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Platypterygius Hercynicus) and Its Implications for the Validity of the Genus

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Platypterygius Hercynicus) and Its Implications for the Validity of the Genus http://app.pan.pl/SOM/app57-Fischer_SOM.pdf SUPPLEMENTARY ONLINE MATERIAL FOR New data on the ichthyosaur (Platypterygius hercynicus) and its implications for the validity of the genus Valentin Fischer Published in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2012 57 (1): 123-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0007 SOM 1 Evaluation of the autapomorphic features that have been proposed for Platypterygius and Myopterygius since Huene (1922). All features are either shared by other Ophthalmosauridae or fail to encompass all species currently referred to as Platypterygius, or both. Ref. Diagnostic character proposed Shared by Not found in Reference Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 Large skull Caypullisaurus Fernández, 1997 Ophthalmosaurus Kirton, 1983 Bardet and Fernández, 2000; pers. Aegirosaurus Short post-orbital region obs. Nannopterygius Kirton, 1983 All Platypterygius spp. Pers. obs. Long body Subjective Short caudal fin Poorly known in Ophthalmosauridae All Thunnosaurian Platypterygius) Dicephalous thoracic ribs Maisch and Matzke, 2000 ichthyosaurs Nannopterygius Kirton, 1983 New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review Humerus with two distal facets Only found in P. Broili, 1907 Huene, 1922 ( Huene, platydactylus Many Ophthalmosauridae Longipinnate Fernández and Aguirre-Urreta, P. hautali 2005 Broad forefin thanks to sesamoid Many Ophthalmosauridae e.g. Motani, 1999 elements Undorosaurus Efimov, 1999 Not much reduced hindfin New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review Many Ophthalmosauridae Sirrotti and Pappazzoni, 2002; Platypterygius sp. Slender snout Fischer, unpub. data P. campylodon Kiprijanoff, 1881 P. platydactylus Broili, 1907 Maxilla with long posterior (sic) Meaning unclear extension, nearly reaching nostril Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 Undorosaurus Efimov, 1999 Teeth with bulbous roots Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell, 2006a Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 Ophthalmosaurus icenicus Kirton, 1983 Myopterygius) Presence of a dentine ring Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer, in prep Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell, 2006a Ophthalmosaurus Kirton, 1983 Huene, 1922 ( Huene, Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 Crown with sharp longitudinal ridges Aegirosaurus Fischer et al., 2011 P. americanus Nace, 1941 Caypullisaurus? Fernández, 1998; 2007a Enormous trochanters on humeri and New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review femora P. ochevi Arkhangelsky et al., 2008 Platypterygius sp. Choo, 1999; Fischer, unpub. data Many Ophthalmosauridae Latipinnate Fernández and Aguirre-Urreta, Only found in P. hautali 2005 Some Otschevia Arkhangelsky, 2001 More than one preaxial digit Plutoniosaurus Efimov, 1997 Caypullisaurus Fernández, 2001 Overall digital count ≥ seven Aegirosaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000 Plutoniosaurus Efimov, 1997 Many Ophthalmosauridae Three primary digits (=longipinnate) Fernández and Aguirre-Urreta, P. hautali 2005 Caypullisaurus (23) Fernández, 2001 Maximum # elements longest digit ≥ 19 Aegirosaurus (20) Bardet and Fernández, 2000 P. platydactylus Broili, 1907 Stout, crescentic pisiform articulating P. campylodon Kiprijanoff, 1881 with ulna, ulnare, and humerus P. platydactylus Broili, 1907 New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review Humerus with large trochanters Caypullisaurus Fernández, 1998 Brachypterygius McGowan and Motani, 2003 Two to three distal facets, including one McGowan, 1972 McGowan, Equivocal for pisiform New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review Irregular pentagon-shaped intermedium Other "Longipinnates" with no humerus contact Fernández and Aguirre-Urreta, P. hautali 2005 Caypullisaurus Fernández, 1997 Carpals and phalanges with straight Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell, 2006a edges New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review Polygonal carpals with median Same as previous character constriction Distal phalanges probably never lose Assumption proximal articular contact Digital bifurcation probably never All Ophthalmosauridae e.g. Motani, 1999 occurs Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 P. campylodon Kiprijanoff, 1881 Maxilla extremely long anteriorly Sirrotti and Pappazzoni, 2002; Platypterygius sp. Fischer, unpub. data Aegirosaurus (some Bardet and Fernández, 2000 specimens) Caypullisaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000 Snout ratio ≥ 0.68 Brachypterygius Bardet and Fernández, 2000 Only found in P. Romer, 1968; Paramo, 1997 americanus; P. sachicarum Orbital ratio < 0.15 P. hercynicus This work Smaller sclerotic aperture Ontogenetically variable Fernández et al., 2005 Undorosaurus Efimov, 1999 Tooth present and stout Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell, 2006a Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 No basioccipital peg Most Ophthalmosauridae Maxwell, 2010 Very stout stapes with round head Autapomorphic of Stenopterygius + Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 Adult skull > 1 m Caypullisaurus Fernández, 1997 Undorosaurus Efimov, 1999 Quadrangular root section Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell, 2006a 1990 1990 Bardet, New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review Low-crowned skull Meaning unclear Bardet and Fernández, 2000; Aegirosaurus Fischer et al., 2011 Long snout Some Caypullisaurus Fernández, 2007b specimens Caypullisaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000 Small orbit Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 P. hercynicus This work Caypullisaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000 Broad postorbital region Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 Athabascasaurus Druckenmiller and Maxwell, 2010 Undorosaurus Efimov, 1997 Strong dentition Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 External naris subdivided New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review Septomaxilla well ossified Never mentioned explicitly in any Ophthalmosauridae Squamosal lost P. hercynicus This work Many P. "campylodon" Semi-hemispherical occipital condyle Pers. obs. specimens All advanced Extracondylar area extremely reduced e.g. Maxwell, 2010 Ophthalmosauridae Atlas-axis co-ossified with third P. americanus Maxwell and Kear, 2010 cervical centrum P. australis Maxwell and Kear, 2010 Maisch and Matzke, 2000 2000 and Matzke, Maisch Intercentra not differentiated Meaning unclear Humerus with very strong trochanter New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review dorsalis P. campylodon Kiprijanoff, 1881 2: Nannopterygius Hulke, 1871; Kirton, 1983 2: New Fischer et al., in review Ophthalmosauridae 3: all other Two or three distal facets Ophthalmosauridae 3-4: P. australis Wade, 1984; Zammit et al., 2010 4: P. sp. Maxwell and Caldwell, 2006b 4: P. hercynicus Kolb and Sander, 2009 Anterior and posterior accessory digits Most Ophthalmosauridae e.g. Motani, 1999 well developed Caypullisaurus Fernández, 1997 Closely fitting, block-like phalanges Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell, 2006a New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review Reduced pelvis and hindfins Most Ophthalmosauridae e.g. Maisch and Matzke, 2000 P. hercynicus Kolb and Sander, 2009 Oblique radial facet P. australis Wade, 1984 Caypullisaurus Fernández, 1997 Aegirosaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000 More than 1 postaxial digit Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell, 2006a P. platydactylus Broili, 1907 P. hercynicus Kolb and Sander, 2009 Crescentic pre- and postaxial elements Platypterygius sp. Fischer, unpub. data More than 25 elements in the longest Wade, 1984; Kolb and Sander, Only found in P. australis and possibly P. hercynicus digit 2009; Zammit et al., 2010 Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 Numerous, robust teeth well anchored Bardet and Fernández, 2000; in dental grooves Aegirosaurus Fischer et al., 2011 Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 Orbital ratio < 0.20 Aegirosaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000 McGowan and Motani, 2003 and 2003 McGowan Motani, Caypullisaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000 Brachypterygius McGowan, 1976 Aegirosaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000 Snout ratio > 0.66 Caypullisaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000 P. platydactylus Broili, 1907 P. hercynicus Kolb and Sander, 2009 Flat, oblique anterior surface of the Variable amongst Pers. obs. basioccipital Ophthalmosauridae Khudiakovia Arkhangelsky, 1999 Plutoniosaurus Efimov, 1997 Four bone-wide epipodium Caypullisaurus Fernández, 2001 3: P. ochevi Arkhangelsky et al., 2008 3: P. americanus? Maxwell and Kear, 2010 2006b 2006b Extreme hyperphalangy Caypullisaurus Fernández, 2001 P. hercynicus (8 with Maxwell and Caldwell, Forefin eight or more digits wide Kolb and Sander, 2009 additional internal digit) Brachypterygius Coarsely striated conical tooth crowns Aegirosaurus Fischer et al., 2011 2007 2007 Barrett, Kear and P. americanus Nace, 1941 Internasal foramen present Many Neoichthyosauria Maisch and Matzke, 2000 No basioccipital peg Most Ophthalmosauridae e.g. Maxwell, 2010 Height/length dorsal vertebrae >2 in all New Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al., in review dorsals Ophthalmosaurus Massare et al., 2006 New Ophthalmosauridae Height cervical centra/neural arc < 1 Probably other Fischer et al., in review Ophthalmosauridae P. americanus? Maxwell and Kear, 2010 Triangular posterior dorsal vertebrae P. campylodon Kiprijanoff, 1881 Humerus with constricted shaft Most Ophthalmosauridae e.g. Motani, 1999 Ophthalmosauridae Humerus with poorly expanded distal Kolb and Sander 2009 2009 Kolb and Sander without extensive pre- end and/or postaxial facets Ophthalmosaurus e.g. Kirton, 1983 Aegirosaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000 Radius smaller than ulna Khudiakovia Arkhangelsky, 1999 P. australis Wade, 1990 References Arkhangelsky, M.S. 1999. On a new ichthyosaur from the Callovian stage of the Volga region near Saratov. Paleontological Journal 33: 88-90. Arkhangelsky, M.S. 2001. On a new ichthyosaur of the genus Otschevia
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