The Study Commission on Artificial Intelligence – Social Responsibility and Economic, Social and Ecological Potential 2 “Artificial intelligence is radically transforming our society, our econ- omies and the way in which we coexist. Within the framework of the Study Commission, we there- fore want to work together with experts to discuss concrete policy approaches which will enable us to influence the introduction of this technology. Our aim is to enhance its potential for people’s lives, our prosperity and society as a whole, and to promote this technology, while at the same time seeking to minimise the risks. Together, we intend to establish political guide- lines to make sure that artificial intelligence works for people.”

Daniela Kolbe, SPD Chairwoman of the Study Commission on Artificial Intelligence – Social Responsibility and Economic, Social and Ecological Potential

3 Recommendations for future action

Study commissions are set up by the German to prepare decisions on wide- ranging and significant issues. The commission members dis- cuss on a cross-party basis urgent future-relevant techni- cal, societal, economic and environmental questions that cannot be easily responded to in day-to-day politics. They collect and evaluate informa- tion and draft a report once their work is concluded. Yet the reports from the study commissions contain more than a simple analysis of the situation. Above all, their mandate and objective is to formulate recommendations for action to be taken by Par- liament. In this way, study commissions provide very specific advice to Parliament for future political decisions that could lead to legislative amendments or to new laws. A motion by a quarter of the Members of the Bundestag is sufficient to establish a study commission. While study

The Study Commission on Artificial Intelligence – Social Responsibility and Economic, Social and Ecological Potential commissions can be deman- ded by a parliamentary minor- examine larger topics in detail ity, in general these are imple- and without any time pres- mented on the basis of broad sure. The results of the study support. They operate for the commissions are increasingly duration of the electoral term, being listened to by the broader with some study commissions public and make an important being re-established in the contribution to debates within subsequent legislature. Unlike society. the permanent committees, study commissions are not involved in the general course The Study Commission of the legislative process. on Artificial Intelligence

The range of issues being Nexus of politics, explored by this Study Com- academia and practice mission is very wide, as its full name indicates: “Artificial Another particular feature of Intelligence – Social Respon- study commissions is their sibility and Economic, Social composition – unlike other and Ecological Potential”. bodies at the Bundestag, they Artificial intelligence (AI) – are comprised in equal part put very simply, information of Members of the Bundestag technology which is capable and external experts on an of learning rather than simply equal footing. The latter are computing – is regarded as nominated by the parliamen- one of the biggest technologi- tary groups. The experts are cal drivers of the digital revo- often academics, or specialists lution. It includes computer with practical experience, programs which are, to a who are able to feed in a wide growing extent, capable of range of different perspectives. learning and applying what This concentrated expertise they have learned to new situ- makes study commissions ations, and systems which are akin to internal advisory bod- able to plan processes inde- ies for Parliament, able to pendently, make predictions

5 and interact with people. In some areas, this is already a reality today, and there are many pressing questions should be taken to AI in these which require answers, for areas, but also whether – and example with regard to our if so, what – national, Euro- value systems, fundamental pean and global regulation is and human rights, and the needed to ensure that this benefits for society and the technology works for people. economy. The 38 members of the Study Commission – 19 Members of the Bundestag and 19 experts A human-centric approach – have begun their work under the leadership of Chairwoman The decision establishing the (SPD) and Dep- Study Commission defines uty Chairman the specifics of its remit. The (CDU/CSU). To find answers Commission is to study AI’s to the many questions which opportunities and potential, exist, the Members of the as well as the associated chal- Bundestag and the experts are lenges, and develop answers mapping the current situation, to the many questions which for example, and setting out exist – including technical, development scenarios, legal, political and ethical visions and stakeholders. questions. Its remit sets out They are identifying opportu- the following areas to be cov- nities and challenges for indi- ered: the scientific framework; viduals, society and the state, the state, society and democ- and strategies for a potential racy; values; the economy, legal framework. In addition, and education and research. the Commission’s members The focus is not just on the are also looking at issues of question of what approach liability, the links between

6 • AI and economic affairs (industry/production, finance, business, competition, inno- services, innovation) vation and AI, and AI’s signif- • AI and the state (administra- icance for educational institu- tion, security, infrastructure) tions, public and private • AI and health (long-term research and the world of care, sport) work. “No small task,” said • AI and work, education, Dr Wolfgang Schäuble, Presi- research dent of the Bundestag, regard- • AI and transport (energy, ing this wide range of topics logistics, environment) when he spoke at the Study • AI and the media (social Commission’s constituent media, opinion formation, meeting on 27 September democracy) 2018 and thanked the mem- bers for their willingness to Some of the Study Commis- take on this task. sion’s meetings are public and can be attended in person or followed on Parliamentary The work of the Television. The Commission project groups is thus playing its part in pro- moting transparency – as pub- The Study Commission gener- lic confidence is essential, ally meets once a month. Each particularly when it comes to meeting normally focuses on AI, for the technology to be a specific topic, and the Com- accepted. The decision estab- mission can invite additional lishing the Commission asks guests to furnish information its members to present their at the meeting or commission conclusions and recommen- more in-depth academic stud- dations for action soon after ies on the topic. In addition, Parliament’s summer recess the members have divided in 2020, so that the first steps their work into the following towards implementation can areas, which are explored by be taken before the end of the six project groups. current electoral term.

14 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ CDU/CSU 8 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ SPD 4 ■ ■ ■ ■ AfD 4 ■ ■ ■ ■ FDP 4 ■ ■ ■ ■ Party 4 ■ ■ ■ ■ Alliance 90/The Greens

Number of Members of the Bundestag: 19 Number of experts: 19 Chairwoman: Daniela Kolbe, SPD Deputy Chairman: Stefan Sauer, CDU/CSU

■ Members of the Bundestag ■ Experts

7 Daniela Kolbe, SPD Stefan Sauer, Chairwoman CDU/CSU Physicist, Deputy Chairman b. 22 Feb. 1980 Business administrator, in Schleiz; b. 14 Jan. 1966 unmarried; in Rüsselsheim; two children. married. Bundestag Member Bundestag Member since 2009 since 2017

Members of the Study Commission The 19 Members of the Bundestag and 19 experts

8 , CDU/CSU CDU/CSU spokes- woman on the , Hansjörg Durz, Commission CDU/CSU CDU/CSU Economist, Communications Business administrator, b. 3 May 1989 consultant, b. 29 July 1971 in Esslingen b. 8 Feb. 1984 in Augsburg; am Neckar; in (Saale). married; two children. married. Bundestag Member Bundestag Member Bundestag Member since 2017 since 2013 since 2014

Professor , , CDU/CSU CDU/CSU Cardiac surgeon, MBA , Business administrator, in Healthcare CDU/CSU b. 5 July 1981 Management, Engineer, in Worms; b. 29 Mar. 1966 b. 7 Jan. 1972 in Trier; unmarried. in Neumünster. married; three children. Bundestag Member Bundestag Member Bundestag Member since 2013 since 2017 since 2017

9 René Röspel, SPD , , SPD spokesman SPD SPD on the Commission IT specialist, Business administrator, Biologist, b. 28 Aug. 1961 b. 23 July 1984 b. 9 July 1964 in ; in ; in Hagen, Westphalia; married; three children. unmarried. married; four children. Bundestag Member Bundestag Member Bundestag Member since 2013 since 2017 since 1998

Joana Cotar, , AfD FDP AfD spokeswoman Dr , FDP spokesman on the Commission AfD on the Commission Self-employed, Philosophy lecturer, IT business engineer, b. 6 Apr. 1973 b. 23 May 1968 b. 3 Oct. 1983 in Pitesti, Romania; in Merano, Italy; in Bad Bergzabern; married. unmarried. married; two children. Bundestag Member Bundestag Member Bundestag Member since 2017 since 2017 since 2017

10 Dr , The Left Party The Left Party , spokeswoman FDP on the Commission Economist, Economist, b. 22 Dec. 1980 b. 1 Dec. 1960 in Nuremberg; married. in ; unmarried. Bundestag Member Bundestag Member since 2017 since 2005

Dr , Alliance 90/The Greens Alliance 90/The Greens , spokeswoman , The Left Party on the Commission Alliance 90/The Greens Social worker, Political scientist, Political scientist, b. 22 Apr. 1981 b. 24 Sep. 1983 b. 25 May 1976 in Marbach am Neckar; in Hanover; in Pirmasens; unmarried. married; one child. married; three children. Bundestag Member Bundestag Member Bundestag Member since 2017 since 2017 since 2013

11 Dr Aljoscha Burchardt, Senior Researcher and Dr Florian Butollo, Lab Manager at the Head of the “Work in Professor Hannah Bast, Speech and Language Highly-Automated Professor of Algorithms Technology Lab of Digital-Hybrid Pro- and Data Structures at the German Research cesses” Research Group the University of Frei- Center for Artificial at the Weizenbaum burg and Dean of the Intelligence (DFKI Institute for the Net- Faculty of Engineering GmbH) worked Society

Professor Susanne Dehmel, Wolfgang Ecker, Lawyer and member of Head of the “iCommu- the senior management nity Deep Learning” team of the German think tank on artificial Association for Infor- intelligence at Infineon Professor Alexander mation Technology, Technologies AG, Filipović, Telecommunications honorary professor at Professor of Media and New Media the Technical Uni- Ethics at the Munich (Bitkom) versity of Munich School of Philosophy

12 Professor Sami Haddadin, Professor of Robotics and Systems Intelli- gence and Director of the Munich School of Dr Stefan Heumann, Robotics and Machine Member of the manage- Intelligence, Technical ment board of Stiftung University of Munich Neue Verantwortung e.V.

Professor Antonio Krüger, Dr Tina Klüwer, Director of the Innova- Managing director and tive Retail Laboratory co-founder of the Ber- at the German Research Professor Boris Hollas, lin-based AI start-up Center for Artificial Professor of Artificial parlamind, member of Intelligence (DFKI Intelligence / Theo- the board of the Federal GmbH), Globus retical Informatics at Association of Artificial Foundation Professor Dresden University of Intelligence (KI-Bundes- of Computer Science at Applied Sciences verband) Saarland University

13 Jan Kuhlen, Lawyer and founding Professor Knut Löschke, Andrea Martin, partner of the law Honorary professor Head of the global firm KUHLEN Partner- at Leipzig University Watson IoT Center in schaft von Rechts- of Applied Sciences Munich, IBM Deutsch- anwälten mbB (HTWK) land GmbH

Lothar Schröder, Member of the federal executive of the United Professor Services Union (ver.di) Jörg Müller-Lietzkow, and head of the Depart- Lena-Sophie Müller, President of HafenCity ment of Telecommu- Managing director University Hamburg, nications, Information of the association Professor of Economics Technology, Data Initiative D21 e.V. and Digitalisation Processing

14 Professor Katharina A. Zweig, Professor of Compu- ter Science and head Dr Sebastian Wieczorek, of the Algorithm Vice President of SAP Accountability Lab, SE and Business Lead of Technical University of SAP Data Intelligence Kaiserslautern

15 Information online www.bundestag.de/en/committees/bodies/study/artificial_ intelligence

Twitter: #EnqueteKI

16 Contact details for the Study Commission

Deutscher Bundestag Enquete-Kommission “Künstliche Intelligenz” Sekretariat Platz der Republik 1 11011 Berlin Tel.: + 49 30 227-37372 Fax: + 49 30 227-36538 Email: [email protected] Twitter: #EnqueteKI

17 Published by: German Bundestag, Public Relations Division Coordination: Robert Schönbrodt Text: Katharina Frier-Obad Translated by: Language Service of the German Bundestag, in cooperation with Emma Hardie Design: Marc Mendelson Bundestag eagle: Created by Professor Ludwig Gies, revised in 2008 by büro uebele Photos: p. 2 Deutscher Bundestag (DBT) / Linus Lintner Fotografie; p. 5 DBT / Marc-Steffen Unger; p. 6 DBT / Werner Schüring; p. 19 DBT / stu- dio kohlmeier Portrait photos: p. 3, 8 spdfraktion.de / Benno Kraehahn (Daniela Kolbe); DBT / Julia Nowak (Stefan Sauer); p. 9 Christoph Bernstiel / Christoph Jann (Christoph Bernstiel); Hansjörg Durz / Daniel Biskup (Hansjörg Durz); Ronja Kemmer / Jan Kopetzky (Ronja Kemmer); DBT / Simone M. Neumann (Jan Metzler); Professor Claudia Schmidtke / Jan Kopetzky (Professor Claudia Schmidtke); CDU / Jan Kopetzky (Andreas Steier); p. 10 DBT / Thomas Köhler / photothek (Saskia Esken); SPD-Parteivorstand / Susie Knoll (Falko Mohrs); SPD-Parteivorstand / Susie Knoll (René Röspel); / Michael Kleinespel (Joana Cotar); DBT / Achim Melde (Dr Marc Jongen); DBT / Stella von Saldern (Mario Brandenburg); p. 11 DBT / Inga Haar (Daniela Kluckert); Petra Sitte / privat (Petra Sitte); Jessica Tatti / Gerlinde Trinkhaus (Jessica Tatti); Bundestagsfraktion Bündnis 90/Die Grünen / Stefan Kaminski (Dr Anna Christmann); DBT / Thomas Trutschel / photothek (Dieter Janecek); p. 12 Professor Hannah Bast / privat (Professor Hannah Bast); Nikola Kuzmanić (Dr Aljoscha Burchardt); Martina Sander, WZB (Dr Florian Butollo); Bitkom e. V. / Till Budde (Susanne Dehmel); Professor Wolfgang Ecker / privat (Professor Wolfgang Ecker); Allan Richard Tobis (Professor Alexander Filipović); p. 13 Andreas Heddergott / TU München (Dr Sami Haddadin); Sebastian Heise (Dr Stefan Heumann); Professor Boris Hollas (Professor Boris Hollas); Christin Nöhler (Dr Tina Klüwer); Cluster of Excellence MMCI / Manuela Meyer (Professor Antonio Krüger); p. 14 Normen Passelt (Jan Kuhlen); Professor Knut Löschke (Professor Knut Löschke); Holger Münch (Andrea Martin); CC BY NC 4.0 / Corporate Inspiration (Lena- Sophie Müller); Professor Jörg Müller-Lietzkow (Professor Jörg Müller-Lietz- kow); Kay Herschelmann (Lothar Schröder); p. 15 Dr Sebastian Wieczorek (Dr Sebastian Wieczorek); TU Kaiserslautern (Professor Katharina A. Zweig) Graphic: p. 7 Marc Mendelson Printed by: Druckhaus Waiblingen Remstal-Bote GmbH As at: July 2019 © Deutscher Bundestag, Berlin All rights reserved. This publication has been produced as part of the German Bundestag’s public relations activities. It is provided free of charge and is not intended for sale. It may not be used for election campaign purposes or utilised by parties or parliamentary groups in their own public relations activities. 19 The German Bundestag takes decisions on what are at times highly complex and controversial bills and parliamentary initiatives relating to the entire spectrum of policy fields. Study commissions play an important role in the parliamentary decision-making process. They provide forums where Members and experts – both aca- demics and practitioners – deliberate on significant issues before presenting the results of their work and recommendations to the Bundestag in a final report. www.bundestag.de/en/committees/bodies/study/ artificial_intelligence