November. 2020 Vol. 05 Living With COVID-19, World After COVID-19 Lead Interview

Contents H

A Science Dream Created by People Special Interview Technology and Innovation Center Living With COVID-19, World After COVID-19: A New Era Hajime Yoneda×Megumi Tamiwa ……22 Special Content Changing Threats to Opportunities (Owner/chef, HAJIME) (Superintendent of the Board of ideyuki Living With COVID-19, World After COVID-19 Education, Kasai City, Hyogo Prefecture) Lead Interview Defining the Researcher ⑤ Hideyuki Kasuga ……01 Shota Hori IAQ Technology Group ……24 Era of Changing Work Styles (Entrepreneur/Researcher/Producer/Gallery owner) Improving Health and Creativity Using the Air An Era of Change Provides Opportunities for People with Original Perspectives to Flourish Key Technology ⑤ Synergy with Air Conditioners Expected Symposium AirBecause of the COVID-19 Crisis Filter ……28 Antivirus measures that only Daikin can provide Epidemic Prevention through Potential Recent External Presentations ……32 of the Air—Providing Comfortable and ……04 Safe Living while Fighting COVID-19 A Science Dream Created by People Vol.05 About Challenge Technology and Nov.2020 Moriaki Kusakabe (Project Professor at the Research Center for Food Innova tion Center Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo) If you remove the letters “lle” from the word Living With COVID-19, Special World After COVID-19 “challenge” it leaves “change.” Content ×Nobuki Matsui×Satoshi Hara×Kiyoshi Kuroi Changing The title of this publication reflects the change Threats to Special Feature which comes about through challenge, which is Opportunities Human Knowledge: Changing the aim of TIC (Technology and Innovation ……09 Lead Interview Hideyuki Kasuga

An Era of Change

TIC seeks collaborative partners with whom to generate new value. Provides Opportunities for People Center) and lies at the heart of our corporateFor further inquiries, please contact: [email protected] with Original Perspectives to Flourish What Humankind Has Changed and Will Change Date of publication: November 25, 2020 (Volume 05) Published by Technology and Innovation Center, Daikin Industries, Ltd. 1-1, Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan (within Yodogawa Plant) in the Struggle against with Epidemics culture. http://www.daikin.com/about/corporate/tic/index.html Phone: +81-6-6195-7051 (switchboard) Cover design: Akane Sakagawa（akanekodo） Interview Photography: Masatoshi Uenaka Living With COVID-19, World After COVID-19: Changing Values Chief editor ● Kenichi Azuma ・Filling the Gap Between Data and the Real World ……16 Planning and editing ● Jun Kobayashi (Technology and Innovation Ichiro Sakata (Professor, Faculty of Engineering Vice President and Center, Daikin Industries, Ltd.), Tamiwa Office Co., Ltd. Director, Office for Management Planning University of Tokyo) English ver. Supervisor ● Yuki Kunimatsu（Technology and Innovation Center, Daikin Industries, Ltd.） ・AI Needed to Deal with Variance and Uncertainty ……18 Writers ● Yuko Hashimoto, Kurumi Kamimura, Ichiro Erokumae Minoru Etoh (Professor, Open and Transdisciplinary Research Photography ● Masatoshi Uenaka, Yuta Fukitsuka Initiatives, Osaka University) Design & DTP ● Tamiwa Office Co., Ltd. (Ippachi Yayoi) Language Translation ● Dynaword Incorporated ・COVID-19 Accelerates Adoption of Remote Healthcare by Society ……20 Photography cooperation ● Aflo Co., Ltd., Photolibrary Koshin Sekimizu (President and CEO PROVIGATE Inc.) Printer ● Sanshodo Co., Ltd. K

Five Daikin Products Win the Invitation to Web “Challenge” Good Design Award Please visit our web site at: asuga in 2020 https://www.daikin.com/about/corporate/tic/magazine/ The Good Design Award (organized by the Japan Institute of Design Promotion) evaluates and recognizes the quality of various designs that aim to improve people’s lives and society. In fiscal 2020, Daikin products won five awards, and we introduce two of them here.

・The Cassette Air Conditioner, Designed for

Best C A Science Dream Created by People Vol.02 the Southeast Asian Market (Daikin Malaysia) Technology and Sep.2017 Innova tion Center

ha lle A Science Dream 1 0 0！ Created by People Technology and Innova t Vol.03 ion Center May.2018

A design produced by designers Special Feature Human Knowledge

Special A Science Dream Feature Daikin Undergoes Transformation Created by People Sleep Technology and based at Daikin Malaysia—it was Innova t Carving out ion Center Vol.04 Jan.2020

nge Daikin’s Future Special selected among the top 100 awards. Feature with AI and IoT Increasing Sensitivity to Change Interview Ei-ichi Negishi Daikin’s Role “I hope researchers can learn as the First Step TIC seeks collaborative partners with whom to generate new value. In addition to a new design method Date of publication: May 1, 2018For (Volume further inquiries,03) please contact: [email protected] how to independently identify

TIC seeks collaborative partners with whom to generate new value. new topics toDate challenge, of publication: Jan 10, 2020 (Volume 04) 1-1, Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan (within Yodogawa Plant) Toward Changing http://www.daikin.com/about/corporate/tic/index.html TIC seeks collaborative partners with whom to generate new value. For further inquiries, please contact: [email protected] Published by Technology and Innovation Center, Daikin Industries, Ltd. Interview avoiding attachment to theFor further past” inquiries, please contact: [email protected] Date of publication: September 29, 2017 (Volume 02) Published by Technology and Innovation Center, Daikin Industries, Ltd. Yoichi Ochiai http://www.daikin.com/about/corporate/tic/index.html1-1, Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan (within Yodogawa Plant) 1-1, Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan (within Yodogawa Plant) Phone. +81-6-6195-7051 (switchboard) http://www.daikin.com/about/corporate/tic/index.html Phone. +81-6-6195-7051 (switchboard) Published by Technology and Innovation Center, Daikin Industries,The Ltd. digital nature society that is just around the corner.

How should the future producing an airflow that does not Phone. +81-6-6195-7051 (switchboard) look for technology? Society

Interview Makoto Gonokami With the Fourth Industrial Revolution blow cold air directly at room Currently Underway, How Are We Going to Build a Better Future Society? occupants, its simple but iconic shaping received high appraisal. Hideyuki Kasuga Details available ・Loop Streamer A compact deodorizer ・Please send your questions, comments, and feedback here! Entrepreneur/Researcher/Producer/Gallery owner designed for spaces ▼ ・W e are looking for subscribers to our free magazine such as home entrance We will send you each new issue after your registration Born in Nagano City in 1973. Completed the Tokyo Institute of Technology Master’s Degree and closets, where ・Introduction to Events Program in 1999. Joined a major composite materials manufacturer and was stationed in Paris. stubborn odors tend to We will provide you with information on TIC guided visits and In 2006, he joined NiKKi Fron Co., Ltd. From 2009 to 2012, he served as Representative Director linger. As well as interactive meetings and President. In 2009, he founded BLANC BIJOU in Paris. Then, in 2012, he founded hide incorporating kasuga 1896 Co., Ltd. In 2018, he completed the Shinshu University Doctoral Program and conscientious design obtained a PhD. In 2019, he established hide kasuga LABO and was appointed as a guest features, Daikin was recognized for its TIC seeks collaborative partners with whom to generate new value. researcher at Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering. That same year, he also powerful corporate stance of challenging For further inquiries, please contact: [email protected] opened gallery de kasuga in Omotesando, Tokyo. expansion of its business domain.

1 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 1 Lead Interview

bolstered our business, in order to conduct direct sales, with the aim of achieving independent operations. I Hideyuki Kasuga established a research center and created our own brand, NiKKi Fron, changing the company name from Nippon Special Machine Industry to NiKKi Fron. Over roughly three years, I prepared the foundation of the An Era of Change Provides Opportunities for People new business. It may appear that I kept moving during with Original Perspectives to Flourish this time but stopping to reflect on my family history which transformed the business in each recession was a strong support to build my growth strategy. Learning the Importance of Having Your Own Philosophy in France, a Country of Function and Sensitivity

In 2012, I retired as president of NiKKi Fron and established hide kasuga 1896 as a planning and development venture company. My experience as an expatriate in France was a major driving factor behind this transition. After I majored in chemistry in my undergraduate studies and conducted my graduate research on resources and the environment, I joined a Top photo, on the right is fluorite. On the left major composite materials manufacturer and was is an artwork entitled JOKIO (a rabbit) fortunate to have the chance to be stationed in France. created from PTFE by sculptor Jacques In France, I was involved in composite development for Owczarek, who is based in France. The lower photo shows hide k 1896 products on luxury sports cars. To this day, I cannot forget what one display at gallery de kasuga. of the engineers at Porsche told me. “I can clearly see that what you have developed has superior functionality. But we want to know about your philosophy.” In November 2019, I opened gallery de kasuga in My family’s company, NiKKi Fron, has its roots in a These words made me realize that the next Japanese Omotesando, Tokyo. This space displays products by the hemp wholesaler established in 1896. Over 120 years manufacturing requires new value with sensibility, that “eternally white” BLANC BIJOU PARIS brand, created have passed since it was founded by my great- is, branding that displays sensitivity. In France, the from nature. COVID-19 is yet another natural disaster from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, a fluoric resin), grandfather, Eitaro Kasuga. Over those years, we have values of function and sensitivity are bound together, brought about by humans intruding too far upon nature. and black-themed hide k 1896 brand of soft carbon seen many economic recessions. For example, during although they initially appear to be in conflict. At the The PTFE used at my family’s company is produced products. It has diverse functions including the Gallery the time of my grandfather, hemp was a product subject core lies philosophy, together with the language by from a mineral called fluorite. I was shocked when I first for contemporary art works, and Academia, with themes to military control, and could not be sold by regular which engineers are able to communicate this broadly. learned this, when I was a high school student. Because of science, art, business and the SDGs. stores. At this time, they developed silk hemp packing, The structure of Japanese industry is often referred to fluorite is a natural resource, it is also a finite supply. Soon after it opened, we were faced with the made from unregulated waste hemp, and acquired a in terms of upstream and downstream, but I sensed that Furthermore, because PTFE is an extremely stable COVID-19 pandemic, and many people expressed their patent. In 1944, the company was established in its these boundaries do not exist in Europe. I aim to substance, it is hard to recycle. We can no longer engage concern. But I do not believe the timing was bad. What current form as an industrial materials manufacturer, communicate in academic terms at the academic society in such one-directional manufacturing activities. For I hoped to achieve with this venue was a new style of Nippon Special Machine Industry Co., Ltd. (now NiKKi where I am a researcher, while using different language future manufacturing, it is crucial to have a perspective luxury consumer business. The word luxury tends to Fron). My father, the third generation, applied his with customers at my gallery. This is because I cannot of management with the environment. This was the give the impression of extravagance and gaudiness, but outstanding management capabilities to the business hope to have my philosophy understood if I use the reason, as an engineer, I developed PTFE recycling for me, the idea of luxury or luxe is something of that he inherited to undertake expansion. But from same language in different settings. technology and built a brand philosophy of “produce superior quality that can be used for many years. In around 2000, pressure from emerging countries and the and recycle.” Considering Japanese Manufacturing in other words, people’s possessions can move them high-valued yen made it harder to manufacture parts in Maybe it is difficult for an unconventional person like the 21st Century from New Perspectives emotionally and make life more comfortable. Japan. I joined Nippon Special Machine Industry during of Management and the Environment me to live in an era of peace. But market circumstances The gallery was created based on the concept of that time of uncertainty, in 2006. Then, just after the change significantly with the times. An era of change taking time to carefully explain the philosophy of our global financial crisis, in 2009, I was appointed The 20th century saw the successive development of provides opportunities for people with unique brand to each individual customer. I believe that this president, earlier than planned. Thus, I was also forced plastics and synthetic fibers, automobiles, electrical perspectives to flourish. If we keep sight of the style of business is well-suited to the “new normal” in to contend with recession. goods, and so on. We enjoyed material abundance, and orientation of the times, we are sure to meet people who this time of COVID-19 and after. I strived to create a new business by rationalizing the were able to attain a convenient, cultured lifestyle. But understand us. Technology and art, upstream and existing operations and effectively utilizing our we were negligent in regard to environmental protection. downstream, business and the environment—I hope to Learning from the Past to Adapt to the Changing Times, Even during Recession management resources. We shifted our main plant, As we entered the 21st century, and can be seen in be at the point of convergence of these factors. Then, I which had become uneconomical, to Thailand, and frequent floods, we are now facing a “counterattack” believe, new value will certainly be produced. D

2 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 3 Symposium

Antivirus measures that only Daikin can provide effective in deactivation of spaces is also essential. viruses. Kusakabe: Here is an example. Epidemic Prevention through Potential Hara: The research theme of our After the nuclear reactor accident Filter Group is developing air following the Great East Japan of the Air—Providing Comfortable and filters. For example, we are also Earthquake, professors from Nobuki Matsui working on a high-performance Tsukuba University measured the Technology and Innovation Center Safe Living while Fighting COVID-19 filter, called a HEPA filter, which indoor and outdoor radiation Group Leader, Energy Management can remove 99.97% of airborne levels, and found that the indoor Group Joined Daikin in 1993. Became the Senior particles. level was higher than the level The damage being inflicted on the world by the COVID-19 is simply too large, which is feared Researcher for air-conditioning systems in outdoors. So we cannot simply to spread through droplet transmission and airborne transmission. How can we overcome this Safety of Spaces is 2007 after serving as a researcher for assume that indoors is safer. To generators, heat accumulators, and difficult situation? A specialist in the virus field, University of Tokyo’s Project Professor Moriaki Essential, Beyond the heat-transport system development, as create a safe space, multi-faceted Safety of the Air well as a strategic unit leader in the Kusakabe and the researchers from Daikin discussed the possibilities of epidemic prevention viewpoints are required that take humidity control field. Has held his through potential of the air. Kobayashi: “Air” is one of the into consideration the climate, current position since 2015. major themes for Daikin. Prof. building structures, and lifestyle Kusakabe, what kind of image in Japan. Moriaki Kusakabe comes up, when you hear, Matsui: When it comes to the Project Professor at the Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate “prevention of airborne disease COVID-19, it is said that we must School of Agricultural and Life transmission?” be concerned about infection Sciences, The University of Tokyo Kusakabe: For researchers, air is through contact, droplet Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural Department, Osaka an extremely important factor transmission, and airborne Prefecture University. Completed a that affects experimental results. transmission. As an air doctoral program at Nagoya University In animal experiments as well, conditioner maker, we can do Satoshi Hara Graduate School of Medicine. Was assigned to his current position in 2007 we have to be extremely careful something about air quality and Technology and Innovation Center Group Leader, Filter Group after serving as an assistant professor at about preventing airborne disease airflow, but cannot prevent Nagoya University’s School of Medicine Joined Daikin in 1995. Engaged in and a General Manager at Riken. Also transmission. Humans infection through contact or technical work related to air filters from served as the chairman of the Japan unconsciously end up bringing in droplet transmission. Various 1996. Mainly worked on evaluation technology development and technical Animal Wellness Association, an NPO. bacteria and viruses into our ideas to reduce contact have been Research fields include developmental service in high-performance PTFE filter biology, anatomical science, histology, laboratory, which hampers our thought up, such as locating products. Has held his current position experimental pathology, laboratory animal experiments. Therefore, we take workers in small rooms away since 2019. science, molecular biology, genetics, and strict measures to avoid bringing from other people and using neuroscience. them into our laboratory, such as partitions to prevent droplet wearing dust-proof clothing and transmission. As a result, Kobayashi: The subject we’d like Kusakabe: I’m currently doing research, from development undergoing an air shower. workplaces and living to discuss today is epidemic risk management research at the related to ventilation to research To prevent epidemics, it is also environments might change in prevention through potential of Research Center for Food Safety on sensing the human immune essential to control both air the future. It seems that as an air the air in light of the current at the University of Tokyo. I’m response and body mechanisms. pressure and airflow. In the past, conditioner maker, we need to COVID-19 crisis. Since Daikin researching food-related factors I’ve also been involved in the I have constructed an animal offer suggestions and develop has specialized in the that affect the invasion and development of streamer experiment building for which I products to match those changes. Kiyoshi Kuroi manufacturing air conditioners metastasis of cancer, and am also technology for air purifiers. calculated factors such as the Kobayashi: Mr. Matsui, you are Technology and Innovation Center for many years, we’d like to exhaustively looking into many Kobayashi: The streamer airflow that comes in or goes out also involved in designing the Group Leader, IAQ Technology Group discuss ideas and the approaches factors in addition to food, such technology that Mr. Kuroi worked due to air pressure changes when air-conditioner system at the Joined Daikin in 2014. Worked on developing deodorizing filters for air we should take with a clear sense as air and microorganisms. on is Daikin’s proprietary the door to the laboratory is Technology and Innovation purifiers and compact streamers at the of mission. Of course, Prof. Matsui: I’ve been involved in technology. This summer an opened. Although designing Center (TIC), aren’t you? Shiga Plant. Moved to IAQ Technology Kusakabe, we have to have you research on generators, heat announcement was made through countermeasures against an Matsui: Yes, in designing TIC, Group at TIC in 2015, and became its leader in 2019. participate remotely because of accumulators, heat-transport a joint research project with the emerging virus is not the same as which was completed in 2015, the COVID-19 situation, but we systems, and air-conditioning University of Tokyo and Okayama building an experiment building, the theme, was to create a space hope we can together come up systems. Currently, I’m University of Science about this we have to rack our brains to conducive to researcher with a variety of ideas and researching energy in air- technology’s ability to inactivate make suggestions and innovation. Regarding the air- unique system for controlling identify the issues. conditioning technologies the novel coronavirus (SARS- development efforts that take the conditioner system, we temperature and humidity First, could everyone please primarily for commercial CoV-2) and mouse coronavirus actual situation into account. introduced a multi-split type air separately. Our design also allows briefly go over your specialties buildings. (MHV-A59), wasn’t it? Matsui: It is certainly not simple. conditioner for buildings to natural wind to flow through the and the research themes you are Kuroi: The group I belong to is Kuroi: Yes. We are also currently That is because, beyond the achieve the highest energy open ceiling space. currently working on? engaged in a wide range of trying to prove that UV is safety of the air, the safety of efficiency, as well as Daikin’s Kobayashi: But you never would

4 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 5 Symposium

have guessed to think about air conditioners encounters a preventing epidemics is transmission using the COVID-19 prevention measures fairly difficult obstacle at present. unknown. In addition, because of supercomputer Fugaku, aren’t … Kobayashi: Why is that? the issue of energy consumption, you? Matsui: Right. Since ventilation Hara: The first reason is a large we want to avoid unnecessarily Matsui: I think you all have seen is of course essential for pressure loss. Other companies’ tight specifications. images that in some way show preventing epidemics, we HEPA filters mostly use glass Additionally, even when viruses the predicted scattering routes of switched to more frequent fibers. In contrast, our company’s are captured, they are mixed droplets through sneezing, ventilation, and found that the products use fluorocarbon fiber with dust, etc., making it difficult coughing, or conversation. These amount of energy consumed by filters. Although fluororesin fiber to inactivate them. images simulate the range to air-conditioning systems jumped filters can hold pressure loss to Kuroi: I understand. Our group is which the droplets travel when a three-fold. less than half that suffered by also conducting research on mask is worn, when a mask is not Group leaders exchanging information in an open space area at TIC, glass fiber filters, even this is still functional filters that are worn, in an office, in a hallway, where air conditioner was done by Mr. Matsui. They are spending days, Capitalizing on Daikin’s devoting themselves to research at the Center with the objective of a problem. combined with chemical agents, or when partitions of various Strengths—Streamers creating dream-inspiring products that bring new values. and HEPA Filters Kusakabe: Since the COVID-19 but chemical agents are not heights are placed on desks. is said to be susceptible to drying, effective if the virus is adhered to Kusakabe: I thought it was very Kusakabe: I see. Suppressing one heat and UV, combining such dust. interesting. When a person different people, depending on environment. thing often causes another issue measures or chemical agents with Kobayashi: Mr. Kuroi, in coughs without wearing a mask, each person’s physical condition Kuroi: No matter how clean the to emerge, doesn’t it? When that a special filter might possibly addition to streamers, I fairly large droplets fly. How far and constitution. indoor air, people cannot avoid issue is about energy inactivate the virus. That kind of understand that you feel UV has they travel varies depending on Kuroi: You are right. Up until being exposed to viruses once consumption which directly approach really interests me. the possibility of inactivating the height of the partition and the now, our group has been they step outside. Therefore, it is affects the cost of living, a Hara: Right. If the effectiveness viruses. angle at which the cough is researching air from the worthwhile to consider that even different approach must be taken. of HEPA filters in preventing Kuroi: Yes. The streamer expelled, and should also be perspective of stress reduction. if they come home after being Earlier, someone mentioned virus epidemics could be proven, I technology does not necessarily affected by factors such as the For example, a good night’s sleep exposed to viruses, they could inactivation, but how about using would want to consider installing work well in all cases. While it is season, the temperature, and the is essential for stress reduction. reduce stress by sleeping well in a filter to capture and inactivate them in air conditioners, as well. good at irradiating and humidity. Using a variety of Sleep is affected by factors such a comfortable air environment, virus? Mr. Hara, you have worked But there is another reason we inactivating a material collected factors in simulations will provide as the temperature and humidity thereby building strong bodies hard on developing HEPA filters. cannot proceed with such a in a specific limited location, it useful data. inside the room. So when a that are resistant to viruses. What do you think of that idea? development. At present, the does not work well if the target is Kobayashi: What is the goal of person is having difficulty Kobayashi: I see. The air and Hara: I think it is important to threshold, i.e., the level to which an entire space or if inactivation the Fugaku project? sleeping, it is necessary to use an space are also keys to building a capture virus. However, trying to the amount of virus in the air has to occur within a short Matsui: The goal is to air conditioner, etc. to adjust the virus-resistant body, aren’t they? install HEPA filters in ordinary must be reduced to be effective in period. Therefore, depending on disseminate information to help temperature and humidity to Method of Managing Physical prevent infection. For example, in the case, it will be necessary to levels conducive to falling asleep. Condition by Detecting develop a technology that Japan, people have come to However, those conditions will Contamination in the Air borrows the power of a chemical assume that they have to wear a also vary depending on the agent or UV. mask in any location. However, person’s age, physical condition, Kusakabe: We have been talking Matsui: In terms of epidemic there are of course locations and and constitution, as well as about how we can clean the air. prevention going forward, we situations where mask wearing is whether his or her immune However, it is impossible to must continue advancing research not necessary. If those situations functions are working normally. eliminate all viruses from the air, to inactivate collected viruses. can be correctly identified, it will So we developed a controller and it is also not easy to define Meanwhile, the current priority not only be safe, but also the specially designed to be used “clean air” from the standpoint of will likely be given to efficiently hassle of wearing a mask can be during sleep that automatically epidemic prevention. Given that, incorporating air conditioners, air reduced. We are hoping to adjusts the temperature setting of it might make sense to instead purifiers, ventilation, etc. into disseminate information that will the air conditioner according to start with the question, “What daily life. be useful for people in realizing a the individual’s sleeping rhythm. does it mean for the air to It is also important to avoid living environment in which they It helps the person to sleep well become contaminated?” Prof. Kusakabe also creating indoor places where can feel safe and secure against throughout the night by For example, let’s consider a conducted experiments viruses can accumulate and reach viral infection through droplet preventing the body from family of four. Assume that the related to Daikin’s streamer technology, a high concentration level. transmission. excessively cooling or warming. air inside their house was and confirmed that 16 Kobayashi: Under the current Kobayashi: Listening to Mr. uncontaminated when three types of pollen, Virus-resistant Bodies COVID-19 crisis, we tend to Kuroi, I realized that removing members of the family were including that of the Supported by the Air Japanese cedar, focus on COVID-19 inactivation. airborne viruses is important, but home, but becomes contaminated Japanese cypress, and Kobayashi: Mr. Matsui, you are However, if we focus on people, it is also important to help build a when the fourth person (the ragweed, can be reduced with the also participating in research on “air that feels safe and secure” body that is resistant to viruses father) comes home. The sensor streamer technology. infection through droplet might mean different things to by providing a comfortable air in the air conditioner will sense

6 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 7 Special Symposium Feature

the contamination and issues an accomplish quickly is to difficult enough, but when the alert. The cause of the summarize and publish weather gets colder from now on, contamination might be exposure guidelines showing what safe air people will hesitate to open Human Knowledge to a virus or alcohol consumption. is from the perspective of windows for ventilation. For this After sensing this, the airflow is epidemic prevention. Unless reason, we need to come up with altered to dilute the there are easy-to-understand an answer in a hurry. contamination or an air purifier is guidelines, repeating a message Kuroi: I feel the same way. used to remove it. I don’t think like “Ventilate your room to Because everyone basically such a scenario is impossible. prevent infection” cannot lead to knows that stagnating air invites Changing Kobayashi: In such a case, what full compliance. For example, it infection, the number of people is specifically sensed? would be better to suggest, “If who use circulators or fans to Kusakabe: Human breath and windows and an air conditioner solve this problem seems to be The history of humankind has also been a struggle against epidemics. gases emanating from human are positioned in such-and-such increasing. However, using these skin. Wouldn’t it be possible for locations in a room of such-and- things incorrectly can sometimes While living in fear of the onslaught of viruses and bacteria, an air conditioner to sense any such a size, it will be effective to worsen room ventilation. humans have changed disadvantage abnormality present in breath or ventilate the room in such-and- Therefore, guidelines are such gases? I’ve been thinking such a way.” essential and if they become into advantage using wisdom and learning. about such a scheme for a long Achieving sufficient ventilation clear, they will give our research Now, we face another fierce battle, against time. If it becomes feasible, it during the summer heat was the standards to measure up to. might become possible, for the new challenge of COVID-19. Despite this, people believe example, to distinguish between COVID-19 patients with mild in a bright future, confronting challenges that require change. symptoms and those who are asymptomatic. Kobayashi: Asymptomatic patients, too? Although this was an online Kusakabe: Yes. Even if a patient symposium, all attendees is not showing any symptoms, if participated in frank an infection has been established, discussions from their own standpoints, creatively something is not working right suggesting ideas and identifying somewhere inside the body, and issues to survive the COVID-19 crisis. the sensor would detect this. The group that would be put in charge of such research might be Mr. Hara: Of course, I understand conditioners become classified as Kuroi’s, which is promoting that establishing guidelines is not health equipment. We hope to visualization. that easy, but they would clarify continue fulfilling our Kuroi: The idea of detecting the requirements for filters, which responsibility as an air breath and skin gases is are essential for preventing conditioner manufacturer along extremely interesting. Although I epidemics. I think that the use of with Prof. Kusakabe’s expertise. D think it would be difficult, I HEPA filters mentioned earlier would like to accept the might also become more feasible. challenge, for sure. Kusakabe: Although there are Reporter for “Symposium” Kobayashi: So it would become many issues to be addressed, I possible not only to prevent hope you will all work hard on Jun Kobayashi Technology and Innovation Center epidemics, but also to manage developing anti-COVID-19 Planner and Editor of Challenge The Triumph of Death, by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, in the Museo del Prado physical conditions using the air? measures, utilizing effective Kusakabe: There are many other combinations of the technologies Although people This masterpiece by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, a 16th century Dutch painter, don’t think that ideas, as well, but we cannot you have created. depicts people of all social classes being attacked by a large army of skeletons. much about the relax our focus now since there is Kobayashi: In this symposium, existence of the air, it The disturbing atmosphere that pervades the painting apparently represents a global pandemic going on. we were able to reaffirm that the holds great potential. the fearful black plague that spread intermittently—a powerful transformation of fear into art. Matsui: That’s right. We have to products Daikin has been I hope to promote With this strength humans have adopted a positive approach and continued quickly do what we can right developing possess great potential collaboration that to tackle innovation through the ages. will put the value now. For this reason, one of the for protecting people’s health. It of air into concrete things we are trying to might not be too long before air solutions.

8 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 9 Special Feature Human Knowledge: Changing

Fear of Epidemics The Development of Medicine and Urban Planning Humans believed they could not change epidemics Convergence of the Power to “Change.” The Menace of The Start of a Realization Epidemic that Shook The Industrial Revolution Ancient Greece Infectious diseases such as The spread of smallpox is thought Led to Filthy Cities and cholera, black plague, smallpox, to have weakened the Aztec state, The epidemic that is thought to Disease typhus, Spanish flu and which controlled the whole of the have led to the downfall of factories. London, known as the New World Expansion People who moved from the tuberculosis have been labeled Mexican plateau in the 15th ancient Greek civilization was factory of the world, was bustling probably typhus or smallpox. and the Industrial countryside to cities lived in squalid “plagues,” bringing fear since century, leading to its demise. Infected people thronged the Revolution Spread with life, but with many workers conditions. Factories constantly ancient times. But the struggle Now, the causes of most temples seeking salvation from exhausted from up to 15 hours of belched smoke from their chimneys, Infectious Diseases and rivers were filled with toxic against infectious diseases is not infectious diseases are known, the gods. work a day, for little pay, it also waste. Long working hours and low just a thing of the past—humans and prophylactic vaccines and Infectious diseases inflicted saw a rise in cases of tuberculosis. wages led to the deaths of many continue to face the menace of antibiotic treatments have become Epidemics have also fanned severe and widespread harm, but Around 1830, one in five people workers from cholera and tuberculosis. bacteria and viruses into the 21st established, but for centuries, the racial discrimination. In the 14th they also had a strong influence are thought to have died from the century. Right at this very causes of infectious diseases were century, Europe experienced on a period of great historical disease. moment, in our current struggle unidentified, and they were social unrest due to the spread of transformation and development. Furthermore, the sudden influx tuberculosis. Communal living with COVID-19, we remain in a tackled with absurd remedies. black plague, and people believed Christopher Columbus of people into the city seeking conditions invited the further situation with no clear way out. In ancient times, people across baseless rumors blaming the symbolizes the Age of work caused rapid deterioration of spread, leading to the deaths of the world believed that disease Jews. This led to terrible Exploration. European discovery hygiene conditions. People drank many of the workers. With Magic, Prayer, and Racial was caused by demons, leading massacres of Jewish people as the of the sea route to India and of water from the Thames that was widespread deaths from Discrimination Society Trembles with them to perform exorcisms and source of infection. Such the American continent in the polluted with sewage and had tuberculosis among the Japanese, Unease other ceremonies. Rituals to discrimination continued into the 15th and 16th centuries led to been simply filtered only, causing it came to be known as the blight prevent disease also flourished. In 19th century. In the United large-scale exchange between the grave health problems. of the nation. Numerous epidemics have left the early eighth century, during States, immigrants were unjustly Eastern and the Western At the start of the 20th century, Rise of Disease scars upon humanity throughout the Nara period, Japan suffered a discriminated against, accused of Hemispheres. From different Japan underwent a similar Prevention Studies, history. Infectious diseases have smallpox epidemic. In those days, introducing cholera and cultures, animals, plants and experience to that of England. and Advancement of recurred as pandemics, causing disasters and epidemics were tuberculosis. foods, even slaves. And, ironically, Under the national policy of Medicines the destruction of cities and entire believed to be due to the qualities Thus, people have repeatedly infectious diseases were also enriching the country and civilizations. Even the foundations of the country’s rulers. Emperor been at the mercy of pandemics. exchanged, including cholera, strengthening the army, women In order to “change” these poor of ancient Greek and Roman Shomu appealed to Buddha, Infectious diseases could not be malaria, smallpox, plague, and suffering overwork and conditions, many countries civilizations were shaken by constructing Todaiji Temple and overcome by human effort alone. syphilis. malnutrition in spinning factories launched reforms in urban epidemics, leading to their the Great Buddha For centuries, they have been a The Industrial Revolution, were highly susceptible to planning and public health. Effort demise. This was also the fate of (Rushanabutsu). He also ordered source of threat to us, a situation which began in England in the the Aztecs, the last great that Kokubunji temples be built that was thought to be impossible late 18th century, also had a civilization of Central America. throughout Japan. to change. strong connection with infectious disease. The wave of technological innovation started in the cotton manufacturing Japan Lost over One industry, spreading to the Third of Its Population William James was a machine and iron industries, leading American to Smallpox in the Mid- philosopher of the drawing many laborers to work in Nara Period late 19th and early 20th century. Construction of the so-called Great His works span the Buddha (Rushanabutsu) at Todaiji fields of philosophy, Those Who Led the Age of Temple began in 745, at the request psychology, and Act as if what you do makes a of Emperor Shomu, and it was physiology. Exploration Were Undaunted by dedicated in 752 with a lavish difference. It does. Disease consecration ceremony. It was created with the hope of resolving William James The Cantino planisphere, drawn in 1502, is believed to social unrest and eliminating be the oldest surviving world map. It records places smallpox. visited by Columbus as well as Vasco da Gama.

10 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 11 Special Feature Human Knowledge: Changing

Spanish Flu, Which Over 90 Years Since Its Founding, Infected Some 500 Tackling Infectious Disease Daikin’s History is the History of Air Million People from and Air Conditioning 1918 to 1920 with Digital Technology In 1951, Daikin launched the “Mifujirator,” Japan’s first Spanish flu was the name given to packaged air conditioner with single-button operation. an influenza pandemic owing to the Changes Made by Air The first unit attracted attention when it was installed great number of infections that in the cafeteria of the Osaka Gas Building in Osaka occurred in Spain during World War Changes Brought through Air city. Later, the packaged air conditioner became the One. The photo shows a US military main style for commercial use, becoming an field hospital overflowing with unprecedented success during Japan’s period of high Spanish flu victims. economic growth. Then, in 1982, Daikin launched a multi-split type air conditioner for With COVID-19, we still await that stays delicious,” “air that Viruses, which are around one tenth the office buildings, enabling control by size of bacteria, are unable to survive independently, the development of a prophylactic does not dictate the floor plan,” floor and room. The company also instead, they attach to living cells and self-replicate in order to vaccine and treatment, but the “air that supports workplace succeeded in reducing running costs, proliferate. Their true form has only become apparent since the releasing successive products in the introduction of the electron microscope. coming digital revolution has diversity,” and “air that help same series. shown us that there are means children concentrate.” Mifujirator air that we can rely on aside from the The company has also conditioner to halt the spread of epidemics recognition of his discovery of people who had contracted medical advancement. pioneered many innovative gave birth to areas of studies such streptomycin. cowpox in the milking or One example is the technologies in Japan. For as public health which focused on Many major pathogens were handling of cows were not supercomputer, Fugaku. example, in 1951, Daikin the health of society as a whole, successively discovered from the susceptible to smallpox. Following Analyzing and visualizing the launched Japan’s first packaged and urban engineering, overseeing late 19th century, and in 1894, 18 years of research, in 1796, he airflow within rooms and human air conditioner, incorporating all improvement of city water supply Shibasaburo Kitasato discovered proved that cowpox was effective exhalations has played a part in the equipment needed for air Multi-split air conditioner for and sewerage systems and the bacterium responsible for the in the prevention of smallpox. In deepening people’s understanding conditioning into one unit. Until office buildings widening of roadways. plague. In 1898, Kiyoshi Shiga the following 200 years, smallpox of COVID-19, and diminishing then, high expertise and intricate Efforts by medical scientists to discovered the organism that was eradicated. This would seem their uncertainty. This has been technical skill was needed from help humans gain sway over causes dysentery and published a long time, but smallpox is possible thanks to the installation to operation for infectious disease began to an academic paper in an actually the only infectious computational capabilities of conventional air conditioning produce results. international journal. But the disease that humans have been Fugaku, said to be the world’s equipment. This innovative For example, in 1882, viruses that cause yellow fever, able to eradicate. fastest supercomputer. As an air product enabled single-button microbiologist Robert Koch Japanese encephalitis, rubella, The invention of the electron conditioning manufacturer, operation. discovered tubercle bacillus, then, polio and others took longer to microscope in the 20th century Daikin has conducted research on Thirty years later, through in 1943, the antibiotic find, as did the establishment of led to advancements in the air for many years, and Daikin’s reform of office building air streptomycin was discovered, and effective medical treatment. understanding of viruses. But data and technological capabilities conditioning, Daikin significantly used to treat tuberculosis. The Viruses, which are minuscule in other infectious diseases such as played a significant part in enhanced work environments. discovery was made by 23-year- comparison to bacteria, were not Ebola virus disease and HIV Fugaku’s analysis. Until then, air conditioning old Albert Schatz, a PhD student visible with optical microscopes. have since been identified, and it Until now, medical science has systems shut down all office units who studied with the famous There was just one exception seems humans will never be been our only hope for dealing together, causing great discomfort American microbiologist Selman —smallpox. It was the English liberated from the fear of with pandemics, but now, we for staff working overtime in Waksman. In 1952, Waksman physician Edward Jenner who infections. Even the plague, have entered a time when we can summer. Then, in 1982, Daikin received the Nobel Prize in established preventative which Japan has not experienced prevent infections by re- launched a multi-split type air Physiology or Medicine in methodology. Jenner saw that since the late 1920s, continues to examining our lifestyles and conditioner, enabling precise affect other parts of Asia and living environment. control by floor and room. This Africa, with roughly 2,000 cases was also a first for Japan. Daikin Achieved Comfort Since then, the company has annually even today. with its Pioneering It is no good to just conduct In fact, humans are constantly continued to innovate. Generally, Technology in JAPAN surrounded by bacteria and air conditioners do not have a Satoru Takanezawa research. Think about how you Digital Engineering Group viruses. Consequently, it is no “Air” is Daikin’s keyword. To ventilation function, instead using Leader and Senior Engineer will put it to use in the world. surprise that pandemics such as date, Daikin has delivered various systems that recycle air from the Technology and Innovation Center Shibasaburo Kitasato the current COVID-19 occur air propositions, under the slogan: room, heating or cooling it. But Takanezawa joined Daikin in 2007, anytime, anywhere. The battle “A Company That Provides Daikin’s Urusara X has gained working in noise reduction for compressors. From 2018, he was Solutions with Air.” Daikin has against infectious diseases is popularity as the only residential- involved in development of Known as the father of Japanese microbiology, never ending. There are still many responded to a variety of needs, use wall-mounted air conditioner computational technology in the he was a medical scientist, microbiologist, and challenges which we must gather including “air that produces able to ventilate while providing Digital Engineering Group. Presently, educator. In 1890, he discovered a treatment he is studying in the PhD Program at for tetanus. Four years later, he jointly together our intellectual comfortable sleeping,” “air that heating and cooling. the Graduate School of Mathematics, discovered the plague bacteria. capabilities in order to change. prevents summer fatigue,” “air Such products are useful during Kyushu University.

12 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 13 Special Feature Human Knowledge: Changing

m u p o COLUMN Komezo’s Musings o Droplet Transmission predicted by Fugaku Z Without a mask With a mask Yuji Yoneda AC flow AC flow Fugaku—the World’s Fastest Computer Daikin Industries, Ltd. ➡︎ ➡︎ Fast is Beautiful Executive Officer General Manager The Fugaku supercomputer won first its predecessor, K aiming to make Technology and place in the Top 500 supercomputer Fugaku a supercomputer that is easy Innovation Center speed ranking, the first time in nine to use by anyone. Its usability has years for Japan. “Fast is Beautiful!” greatly improved as a result, and it is This was the phrase that came to being freely used by automobile where masks are not required, and to mind when we visited the RIKEN manufacturers, and life science design spaces that cut the route of Center for Computational Science in researchers. Going forward, they hope infection when airborne infections ➡︎

➡︎ Kobe. it can also prove useful in emerge. It is the same beauty felt watching the manufacturing, such as using in In recent years, computing technology running form of Usain Bolt, world factory production lines. has entered an age where a surprise is record holder in the 100-meters sprint Since June, Daikin is working on a no longer extraordinary. One day, it ➡︎ ➡︎ —it brings to mind the emotion and COVID-19 Droplet Research Program, may be possible to realize the power excitement of achieving a world together with RIKEN, with which we of Fugaku at the laptop computer Source: “Prediction and Countermeasure for Virus record. conduct comprehensive cooperation. level. It is truly wonderful that Fugaku With tiered seating in an indoor setting, if someone without a mask (left) coughs Droplet Infection under the Indoor Environment,” strongly twice, and this is repeated eight times at eight-second intervals, large Makoto Tsubokura (Team Leader), RIKEN, Kobe Fugaku’s recognition as the world’s In addition to general simulations of has secured the world’s four leading droplets fall on the row in front. Audiences in that row, to each side, face a significant University. From press study meeting video materials, fastest computation is exciting, and droplets and airflow, it is necessary to titles. August 24, 2020. gives us hopes and dreams for the simulate ventilation methods (air Good luck, Fugaku! risk. With a mask (right), small droplets hover around the infected person, and are Sources: RIKEN, Kobe University driven up and dispersed by body heat and airflow from the air conditioner. Cooperation: Toyohashi University of Technology, Kyoto future. flow), airflow distribution, indoor air Good luck to our “Company That Institute of Technology, KAJIMA CORPORATION It is unusual for a general-purpose pressure, and level of air purification, Provides Solutions with Air” supercomputer to rank first in the in order to design spaces that are safe the COVID-19 pandemic as a technology for designing of air prove the effectiveness of world, rather than a specialized and reassuring. The hope is to develop ventilation measure. Furthermore, conditioning and computational partitions on desks in offices, energy-saving supercomputer. a complex model, with non-steady- According to RIKEN Center for state conditions, incorporating office air purifiers with streamer chemistry technology for which were already questioned by Computational Science Director and shop indoor layout, opening and discharge remove not only pollen, development of materials. some, as well as the use of masks. Satoshi Matsuoka, it is like a highly closing of doors and windows, harmful substances, and The high performance of air Until now, mask-wearing had practical car beating a supercar in location and actions of people, to performance. achieve forecasts based on as near as unpleasant odors, and conditioners is thanks to the gained attention for the Fugaku also seeks ease of operation. possible to a realistic environment. experimental data has been computational technology of prevention of transmission to They are maximizing leverage of the In the future, using a digital twin, it released showing that it can Takanezawa and his team. others, but now, masks will also technology and talent cultivated with may be possible to design spaces deactivate the newly discovered Furthermore, they are able to use be shown to be effective as a coronavirus. computation to analyze problems means of preventing infection and Computation is suited to large- world simply by blindly repeating viral infection is a new issue it that emerge in product protecting the individual. scale experiments where it is experiments without computation. must address. Advanced Computational development, leading to their impossible to build equipment, or The project he worked on most Takanezawa laughs, “In the Technology that The Ultimate Goal is to resolution. Their work involves where experiments may pose a recently used computation to world of computation, it is said Supports High- Eliminate Social Performance Products calculation of refrigerant leakage, Uncertainty through risk to participants. That is, when further clarify the relationship that half of the research is done if air-conditioned space, and so on Computation there is no alternative to between airflow from air the question can be formulated The Digital Engineering Group, to enhance safety. computation. conditioners and ventilators, and properly.” which specializes in computation, They were also involved in a Takanezawa has developed According to Takanezawa, droplet transmission, in order to The answer to that question is behind the development of COVID-19 project using their computations to formulaic when people hear the word propose an effective method of will surely bring positive “change” many advanced products. The supercomputer Fugaku. It level, and the extent of their “computation” they may have the D 壁 掛 形 家 庭 用エアコンにおいて infection prevention without for the world. group, led by Satoru Takanezawa, analyzed定期的な窓開け the換気も degree of computations is extraordinarily impression that it is a highly reducing air conditioner efficiency. 換気しながら冷房出来る 合わせてご利用ください。

is considered as a brain※1 trust distribution of droplets in order to broad—he believes there is specialized field. People think it is He believes, with the 唯一のエアコン。［給気方式］ within Daikin. They are mainly guide space design. Thanks to absolutely nothing in the world far from being used in daily life, COVID-19 pandemic, many Reporter for “Changing” 新 鮮な空 気を取り入 れながら、お部 屋の空 気を涼しく 上手な換気の方法も公開 換気することによって、健康 involved in computational で快適な生活に役立つ情報this project, they were able to that cannot be computed. but that is not true. It wouldn’t be people want to know about this, をお伝えしていきます。 ※1 2020年4月30日現在。壁掛形家庭用エアコンにおいて、当社独自の給気換気を採用。 Kenichi Azuma an overstatement to say that and Daikin, as a “Company That Chief Editor of Challenge Ventilation by Air Conditioner, thinking is computation. When Provides Solutions with Air” has Technology and Innovation Center Made Possible by Daikin new ideas spring to mind, we a responsibility to address these The people we Regular air conditioners only heat or cool consider how we can achieve needs and concerns. spoke to through Air conditioner simultaneously ventilates the air within a room, but Daikin’s Urusara them. That “What should I do?” While continuing low-profile the interviews Hose draws moisture from outside X air conditioners also provide ventilation. provided much is computation. We are already work to resolve questions on In winter, the air conditioner draws moisture encouragement— from the outside air to humidify the air starting to compute the matters in infection prevention, long-term, possessing an Fresh air is brought indoors. Daikin’s unique humidifying in from outside our head. his earnest desire is to eliminate overwhelming technology does not require a water feed. Takanezawa, who works in the social uncertainty through spirit to turn the COVID-19 crisis forefront of the digital age, computation. Daikin air purifiers use the company’s unique into an opportunity Streamer technology to oxidize and decompose harmful substances, believes in the power of Until now, Daikin has provided for greater action. They made a strong * Air conditioner draws in air ＊屋from外の空気と both合わせて、室内の空気も吸い込んで運転しています。 outside and inside. including bacteria and viruses. The humidifying function is also impression of how people should behave controlled automatically. By combining this with the air cleaning computation. He thinks that it solutions to various air-related when faced with adversity. エアコン連動換気 エアコン停 止中でも換 気できるモード（24 時間換気） function, the aim is to achieve an optimal air environment. would be hard to change the issues, and now prevention of も選 択できます。 屋 外から新 鮮な空 気を取り込み、エアコンを運 転しながら ●24時間換気の運転音は最大58ｄBです。（音圧レベル：45ｄB） 測定機種：S56XTRXP 室内換気が行えます。 ●「24時間換気」設定中は、エアコンが停止中でも通常の運転と同様に室内機のフラップ が開き風が吹き出します。リモコン表示、本体のランプ表示はありません。停止したいときは、 Reference: The Art of Medicine: Over 2,000 Years of Images and Imagination 1st Edition by Julie Anderson, Emm Barnes & Emma Shackleton (Kawade Shobo Shinsha); 14 連動する運転モードChallenge冷房 暖房2020除湿 Vol.加湿 空清 05送風 自動 メニューで「切」に設定してください。 ●換気設備型式適合認定の機器ではありません。 15 “Kowakute nemurenakunaru kansensho” (“Infections too fearful to sleep”) by Harue Okada (PHP Institute, Inc.) 6 畳程度 8畳程度 10畳程度 12畳程度 14畳程度 18畳程度 20畳程度 23畳程度 26畳程度 29畳程度 （2.2kW） （2.5kW） （2.8kW） （3.6kW） （4.0kW） （5.6kW） （6.3kW） （7.1kW） （8.0kW） （9.0kW） 給気換気量 22m3/h 22m3/h 26m3/h 26m3/h 29m3/h 32m3/h 32m3/h 32m3/h 32m3/h 32m3/h （給気風量）

JIS8330準拠。運転モード：「強」（室内機の風量５） 測定条件：標準ダクト使用、 ホース長さ４ｍ、曲げ回数5回（室内接続ダクト含む）大気開放条件。 換気しながら冷暖房できる 設置条件、使用状況によっては風量が低下します。 ハウジングエアコンもご用意しています。（給気方式） ホース長さが２ｍ増えるごとに給気換気量（給気風量）は約７％低下します。 天井埋込カセット形 床置形 シングルフロータイプ VRシリーズ ●定期的な窓開け換気なども合わせてご利用ください。 ●エアコン連動換気時は運転音が0.5ｄB CRシリーズ 程度上昇します。 測定機種：S56XTRXP ●使用環境によって室温、湿度の変化が大きくなる 場合があります。 ●給気換気機能のみで建築基準法に定められる住宅の必要換気量すべてをまか P.61 P.65 3 なうものではありません。環境により換気量や室内の空気の入れ替えにかかる時間は変わります。 Interview Living With COVID-19, World After COVID-19: Changing Values

communicate with each other. their home countries when the classes went online. In At the University of Tokyo, meetings of the Board of the U.K., universities are facing financial difficulties Where Are the Opportunities? Directors and all other meetings are currently being held since they were relying on providing tuition to online. So far, we have been able to have the same international students. Filling the Gap discussions as before because we have existing The University of Tokyo does not rely on international relationships. Because we know each other, we see each students financially, but it values the diversity it enjoys Between Data other’s peculiarities and certain people making witty through the talented people it attracts from around the comments, and we understand that they mean no harm. world. Compared to the U.S. and other countries, data (Brought into Focus I wonder how we would feel, though, if this continued space sustainability is better and the real-world space is for three years. I think the trust we share would fade, safer in Japan. There is a strong awareness among the by COVID-19) and meetings would no longer be like they are today. public, as well. Further tightening of measures to In the past, there was no need to pay for the guarantee safety on-campus will give the University of and the Real World communication that builds trusting relationships Tokyo a serious advantage over other universities in between people. However, in after COVID-19 world, or terms of accepting international students. This is another a world where we have to live with COVID-19, I expect important reason for putting lessons online when a we will treasure opportunities to build relationships, and physical presence on-campus is not required. particularly value real-world activities and activities that require face-to-face interaction with others. Actually, at Innovation the University of Tokyo, we are trying to compete with Happens as In Japan, the culture of data- universities around the world by offering the value of Data Space handling companies and real- offline activities on-campus. At the same time as world companies is completely Ichiro Sakata tightening restrictions on entering the campus, we are and Reality different. This is what makes it Professor, Faculty of Engineering Vice President and Director, increasing the level of on-campus activities. Converge so difficult for these types of Office for Management Planning University of Tokyo At the start of the school year in April, we started the company to come together. In normal curriculum with all lessons being offered online recent years, we have seen business collaborations How will the COVID-19 pandemic change the world? To help answer this question, Ichiro Sakata, Daikin for large student classes. To a certain level, including between data-handling companies and real-world Industries Fellow and Vice President of the University of Tokyo, discusses innovation in the fields of questions and answers is possible online with a little companies, such as between SoftBank and Toyota, or education and information science. practice. between DeNA and Nissan. Despite the inherent On the other hand, activities that are necessary, such difficulties of such a union, COVID-19 has forced these Focusing on eco-friendly world. However, with the sudden “closure” as practical experiments and individual guidance on companies to join forces. New Values COVID-19 has of the real world caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, theses that require one-on-one, face-to-face interaction Examples of such collaborations at Daikin would Based on Human forced the acceleration issues that we have been addressing at leisure suddenly with lecturers, are continuing offline, although with time include initiatives that focus more on the virtual than on of structural changes in needed to be addressed more immediately. restrictions. monozukuri (manufacturing), such as developing air Sensibilities society, which were Structural changes in the tone of society have been At the same time, when we turn to the situation of spaces that are safe for people to interact. In a already occurring before the pandemic. The change that brought into sharp focus with the spread of COVID-19, universities around the world, for example, international collaborative research project with the University of I am talking about includes sustainability of the Earth so people are now more passionate for new values based students in the U.S. are quite dissatisfied at the Tokyo, it is looking at creating safe environments and humankind. It is not only the natural environment on human sensibilities. government when they decided to send them back to through appropriate positioning of air purifiers, which but also cyberspace, i.e. reducing mental abuse on SNS. What I mean by “new values based on human provide the same level of safety for people without Even in my specialty, the field of data science, data sensibilities” is that people now value more intangible masks as those with masks. In other words, value can be space sustainability was something we were very aware things, as evidenced by the purchase of products with added not just by air purifiers but also by providing of even before COVID-19. reduced environmental impact, and personal expertise on installation. On the other hand, data- With things like the spread of fake news, data space participation in ethical activities. Businesses that have handling companies are also on the attack by creating itself was in a much worse state than the natural world. identified these new values have been growing since real-world spaces. Initiatives that target the gap between But then with COVID-19, many were forced to start before COVID-19, and I think that this trend will grow these two types of company will certainly pick up pace using this data space, only to find it in that terrible stronger after COVID-19, or “during the COVID-19,” going forward. condition. Everyone must already be familiar with the world. We should use data science to accurately observe ruined situation, since they were having doubts about social activities and use comparisons with AI to rethink installing the contact-confirming application COCOA for Competitive the stereotypes and adherence to low-value styles that smartphones, and having concerns about the security of Advantage of Valuing New values previously hindered innovation. We should also fill gaps online meetings. based on human in efficiency by linking many different fields. If we do On the other hand, the direction that modern society Real Activities sensibilities will Ichiro Sakata this, we will see many new innovations emerge even is taking is not changing. It is seeking to improve On-Campus at also lead to Born in 1966. His interests span energy and sustainability, after COVID-19, or “during the COVID-19,” world. D nanotechnology, innovation policy in the information sciences convenience through intelligent connections between University of Tokyo changes in the field, technology management, regional clusters, and agricultural physical, or real, space and data space, and create an way people policy. He became a Daikin Industries Fellow in 2016.

16 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 17 Interview Living With COVID-19, World After COVID-19: Changing Values

AI-based Digital unaware of the digital commons learning method and Digital Where Are the Opportunities? Transformation Targeting need to come to school once a month to pick up paper ICT Literacy Equivalent transformation assignments to do at home. is accelerating Another example is my mother’s home. I organized a to High Literacy Rates of all around the computer and optical fiber so we should be able to get AI Needed to Edo Period world. Before together for online socializing, but it is not possible Deal with COVID-19, because there is no-one there to show her how to use people spoke of the necessity of digital transformation, Zoom. Variance and but the spread of this pandemic has forced the I think there are still many people in Japan who are transformation upon us. not quite there yet, including students studying Uncertainty Known in Japan as teleworking, this transformation is independently to improve themselves, students who only most obvious in the application of Work From Home do assignments that they have been assigned, and older (WFH) policies. Company meetings, university lectures, people knocking on the door of the internet but who and other gatherings have moved into the online space cannot enter. with the Zoom video conferencing service. The Ministry The literacy of the average Japanese person in the of Health, Labour and Welfare was already prepared for Edo period (1603–1867) was apparently one of the teleworking when it formulated the “Guidelines for the highest in the world. Access to books created an appropriate introduction and implementation of off-site environment that brought happiness. work using information and communications technology” With the pandemic, the digital divide will be more in 2018. During declared states of emergency, the significant moving forward. I would like to use the AI Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism interface to fill in the gap that might prevent some Minoru Etoh was also relaxing acceptance criteria for use of roads for people from having access. The well-being through Professor, Open and Transdisciplinary takeout and outdoor dining. With the technologies and digital transformation is achievable for everyone. I Research Initiatives, Osaka University legislation in place, it was possible for digital seriously want to bring back the accessibility like the transformation to proceed. Edo Period that brought happiness. Professor Minoru Etoh predicts that the pandemic-fueled acceleration However, with this acceleration of digital of digital transformation will increase the digital divide. He discusses transformation came the issue of the digital divide. In Using AI to Deal what new roles AI will take in this divided world. the middle of the pandemic, I was holding online with Uncertainty With the COVID-19 meetings with prestigious school students and they were That Is Too Much pandemic, there is a Science Is a Means of to implement “dialogue for consensus-making,” including all using virtual labs as places to gather and study online. new need to deal with As a person declaring a state of emergency and deciding on which You see, the internet is a “digital commons” where for the Human variance and Dialogue for Getting Brain Closer to the Truth who handles contact-confirming systems to use. The protocol that people can go to use data and tools. uncertainty. One way data, every time enables this to happen in Japan is democracy. On the other hand, there are some students who are to think of these I see or hear the media say that “over 300 people have After we have had these dialogues, we need to instabilities is the acronym VUCA, which is originally a been infected by COVID-19 today,” I really want them to implement the “sustainable dialogue,” which includes military term that stands for volatility, uncertainty, use the phrase “new positive cases” instead. After all, determining how to protect human rights and lives. The complexity and ambiguity. “newly infected people” is not a statistic that can be problem is that in Japan right now, we are implementing It has now become a necessity to handle VUCA observed. this “sustainable dialogue” without having implemented situations with AI. An example of this is the AI systems In the book Infuruenza 21 seiki [The Twenty-first the “dialogue for one-way knowledge transfer.” Dialogue used by manufacturers for handling supply chain Century of Influenza], published by Bunshun Shinsho in essentially requires empathy and the ability to think management, which enables accurate use of databases 2009 after the new 2009 influenza pandemic, author from other people's point of view. However, the lack of to optimize the supply of products that must be sourced Hideaki Sena speaks about the Crossroad gaming this ability is currently bringing a horrifying, unforgiving from various internal and external suppliers. In other technique developed by Katsuya Yamori from Kyoto society. 2020 was the year that epidemiology and data words, humans are using AI to manage things that are University, Toshiko Kikkawa from Keio University , and science met for the first time. The classic method of beyond the processing capacity of human brains. others. The technique presents three steps required for simulating the spread of infectious diseases is the SIR The only way to deal with VUCA situations is agile responding to pandemics: dialogue for one-way model, which was developed in 1927. Actively development, which enables improvements to be made knowledge transfer, dialogue for consensus-making, and incorporating AI-based data science into this model can Minoru Etoh while testing the market and making changes as you go. sustainable dialogue. potentially get us closer to the truth of COVID-19. Serving as senior vice president at NTT DOCOMO from 2012, he For people who prefer to proceed according to a plan, Science is one means of dialogue for getting closer to Unfortunately, the fact is that we still lack the statistical promoted the development of a cloud-based platform and the this method might seem a bit haphazard. Nevertheless, optimization of data analysis using AI in the company. He has the truth. For the COVID-19 pandemic, the first thing data needed to make use of AI. the VUCA perspective is another useful method for been a professor at Osaka University’s Open and needed to do is use mathematics and statistics as Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives since 2017. He is also gaining understanding in the middle of economies protocols for implementing this “dialogue for one-way president of Mirai Translate, Inc. and president of opening and closing repeatedly as COVID-19 positive COTOBADESIGN, Inc., while supervising research on the D knowledge transfer.” artificial field conducted under the CREST program sponsored by cases rise and fall. Following that, the government needs to play its part Japan Science and Technology Agency.

18 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 19 Interview Living With COVID-19, World After COVID-19: Changing Values

COVID-19 diabetics able to control their blood glucose levels on a Driving Adoption One aspect of daily basis through diet therapy or exercise therapy, they Where Are the Opportunities? COVID-19 that is do not require injections and also do not require of Remote now becoming clear is immediate blood glucose measurements. For those Healthcare by that it causes vascular people, it is more important to self-manage their average COVID-19 Accelerates Society disease through a blood glucose levels on a long-term and daily basis. Adoption of Remote “cytokine storm” In light of this, PROVIGATE is creating an IoT system produced by inflammation of the circulatory system. that combines a sensing device with a coaching Healthcare by Society Basically, the problem with diabetes is that the application to enable diabetics to easily monitor rough circulatory system can be damaged, and complications average blood glucose levels. With ongoing government Analog Sensors and arise, if blood glucose content increases too much. grants and other support, we are collaborating with the This is why diabetics have a higher risk of severe University of Tokyo Hospital to develop this system. IT Combine illness if they catch COVID-19, which would also make When one of the people with diabetes told me that it more difficult to attend hospital. In these situations, in they are not living just to manage their blood glucose, it the U.S. for example, remote consultations are available brought me a sense of realization. They should be able for diabetics on a temporary or exceptional basis, and to have days where they can go on a trip and just enjoy they are having good outcomes. We expect this system eating. What is important is to make blood glucose to become more common going forward. management a stress-free part of their daily lives that Diabetes affects about 10% of the Japanese can be continued long-term, like breathing. We want to population, who generally have to visit a hospital once develop a mechanism with minimal impact, like the air every one to three months for blood tests. The most that we breathe, that enables anyone to live active lives. Koshin Sekimizu common way to measure blood glucose levels is with a President and CEO blood glucose meter, called a self-monitoring of blood Collaborations PROVIGATE Inc. glucose (SMBG) device, which pricks the fingertip with Between Major Venture companies in a needle. However, only about 1% of the population has Corporations the healthcare industry in With the spread of COVID-19, healthcare industry stocks are rising globally. Koshin Sekimizu is these devices. From this, we know that many people particular take a long developing remote blood glucose monitoring systems that use analog sensing technologies. He discusses with diabetes do not measure their blood glucose levels and Start-ups time to generate sales, future prospects for the healthcare industry and venture businesses in Japan. at home. On the other hand, about 10%–20% of the Are the Driving earn profits, and become population also have high blood pressure, but about 30% Force for Social self-reliant. Risk money Growing Healthcare premiums, and employer co-payments are really part of of the population have blood pressure monitors. Transformation is what sustains the Industry Supports The world the earnings of Japan’s 100 million workers, we are For those diabetics who are unable to properly make companies during that Healthcare Overall during and after paying 400,000 yen per year for other people's insulin and have to self-inject insulin and other period. COVID-19, will healthcare. formulations (less than 10% of all people with diabetes), What I envy about the U.S. financing environment is present a great opportunity for positive changes to the Globally, the increasing government share of SMBG devices are required to accurately and that the valuations at venture exits are higher than in healthcare industry overall. healthcare costs is reaching its limits. Going forward, immediately test blood glucose and determine the Japan, be that through IPOs or M&As. The difference is Doctors essentially follow standard treatment methods healthcare as a social service has been the sole amount of injectables to use. However, for those on the level of five or 10 times higher. This difference in looking at the test results and findings. Standard responsibility of hospitals. But it should be supported exit prices is directly reflected as a difference in the treatment methods might not always be perfect, but they also by the healthcare market, which is one step outside funding levels at the seeding stage. This is because the are empirically the best available at the time. Conversely, of hospitals. For example, PROVIGATE is focusing on investors who put up the risk money calculate their to improve current standard treatment methods, greater lifestyle-related diseases like diabetes, where 99% of seed/early stage investments from the exit prices. amount of evidence needs to be built upon, which their time is spent outside the hospital. Even if they Although the long way around, one way to overcome requires an enormous effort of collaboration between have similar lifestyles, some people develop these this problem is to consider acquisition of venture industry-government-academia. It is also why people say diseases, whereas some people do not. Current society companies by major corporations. In the U.S., listed that healthcare innovation is so difficult. depends excessively on individual efforts to prevent the ventures are acquired for sums in the hundreds of Healthcare is considered to be a growth industry, but onset and severity of illness. Motivation alone is not billions of yen range, or sometimes even exceeding a an aspect of this that needs to be remembered is that it enough to prompt behavioral change or build habits. If trillion yen. In markets like this, stock prices continue to comes with increasing social costs. The healthcare services can be developed to provide more thorough climb after listing, which creates a financing industry in Japan is worth roughly 45 trillion yen per support, combining analog sensors with IT to help environment where equity finance can continue flowing year, but the patients themselves are paying less than change behavior and form habits, the healthcare Koshin Sekimizu successfully. The financial assets of Japan are among the 10% of that figure. This means that the remaining 40 industry will grow to support healthcare overall. three highest countries globally. Therefore, I think the After working at a management consulting firm and private equity trillion yen is covered half by government taxes and half firm, he started PROVIGATE Inc. in 2015 as a developer of blood acquisition of start-ups by major corporations will by health insurance. And the related health premiums glucose monitoring systems. He completed a doctoral degree in become an important element of the venture ecosystem biological science at the Department of Biological Sciences, are shared equally by insurance policy holders and School of Science, the University of Tokyo. He is a Doctor of in the world after COVID-19, or even during COVID-19. employers. If you consider that taxes, insurance Science. D

20 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 21 Special Interview Living With COVID-19, World After COVID-19: Leaning How to Ask Ourselves “Who am I?” Megumi Tamiwa A New Era Haj i m e Yo n ed a Megumi Tamiwa Curiosity Is Evolution, Inquiry Is Deepening Hajime Yoneda

Megumi Tamiwa, former Editor in Chief of Ryori Okoku (Cuisine Kingdom) turned Superintendent of the challenges without fear of failure. between yourself and nature. The Basically, they crossed the opposing Kasai City Board of Education in her hometown in Hyogo Prefecture, and Hajime Yoneda, owner and chef Tamiwa: English as a foreign birds in the air, the insects on the concepts of local and global. You see, of 3-Michelin-starred restaurant HAJIME in Edobori, Osaka, participate in a Special Interview. Bringing language used to be taught in ground, and the fish in the rivers. we cannot create new value, perspectives from the different worlds of education and cuisine, they had an open and free discussion to elementary schools from grade 5, but And in the middle of all that is you. expression, or innovation by viewing share their wisdom on how to survive in a post COVID-19 / living with COVID-19 world. that now starts in grade 3. But rather At that moment we are all the same the world through the same prism we than memorizing grammar and living thing. From that time, I have have always used. At these times, it Haj i m e Yo n ed a Megumi Tamiwa vocabulary, we really need to teach felt this exquisite balance of life and is really helpful to adopt an approach Owner/chef, HAJIME Superintendent of the Board of them what to say or they will always links between everything. Maybe it that links different things. Education, Kasai City, Hyogo Born in Hirakata City, Osaka, Hajime lose to AI no matter how much was these experiences that fostered Prefecture Era of Great Change Yoneda graduated from the English education they receive. Just in me the ability to link things Department of Electric and Electronic Born in Kasai City, Hyogo, Megumi Requires Self-enlightenment like the time many new home transversely. Engineering in the Faculty of Science Tamiwa graduated from the Faculty of and the Courage to Take a and Engineering at Kinki University Letters at Kyoto Women’s University. appliances got into homes when I Tamiwa: I see. You could say that Step Forward (now Kindai University). After While managing a publishing was a child, like refrigerators and that is your ability to expand your working for a period as an engineer, company, she planned and edited a he changed course to become a chef. number of weekly magazines, washing machines, new era is own domain. Yoneda: The success of Noma was Opened in 2008, his restaurant including Sekai no Bijutsukan (The coming where AI will replace people Yoneda: I read lots of books on inevitable if you consider the HAJIME obtained three Michelin Masterpieces in the World), Chikyu in many occupations. This is why different subjects. I like and am marketing. It was targeting a vacant stars in a record amount of time Ryoko (Weekly World Travel), and globally. He has been selected as one of the world’s 100 leading Nippon no Kaido (Ancient Highways of Japan), all of which rote learning is no longer enough interested in all books, from books by segment. Actually, this was the same chefs in the 100 chefs au monde by the magazine Le Chef. He is left their mark on an era. Other roles she held included Editor proficiency. We need the ability to management executives and athletes, reason that I started my restaurant in also a participant in the SPACE FOODSPHERE program of the in Chief of Ryori Okoku (Cuisine Kingdom), a monthly ask ourselves “Who am I?” We also to books on religion, philosophy, Osaka, a high-end establishment in a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), which was magazine. On July 1, 2020, she was appointed as Kasai City’s established to discuss the future of food and space. first female Superintendent of the Board of Education. need many different experiences and quantum mechanics, and city of many cheap restaurants. to not be afraid of failure. Just as our mathematics. When I was in high Particularly as a company, it is not lives needed to change dramatically school, I wondered why I was always that easy. In the beginning, I spoke to Tamiwa: I understand that, with the Tamiwa: I suppose you were able to unfairly robbed of their chance to in the face of an unknown virus, the buying books on unrelated fields, but other chefs when I was planning to current COVID-19 pandemic, you make use of that experience in fail. For instance, when I share a new opportunities that we face in our lives they all came together when I entered open in Osaka, and they told me I were one of the first to petition the France. You would need to be guided dish with my staff members, I also come in multiple stages. the culinary world and started would be bankrupt overnight. government to help the restaurant by your own philosophy while living carefully specify the origin of the managing my restaurant. And now, I Tamiwa: Many people don't have Curiosity and Inquiry industry. You were quick to respond. in France, or the place could crush ingredients, that they should be cut to Create New Things am even part of the JAXA team. that kind of courage. It's hard without Yoneda: When the word “lockdown” you. 1.6 mm thick for example, and Trying to connect the dots between the confidence backed with solid started being discussed from around Yoneda: Yes. You have to fight in cooked at 46.3°C. On the other hand, Yoneda: Curiosity and an inquisitive completely unrelated business technique. Maybe the COVID-19 March 26, I felt a sense of urgency France. Like cooking, you need to some people will make mistakes no mind are two attributes that are categories, and fields that are not pandemic is a good opportunity to that this was really bad. Restaurants apply heat to bring about dramatic matter how many years they work. important for creating new things. normally connected, allows me to see rethink the courage needed to take normally only have about 1.5 months change. But you can’t just do a little. But interesting things are sometimes Curiosity is evolution, the drive to new things in an interesting way. on challenges. At the same time, it is of cash in reserve, which means For example, when you heat water, created through failure. That would encounter new things, and an Tamiwa: And that is the reason why important to have the ability to many places would go bankrupt if every molecule needs to be heated. I be equally true in education, wouldn’t inquisitive mind is deepening the you have so many ideas for question yourself about what you find asked to temporarily close. I knew think people are like that, too. That is it? engine to probe each thing connecting fields that seem to be interesting. Especially in periods of that we had to act quickly. why, with the petition, when I would Tamiwa: There is a tendency to completely. unrelated. It is also the reason why I change, like right now, it is extremely Tamiwa: You received a terrific get rejected by one person, I would favor a “better safe than sorry” Tamiwa: ‘Inquisitive’ is a word being get scolded when I call your genre important to look inside yourself and response to the petition, didn’t you? just move on to the next. In this way, approach, but sometimes people actively used by the Ministry of French cuisine. ask questions, to know yourself. And Yoneda: I heard that famous chefs in you can raise the overall temperature really need to get out of their comfort Education, Culture, Sports, Science Yoneda: Genre means nothing. What that is having an inquisitive mindset, Europe were also launching petitions. and bring about change. Change will zone and get out into nature, and and Technology right now, too. is important is expression. Denmark isn’t it? In Japan, we collected 50,000 happen as long as you continue to maybe stub their toes on some rocks. Yoneda: First of all, to foster was gaining a lot of attention in the Yoneda: I agree. If we all can again signatures in just two days from the make a move. That is a philosophy After all, it is through failure that we curiosity, we need to be able to gather culinary world not that long ago. take a little more time to look into March 29 launch, which ballooned to that I always apply to myself. develop wisdom and maturity. information from different fields in a Tamiwa: That would be Noma, in ourselves to think about what kind of 130,000 signatures in two weeks. Tamiwa: Making a move, even when Yoneda: That sort of discovery does transverse direction. I grew up in a Copenhagen, voted the world’s best society we want to create or live in, I alone. I like that! Most of the time, not come from solutions generated place surrounded by nature. restaurant. think we will be able to bring about a Keeping the Heat On, people just get swallowed up by the through AI. In any industry, we need Wandering around the countryside new, different world moving forward. Without Fear of Failure, to Yoneda: Exactly. What they did is Hasten Change majority. to value people who can “properly” and spending hours playing in the they started applying cutting-edge D Yoneda: People these days are fail. We should always take on rivers break down any barrier techniques to traditional local dishes.

22 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 23 Defining the Researcher Series ❺ A technology can be created for anything that can be measured. Era of Changing Work Styles Improving Health and Creativity Using the Air Starting with creating a “yardstick” that can be used to evaluate health.

Shota Hori IAQ Technology Group

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines measurement,” especially in the field of brain studies. In health as follows in the charter adopted in 1947. his studies, “human measurement” refers to measuring Health is a state of complete physical, mental and the brain’s blood flow and obtaining electrocardiograms social well-being and not merely the absence of disease when a person sees a color or hears a sound, for or infirmity. example, to find out what that person’s brain is The mission of the IAQ Technology Group of the TIC experiencing. He is trying to evaluate people using is to develop technologies that use air conditioners to measurement technologies. control the indoor air quality (IAQ), creating a Hori says, “Behaviors such as getting angry and comfortable indoor environment, to improve people’s fleeing are also found in animals. I wanted to measure quality of life. Shota Hori is continuing research in the more human-specific elements, such as empathy or the IAQ Technology Group in order to find ways to support feeling you get when you think an image is beautiful or health using the air. ugly. Furthermore, I had been researching what are called human high-order functions, including human Hoping to Make People Around the World reactions to control emotions, such as tolerating anger.” Healthy at Daikin, the World’s Foremost Air Contributor Hori, who was assigned to the IAQ Technology Group after joining Daikin, wondered what he could “I think the ability to feel hot when temperatures are accomplish despite feeling like a misfit in the company. high is part of the health defined by the WHO. For “In the Faculty of Medicine, I was doing what example, the reason why there are more heat strokes satisfied my intellectual curiosity. Once I joined Daikin, among senior citizens is because their heat-related the leading manufacturer of air-conditioning equipment, sensory function becomes less sensitive as they age. If I wanted to think about what I could do for society we use IAQ technologies to measure, manage, and through Daikin.” control those parameters that older people cannot easily “The leading manufacturer of air-conditioning sense on their own, we might be able to better support equipment” must also mean that the company creates their basic health.” the world’s best air itself. However, merely purifying, Hori, who joined Daikin midcareer in May 2016, had cooling, or warming the air does not lead to the health Hori says, “I think that defining a comfortable until then been majoring in laboratory science in the defined by the WHO, that is, a mentally and socially state for people and restricting them to that state is not necessarily good, and that real health is the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University. As a fulfilled state. But, if I use the technology that I have flexibility and the ability to react to any researcher, he had been specializing in “human been researching to measure how the temperature and environment appropriately.”

24 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 25 (Humidity: %) Men Fatiguing (Humidity: %) Women 70 0.02 70

0.06

0.1 50 50 Defining the Researcher Series ❺ 0.14 0.18

0.22 30 30 20 22 24 26 Not fatiguing 20 22 24 26 (Temperature: ℃) (Temperature: ℃)

(Humidity: %) Men Fatiguing (Humidity: %) Women → 1.5 → .60 ＊ 70 70 Humidity Feeling of discomfort Humidity Feeling of fatigue 0.02 ＊ 40% 40% .40 55% 55% 1.0 ＊ 0.06 70% ＊ 70% Hori says he felt the ＊ Discomfort More fatigued .20 0.1 ＊ importance of the office 0.5 50 50 .00 environment while working Score Score 0.14 ＊ from home, claiming, “If 0.0 -.20 0.18 you work alone, you can * corrected p < 0.05 * corrected p < 0.05 -.40 0.22 Comfort -0.5 Less fatigued only output within your ← 30 30 ← 20 22 24 26 Not fatiguing 20 22 24 26 24℃ 26℃ 28℃ 30℃ 24℃ 26℃ 28℃ 30℃ scope, but when you work (Temperature: ℃) (Temperature: ℃) with your team in the office, your output ■ Relationship between temperature/humidity and the ■ Research findings presented jointly with RIKEN on becomes an input to degree of physiological fatigue in men and women May 28, 2020 someone else, affecting his Gender differences in how people are affected by the air Within the wide room temperature range between 26°C and or her output. That is → 1.5 → .60 where creativity is born.” environment have＊ been identified for the first time in terms of 30°C, lowering the humidity reduced the feeling of discomfort. Humidity Feeling of discomfortfatigue. Findings demonstrating that a temperatureHumidity of 20°C and FeelingThe of feeling fatigue of fatigue markedly declined under the conditions of ＊ 40% humidity of 30% are the least fatiguing for men while40% a a room temperature of 28°C and humidity of 40%. At 55% or .40 55% 55% 1.0 temperature of 22°C and humidity of 50% are the least fatiguing lower, a ＊declining trend was also observed. ＊ Hori has been clean- 70% for women were presented at a meeting of the Japanese70% Society “A person’s immunity is not constant but changes ＊ Discomfort shaving his head since he of Fatigue Science in 2018. More fatigued .20 during normal living. Someone who is fatigued is more ＊ was about 20 years old. prone to catching a cold and, if the environment 0.5 Since then, collecting hats has become his hobby. .00 changes significantly, it is easier to get sick. If we can

Score Score Shown here is his ＊ and create a “yardstick” for measuring health, we can “visualize” these factors, people will understand how A technology can be created from treasured collection. 0.0 -.20 both suggest means for improving it and evaluate their careful they need to be. Even if the air cannot cure anything that can be measured. effectiveness. Furthermore, adding other information, illnesses, it should be able to support a healthy state that * corrected p < 0.05 If we* correctedcan pmeasure < 0.05 air-.40 and health, such as whether a person is eating, sleeping, an infant, keeps illness away.” Comfort -0.5 Less fatigued or an elderly person, will make the evaluation more ← ← published on May 28, 2020 proved the following: Even Daikin will take the challenge to If a Contrast Can Be Achieved Between the 24℃ 26℃ 28℃ 30℃ 24℃ 26℃ accurate.28℃ 30℃ at a room temperature of 28°C, keeping the humidity at the next level. Air Quality Inside Offices and Homes, In November 2017, the TIC installed an experimental 55% or lower improves the comfort level. Furthermore, People can Perform Healthy and Creative system at RIKEN that measures the degree of human keeping the humidity at 40% or lower also lowers the Work humidity controlled by air conditioners affect people, fatigue that various temperature and humidity degree of fatigue. modifying and controlling the content of the air might conditions cause, in collaboration with the RIKEN Hori thinks that the health function developed by The fact that Hori himself had to work from home link to health. Hori held this sense of mission in his Center for Life Science Technologies (present-day RIKEN to evaluate a person’s degree of health can be taught him the importance of what an office space is heart of working at Daikin, the world’s leading air RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research). applied to Daikin’s unique health “yardstick.” In the providing, giving him the opportunity to think about the manufacturer, to bring health to people all over the This was the beginning of a collaboration aimed at future, he plans to combine this function with Daikin’s “quality of air.” The ons and offs, as Hori describes, the world. achieving a comfortable and healthy space. Hori air-conditioning technology and proceed with research office as a space providing a somewhat tense “A technology can be created for anything that can be participated in this joint research from the start. on what health is. environment, and the relaxing space that the home measured. We cannot yet measure people’s creativity. Among research institutes in Japan, RIKEN is a “In the past, a clear boundary was perceived between environment provides after working hours leads to However, I thought that if we could measure air and leader in the life science and biology fields. The joint illness and health. In reality, however, there is no creativity. health, Daikin will explore the field with new research began with the goal of creating spaces in boundary but rather there is a gradual gradation that Even when we are very exhausted after being in a possibilities.” which people are not likely to become fatigued. connects them. I think new approaches will measure highly tense environment, if we can go back home, fully Hori says that “fatigue” can be evaluated based on the how healthy a person is, rather than simply determining decompress and recover, overall it can be good for our Riken’s Health Function Makes It Possible to Research What Health Is state of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic whether he/she is ill or healthy.” health, or even healthier. What I want to emphasize is nervous system consists of the sympathetic nervous achieving such contrasts. In the office, we create a COVID-19 Has Been Increasing the To create a comfortable and healthy space, we must system and the parasympathetic nervous system, which Importance of the Air sharp and crisp atmosphere, and at home, we can first define what it means to be healthy. What state does function in antagonistic ways, similar to the accelerator generate the air that matches the individual’s state of Daikin perceive as being healthy? If we can define that and the brake in an automobile. A balance between the “The spread of COVID-19 has caused a major change health. I think the personalization of air conditioners two is maintained during activity. in society. As a result, I think the importance of the air will be demanded in homes.” Born in Nagoya in “In addition to the degree of fatigue, the autonomic is increasing,” says Hori. He says it is because the Until now, we have been aiming for an average of 80 1986. Previously nervous system also responds to heat and cold. question of how healthy a person should be will become out of 100 points for air conditioners, basically a passing worked at a university, Therefore, being fatigued or continuously feeling hot important in the world living with COVID-19 as well as grade. In the future, however, to use the air to promote engaged in research on brain-machine over a long period of time puts a corresponding load on the world after. A person’s health, i.e., whether that people’s health, it will be necessary to set up various interface for the autonomic nervous system. In such cases, the body individual is prone to catching a cold, becomes an parameters, such as normal eating habits, age, smoking, connecting the brain to a machine. He temperature can no longer be regulated and the person’s important information. With regard to our joint work and drinking alcohol. This is an area where it is difficult joined Daikin behavior and thinking ability will also be affected, with RIKEN to measure health, we will evaluate how a to predict whether positive effects can be reliably midcareer in 2016 and sometimes leading to poor efficiency and lowering person’s health changes during daily living, and measure obtained, but Hori is determined to continue research was assigned to the IAQ Technology Group to conduct research on air and spaces productivity.” and “visualize” the relationship among the air, mental and development efforts to achieve the goals he set for that promote people’s health. The results of the joint research with RIKEN health, lifestyle diseases, and infectious diseases, etc. himself. D

26 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 27 Key Technology ❺

●Airエアフィルタが使われる場所 filters used in buildings and offices (バイオセーフティー) Air-handling units are sometimes combined with gas-removing filters depending Air Filter Air-handling unit on the required air quality level. Synergy with Air Conditioners Expected Because of the COVID-19 Crisis

Daikin’s air filters that use a fluorocarbon resin is an original, world first technology. “Clean air” has been receiving a lot of attention with the spread of COVID-19. To what degree can air filters purify the air? Prefilter Medium-performance filter Air Filters Using a Fluorocarbon Resin Based on Daikin’s Original Technology

It was in 1942 that Daikin scale plants. revenue of around 1 billion yen, began developing fluorine Then in 2009, after adding at this point it has grown to 90 compounds using its original Nippon Muki Co., Ltd., a billion yen and is considered a technology. Daikin worked on company skilled at producing promising business that will refrigerant for air conditioners high-performance filters and the support Daikin in the future. —its mainstay—as well as No. 1 air filter manufacturer in Key Point of Technical The functions of air-handling units used in building air-conditioning systems, including air fluorocarbon resins, water- and Japan, to its group companies, filters, can be customized to precisely meet a variety of air-conditioning needs. Competition is How to Source: AAF High Purity Air Filtration Guide oil-repellents, and Daikin began to grow Lower Airflow Resistance fluoroelastomers, which led them substantially while developing (出典：AAF High Purity Air Filtration Guide) to also grow as a diversified new markets. While Daikin’s What level of dust can high- fluorine compound manufacturer. initial goal for its air filter performance air filters actually ●Air filters used in clean rooms An air filter used in a clean room purifies the air in three stages. And it was in the 1990s that business was to reach sales remove? エアフィルタが使われる場所 (クリーンルームAfter coarse) dust is removed by the prefilter and medium- performance filter, HEPA filters installed in various locations Daikin commercialized the PM2.5, which is often Prefilter Medium-performance filter HEPA filter capture finer dust. After most of the dust has been removed by world’s first filter using a mentioned in relation to airborne the filters in the first two stages, HEPA filters boasting a capturing fluorocarbon resin. While dust, refers to dust particles rate of 99.97% are used to finish up. Therefore, HEPA filters do not clog up that often, and need to be replaced only about once searching for applications for the having a diameter of 2.5 µm or every few years. successfully developed less. However, among these fluorocarbon resin membrane, particles, many of them have a Daikin decided to use it in air size of 1 µm or less. Moreover, filters, which are highly practical viruses such as COVID-19 have a and highly compatible with air size of 0.3 µm or less, where they conditioners. often float around attached to While launching the air filter droplets from humans. Current business from scratch and high-performance air filters are building up related expertise, able to sufficiently remove all 2007 was a key year for Daikin. these sizes. HEPA filters are used in clean rooms. To reduce the speed of the air passing through and lower When Daikin acquired OYL In terms of particle-capturing the pressure loss, folds called “mini-pleats” are (出典：AAF High Purity Air Filtration Guide) incorporated. Industries Limited, a Malaysian rates, HEPA filters (High- Source: AAF High Purity Air Filtration Guide global air conditioner Efficiency Particulate Air Filters) manufacturer, it integrated the (JIS Z 8122), which are installed µm. This means only three out of are even higher in performance, Therefore, the next issue for Power & Industrial (P&I) in places such as semiconductor 10,000 particles escape by passing is 99.9995% for particles having a high-performance air filters is business of an OYL subsidiary, clean rooms and hospitals through the filter. diameter of 0.15 µm. In other how to lower the airflow American Air Filter, which operating rooms to remove fine The particle-capturing rate of words, the capturing technology resistance so that they use only a included commercial filters and Satoshi Hara particles, capture 99.97% of ULPA filters (Ultra Low has reached the point where no small amount of energy in Leader of the Filter Group dust-collecting systems for large- Technology and Innovation Center particles having a diameter of 0.3 Penetration Air Filters), which further improvement is necessary. capturing airborne dust. Long-

28 Challenge 2020 Vol. 05 29 AIR FILTRATION PRODUCTS

AIR FILTRATION PRODUCTS Methods of Filtration

There are several methods of creating a safe and secure indoor environment. AAF takes great care in assessing and addressing the individual and specific needs ofMethods our customers and of choosing Filtration the appropriate solution to any IAQ challenge.

Mechanical There are several methods of creating a safe and secure indoor environment. AAF takes great care in assessing and addressing the individual and specific needs of our customers and choosing the appropriate solution to any IAQ challenge.

FILTRATION PRINCIPLES Mechanical FILTRATION PRINCIPLES

AIR FILTRATION PRODUCTS Straining Key Technology ❺ Diffusion Straining occurs when a particle is larger than the opening Diffusion takes place on particles so small that their direction between fibers and cannot pass through. It is a very ineffective and velocity are influenced by molecular collisions (called Methods of Filtration method of filtration because the vastStraining majority of particles are far “Brownian movement”). They do notDiffusion follow the airstream, but smaller than the spaces between fibers.Straining Straining occurs will when remove a particle isbehave larger morethan thelike opening gases than particulate.Diffusion These takes particles place on are particles so small that their direction There are several methods of creating a safe and secure indoor environment. AAF takes great care in assessinglint, hair, and and addressing other large particles. between fibers and cannot pass through.battered Itacross is a very the ineffective direction of flowand in a velocityrandom are “helter influenced skelter” by molecular collisions (called AIR FILTRATION PRODUCTS the individual and specific needs of our customers and choosing● the appropriate solution to any IAQ challenge. method of filtration because the vastfashion. majority When of a particlesparticle are strikes far a fiber,“Brownian it is retained movement”). by the They do not follow the airstream, but Five capturing models of air filters smaller than the spaces betweenadhesive fibers. Straining forces (vanwill removeder Waals forces)behave between more thelike particlegases than particulate. These particles are lint, hair, and other large particles.and fiber. battered across the direction of flow in a random “helter skelter” Mechanical (1) Diffusion (works on dust particles having a (2) Impingement (works on dust particles having fashion. When a particle strikes a fiber, it is retained by the Methodsdiameter of 0.2 of µm Filtration or smaller) a diameter in the micron range or larger) For mini-pleat HEPA filters.

FILTRATION PRINCIPLES adhesive forces (van der Waals forces) between the particle Electrical and fiber. the filter fibers are made of a There are several methods of creating a safe and secure indoor environment. AAF takes great care in assessing and addressing fluorocarbon resin. This the individual and specific needs of our customers and choosing the appropriate solution to any IAQ challenge. HEPA filter is 60 cm square Electrical with a thickness of 6 cm. It can expand to as much as 10 Mechanical Impingement ㎡ if the pleats are opened. Another folding method is

As air flows through a filter, it makes repeated changes in FILTRATION PRINCIPLES Of the five models, this model capturesdirection dustas it passesparticles around each Thisfiber. modelDirt particles, is effective especially when the diameter of the flowing dust called the V-back type. This Straining withDiffusion the smallest diameter. Since largerthese particles, particles cannot follow the abruptImpingementparticles changes is large. in direction Dust particles arriving in an air flow cannot one is 60 cm square with a Straining occurs when a particle is larger than the opening undergoDiffusion takesBrownian place motion on particles without so becausesmall being that affectedof their their direction inertia. by the As a result,Asfollow they air doflows the not changesthrough follow the a infilter, the it airmakes flow repeated near the changes filter infibers, and thickness of 30 cm. It can between fibers and cannot pass through. It is a very ineffective airand flow, velocity they are eventuallyinfluenced bycollide molecular withairstream, thecollisions filter and (called theyfibers. collide with. a fiberdirectionthusFilters collide as using it withpasses this and method around are captured each fiber. by Dirt the particles, filter fibers. especially expand to as much as 30 to Electrostatic method of filtration because the vast majority of particles are far “Brownian movement”). They do not arefollow often the coated airstream, with butan adhesive tolarger help particles, retain particles cannot on follow the abrupt changes in direction 50 ㎡ if the pleats are The electrostatic method of filtration is based on the principle smaller than the spaces between fibers. Straining will remove behave more like gases than particulate.the fibers. These particles are because of their inertia. As a result, they do not follow the opened. (3) Interception (works on dust particles having athat objects carrying opposite electrical charges are attracted to lint, hair, and other large particles. battered across the direction of flow in a random “helter skelter” airstream, and they collide with. a fiber Filters using this method diameter of 0.2 µm or larger) one another. As particles enter the Electrostaticfilter, they pass through the fashion. When a particle strikes a fiber, it is retained by the are often coated with an adhesive to help retain particles on “ionizer” section, where a field withThe an intenseelectrostatic positive method charge of isfiltration is based on the principle adhesiveStraining forces (van der Waals forces) between the particle theDiffusion fibers. With the spread of COVID-19, who has been continuing to HEPA filters and ULPA filters Straining occurs when a particle is larger than the opening Diffusion takes place on particlesimparted so small tothat the their particles. direction The particlesthat objectsare then carrying carried byopposite the electrical charges are attracted to and fiber. AIR FILTRATION PRODUCTS a need has arisen to control develop technologies focusing on are currently used in operating between fibers and cannot pass through. It is a very ineffective and velocity are influenced by molecularairstream collisions into the (called“plate” area, consistingone another. of alternately As particles charged enter the filter, they pass through the method of filtration because the vast majority of particles are far “Brownian movement”). They do collectionnot follow plates. the airstream, Positively but charged “ionizer” particles section, are attracted where a tofield the with an intenseindoor positive viruses. charge The is sale of air filters since joining Daikin in rooms and semiconductor plants Electricalsmaller than the spaces between fibers. Straining will remove behave more like gases than particulate.negatively These charged particles plates. are imparted to the particles. The particles arepurifiers then carried has by thebeen growing at 1995. to produce super clean air. In a lint, hair, and other large particles. battered across the direction of flow in a random “helter skelter” airstream into the “plate” area, consisting of alternately charged Methods of Filtration The accumulated dust load is removed from the plates in one Daikin, too. Furthermore, we are All this time, Hara has been residential environment, fashion. When a particle strikes a offiber, two itfashions. is retained Either by thethe plates arecollection periodically plates. washed, Positively or charged particles are attracted to the Dust particles riding an air flow come into adhesive forces (van der Waals forces)the dust between load is theleft toparticle “agglomerate” negatively on the plates, charged until plates. the receiving numerous inquiries, unable to find a clear path in combining ventilation with an air There are several methods of creating a safecontact and securewith and indoor are environment.captured by AAF the takesfilter greatfibers care in assessing and addressing Interception and fiber. enlarged particles are blown off theThe plates accumulated into the “storage dust load is removed fromasking the plates whether in one high-performance generating that synergy, but says purifier is considered sufficient to Impingement the individual and specific needs of ourInterception customers is and a special choosing case the of appropriate Impingement, solution where to a anyparticle IAQ challenge.section.” The storage section consists of either an automatic of two fashions. Either the plates are periodicallyair filters washed, can or be used as air that recently the air conditioner purify the indoor air. However, As air flows through a filter, it makes repeated changes in (4) Straining (effective whenfollows the thedust airstream, particle but because (5)of its Electrostatic size in relation to (effective the on submicron dust Electrical roll filter or extended surface filters.the dust load is left to “agglomerate” on the plates, until the direction as it passes around each fiber. Dirt particles, especially Mechanicaldiameter is large) fiber, it comes in contact with the fiber.Interception Itparticles) is not dependent on enlarged particles are blown off the platesconditioner into the “storage filters, for which business side approached him due Hara points out that in the future, larger particles, cannot follow the abrupt changes in direction the inertia of the particle to bring it Interceptioninto contact iswith a special a fiber. caseThe of Impingement, where a particle section.” The storage section consists of demandeither an automatic has been relatively small to the COVID-19 crisis. Synergy people might start demanding particle is retained by the inherent adhesivefollows the forces airstream, between but thebecause of its size in relation to the FILTRATION PRINCIPLES because of their inertia. As a result, they do not follow the roll filter or extended surface filters. until now. is being created with the spirit of cleaner indoor air through the use airstream, and they collide with. a fiber Filters using this method particle and fiber, called “van der Waals”fiber, it forces. comes in contact with the fiber. It is not dependent on Electrostatic are often coated with an adhesive to help retain particles on the inertia of the particle to bring it into contact with a fiber. The “For Daikin, achieving synergy finding chances in spite of the of HEPA filters, etc. The electrostatic method of filtration is based on the principle the fibers. Impingement particle is retained by the inherent adhesive forces between the between its high-performance air crisis, converting COVID-19 “However, it is not known that objects carrying opposite electrical charges are attracted to As air flows through a filter, it makes repeated changes in particle and fiber, called “van der Waals” forces. one directionanother. asAs itparticles passes enteraround the each filter, fiber. they Dirt pass particles, through especially the filter technology and its air pandemic into a business whether “clean air” from which “ionizer”larger section, particles, where cannot a field follow with the an abrupt intense changes positive incharge direction is conditioner business was a major all viruses, dust, and bacteria AAF has a policy of continuous product research and opportunity. impartedbecause to the of theirparticles. inertia. The As particles a result, arethey then do notcarried follow by thethe improvement and reserves the right to change design www.aafintl.com challenge,” says Satoshi Hara, “There is a type of air- have been removed is really good Capturesairstreamairstream, intodust theand particles “plate” they collide area, with withconsistingthe. a largestfiber andofFilters diameter. alternatelyspecifications using without Whenchargedthis methodnotice. Creates an electrostatic force by electrostatically charging Straining DiffusionElectrostatic BETTER AIR IS OUR BUSINESS® thecollection aredistance often plates. coatedbetween Positively with the an charged filteradhesive fibersparticles to helpISO is Certified are retainshorter attracted 9001:2000 particles than to the onthe the filter fibers, and uses its attraction effect to capture conditioning system called an for humans. 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(van der Positively Waals forces) chargeddiameter between particles ofthe are 0.2 particle attracted µm or toless the that conditioners in this air-handling With current air filters, no follows the airstream, but because of its size in relation to the roll filter or extended surface filters. and fiber.negatively charged plates. fiber, it comes in contact with the fiber. It is not dependent ona challenge. And the key point is “filter,” they might have an image cannot be captured by the unit is not by itself something technology is available for the inertia of the particle to bring it into contact with a fiber. howThe much we can provide these of something like a Thesieve accumulated that dust load is removedInterception from the model. plates in When one difficult. However, upgrading the selectively capturing viruses or of two fashions. Either the plates are periodically washed, or particle is retained by the inherent adhesive forces betweentwo the technologies at a low cost. strains out particlesElectrical larger than particles of this size randomly try air filter while retaining the same dust. On the other hand, in terms particle and fiber, called “van der Waals” forces. the dust load is left to “agglomerate” on the plates, until the Daikin’sInterception high-performance air the mesh size. However,enlarged the particles are blown offto the pass plates through into the “storagethe filter based on capacity of the air conditioner’s of inactivating viruses, the filters consistInterception of nanofibers, is a special case which of Impingement,functions where a particleof an air filtersection.” are The storage section consistsBrownian of either motion, an automatic they collide fan requires a technology that effectiveness of streamer follows the airstream, but because of its size in relation to the roll filter or extended surface filters. are ultra-thinfiber, fibersit comes inwith contact a with the fiber. It is notexpressed dependent in on five capturing with the filter fibers and end up could provide an air filter with discharge, which has been Impingement diameter ofthe 200 inertia nm of theor smaller,particle to bring it into contactmodels, with a includingfiber. The the straining being captured. Incidentally, it is low airflow resistance. If no air commercialized, has been AAF has a policy of continuous product research and As air flows through a filter, it makes repeated changes in particle is retained by the inherent adhesive forces between the improvement and reserves the right to change design formedwww.aafintl.comdirection by pulling as it passes fluorocarbon around each fiber. Dirt particles,function. especially considered that particles having a comes out, then it defeats the confirmed. There are also other and specifications without notice. particle and fiber, called “van der Waals” forces. “Before the COVID-19 crisis, high- resin tapelarger verticallyparticles, cannot and follow the abruptBETTER changes AIR IS OURinFor direction BUSINESS example,® capturing by the diameter of several µm or less performance air filters were used in purpose. I hope to continue technologies, such as the use of ISO Certified 9001:2000 because of their inertia. As a result, they do not follow the horizontally. These nanofibers are Interception7 model is a that adhere to the filter fibers industrial applications, primarily in researching this area and ultraviolet radiation. ©2013 AAF International airstream, and they collide with. a fiber Filters using this method 9920 Corporate Campus Drive, Suite 2200 I Louisville, Kentucky 40223 USGBC Member logo and LEED are trademarks owned by Electrostatic clean rooms. It is not necessary to www.aafintl.com Customer Service 800.477.1214 Fax 888.223.6500 the U.S. Green Building Council and are used by permission. used inare the often filtration coated with elements an adhesive of to help retain particlesphenomenon on in which particles remain captured by them because eventually arrive at the point of “An air filter is one of the many The electrostatic method of filtration is based on the principle purify the air in ordinary spaces to HEPAthe filters. fibers. While these fibers having a diameter of 0.2 µm or of intermolecular forces and do that degree. It was said that the roles being able to improve air quality.” functional components after all. I AAF has a policy of continuous product research and that objects carrying opposite electrical charges are attracted to of air filters were to ensure have low pressureimprovement loss and and reserves the right to change design larger riding alongwww.aafintl.comone onanother. an air As particlesflow enter the filter,not they fall passoff througheasily. the hope to make it more useful by and specifications without notice. compliance with the Act on Filters Are One of the “ionizer” section, where a field with an intense positive charge is ® extremely low airflow resistance, cannot completely avoid the filter BETTER AIR IS OUR BUSINESS combining it with a variety of ISO Certified 9001:2000 Maintenance of Sanitation in imparted to the particles. The particlesThe are thenCOVID-19 carried by the Crisis 7 Many Functional filters employing©2013 theseAAF International fibers tend fibers, coming intoairstream contact into the with “plate” area, consisting of alternately charged Buildings and to just prevent heat other functional components. I 9920 Corporate Campus Drive, Suite 2200 I Louisville, Kentucky 40223 USGBC Member logo and LEED are trademarks owned by Putting More Focus on Components to clog easily. Therefore, reducing and being capturedcollection by them.plates. Positively charged particles are attracted to the exchangers from getting dirty, and feel that the COVID-19 crisis www.aafintl.com Customer Service 800.477.1214 Fax 888.223.6500 the U.S. Green Building Council and are used by permission. therefore there was really only a negatively charged plates. Synergy with Air Various Combinations this tendency has become an Further, particle diffusion can Conditioners limited need for high-performance air Are Necessary might give us an opening for issue. capture particlesThe having accumulated a dust load is removed from the plates in one filters,” says Hara. that.” D of two fashions. Either the plates are periodically washed, or the dust load is left to “agglomerate” on the plates, until the 30 ChallengeInterception 2020 Vol. 05 enlarged particles are blown off the plates into the “storage 31 Interception is a special case of Impingement, where a particle section.” The storage section consists of either an automatic follows the airstream, but because of its size in relation to the roll filter or extended surface filters. fiber, it comes in contact with the fiber. It is not dependent on the inertia of the particle to bring it into contact with a fiber. The particle is retained by the inherent adhesive forces between the particle and fiber, called “van der Waals” forces.

AAF has a policy of continuous product research and improvement and reserves the right to change design www.aafintl.com and specifications without notice. BETTER AIR IS OUR BUSINESS® ISO Certified 9001:2000 7 ©2013 AAF International 9920 Corporate Campus Drive, Suite 2200 I Louisville, Kentucky 40223 USGBC Member logo and LEED are trademarks owned by www.aafintl.com Customer Service 800.477.1214 Fax 888.223.6500 the U.S. Green Building Council and are used by permission. Others Title of paper Paper/Proceedings Presentation date Applicability of CFD Analysis to Oil Scroll Design of Scroll Compressor Transactions of the Japan Society of June 2020 Recent External Presentations Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Development of non-fluorinated oil-resistant paper having excellent folding 9th JACI/GSC Symposium June 2020 We strive to generate innovation through mutual activities which transcend both internal resistance via electron beam irradiation division lines and also the framework of Daikin itself. We will introduce some of the A Design of Bearingless Motor Journal of Japan Society for Design Engineering June 2020 research presented at TIC between November 2019 and November 2020. Through this, Study of Low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene suppress ed formation 69th SPSJ Annual Meeting May 2020 we aim to encourage new themes of collaboration for technology development. of perfluorocarboxylic acid and its salt Improvement of superhydrophobic coating durability 69th SPSJ Annual Meeting May 2020 Academic Paper ★★ Publicity Award winner: Ryo INOUE ★★ Title of paper Paper/Proceedings Presentation date Performance mechanism of ultra-slippery polymer coating film 2 69th SPSJ Annual Meeting May 2020 Learner's efficiency prediction using facial behavior analysis 28th International Conference on Computers November 2020 Development of Measurement Technique of Magnetic Steel Losses Excited by Joint Technical Meeting on “Motor Drive,” May 2020 in Education（The Asia-Pacific Society for Inverter “Rotating Machinery” and “Vehicle Technology,” Computers in Education） IEE Japan Selection of wettability evaluation method suitable for application and its Journal of Japan Coating Technology Association August 2020 Power Factor Control in the Building by the Air Conditioning built-in Active The 2020 Annual Meeting of the Institute of March 2020 expression mechanism II Filter Electrical Engineers of Japan －Droplet removal applications（in air）and applications in water－ Motor local iron loss evaluation under inverter excitation by H-coil method The 2020 Annual Meeting of the Institute of March 2020 PFOA-free polytetrafluoroethylene micro-powder and formation mechanisms of Scientific Reports（Nature Research Journal） August 2020 Electrical Engineers of Japan PFOA by ionizing radiation Analysis of injection molding of plastic magnet using MPS method and Magnetic The 2020 Annual Meeting of the Institute of March 2020 Warmer Environments Increase Implicit Mental Workload Even If Learning Frontiers in Psychology April 2020 of Moment method Electrical Engineers of Japan Efficiency Is Enhanced Interactive room environment with anthropomorphic adaptability The 2nd International Symposium on Symbiotic January 2020 Optimum Pole Number Combination of a Buried Permanent Magnet Bearingless IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications February 2020 Intelligent Systems: "Challenge to the Edge: How Motor and Test Results at an Output of 60 kW with a Speed of 37000 r/min （IEEE） can we design symbiotic society?" Temporal-spatial distribution of N2 metastable molecules in the pulsed positive Journal of Electrostatics January 2020 Simulation Study of Water Retention and Drainage on High-efficiency heat pump Seminar: JSRAE January 2020 streamer in the needle-to-plate gap in sub-atmospheric pressure nitrogen Heat Exchanger for Heat pump Air conditioners. Fundamental Study of Internal Morphology and Moldability of BN-filled IPONY The Second International Conference December 2019 International Conference Fluoropolymer Composites with High Thermal Conductive Properties of Polymeric and Organic Materials in Yamagata Title of paper Paper/Proceedings Presentation date University Position Sensor-less Control and Source Current Harmonics Reduction Control The 23rd International Conference on Electrical November 2020 Development of analysis and design technologies for motors in Technology JMAG Users Conference 2019 December 2019 of Electrolytic Capacitor-less Inverter for IM Drive Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2020) Research Association of Magnetic Materials for High-Efficiency Motors Development of an Environmentally Friendly Anodic Fluorination System Based PRiME 2020: The Electrochemical Society October 2020 (MagHEM). on Bipolar Electrochemistry Development of Novel Perfluoropolyether containing Blo ck Copolymers and The 42nd Fluorine Conference of Japan November 2019 Electrochemical Fluorination of Organic Compounds Using Alkali Metal Fluoride PRiME 2020: The Electrochemical Society October 2020 Their Characte ristics Salt with Fluorinated Alcohol-Based Solvent System Novel Introduction of Perfluoropolyether Unit into Aromatics The 42nd Fluorine Conference of Japan November 2019 Design Optimization of Microchannel Heat Exchanger Headers using an Applied Thermal Engineering June 2020 Improvement of superhydrophobic coating ability for practical usage The 28th Polymer Material Forum November 2019 Experimentally Validated Multiphase Flow CFD Model Oleophilic - oleophobic patterning of TiO2 / fluorinated polymer composite film The 28th Polymer Material Forum November 2019 Toward Predicting Learners’ Efficiency for Adaptive e-Learning The 10th International Conference on Learning March 2020 based on photocatalyst principle Analytics & Knowledge (LAK20) Performance mechanism of ultra-slippery polymer coating film The 28th Polymer Material Forum November 2019 Heat environment increases mental workload even if learning efficiency is 27th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive March 2020 ★★ Publicity Award winner: Masamichi MORITA ★★ enhanced Neuroscience Society Quantum algorithm for collision steps in lattice Boltzmann method Quantum Information Technology Symposium November 2019 New production method of SF4 and its one pot fluorination France-Japan Joint Forum on Organofluorine November 2019 (QIT41) Chemistry for Future Pharmaceutical/Agricultural Anti-microbial and Anti-biofilm Effect of Underwater Electric Discharge (UED) Franco-Japanese Seminar “The New November 2019 and Material Sciences and UED-treated water Microbiology”: Fondation Pasteur Japon Others Smart air for productivity improvement using AI and IoT Technology Conference of Building Mechanical November 2019 Electrical Engineers 2019 Title of paper Paper/Proceedings Presentation date Electrochemical fluorination of triphenylmethane using a bipolar electrode in a The 44th Electrolytic Technology Symposium - November 2020 flow reactor Soda Industrial Technology Symposium Pick up The effect of hydrophilicity on phase separation and crystallization of blends of SmaSys2020 October 2020 Aiming to Achieve Spaces Streamer discharge Fluorine resin and PMMA where People Can Live with Peace of Mind Electrostatic Technologies for Air Purifiers The 44th Annual Meeting of IESJ September 2020 ―Research results of “Inactivating MHV and SARS-CoV-2 using a streamer plasma generator”― 3 + Measurement of N（A2 Σu) Metastable in Parallel type Streamer Discharge by The 44th Annual Meeting of IESJ September 2020 Laser-Inducted Fluorescence at Atmospheric Pressure With the spread of the current COVID-19 , Given the spread of COVID-19, I felt the In recent years, various infectious Development and verification of heat load prediction model 2020 Annual Meeting the Society of Heating, Air- September 2020 society has grown great expectations, need for completing this research was diseases have emerged, including the combining dynamic heat load simulation and machine learning conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan especially for Daikin’s streamer discharge urgent. The test equipment required current COVID-19, SARS, MARS, the bird technology, which detoxifies and reliable settings, especially in the flu, and the swine flu. Historically, Control of Air Conditioning by Data Assimilation Using Source-Receptor 2020 Annual Meeting the Society of Heating, Air- September 2020 inactivates harmful substances because discharger, since inaccurate settings here diseases such as small pox, the plague, Relation conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan Daikin professes to be a company that would force the experiment to start over, cholera, and the Spanish flu caused Demonstration Project on Automated Demand Response with Air Conditioning 2020 JSRAE Annual Conference September 2020 provides solutions through air. This which leads to loss of time. We also pandemics that inflicted great damage on System and IoT technology in the Portuguese Republic recent report covers research that proves wanted to avoid starting over or repeating the human race. I expect the current Final report - Interim Report of the Project - the effectiveness of streamer discharge in the experiments as much as possible COVID-19 will be conquered in the near Research and Development of Remote Refrigerant Leak Monitoring System for 2020 JSRAE Annual Conference September 2020 inactivating SARS-CoV-2, the virus that since these procedures would increase future but new pandemic-causing VRF Systems causes COVID-19. This research was the risk of infection for the people infectious diseases will continue to The 2nd Report - Development of Automatic Refrigerant Leak Detection carried out with cooperation from leading conducting the test. For this reason, I emerge. When that happens, however, we Method Using Machine Learning - virus researchers, including Prof. Shigeru had to be creative to ensure that the must be able to implement measures that Pick up Inactivation of coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus and SARS-CoV-2, by streamer The 163 meeting of the Japanese Society of September 2020 Kyuwa of the University of Tokyo and Prof. experiment would be executed precisely. are far superior to the current ones. As we plasma irradiation Veterinary Science Shigeru Morikawa of Okayama University For example, I obtained special support Daikin's technology, the company A Study on Environmental Control Considering Human Factor (Part 2) AIJ Annual Convention 2020 September 2020 of Science. permission to enter the laboratory to that provides solutions through air, we aim Improvement of Thermal Comfort by Thermal Environment Control Considering Since the effectiveness of streamer make prior settings and check the to create a secure space for people to live the Difference in Outdoor Air Temperature discharge against other viruses and equipment operation, confirm the validity at ease. By having multiple layers of Field Test Results of Power Factor Control in the Building by the Air IEEJ/IAS (D) Online Technical Meetings 2020 September 2020 bacteria had already been confirmed, I of the experiment remotely, and use the technology, such as combining the Conditioning built-in Active Filter (DOTeM 2020) expected that it would also be effective related mouse coronavirus to do a prior streamer technology with other Preparation of fluoropolymer particles having hollow structure The 66th annual Kobe Polymer Research July 2020 against SARS-CoV-2. However, the world check of the experiment method. Both technologies and establishing the next Symposium of microorganisms is totally unknown until Prof. Kyuwa and Prof. Morikawa kindly novel technology, we strive every day to we try something in it. Therefore, I understood my situation, offered great reach this goal. Preparation of Hydrophobic Films Utilizing Particle Shape The 66th annual Kobe Polymer Research July 2020 consider the fact that this research cooperation, accommodating me despite Symposium produced academic evidence is very travel restrictions and strict campus entry Toshio Tanaka Industrial Mass Production Process of Pentadecafluorooctanoic-Acid-Free QST Takasaki Annual Report 2019 July 2020 significant. restrictions. Polytetrafluoroethylene by γ-Irradiation

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