POWELL, 1969; HONDT, 1988), MALUQUER, 1988:76, fig.65. Lebanon (BITAR & BITAR, 2001), Turkey (ÜNSAL & HONDT, 1978-1979; Colony form: Encrusting, sheet-like, cal- KO AK, 2007a, b) and Cyprus (KO AK careous. et al., 2002). ZABALA & MALUQUER Size: Up to 8 cm in diameter. (1988) who recorded this species from the Description: (Fig. 2) West Mediterranean mentioned that a Thinly encrusting pale brownish-white pair triangular kenozooids are situated at sheets of zooids. Zooids 0.35-0.55 mm long the distal end of each zooid. Spines, if and 0.19-0.27 mm wide, elongated-oval in present, are placed all around the frontal shape, with most of the frontal surface area. On the other hand, RYLAND membranous; skeletal rim granular. Each (1965) reported that in the angles between zooecium is provided distally with a pair of zooecia, small triangular walled spaces small, triangular, dwarf, non-feeding may be present. Present work specimens zooids (Kenozooid) and a characteristic are in good accordance with the descrip- operculum with a folded membranous tions given by the above authors. edge. General distribution and habitat: Usually Remarks: This species was absent from found on stones and shells on the shore or the Levantine Sea including the coasts of in shallow water, but large colonies may be

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | Fig. 2: Conopeum reticulum. Group of zooecia. found on wooden structures. The species of the panel area. It is worth mentioning occurs in the sea and at river mouths that the water of this harbour is character- where salinity may be very low ized by low salinity, in comparison with the (RYLAND, 1965). In European waters other two harbours. the species extends from Skagerrak and On long-term panels, it appeared at Kattegat down the Atlantic coast, perhaps both Abu Qir and El-Dekheila Harbours. into the Mediterranean; also to the It is weakly represented on the 9 month Azores, Canary and Cape Verde islands duration panels at Abu Qir Harbor; it was (RYLAND, 1965). It has been recorded in encountered at El-Dekheila Harbour dur- the West Mediterranean (ZABALA & ing different periods of accumulation MALUQUER, 1988) and France except for those of the 2 and 4 month (PRENANT & BOBIN, 1966). duration panels. The maximum represen- Local distribution and association: This tation of the species was noticed on panels species was previously recorded in the list after 10 and 11 months of immersion when of marine fouling in the Suez Canal it covered about 85% and 77.5% of the (RAMADAN, 1986). panel area. The ten and eleven month fouling communities are mainly composed In the present work, on short-term of large numbers of moderate sized barna- panels this species appeared only at El- cles, some polychaete tubes (Hydroides ele- Dekheila harbour during the period April gans), large numbers of associated 1999 to September 1999, flourishing dur- amphipods and isopods, and the erect bry- ing May 1999 when it covered about 38% ozoa Bowerbankia gracilis, which covered

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | about 72.5% and 92.5% of the panel area ed by many different names, including: during the ten and eleven month dura- Cellepora subtorquata, Escharina torquata, tions, respectively. Watersipora subovoidea, Dakaria sub- ovoidea, Cellepora ovoidea, Watersipora Family: WATERSIPORIDAE cucullata, Lepralia cucullata, Watersipora atrofusca, Lepralia atrofusca, Schizoporella Watersipora subtorquata (D'ORBIGNY, atrofusca, Watersipora atterrima, and 1852) Watersipora edmondsoni. Watersipora Escharina torquata D'ORBIGNY, 1847 subtorquata is also very similar to Watersi- Lepralia subovoidea D'ORBIGNY, 1852 Cellepora subtorquata D'ORBIGNY, 1852 Watersipora cucullata BUSK, 1854 Watersipora subovoidea (D'ORBIGNY, 1852); GAUTIER, 1962: 183; RYLAND, 1965:68, fig. 33a, b, c, and d; COOK, 1985:149, plates 6B and 16D; ZABALA & MALUQUER, 1988:114, fig. 234 and 9(D). Watersipora subtorquata (D'ORBIGNY, 1852); HONDT, 1988: 183

Colony form: Encrusting foliaceous. Size: Variable from few mm to few cm in diameter. Description: (Fig. 3) Colonies are encrusting, brownish-pur- ple to almost black in colour. Zooecia are rather large and distinct. The frontal wall is convex, perforated by numerous pores. The aperture and operculum have a mush- room shaped outline, that is, an upper cir- cular area with a broad, rounded extension at the bottom. The lower edge of the aper- ture around this extension is sometimes raised in a rim or spout. The operculum is strongly pigmented, with a broad, dark, central band, paler peripheral regions, and two shining white points proximally. The operculum is about 0.17 mm long and 0.2 mm wide. Zooids are about 0.65-1.1 mm in length, and 0.25-0.50 mm in width. Spines, avicularia, and ovicells are lacking. Remarks: Watersipora subtorquata may Fig. 3: Watersipora subtorquata. A, Group of zooe- have been previously referred to or record- cia, B. Operculum.

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | pora acurata, and are only differentiated by numerous sites in the Mediterranean, the their apertures and not identifiable in the Azores, the Cape Verde Islands, West field, representing yet another source of Africa, South Africa, the Red Sea and misidentification (COHEN & CARLTON, Suez Canal, India and Sri Lanka, Indone- 1995; COHEN, 2005; MACKIE et al., sia and Hawaii, the U.S.A., Australia and 2006). W. subtorquata was recorded on the New Zealand (COHEN, 2005; MACKIE coast of Israel (HONDT, 1988), W. cucul- et al., 2006; GORDON & MAWATARI, lata on the coast of Lebanon (BITAR & 1992). BITAR, 2001), and Watersipora sub- Local distribution and association: ovoidea on the coast of Turkey and Croat- Watersipora cucullata was previously ia (KO AK, 2007b; HAYWARD & recorded in Alexandria (O`DONOGHUE MCKINNEY, 2002). & DE WATTEVILLE, 1939; ME- The attribution of specimens to Water- GALLY, 1970; GHOBASHY, 1976) and sipora subovoidea needs reflection and in the southern region of the Suez Canal evaluation, taking into account both older (GHOBASHY & EL-KOMY, 1981b), and more recent literature. In fact, while Watersipora subovoidea was record- although some papers (HAYWARD & ed in Port Said harbour, Suez bay and El- MCKINNEY, 2002) continue to treat this Ghardaqa (RAMADAN, 1986; EL-KOMI species as living in the Mediterranean, the et al., 1998 and EL-KOMI, 1992). examination of type material of the Water- sipora species (CHIMENZ GUSSO et al., In the present work, W. subtorquata 2004) and contemporaneous papers such was encountered on short-term panels as (ROSSO, 2003; CHIMENZ GUSSO et only at Abu Qir Harbour where the al., 2006) lead to the view that the species was weakly represented during Mediterranean specimens actually belong most of sampling months. On long-term to W. cucullata or to W. subtorquata and panels, this species was recorded at all that W. subovoidea is at present absent three harbours. At Abu Qir Harbour it from the Mediterranean Sea. was sampled on panels during different General distribution and habitat: Water- periods of collection, but well represented sipora subtorquata is common to lower after 5 and 6 months of immersion, cover- inter-tidal and shallow sub-tidal areas. It ing about 6.7% and 6.3% of the panel is known to inhabit salinities of 25-49 area, respectively. The five and six months parts per thousand, temperatures of 12- fouling communities are mainly composed 28ÆC, and depths to tens of meters. It of moderate numbers of barnacles, some grows on a wide range of substrates tubes of the polychaete (Hydroides ele- including rocks, shells, debris, docks, gans), large numbers of the polychaete kelp, ship hulls, pilings, and other bry- (Spirorbis sp.), the encrusting species ozoans. Since they are an early succes- (Schizoporella errata) and a large numbers sional species, they are especially efficient of the erect bryozoan species (Bugula ner- at colonizing artificial structures itina) giving 50 and 90 colonies, respec- (COHEN, 2005). Populations that may tively. include this species have been reported At the Eastern Harbour, it was weakly from the western Atlantic, from Bermuda represented only on the 8 and 9 month and the Gulf of Mexico to Venezuela, at duration panels, while at El-Dekheila har-

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | bour it showed weak settlement only on The colonies form white or pinkish the 7 and 9 month duration panels. small or extensive patches. Zooecia are hexagonal, sometimes nearly rectangular, Family: CRYPTOSULIDAE with a thick convex frontal wall. Zooids are 0.43-0.65 mm long and 0.26-0.45 mm wide. Cryptosula pallasiana (MOLL, 1803) There are numerous frontal pores, each sunk in a small pit. The orifice is somewhat Eschara pallasiana MOLL, 1803:64, Pl.3, bell-shaped in outline, and at its widest fig.13. proximally. Avicularia and ovicells are Lepralia pallasiana HINCKS, 1880:297, lacking. Pl.24, fig.4; Pl.33, figs 1-3. Remarks: This species was absent from Cryptosula pallasiana (MOLL, 1803); studies of the Levantine Sea, including GAUTIER, 1962: 169; RYLAND, (HONDT, 1988; BITAR & BITAR, 2001; 1965:72, fig. 34a, b, and c; ZABALA & KO AK et al., 2002), while KO AK MALUQUER, 1988:114, fig. 235; (2007b) gave no taxonomical data about HAYWARD & RYLAND, 1999:194; this species. RYLAND (1965) mentioned HAYWARD & MCKINNEY, 2002:81, that sometimes an avicularium with a fig.36 E,F. rounded mandible is situated just below the orifice, while HAYWARD & MCKINNY Colony form: Encrusting. (2002) indicated that a stout median sub- Size: Up to 3 cm in diameter. oral umbo was present in most autozooids; Description: (Fig. 4) in some populations this position is occu-

Fig. 4: Cryptosula pallasiana. Group of zooecia.

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | pied by an avicularium with a broadly oval chaete tubes (Hydroides elegans), large rostrum. These characteristics were not numbers of associated amphipods and observed in the examined specimens. isopods, the erect bryozoa (Bowerbankia General distribution and habitat: The gracilis) and the encrusting bryozoa species is found encrusting on any surface (Conopeum reticulum), each of which cov- that will provide attachment, including ered about 70% of panel area, and the ships’ hulls, in fairly shallow water hydrozoan (Obelia geniculata), covering (RYLAND, 1965). about 68% of panel area. It is widespread around the world, par- ticularly in ports, harbours, and estuarine Family: SCHIZOPORELLIDAE situations (GORDON & MAWATARI, 1992). Schizoporella errata (WATERS, 1878) Local distribution and association: Cryp- tosula pallasiana was previously recorded Lepralia errata WATERS, 1878: 11 from Alexandria (O`DONOGHUE & DE Schizoporella violacea (CANU & WATTEVILLE, 1939; EL-KOMI, 1991, BASSLER, 1930); GAUTIER, 1962:150. 1998b), from the Suez Canal Schizoporella errata (WATERS, 1878); (GHOBASHY & EL-KOMY, 1981a, b), RYLAND, 1965:64, fig. 31 a & b; from Port Said Harbour (RAMADAN, HAYWARD & RYLAND, 1979:170, fig. 1986), from Suez bay (EL-KOMI et al., 68; ZABALA & MALUQUER, 1988: 1998 and EMARA, 2002), and from El- 133, fig.308; HAYWARD & RYLAND, Ghardaqa (EL-KOMI, 1992). 1999:212; HAYWARD & MCKINNY, 2002:67, fig.30 F-I. During the present study, it was weak- ly represented on the short-term panels at Colony form: Encrusting. Abu Qir and the Eastern harbours. At Size: Up to 2-3 cm in diameter. Abu Qir Harbour it was collected only Description: (Fig. 5) during March and April 1999, while at the The colonies form white or pinkish Eastern Harbour it appeared only during patches. Zooecia are almost rectangular in May 1999. shape, 0.50-0.65 mm in length and about On the long-term panels, the species 0.4 mm in width. The frontal wall is cov- was recorded at all three harbours. At Abu ered rather closely with pits, each contain- Qir Harbour it appeared on the 6-9 month ing a large round pore. The umbo is little duration panels. At the Eastern Harbour it developed, forming a small protrusion was also weakly represented only on the 9 below the orifice. The orifice is roughly and 11 month duration panels. At El- semi-circular to circular, its proximal mar- Dekheila Harbour it appeared on the 7-9 gin containing a well-marked central sinus. month duration panels, but was well repre- A raised avicularium may be situated on sented only on the 8 month duration pan- one side of the orifice, the tapering els, when it covered about 6% of the panel mandible obliquely outwardly directed. area. The eight month fouling community Remarks: No taxonomical details were was mainly composed of a large number of provided in studies of the coasts of Israel, barnacle species (Balanus perforatus, B. Lebanon and Turkey (HONDT, 1988; amphitrite and B. eburneus), some poly- BITAR & BITAR, 2001; KO AK,

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | Fig. 5: Schizoporella errata. Group of zooecia.

2007b). Although RYLAND (1965) made that the species exhibits between high- no comment about the umbo, ZABALA & energy and low-energy localities in the Lig- MALUQUER (1988) mentioned that the urian Sea along the Italian coast (COCITO frontal wall is without umbo. HAYWARD et al., 2000). & MCKINNY (2002) indicated that this General distribution and habitat: Schizo- species exhibits morphological differences porella errata is a readily recognized, wide- between two studied localities. The struc- ly distributed, common fouling species. It tures in the Rovinj Harbour are exposed to is common throughout the Mediterranean vigorous hydrodynamic conditions, where- and flourishes on man-made substrata as a as the Lim Channel locality is protected, persistent and sometimes troublesome with very low kinetic energy conditions. fouling organism. It is present in similar Colony morphology in the harbour locality situations in warm temperate to subtropi- is massive, with irregular knobbly surfaces cal waters worldwide, and is a vigorously and centimeter-wide, millimeter-high cavi- invasive species (HAYWARD & ties in which sediment or other extraneous MCKINNY, 2002). GORDON & objects may be immured; colonies are MAWATARI (1992) recorded its recent more densely grown and lack such cavities spread to New Zealand ports. at the mussel-culture station of the Lim Local distribution and association: Channel locality. At this station, two mor- Schizoporella errata was previously record- phologies predominate: relatively smooth- ed from Alexandria (EL-KOMI, 1991; surfaced multilaminar encrustations, and 1998a), from El-Ghardaqa (EL-KOMI, prolific, commonly hollow, erect branches. 1992), from the Suez Canal (GHO- These differences in growth habits between BASHY et al., 1980; GHOBASHY & EL- the two localities parallel the morphologies KOMY, 1981b; RAMADAN, 1986) and

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | from the Suez bay (EL-KOMI et al., 1998). often the limiting factor in sessile benthic In the present survey it appeared on assemblages (OSMAN, 1977), mecha- short-term panels only at Abu Qir Har- nisms for acquiring and holding space are bour during the whole period of study, fundamental for both solitary and colonial except in April and May 1999. The maxi- organisms (LOPEZ JAPPA, 1989). mum flourishing was recorded during Results of occurrence of the encrust- September 1999 when it covered about 5% ing fouling bryozoa at the studied harbours of thepanel area. The fouling community indicated that the four species were during this month is mainly composed of recorded at Abu Qir and El-Dekheila har- large number of polychaeta tubes bours, and only Watersipora subtorquata, (Hydroides elegans and Spirorbis sp.) and Cryptosula pallasiana and Schizoporella some barnacle (Balanus amphitrite). errata at the Eastern Harbour of Alexan- On the long-term panels it was record- dria. KO AK (2007b) indicated that the ed at all three harbours. At Abu Qir Har- numbers of encrusting bryozoan species bour, it appeared during different periods (ascophorans) and their frequency values of immersion, being well represented increased with the duration time of the mainly on the 6 and 7 month duration pan- panels, and some species were predomi- els, covering about 42% and 35% of the nant on the long-term panels in the panel area, respectively. During these two Aegean Sea. The most important limiting periods, the erect bryozoan Bugula neritina factor for bryozoan colonizing on the long- is well represented, giving rise to 90 and 78 term panels at the Eastern Harbour, may colonies, respectively. At the Eastern Har- be the intense settlement of colonial tuni- bour it was weakly represented, only on cates (Didemnum sp., Symplegma viride the 5 and 9 month duration panels. At El- and Diplosoma listerianum) which have a Dekheila harbour it was also weakly repre- maximum percentage cover of 4%, 19% sented, only on the 6, 10 and 11 month and 25% of the panel area, respectively. In duration panels. this harbour, the encrusting fouling bry- ozoa, which were quite frequent at the Discussion other harbours, were either weakly repre- sented by a small number of colonies occu- Bryozoa are one of the predominant pying limited space, or completely absent, taxa in a variety of sub-littoral epibenthic like Conopeum reticulum. This agrees with environments, including the undersides of KO AK (2007b) who concluded that the foliaceous corals (e.g. PALUMBI & intense settlement of colonial tunicates is JACKSON, 1982; WINSTON & the most important and limiting factor for JACKSON, 1984), rock faces (KEOUGH bryozoan colonizing at some marinas in & DOWNES, 1982), shells (KAY & the Aegean Sea. KEOUGH, 1981), boulders (RUBIN, Conopeum reticulum was absent from 1982), artificial pilings (LICHTSCHEIN the Levantine Sea, including the coasts of DE BASTIDA & BASTIDA, 1980; KAY Israel (POWELL, 1969; HONDT, 1988), & KEOUGH, 1981) and experimental Lebanon (BITAR & BITAR, 2001), panels (RUBIN, 1985; LOPEZ JAPPA, Turkey (ÜNSAL & HONDT, 1978-1979; 1989; NANDAKUMAR & TANAKA, KO AK, 2007a, b) and Cyprus (KO AK 1994), and since substratum availability is et al., 2002); but recorded in France and

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | the western Mediterranean (PRENANT All the species described in this paper & BOBIN, 1966; ZABALA & have previously been reported from other MALUQUER, 1988). Its occurrence in areas outside the Levantine Sea. It is the eastern Mediterranean may be attrib- therefore important to update the taxo- uted to passive introduction amongst foul- nomical data regarding these species on ing communities on ships. RYLAND the Egyptian coast and in the Levantine (1965) indicated that Conopeum reticulum Sea. occurs in the sea and at river mouths, where salinities may be very low. This References species is well represented on the long- term panels at El-Dekheila harbour, cov- ABDEL-SALAM, KH. M. & RAMA- ering about 85% and 77.5% of the panel DAN, SH. E., 2008. Fouling Bryozoa area after 10 and 11 months of immersion, from some Alexandria harbours, respectively. At El-Dekheila Harbour the EGYPT. (I) Erect species. Mediter- salinity ranged between 21.9 and 38.2 ò ranean Marine Science, 9(1): 31-47. with a monthly average of 29.8 ò while, AMBROGI, A.O., 1981. Briozoi Lagu- at Abu Qir Harbour the salinity varied nari. Guide per il riconoscimento delle from 31.1 to 38.9 ò, with a monthly aver- specie animali delle acque lagunari e age of 37.5 ò. Monthly values of salinity costiere italiane, 7: 1-145, C.N.R. at the Eastern Harbour fluctuate over a Roma. very limited range, with a monthly average AMBROGI, A.O., BIANCHI, C.N., MOR- of 36.9 ò (RAMADAN et al., 2006). So, RI C. & SCONFIETTI, R., 1988. salinity may favor the higher representa- Recherches sur la zonation verticale tion of this species at El-Dekheila Har- du macrobenthos sessile dans la bour. lagune de Venise. Cahiers de Biologie At Abu Qir Harbour, Schizoporella Marine, 29:297-311. errata was well represented on long-term AMBROGI, A.O. & HONDT d’, J.-L., panels mainly on the 6 and 7 month dura- 1981. Distribution of Bryozoans in tion panels, covering about 42% and 35% brackish waters of Italy. In: Recent of the panel area, respectively. During and fossil Bryozoa, G.P. Larwood & C. these two periods, the erect bryozoan Nielsen (eds): 191-198. Fredensborg, Bugula neritina was well represented giving Denmark: Olsen & Olsen. rise to 90 and 78 colonies, respectively. AUDOUIN, J.V., 1826. Explication som- COCITO et al (2000) indicated that maire des Planches de Polypes de Scrupocellaria reptans and Bugula neritina l’ gypte et de la Syrie de J.C. occurred in dense clumps of many colonies SAVIGNY, p. 225-244. In: Descrip- on the external surface of the build-ups of tion de l’ gypte, Histoire Naturelle, Schizoporella errata at Lerici Harbour, Quatrième partie, Paris. Italy, where Schizoporella errata grew BALAVOINE, P., 1959. Bryozoaires. Mis- close to a sewer drain. Abu Qir Harbour sion Robert Ph. Dollfus en Égypte represents a eutrophic polluted harbour, (Décembre 1927 – Mars 1929). P.257- with the highest concentrations of nitrate, 282. In: Résultats Scientifiques, 3e partie ammonia, total phosphorus, copper and (XXIII-XXXIV), S.S.Al Sayad (Ed.), cadmium (RAMADAN et al., 2006). Paris, CNRS.

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | BITAR, G. & BITAR, S.K., 2001. Nou- Series, 192:153-161. velles données sur la faune et la flore COHEN, A. N., 2005. Watersipora sub- benthiques de la côte Libanaise. torquata (d'Orbigny, 1952). Guide to Migration Lessepsienne. Thalassia exotic species of San Francisco Bay. Salentina, 25: 71-73. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oak- BOYER, M., 1984. Ecologia dei Briozoi land, CA. insediati su substrati artificiali nel COHEN, A.N. & CARLTON, J.T., 1995. piano infralitorale del promonotorio Non-indigenous aquatic species in a di Portofino (Mar Ligure). Tesi di lau- United States estuary: A case study of rea in Scienze Biologiche, Univ. Geno- the biological invasions of the San va, p. 1-175. Francisco Bay and Delta. A Report for BUGE, E. & DEBOURLE, A., 1977. the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Écologie de la faune de Bryozoaires Washington, DC. 108 pp. d’une plage des environs de Tripoli COOK, P.L., 1985. Bryozoa from Ghana. (Libye). Bulletin du Centre de la A preliminary survey. Annales Musée Recherche et la Exploration-production Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences Elf-Aquitaine, 1(2): 321-377. Zoologiques, Tervuren 238:1-315. BUSK, G., 1854. Catalogue of marine D'ORBIGNY, A.D., 1834-1847. Voyage polyzoa in the collection of the British dans l'Amérique Méridionale, 3(3). Museum, II. Cheilostomata (part). Mollusques. pp. 1-758, Pl. 1-85. Paris. Trustees of the British Museum (Nat- (Bertrand). ural History), London. pp. 55-120, Pls D'ORBIGNY, A.D., 1852. Paléontologie 69-124. française, Terrains Crétacés, V, Bry- CANU, F. & BASSLER, R.S., 1930. Bry- ozoaires [2], pp.185 bis-472. Victor ozoaires marins de Tunisie. Station Masson, Paris. Oceanogr. De Salammbô, Annales, No. EL-KOMI, M.M., 1991. Incidence and 5: 1-92. ecology of marine fouling organisms in CHIMENZ GUSSO, C., BOCCIA, P. & the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, GIOVANNINI, N., 2004. Importance Egypt. Bulletin of National Institute of of faunistic and taxonomical studies Oceanography and Fisheries, A.R.E., for a correct analysis of the zoogeogra- 17(1): 1-16. phy of Mediterranean Bryozoa. Bio- EL-KOMI, M.M., 1992. Observations on geographia, 25: 93-108. the fouling settlement in the Red Sea CHIMENZ GUSSO, C., ROSSO, A. & waters (El-Ghardaga). Bulletin of High BALDUZZI, A., 2006. Checklist delle Institute of Public Health, 22(3): 637-648. specie della fauna italiana. Bryozoa. EL-KOMI, M.M., 1998a. Dynamics of the http://www.sibm.unige.it/CHECKLIS buoys macrofouling communities at T/principalechecklist.htm. Alexandria harbour, Egypt. Journal of COCITO, S., FERDEGHINI, F., MORRI, the Egyptian German Society of Zoolo- C. & BIANCHI, C. N., 2000. Patterns gy, Vertebrate Anatomy & Embryolo- of bioconstruction in the cheilostome gy, 25(B): 259-281. bryozoan Schizoporella errata: the EL-KOMI, M.M., 1998b. Spatiotemporal influence of hydrodynamics and asso- distribution of fouling and plankton ciated biota. Marine Ecology Progress composition in coastal waters of

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of the national Congress on Marine Corrosion Egyptian German Society of Zoology, & Fouling, p.75-92. Invertebrate Zoology & Parasitology, GORDON, D.P. & MAWATARI, S.F., 27(D): 183-207. 1992. Atlas of marine fouling Bryozoa of EL-KOMI, M.M., EMARA, A.M. and New Zealand ports and harbours. Mis- MONA, M.H., 1998. Ecology and set- cellaneous Publications, New Zealand tlement of marine fouling in the Suez Oceanographic Institute, 107: 1-52. Bay, Egypt. Proceeding of the 8th Inter- HASTINGS, A.B., 1927. Cambridge national Conference on ‘Environmen- Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. tal protection is a must’, Badawy, H. & Pt. 20. Report on the Polyzoa. Trans- Emara, H. (Eds), Alexandria, Egypt; actions of the Zoological Society of p. 234-251. London, 22: 331-354. EMARA, A.M., 2002. A comparison study HAYWARD, P.J., 1974. Studies on the of marine fouling organisms in the cheilostome bryozoan fauna of the northern region of the Gulf of Suez, Aegean island of Chios. Journal of Red Sea. Journal of the Egyptian Acad- Natural History, 8 (4):369-402. emic Society of Environment and Devel- HAYWARD, P.J., 1975. A new species of opment, (D-Environmental studies), epiphytic Bryozoa from the Aegean 3(2): 159-185. Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, GAUTIER, Y.V., 1962. Recherches 16:207-212. écologiques sur les Bryozoaires HAYWARD, P.J., 1976. The marine Cheilostomes en Méditerranée occi- fauna and flora of the Isles of Scilly: dentale. Recueil des Travaux de la Sta- Bryozoa II. Journal of Natural History, tion Marine d’Endoume, fasc. 38(24): 10:319-330. 1-434. (Thèses de Doctorat présentées HAYWARD, P. J. & MCKINNEY, F. K., à la Faculté des Sciences de l'Univer- 2002. Northern Adriatic Bryozoa from sité d'Aix-Marseille). the vicinity of Rovinj, Croatia. Bulletin GHOBASHY, A.F.A., 1976. Seasonal vari- of the American Museum of Natural ation and settlement behavior of the History, 270, 139 p. principal fouling organisms in the HAYWARD, P.J. & RYLAND, J.S., Eastern Harbour of Alexandria. Pro- 1979. British ascophoran bryozoans. ceeding 4th international Congress on Keys and notes for the identification Marine Corrosion & Fouling, p. 213-220. of the species. Synopses of the British GHOBASHY, A.F.A. & EL-KOMY, Fauna, New Series, 14: 1-312. M.M., 1981a. Fouling in Lake Timsah HAYWARD, P.J. & RYLAND, J.S., (Egypt). Hydrobiological Bulletin 1999. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa: 2. (Amsterdam), 14(3): 169-178. Hippothooidea - Celleporoidea: notes GHOBASHY, A.F.A. & EL-KOMY, M.M. for the identification of British species. 1981b. Fouling in the southern region of 2nd ed. Synopses of the British fauna, the Suez Canal. Hydrobiological Bulletin new series, 14:1- 416. Field Studies (Amsterdam), 14(3): 179-185. Council: Shrewsbury, U.K., GHOBASHY, A.F.A., EL-KOMY, M.M. HINCKS, T.A. 1880. A History of the Bri- & RAMADAN, SH.E., 1980. Fouling tish Marine Polyzoa. John Van Voorst in the Suez Canal. Proceeding 5th Inter- Ed. London.

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/03/2020 06:23:28 | Illustrated keys for the classification of species. Mediterranean Marine Science, Mediterranean Bryozoa. Treballs Del 6 (2): 63-118 (2005). Museu De Zoologie. Barcelona, ZENETOS, A., MERI , E., VERLA- Numero 4, 294 p. QUE, M., GALLI, P., BOUDOU- ZENETOS, A., INAR, M.E., PAN- RESQUE, C-F., GIANGRANDE, A., CUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU, M.A., INAR, M.E. & BILECENO LU, HARME-LIN, J.G., FURNARI, G., M., 2008. Additions to the annotated ANDALORO, F., BELLOU, N., list of marine alien biota in the STREFTARIS, N. & ZIBROWIUS, Mediterranean with special emphasis H., 2006. Annotated list of marine on Foraminifera and Parasites. alien species in the Mediterra-nean Mediterranean Marine Science, 9 (1): with records of the worst invasive 119-165.

Submitted: June 2007 Accepted: September 2008 Published on line: October 2008

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